HP 1660cs schematic

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User’s Guide

Publication Number 01660-97017 First Edition, November 1995

For Safety Information, Warranties, and Regulatory Information, see the pages at the end of this manual.

HP 1660CS-Series Logic Analyzers

The HP 1660CS-series logic analyzers are 100-MHz state/500-MHz timing logic analyzers and 1 GSa/s digitizing oscilloscopes.

Logic Analyzer Features

• 130 data channels and 6 clock/data channels in the HP 1660CS

• 96 data channels and 6 clock/data channels in the HP 1661CS

• 64 data channels and 4 clock/data channels in the HP 1662CS

• 32 data channels and 2 clock/data channels in the HP 1663CS

• 3.5-inch flexible disk drive and 540 MB hard disk drive

• HP-IB, RS-232-C, and Centronics interfaces

• Variable setup/hold time

• 4 K memory on all channels with 8 K in half-channel mode

• Marker measurements

• 12 levels of trigger sequencing for state and 10 levels of trigger

sequencing for timing

• 100 MHz time tagging and number-of-states tagging

• Full programmability

• DIN mouse and keyboard support

Oscilloscope Features

• 8000 samples per channel

• Automatic pulse parameters

displays time between markers, acquires until specified time between markers is captured, performs statistical analysis on time between markers

• Lightweight miniprobes

Options include Ethernet LAN Interface, Programmer’s Guide, and Service Guide

In This Book

The Logic An alyzer at a Glance

This User’s Guide shows you how to use the HP 1660CS-series logic analyzer. It contains measurement examples, field and feature definitions, and a basic service guide. Refer to this manual for information on what the menu fields do and how they are used. This manual covers all HP 1660CS-series analyzers.

The User’s Guide is divided into four parts. The first part, chapters 1 through 4, covers general product information you need to use the logic analyzer. The second part, chapters 5 and 6, contains detailed examples to help you use your analyzer in performing complex measurements. The third part, chapters 7 through 9, contains reference information on the hardware and software, including the analyzer menus and how they are used. There are sections for each analyzer menu and a separate chapter on System Performance Analysis. The fourth part, chapters 10 through 12, provides a basic service guide.

Connecting Peripherals

Using the Logic Analyzer

Using the Trigger Menu

Triggering Examples

File Management

Reference

System Performance Analysis

(SPA) Software

Concepts

Troubleshooting

Specifications

Operator’s Service

Glossary

Index

iii

Introduction

1 Logic Analyzer Overview

To make a measurement 1–4

2 Connecting Peripherals

To connect a mouse 2–3 To connect a keyboard 2–4 To connect to an HP-IB printer 2–5 To connect to an RS-232-C printer 2–7 To connect to a parallel printer 2–8 To connect to a controller 2–9

3 Using the Logic Analyzer

Accessing the Menus 3–3

To access the System menus 3–4 To access the Analyzer menus 3–6 To access the Scope menus 3–8

Using the Analyzer Menus 3–10

To label channel groups 3–10 To create a symbol 3–12 To examine an analyzer waveform 3–14 To examine an analyzer listing 3–16 To compare two listings 3–18

The Inverse Assembler 3–20

To use an inverse assembler 3–20

Contents

4 Using the Trigger Menu

Specifying a Basic Trigger 4–3

To assign terms to an analyzer 4–4 To define a term 4–5 To change the trigger specification 4–6

Changing the Trigger Sequence 4–7

To add sequence levels 4–8 To change macros 4–9

Setting Up Time Correlation between Analyzers 4–10

To set up time correlation between two state analyzers 4–11 To set up time correlation between a timing and a state analyzer 4–11

Arming and Additional Instruments 4–12

To arm another instrument 4–12 To arm the oscilloscope with the analyzer 4–13 To receive an arm signal from another instrument 4–15

Managing Memory 4–16

To selectively store branch conditions (State only) 4–17 To place the trigger in memory 4–18 To set the sampling rates (Timing only) 4–19

5 Triggering Examples

Single-Machine Trigger Examples 5–3

To store and time the execution of a subroutine 5–4 To trigger on the nth iteration of a loop 5–6 To trigger on the nth recursive call of a recursive function 5–8 To trigger on entry to a function 5–10 To capture a write of known bad data to a particular variable 5–11 To trigger on a loop that occasionally runs too long 5–12 To verify correct return from a function call 5–13 To trigger after all status bus lines finish transitioning 5–14 To find the nth assertion of a chip select line 5–15 To verify that the chip select line is strobed after the address is stable 5–16 To trigger when expected data does not appear when requested 5–17 To test minimum and maximum pulse limits 5–18 To detect a handshake violation 5–20 To detect bus contention 5–21

Contents

Cross-Arming Trigger Examples 5–22

To examine software execution when a timing violation occurs 5–23 To look at control and status signals during execution of a routine 5–24 To detect a glitch 5–25 To capture the waveform of a glitch 5–26 To view your target system processing an interrupt 5–27 To trigger timing analysis of a count-down on a set of data lines 5–28 To monitor two coprocessors in a target system 5–29

Special displays 5–30

To interleave trace lists 5–31 To view trace lists and waveforms on the same display 5–32

vii

Contents

6 File Management

Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive 6–3

To save a configuration 6–4 To load a configuration 6–6 To save a listing in ASCII format 6–7 To save a screen’s image 6–8 To load additional software 6–9

7 Reference

Configuration Capabilities 7–3

Probing 7–5

General-purpose probing system description 7–8 Oscilloscope probes 7–11 Assembling the probing system 7–12

Keyboard Shortcuts 7–16

Moving the cursor 7–16 Entering data into a menu 7–17 Using the keyboard overlays 7–17

Common Menu Fields 7–18

Print field 7–19 Run/Stop field 7–20 Roll fields 7–21

Disk Drive Operations 7–22

Disk operations 7–22 Autoload 7–24 Format 7–24 Pack 7–24 Load and Store 7–25

viii

The RS-232-C, HP-IB, and Centronics Interfaces 7–26

The HP-IB interface 7–27 The RS-232-C interface 7–27 The Centronics interface 7–28

System Utilities 7–29

Real Time Clock Adjustments field 7–29 Update FLASH ROM field 7–29 Shade adjustments 7–30

The Analyzer Configuration Menu 7–31

Type field 7–31 Illegal configuration 7–31

Contents

The Analyzer Format Menu 7–32

Pod threshold field 7–32 State. acquisition modes (state only) 7–32 Timing acquisition modes (timing only) 7–33 Clock Inputs display 7–34 Pod clock field (State only) 7–34 Master and Slave Clock fields (State only) 7–37 Symbols field 7–40 Label fields 7–41 Label polarity fields 7–42

The Analyzer Trigger Menu 7–43

Trigger sequence levels 7–43 Modify trigger field 7–43 Timing trigger macro library 7–44 State trigger macro library 7–46 Modifying the user macro 7–48 Resource terms 7–51 Arming Control field 7–54 Acquisition Control field 7–56 Count field (State only) 7–57

Contents

The Analyzer Listing Menu 7–58

Markers 7–58

The Analyzer Waveform Menu 7–60

sec/Div field 7–60 Accumulate field 7–60 Delay field 7–60 Waveform label field 7–61 Waveform display 7–62

The Analyzer Mixed Display Menu 7–63

Interleaving state listings 7–63 Time-correlated displays 7–64 Markers 7–64

The Analyzer Chart Menu 7–65

Min and Max scaling fields 7–66 Markers/Range field 7–66

The Analyzer Compare Menu 7–67

Reference Listing field 7–68 Difference Listing field 7–68 Copy Listing to Reference field 7–69 Find Error field 7–69 Compare Full/Compare Partial field 7–69 Mask field 7–70 Bit Editing field 7–70

Oscilloscope Common Menus 7–71

Run/Stop options 7–71 Autoscale 7–72 Time base 7–73

The Scope Channel Menu 7–74

Offset field 7–74 Probe field 7–75 Coupling field 7–75 Preset field 7–75

The Scope Display Menu 7–76

Mode field 7–76 Connect Dots field 7–77 Grid field 7–77 Display Options field 7–78

The Scope Trigger Menu 7–79

Trigger marker 7–79 Mode/Arm menu 7–79 Level field 7–81 Source field 7–82 Slope field 7–83 Count field 7–83 Auto-Trig field 7–84 When field 7–85 Count field 7–87

Contents

The Scope Marker Menu 7–88

Manual time markers options 7–88 Automatic time markers options 7–90 Manual/Automatic Time Markers option 7–94 Voltage Markers options 7–94 Channel Label field 7–96

The Scope Auto Measure Menu 7–97

Input field 7–97 Automatic measurements display 7–97 Automatic measurement algorithms 7–99

Contents

8 System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software

System Performance Analysis Software 8–2

What is System Performance Analysis? 8–4 Getting started 8–6 SPA measurement processes 8–8 Using State Overview, State Histogram, and Time Interval 8–21 Using SPA with other features 8–30

9 Concepts

The File System 9–3

Directories 9–4 File types 9–5

Transitional Mode Theory 9–7

125-MHz transitional mode 9–7 250-MHz transitional mode 9–8 Other transitional timing considerations 9–11

The Trigger Sequence 9–12

Trigger sequence specification 9–13 Analyzer resources 9–15 Timing analyzer 9–18 State analyzer 9–18

Configuration Translation Between HP Logic Analyzers 9–19

The Analyzer Hardware 9–21

HP 1660CS-series analyzer theory 9–22 Logic acquisition board theory 9–25 Oscilloscope board theory 9–28

Self-tests description 9–32

xii

10 Troubleshooting

Analyzer Problems 10–3

Intermittent data errors 10–3 Unwanted triggers 10–3 No activity on activity indicators 10–4 Capacitive loading 10–4 No trace list display 10–4

Preprocessor Problems 10–5

Target system will not boot up 10–5 Slow clock 10–6 Erratic trace measurements 10–7

Contents

Inverse Assembler Problems 10–8

No inverse assembly or incorrect inverse assembly 10–8 Inverse assembler will not load or run 10–9

Error Messages 10–10

". . . Inverse Assembler Not Found" 10–10 "No Configuration File Loaded" 10–10 "Selected File is Incompatible" 10–10 "Slow or Missing Clock" 10–11 "Waiting for Trigger" 10–11 "Must have at least 1 edge specified" 10–12 "Time correlation of data is not possible" 10–12 "Maximum of 32 channels per label" 10–12 "Timer is off in sequence level n where it is used" 10–13 "Timer is specified in sequence, but never started" 10–13 "Inverse assembler not loaded - bad object code." 10–13 "Measurement Initialization Error" 10–14 "Warning: Run HALTED due to variable change" 10–14

xiii

Contents

11 Specifications

Accessories 11–2 Specifications (logic analyzer) 11–3 Specifications (oscilloscope) 11–4 Characteristics (logic analyzer) 11–5 Characteristics (oscilloscope) 11–5 Supplemental characteristics (logic analyzer) 11–6 Supplemental characteristics (oscilloscope) 11–9 Operating environment 11–13

12 Operator’s Service

Preparing For Use 12–3

To inspect the logic analyzer 12–4 To apply power 12–4 To set the line voltage 12–5 To degauss the display 12–6 To clean the logic analyzer 12–6 To test the logic analyzer 12–6

Calibrating the oscilloscope 12–7

Set up the equipment 12–7 Load the default calibration factors 12–8 Self Cal menu calibrations 12–9

Troubleshooting 12–11

To use the flowcharts 12–12 To check the power-up tests 12–14 To run the self-tests 12–15 To test the auxiliary power 12–22

xiv

Logic Analyzer Overview

HP 1660CS-Series Logic Analyzer

Select Key

The Select key action depends on the type of field currently highlighted. If the field is an option field, the Select key brings up an option menu or, if there are only two possible values, toggles the value in the field. If the highlighted field performs a function, the Select key starts the function.

Done Key

The Done key saves assignments and closes pop-up menus. In some fields, its action is the same as the Select key.

Shift Key

The shift key, which is blue, provides lowercase letters and access to the functions in blue on some of the keys. You do not need to hold the shift key down while pressing the other key — just press the shift key first, and then the function key.

Knob

The knob can be used in some fields to change values. These fields are indicated by a side view of the knob placed on top of the field when it is selected. The knob also scrolls the display and moves the cursor within lists. If you are using a mouse, you can do the same actions by holding down the right button of the mouse while dragging.

1-2

Logic Analyzer Overview

Line Power Module

Permits selection of 110-120 or 220-240 Vac and contains the fuses for each of these voltage ranges.

External Trigger BNCs

The External Trigger BNCs provide the "Port In" and "Port Out" connections for the Arm In and Arm Out of the Trigger Arming Control menu.

RS-232-C, HP-IB, and Parallel Printer Connectors

The RS-232-C connector is a standard DB-25 connector for RS-232-C printer or controller. The HP-IB connector is a standard HP-IB connector for connecting an HP-IB printer or controller. The Parallel Printer connector is a standard Centronics connector for connecting a parallel printer.

Oscilloscope Calibration Ports

Provides signals for operational accuracy calibration for the oscilloscope and the oscilloscope/probe together to optimize performance.

LAN Connectors (with LAN option only)

Connects the logic analyzer to your local Ethernet network. The BNC connector on top accepts 10Base2 ("thinlan"). The UTP connector below the BNC connector accepts 10Base-T ("ethertwist").

1-3

Logic Analyzer Overview

To make a measurement

For more detail on any of the information below, see the referenced chapters or the Logic Analyzer Training Kit. If you are using a preprocessor with the logic analyzer, some of these steps may not apply.

Map to target

Connect probes Connect probes from the target system to the logic

analyzer to physically map the target system to the channels in the logic analyzer. Attach probes to a pod in a way that keeps logically-related channels together. Remember to ground the pod.

See Also "Probing" in Chapter 7 for more detail on grounding and constructing probes.

Set type* When the logic analyzer is turned on, Analyzer 1 is named Machine 1 and is configured as a timing analyzer, and Analyzer 2 is off. To use state analysis or software profiling, you must set the type of the analyzer in the Analyzer Configuration menu. You can only use one timing analyzer at a time.

Assign pods* In the Analyzer Configuration menu, assign the connected pods to the analyzer you want to use. The number of pods on your logic analyzer depends on the model. Pods are paired and always assigned as a pair to a particular analyzer.

* If you load a configuration file, this step is not necessary.

1-4

Logic Analyzer Overview

To make a meas urement

Set up analyzers*

Set modes and clocks Set the state and timing analyzers using the

Analyzer Format menu. In general, these modes trade channel count for speed or storage. The state analyzer also provides for complicated clocking. If your state clock is set incorrectly, the data gathered by the logic analyzer might indicate an error where none exists.

See Also "The Format Menu" in Chapter 7 for more information on modes and clocks.

Group bits under labels The Analyzer Format menu indicates active pod bits. You can create groups of bits across pods or subgroups within pods and name the groups or subgroups using labels.

* If you load a configuration file, this step is not necessary.

1-5

Logic Analyzer Overview

To make a measurement

Set up trigger*

Define terms In the Analyzer Trigger menu, define trigger variables

called terms to match specific conditions in your target system. Terms can match patterns, ranges, or edges across multiple labels.

Configure Arming Control Use Arming Control if

you want to correlate the triggers and data of both analyzers

•

you want to use the logic analyzer to trigger an external instrument or

•

the built-in oscilloscope, or you want to use an external instrument or the built-in oscilloscope to

•

trigger the logic analyzer.

Set up trigger sequence Create a sequence of steps that control when the logic analyzer starts and stops storing data and filters which data it will store. For common tasks, you can use a trigger macro to simplify the process or use the user-defined macros to loop and jump in sequence. You can also set the oscilloscope to trigger on a complex pattern.

See Also Chapter 4,"Using the Trigger Menu" and Chapter 5, "Triggering Examples" for

more information on setting up a trigger. "The Trigger Sequencer" in Chapter 9 for more information about the trigger

sequence mechanism. "To save a configuration" and "To load a configuration" in Chapter 6 for

instructions on saving and loading the setup so you don’t have to repeat setting up the analyzer and trigger.

* If you load a configuration file, this step is not necessary.

1-6

Logic Analyzer Overview

To make a meas urement

Run measurement

Select single or repetitive From any Analyzer or Scope menu, select

the field labeled Run in the upper right corner to start measuring, or press the Run key. A single run will run once, until memory is full; a repetitive run will go until you select Stop or until a stop measurement condition that you set in the markers menu is fulfilled.

See Also "Markers Field" and "Scope Markers" in Chapter 7 for more information on

markers and stop measurement conditions.

If nothing happens, see Troubleshooting. When you start a run, your analyzer menu changes to one of the display menus or a status message pops up. If nothing happens, press the Stop key or select Cancel. If the analyzer still does not display any measurements, see Chapter 10, "Troubleshooting."

Gather data You can gather statistics automatically by going to a Waveform or Listing menu, turning on markers, and setting patterns for the X and O markers. You can set the logic analyzer to stop if certain conditions are exceeded, or just use the markers to count valid runs.

See Also "Markers Field," "Scope Markers," and "Scope Auto-measure" in Chapter 7 for

more information on markers.

1-7

Logic Analyzer Overview

To make a measurement

View data

Search for patterns In both the Waveform and Listing menus you can

use symbols and markers to search for patterns in your data. In the Analyzer Waveform or Analyzer Listing menu, toggle the Markers field to turn the pattern markers on and then specify the pattern. When you switch views, the markers keep their settings.

Correlate data You can correlate data by setting Count Time in your state analyzer’s Trigger menu and then using interleaving and mixed display. Interleaving correlates the listings of two state analyzers. Mixed display correlates a timing analyzer waveform and a state analyzer listing, or a state analyzer and an oscilloscope waveform, or a state analyzer and both timing and oscilloscope waveforms. To correlate oscilloscope data, the oscilloscope arm mode must be set to Immediate. The System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software does not save a record of actual activity, so it cannot be correlated with either timing or state mode.

Make measurements The markers can count occurrences of events, measure durations, and collect statistics, and SPA provides high-level summaries to help you identify bottlenecks. To use the markers, select the appropriate marker type in the display menu and specify the data patterns for the marker. To use SPA, go to the SPA menu, select the most appropriate mode, fill in the parameters, and press Run.

See Also Chapter 8, "System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software" for more

information on using SPA. "The Waveform Menu" and "The Listing Menu" in Chapter 7 for additional

information on the menu features.

1-8

Connecting Peripherals

Your HP 1660CS-series logic analyzer comes with a PS2 mouse. It also provides connectors for a keyboard, Centronics (parallel) printer, and HP-IB and RS-232-C devices. This chapter tells you how to connect peripheral equipment such as the mouse or a printer to the logic analyzer.

Mouse and Keyboard

You can use either the supplied mouse and optional keyboard, or another PS2 mouse and keyboard with standard DIN connector. The DIN connector is the type commonly used by personal computer accessories.

Printers

The logic analyzer communicates directly with HP PCL printers supporting the printer control language or with other printers supporting the Epson standard command set. Many non-Epson printers have an Epson-emulation mode. HP PCL printers include the following:

• HP ThinkJet

• HP LaserJet

• HP PaintJet

• HP DeskJet

• HP QuietJet

You can connect your printer to the logic analyzer using HP-IB, RS-232-C, or the parallel printer port. The logic analyzer can only print to printers directly connected to it. It cannot print to a networked printer.

2-2

Connecting Peripherals

To connect a mouse

Hewlett-Packard supplies a mouse with the logic analyzer. If you prefer a different style of mouse you can use any PS2 mouse with a standard PS2 DIN interface.

Plug the mouse into the mouse connector on the back panel. Make

sure the plug shows the arrow on top.

2 To verify connection, check the System External I/O menu for a

mouse box.

The mouse box is on the right side above the Settings fields. If the logic analyzer was displaying the System External I/O menu when you plugged in the mouse, the menu won’t update until you exit and then return to it.

The mouse pointer looks like a plus sign ( pointer over it and press the left button. To duplicate the front-panel knob, hold down the right button while moving the mouse. Moving the mouse up or to the right duplicates turning the knob clockwise. Moving the mouse down or to the left duplicates turning the knob counterclockwise.

+). To select a field, move the

System External I/O menu showing mouse installed

2-3

Connecting Peripherals

To connect a keyboard

You can use either the HP-recommended keyboard, HP E2427B, or any other keyboard with a standard DIN connector.

Plug the keyboard into the keyboard connector on the back panel.

1 2 To verify, check the System External I/O menu for a keyboard box.

The keyboard box is on the right side, above the Settings fields. If the logic analyzer was displaying the System External I/O menu while you plugged the keyboard in, the menu won’t update until you exit and then return to it.

The keyboard cursor is the location on the screen highlighted in inverse video. To move the cursor, use the arrow keys. Pressing Enter selects the highlighted field. The primary keyboard keys act like the analyzer’s front-panel data entry keys.

See Also "Keyboard Shortcuts" in the Chapter 7 for complete key mappings.

System External I/O menu showing keyboard installed

2-4

Connecting Peripherals

To connect to an HP-IB printer

Printers connected to the logic analyzer over HP-IB must support HP-IB and Listen Always. When controlling a printer, the analyzer’s HP-IB port does not respond to service requests (SRQ), so the SRQ enable setting does not have any effect on printer operation.

Turn off the analyzer and the printer, and connect an HP-IB cable

from the printer to the HP-IB connector on the analyzer rear panel.

2 Turn on the analyzer and printer. 3 Make sure the printer is set to Listen Always or Listen Only.

For example, the figure below shows the HP-IB configuration switches for an HP-IB ThinkJet printer. For the Listen Always mode, move the second switch from the left to the 1 position. Since the instrument doesn’t respond to SRQ EN (Service Request Enable), the position of the first switch doesn’t matter.

Listen Always switch setting

2-5

Connecting Peripherals

To connect to an HP-IB printer

4 Go to the System External I/O menu and configure the analyzer’s

printer settings.

a If the analyzer is not already set to HP-IB, select the field under

Connected To: in the Printer box and choose HP-IB from the menu.

b Select the Printer Settings field.

c In the top field of the pop-up, select the type of printer you are using.

If you are using an Epson graphics printer or an Epson-compatible printer, select Alternate.

d If the default print width and page length are not what you want,

select the fields to toggle them.

If you select 132 characters per line when using a printer other than QuietJet, the listings are printed in a compressed mode. QuietJet printers can print 132 characters per line without going to compressed mode, but require wider paper.

e Press Done.

Printer Settings menu

2-6

Connecting Peripherals

To connect to an RS-232-C prin ter

To connect to an RS-232-C printer

1 Turn off the analyzer and the printer, and connect a null-modem

RS-232-C cable from the printer to the RS-232-C connector on the analyzer rear panel.

2 Before turning on the printer, locate the mode configuration switches

on the printer and set them as follows:

For the HP QuietJet series printers, there are two banks of mode function

•

switches inside the front cover. Push all the switches down to the 0 position.

For the HP ThinkJet printer, the mode switches are on the rear panel of

•

the printer. Push all the switches down to the 0 position. For the HP LaserJet printer, the factory default switch settings are okay.

•

3 Turn on the analyzer and printer. 4 Go to the System External I/O menu and configure the analyzer’s

printer settings.

a If the analyzer is not already set to RS-232-C, select the field under

Connected To: in the Printer box and choose RS-232C from the menu.

b Select the Printer Settings field.

c In the top field of the pop-up, select the type of printer you are using.

If you are using an Epson graphics printer or an Epson-compatible printer, select Alternate.

d If the default print width and page length are not what you want,

select the fields to toggle them.

e Press Done.

5 Select the RS232 Settings field and check that the current settings are

compatible with your printer.

See Also "The RS-232-C Interface" section in Chapter 7 for more information on

RS-232-C settings.

2-7

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