HP (Hewlett-Packard) 742i User Manual

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HP 9000 Model 742i

Owner's Guide

for HP-UX Users

HP 9000 Series 700i Industrial Workstations

ABCDE

HP Part No. A2260-90014

Printed in USA February 1993

Edition 1

E0293

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Legal Notices

The information contained in this documen

t is sub ject to c

hange without

notice.

Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with r

egard to this manual,

including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and

tness for a particular purpose.

contained herein or direct, indirect, special, inciden

Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors

tal or consequential damages

in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Warranty.

Agreement and Limited Warranty

Please read the enclosed

Hewlett-Packard SoftwareProduct License

before operating this product. Rights in the

software are oered only on the condition that the customer accepts all terms

and conditions of the License Agreement.

Operating the product indicates your acceptance of these terms and conditions.

If you do not agree to the License Agreemen

t, you may return the unused

product for a full refund.

A copy of the specic warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett-Packard

product and replacement parts can be obtained from your lo cal Sales and

Service Oce.

Copyrightc

1993 Hewlett-Packard Company

This document contains information which is protected by copyright. All rights

are reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written

permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyrightlaws.



Copyrightc

AT&T, Inc. 1980, 1984, 1986. Copyright

Microsystems, Inc. Copyrightc

Inc. Copyrightc

Copyrightc

1985-1986, 1988 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

1986 Digital Equipment Corp. Copyright

1980, 1984, 1986 UNIX System Laboratories,

1986, 1987, 1988 Sun



The Regents of the

University of California 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985.

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

This software and documentation is based in part on the F

Software Distribution under license from the Regen

ts of the University of

California.

ourth Berkeley

Restricted Rights Legend.

Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S.

Government Department of Defense is subject to restrictions as set forth in

paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of the Righ

ts in Technical Data and Software clause in

FAR 52.227-7013.

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This manual's printing date and part n

printing date will change when a new edition is prin

made at reprint without changing the printing date. The man

will change when extensivechanges occur.

Manual updates ma

product changes. To ensure that you receive these updates or new editions,

you should subscribe to the appropriate pro duct support service. See y

Hewlett-Packard Sales Representative for details.

February, 1993 Edition 1

Hewlett-Packard Company

OSSD Learning Products

3404 East Harmony Road

Fort Collins, Colorado 80525

y be issued b et

umber show its current edition. The

ted. Minor changes maybe

ual part number

ween editions to correct errors or documen

our

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Safety Symbols and Conventions

The following conventions are used throughout this man

Note

Caution

Notes contain important information set o from the text.

Caution messages indicate pro cedures whic

could result in loss of data or damage to equipmen

ual:

h, if not observed,

t. Do not

proceed b eyond a CAUTION sign until the indicated conditions

are fully understood and met.

Warning

Warning messages indicate procedures or practices which, if

not observed, could result in personal injury. Do not proceed

beyondaWARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully

understood and met.

FCC Statement (For U.S.A. Only)

The Federal Communications Commission (in Subpart J of Part 15, Do cket

20780) has sp ecied that the following notice be brough

t to the attention of the

users of this pro duct.

Warning.

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency

energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions

manual, may cause interference to radio communications. It has been

tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device

pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide

reasonable protection against suchinterference when operated in a commercial

environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to

cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will b e required to

take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference.

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Regulatory Information

FCC Statement(For U.S.A. Only)

The Federal Communications Commission (in Subpart J of P

20780) has sp ecied that the following notice be brough

art 15, Docket

t to the attention of

the users of this product:

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy

and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions man

ual,

may cause interference to radio communications. It has been tested and

found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuan

tto

Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable

protection against suchinterference when op erated in a commercial

environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to

cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will b e required

to take whatever measures may be required to correct the in

terference.

Turvallisuusyhteenveto (Finland Only)

Laserturvallisuus

Luokan 1 Laserlaite

Klass 1 Laser Apparat

HP 9000 Mo del 742i tietokoneeseen voidaan asentaa muistilaitteeksi

laitteensisainen CD-ROM-levyasema, joka on laserlaite. Talloin myos

paalaitteena toimiva tietokone katsotaan laserlaitteeksi.

Kyseinen CD-ROM-livyasema on kayttajan kannalta turvallinen luokan 1

laserlaite. Normaalissa kaytossa levyaseman suo jakotelo estaa lasersateen

paasyn laitteen ulkopuolelle.

HP 9000 Mo del 742i tietokoneen on tyyppihyvaksynyt Suomessa

laserturvallisuuden osalta Tyosuojeluhallitus, Tyosuojeluhallituksen

hyvaksyntanumero TSH 222/6019/90. Laitteiden turvallisuusluokkaon

maaritettyvaltioneuvoston paatoksen No: 472/1985 ja standardin SFS-IEC

825 mukaisesti. Tiedot CD-ROM-levyasemassa kaytettavan laserdio din

sateilyominaisuuksista:

Aallonpituus 780 nm

Teho 0,4 mW

Luokan 1 laser

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

VCCI Statement (Japan Only)

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vii

Printing Conventions

This bo ok uses the follo

If you see

computer text

...

Text displayed by the computer system. F

indicates a login prompt displa

italic text

Variable text supplied byyou. For example,

le name

means that you type a le name of your choice.

Italic text is also used for text emphasis and for documen

Key

Type the corresponding key on the keyboard. For example,

CTRL

means you hold down the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Displayed

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

Item

Select an on-screen item or a corresponding softk

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Help

wing typographical conventions:

It means

...

yed by the system.

5-4D5

key, and press the

CTRL

or example,

ey.For example,

t titles.

key.

viii

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Contents

1. Product Description

Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

The HP9000 Model 742i

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Features of the 742i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Memory Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Built-In Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

2. Finding Information About Your System

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Installing Your Model 742i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Online Sources of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

3. Logging In and Getting Started

Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Before Logging In the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Turning On Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Displaying Graphics on a Remote X Host . . . . . . . . . 3-4

For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Interpreting the LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Logging In and Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Logging In with HP-UX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Logging Out with HP-UX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Creating a New User Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Setting or Changing a Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Selecting a New Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Shutting Down Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Using the Shutdown Command to Stop Your System . . . . 3-11

Using SAM to Stop Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

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Contents-1

Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

4. Conguring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Preparing for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Conguring HP-UX for a Prin

ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Testing the Printer Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Dealing With Printer Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Finding the Status of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses

Conguring for a Hard Disk Drive

Software Installation of the Hard Disk Driv

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

e Upgrade . . . . 4-8

. . . . . . 4-7

Testing Your Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Conguring for a Flexible Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Testing Your Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Archiving Files to a Flexible Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

Retrieving Files from a Flexible Disk . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

Mounting a New Flexible Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

Removing and Inserting a File-System Flexible Disk . . . . . 4-16

Conguring for a CD ROM Drive.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17

Installing the CD ROM Drive with SAM . . . . . . . . . . 4-18

Testing Your Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20

Mounting the New CD ROM Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20

Removing and Inserting a Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21

For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22

Conguring for a DDS Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23

Conguring the Drive on HP-UX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24

Testing Your Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26

DDS Tape Drive LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27

Maximum Usage of DDS Cassettes . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29

In Case of Diculty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29

5. Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software

Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Backing Up Your System and Software . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Creating a Recovery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Using mkrs to Create a Recovery System . . . . . . . . 5-3

Source Device Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Root Device Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Contents-2

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If You Have a Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Backing Up Your File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Restoring Individual Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

Restoring Your Operating System Using the Reco

very Tape . . 5-10

For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

6. Dealing With Problems

Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Interpreting the LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Managing a Boot F

Boot Program Initializes Hardw

ailure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

are . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

Selecting an Alternate Operating System . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

Recovering from a System Panic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Procedures for Recovering from a System Panic . . . . . . . 6-11

Step 1: Note the Panic Message . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11

Step 2: Categorize the Panic Message . . . . . . . . . . 6-11

Step 3a: Recovery from Hardware Failure . . . . . . . . 6-11

Step 3b: Recovering from a File System Problem . . . . . 6-12

Step 3c: Recovering from a LAN Communication Problem . 6-12

Step 3d: Recovering from Other Situations . . . . . . . . 6-12

Step 4: Rebooting Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

Step 5: Monitor the system closely . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14

For Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14

Dealing with Network Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

A. Installing Additional Memory

Appendix Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

RAM Replacement Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Planning for Installation of the RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

Determining Existing Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

RAM Board Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . A-3

Installing the RAM ReplacementPairs . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

Verifying the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Contents-3

B. Using the Bo ot R

Appendix Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Boot Console User In

terface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Special Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Information Displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Using the Boot Console User In

Entering the Bo ot Administration Mo de .

Exiting the Bo ot Administration Mode

Getting Help for the Bo ot Console User In

terface . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

. . . . . . . . . B-4

. . . . . . . . . . B-4

terface Commands . B-5

Booting the Mo del 742i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5

Searching for Bootable Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7

Redisplaying the Results of a Search. . . . . . . . . . . . B-8

Displaying and Setting Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9

Resetting the Mo del 742i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-11

Displaying and Setting the Real-Time Clo ck . . . . . . . . B-11

Displaying and Setting the Autoselect Flag . . . . . . . . . B-12

Displaying and Setting the Secure Boot Mo de

. . . . . . . B-12

Displaying and Setting the Fastboot Mo de . . . . . . . . . B-13

Displaying the LAN Station Address . . . . . . . . . . . B-14

Using the VME Backplane Networking Parameters . . . . . B-14

Glossary

Index

Contents-4

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Figures

1-1. Model 742i FrontPanel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Tables

1-1. HP-UX Operating System and Languages for the Model 742i .

3-1. LED Diagnostic Display During Normal HP-UX Operation .

4-1. DDS Tape Drive LED State Co des . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28

6-1. Hardware-Error LED Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

6-2. Operating-System Error LED Indications . . . . . . . . . 6-4

6-3. Problems with the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

B-1. System Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9

B-2. Mnemonic Style Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9

1-4

. 3-6

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Contents-5

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Product Description

Chapter Contents

The HP 9000 Mo del 742i is an exceptionally exible, high-performance

Precision Architecture system based on the Hewlett-Packard PA RISC 7100

technology. Some features are outlined in the following sections.

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Product Description 1-1

The HP9000 Model 742i

Figure 1-1. Model 742i Front P

Features of the 742i

The Mo del 742i has the following features:

50 Mhz PA-RISC processor delivering 61 MIPs.

Congurable with 8 to 64 MB main memory (see \Memory Upgrades"). F

an HP-UX system, at least 16 MB of main memory is required.

ECC RAM correction.

2 memory module slots.

External Cache: 64 KB instruction cache and 64 KB data cache.

Input/Output:

RS-232-C (2).

AUI

SCSI-II SE

Memory Upgrades

Upgrades or factory-integrated RAM provide 16 MB, 32 MB, and 64 MB

memory congurations. See Appendix A.

anel

1-2 Product Description

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Built-In Interfaces

For graphics, printing, and LAN communications, the Mo del 742i pro

following I/O interfaces:

HP-Parallel Interface.

LAN AUI (15-pin D-subminiature; requires MAU for connection to LAN).

2 Asynchronous RS-232 Interfaces: 9-pin male DTE (PC standard).

SCSI-II Interface: 50-pin high density; single-ended 8-bit, up to 5 MB/sec.

synchronous.

The I/O for the Model 742i is on the fron

Physical Dimensions and Power Requirements

Height: 40.6 mm. (2 VMEbus slots).

Width: 233.3 mm. (9.2 in.)

Depth: 160 mm. (6.3 in.)

Weight: .91 kg. (2.0 lb.)

Power:

35 watts @ +5 vdc.

0.12 watts @ +12 vdc.

0.12 watts @ -12 vdc.

t panel, shown on the opposite page.

vide the

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Product Description 1-3

Operating System

HP-UX 9.01 for the Mo del 742i the HP VUE in

System.

Table 1-1 lists the HP-UX op erating system features and languages for the

Model 742i.

Table 1-1.

HP-UX Operating System and Languages for the Model 742i

Operating system: HP-UX 9.01 or later. HP-UX complies with X

POSIX specications.

Languages: HP-PA Assembly, ANSI/C,

FORTRAN/9000.

User interface: Terminal Interface via RS232 only. By using LAN, the X

Window System 11R5 (OSF/Motif 1.2)and HP VUE 3.0

can be used on a suitable X T

Network Features: IEEE 802.3/Ethernet Local Area Network:

S.25.

SNA.

RJE.

TCP-IP.

HP Diskless.

terface, and the X Windo

Open, and

C++

,Pascal, HP-UX

erminal display).

1-4 Product Description

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Finding Information About Your System

Overview

Your Mo del 742i uses the standard HP-UX 9.01 operating system, a highly

versatile system for multitasking, running your application programs, and

performing a variety of other tasks.

Chapter Contents

Installing Your Model 742i.

Online Sources of Information.

Finding Information About Your System 2-1

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Installing Your Model 742i

If you have not installed your hardware or started your system, refer to the

Instal lation Guide

for your system before going further.

Basic Information

After you have read the

Instal lation Guide

for your system, you maywantto

see the following sources for further information:

For a quick reference to commonly-used HP-UX commands, see the

Appendix in

Using HP-UX

At some point, you maywanttointeract with the Mo del 742i via the LAN

using HP VUE with an X Window System display. HP VUE is the default

interface for HP-UX. As a simpler window alternative, you can also use the X

Window System. Both are included in HP-UX. For further information, see

the manual

Guide

Using the X Window System,Using HP-UX

,or

HP VUE User's

The following manuals will also be useful:

If you have not yet installed your HP-UX system, see

Updating HP-UX 9.0

For administration information, see

For troublesho oting HP-UX, see

, whichcovers HP-UX 9.01.

System Administration Tasks

Solving HP-UX Problems

Instal ling and

, and Chapter 6

in this manual.

For VME conguration information, see

VME Conguration Guide for

HP-UX

2-2 Finding Information About Your System

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Online Sources of Information

HP-UX is designed so that y

leaving your system. Some of these information sources are a

ou can access many sources of information without

vailable through a

shell command line.

Man Pages: The information on HP-UX whic

is also on line and accessible b

y clicking on the Toolb ox button at the righ

of your FrontPanel, or byentering on a command line

command

is the name of the HP-UX command y

on. If you're not sure of the command name y

where

keyword

is a likely topic w

ord to search on. This will result in a

h is found in

HP-UX Reference

man

command

ou want to get information

ou can enter

man -k

keyword

, where

display listing commands having the keyword in their description.

There are also a variety of les on your HP-UX system which contain

version-specic information which will be useful in administering and

conguring cards and devices for your version of HP-UX. Among these are the

following:

Release Notes: This is the online version of the Release Notes which came

with your system. It contains all the late information, undocumented

changes and bug xes for your release of HP-UX. Release Notes is found in

the

/etc/newconfig

e.g.,

90RelNotes

Terminfo: The directory

containing information ab out terminal congurations, indexed b

directory, and may be named by its release number,

, for HP-UX 9.0.

/usr/lib/terminfo

contains subdirectories

y the

rst character of the terminal name. For example, to nd conguration

information ab out the hp98546, you can lo ok in

/usr/lib/terminfo/h

for a

listing of information les for all the terminal names beginning with \h".

These lenames also constitute all the acceptable arguments for setting the

TERM variable, in case you are using a non-default terminal conguration.

Finding Information About Your System 2-3

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Newcong: The directory

versions of HP-UX pro duct conguration les, as w

mayhave been customized (lo calized) on y

directory will vary depending on which products y

system. In most cases, old v

the le system, are not o

le in

/etc/newconfig

ersions of these les, in their regular lo cations in

verwritten by the update process. See the README

for information on the contents of this directory

contains information and new

ell as shell scripts whic

our system. The contents of this

ou have loaded on your

2-4 Finding Information About Your System

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Logging In and Getting Started

Chapter Contents

Before Logging In the First Time.

Turning On Your System.

Interpreting the LED Indicators.

Logging In and Out.

Creating a New User Account.

Setting or Changing a Password.

Getting Help.

Shutting Down Your System.

Logging In and Getting Started 3-1

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Before Logging In the First Time

If your Mo del 742i system does not ha

system disk, and you want it to be a cluster clien

manual

clusters and cno des.

Managing Clusters of HP-UX Computers

This chapter reviews some initial procedures and pro

both HP VUE sessions and HP-UX. F

HP VUE after login, see the

HP VUE User's Guide

When you turn on your Mo del 742i to complete the installation pro cess, y

ve a hard disk attached, or if it has a le

t node (cnode), refer to the

for instructions on setting up

vides information on using

or more detailed information ab out using

will be asked for the following information. If you do not have this information

readily available, simply press

Return

after the questions, and you can supply

this information later:

The time zone where your system is lo cated.

The host name for your system; any alphanumeric, single-word name with

eight or fewer characters.

The network address number, also called an IP number, for your system.

This consists of four address elds separated b

255.32.3.10

.You may need to consult with your system administrator for

y perio ds: for example,

this information. Or, if your host name and IP number have already been

assigned, you can nd out the host name, after b oot, b

yentering

uname -a

If you knowyour host name, you can nd out your IP number byentering

nslookup

host name

, at the system prompt.

If you can't supply this information at boot time, y

ou can congure it into the

system later, after logging in, byentering the command

You can then enter the information at the prompts.

3-2 Logging In and Getting Started

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

set_parms

,as

root

Turning On Your System

With all p eripheral devices turned o, do the follo wing:

1. Turn on the p o

unit will show that it is turned on, ev

wer to your display. The power indicator LED on the displa

en if the screen remains dark. Mak

sure of the following:

a. The appropriate LAN connection has b een made to the Model 742i.

b. Normally,you will use a c

port on the Mo del 742i. If y

haracter terminal connected to the RS232A

ou use a remote graphical displa

y host

connected via LAN, make sure the remote system is congured to host

the Model 742i. See \Displaying Graphics on a Remote X Host", in this

chapter, for the sp ecics of setting this up.

2. Check SCSI connections and turn on the po

3. Turn your Mo del 742i system on. The LEDs on the fron

wer to any peripheral devices.

t panel will light,

showing that the power ison.

4. You should see a sequence of boot messages. Allow the boot to con

5. During the boot pro cess, messages will prompt y

ou for the host name, IP

tinue.

number, and time zone. If you have this information, enter it as requested.

Otherwise, press

set_parms

Return

.You can also enter this information later bytyping

Return

after login.

6. You will be asked if you want to set a ro ot password at this time. If you

choose to do this, see \Selecting a New P

assword", in this chapter, for

password requirements.

The system will nish the bo ot sequence, and y

" prompt.

Logging In and Getting Started 3-3

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

ou will see the \

Console

Displaying Graphics on a Remote X Host

With the Model 742i, y

cannot directly display them. However, you can use a remote computer whic

has graphical capabilit y to displa

interact with it. This is done b

the Model 742i.

DISPLAY

which a system sends bitmapped output for clien

For example, if the Model 742i is called

xhost system

, and the program running on the Mo del 742i is called

enter the following on y

ou can run HP VUE or the X Windo

w System, but you

y the system running on the Mo del 742i and

y setting the

DISPLAY

environmentvariable on

sets the host, displaynumber, and screen n

ts.

server

system

,your remote system is

our remote X host system to get it to displa

umber to

xwijit

y the Mo del

742i bits:

xhost +

server system This enables the Model 742i to recognize the

remote X host.

rlogin

DISPLAY=

server system Log in on the Model 742i.

xhost system

:0.0

On the Model 742i, set the

DISPLAY

variable so

that it wil l display on your remote X system.

export DISPLAY

xwijit

Export the variable

Run the program on the Model 742i

For More Information

For detailed information on running HP VUE in a net

the

HP VUE User's Guide

worked environment, see

3-4 Logging In and Getting Started

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Caution

If your system has its o

operating system, do not turn o po

rst shutting down the operating system softw

the pro cedure in this c

Turning o the po

wn disk and you are running a lo cal

wer to your system without

are according to

hapter, \Shutting Down Your System".

wer for your stand-alone system without rst

doing the shutdown procedure may result in damage to data on

your disk. Always execute the shut-down process to completion

rst.

If you are running your system as a node in a cluster (without

a le system disk) you can, in an

y case, shut down your system

by turning o the power after you have properly closed les

and terminated processes. If you have a mounted le system

disk, you must become

root

and perform the procedure

in \Shutting Down Your System", or haveyour system

administrator do so. You can run

by being listed in the le

Administration Tasks

/etc/shutdown.allow

for details.

shutdown

without

. See

being

System

root

Logging In and Getting Started 3-5

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Interpreting the LED Indicators

There are nine LEDs (\Ligh

front. Eight of these are diagnostic, or indicate the normal activit

system. The one on the far left indicates po

The normal running indications for HP-UX are sho

four of the eight diagnostic LEDs will blink to reect activit

operation. For LED indications of error conditions during boot, see T

LED Diagnostic Display During Normal HP-UX Operation

LED Display Meaning









t Emitting Dio des"), whic

wer \on".

wn in Table 3-1. The righ

Table 3-1.

Operating system running

Disk access in progress

Network receive in progress

Network transmit in progress

hyou can view on the

yofyour

y during normal

able 6-1.

3-6 Logging In and Getting Started

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Logging In and Out

Once HP-UX is running on y

logging in is one of the w

using your system. This is esp ecially important if y

our system, you must log in. The process of

ays that HP-UX prevents unauthorized p ersons from

our system is attached to a

network.

Logging In with HP-UX

If you are not using HP VUE, then a command-line login prompt appears after

boot:

1. Type your login name (or

2. Press

If you

Return

haven't

yet set a password, you will get a a system prompt (\#" for

root

root, or$for user), and you can b egin using the system.

3. Otherwise, type your password when the system gives the following prompt:

Password:

4. Press

. The system prompt (\#"or\$") appears and you can use the

Return

system.

Logging Out with HP-UX

If you are not using HP VUE, you can use the

lock

command to temporarily

leaveyour system (while leaving processes running). If you want to log out of

your currentwork session entirely, use the following command:

exit

Logging In and Getting Started 3-7

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Creating a New User Account

If you have access to a system administrator, that person ma

up a user account for you. Otherwise, you will need to do the follo

up a user account so that you can interact with the system as non-

not incur the risk of acciden

You usually work in your home directory or \accoun

tally damaging data.

t", and most of y

yhave already set

wing to set

root

and

our

default les are kept there. As \owner" of this directory and its subdirectories,

you also have control over access to the les in the accoun

Using SAM

To create a user account, you will need to use \SAM", the System

Administration Manager.

Caution

In order to use SAM, you must be logged in as

by the command prompt \#"). The

root

(indicated

account is a separate

This means that you need to take actions more carefully when

you are

root

. The

root

account is only used to do system

administration tasks, and, for security reasons, it should use a

password which is dierent from your everyday user password.

Using HP-UX

and

System Administration Tasks

giveyou more

details on using SAM.

You can navigate around a SAM screen on a character terminal using the

arrow keys and

selection is illuminated, press

1. Type

At the opening menu, choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Users and Groups->

At the next screen, choose

to illuminate the selection you want to activate. When the

Tab

usr/bin/sam

,as

root

illuminated.

Return

to activate, or \choose" it.

, followed by

Return

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Users and Groups->

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Users

.You will see a screen displaying a list of

pressing

Return

logins and real names.

3-8 Logging In and Getting Started

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

with

Go to the

menu bar). Select

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

form

Add a User Account

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Actions

menu (use the appropriate function k

NNNNNNNNNNN

Add

from the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Actions

pull-down menu. You will see a

ey to get to the

5. Fill in your login name, c

dierent from the defaults giv

Note

At this p oin

hoice of start-up program and en

en), and the optional information.

tyou can select X Windo

ws as your login default

vironment (if

environment, if you so desire.

NNNNNNNN

6. Choose

when you are nished.

7. You will be asked to select a password. (See \Selecting a New Password"

for password requirements. If you wish, you can select a temp orary

password and reset it later). Type the password and choose

press

). Re-enter the password, as requested, and choose

Return

NNNNNNNN

(or

NNNNNNNN

. The

re-entered password must match the rst.

Choose

When the \Task Completed" message appears, choose

10.

Press the

11.

Type

NNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Exit SAM

exit

Return

function key.

to leave SAM.

NNNNNNNN

Logging In and Getting Started 3-9

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Setting or Changing a P

assword

From a command line shell prompt, y

directly to set or c

hange a password. (You do not havetobe

ou can use the

passwd

command

root

). Enter the

following:

passwd

You will be prompted for y

Return

our old password. Then you will be prompted to

enter and re-enter your new password. The re-entered password must match

the rst entry.

See the later section in this chapter, \Selecting a New Password", if you

need help with selecting passwords. Use the same procedure to change an

old password as to add a new password. If you already have one, you will be

prompted appropriately for the old password.

Selecting a New Password

If you have already b ooted and used your system, you should already have set

dierent passwords for your user account and for

root

However, you will also wanttochange your password from time to time as a

matter of goo d security practice. The following gives the general requirements

of setting passwords.

A password must meet four criteria to b e valid:

Contain at least six characters.

At least twocharacters must be alphab etic.

At least one character must be a number (0-9) or a sp ecial character (/, ?, !,

or other punctuation mark).

Dier from your previous password by at least three characters.

Your password is case-sensitive, so the password

password

?secret

.Your password can also be as long as you want, but only

?Secret

is dierent from the

the rst eightcharacters are checked.

If you are adding many users to your system, see

System Administration Tasks

for the details of controlling access to your system.

If you have not yet set your password, you can do so using SAM or a shell

command line.

3-10 Logging In and Getting Started

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Shutting Down Your System

If you need to cycle p o

to execute the

shutdown

wer on a system using a local disk, y

ou will have

command rst. You can do this either from the

command line or within SAM.

Using the Shutdown Command to Stop Y

Caution

If your Mo del 742i uses a lo cal system disk, do not turn o

power to your system without rst sh

system software according to the follo

our System

utting down the operating

wing pro cedure. Turning

o the power for your system without rst doing the shutdown

procedure may result in damage to data on your disk. Always

execute the shut-down process to completion rst.

1. As

root

,enter the following command:

shutdown -h

This will giveyou and any other users on your system a one-minute \grace

period" to save les and terminate pro cesses before the system goes do

the halted state.

2. You will see a message:

Waiting a grace period of 60 seconds for users to logout.

Do not turn

off the power or press reset during this time.

wn to

(You can sp ecify this message and you can determine the \grace period"

that

shutdown

allows. See

shutdown

(1M)) and

System Administration Tasks

for using various options.

3. At the end of the perio d, y

ou will see another warning and the following

request for conrmation:

Do you want to continue? ...

4. Respond withy.You will see another message conrming shutdown.

Finally,you will see the following message:

Halted, you may now cycle power.

Logging In and Getting Started 3-11

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

5. At this time the system no longer responds to k

turn o the po

wer. Turning the system back on again will initiate the boot

process.

eyboard input and y

ou may

If you wanttoshutdown and reboot automatically t

ype the following

command:

shutdown -r.

If you wanttoshutdown immediately with no grace perio d, t

ype the following:

shutdown -h 0

Using SAM to Stop Your System

If you happen to b e using SAM, you might also want to use it to shut down

your system.

Caution

Do not turn o power to your system without rst shutting

down the operating system software according to the following

procedure. Turning o the power for your system without rst

doing the shutdown procedure may result in damage to data on

your disk. Always execute the shutdown process to completion

rst.

You can log in as

1. As

root

Choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Routine Tasks

root

type

/usr/bin/sam

and shut down your system, using SAM.

from the opening menu.

3-12 Logging In and Getting Started

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

System Shutdown

4. You will be given a choice of the following:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Halt the System

. All currently executing pro cesses except those

essential to the system are terminated. Then the system is halted.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Reboot (Restart) the System

. The system is sh

ut down and reb ooted

automatically.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Go to Single User State

administrative purposes such as backup or le system consistency c

. The system is put in single-user mo de for

hecks.

5. Exit SAM using the appropriate function key.

Using the Command Line

For guidance on entering commands and using the HP-UX le system, to ols,

and networking commands, see the manual,

work with shell programming, see the manual

Using HP-UX

.For more advanced

Shells: User's Guide

Logging In and Getting Started 3-13

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Driv

Chapter Contents

Preparing for Installation.

Conguring HP-UX for a Printer.

Finding the Status of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses.

Conguring for a Hard Disk Drive.

Conguring for a Flexible Disk Drive.

Conguring for a CD ROM Drive.

Conguring for a DDS Tape Drive.

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-1

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Preparing for Installation

If you have external devices attached to y

(or congure) them on HP-UX. Y

ou may also have to do some conguration

our system, you will have to install

for appropriate data interchange with a new printer. This chapter gives you

general guidance for these tasks.

In general:

For a list of devices whic

See the

on hardware installation. You can also get installation information from

Installation Guide

Installing Peripherals

h are supp orted by the Model 742i, see Chapter 1.

for the device you are installing for information

Ensure that each new device you install which communicates through the

SCSI proto col has a

unique bus address

.You can use

/etc/ioscan

(see

\Finding the Status of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses") to determine this, or

you can use SAM (System Administration Manager). The factory-set SCSI

addresses for the devices in this chapter are as follows:

Hard Disk Drive:

Flexible Disk Drive:

CD ROM Drive:

DDS Drive:

This chapter shows you how to use essential SAM (System Administration

Manager) procedures. SAM will determine the status of an

connected devices and will perform softw

are installation tasks for you.

yofyour

If you don't want to use SAM, or it is not on y

our system, you can also

HP-UX commands directly to accomplish the same tasks. For information on

using manual system administration procedures, see

Tasks

System Administration

4-2 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Configuring HP-UX for a Printer

You will need to supply certain items of information needed to iden

printer you are installing. It will help to ha

to during the softw

are installation process:

ve this information available to refer

tify the

Printer Interface:

Parallel:

Serial (RS232) Port 1:

Serial (RS232) Port 2:

Printer Name (a name the system uses to identify the printer. It can be any

name.):

Printer Model Number (lo cated on a label on the bac

k of the printer):

Procedure:

To install your printer:

1. Log in as

root

2. Run SAM bytyping:

/usr/bin/sam

To get help in SAM, pressing the

key gives you context-sensitive

information for the ob ject at the location of the cursor.

Use the arrow keys and

screen. Press

At the SAM opening screen, choose

Choose

Return

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Printers/Plotters

to move the highlighted areas around the

Tab

to \choose" an item when illuminated (suchas

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Printers and Plotters

from the next screen.

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-3

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

NNNNNNNN

If your system doesn't haveany printers connected, you will see a message.

Make sure you have a printer connected. Choose

From the

choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Actions

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

menu (on the men

Add Local Printer/Plotter

u bar at the top of the screen),

NNNNNNNN

or press

Return

6. Choose an appropriate selection on the sub-men

u giving options for

Parallel, Serial, HP-IB, etc.

7. A screen will giv

If you chose

one serial interface could be listed. The serial in

eyou information on available parallel or serial interfaces.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Add Serial (RS-232) Printer/Plotter

, more than

terfaces are listed in

ascending order. The lowest-numbered serial interface corresponds to the

lowest-numbered serial connector on your system. Choose the one to which

you have connected your printer.

Choose

NNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

A display opens for

10.

Choose the box lab eled

Add Local Printer/Plotter

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Printer Name

and enter your

printername

for the

new printer (entered in the blank earlier).

11.

Choose

12. Scroll down the next screen, using the arrow k

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Printer/Model Interface

eys, to nd the Model Name

of your printer.

13. Choose the Mo del Name (press

14.

Choose

15.

In the

choose the b ox labeled

16.

Choose

NNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Add Local Printer/Plotter

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Make this the system default printer

NNNNNNNN

Return

when illuminated).

display which reappears, select and

17. If the print spo oler was not previously running, a screen will appear with

the question:

NNNNNNNNNNN

Yes

or press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Do you want to start the print spooler now?

Return

NNN

. Choose

4-4 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

18. You will see a conrmation screen asking if y

connected to your system, and online. Chec

is ready, and press

19.

You will see the message

20.

Exit the task and press the

Return

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Task completed

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Exit SAM

. Press

function key.

our printer is turned on,

kyour printer to ensure that it

Return

21.

Type

Refer to

exit

System Administration Tasks

Return

to exit

root

and return to

user

status.

, for additional SAM information.

Testing the Printer Installation

If you made your printer the default system printer, type the following

commands to test it:

Return

lp .profile

(If your printer (called

Return

printername

) isn't the default system printer, enter the

following command to test it:)

lp -d

printername

The le named

.profile

Return

should print out on your new printer.

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-5

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Dealing With Printer Problems

If you experience problems in prin

The power cord for the prin

The printer is turned on.

The printer selection switches are set for online.

Paper is loaded in

The correct interface has been set up.

The printer cable is connected to the correct in

The cable is connected to the correct port on y

to the printer (and it isn't jammed).

ting, check the following:

ter is plugged in.

terface port on y

our system.

our printer.

4-6 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Finding the Status of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses

Before you attach a new SCSI driv

your device is currently unused, you can use SAM, or y

tool to help determine whic

h devices are currently connected. To determine the

currently connected SCSI bus IDs, en

e, to ensure that the SCSI bus address of

ou can use the

ioscan

ter the following command line:

/etc/ioscan -fb

The result will be a displa

y of information, such as the following:

Class H/W Path Driver H/W Status S/W Status Description

=========================================================================

...

disk 2.0.1.2.0 scsi ok(0x5800101) ok TOSHIBA CD-ROM

tape_drive 2.0.1.3.0 scsitape ok(0x1800202) ok HP HP35450A

disk 2.0.1.6.0 scsi ok(0x101) ok MICROP 1528

...

For example, the SCSI bus address for the \MICR

fourth column of its hardware address as \6"(

OP" disk device is in the

2.0.1.6.0

). If you were

installing another disk, for le system use, it would b est be accessed at the

adjacent SCSI bus address in the \scanning" order, \

". SAM would help you

determine where to put it when you did the installation.

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-7

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Configuring for a Hard Disk Driv

Hard disk drives can be attached for accommodating HP-UX, local le systems,

and swap space on your Mo del 742i system.

Software Installation of the Hard Disk Driv

After all connections have been made (see the

device), you'll need to ensure that y

our operating system is prepared to

exchange data with the device. This section pro

conguring HP-UX to communicate with hard disk driv

the disks for mass storage and/or swap space. Note that your HP disk is

e Upgrade

Instal lation Guide

for this

vides instructions for manually

es, in order to use

pre-formatted.

The factory-set SCSI bus address for the disk drive:

SCSI bus address:

This SCSI address assumes usage of the disk as

root

. Although the

conguration jumpers in the back of the drive are factory-installed and should

not require reconguring, it is possible that the SCSI bus address jumpers

for the disk may be shipped with dierent settings. Therefore, please see the

Instal lation Guide

for the drive for the procedure for resetting jump ers, should

it be necessary.

The following list outlines the software procedures you'll nd in this section for

installing the hard disk drive as a le system disk:

Verify that you haveanunused device le with the correct select co de and

bus address for your device. (Use SAM or the script in \Finding the Status

of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses").

Use SAM to:

Install a disk on HP-UX.

Build a le system on the disk (done automatically by SAM).

Mount the disk so that you can access it as a le system.

4-8 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Note

SAM does not support the follo

wing:

Changing the hardware address of a disk driv

e containing

the root le system.

Changing the hardware address of a disk array

Changing the hardware address of a disk that is part of

software disk striping.

After all appropriate connections ha

ve been made (see the

Instal lation Guide

for this device), you'll need to ensure that your operating system is prepared

to exchange data with the device. This section pro

vides instructions for doing

this.

1. Run SAM bytyping:

/usr/bin/sam

Pressing the

4f15

key gives you context-sensitive information for the ob ject

at the location of the cursor.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

2. Choose

Return

Choose

Disks and File Systems

(highlight the selection and press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CD-ROM, Floppy, and Hard Disks

4. Choose the line identifying the type of new disk you have connected. In the

\Use" column, it will be designated as \unused".

5. In the next screen, choose the line identifying the model of the new disk.

If the device you have connected does not app ear on the list:

a. Checkyour connections, and make sure that the device is turnedon.

Choose the button

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Device Missing

, and you will be given the

following options:

i. Have SAM rescan the system for the device. If you have connected

the device

choose

NNNNNNNN

after

starting SAM, you should choose

NNNNNNNNNNN

Yes

. Otherwise,

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-9

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

ii. Respond to the conrmation screen regarding whether the device is

connected and p owered up.

iii. Respond to the conrmation screen regarding whether additional

device drivers are needed. (Unless the k

ernel has, for some reason,

had drivers removed, the drivers needed for a hard disk should

currently be in the k

ernel.)

iv. You will be giv

the device still cannot b e found. If this is the case, y

consult

6. After you choose the device, y

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Select a Disk to Add

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Set Disk Usage and Options

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Modify Defaults...

Installing Peripherals

en an information screen suggesting things to try if

ou will need to

ou will see a form giving three tasks:

.(You have already done this).

. (This task is optional).

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Choose

Set Disk Usage and Options

7. On the form which appears, select howyou want to use the disk (\File

System", or other usage).

Choose

NNNNNNNN

when you have nished with this form.

9. A \Messages" Box appears, reporting the progress of the task. When the

task is nished, choose

10. Exit SAM. (SAM copies your original

/etc/checklist.old

/etc/checklist

Testing Your Installation

A simple test to make certain that the drive has been installed correctly

(whether it is mounted or not) is to execute the command

diskinfo

(using the

appropriate character device le name as the argument). For example:

diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c201d5s0

If the disk is installed correctly,

diskinfo

will display a listing of information

about it, such as the following:

4-10 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

SCSI describe of /dev/rdsk/c201d5s0

vendor: Quantum

product id: XXXXXXX

type: direct access

size: 200000 Kbytes

bytes per sector: 512

After mounting a new disk on a directory

giveyou at least one le or directory en

total 1024

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 8192 Aug 31 15:24 lost+found

,anlllisting of the directory should

try.For example:

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-11

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Configuring for a Flexible Disk Driv

Note the exible disk driv

It should not be necessary to c

The factory-set SCSI bus address for the driv

SCSI bus address:

As it is possible that the SCSI bus setting for the driv

dierently, please check the setting before installation. See the

necessary.

Guide

for the device for the pro cedure for resetting the device, should it be

e jumpers are pre-congured correctly at the factory

hange jumper settings.

emay be shipped

Instal lation

After hardware connections have been made, you'll need to ensure that your

operating system is prepared to exchange data with the device. This section

provides instructions for doing this.

1. If you wish to initialize a new disk, mak

e sure you have the disk loaded in

the drive.

2. Run SAM bytyping:

/usr/bin/sam

To get help in SAM, pressing the

key gives you context-sensitive

information for the ob ject at the lo cation of the cursor.

Choose

Return

Choose

From the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Disks and File Systems

(highlight and choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CD-ROM, Floppy, and Hard Disks

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Actions

menu, select

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Add a Floppy Disk Drive...

or press

.You will

see a list of unused disks, including the new one you have connected.

6. Choose the line identifying the model of the new disk.

If the device you have connected does not app ear on the list:

a. Checkyour hardware connections, and make sure that the device is

turnedon.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

b. Choose the button

Device Missing

, and you will be given the

following options:

4-12 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

i. Have SAM rescan the system for the device. If y

the device

choose

NNNNNNNN

after

starting SAM, you should choose

ou have connected

NNNNNNNNNNN

Yes

. Otherwise,

ii. Respond to the conrmation screen regarding whether the device is

connected and p owered up.

iii. Respond to the conrmation screen regarding whether additional

device drivers are needed.

iv. You will be giv

en an information screen suggesting things to try if

the device still cannot b e found.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

7. After you highlight the device, note that the

toggledon(the default). Choose this button to turn it

Initialize disk

o

if you do not

button is

wish to initialize a disk (or if the disk is preformatted).

Choose

NNNNNNNN

when you have nished with this form.

9. A \Messages" Box appears, reporting the progress of the task. When the

task is nished, choose

10. Exit SAM. (SAM copies your original

/etc/checklist.old

/etc/checklist

Testing Your Installation

A simple test to make certain that everything has been installed correctly is to

execute the command

1. Make sure a exible disk is inserted in the driv

diskinfo

e (otherwise, a core dump

may result).

2. Type the following, using the appropriate device le name as the argumen

For example:

diskinfo /dev/rfloppy/c201d0s0

If the disk is installed correctly,

diskinfo

information about it, such as the following:

/dev/rfloppy/c201d0s0

SCSI describe of 0.rdsk:

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-13

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

will display a listing of

vendor: TEAC

product id: XXXXXXX

type: direct access

size: 1400000 bytes

bytes per sector: NNN

If you wish to test the installation of y

installed, use the

ioscan

command.

our exible disk drive

without

a disk

Archiving Files to a Flexible Disk

Data can b e stored on exible disk media in a v

ariety of formats. The capacit

of these devices is generally to o small to hold useful HP-UX le systems.

Instead, DOS or LIF le systems are commonly used. Data can also be stored

in an archive-utility format. For example,

tar

and

cpio

are commonly used to

share data with other HP-UX systems.

See the man pages or

detailed descriptions of the le systems. For information on

tar

(1) and

cpio

Tosave les archivally to a exible disk using

enter the following command line, where

HP-UX Reference

references

tar

pathname

dosif

(4) and

tar

lif

and

(4) for

cpio

, see

, use a formatted disk and

is the directory where the

les reside:

tar -cvf /dev/rfloppy/c201d0s0

pathname

Retrieving Files from a Flexible Disk

To list les stored in a

tar

archive on a exible disk, without transferring them

to your hard disk, use the following command line:

tar -tvf /dev/rfloppy/c201d0s0

This lists all the les on the exible disk.

To transfer or restore les from a exible disk to your hard disk drive, do the

following:

1. Load the source disk into the exible disk drive.

2. Usingcd, make sure you are in in directory you want the les to reside in.

4-14 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

3. Enter the following command line to restore

current directory:

pathname

on the disk to y

our

tar -xvf /dev/rfloppy/c201d0s0

Mounting a New Flexible Disk

If you want HP-UX to be able to address a newly-inserted exible disk as a

small le system, you will need to mount it. Execute the follo

the new disk. F

mount /dev/floppy/c201d0s0 /flex

See the next section for information on mounting and unmounting a disk used

as a le system.

or example, using \

/flex

pathname

wing to mount

" as the mount directory:

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-15

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Removing and Inserting a File-System Flexible Disk

Caution

If you wish to use the disk as a moun

ted le system, y

ou must

mountitevery time you insert it into the drive, and you must

unmount the disk b efore y

ou eject it from the driv

You will need to do the follo wing:

Before you remove a disk:

1. Temporarily unmount the le system for the disk b

following. For example, if the disk is designated b

/dev/floppy/c201d0s0

y executing the

y the blo ck device le

umount /dev/floppy/c201d0s0

2. Remove the disk.

After you insert a disk:

1. Mount the disk le system so that HP-UX will recognize it. If, for

example, you are mounting the disk in a drive designated by the device

le

/dev/floppy/c201d0s0

under a pre-existing directory

/flex

, execute

the following:

mount /dev/floppy/c201d0s0 /flex

(Note that the directory

/flex

, in the example, must b e given an absolute

path name).

In this example, the

removable le system is to be attached at the directory

mount

command announces to the system that a

/flex

2. Nowyou can access the exible disk as you would any other disk.

4-16 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Configuring for a CD ROM Driv

You can use a CD R

accommodate read-only use of a wide v

OM (\Compact Disc Read-Only Memory") driv

ariety of softw

are, including HP-UX

eto

system updates.

After hardware connections have been made (see the

this device), you'll need to ensure that y

our operating system is prepared

to exchange data with the device. This section pro

conguring HP-UX to communicate with the CD R

Note

The CD ROM drive cannot b e locally-mounted on a diskless

Instal lation Guide

vides instructions for

OM drive.

node (cnode), although its driver must be congured into each

cluster node's kernel.

This section deals with the following topics:

Installing the CD ROM with SAM.

Testing the installation.

Mounting the new CD ROM.

Removing and inserting a disc.

The factory-set SCSI address for this device:

SCSI bus address:

As it is possible that the CD ROM drivemay be shipped with a dieren

bus setting, please see the

Instal lation Guide

for the device for guidance on

resetting it, if necessary.

for

t SCSI

Inserting the disc in your CD ROM drive.

Note that a rigid plastic caddy holds and protects the disc. Before inserting

the disc, make sure you have the disc installed in the appropriate disc caddy.

When inserted into the disc p ort, data is read from the disc through a shutter

in the caddy. When you eject the caddy, the shutter closes to protect the disc's

data surface.

The disc caddy for an HP drive is not interchangeable with the HP C1707A

CD ROM Drive disc caddy.However, you can remove the disc from one caddy

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-17

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

and use the other, if necessary

, in order to t the appropriate driv

caddies are available from Hewlett-Packard.

e. Disc

Caution

Do not op en the disc caddy sh

utter manually. Opening

the shutter will exp ose the disc's data surface to dust and

damage. If the data surface gets to o m

uch dust or damage,

its readabilityby the CD ROM drive's laser read head will b e

reduced.

Installing the CD ROM Driv

It is a go od idea to mak

e a note of your CD ROM drive model and its

hardware address (select co de and bus address), before y

e with SAM

ou do the software

installation.

CD ROM Mo del:

Bus Address:

Configuring the Drive on HP-UX:

1. Log on as

root

2. Run SAM byentering the following:

$ /usr/bin/sam

Choose

From the

screen, highlight and choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Disks and File Systems->

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CD-ROM, Floppy, and Hard Disks

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Actions

menubar in the \Disk and File System Manager"

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Add a Hard Disk Drive...

6. Within the \Add a Hard Disk Drive" screen, choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Select disk to add

7. Within the \Select a Disk to Add" screen, highlight the line identifying the

new driveyou have just connected. It will b e described as, for example,

4-18 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

\CD ROM-SCSI", followed by its mo del n

NNNNNNNN

or press

Return

umber and bus address. Choose

If the device you have connected does

a. Checkyour hardware connections, and mak

not

appear on the list:

e sure that the device is

turnedonand that there is a disc in it.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

b. Cho ose the button

Device Missing

, and you will be giv

following options:

i. Have SAM rescan the system for the device. If y

the device

choose

NNNNNNNN

after

starting SAM, you should choose

ou have connected

NNNNNNNNNNN

Yes

ii. Respond to the conrmation screen regarding whether the device is

connected and p owered up.

iii. Respond to the conrmation screen regarding whether additional

device drivers are needed.

iv. You will be given an information screen suggesting things to try if

the device still cannot b e found. If this is the case, y

From the

consult

Instal ling Peripherals

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Actions

menu, select

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Add a Hard Disk Drive

.You will see a

form giving three tasks:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Select a Disk to Add

. (Make sure the correct device is displayed

and highlighted).

en the

. Otherwise,

ou will need to

b. If you need to add drivers to the kernel, SAM will prompt you for

doing so and will ask whether you wish to recreate the kernel nowor

later. Make this selection by pressing

highlighted. Then the selection is designated by an asterisk (*) in its

blank. Choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Set Disk Usage and Options

NNNNNNNN

to activate that selection.

Return

. (File system usage is already set for a

when your selection is

CD ROM.)

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Modify Defaults...

. (This task is optional). You maywantto

change certain options, such as when to mount the disk and how its

access p ermissions are set. If so, within the \Add a Hard Disk Drive"

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-19

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

screen, highlight and activ

dialog box, turn on the c

Choose

NNNNNNNN

when you have nished with this form.

Modify Defaults

ate

heckboxes that apply.

. Then, within the

10. A \Messages" Box appears, reporting the progress of the task. When the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

task is nished, choose

11. Exit SAM by returning to opening screen and activ

ating

Exit SAM

Testing Your Installation

A simple test to make certain that everything has been installed correctly is to

execute the command

diskinfo

1. First make sure a CD ROM is inserted in the drive.

2. Then, type the following (using the appropriate device le name as the

argument). For example:

diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c201d2s0

If the disk is installed correctly,

diskinfo

will display a listing of

information ab out it, such as the following:

c201d2s0

SCSI describe of /dev/rdsk/c201d2s0

vendor: TOSHIBA

product id: CD-ROM DRIVE:XM

type: CD-ROM

size:

bytes per sector:

nnnnnn

nnn

Kbytes

Mounting the New CD ROM Drive

SAM will mount the disc for you when you install the drive. You can then

mount it and unmount it manually, using the

mount

and

umount

commands, as

with a exible disk.

If you have not already had SAM do so, in order for your system to bo ot with

the new CD ROM mounted, you will need to edit your

the following line to the

/etc/checklist

le:

/etc/checklist

. Add

4-20 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

/dev/dsk/c201d2s0 /cdrom cdfs ro 0 0 # CD ROM

If you have only made this c

mount the new disk automatically

your system. (Note that using the

/etc/checklist

After mounting a new disk on a directory

giveyou at least one le or directory en

hange to your system, executing

, and it will sta

-a

option mounts

y mounted until you rebo ot

all

unmounted devices in

,anlllisting of the directory should

try.For example:

mount -a

will

total 1024

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 8192 Aug 31 15:24

lename

See the next section for information on unmounting the disc before you remove

it.

Removing and Inserting a Disc

You must mount a CD ROM disc every time you insert it into the drive, and

you must unmount the disc before the system will allow y

ou to eject it from

the drive.

Note

The eject button on the CD ROM drive is disabled while the

device is mounted or in use.

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-21

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Before you remove a disc:

1. For example, if the disc is designated b

/dev/dsk/c201d2s0

, temporarily unmount the disk's le system b

y the blo ck device le

executing the following:

umount /dev/dsk/c201d2s0

2. Press the eject button to remo

ve the disk

After you insert a disk:

1. Mount the CD R

for example, you are mounting the CD ROM designated by the device

lename

/dev/dsk/c201d2s0

OM le system so that HP-UX will recognize it. If,

, create a directory

/cdrom

(if it doesn't exist

already) and execute the following:

mount /dev/dsk/c201d2s0 /cdrom

(Note that the directory

/cdrom

, in the example, must b e given an

absolute path name).

In this example, the

removable le system is to be attac

directory becomes the name of the root of the newly-moun

mount

command announces to the system that a

hed at the directory

/cdrom

. This

ted le system.

2. Nowyou can access the CD ROM as you would any other disk, except

that you cannot write to it.

3. A ashing busy light indicates normal activit

y with the system.

For More Information

For more information on the

see the appropriate entries in

online command help system bytyping

command, and

Return

mount,umount

, and

HP-UX Reference

man

, followed by the name of the

reboot

commands, please

.You can also use your

Information on the installation of external p eripheral devices can be found in

Installing Peripherals

4-22 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Configuring for a DDS T

ape Drive

This section contains instructions for conguring a new DDS driv

The DDS (\Digital Data Storage") T

ape Drive is a sequen

tial-access,

read-write device using removable DDS cassettes. Although DDS driv

are similar to DAT players in the audio industry

, the cassettes are

e on HP-UX.

not

interchangeable. There are two ma jor dierences:

1. Audio cassette tapes transfer data in streaming mode. That is, they are

left in motion for p eriods of min

starting, stopping and repositioning, whic

tapes are made rugged enough to stand this kind of treatmen

are not expected to perform this w

utes. Tapes used for data are con

tinually

h is stressful to the tape. DDS

t. Audio tapes

ell, and as a result fail very quickly in a

data environment.

2. DDS cassettes haveamuch tighter case dimension specication than DAT

cassettes. As a result, DAT cassettes can get stuck in a DDS drive, requiring

the drive to be disassembled. For this reason, only Hewlett-Packard

supported or properly certied DDS tape cartridges should be used. Use of

DAT tapes intended for audio use could void your warranty.

Caution

Do not attempt to extricate a DAT cassette which is stuck

in a DDS drive. You may damage the drive. Have the drive

disassembled by someone qualied to do so.

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-23

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

The steps for adding a DDS tape driv

etoyour system are:

1. Make sure that the necessary device driv

ers are congured into the kernel.

SAM will make this test.

2. Shut you system down and turn o the po

3. Choose a SCSI bus address for the new tap e driv

wer.

e that does not matc

h the

bus address for any other SCSI device.

4. Make all necessary hardw

5. Turn the new tap e driv

6. Turn your systemon.

7. Run SAM to create the device les for the new tape driv

The factory-set SCSI address for the DDS driv

SCSI bus address:

As it is possible that the SCSI bus address jump ers for a driv

are connections for the device.

eon.

emay be shipped

with dierent settings, please check the settings before installing the device.

See the

Instal lation Guide

for the device for information on resetting it, should

it be necessary.

Configuring the Drive on HP-UX

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

The SAM

Kernel Configuration

procedure will conrm which drivers are

active for your tap e devices and will congure them as needed, for connected

devices. Reconguring the kernel will involve rebooting your system.

4-24 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Before you begin:

First make a note of the tape driv

address) so that you will be able to iden

e model and its hardw

tify it later.

DDS Drive Mo del:

Bus Address:

1. Log on as

root

2. Run SAM byentering the following:

$ /usr/bin/sam

To get help in SAM, pressing the

key gives you context-sensitive

information for the ob ject at the location of the cursor.

Highlight and select

At the next screen highlight and select

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

The

Tape Drive Manager

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Peripheral Devices ->

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Tape Drives ->

screen lists what tap e devices are connected,

including your new device. Highlight that device.

From the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Actions

menu, choose

hardware steps for adding the tap e driv

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Add...

e. Cho ose

. A message screen gives you the

are address (SCSI bus

NNNNNNNN

or press

Return

7. A conrmation screen indicates whether any related device drivers needed

to be added to the kernel. Choose

NNNNNNNNNNN

Yes

or press

Return

8. If you needed to add a device driver, you will also need to create a new

kernel and (eventually) reboot the system. Select from the men

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

the

Create a New Kernel

kernel now, later, or cancel the prop osed mo dications. (Make sure your

choice has an asterisk placed by it, by pressing

highlighted.) Cho ose

NNNNNNNN

screen whether you want to create the new

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Return

while that line is

to conrm your choice of action.

uon

9. You will next be given a choice of whether to install the new kernel now

or later. If you move the kernel into place now, the system will also

reboot. If you choose to do it later, you can then move the new kernel,

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-25

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

/etc/conf/dfile.SAMto/hp-ux

and reb oot. Y

/etc/conf/dfile.SAMto/etc/conf/dfile

ou should also mo

at the same time.

If you rebo ot, the old k

ernel will be bac

ked up as

/SYSBCKUP

10. Exit SAM, if you have not already done so.

Note

If you are modifying a cluster clien

backed up, since

/SYSBCKUP

is used exclusively for the cluster

t's kernel, its kernel is not

server's kernel.

Your system is now running the added driv

are ready to use the drive to load a tap e into your system.

er for SCSI DDS tap e driv

e. You

Testing Your Installation

Note that a write-protect tab on the cassette allows y

ou to protect data from

being over-written. You will need to make sure that the tab is moved to the

\writable" position in order for it to serv

e as a back up medium.

A simple test to make certain that everything has been installed satisfactorily

is to load a tape in the drive, wait for the \busy" light to stop blinking, and

execute the

ioscan

command:

/etc/ioscan

The LED on the drive should icker briey. If the command completes

successfully, a listing of your devices, including the tape hardware address,

name and status will be displayed, indicating that it is installed correctly. Note

that the command may fail with a busy error if the command is executed

before the tape has completed loading.

4-26 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

DDS Tape Drive LED Indicators

Two LED indicators on the driv

e's front panel indicate several operational and

test states. The following tables sho

what they indicate.

DDS Tape Drive LED Symbols Used in T

w the LED combinations and explains

able 4-1

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-27

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Table 4-1. DDS Tape Drive LED State Codes

Caution Indicator

The DDS drive continually monitors the number of errors it has to correct

when reading or writing a tap e. This information is presented to the user

through the Caution Indicator (see abovechart).

A caution indication has two common meanings:

The tape heads need cleaning.

The tape itself is approaching the end of its useful life.

4-28 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Maximum Usage of DDS Cassettes

Under optimal environmental conditions (50% relativehumidity,22

Hewlett-Packard DDS cassettes are curren

tly sp ecied to 2000 passes o

any part of the tape. In op erational terms, this can b e translated in

approximately 200 to 300 bac

during a backup, an area of tap e ma

cannot be maintained, or b ecause the bac

areas of the tape are accessed frequen

kup op erations. This takes into account that,

yhave several passes b ecause streaming

kup software requires that certain

tly.



C),

ver

Under certain conditions, the recommended n

umber of backup op erations needs

to be reduced. These conditions are as follows:

Sustained use at lowhumidity.

Backup software requiring certain areas of the tape being accessed frequen

As a guideline, HP recommends that the n

be limited to 100 per cassette in extreme cases of the abo

umber of backup operations should

ve conditions.

In Case of Difficulty

If you experience any problems with the op eration of the new driv

e, contact

your HP service representative for assistance.

tly.

Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives 4-29

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Y

Software

Chapter Contents

Backing Up Your System and Software.

Restoring Individual Files.

Restoring Your Operating System Using the Recovery Tape.

our

Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software 5-1

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Backing Up Your System and Softw

are

The most important part of y

is also especially important to protect y

protect your data and system from loss, using the general procedures giv

this chapter. (For detailed procedures, see

and

System Administration Tasks

Make sure you create and maintain a backup HP-UX kernel (

on your disk from whichyou can b oot in an emergency

our system is the data y

our system from corruption. You can

Instal ling and Updating HP-UX 9.0

ou have accumulated. It

en in

/SYSBCKUP

)

automatically created by SAM whenever you recongure and rebo ot a new

kernel from your system console.

To build your recovery system, you can use the following devices:

Cartridge tap e drives

DDS-Format (\DAT") drives

Magneto-optical disk drives

Other hard disk drives

Backupyour le system.

Restore your le system, if needed.

Creating a Recovery System

A \recovery system" is a sp ecial tape containing a subset of the HP-UX

operating system. In the event of an operating system failure that prevents you

from bo oting or logging into HP-UX, you can bo ot from the recovery system

tape and use the to ols on the tap e to repair the le system on y

our disk. A

recovery system is created by using commands rather than by using SAM.

You can also restore your system from a system CD ROM that you can

purchase from your HP sales representative.

You should make a recovery tape using

mkrs

at the following times:

Immediately after you set up the Model 742i.

Each time you update your operating system or makeachange in your disk

swap conguration.

To do this, you will need a tape drive (cartridge or DDS-format) and one or

more tap es.

5-2 Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Using mkrs to Create a Reco

The

mkrs

command constructs a recovery system on remo

very System

formatted hard disk drive). If a system later becomes un

corrupt ro ot disk, then y

booted on the reco

ou can b oot y

our system from the reco

very system, you can then use the tools it pro

the corrupt ro ot disk.

Some Options for mkrs

vable media (or a

bootable due to a

very tape. Once

vides to repair

Note

The -s option is necessary for building Series 700 DDS-format

tape recovery systems.

If enough free disk space is available in

option can be used to make

mkrs

/usr/tmp

(typically 10-20Mb), the

-q

create an image of the recovery system in this

directory before copying it to the recovery media. This option generally saves

a great deal of time due to reduced seeking on non-random-access reco

media (cartridge tape and DDS-format). Note: for DDS-format tap e reco

very

systems, the-qoption is assumed.

When creating a DDS-format recovery system for a small memory system

(8Mb), the-soption should b e used to specify that a smaller set of les be

placed on the recovery system.

See

mkrs

1M for more options with

mkrs

Source Device Files

By default,

mkrs

uses the following device les:

/dev/update.src

/dev/rct/c0

/dev/rct

If none of the ab ove defaults exist on the system,

becreated

or the-foption must be used to specify the device le to be used.

one of these device les must

The recovery device le can be either a blo ckoracharacter device le.

Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software 5-3

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Root Device Files

mkrs

,by default, uses the following device les for the root device:

/dev/dsk/0s0

/dev/root

/dev/hd

If none of the ab o

be created or the

The ro ot device le m

ve defaults exist on the system, one of these device les m

-r

option must be used to specify the device le to be used.

ust be a blo c

k device le.

ust

If You Have a Problem

An error message results if:

None of the default device les for the reco

is not used to specify a reco

None of the default device les for the ro ot device exist and the -r option is

very device le.

very device exist and the -f option

not used to specify a ro ot device le.

The machine type cannot be determined and the -m option is not used to

specify the machine type.

Backing Up Your File Systems

Preparation:

The following procedure sets up a scheduled backup:

1. If your system is more than six months old, you have non-HP supported

software, or you have never done a backup before, see

TasksorInstal ling and Updating HP-UX 9.0

before pro ceeding. Otherwise,

System Administration

SAM will provide interactive guidance. To use SAM, do the following:

2. Log in as

3. Type

Choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Automated Backups

root

/usr/bin/sam

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Backup and Recovery

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Backup Devices

from the opening menu.

(to determine what backup devices are connected)

5-4 Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

If you opened

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Backup Devices

, and no devices are sho

the device is connected and the tap e is inserted.

wn, make sure

Note

b. Choose the entry for the desired device.

Choose

If you go directly to

remote backup device from

or Remote)

If you have to connect a device during this process, c

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Refresh

from the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Options

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Add an Automated Backup

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Automated Backups

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Specify Backup Device

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Actions

menu.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

from the

,you can select your local or

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Add an Automated Backup

Actions

menu.

. A form will displayany existing

hoose

backup devices.

2. Before initiating the backup, verify that your tape is

not

write-protected by

checking that the write-protect device is in \writable" position.

3. Load a tape into the tap e drive. Dep ending on what tap e driveyou are

using, you may see activity lights ashing while the tap e is loading. Y

proceed when one light remains on, indicating that the driv

e is ready to

accept data.

From the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Add an Automated Backup

screen, you can select the options

which will bring up additional forms for specifying the following required

items:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Select Backup Device

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Select Backup Scope

is to backup the entire system.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Select Backup Time

(if you have not already specied it).

: what lesets to include or exclude. The default

: time, day, date. You can also set whether you

want a full or incremental backup, for each time specication.

(Local

ou can

Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software 5-5

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Additional Parameters

(optional) allows you to specify the follo

wing:

a. If you wantyour backups to cross NFS moun

b. If you want the tape (cartridge or auto c

c. If you want an index log to be created for eac

mailed to a specied user).

6. After the minimum required forms are lled out, SAM will then use

your specied tape device to complete the bac

specications.

t points.

hanger) rewound.

h backup. (Results can be

kup according to y

our

5-6 Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Restoring Individual Files

To restore sp ecied les from a local device using SAM, rst y

have the following information and materials:

A list of les y

The media on whic

The lo cation on y

ou need.

h the data resides.

our system to restore the les (original location or relative

to some other lo cation).

The device and device le for restoring the data.

Note

To restore data to disks physically connected to another

system, enter the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Remote Administration

of SAM.

When restoring les that are NFS mounted to your system,

frecover

write permission. The

operates in

root

exported from the NFS server, login as

server and use the

can only restore those les having \other user"

frecover

user

-mode when crossing NFS mount points; not

-mode. To ensure that

command normally

frecover

can restore the les

root

root=

option to the

/usr/etc/exportfs

command to export the correct p ermissions. Refer to

exportfs

Administering NFS Services

(1M) in the

HP-UX Reference

manual.

and the

ou will need to

functional area

on the NFS le

Instal ling and

To restore individual les:

1. Ensure that you have

root

capabilities.

2. Run SAM; type:

/usr/bin/sam

Choose

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Backup and Recovery

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Backup Devices

5. Highlight the device in the list from which the data is to be restored.

Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software 5-7

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

NNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Actions

or press

Choose

highlight

Choose the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Recover Files or Directories

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Select Recovery Scope

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Selected Files

Do either of the follo

from the

. Clickon

checkbox (it should have an asterisk (*) in it.

wing:

Fill in the lename containing a list of les to restore. The lenames

should b e full pathnames. This le is

to create a graph le. Y

a previous backup, but it m

ou can use the on-line index le created b

ust be edited to con

not

a graph le. This le is used

taining only the full

pathnames of the les to be restored.

menu and

Return

Or enter each le name in the \Included" and \Excluded" bo

NNNNNNNNNNN

Add

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Modify

.Ifyou make a mistake, highlight the entry with the error and use

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Remove

to correct the mistake. Only the \Included" b o

xes and click

xis

required, if you choose this method.

You can use b oth the le and the included/excluded metho d

simultaneously to sp ecify les to be restored.

When you have completed determining the selected les to be reco

clickon

NNNNNNNN

vered,

5-8 Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

8. Todoany of the following during the restore process, activ

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Set Additional Parameters

Overwrite new les.

Maintain original ownership.

Recover les using full path name, or

ate

Place les in a non-root directory

Turn on the appropriate c

heckbox(es).

To restore les relative to a particular directory

, ll in the directory

NNNNNNNN

Choose

to set the additional parameters.

NNNNNNNN

to start the restore pro cess.

NNNNNNNN

If conrmation messages appear, read the message(s) and c

hoose

proceed in each case. SAM displays a screen containing the output of the

executed

frecover

command.

Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software 5-9

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Restoring Your Operating System Using the Recov

Tape

ery

If your operating system or the en

usable, you can restore your system using y

tire ro ot disk becomes corrupted and not

our recovery system tap e and y

our

archive backup tape(s). Also see \Booting the Mo del 742i" in Appendix B for

information on using the Boot R

If your operating system is still usable but not functioning correctly

load the leset

TOOL

from an up date tape to obtain diagnostic utilities,

You can boot a memory-based v

from the tape cartridge or DDS-format reco

From the recovery system, you can mount and unmount le systems, run

OM to nd and b oot from a reco

ersion of

/hp-ux

(known as a

recovery system

very tape whichyou have made.

very tape.

,you can

)

fsck

to check and repair le systems, copy les backonto your system disk, and

various other tasks.

Caution

Do not run

fsck

on a le system that is mounted and active.

This could introduce data corruption. Run

fsck

in single-user

mode when checking the root le system. For le systems other

than the ro ot le system, unmount the le system, run

fsck

and then remount the le system.

If your system disk (including

1. Verify that the recovery tape is

/SYSBCKUP

not

write protected. HP-UX needs to have

)isunbootable, do the following:

write access to your recovery tape when you bo ot it.

2. Load the recovery tape in your tape drive and b e sure that the driveis

turned on.

3. Wait for the drive to become ready (the \busy" light remains o ).

4. Reset your computer by turning it o and then back on. Boot the system

and pause the bo ot process by pressing

after the computer performs its

ESC

color self-test and prompts for bo ot selection.

5-10 Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

5. At the boot selection screen, select the operating system that is on the tap e

drive as the one y

ou want to bo ot from. F

or example, for the tap e driv

...

P1 scsi.3.0 HP35450A

...

Enterband the

devicespecication

device

specication

6. Your recovery system should begin loading from the tap e. Once y

, suchasP1:

our

recovery system is up and running you will have a minimum set of

commands to use, in order to help y

ou repair and restore your primary

(disk-based) operating system.

7. From this point, the specic things you need to do to recover your primary

system depend on the nature of the b oot problem. Some of the things that

you might need to do are outlined in the follo

Note

If your inability to boot your system is caused by faulty

hardware, it will be necessary to ha

wing list:

ve that hardware repaired

before you can pro ceed with the items in this list.

a. You might need to run the

Do so in single-user mode only

b. The

/hp-ux

kernel le can be restored, if it has b een corrupted or

fsck

program to repair your ro ot le system.

removed, by doing the following:

i. Mounting your system disk to an empty directory (make one if

necessary) in your memory-based recovery system.

ii. Using thecpcommand to copy the

memory-based system (it is a copyofyour

/hp-ux

le from your

real

/hp-ux

le) to the

directory you used as a mount point for your system disk. The

destination le should be called

hp-ux

Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software 5-11

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

c. You might need to restore important system les suc

/etc/rc

procedure for doing this is almost iden

/hp-ux

d. You might also need to mo

, etc. from your memory-based system to y

tical to the procedure for restoring

. Only the le names and directories will be dieren

ve, remove, copy, or search for other les.

has

/etc/inittab

our system disk. The

Note that the memory-based system has limited capabilities. Y

ob jective is to restore y

then rebo ot y

our computer from your system disk. From that point, you can

recover lost les from bac

our disk-based system to a bootable condition and

kup tap es, or whatev

er else is necessary to restore

our primary

your system to its normal operational condition.

For More Information

For more information on backup and recovery, see

HP-UX 9.0,System Administration Tasks

cpio

(1), and

tcio

(1) in the

man

pages. Also see,

, and the references for

Installing and Updating

mkrs

(1m),

Solving HP-UX Problems

5-12 Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Dealing With Problems

Chapter Contents

Interpreting the LED Indicators.

Managing a Boot Failure.

Recovering from a System Panic.

Dealing with Network Failures.

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Dealing With Problems 6-1

Interpreting the LED Indicators

There are eight diagnostic LEDs, whic

Model 742i. The normal indications of these LEDs during operation are giv

hyou can view on the fron

t panel of the

in Table 3-1.

Abnormal bo ot indications are giv

which might happen during bo ot, including hardw

en in Table 6-1. These refer to conditions

are failures,

before

HP-UX is

running:

Table 6-1. Hardware-Error LED Indications

Self-Test LED

Error Display













Hex

Code

Assembly Replacement Priority

1. System b oard

Possible

1. System b oard

5F 1. Boot ROM

2. System b oard

60 1. RAM in rear RAM slot

2. System b oard



61 1. RAM in front RAM slot

2. System b oard





1. System b oard

2. RAM board

3. RAM conguration

4. RAM pair mismatch or System

board(7C-7D)



81 1. System board

6-2 Dealing With Problems

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

2. Mass storage device at SCSI addressnin

0.0n00.81

Table 6-1. Hardware-Error LED Indications (continued)

Self-Test LED

Error Display

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hex

Code

1. System b oard

2. If

3. If

4. If

Assembly Replacement Priority

0x0006.82

LAN cable or server.

0x0000.84

0x0000.85

5. Operating system

93 1. BPN Server

2. VME converter b oard

9F 1. System board

AC 1. System board

2. VME converter b oard

B1 1. EEPROM

2. System b oard

B6 1. RAM board

2. System b oard

B4 System b oard

B7 System Board

B9 1. EEPROM

2. System b oard

1. System b oard

2. If

0x000D.E2

battery.

3. Operating system

Possible

through

0x000A.82

,check

,check \A" serial connection.

,check \B" serial connection.

, set RTC clo ckorcheck

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Dealing With Problems 6-3

Table 6-1. Hardware-Error LED Indications (continued)

Self-Test LED

Error Display







Hex

Code

Assembly Replacement Priority

System board

Possible

EC 1. VME converter board

2. Motherboard

Table 6-2. Operating-System Error LED Indications

Self-Test LED

Error Display



Hex

Code

Operating System Problem

Possible

02 ISL cannot nd an auto execute le. Autobo ot

aborted.







03 No console found. ISL will attempt autobo ot.

05 Directory of utilities is to o big (>2Kbytes).

06 Autoexecute le is inconsistent. Autobo ot

aborted.















08 Auto input error.

09 CMD utility too long.

12 Error reading auto execute le.

13 Error reading from console.

14 Error writing to console.

15 Not an ISL command or utility.

16 Utility le header inconsistent. Invalid system

ID.





17 Error reading utility le header.

18 Utility le header inconsistent. Bad magic

number.





19 Utility would overlay ISL in memory.

1A Utility requires more memory than is

congured.

6-4 Dealing With Problems

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Table 6-2. Operating-System Error LED Indications (continued)

Self-Test LED

Error Display

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hex

Code

Operating System Problem

Possible

1B Error reading utilityinto memory.

1C Incorrect checksum. Reading utility in

memory.

1D System console needed.

1E Internal inconsistency.Invalid b oot device class.

23 Internal inconsistency: IODC ENTRY

24 Internal inconsistency: IODC ENTRY

INIT.

INIT

console.

25 Internal inconsistency: IODC ENTRY INIT

boot device.

26 Utility le header inconsistent: bad aux id.

27 Bad utility le type.

28 Bad fastsize.

29 Batch le read.

2A No batch le.

2B Batch input error.

2C Bad batch le.

2D EST le read.

2E No EST le.

2F EST input error.

30 Bad EST le.

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Dealing With Problems 6-5

Managing a Boot Failure

The bo ot program is located in the Boot R

Here are some things to c

heck if something has gone wrong at this poin

OM of your Model 742i.

t in the

boot process:

Boot Program Initializes Hardware

Problems during this rst stage of the bo ot pro cess are rare. A

problems can b e caused b

t this stage

No power to the system (checkyour building's circuit breakers and the power

connections to your system equipment)

Processor hardware failure (see Table 6-1, in this chapter).

Interface card hardware failure.

Model 742i isn't fully plugged in its VME slot.

LAN MAU connector is lo ose.

Incorrectly connected SCSI cable.

Turn o the power to the Mo del 742i (leav

eany external disks p owered up and

running). Wait ve or ten seconds and turn the p ower to the system back on.

If the problem recurs, record the symptoms, the status of an

y indicators

(especially any LED displays) on your pro cessor, and any messages that appear

on your system console.

At this stage in the boot process, most of the problems that o ccur require y

our

hardware to be serviced by a person trained and qualied to do so.

Selecting an Alternate Operating System

If your hardware is functioning correctly, but your usual b oot device (such

as the root disk) is not responding as it should, you can select an alternate

available bo ot device manually by following these steps:

1. Check the LED co des (Table 6-1) to see if there is a hardware problem, or if

there is an operating system loading problem (Table 6-2).

2. Turn o the power to your Model 742i, and then turn it back on.

6-6 Dealing With Problems

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

3. Press

at the prompt for stopping the b oot selection process.

ESC

4. You will see the follo

wing messages:

Terminating selection process.

...

Searching for potential boot devices.

To terminate search, press and hold the ESCAPE key.

Device Selection Device Path Device Type and Utilities

------------------------------------------------------------

Your system searches for devices that may hold an alternate HP-UX. As the

devices are found, they appear in a list, suc

h as the following example:

P0 scsi.6.0 QUANTUM PD210s

P1 scsi.5.0 QUANTUM PDS210s

P2 scsi.2.0 TOSHIBA CD-ROM DRIVE:XM

P3 lan.123456-789abc homebase

This pro cess may take several minutes. You can terminate the searchatany

time by pressing

5. If two devices are set to the same SCSI bus address, the searc

when it nds the duplicate. If this happens, y

address of one of the devices. (Use the

ESC

h terminates

ou must change the SCSI bus

Instal lation Guide

for the device to

guide you in changing its jumper or switch settings.)

6. If you are running a disked system and no disk devices are found, then y

mayhave a hardware installation problem. In this case, you should recheck

the connection to the SCSI devices and try the bo ot again. If this still

results in no devices b eing listed, contact your HP service representative for

assistance.

7. A successful search will result in the following list of possible actions being

displayed:

b) Boot from specified device

s) Search for bootable devices

Dealing With Problems 6-7

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

a) Enter boot administration mode

x) Exit and continue boot sequence

?) Help

Select from menu:

8. If the search locates a disk, en

from that device. For example, for a SCSI disk device listed as item

enter the following after \

bP0

Return

Boot messages should begin to appear on the screen after sev

For detailed help in troubleshooting the bo ot process, see

Problems

the Model 742i" in Appendix B, in this man

.For additional detail about Bo ot ROM conguration, see \Booting

terbwith the device selection n

Select from menu:

ual.

umber to boot

eral seconds.

Solving HP-UX

6-8 Dealing With Problems

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Recovering from a System P

anic

In HP-UX terms, a system panic simply means that the op erating system

encountered a condition that it did not kno

whow to resp ond to, so it halted

your system .

System panics are rare and not alwa

sometimes occur at b oot if y

our system was previously not shut down properly.

Sometimes they occur as the result of a hardw

environment, a diskless client no de will panic if to o m

since its last comm

unication with its server. This could b e the result of nothing

ys the result of a catastrophe. They

are failure. In a clustered

uch time has elapsed

more than a LAN cable that has been disconnected for too long.

Recovering from a system panic can b e as simple as reb ooting y

our system. If

you have an up-to-date set of le system backup or system recovery tapes, the

worst case

scenario would involve reinstalling HP-UX and restoring any les

that were lost or corrupted. If this situation was caused by a rare hardware

failure such as a disk head crash, you will, of course, haveto have the hardware

xed before you can p erform the reinstallation.

Note

It is important to maintain an up-to-date backup of the les

on your system so that, in the event of a disk head crash or

similar situation, you can recover your data. How frequently

you update these backups depends on howmuch data you can

aord to lose. For information on how to back up data, refer to

System Administration Tasks

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Dealing With Problems 6-9

Should your system have this problem, it is imp ortant to record and categorize

the circumstances asso ciated with the panic:

Summary Checklist of Possible Causes of Panics

Problem

Some Corrective Actions:

Area

Hardware If the failure appears to be associated with the p eripheral:

Check the integrity of the cable connections.

Ensure that the peripheral is online.

If the above did not correct the problem, the failure maybe

associated with the System Processing Unit. In this case, call

your designated service representative.

File System Run the le system checker,

the instructions that

fsck

any subsequent reboots required by

System Problems," in

fsck

, to correct the problem. Follow

may give, and use the-noption with

fsck

. See Chapter 6 \File

Solving HP-UX Problems

for detailed

information.

LAN Ensure the integrity of all LAN connections, including taps in an

AUI cable. Check for prop er 50 ohm terminations at both ends of

the LAN.

Other Reboot the system

6-10 Dealing With Problems

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Procedures for Recovering from a System P

anic

Step 1: Note the P

Record the panic message displa

Step 2: Categorize the P

The panic message will tell y

anic Message

yed on the system console.

anic Message

ou why HP-UX panicked. Sometimes panic

messages refer to internal structures of HP-UX (or its le systems) and the

cause might not b e ob

categories, and wording of the message should allo

vious. Generally, the problem is in one of the follo

wyou to classify it in

wing

to one

of them:

Category Action Step Number

Hardware Failure Step 3a

File System Corrupted Step 3b

LAN Communication Problem Step 3c

Other Situations Step 3d

Step 3a: Recovery from Hardware Failure

If the panic message indicated a hardware failure, the text or context of the

message should indicate what piece of hardware failed.

If the hardware failure appears to b e asso ciated with a peripheral, c

hecktobe

sure that its cables are tightly connected to their prop er locations and that the

device is p owered on and in an \online" state. If there is an error indicated on

the device's display:

1. Keep a log bo ok and record error messages in it.

2. Turn the device o.

3. If the device is a disk drive, wait for it to stop spinning.

4. Turn the device back on.

Dealing With Problems 6-11

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

If the problem reappears on the device or if the hardw

be associated with an in

module, you should refer the problem to y

terface card or an in

our HP service representative.

ternal comp onent of the system

are failure appears to

Proceed to Step 4 (\Rebo oting Y

our System").

Step 3b: Recovering from a File System Problem

If the panic message indicates a problem with one of y

will need to run the le system c

hecker

fsck

(1m) to check and correct the

our le systems, you

problem(s). This is normally done automatically at boot time (from the

/etc/rc

all directions that

with the \/" directory) that has the problem

option to the

le) so you should pro ceed to step 4 (reb ooting y

fsck

gives you

especially if it is your root le system (the one

. It is important to use the \

reboot

(1m) command if requested to do so by

our system). Follow

-n

fsck

during any

subsequent reboot.

Step 3c: Recovering from a LAN Communication Problem

If the panic messages indicates a problem with LAN comm

unication (suchas

when a diskless cluster client node is prevented from communication for too

long), check all LAN cable connections to be sure of the following:

All connectors are tightly fastened to the LAN cable and the media access

units (MAU's).

LAN is assembled correctly and does not exceed recommended lengths. If

you use an AUI, the LAN must be connected

directly

to the MAU with no

intervening length of cable between the MAUonyour Mo del 742i to the

LAN tee.

Your LAN is properly terminated.

Proceed to step 4 (rebo oting your system).

Step 3d: Recovering from Other Situations

When you susp ect the problem was something other than the above (or when

you do not know where to classify it), pro ceed to step 4 \

system

text

." In this case, it is

especially

important that you write down the

of the panic message, just in case you need it for future troubleshooting or

Rebooting your

exact

help from HP service p ersonnel.

6-12 Dealing With Problems

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Step 4: Rebooting Your System

Once you havechecked for and corrected an

ready to reboot y

our system. You can rebo ot y

button on the panel of the Model 742i. Otherwise, y

y problems from Step 3, y

our system using the TOC

ou can turn the system o

ou are

and then back on to initiate the b oot sequence.

You will probably notice a few dierences in b oot b eha

your normal bo ot sequence. Y

our system mightsave a \core" le to disk. This

core le is a \snapshot" of the previously running k

panicked. If it becomes necessary

, this core le can be analyzed using special

vior as compared with

ernel at the time that it

tools to determine more about what caused the panic.

Note

Core les are quite large and are saved to the directory

/tmp/syscore

.Ifyou feel you need to save these les for

future analysis (something that isn't usually required), it is

best to save them to tape and remove them from your le

system in order to free up space. If you

know

whyyour system

panicked, you can delete the core les; it is unnecessary to k

them. The core les are used in rare circumstances to diagnose

hard-to-nd causes of system panics.

If the reason your system panicked was because of a corrupted le system,

fsck

will report the errors and any corrections it makes. If the problems were

associated with your root le system,

fsck

will ask you to rebo ot your system

when it's nished. When you do this, use the command:

eep

reboot -n

The-noption tells reboot

fsck

has made all the corrections on disk, you do not want to undo the

not

to sync the le system before rebo oting. Since

changes by writing over them with the corrupt memory buers.

Dealing With Problems 6-13

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Step 5: Monitor the system closely

If your system successfully bo ots, there is a goo d c

normal operations. Many system panics are isolated ev

reoccur.

Checkyour applications to b e sure that they are running properly and (for a

day or so) monitor the system closely

backups more frequently until you are condent that the system is functioning

properly.

For Further Information

Refer to

further information on operating-system related problems.

To restore a corrupted op erating system, see the procedures for restoring in

Chapter 5 of this manual.

Solving HP-UX Problems

...

.For a short while, y

and to

System Administration Tasks

hance that you can resume

ents and are unlikely to

ou mightwantto do

for

6-14 Dealing With Problems

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Dealing with Network Failures

If the program you have been running uses resources from a lo cal area net

and it stops unexp ectedly

, the following may help lo cate the source of the

problem:

Table 6-3. Problems with the Netw

ork

Problem Action

No systems respond to the

/etc/ping

hostname

command.

Your system does not

respond to

/etc/ping

from

another system on the

network.

Some systems respond to

/etc/ping

, but others do

not.

Check the network connection on the panel

of your Mo del 742i. Mak

e sure that the

cable is securely fastened to the connector.

Check to see if the networking software is

still running on your system. Use

do so. If it is not running, restart it b

logging onto your system as

running

/etc/rc

root

ps -ef

and

Contact your network administrator, if you

have one. This condition either indicates

that some systems are down, or that there

is a fault with the network.

work

Dealing With Problems 6-15

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Installing Additional Memory

Appendix Contents

RAM Replacement Contents.

Tools Required.

Planning for Installation of the RAM Upgrade

Installing the RAM Upgrade.

Verifying the Upgrade.

Installing Additional Memory A-1

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

RAM Replacement Contents

The RAM replacements for the Model 742i are as follo

HP A2816A; two 8 MB RAM boards that add a 16 MB bloc

HP A2829A; two 16 MB RAM boards that add a 32 MB bloc

HP A2827A; two 32 MB RAM boards that add a 64 MB bloc

This Appendix is a general guide to RAM installation. Also be sure to read the

Instal lation Guide

installation pro cedure.

Note

that comes with your upgrade before proceeding with an

Be sure to use the anti-static grounding strap which is provided

with the RAM upgrade.

ws:

k of memory.

A-2 Installing Additional Memory

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Planning for Installation of the RAM

Determining Existing Memory

Follow these steps to determine ho

has:

1. If your system is op erating, sh

normal shutdown procedures (see \Sh

Chapter 3, in this man

2. When

Then turn it on.

3. Note the amount of memory listed when the Boot R

memory line, such as the following example:

4. Write down the current amount of memory on your system: RAM

RAM Board Installation Requirements

Boards must b e installed in pairs; each b oard must be the same size.

shutdown

16 MB of memory have been configured

ual).

has completed, turn o your host workstation or card cage.

Bytes.

wmuch memory your Mo del 742i already

ut down the op erating system follo

utting Down Your System" in

OM display shows the

wing

Installing Additional Memory A-3

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Installing the RAM Replacement P

airs

Caution

A static charge of almost

40,000 volts

carpeted o or. This exceeds the limits of these RAM boards

and can cause unsuccessful op eration or damage.

Integrated circuits on printed circuit boards can b e damaged

by electrostatic discharge. Use the following precautions before

working with the Mo del 742i b oard or the RAM modules:

Use the grounding wrist strap supplied with this upgrade.

Follow the instructions printed on the strap's package.

Do not wear clothing sub ject to static charge buildup, such

as wool or synthetic materials.

Do not handle integrated circuits in carp eted areas.

Do not remove the device from its anti-static bag until you

are ready to install it.

Avoid touching circuit leads as much as p ossible.

1. Before you start:

a. Shut down the operating system.

b. Turn o the host workstation or the card cage power.

can be generated on a

2. When you are facing the front panel of the Mo del 742i, use a at-blade

screwdriver to remove the four screws at the corners of the panel.

3. Spread the two handles in the front panel. This will have the action of

extracting the Mo del 742i board out of its rear connector.

4. Pull the board out of the workstation or cage and place it on a static-free

surface.

A-4 Installing Additional Memory

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

5. Identify the existing RAM boards b

y their part numbers:

a. 98236-66522; 4 MB board.

b. 98236-66524; 8 MB b oard.

c. A2576-60001; 16 MB b oard.

d. A2575-60001; 32 MB b oard.

6. Spread the clips holding one of the RAM boards in place,

7. Raise the RAM b oard to and angle of 45With your ngers near the middle

of the raised edge of the b oard, pull it gen

tly away from you until it is free.

8. Repeat this for the other RAM board.

To insert one new b oard of the pair y

ou are replacing:

1. Note the RAM board is notched at one end to t the keyed connector.

2. Place the rst RAM board y

ou will install in an empty slot with the labelled

side up, the notchtoyour left and the contacts facing you. Avoid touching

the RAM board contacts.

3. Holding the board at the outer (non-con

tact) edge with the lab el side up,

place it in one of the memory RAM slots at a 45angle to the system

board.

4. Snap the RAM board in place bymoving it to the horizontal. Its ends will

snap into the slot's spring clips.

5. Install the second RAM board.

6. Re-install the system mo dule in the workstation or cardcage by pushing it

backinto its slot until it snaps in place.

Replace the four screws in the Mo del 742i fron

t panel.

Installing Additional Memory A-5

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

Verifying the Installation

Follow these steps to v

1. Turn on the p o

2. Note the amount of RAM in b

amount of memory y

your memory installation.

erify your RAM upgrade for y

wer to your host workstation or card cage.

ou upgraded to should b e displa

ytes listed in the po

our Mo del 742i:

wer-up display. The

yed. If it is not, c

heck

A-6 Installing Additional Memory

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.5 in

HP (Hewlett-Packard) 742i User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual