HP 16534A, 16533A User Reference

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User’s Reference

Publication Number 16534-97009 February 1999

For Safety Information, Warranties, and Regulatory Information, see the pages behind the Index

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HP 16533A 1-GSa/s and HP 16534A 2-GSa/s Digitizing Oscilloscope

The HP 16533/34A Digitizing Oscilloscope

The HP 16533/34A is a digitizing oscilloscope module for the HP 16500B/C logic analysis system. With a bandwidth of up to 500 MHz and a sampling rate up to 2 GSa/s, you can make accurate measurements on high speed digital circuits with rise times as fast as

1.5 ns.

When configured with other measurement modules in the HP 16500B/C logic analysis system, cross-domain measurements are time-correlated and displayed together on the same screen.

Memory depth of 32 KBytes per channel allows the HP 16533/34A to capture a sufficiently long analog record prior to trigger. A long record allows adequate time resolution to identify errors confidently.

Configuration

Either model can be used as a single-card module or in a multi-card module configuration. For each card configured into a multi-card module, you gain two signal inputs up to a maximum of eight channels (four-card module).

Compatibility

If you are upgrading from the HP 16532A, the following compatibility issues should be noted:

If an HP 16532A file is loaded into an HP 16533/34A, the

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HP 16533/34A will set up identically. However, the HP 16532A data will not be read or displayed.

The HP 16532A cannot load files that were stored from an

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HP 16533/34A. You cannot mix HP 16532A and HP 16533/34A cards in a multi-card

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module.

The HP 16533/34A Os ci ll oscope

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In This Book

This book provides a detailed description of the features of the HP 16533/34A digitizing oscilloscope modules. It identifies the different menus available on the oscilloscope, and shows what options are available in the menus. It then explains what each of these options mean and what they do. The book is divided into the following chapters:

Chapter 1 describes the options for running and stopping the oscilloscope and explains single and repetitive modes of operation.

Chapter 2 describes the Autoscale function—what is does, what trigger it selects to trigger on, and what fields and menus are affected by the algorithm.

Chapter 3 describes the Channel menu options—input identification, vertical sensitivity and position, probe attenuation factor, coupling field selection, and preset values.

Chapter 4 describes time base functions—sweep speed, horizontal position, pan and zoom, and sample period display.

Chapter 5 describes time marker functions—both manual and automatic. It describes the capabilities of both manual and automatic time markers and the fields available in each, then describes the function of each of these fields. It also decribes voltage markers, the fields available to them, and the function of each of these fields.

Chapter 6 describes trigger options available—immediate, pattern, and edge. It describes their use, configurations available, and the fields controlling each option.

Chapter 7 describes the display options—normal, average, and accumulate. It then explains when each is used, and what the results are when each is used.

Chapter 8 describes the Auto-Measure feature and explains the algorithm for each of the nine automatic measurements taken. The measurements taken using this feature are: frequency, period, peak-to-peak voltage, positive pulse width, negative pulse width, rise time, fall time, preshoot, and overshoot.

Run/Stop Options

Chapter 9 describes the Waveform Selection menu. This menu lets you select the following modes of operation: single channel, overlay, Chan + Chan, or Chan−Chan. It also allows you to insert, replace, or delete channels from the display.

Chapter 10 gives you the specifications and characteristics for the oscilloscope.

Chapter 11 describes the module installation and bench service procedures.

The Index is an alphanumeric listing of the subject matter contained in this book.

The Glossary defines some of the common terms you will find throughout this book.

The Waveform S election Menu

Autoscale

The Channel M enu

Time Base F unctions

The Marker Menu

The Trigger Menu

The Display Menu

The Auto-Meas ure Menu

Specifications and

Characteristics

Installation and Operator’ s

Service

Index

Glossary

1 Run/Stop Options

Run/Stop Options 1–2

Autoscale Run 1–3 Run Field 1–3 Stop Field 1–4

2 Autoscale

Autoscale Field Options 2–3 Autoscale Algorithm 2–4 Menus and Fields Changed by the Autoscale Algorithm 2–6

3 The Channel Menu

Input Field 3–4 V/Div Field 3–5 Offset Field 3–6 Probe Field 3–7 Coupling Field 3–7 Preset Field 3–8

4 Time Base Functions

s/Div Field 4–3 Delay Field 4–5 Sample Period Field 4–8

5The Marker Menu

Manual Time Markers Options 5–5

Tx to To Field 5–6 Trig to X Field 5–7 Trig to O Field 5–8 Channel Label Field 5–8 T Marker Value Display 5–9

Contents–1

Contents

Automatic Time Marker Options 5–10

Done Field 5–11 Set on Field 5–11 Type Field 5–11 at Level Field 5–12 Slope Field 5–13 Occur Field 5–13 Statistics Field 5–14 Run Until Time X-O Field 5–15

Manual/Automatic Time Markers Option 5–17

Setting the Manual/Automatic Time Markers Option 5–17

Voltage Markers Options 5–18

Va On Field 5–19 Va Volts Field 5–19 Vb On Field 5–20 Vb Volts Field 5–20 Va to Vb Field 5–21 Center Screen Field 5–21 V Marker Value Display 5–22

6 The Trigger Menu

Trigger Marker 6–4

Edge Trigger Mode 6–5

Source Field 6–6 Level Field 6–7 Slope Field 6–9 Count Field 6–9 Auto-Trig Field 6–10

Pattern Trigger Mode 6–11

Channel/Pattern Field 6–12

Contents–2

When Field 6–13 Count Field 6–16 Auto-Trig Field 6–17

Immediate Trigger Mode 6–18

Intermodule Measurements 6–19

7The Display Menu

Mode Field 7–4 Connect Dots Field 7–6 Grid Field 7–7 Acquisition Time Field 7–8 Display Options Field 7–8

Contents

8 The Auto-Measure Menu

Automatic-Measurement Fields 8–4

Input Field 8–4 Automatic Measurements Display 8–4

Automatic Measurement Prerequisites 8–5

Measurement Setup Requirements 8–5 Criteria Used for Making Automatic Measurements 8–6

Automatic Measurement Algorithms 8–7

Top and Base Voltages 8–7 Measurement Algorithms 8–8

9 The Waveform Selection Menu

Module Field 9–4 Channel Mode Field 9–5 Action Field 9–9 Delete All Field 9–10

Contents–3

Contents

Delete Field 9–10 Labels Field 9–10 Waveform Size Field 9–11 Done Field 9–11

10 Specifications and Characteristics

Operating System 10–3 Specifications 10–3 Characteristics 10–4 Supplemental Characteristics 10–6

11 Installation and Operator’s Service

To inspect the module 11–3 To prepare the mainframe 11–3

To install the module 11–5

To configure the HP 16533/34A module 11–6 To reconfigure a multi-card module into single-card modules 11–8 To turn on the system 11–8 To test the module 11–8 To clean the module 11–8

Calibrating and Adjusting 11–9

Calibration frequency 11–9 Multi-card oscilloscope calibration 11–9

To calibrate the oscilloscope 11–10

Set up the equipment 11–10 Self Cal menu calibrations 11–12 Protect the operational accuracy calibration factors 11–15

Index

Glossary

Contents–4

Run/Stop Options

When you first turn on the Logic Analysis System, all of the modules installed in the mainframe are inactive (that is, not running). Making the module inactive at system start-up prevents any unwanted interaction between the modules.

This chapter describes how to manually start the oscilloscope running. You can cause the oscilloscope to run automatically in an intermodule measurement setup. For information on intermodule measurements, refer to the "Intermodule Measurements" chapter in the HP 16500B/16501A Logic Analysis System User’s Reference or the "Correlating Measurements" chapter in the HP 16500C/16501A Logic Analysis System User’s Reference.

Manually running or stopping the oscilloscope is controlled by the Run/Stop field. All of the run and stop options are explained in this chapter. The Run/Stop field is in the upper-right corner of all oscilloscope menus.

Remember, when the Run/Stop field displays Run, the oscilloscope is stopped. You touch the Run field to start the oscilloscope running. Likewise, when the Run/Stop field displays Stop, the oscilloscope is running. You touch the Stop field to stop the oscilloscope. In short, the Run/Stop field displays your next option—not the action taking place.

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Run/Stop Options

Autoscale R un

Autoscale Run

You can use the autoscale feature to cause the oscilloscope to run. You may want to use this method when you have changed one or more of the signal input parameters and want to get back to a basic screen presentation of your waveform. Touch the Autoscale field on the screen, then select Continue from the pop-up menu. When autoscaling is complete, the oscilloscope automatically starts running. It will run in the mode (single or repetitive) that was last selected using the Run field menu options. If no run mode is selected prior to selecting autoscale, the run mode defaults to single mode.

Run Field

When the green Run field is displayed, the oscilloscope is stopped. Touching the Run field, then removing your finger from the screen, starts the oscilloscope running. The oscilloscope runs using the parameters that are currently set. Additionally, it runs in the mode (single or repetitive) that was last selected. If no run mode is selected prior to selecting a run, the run mode defaults to single mode.

When you touch and hold your finger on the Run field, a pop-up menu appears. The pop-up contains the selections Single, Repetitive, and Cancel. To select one of the options, slide your finger down the screen until it is over the option you want to select, then remove your finger from the screen. These options are described in the following paragraphs.

Single Mode Option

When the system is turned on, the oscilloscope defaults to the Single mode. Single-mode acquisition fills acquisition memory once with 32768 samples of the input waveform, automatically stops running, then displays the contents of acquisition memory. Each 32768-sample waveform record is acquired in a single acquisition.

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Run/Stop Options

Stop Field

To start the oscilloscope running in the single-mode after it has been running in repetitive mode, touch the green Run field. Slide your finger down to the Single field in the pop-up until the Single field turns white, then remove your finger from the screen. This starts the oscilloscope running in the Single mode. When single-shot acquisition is in process, the Run/Stop field will display Stop. When the acquisition is complete, the field display changes to Run. In Single mode, the oscilloscope makes a single acquisition and displays the results. The oscilloscope then waits until the Run field is touched again before making another acquisition.

Repetitive Mode Option

Repetitive mode acquisition fills acquisition memory with 32768 samples of the input waveform on continuing acquisitions. The display is updated each time a new acquisition is made. Repetitive mode continues acquiring data in this manner until you touch the Stop field. As in single mode, each 32768-sample waveform record is acquired in a single acquisition.

To start the oscilloscope running in the repetitive mode after it has been running in single mode, touch the green Run field. Slide your finger down to the Repetitive field in the pop-up until the Repetitive field turns white, then remove your finger from the screen. This starts the oscilloscope running in the Repetitive mode. While the real-time repetitive acquisitions are being made, the Run/Stop field will display Stop. When you want to stop making repetitive acquisitions, touch the Stop field. To resume making repetitive acquisitions, touch the Run field again.

Cancel Option

If you select the Cancel field in the pop-up, the oscilloscope returns to the state it was in before the Run field was touched. That is, it is stopped in either single or repetitive mode, whichever mode was selected last.

Stop Field

When the red Stop field is displayed, the oscilloscope is running. Touch the Stop field to cause the oscilloscope to stop running.

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Autoscale

Autoscale is an algorithm built into the oscilloscope that automatically optimizes the display of one or more waveforms. When you touch the Autoscale field and select Continue, the autoscale algorithm starts, and the screen displays the advisory message "Autoscale is in progress."

This chapter discusses how the autoscale algorithm works. It also discusses what fields are affected by the autoscale algorithm.

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Autoscale

Autoscale Field Options

The Autoscale field is displayed in the top row of menu fields on every oscilloscope menu.

When you touch the Autoscale field, a pop-up appears that allows you to cancel or continue the autoscale.

Cancel

If you accidentally touch the Autoscale field, you can touch the Cancel field in the pop-up menu to cancel the autoscale process. The cancel feature keeps you from inadvertently changing your oscilloscope setup.

Continue

When you touch the Continue field, the autoscale algorithm starts, and the screen displays the advisory message "Autoscale is in progress." Once the autoscale operation begins, it cannot be canceled.

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Autoscale

Autoscale Algorit h m

Autoscale Algorithm

This section describes what the autoscale algorithm does when a signal, or signals, is present at the oscilloscope inputs. It also describes what occurs when signals are not present at the oscilloscope inputs.

What the Autoscale Algorithm Does When a Signal is Found

The autoscale algorithm first checks all input channels to determine whether or not there are any signals present. The vertical scaling is then set as required for each channel. Next the time base is scaled for a single input channel. Finally, the trigger channel is selected and the waveforms are displayed.

Finding the Vertical Settings

input channels to determine whether or not there are any signals present. Starting at the lowest numbered channel in the oscilloscope module, the autoscale algorithm checks for activity on that channel. It then sets the vertical scaling (V/Div and offset) appropriate to that input signal. This process is repeated for each input channel. If no activity is found on an input channel, the original (pre-autoscale) vertical settings are restored.

When all input signals have been vertically scaled, the time base settings (s/Div and delay) are scaled. The time base settings are determined based on the input signal for a single channel.

Finding the Time Base Settings

delay) are determined based on the input signal of the lowest numbered input channel that has been determined to have a signal present.

For example, if signals are present on both channel 1 and channel 2 inputs, the autoscale algorithm selects the signal on channel 1 input as the time base scaling source. Similarly, if a signal is present only on the channel 4 input, then the channel 4 input is selected as the time base scaling source.

The time base is scaled so that between two and five complete cycles of the source input signal can be seen on the screen. If signals of significantly different frequencies are probed by the oscilloscope, and the time base scaling is based on a slow signal, you should be aware of the possibility that the faster signals may be under-sampled and incorrectly displayed on the screen.

The autoscale algorithm first checks all

The time base settings (s/Div and

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Autoscale

Autoscale Al gorithm

Displaying the Waveform

the oscilloscope automatically starts running, and displays waveforms for the inputs that have been selected. The run mode (single or repetitive) that was selected prior to running autoscale is the run mode executed when autoscale is completed. If a run mode has not been selected prior to running autoscale, the single mode run is executed.

The channel and time base fields are updated (if necessary) to reflect any changes made by the autoscale algorithm. The trigger settings are also changed by the autoscale algorithm and an edge mode trigger with channel 1 or channel 2 is selected. The trigger source is set to channel 1 or channel 2. Even if the scaling is based on a higher-numbered channel, it will not be used as the trigger source. Instead, the trigger source will default to channel

1. The trigger point on the waveform is determined by the trigger level set by

the autoscale algorithm. The trigger point is displayed as a dotted vertical red line at the center of the screen when Delay is set to 0 s.

What the Autoscale Algorithm Does When a Signal Cannot be Found

When a signal cannot be found on any of the vertical inputs, the oscilloscope displays the advisory messages "No signal found" and "Original setup restored." The autoscale algorithm toggles the Auto-Trig field to On, which places the oscilloscope in the automatic trigger mode. The oscilloscope then displays the message "Auto triggered." The automatic trigger mode allows the oscilloscope to sweep automatically and to display a baseline anytime a trigger signal is not present.

When the autoscale algorithm is complete,

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Autoscale

Menus and Fi elds Changed by the Autoscale Algorithm

Menus and Fields Changed by the Autoscale Algorithm

The following table shows the menus and their fields that are changed by the autoscale algorithm.

Settings Changed by Autoscale

Menu Field Autoscale Act i on

Channel V/Div

Offset

Trigger Mode

Source Level

Slope Count Auto-Trig

All Applicable s/Div

Delay

Scaled - depending on amplitude of input signal. Scaled - depending on offset of input s ig nal .

Defaults to Edge. Either channel 1 or cha nnel 2. If no i nput signal exists for channel 1 or channel 2, it defaults to cha nnel 1. Scaled - depending on amplitude of lowest numbered input with signal present. Defaults to Positive. Defaults to 1. Defaults to On.

Scaled - depending on frequency of lowest numbered inpu t wi th signal present . Defaults to 0 s.

2-6

The Channel Menu

The Channel menu lets you select the channel input for the module. It lets you select values that control the vertical sensitivity, offset, probe attenuation factor, input impedance, and coupling of the input channel shown in the Input field. The Channel menu also gives you preset vertical sensitivity, offset, and trigger level values for ECL and TTL logic levels.

Channel Menu Map

The menu map on the next page illustrates all fields and the available options for the Channel menu. The menu map will help you get an overview as well as provide you with a quick reference of what the Channel menu contains.

3-2

The Channel Menu

Channel Field Menu Map

3-3

The Channel Menu

Input Field

You use the Input field to select the input source for the channel parameters displayed on the Channel menu. Each channel may be set independent of all other channels.

Input Identification

When you touch the Input field, a pop-up menu appears that shows the input channels for the module. The input channels are shown as a letter/number combination: A1, for example. The letter A identifies the slot number in the mainframe which contains the card. The number 1 identifies the input connector on the rear of the card. For a two-card oscilloscope module, A1 identifies the card location as slot A and the input location as Likewise, A2 identifies the card location as slot A and the input location as

channel

For oscilloscope modules installed in an HP 16500B/C Logic Analysis System mainframe, two inputs are available for each card.

At system turn on, the Input field defaults to the lowest lettered and numbered input for the module selected. For example, if a module is installed in slot A, the Input field will display A1.

channel

3-4

The Channel Menu

V/Div Field

You use the V/Div field to set the vertical sensitivity for the waveform on the screen. It is set for the channel displayed in the Input field. Vertical sensitivity determines the vertical size of a waveform displayed on the screen and it is measured in volts per division. Each waveform display area is divided into four vertical divisions. The divisions are marked by small tan-colored tick marks at the left and right sides of the waveform display area.

When you select the V/Div field, you can change the vertical sensitivity by turning the knob. Turning the knob clockwise causes the waveform to expand vertically in both directions from the center of the display. Turning the knob counterclockwise causes the waveform to compress vertically in both directions toward the center of the display. As you turn the knob, the vertical sensitivity changes in a 1-2-4 sequence from 4 mV/Div to 10 V/Div (1:1 probe).

Vertical sensitivity can also be entered from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the V/Div field when the field is light blue. Any valid value from 4 mV/Div to 10 V/Div (1:1 probe) can be entered from the keypad. The vertical sensitivity value is set to the two most significant digits of the value entered. For example, if you enter a value of 154 mV, the value is rounded to 150 mV.

If acquisitions have been stopped (either by touching the Stop field or by a completed measurement), vertical sensitivity changes will not be reflected on the waveform until Run is touched and the next acquisition is displayed. Changes to V/Div during a repetitive run will be seen on the next displayed acquisition because the hardware is reprogrammed between acquisitions.

The default value for the V/Div field is 1.5 V (TTL preset value).

3-5

The Channel Menu

Offset Field

You use the Offset field to set the vertical position of the waveform on the screen. It is set for the channel currently displayed in the Input field. Vertical position determines the vertical placement of the waveform. Offset is measured in volts. Each waveform display area is divided into four vertical divisions. The divisions are marked by small tan-colored tick marks at the left and right sides of the waveform display area.

Offset is the voltage represented at the center vertical tick mark in the waveform display. It is a dc voltage that is added to or subtracted from the input signal so that the waveform can be centered on the waveform display. Offset range and resolution are dependent on vertical sensitivity (V/Div) as shown in the table below. The table values are based on a 1:1 probe setting.

Offset Range and Resolution

V/Div Setting Offset Range Offset Resolution

4 mV - 100 mV/Div >100 mV - 500mV/Div >500mV - 2. 5 V / D i v >2. 5 V - 10 V/Div

2 V 1 mV

10 V 1 mV

50 V 1 mV

250 V 2 mV

When you select the Offset field, the offset value of the channel currently displayed in the Input field can be changed by turning the knob. As you turn the knob, the value in the Offset field changes, and the position of the waveform moves up or down on the waveform display. Offset works similar to the vertical position control of an analog oscilloscope, but offset is calibrated.

Any valid offset value can also be entered from the keypad. The keypad will appear when you touch the Offset field when the field is light blue. The default value for the Offset field is 2.5 V (TTL preset value).

If acquisitions have been stopped (either by touching the Stop field or by a completed measurement), offset changes will not be reflected on the waveform until Run is touched and the next acquisition is displayed. Changes to Offset during a repetitive run will be seen on the next displayed acquisition because the hardware is reprogrammed between acquisitions.

3-6

The Channel Menu

Probe Field

You use the Probe field to set the probe attenuation factor for the input channel currently displayed in the Input field.

Probe Attenuation Factor

The probe attenuation factor can be set from 1:1 to 1000:1 in increments of one. When you select the Probe field, the probe attenuation factor can be changed by turning the knob or by entering a value from the pop-up keypad.

When you select a probe attenuation factor, the actual sensitivity at the input does not change. The voltage values shown on the display (V/div, offset, trigger level) are automatically adjusted to reflect the attenuation factor. The marker and automatic measurement voltage values change when Run is touched and the next acquisition is displayed

The default value for the Probe field is 10:1 for 10:1 divider probes.

CAUTION

Coupling Field

You use the Coupling field to set the input impedance for the channel currently displayed in the Input field.

Coupling Field Selections

When you touch the Coupling field, a pop-up appears that shows the input impedance values available for selection. The selectable values are as follows:

1MΩ / DC

•

1MΩ / AC

•

50Ω / DC.

•

The default value for the Coupling field is 1MΩ / DC.

The maximum input voltage for the 50Ω / DC Coupling field selection is 5 Vrms.

3-7

The Channel Menu

Preset Field

When you touch the Preset field, a pop-up menu appears. TTL, ECL, and User are the options available. The Preset field automatically sets offset, V/div, and trigger level values to properly display TTL and ECL logic levels. Trigger level is in the Trigger menu and can be changed only when edge trigger is the selected trigger mode.

Preset Field Values

When you select TTL or ECL, the parameters are preset to the values shown in the following table:

Preset Values

Parameter ECL TTL V/Div Offset Trigger Level

500 mV 1.5 V

-1.300 V 2.5 V

-1.300 V 1.620 V

When any of the ECL or TTL preset values are changed from the preset values listed above, the Preset field will change to User and the new values become the new User values. The User values remain the same until you manually change the User values or you change the ECL or TTL preset values while in ECL or TTL Preset.

The default value for the Preset field is TTL.

3-8

Time Base Functions

The s/Div and Delay time base fields control the horizontal display on the oscilloscope. There are three rows of fields displayed on the oscilloscope. The s/Div and Delay fields are located in the bottom row of fields. These two fields are displayed on all of the oscilloscope menus, except for the Calibration menu.

When the s/Div is changed in a multi-card module, all channels are sampled according to the new timebase setting. When the Delay field is changed in a multi-card module, all channels are delayed according to the new delay setting.

4-2

Time Base Functions

s/Div Field

The s/Div field allows you to set the sweep speed (time scale) on the horizontal axis of the display. Sweep speed is measured in seconds per division.

Selecting Sweep Speed

The waveform display is divided into 10 horizontal divisions. The divisions are marked by small tan-colored tick marks at the top and bottom of the waveform display area.

If you have a multi-card oscilloscope configuration, the s/Div field is set on the master card. All other cards in the multi-card module will use the same s/Div setting as the master card.

When you select the s/Div field, you can change the sweep speed for the next acquisition by turning the knob. Turning the knob clockwise a small amount expands the displayed waveform horizontally in both directions from the center of the display. Turning the knob counter-clockwise a small amount compresses the displayed waveform horizontally in both directions toward the center of the display. As you turn the knob, the sweep speed changes in a 1-2-5 sequence (10.0 ns, 20.0 ns, 50.0 ns, etc.) from 1 ns/div to 5 s/div (HP 16533A) and 500 ps/div to 5 s/div (HP 16534A).

Sweep speed can also be entered from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the light-blue s/Div field. Any value from 500 ps/div to 5 s/div (HP 16534) and 1ns to 5s/div (HP 16533) can be entered from the keypad. Sweep speed values are rounded and then truncated to the three most significant digits. For example, if you enter a value of 15.45 ns, the value is rounded and then truncated to 15.5 ns.

4-3

Time Base Functions

s/Div Field

At sweep speeds of 100 ms/div and slower, the time to acquire the 32768 sample points for acquisition memory is greater than 1 second. At these sweep speeds the screen displays the message "Waiting for Prestore" when acquiring the sample points prior to the trigger. It displays the message "Waiting for Poststore" when acquiring the sample points after the trigger. These messages advise you that the oscilloscope is still actively acquiring data. Acquisition time and sample rate, as they compare to sweep time, are shown in the table at the end of this chapter.

The default value for the s/Div field is 500 ns.

Zooming (Acquisition Stopped)

When acquisitions are stopped, the oscilloscope displays the sample points stored in acquisition memory on the screen. When you change the sweep speed, the new screen display is a different presentation of the data retained in acquisition memory when acquisitions were stopped. Presenting the same data in a different form (zooming) is normally used on a waveform acquired in Single mode.

Zooming while in repetitive mode will change the sample rate and the display because the hardware is reprogrammed between acquisitions in response to the new timebase settings. Zooming is done by adjusting the value in the s/Div field. It causes the waveform to either expand horizontally (decrease sweep time value) or compress horizontally (increase sweep time value).

When used in conjunction with panning (see "Delay Field"), zooming is very useful in displaying waveforms.

4-4

Time Base Functions

Delay Field

The Delay field allows you to set the horizontal position of the displayed waveform in relation to the trigger. Delay time is measured in seconds.

Setting Horizontal Position

Delay time zero is always at the trigger point of the waveform. A delay time value is the time difference measured from before or after the trigger point on the waveform (delay time zero), to the center point of the screen. In other words, delay time is always measured from the trigger point on the waveform to the center of the screen. The vertical dotted red line on the screen is the trigger point. When delay time is zero, the trigger point will be at the center of the screen.

If you have a multi-card oscilloscope configuration, the Delay field is set on the master card. All other cards in the multi-card module will use the same Delay setting as the master card.

When you select the Delay field, delay time can be changed by turning the knob. Remember that the trigger point is always delay time zero and is marked by the vertical dotted red line. When you set the delay such that the trigger point is on the right side of the screen, delay time is negative. What you will see at the center of the screen will be the result of samples taken before the trigger point. They have occurred in what is referred to as negative time.

4-5

Time Base Functions

Delay Field

When you set the delay such that the trigger point is on the left side of the screen, delay time is positive. What you will see at the center of the screen will be the result of samples taken after the trigger point. They have occurred in what is referred to as positive time.

Delay time resolution is equal to 2% of the sweep speed setting when using the knob. When using the pop-up keypad, resolution is 10 ps at sweep speeds of 99.99 ns/div and faster, and can be set to 5-digit resolution at sweep speeds of 100 ns/div and slower.

When run mode is set to Repetitive, the valid Delay range is:

Pre-trigger delay range = 16384 × sample period Post-trigger delay range is equal to the following:

Time/Div Setting Available Delay

100 ms to 5 s/div 2.5 ks 1 us 50 ms/div 33,500 x (s/div) 1 ns to 500 ns/div 32.7 ms (HP 16533A) 500 ps to 200 us/div 16.3 ms (HP 16534A)

Pre- and post-trigger delay time ranges, as they compare with sweep speeds, are shown in the table at the end of this chapter.

The default value for the Delay field is 0 s.

4-6

Time Base Functions

Delay Field

Panning (Acquisition Stopped)

When acquisitions are stopped, the Delay field can be used to control what portion of acquisition memory will be displayed on screen. Acquisition memory is comprised of the following sections:

Pre-trigger delay range = delay time setting − (16384 × sample period) Post-trigger delay range = delay time setting + (16384 × sample period)

This shows that one-half of the data stored in acquisition memory was stored before the delay time setting and one-half of the data in memory was stored after the delay time setting. Panning allows you to view the entire waveform record by adjusting the Delay field. Normally, using the delay function to view all of the acquired waveform (panning) is done on a waveform acquired in Single (single-shot) mode.

Using the Center Screen field that appears in the Marker Menu (refer to chapter 5) is another way to shift/pan the display to center it on specific time markers.

4-7

Time Base Functions

Sample Period Field

Any time the Time and Voltage Markers field are both Off, the sample period of the acquired waveform is displayed in the bottom row of the menu fields.

Sample period is the time period between acquired sample points and is the inverse of sample rate (digitizing rate). Sample period is a function of sweep speed and can only be changed by changing the s/Div field. Sample period and sample rates, as they compare with sweep speed, are shown in the Sample Period tables on page 4-10 and 4-12.

There are two fields to the right of the Sample Period field which pertain to the sample rate. These fields are the Data acquired at field and the Next acquisition field.

Data acquired at Field

When acquisitions are stopped, the Data acquired at field shows the sample rate at which the last acquisition was taken. When the s/Div field is light-blue, you can turn the knob to change the time base setting.

During a repetitive run, the Data acquired at field and the Next acquisition field will display the same value on the first acquisition following a s/Div setting change. This happens because the hardware is reprogrammed between acquisitions in response to the new time base setting.

Next acquisition Field

When you change the time base setting (see above paragraph), the value in the Next acquisition field changes to reflect the sample rate at which the next acquisition will be taken if the Run field is touched.

4-8

Time Base Functions

Sample Period F ield

Sample Period Value Display

Any time the markers (either voltage and/or time) are turned on, the current marker settings may be displayed on the channel, trigger, display and auto-measure menus by using the Display Options field located to the right of the time base Delay field. The Display Options field is also used to access the channel labeling field. Refer to the Display Menu chapter for channel labeling details. Refer to the Marker Menu chapter for further details about the Marker Value display.

On the marker menu, if time markers are turned off, the Sample Period display will appear on the marker menu. If time markers are selected as either On or Auto, the Sample Period display is not visible on the Marker menu.

The Display Options field never appears on the Marker menu.

4-9

Time Base Functions

Sample Period Field

HP 16534A Sample Period Table

s/Div Sample

Rate

5 s 2 s 1 s 500 ms 200 ms

100 ms 50 ms 20 ms 10 ms 5 ms

2 ms 1 ms 500 µs 200 µs 100 µs

50 µs 20 µs 10 µs 5 µs 2 µs

1 µs 500 ns 200 ns 100 ns 50 ns

100 Sa/s 250 Sa/s 500 Sa/s 1 KSa/s

2.5 KSa/s 5 KSa/s

10 KSa/s 25 KSa/s 50 KSa/s 100 KSa/ s

250 KSa/ s 500 KSa/ s 1 MSa/s

2.5 MSa/s 5 MSa/s

10 MSa/s 25 MSa/s 50 MSa/s 100 MSa/s 250 MSa/s

500 MSa/s 1 GSa/s 2 GSa/s 2 GSa/s 2 GSa/s

Sample Period

10 ms 4 ms 2 ms 1 ms 400 µs

200 µs 100 µs 40 µs 20 µs 10 µs

4 µs 2 µs 1 µs 400 ns 200 ns

100 ns 40 ns 20 ns 10 ns 4 ns

2 ns 1 ns 500 ps 500 ps 500 ps

Trace Length

327.68 s

131.07 s

65.536 s

32.768 s

13.107 s

6.553 s

3.276 s

1.310 s

655.36 m s

327.68 m s

131.07 m s

65.536 ms

32.768 ms

13.107 ms

6.553 m s

3.276 m s

1.310 m s

655.36 µs

327.68 µs

131.07 µs

65.536 µs

32.768 µs

16.384 µs

Percent on Screen

15% 15% 15% 15% 15%

15% 15% 12% 6% 3%

20 ns 10 ns 5 ns 2 ns 1 ns

500 ps Notes:

2 GSa/s 2 GSa/s 2 GSa/s 2 GSa/s 2 GSa/s

2 GSa/s

Sa/s = Samples per second. Trace length = 32768 x sample rate. Percent on screen = The percentage of the total acquired s am pl es that are seen on screen when the acquired data is dis pl ayed. It is defined as (1 0 x s/div)/trace length.

500 ps 500 ps 500 ps 500 ps 500 ps

500 ps

16.384 µs

1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

4-10

HP 16534A Delay Table

Time Base Functions

Sample Period F ield

s/Div

5 s 2 s 1 s 500 ms 200 ms

100 ms 50 ms 20 ms 10 ms 5 ms

2 ms 1 ms 500 µs 200 µs 100 µs

50 µs 20 µs 10 µs 5 µs 2 µs

1 µs 500 ns 200 ns 100 ns 50 ns

Sample Period

10 ms 4 ms 2 ms 1 ms 400 µs

200 µs 100 µs 40 µs 20 µs 10 µs

4 µs 2 µs 1 µs 400 ns 200 ns

100 ns 40 ns 20 ns 10 ns 4 ns

2 ns 1 ns 500 ps 500 ps 500 ps

*Max. Negative Delay at Acquisition

−

163 s

−

65.5 s

−

32.7 s

−

16.3 s

−

6.55 s

−

3.27 s

−

1.63 s

−

655 ms

−

327 ms

−

163 ms

−

65.5 ms

−

32.7 ms

−

16.3 ms

−

6.55 ms

−

3.27 ms

−

1.63 ms

−

655 µs

−

327 µs

−

163 µs

−

65.5 µs

−

32.7 µs

−

16.3 µs

−

8.19 µs

−

8.19 µs

-8.19 µs

**Max. Positive Delay at Acquisition

2.5 Ks

2.5 Ks 1675 s 670 s 335 s 167 s

67.0 s

33.5 s

16.7 s

6.70 s

3.35 s

1.67 s 670 ms 335 ms 167 ms

67.0 ms

33.5 ms

16.7 ms

8.35 ms

Max. Negative Delay

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

Max. Positive Delay

2.5 Ks

−

20 ns 10 ns 5 ns 2 ns 1 ns

500 ps

Notes: "at Acqui si t ion" = the maximum del ay (positive or negative) allowed when you sele ct RU N .

500 ps 500 ps 500 ps 500 ps 500 ps

500 ps

*Maximum negative delay at acquisition = −(16384 × sample period). **Maxi m um positive delay at acquisition = (2

-8.19 µs

−

8.19 µs

8.35 ms

× sample period) with a maximum of 2.5 Ks.

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

4-11

Time Base Functions

Sample Period Field

HP 16533A Sample Period Table

s/Div Sample

Rate

5 s 2 s 1 s 500 ms 200 ms

100 ms 50 ms 20 ms 10 ms 5 ms

2 ms 1 ms 500 µs 200 µs 100 µs

50 µs 20 µs 10 µs 5 µs 2 µs

1 µs 500 ns 200 ns 100 ns 50 ns

100 Sa/s 250 Sa/s 500 Sa/s 1 KSa/s

2.5 KSa/s 5 KSa/s

10 KSa/s 25 KSa/s 50 KSa/s 100 KSa/ s

250 KSa/ s 500 KSa/ s 1 MSa/s

2.5 MSa/s 5 MSa/s

10 MSa/s 25 MSa/s 50 MSa/s 100 MSa/s 250 MSa/s

500 MSa/s 1 GSa/s 1 GSa/s 1 GSa/s 1 GSa/s

Sample Period

10 ms 4 ms 2 ms 1 ms 400 µs

200 µs 100 µs 40 µs 20 µs 10 µs

4 µs 2 µs 1 µs 400 ns 200 ns

100 ns 40 ns 20 ns 10 ns 4 ns

2 ns 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns

Trace Length

327.68 s

131.07 s

65.536 s

32.768 s

13.107 s

6.553 s

3.276 s

1.310 s

655.36 m s

327.68 m s

131.07 m s

65.536 ms

32.768 ms

13.107 ms

6.553 m s

3.276 m s

1.310 m s

655.36 µs

327.68 µs

131.07 µs

65.536 µs

32.768 µs

Percent on Screen

15% 15% 15% 15% 15%

15% 15% 6% 3% 1%

20 ns 10 ns 5 ns 2 ns 1 ns

Notes:

1 GSa/s 1 GSa/s 1 GSa/s 1 GSa/s 1 GSa/s

Sa/s = Samples per second. Trace length = 32768 x sample rate. Percent on screen = The percentage of the total acquired s am pl es that are seen on screen when the acquired data is displayed.

1 ns 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns

32.768 µs

<1% <1% <1% <1% <1%

4-12

HP 16533A Delay Table

Time Base Functions

Sample Period F ield

s/Div

5 s 2 s 1 s 500 ms 200 ms

100 ms 50 ms 20 ms 10 ms 5 ms

2 ms 1 ms 500 µs 200 µs 100 µs

50 µs 20 µs 10 µs 5 µs 2 µs

1 µs 500 ns 200 ns 100 ns 50 ns

Sample Period

10 ms 4 ms 2 ms 1 ms 400 µs

200 µs 100 µs 40 µs 20 µs 10 µs

4 µs 2 µs 1 µs 400 ns 200 ns

100 ns 40 ns 20 ns 10 ns 4 ns

2 ns 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns

*Max. Negative Delay at Acquisition

−

163 s

−

65.5 s

−

32.7 s

−

16.3 s

−

6.55 s

−

3.27 s

−

1.63 s

−

655 ms

−

327 ms

−

163 ms

−

65.5 ms

−

32.7 ms

−

16.3 ms

−

6.55 ms

−

3.27 ms

−

1.63 ms

−

655 µs

−

327 µs

−

163 µs

−

65.5 µs

−

32.7 µs

−

16.3 µs

−

16.3 µs

−

16.3 µs

−

16.3 µs

**Max. Positive Delay at Acquisition

2.5 Ks

2.5 Ks 1675 s 670 s 335 s 167 s

67.0 s

33.5 s

16.7 s

6.70 s

3.35 s

1.67 s 670 ms 335 ms 167 ms

67.0 ms

33.5 ms

16.7 ms

Max. Negative Delay

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

Max. Positive Delay

2.5 Ks

−

20 ns 10 ns 5 ns 2 ns 1 ns

Notes: "at Acqui si t ion" = the maximum del ay (positive or negative) allowed when you sele ct RU N .

1 ns 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns 1 ns

*Maximum negative delay at acquisition = −(16384 x sample period). **Maxi m um positive delay at acquisition = (2

16.3 µs

−

16.3 µs

−

16.3 µs

−

16.3 µs

−

16.3 µs

16.7 ms

x sample period) with a maximum of 2.5 Ks.

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

−

2.5 Ks

4-13

4-14

The Marker Menu

The oscilloscope has two sets of markers that allow you to make time and voltage measurements. These measurements can be made either manually (voltage and time markers) or automatically (time markers only). The markers are accessed when you touch the Markers choice on the oscilloscope menu pop-up.

The default selection for both the time and voltage Marker fields is Off.

Markers Menu Map

The menu map on the next page illustrates all fields and the available options in the Markers menu. The menu map will help you get an overview as well as provide you with a quick reference of what the Marker menu contains.

5-2

The Marker Menu

Markers Fiel d M enu Map

5-3

The Marker Menu

Markers Fiel d M enu Map (Continu ed)

5-4

Manual Time Markers Options

When you touch the T Markers field on the display, a pop-up menu appears. When you touch the On field in the pop-up to turn T Markers On, you can manually move the Tx and To markers to make time measurements.

When you touch the On field in the T Markers menu, three new fields appear to the right of the T Markers field: Tx to To, Trig to X, and Trig to O fields. These fields allow you to position the Tx marker and the To marker by entering time values for these markers. When time markers are turned on and voltage markers are turned off, the channel label field displays voltage values for the Tx and To markers except for waveforms where Overlay mode has been selected in the Waveform Selection menu.

5-5

The Marker Menu

Tx to To Field

The Tx to To field displays the time difference (delta time) between the Tx marker and the To marker. When you select the Tx to To field, turning the knob moves both the Tx and To markers across the display without changing the value in the Tx to To field. However, the values in the Trig to X and Trig to O fields will change to reflect the movement of the Tx and To markers.

You can change the value in the Tx to To field by changing the Trig to X or Trig to O values, or by changing the Tx to To value from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the Tx to To field when the field is light blue.

When you change the time value of Tx to To by using the keypad, the difference between the new value and old value is divided in half. Each half is then either added to or subtracted from the Tx marker while the other half is either added to or subtracted from the To marker, depending on one of four possibilities.

If the Tx marker is to the left of the To marker and you are increasing the

•

time between markers, subtract one half from the Tx marker value and add the other half to the To marker value.

If the Tx marker is to the left of the To marker and you are decreasing the

•

time between markers, add one half to the Tx marker value and subtract the other half from the To marker value.

If the To marker is to the left of the Tx marker and you are increasing the

•

time between markers, subtract one half from the To marker value and add the other half to the Tx marker value.

If the To marker is to the left of the Tx marker and you are decreasing the

•

time between markers, add one half to the To marker value and subtract the other half from the To marker value.

5-6

The Marker Menu

Trig to X Field

Example

The Tx marker is to the left of the To marker

The Tx to To marker is originally set to 352 µs

The Trig to X field is originally 8 µs

The Trig to O field is originally 360 µs

Then, using the keypad, decrease the value of Tx to To to 200 µs. The difference between the original value (352) and the new value (200) is 152. Half that value is 76. Adding 76 to the old Trig to X value (76 + 8) = 84. Subtracting 76 from the old Trig to O value (360 - 76) = 284.

Trig to X Field

The Tx marker is shown on the waveform display as a vertical dashed green line. The border around the Trig to X field is also green so that you can correlate the value in that field to the green Tx marker. The time displayed in the Trig to X field is measured from the trigger point to the Tx marker. The trigger point is shown as a vertical dotted red line at the center of the waveform display when Delay equals zero. The trigger point is always time 0.

When you select the Trig to X field, you can change the time value by turning the knob or by entering a time value from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the Trig to X field when the field is light blue.

Resolution for Trig to X time values is 2% of the sweep speed setting. The default value for the Trig to X field is 0 s.

5-7

The Marker Menu

Trig to O Fiel d

Trig to O Field

The To marker is shown on the waveform display as a vertical dashed yellow line. The border around the Trig to O field is also yellow so that you can correlate the value in that field to the yellow To marker. The time displayed in the Trig to O field is measured from the trigger point to the To marker.

When you select the Trig to O field, you can change the time value by turning the knob or by entering a time value from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the Trig to O field when the field is light blue.

Resolution for Trig to O time values is 2% of the sweep speed setting. The default value for the Trig to O field is 0 s.

Channel Label Field

The channel label field is the dark blue field to the left of the waveform display. When you turn time markers on with voltage markers off, the voltage values where the Tx and To markers intersect each waveform are displayed under each channel label.

When you touch the Trig to X field and turn the knob, the Tx marker (green) will move across the display. As you move the marker, the time value in the Trig to X field changes. A negative time value indicates the marker is placed before the trigger point, and a positive time value indicates the marker is placed after the trigger point.

As you turn the knob when either the Trig to X or Trig to O field is selected, the time value in the Tx to To field also changes, showing the time difference between the Tx and To markers. If the time displayed in the Tx to To field is negative, the To marker is to the left of the Tx marker.

5-8

The Marker Menu

T Marker Valu e Display

As you move the Tx marker from a low portion on the waveform to a high portion, the X voltage value under the input label in the channel label field also changes.

When you touch the Trig to O field and turn the knob, the To marker (yellow) will move, and the time and voltage values will change just as they did for the Tx marker.

When you touch the Tx to To field and turn the knob, the Tx and To markers will move in unison and maintain the preset Tx to To time value.

You can also change the Tx to To, Trig to X, and Trig to O fields with the pop-up keypad. Refer to the earlier paragraph entitled "Tx to To Field" for a description and results of keypad entries in the Tx to To field.

T Marker Value Display

Any time the markers (either voltage and/or time) are turned on, the current marker settings may be displayed on the channel, trigger, display and auto-measure menus by using the Display Options field located to the right of the time base Delay field. The Display Options field provides a pop-up menu that allows you to either select to set channel labels or to view the Sample Period display or the Marker Value display.

The Marker Value display consists of two blocks. One contains settings for the voltage markers, the second contains settings for the time markers. If only one set of markers is turned on, only one of the two blocks will appear on the screen.

On the Marker menu, if time markers are turned off, the Sample Period display will appear on the marker menu. If time markers are selected as either On or Auto, the Sample Period display is not visible on the Marker menu.

The Display Options field never appears on the Marker menu.

5-9

Automatic Time Marker Options

When you touch the T Markers field a pop-up menu appears. When you touch the Auto field in the pop-up, a pop-up menu for automatic time marker measurements is displayed.

The automatic time marker measurements are made by setting the time markers to levels that are either a percentage of the top-to-base voltage value of a waveform or that specify voltage levels. The top-to-base voltage value of a waveform is typically not the same as the peak-to-peak voltage value. The oscilloscope determines the top and base voltages by finding the flattest portions of the top and bottom of the waveform. The top and base values do not typically include preshoot or overshoot of the waveform. The peak-to-peak voltage is the difference between the minimum and maximum voltages found on the waveform.

If the signal is clipped, the time markers will not be automatically placed.

When searching for the marker patterns, the search will occur only on that part of the waveform that is displayed, not the entire stored waveform.

The default Auto markers pop-up menu options are discussed in the following paragraphs.

5-10

The Marker Menu

Done Field

You touch the Done field when you are done entering data in the auto-markers pop-up and want to return to the waveform display.

Set on Field

The Set on field assigns an input waveform to the Tx or To marker, or allows the marker to be set manually (with the MANUAL selection in the pop-up). When you touch the Set on field, a pop-up appears showing all waveform sources available.

What is displayed on the pop-up depends on how many oscilloscope boards are installed in the mainframe and in which slots they are installed.

The default selection for the Set on field is the lowest letter and number combination. For example, if oscilloscope boards are installed in mainframe slots C and D, the Set on field will default to C1 for both the Tx and To markers.

Type Field

The Type field selects the units in which an automatic time marker level will be specified. The automatic time marker can have a level expressed as either a percentage of the waveform top-base voltage (Percent) or as an absolute voltage level (Absolute).

The default selection is Percent.

5-11

The Marker Menu

at Level Fie ld

at Level Field

When the marker Type is Percent, the at Level field sets the Tx or To marker to a percentage level (from 10% to 90%) of the top-base voltage on the waveform selected by the Set on field. When you select the at Level field, you can change the percentage by turning the knob or by entering a value from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the at Level field when the field is light blue. You can enter any percentage from 10% to 90% in increments of 1%.

The default value for the at Level field is 50%. When the marker Type is Absolute, the at Level field sets the Tx or To

marker to the specific voltage level. The allowable voltage range that can be selected is the vertical range for the selected channel (that is: offset ± 2 times V/div). You can change the voltage level by either turning the knob or by entering a value from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the at Level field when the field is light blue. You can enter any voltage from -12V to 4V in increments of 30mV.

The power up default value for at Level field is the selected channel offset value. If the vertical range parameters (for example: v/div, offset, probe factor) of a channel are changed such that the current at Level voltage is no longer valid, the at Level voltage will track the limit of the vertical range.

5-12

The Marker Menu

Slope Field

The Slope field sets the Tx or To marker on either the positive or negative edge of the selected occurrence of a waveform. When you touch the Slope field, the slope toggles between Positive and Negative.

The default selection for the Slope field is Positive.

Occur Field

The Occur field sets the Tx or To marker on a specific occurrence of a displayed edge on the waveform. You can define the edge to be displayed all the way from the 1st edge up to the 100th edge. The count of edge occurrences is made starting with the first edge displayed on the screen.

Auto-marker measurements are made with data that is displayed on the screen. Make sure the data of interest is fully displayed on the screen.

When the Occur field is selected, you can change the occurrence by turning the knob or by entering a new value from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the Occur field when the field is light blue. Any number from 1 to 100 in increments of 1 can be entered.

The default value for the Occur field is 1.

5-13

The Marker Menu

Statistics Field

The Statistics field allows you to make minimum, maximum, and mean time interval measurements from marker Tx to marker To. When you touch the Statistics field, it toggles between On and Off. The default selection for the Statistics field is On.

When Statistics is set to On, Min X-O, Max X-O, and Mean X-O appear together in a tan-colored field to the right of the T Markers field on the marker menu.

When Statistics is set to On, the minimum, maximum, and mean (average) Tx to To marker time interval data is accumulated and displayed until one of the following happens:

Auto is deselected as the T Marker option.

•

Auto-marker parameters are changed.

•

Statistics is set to Off.

•

Run Repetitive mode is stopped.

•

Off

When Statistics is set to Off, the Tx to To, Trig to X, and Trig to O fields appear next to the Markers field on the Marker menu.

The marker statistics (minimum, maximum, and mean) are reset to zero only when you touch the Done field on the auto-markers pop-up after making a change to one of the auto-marker placement specification fields (Set On, Type, Level, Slope, or Occur).

Other oscilloscope menu changes do not reset marker statistics, but may have an impact on the values computed for the marker statistics.

5-14

The Marker Menu

Run Until Time X-O Field

This field allows you to set up a stop condition for the time interval between the Tx marker and To marker. When the stop condition is met, the oscilloscope stops making acquisitions and displays the message "Stop condition satisfied." You define the stop conditions with selections you make after you touch the Run Until Time X-O field. The default selection for this field is Off.

The Run Until Time X-O feature is only valid if the Run field is set to Repetitive.

Less Than Field

When you select this field from the pop-up, a time value field appears next to the Run Until Time X-O Less Than field. The time value field default value is 0 s.

When you select the time value field, you can enter the time by turning the knob or by entering a value from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the time value field when the field is light blue. For keypad entries, resolution is 10 ps at times up to ±99.99 ns and can be set to 5-digit resolution for other times up to ±100 Ms. Positive times are used when the Tx marker is displayed before the To marker, and negative times are used when the To marker is displayed before the Tx marker.

When you select Less Than, the oscilloscope runs until the Tx-To time interval is less than the value entered for the Less Than time field. When the condition is met, the oscilloscope stops making acquisitions and displays the message "Stop condition satisfied."

5-15

The Marker Menu

Run Until Time X-O Field

Greater Than Field

When you select this field from the pop-up, a time value field appears next to the Run Until Time X-O Greater Than field. The time value field default value is 0 s. When you select the time value field, you can enter the time in the same manner as for the Less Than field.

When you select Greater Than, the oscilloscope runs until the Tx-To time interval is greater than the value entered for the Greater Than time field. When the condition is met, the oscilloscope stops making acquisitions and displays the message "Stop condition satisfied."

In Range Field

When you select this field from the pop-up, two time value fields appear next to the Run Until Time X-O In Range field. You need to enter the time range values for the stop condition in these two time fields. Select each time value field, in turn, and enter the time value in the same manner as for the Less Than field.

When you select In Range, the oscilloscope runs until the Tx-To time interval is in the range of the time values entered for the In Range time fields. When the condition is met, the oscilloscope stops making acquisitions and displays the message "Stop condition satisfied."

Not In Range Field

When you select this field from the pop-up, two time value fields appear next to the Run Until Time X-O Not In Range field. You need to enter the time range values for the stop condition in these two time fields. Select each time value field, in turn, and enter the time values in the same manner as for the Less Than field.

When Not In Range is selected, the oscilloscope runs until the Tx-To time interval is not in the range of the time values entered for the Not In Range time fields. When the condition is met, the oscilloscope stops acquisitions and displays the message "Stop condition satisfied."

5-16

Manual/Automatic Time Markers Option

The manual/automatic combination allows you to have one marker set to automatic mode and one marker set to be controlled manually with the knob.

Setting the Manual/Automatic Time Markers Option

To set the manual/automatic option you touch the T Markers field and select the Auto field from the pop-up. You then touch the Set on field for either the Tx or To marker, and then select MANUAL from the pop-up menu.

When you touch Done in the auto-markers pop-up menu, you return to the waveform display. Now when you touch the T Markers field again and select On from the pop-up menu, the marker you selected with the MANUAL field is set to the manual mode and the other marker is set to fall on the parameters you set while in the automatic mode.

Example

While in Auto markers mode set the conditions to:

Tx>: X1, positive slope, occur 1 To>: MANUAL

Now set the T Marker Mode to On and Run Repetitively. You can now control the To marker with the knob, but the Tx marker is controlled by the setup you made in Auto Markers (that is, it will fall on the leading edge of the first displayed positive pulse). If you move the Tx marker, it will default to MANUAL mode and will no longer be set automatically.

5-17

Voltage Markers Options

When you touch the V Markers field on the display, a pop-up menu appears. When you touch the On field in the pop-up to turn Voltage Markers On, you can manually move the Va and Vb markers to make voltage measurements.

When you touch the On field in the V Markers menu, five new fields appear to the right of the V Markers field: Va On, Va Volts, Vb On, Vb Volts, and Va to Vb fields. These fields allow you to position the Va marker and the Vb marker by entering channel numbers and voltage levels for these markers.

If you turn the voltage markers on while the time markers are also turned on, the voltage levels that correspond to the time marker waveform crossings will be deleted from the channel label field. If you turn the voltage markers off while the time markers are turned on, the voltage levels that correspond to the time marker waveform crossings will appear in the channel label field.

When the oscilloscope is in Overlay mode, the Vo ltage Markers options are not available.

5-18

The Marker Menu

Va On Field

The Va marker is shown on the waveform display as a horizontal dashed green line. The border around the Va On field is also green so you can more easily correlate the value in this field to the green Va marker.

When you select the Va On field, you are able to assign the Va marker to one of the oscilloscope acquisition channels. A pop-up menu appears that lists all possible channels for assignment of the Va marker. The default channel is the lowest numbered channel in the oscilloscope.

The channel selected for assignment to the Va marker does not have to be displayed in the waveform area. If the selected waveform is not in the waveform area of the screen, the Va marker will not be displayed. If there are multiple occurrences of the selected waveform in the waveform area of the screen, only the uppermost occurrence of the waveform will display the Va marker.

Overlay and waveform math traces cannot be selected for voltage marker placement.

Va Volts Field

The Va marker is shown on the waveform display as a horizontal dashed green line. The border around the Va Volts field is also green so you can more easily correlate the value in this field to the green Va marker.

The voltage displayed in the Va Volts field is measured relative to the zero-volt reference for this channel.

When you select the Va Volts field, you can change the voltage value by turning the knob or by entering a voltage value from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the Va Volts field when the field is light blue.

The range of voltage levels for the Va Volts field is ±2 times maximum range for the selected channel. The maximum range value is affected by the probe factor and v/div settings.

5-19

The Marker Menu

Vb On Field

The Vb marker is shown on the waveform display as a horizontal dashed yellow line. The border around the Vb On field is also yellow so you can more easily correlate the value in this field to the yellow Vb marker.

When you select the Vb On field, you are able to assign the Vb marker to one of the oscilloscope acquisition channels. A pop-up menu appears that lists all possible channels for assignment of the Vb marker. The default channel is the lowest numbered channel in the oscilloscope.

The channel selected for assignment to the Vb marker does not have to be displayed in the waveform area. If the selected waveform is not in the waveform area of the screen, the Vb marker will not be displayed. If there are multiple occurrences of the selected waveform in the waveform area of the screen, only the uppermost occurrence of the waveform will display the Vb marker.

Overlay and waveform math traces cannot be selected for voltage marker placement.

Vb Volts Field

The Vb marker is shown on the waveform display as a horizontal dashed yellow line. The border around the Vb Volts field is also yellow so you can more easily correlate the value in this field to the yellow Vb marker.

The voltage displayed in the Vb Volts field is measured relative to the 0V reference for this channel.

When you select the Vb Volts field, you can change the voltage value by turning the knob or by entering a voltage value from the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the Vb Volts field when the field is light blue.

The range of voltage levels for the Vb Volts field is ±2 times maximum range for the selected channel. The maximum range value is affected by the probe factor and V/div settings.

5-20

The Marker Menu

Va to Vb Field

This field displays the difference between the Va and Vb markers. This value is dependent on channel selections and represents Vb minus Va.

Center Screen Field

The Center Screen field appears on the right side of the Marker menu. The Center Screen field is used to modify the horizontal (time base) position of the waveform display.

When you select the Center Screen field, a pop-up menu appears that lets you chose a time marker for use as the center point of the display. You also have the option of canceling the center screen function.

If time markers are turned off, the only marker choice available on the Center screen pop-up will be the trigger marker. If time markers are turned on, the Tx and To markers will also appear in the Center Screen pop-up menu. If the auto time markers are enabled, only the trigger marker appears in the Center Screen pop-up menu.

Selecting one of the possible time markers for centering the waveform data will cause the time base delay value to be changed such that the selected marker is positioned at the center of the screen. All acquisition channels are shifted when the trace data is centered. The time base delay field value will be updated when the centering operation is performed.

5-21

The Marker Menu

V Marker Value Display

Any time the markers (either voltage and/or time) are turned on, the current marker settings may be displayed on the channel, trigger, display and auto-measure menus by using the Display Options field located to the right of the time base Delay field. The Display Options field provides a pop-up menu that allows you to select to set channel labels or to view the Sample Period display or the Marker Value display.

On the marker menu, if time markers are turned off, the Sample Period display will appear on the Marker menu. If time markers are selected as either On or Auto, the Sample Period display is not visible on the Marker menu.

The Display Options field never appears on the Marker menu.

5-22

The Trigger Menu

When you are set up in a multi-card configuration, only the master card input channels are recognized as the trigger source. The oscilloscope will not trigger on inputs from the other cards in a multi-card setup.

This chapter discusses how triggering works in a single card configuration or in the master card in a multi-card configuration.

You access the trigger options through the Mode field which is located at the leftmost position of the middle row of fields in the Trigger menu. The Mode field allows you to select the method you want to use to trigger the oscilloscope for a particular application. When you touch the Mode field, a pop-up menu appears, showing the three modes that are available:

• Edge

• Pattern

• Immediate

This chapter explains what the trigger marker is, how to access the different trigger modes, and what each trigger mode does.

The default selection for the Trigger field is Edge.

Trigger Menu Map

The menu map on the next page illustrates all fields and the available options in the Trigger menu. The menu map will help you get an overview as well as provide you with a quick reference of what the Trigger menu contains.

6-2

The Trigger Menu

Trigger Field Menu Map

6-3

Trigger Marker

The trigger marker is the dotted vertical red line at the center of the waveform display. The point where the waveform from the trigger source crosses the trigger marker is called the trigger point. The trigger point always represents a delay time of zero seconds.

If you set delay time to greater than ±5 times the sweep speed, the trigger marker will move off the screen.

6-4

Edge Trigger Mode

When you are set up in a multi-card configuration, only the master card input channels are recognized as the trigger source. The master card is the card at the top of the module. The oscilloscope will not edge trigger on inputs from the other cards in a multi-card setup.

This section discusses how edge triggering works in a single-card module or in the master card in a multi-card configuration.

Edge triggering is the type of triggering found in all oscilloscopes. In the edge trigger mode, the oscilloscope triggers at a specified voltage level on a rising or falling edge of one of the input channels or the external trigger input. In this mode you can specify which input is the trigger source, set a trigger level voltage (except for Ext, which is set

to −1.3 V), and specify which edge to trigger on. When you touch the Mode field, Edge can be selected from the

pop-up menu. Menu selections for the edge trigger mode are discussed in the following paragraphs.

6-5

The Trigger Menu

Source Field

When you touch the Source field, a pop-up menu appears showing the inputs available as the trigger source. You can set the trigger source to be any one of the input signals of the master card. The source can be input X1, X2, or Ext, where X equals the oscilloscope slot letter and Ext equals an ECL-level external trigger.

When you have two or more HP 16533/34A modules connected together, you can only specify the channels on the master HP 16533/34A module as the trigger source.

At power-up, the default channel input selection for the Source field is channel 1.

6-6

The Trigger Menu

Level Field

The Level field shows the trigger level voltage value. When the voltage value on the trigger source equals the trigger level, the oscilloscope triggers. The point at which the oscilloscope triggers is called the trigger point (see the illustration below). The trigger point is shown on the screen as a vertical dotted red line, called the trigger marker. At zero delay time, the trigger marker is located at the horizontal center of the screen. At delay time T trigger point is offset left (positive delay) or right (negative delay) from the horizontal center of the screen by time T

When you change the trigger level voltage value, the waveform moves horizontally on the display to maintain the trigger point. (That is, the point where the waveform voltage value equals the trigger point voltage value.) This is illustrated below.

, the

6-7

The Trigger Menu

Level Field

If the trigger point voltage level is set above or below the waveform amplitude, the trigger point cannot be found. If Auto-Trig is set to On, this causes the waveform display to become unsynchronized and to "float" on the display. If Auto-Trig is set to Off, the message "Waiting for trigger" is displayed.

The trigger point voltage can be set, either by the autoscale function, or by a voltage value set into the Level field. When you touch the Level field and turn it light blue, you can change the value of the trigger level voltage by turning the knob.

The trigger level can be set to any voltage value contained within the waveform display window, in increments of 0.05% of full scale vertical voltage range (V/Div × 4 divisions = full scale). For example, if full scale voltage range were 400 mV, trigger level would be set in increments of 2 mV (V/Div = 100 mV × 4 × 0.005 = 2 mV).

Trigger level values can also be entered with the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you select the Level field when the field is white (already selected once). You can enter any value, in 0.05% increments of full scale vertical voltage range. Values entered that are not in this range will be rounded to the nearest 0.05% increment.

Since the trigger level range is limited by the voltage values displayed in the waveform window, the voltage window limits can be easily determined. Turn the knob in both directions until the Level field reads minimum and maximum voltage. These voltage values are the limits of the waveform window. However, if the level is set at the edge of a window and offset for that channel is changed, the trigger level will track that change, thereby changing the window limits.

If the trigger source channel (except EXT) is displayed in the waveform area of the screen, the trigger level marker will appear on the screen as a horizontal dashed red line. The trigger level marker will move up and down on the screen as the trigger level voltage is changed.

If the trigger source channel is not in the waveform area of the screen, the trigger level marker will not be displayed.

If there are multiple occurrences of the trigger source waveform in the waveform area of the screen, only the uppermost occurrence of the trigger source waveform will display the trigger source marker.

The trigger level marker will only appear when the trigger menu is selected. The default value for the Level field is 1.620 V (TTL preset value).

6-8

The Trigger Menu

Slope Field

You can set the trigger slope to trigger on either the positive or negative edge of the trigger source waveform. When you touch the Slope field, the field toggles between Positive and Negative.

The default selection for the Slope field is Positive.

Count Field

In edge trigger mode, you can define a positive or negative edge and the trigger level as a trigger qualifier. When the oscilloscope detects the trigger qualifier, it will trigger at a user-specified number of edges (Count field) on the waveform.

The Count field defines the number of trigger events that must occur after the first trigger qualifier before the oscilloscope will trigger and acquire a waveform.

Count can be set to any integer from 1 to 32,000. When the Count field is selected, the trigger events count can be changed by turning the knob or by entering a value from the pop-up keypad.

This type of triggering is commonly referred to as "events triggering" or "delay-by-events triggering". It is very useful when trying to trigger on a specific pulse in a burst of pulses, with a long time delay, before the next burst occurs.

The default value for the Count field is 1.

6-9

The Trigger Menu

Auto-Trig Field

The Auto-Trig field allows you to specify whether or not the acquisitions should wait for the specified trigger condition to occur. When you touch the Auto-Trig field, the field toggles between On and Off. The On and Off fields are discussed below.

The default selection for the Auto-Trig field is On.

When you set auto-trigger to On, the oscilloscope waits approximately 50 ms (20-Hz rate) for a trigger to occur. If a trigger does not occur within that time, the current contents of acquisition memory are displayed. The message "Auto triggered" is displayed if one of the following conditions occurs:

No signal is on the input. In this case, the oscilloscope will display a

•

baseline. There is a signal but the specified trigger condition has not been met. In

•

this case, the waveform display will not be synchronized to a trigger point.

Off

When you set auto-trigger to Off, the oscilloscope waits until a trigger is received before the waveform display is updated. If a trigger does not occur, the screen is not updated and the message "Waiting for Trigger" is displayed. Use this mode when:

The trigger source signal has less than a 20-Hz repetition rate.

•

The trigger events counter (refer to Count field, below) is set so that the

•

number of trigger events would not occur before approximately 50 ms. When you want to trigger on a specific event only.

•

6-10

Pattern Trigger Mode

When you are set up in a multi-card configuration, only the master card input channels are recognized as the trigger source. The oscilloscope will not pattern trigger on inputs from the other cards in a multi-card setup.

This chapter discusses how pattern triggering works in a single-card module or in the master card in a multi-card module.

Pattern trigger mode allows you to trigger the oscilloscope upon entering or exiting a specified pattern of the trigger channels and the external trigger input or by specifying a pattern duration or range.

When you have two or more HP 16533/34A modules connected together, you can only specify the channels on the master HP 16533/34A module as the trigger source.

When you touch the Mode field, Pattern can be selected from the pop-up menu.

6-11

The Trigger Menu

Channel/Pattern Field

The Channel/Pattern field is located next to the Mode field. It allows you to enter a pattern for the combination of the input channels and the ECL external trigger.

Channel

The Channel row lists the inputs available on the oscilloscope module being used. Channels are numbered 1, 2, and Ex. Ex is for the ECL external trigger.

Pattern

Each entry in the pattern shown in the Pattern row shows the trigger condition of the input above it in the Channel row.

You must set the trigger level for each input you want to use in the pattern. You set the trigger levels using the knob or keypad to set the value in the Level field in the Edge trigger mode. Setting these levels sets the threshold of each input for high and low levels in the pattern. The trigger level marker does not appear when Pattern mode triggering is selected.

The pattern for each input may be specified as high (H), low (L), or "don’t care" (X). H, L, and X conditions are as follows:

−

the voltage value of this input channel must be greater than the edge

•

trigger level of this input.

−

the voltage level of this input channel must be less than the edge

•

trigger level of this input.

−

is a "don’t care" condition. The "don’t care" means the associated

•

input channel will not be used in the pattern for the trigger qualifier. It does not equate to "trigger on anything."

The default condition for all patterns is X, "don’t care." To change the pattern, touch the Channel/Pattern field. A pop-up keypad will appear which allows you to assign the pattern conditions.

6-12

The Trigger Menu

When Field

To enter a pattern, touch either X, L, or H on the pop-up keypad. The entries you make appear at the top of the pop-up keypad as they are entered. If you make a mistake, turn the knob to move the highlight to the entry to be corrected and select the correct entry, or touch CLEAR to change all entries back to X and enter the correct values. If the pattern is correct, touch DONE.

A pattern of XXX says to us e NO channels to find the tr igger. It does not equate to Immediate Mode when Aut o-Trig is set to Off. This ev ent will never occur in the hardware. Do not confuse XXX with "don’t care, trig ger on anything."

When Field

When you touch this field, a pop-up menu appears that lets you specify the trigger When condition.

Pattern Trigger When Condition Pop-up Menu

The Pattern When pop-up menu is used to specify the trigger when condition for pattern triggering. Once a selection has been made, you touch the Done field to exit the pop-up menu and return to the trigger menu. The trigger condition selected will now appear in the When field.

The default selection for the When field is When Entered.

When Entered

the first transition that makes the pattern specification true for every input used in the pattern trigger specification. If the count set in the Count field is more than 1, the pattern must be true for the number of times set in the count field.

When Exited

first transition that causes the pattern specification to be false for every input used in the pattern trigger specification. If the count set in the Count field is more than 1, the pattern must be true for the number of times set in the count field before turning false.

When this field is active, the oscilloscope triggers on

When this field is active, the oscilloscope triggers on the

6-13

The Trigger Menu

When Field

Example

Present >

transition that causes the pattern specification to be false for every input used in the pattern trigger specification if the specified pattern has been true for the time duration specified. If the pattern specification becomes false before the specified duration time has elapsed, the search for a trigger condition starts again. If the pattern specification remains true longer than the specified duration time, the trigger point will be the point at which the pattern specification becomes false.

The pattern duration time can be any value between 20 ns and 160 ms in 10 ns steps.

If the count set in the Count field is one, the trigger event will be the first pattern event that meets both the pattern specification and the duration specification. If the count is greater than one, only the first pattern event must meet the duration specification. Once the pattern duration specification has been met, subsequent pattern events that meet the pattern specification can be of any duration and each such pattern event will contribute to meeting the count specification.

With a pattern specification of HXX, a duration specification of >100 ns, and a count of 3; a pulse string with pulse widths 80 ns, 150 ns, 50 ns, 75 ns, 20 ns, 200 ns would trigger on the trailing edge of the 75 ns pulse. In this example, the 150 ns pulse meets the duration specification and is count 1, the 50 ns pulse is count 2, and the 75 ns pulse is count 3.

When this field is active, the scope triggers on the first

Present <

transition that causes the pattern specification to be false for every input used in the pattern trigger specification if the specified pattern has been true for less than the time duration specified. If the pattern specification remains true after the specified duration time has elapsed, the search for a trigger condition starts again the next time the pattern specification becomes true. If the pattern specification becomes false before the specified duration time, the trigger point will be the point at which the pattern specification becomes false.

The pattern duration time can be any value between 20 ns and 160 ms in 10 ns steps.

6-14

When this field is active, the scope triggers on the first

The Trigger Menu

When Field

Example

With a pattern specification of HXX, a duration specification of <100 ns, and a count of 3; a pulse string with pulse widths 200 ns, 80 ns, 150 ns, 50 ns, 75 ns, 20 ns would trigger on the trailing edge of the 50 ns pulse. In this example, the 80 ns pulse meets the duration specification and is count 1, the 150 ns pulse is count 2, and the 50 ns pulse is count 3.

Range

that causes the pattern specification to be false for every input used in the pattern trigger specification if the specified pattern has been true for greater than the first time value and less than the second time value that make up the pattern duration range.

If the pattern specification remains true for longer than the maximum duration range limit or becomes false before the minimum duration range limit, the search for a trigger condition starts again the next time the pattern specification becomes true. If the pattern specification becomes false within the specified duration time range, the trigger point will be the point at which the pattern specification becomes false.

The minimum pattern duration time can be any value between 20 ns and 160 ms in 10 ns steps. The maximum pattern duration time must be at least 10 ns greater than the minimum time value.

When this field is active, the scope triggers on the first transition

6-15

The Trigger Menu

Count Field

Example

With a pattern specification of HXX, a duration specification of >60 ns and <100 ns, and a count of 3; a pulse string with pulse widths 200 ns, 80 ns, 150 ns, 50 ns, 75 ns, 20 ns would trigger on the trailing edge of the 50 ns pulse. In this example, the 80 ns pulse meets the duration specification and is count 1, the 150 ns pulse is count 2, and the 50 ns pulse is count 3.

Count Field

In pattern trigger mode, you can define a pattern as a trigger qualifier. When the oscilloscope detects the trigger qualifier, it will trigger when a user-specified number of patterns have occurred (Count field) on all inputs.

The Count field defines the number of events that must occur after the first trigger qualifier before the oscilloscope will trigger and acquire a waveform.

Count can be set to any integer from 1 to 32,000. When the Count field is selected, the events count can be changed by turning the knob or by entering a value from the pop-up keypad.

The default value for the Count field is 1.

6-16

The Trigger Menu

Auto-Trig Field

The Auto-Trig field allows you to specify whether or not the acquisitions should wait for the specified pattern condition to occur. When you touch the Auto-Trig field, the field toggles between On and Off.

When you set auto-trigger to On, the oscilloscope waits for approximately 50 ms (20 Hz rate) for a trigger to occur. If a trigger does not occur within that time, the current contents of acquisition memory are displayed. The message "Auto triggered" is displayed if one of the following conditions occurs:

If no signal is on the input. In this case, the oscilloscope will display a

•

baseline. If there is a signal but the specified pattern condition has not been met.

•

In this case, the waveform display is not synchronized to a trigger point.

Off

The trigger source signal has less than a 20-Hz repetition rate.

•

The trigger events counter (refer to Count field, below) is set so that the

•

number of trigger pattern events would not occur before approximately 50 ms.

When you want to trigger on a specific event only.

•

When using pattern duration triggering and the events that meet the

•

duration specification occur infrequently.

The default selection for the Auto-Trig field is On.

6-17

Immediate Trigger Mode

This section discusses how immediate triggering works in a single-card module or in the master card in a multi-card module.

Immediate trigger mode causes the oscilloscope to trigger by itself. When you touch the Mode field, Immediate can be selected from the pop-up menu.

Immediate trigger mode can be used for dual timebase (intermodule) applications where, for instance, one oscilloscope module arms another oscilloscope module, or another module (such as a logic analyzer) arms the oscilloscope.

This mode is very similar to Auto-Trig On, but immediate mode does not wait for a specified event to occur.

6-18

Intermodule Measurements

If you set the oscilloscope module to Group Run in the Intermodule module menu, the oscilloscope waits until it is armed by the input port or by another module before it begins to search for its own trigger condition. By using the Group Run option you can time-correlate the measurements from various modules (for example, the oscilloscope and a timing analyzer) and display data from several modules on one display.

If you set the oscilloscope module to Independent in the Intermodule Menu, the oscilloscope will be in the free-run mode and the waveform display will not be synchronized with the other measurement modules in your system.

Pattern duration trigger cannot be used when the oscilloscope is armed by another module or by BNC PORT IN as set up on the IMB menu.

More information about intermodule applications can be found in the

HP 16500/16501A Logic Analysis System User’s Reference and the HP 16500/16501A User’s Guide.

6-19

6-20

The Display Menu

The Display options control how the oscilloscope acquires and displays waveforms. You can cause the oscilloscope to acquire and display the waveforms in one of the following modes:

• Normal

• Average

• Accumulate

The Display options also control the connect-the-dots display and grid display features.

Display Menu Map

The menu map on the next page illustrates all fields and the available options in the Display menu. The menu map will help you get an overview as well as provide you with a quick reference of what the Display menu contains.

7-2

Display Fi eld Menu Map

The Displa y Menu

7-3

The Displa y Menu

Mode Field

The Mode field determines how waveform information is acquired and displayed. When you touch the Mode field, a pop-up menu appears. You can select Normal, Average, or Accumulate from the pop-up. The default selection for the Mode field is Normal.

Normal Mode

In Normal mode, the oscilloscope acquires waveform data and displays the waveform acquired from that data. When the oscilloscope makes a new acquisition, it erases the previously acquired waveform from the display, and displays the newly acquired waveform. This is an on-going process for as long as the oscilloscope is running repetitively, or whenever you make a single mode run. That is; acquire data, erase display, display new data, acquire data, erase display, display new data, etc.

Average Mode

In Average mode, the oscilloscope averages the most recently acquired data points on a waveform with previously acquired data. Averaging helps eliminate random noise from your displayed waveforms.

When you select Average mode, a new field appears next to the Mode field which allows you to select the number of waveform acquisitions to average. When you touch the Average # field, the field will turn a light-blue color. When the field is light blue, you can change the number in the field by turning the knob. The number of averages can be set to 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256. The default value for the Average # field is 8.

You can also change the value in the Average # field with the pop-up keypad. The keypad appears when you touch the Average # field when that field is light blue. The numbers you can enter are the same as with the knob (any power of two from 2 to 256). Any value entered from the keypad that is not a power of two will be rounded to the nearest power of two (from the choices available).

7-4

The Displa y Menu

Mode Field

As an example of average mode usage, assume the Average # field is set to 16 and the Run mode is set to Repetitive. When you touch the Run field, the oscilloscope starts acquiring waveform data and averaging it. After the initial 16 waveforms are acquired, the oscilloscope momentarily displays the advisory message "Number of averages has been met." Once the initial 16 waveforms are acquired, all new data is weighed at 1/N and is averaged with the previous data. All data is retained.

If you set the Run mode to Single, acquisitions are not made until you touch the Run field. If Average # is set to 16, as in the previous example, the "Number of averages has been met" message will not be displayed until you have touched the Run field 16 times.

If you bring a waveform that is being averaged in the oscilloscope into the waveform display of another time correlated module, such as another oscilloscope or a timing analyzer, the waveform will not continue to average. Only the most recent acquisition, not the average trace data, will appear on the screen. To view an averaged mode trace with other time correlated waveforms, bring those other waveforms into the display of the oscilloscope that is setup for average mode (only oscilloscope signals acquired by that oscilloscope will be averaged on the display).

Panning or zooming an averaged waveform causes the waveform to redraw with only the most recent acquisition on the display.

Accumulate Mode

In Accumulate mode, the oscilloscope accumulates all waveform acquisitions and displays them on the screen without erasing the previously acquired waveforms. This is similar to infinite persistence on an analog storage oscilloscope. These acquisitions will stay on the display until Mode is changed, or until the waveform is adjusted by a control that causes the display to change, such as s/Div, Delay, or Connect Dots from On to Off.

When in Accumulate mode, the operation of the display grid follows special rules when turned on or off (refer to the Grid Field paragraph later in this chapter).

The waveform s t hat are generated i n Accumulate mode cannot be stored to file or printed directly; on ly t he latest waveform will be saved or printed. If your HP 16500 system has LAN capability, the accumulated waveforms can be accessed by FTPing to the /system/graphics directory. The accumulated data is in all of the th ree graphics files.

7-5

The Displa y Menu

Connect Dots Field

The oscilloscope display can optionally be enhanced to show a better picture of a waveform. This is done by using the Connect Dots On or Connect Dots Off feature of the display. The default setting for the Connect Dots field is Off.

If an edge is fast enough (relative to the sample rate), the signal may begin to look like dots scattered around the display. This is because each sample is displayed as a single dot.

To give you a better idea of what the waveform looks like, the oscilloscope has a feature that connects the sample dots together. Touching the Connect Dots field will toggle the field between On and Off.

With Connect Dots On, each displayed sample is connected to the adjacent sample. The waveform displayed with Connect Dots set to On is better defined and easier to see.

Off

With Connect Dots Off, each sample is displayed separately; that is, it is not connected to the adjacent sample. The waveform displayed with Connect Dots set to Off is the default mode of operation.

7-6

The Displa y Menu

Grid Field

The oscilloscope display can optionally be divided into horizontal and vertical grids by using the Grid On or Grid Off feature of the display. Touching the Grid field will toggle the field between On and Off. The default setting for the Grid field is Off.

Touching the Grid field when it reads Off will toggle the field to On, and will cause the screen to display a horizontal and vertical grid pattern.

In either Normal or Average modes, the grid can be turned On when the oscilloscope is not currently running and the grid will appear on screen immediately. If the oscilloscope is currently acquiring data, the grid will be drawn when the acquisition is completed. In Accumulate mode, the grid can be turned on at any time, but it will not be drawn until the next acquisition is completed or some change is made to the display screen that would cause the display to be erased and redrawn (that is: s/div, etc).

Off

Touching the Grid field when it reads On will toggle the field to Off, and will remove the grid pattern from the screen.

In either Normal or Average modes, the grid can be turned Off when the oscilloscope is not currently running and the grid will be erased from the screen immediately. If the scope is currently acquiring data, the grid will be erased when the current acquisition is completed. In Accumulate mode, the grid can be turned off at any time, but it will not be erased from the screen until some change is made to the display screen that would cause the display to be erased and redrawn (that is: s/div, etc).

7-7

The Displa y Menu

Acquisition Time Field

The Acquisition Time field time stamps each data acquisition. It is controlled by the real time system clock which is set up in the System Utility Menu. The real time clock cannot be modified from the Display menu. Refer to the

HP 16500 User’s Reference

The Acquisition Time field will be blank at system power-up. It will show the date and time of any acquisition when you touch the Run field and make the first data acquisition. The Acquisition Time field is displayed to the right of the Grid field once data has been acquired.

for details for setting the real time clock.

Display Options Field

The Display Options field allows you to display either sample period information or marker value information on the oscilloscope menus. It is also the means by which you access the scope channel labeling menu.

The Display Options field appears on the Channel, Trigger, Display and Auto-Measure menus. The number of selections that appear when you touch the Display Options field will vary depending on whether or not any of the markers are enabled. If no markers are enabled, the oscilloscope menus will always display sample period information and touching the Display Options field will yield a single possible selection, Set Channel Labels. If either voltage or time markers are enabled, touching the Display Options field will reveal three possible selections, Set Channel Labels, Display Sample Period, and Display Marker Values.

Set Channel Labels

Selecting Set Channel Labels from the Display Options pop-up will take you to the Scope Channel Labels menu. This menu allows you to assign labels to each of the oscilloscope channels. These labels will subsequently appear in the channel label area to the left of the waveform display area. The oscilloscope channel labels appear on single trace waveforms only. The default scope labels are used for overlay and waveform math displays.

7-8

The Displa y Menu

Display Options Field

To specify a Scope Channel Label, touch the field corresponding to the oscilloscope input you wish to label. The default Scope Channel Labels are the cardslot and input number you see elsewhere on the oscilloscope menus. When you touch one of the channel label fields, an alpha-numeric keypad will appear on screen. If you need to change a character in the Scope Channel Label, you can use the knob to move the cursor to the desired position. Scope Channel Labels are limited to five characters in length. The Clear field will erase the entire label. When you are finished specifying the label, touch Done to exit the keypad.

When all channels have been labeled, touch the Done field to return to the oscilloscope menu. Any oscilloscope channels you don’t label will retain their default label (cardslot and input number). To erase all scope channel labels for the oscilloscope, and return to the default oscilloscope channel labels, simply touch the Default field on the Scope Channel Labels menu.

Display Sample Period

Selecting the Display Sample Period option will cause the sample period information (see Sample Period Display in the Time Base Functions chapter) to be displayed on the scope menus. Sample period information is the default display option and is always displayed when markers are turned off.

Display Marker Values

Selecting the Display Marker Values option will cause the marker value information (see Marker Value Display in the Marker Options chapter) to be displayed on the oscilloscope menus. Marker values can only be selected when at least one of the markers have been enabled.

7-9

7-10

The Auto-Measure Menu

One of the primary features of the oscilloscope is its ability to make parametric measurements on displayed waveforms. This chapter provides details on how automatic measurements are performed and gives some tips on how to improve automatic measurement results.

You access the Auto-Measure menu by touching the menu field (top row, second from the left), then by selecting Auto-Measure from the pop-up menu that appears.

There are nine automatic measurements available in the automatic measurement menu:

• Period

• Risetime

• Falltime

• Frequency

• +Width

• -Width

• Vp_p

• Preshoot

• Overshoot

Auto-Measure Menu Map

The menu map on the next page illustrates all fields and the available options in the Auto-Measure menu. The menu map will help you get an overview as well as provide you with a quick reference of what the Auto-Measure menu contains.

8-2

Auto-Meas ure Menu Map

The Auto-Measure Menu

8-3

Automatic-Measurement Fields

There are two Automatic-Measurement fields. They are the Input field and the actual automatic measurement display. These fields are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Input Field

The Input field allows you to select the source of the waveform to be measured. When you touch this field, a pop-up menu appears showing the input sources. Be sure the proper source is selected for the input used. The options displayed in the Input pop-up menu are dependent upon how many cards are part of the oscilloscope module and in which slots they are installed.

The default selection for the Input field is the lowest lettered and numbered input channel of the module.

Automatic Measurements Display

The tan-colored field in the middle row of the menu is called the automatic measurements display. This display shows the nine automatic measurements that you can make. The measurements that this display shows are:

Period +Width Risetime Falltime Vp_p Freq Preshoot

"Automatic Measurement Algorithms" at the end of this chapter for an explanation of each of these fields.

8-4

−

Width

Overshoot

Automatic Measurement Prerequisites

This section gives you some helpful pointers to help you make automatic measurements easier.

Measurement Setup Requirements

Measurements typically should be made at the fastest possible sweep speed in order to obtain the most accurate measurement possible. You can only make automatic measurements with data that is currently being displayed in the waveform display area. Keep the following in mind when making measurements:

At least one full cycle of the waveform, with at least two like edges, must

•

be displayed for Period and Freq measurements. A complete positive pulse must be displayed to make a +Width

•

measurement. A complete negative pulse must be displayed to make a −Width

•

measurement. The leading (rising) edge of the waveform must be displayed for Risetime,

•

and rising edge Preshoot and Overshoot measurements. The trailing (falling) edge of the waveform must be displayed for Falltime,

•

and falling edge Preshoot and Overshoot measurements. Risetime, Falltime, Preshoot, and Overshoot measurements will be more

•

accurate if you expand the edge of the waveform by selecting a faster sweep speed.

If the signal is clipped, the automatic measurements cannot be made.

•

8-5

The Auto-Measure Menu

Criteria Used for Making Aut om atic Measurements

Criteria Used for Making Automatic Measurements

If more than one waveform, edge, or pulse is displayed, the measurements are made on the first (leftmost) portion of the displayed waveform that can be used. When any of the defined measurements are requested, the oscilloscope first determines the top (100%) and base (0%) voltages of the waveform. From this information, it can determine the other important voltage values (10% voltage, 90% voltage, and 50% voltage) required to make the measurements. The 10% and 90% voltage values are used in the rise time and fall time measurements. The 50% voltage value is used for measuring frequency, period, and pulse width.

8-6

HP 16534A, 16533A User Reference

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

The HP 16533/34A Digitizing Oscilloscope

In This Book

Contents

Run/Stop Options

Autoscale R un

Run Field

Stop Field

Autoscale

Autoscale Field Options

Autoscale Algorit h m

Menus and Fi elds Changed by the Autoscale Algorithm

The Channel Menu

Input Field

V/Div Field

Offset Field

Probe Field

Coupling Field

Preset Field

Time Base Functions

s/Div Field

Delay Field

Sample Period Field

The Marker Menu

Manual Time Markers Options

Tx to To Field

Trig to X Field

Trig to O Fiel d

Channel Label Field

T Marker Valu e Display

Automatic Time Marker Options

Done Field

Set on Field

Type Field

at Level Fie ld

Slope Field

Occur Field

Statistics Field

Run Until Time X-O Field

Manual/Automatic Time Markers Option

Setting the Manual/Automatic Time Markers Option

Voltage Markers Options

Va On Field

Va Volts Field

Vb On Field

Vb Volts Field

Va to Vb Field

Center Screen Field

V Marker Value Display

The Trigger Menu

Trigger Marker

Edge Trigger Mode

Source Field

Level Field

Slope Field

Count Field

Auto-Trig Field

Pattern Trigger Mode

Channel/Pattern Field

When Field

Count Field

Auto-Trig Field

Immediate Trigger Mode

Intermodule Measurements

The Display Menu

Mode Field

Connect Dots Field

Grid Field

Acquisition Time Field

Display Options Field

The Auto-Measure Menu

Automatic-Measurement Fields

Input Field

Automatic Measurements Display

Automatic Measurement Prerequisites

Measurement Setup Requirements

Criteria Used for Making Aut om atic Measurements