This manual covers engine selection, engine installation design and engine installation testing, so the combination of a
Honda engine and your equipment will make the best possible product.
Please feel free to contact your Honda Engine Distributor at any time for additional technical information or to discuss
your engine application needs.
All information contained in this manual is based on the latest product information available at the time of printing. We
reserve the right to make changes at anytime without notice.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This includes text, figures
and tables.
Contents
Design Features .......................................................... 2
Honda engines are designed for minimal maintenance.
When maintenance is required, the task is kept simple by
providing convenient maintenance access and procedures.
Honda engines use proven engine technology and design
innovations to make them highly reliable engines.
DESIGN FEATURES
High Performance
OHV design reduces thermal distortion of the cylinder. This
helps maintain the optimum seal between the piston rings
and cylinder, which minimizes oil and fuel consumption.
Power is also maintained in extreme operating conditions.
Smooth and Quiet Operation
OHV design provides a reduced reciprocating mass and
balanced weight distribution. The 25° inclined cylinder
produces a low center of gravity for the moving parts, which
further reduces vibration for quiet operation. These features,
and the compact design result in extremely smooth
operation.
Use of proven design technologies reduces noise from
internal engine components. The hardness of reciprocating
parts, the helical cut gears on the crankshaft and camshaft
and the use of select materials makes these engines
exceptionally quiet. The large muffler is designed to further
reduce noise.
Durability/Reliability
Honda engines are built with quality that provides proven
durability and reliability. Proven features such as OHV
design and cast iron cylinder sleeve provide long life in all
types of operating conditions. To further enhance the
reliability of these engines, a 2-stage air cleaner system,
digital electronic ignition system, mechanical centrifugal
governor and proven side-draft carburetor are standard
features.
EMISSION REGULATIONS
The Honda GX390 engines meet U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board
regulations.
Honda engine distributors and equipment manufacturers
that use Honda engines are required by regulation to follow
this OEM technical manual. Correct engine matching
ensures that the engine will be durable (and emission
durable) in use.
When the engine is properly matched and operating at
its continuous rated load, the carburetor throttle angle
should be approximately half way between full open
and full closed positions.
Bring the engine to normal operating temperature and
then apply the expected continuous load. If the throttle
is more than halfway open, the engine is being
overloaded resulting in overheating and shortened
engine life.
Tachometer RPM Measurement
Normal governor droop can also be used to measure engine load.
At rated speed:
Engine is operating within the continuous recommended power range.
COOLING
Minimum Cooling Air Flow Requirement
Engine enclosure must have the minimum cooling air flow listed below.
3
GX240/GX270: 7 m
GX340/GX390: 8 m
Ambient Temperature Limits
-15 to +40°C (+5 to +104°F)
Testing
•Use thermocouple temperature probes at the specified locations.
•Operate the engine under worst-case conditions
•An electronic data logger is required for the temperature data collection
•Set up the data logger to take multiple readings per minute. If data is being taken manually, a reading every 5
minutes is adequate.
•Take readings until the engine oil temperature is stabilized at continuous rated load
•Run the application for one hour of continuous operation; the temperatures should be stabilized in that time. If the
application is used only for short intervals, note the normal run time in the application document.
•Shut the engine down and continue to take readings. Attempt to restart the engine after heat soaking for 5 minutes.
•For enclosed applications, fuel bowl temperature should be monitored after testing until the maximum is reached -
Gasoline at Carburetor Float Bowl (after 5 min. hot soak)<70 °C (158 °F)
Gasoline at Fuel Tank60 °C (140 °F)
These temperatures are based on an ambient temperature of 40°C (104°F). Compensate for any deviation linearly; i.e.,
if the ambient temperature is 20°C (68°F), the maximum acceptable oil temperature is 120°C (248°F).
Adjusted oil temperatures of less than 40°C will require more frequent oil changes.
Engine Enclosures
When the engine installation in the equipment obscures the emission label, a duplicate label must be applied. In this
case, as part of the engine matching process, it will be necessary to establish a process for the OEM to obtain
duplicate labels. EPA requires full documentation, control, and record keeping of the duplicate label process.
Cool Air Intake
The engine must be provided with a cooling duct so that fresh air can be drawn directly from outside the enclosure
cover. Install the cooling air duct with the intake port in a place free from dust and dirt. The cooling air volume changes
according to the shape of the duct and screen and the engine installation conditions. Operate the engine under the
normal operating conditions and be sure that the engine meets all temperature requirements.
The cooling air duct must have a cross-sectional area of at least 300 cm
When the engine is operated in dusty areas, install a filter at the enclosure inlet for the cooling air. This will reduce the
effective area, so you must increase the size of the inlet accordingly. Increase the size of the inlet to the point where
the maximum operating temperatures are not exceeded when operated under maximum load.
Install the cooling air duct and filter so that the filter can be easily checked, and dust, dirt and foreign material removed.
2
(46.5 sq in).
Hot Air Discharge
Hot air must be discharged directly outside the enclosure. Provide a discharge duct if necessary. The minimum cross
section of the hot air discharge opening must be larger than that of the cooling air inlet.
Locate the discharge port so the hot discharge air does not flow back into the enclosure. Provide sufficient ventilation to
prevent the engine compartment temperature from rising above ambient temperature limits after the engine has been
stopped.
Exhaust Discharge
The exhaust system becomes hot during operation and remains hot for a while after operation. Separate the exhaust
system from the engine compartment with a partition wall and locate the exhaust system in the discharged cooling air
flow.
Be sure the exhaust gas is directly discharged outside the enclosure without being blocked or restricted by any
obstacles. The exhaust gas must not flow back or be drawn back into the enclosure.
Provide the engine with an exhaust deflector or exhaust pipe extension if necessary.
If an extension pipe is used:
•Keep the length of the pipe as short as possible to keep exhaust backpressure within limits (see page 10).
•The extension pipe must have an ID larger than the OD of the muffler outlet.
•Verify the exhaust pipe extension does not create excessive vibration at any given engine rpm. If necessary, use
an exhaust pipe holder to support the exhaust pipe extension.
Grass Cutting Applications
When the engine is operated on grass cutting equipment, install a rotary screen grid on the cooling air intake port to
prevent the accumulation of large clippings.
Do not allow the grass clippings shredded by the rotary screen grid to accumulate around the intake port.
If the engine is supplied with an incomplete fuel system (no fuel tank, no fuel hose, etc.), the OEM is responsible for
ensuring evaporative emission requirements/regulations are met, including certification.
Fuel Tank Position
If a remote fuel tank is used, it must be installed so that its maximum gasoline level is within 50 cm (19.5 in) above the
carburetor gasoline level. If a fuel pump is used, the maximum fuel level should be within 50 cm (19.5 in) above or
below the carburetor gasoline level.
Fuel Line
Use a low permeation fuel line (displaying an Executive Order number) rated for use with gasoline. The fuel line should
have an inside dimension of 5.5 mm (0.22 in). Keep the fuel line as short as possible. Install the fuel line so it will not
rest against any sharp objects or make sharp bends that can restrict the flow of fuel. If the fuel line passes through an
enclosure wall, protect the line with a rubber grommet. Route the fuel line away from hot engine and exhaust system
components and away from electrical wiring. Secure the fuel line to prevent sagging and bending.
Fuel Valve Installation
If a remote fuel tank is used, a fuel valve should be installed so it is easily accessible. Install the fuel valve at the outlet
of the fuel tank and use an easily read label to indicate valve location and operation. If under the fuel tank is not the
ideal location, securely install the fuel valve in-line with the fuel tube in a cool location, so that engine heat cannot
cause vapor lock.
Fuel Pump
A fuel pump should be selected that provides a maximum operating pressure of 0.1 kgf/cm2 (1.4 psi) and delivers 15
liters/hr (4.0 US gal/hr). If a secondary fuel pump is used, to prevent carburetor flooding, its operating pressure must
not exceed the standard fuel pump’s operating pressure.
Fuel Tank Filter Installation
It is recommended that a fuel tank strainer with a mesh rating of #80 be installed at the fuel tank inlet to catch debris
when refueling. It is also recommended that a fuel tank sump be provided at the fuel tank outlet to reduce the chance of
contaminants entering the fuel system.
CONTROLS
Engine Switch
Use a three-position engine switch with continuity between its terminals as shown.
Two types can be used, flexible wire core or solid wire.
Installation:
The throttle and choke control levers are provided with holes for optional cable attachment. The following illustrations
show installation examples for a solid wire cable and for a flexible, braided wire cable. If using a flexible, braided wire
cable, add a return spring as shown. It is necessary to loosen the throttle lever friction nut when operating the throttle
with a remote-mounted control.
The recommended muffler and exhaust pipe are matched to the engine in terms of emissions performance, exhaust
backpressure, sound level, and durability.
Consider the following:
•Discharge the exhaust gas directly to the open air. Do not install flammable parts or any parts with poor heat
resistance properties around the exhaust system or near the discharge port.
•The exhaust gas must not enter the cooling-air intake port. Be especially careful when using the exhaust deflector
to change the discharge direction.
•The muffler and exhaust pipe become very hot during operation and remain hot after the engine has been shut off.
Install the muffler and exhaust pipe so the fuel system and other heat-sensitive components are isolated from the
exhaust heat.
Fabricated Exhaust Systems
The muffler type and the shape and length of the exhaust pipe(s) affect emissions performance and engine power. If
you use a muffler other than a recommended Honda muffler, observe the following precautions to maintain the
engine’s peak performance:
•The shape (bends and elbows) of the exhaust pipe can affect exhaust backpressure. If exhaust backpressure is
excessive, it can affect emissions performance and/or cause detonation.
•The exhaust pipe inside diameter must be the same size as the exhaust port diameter.There must be no gap
between the port inside diameter and the exhaust pipe ID.
•The exhaust backpressure increases if the diameter is less than specified. If the diameter is larger than specified,
the effective width of the exhaust gasket is reduced which could cause an exhaust leak.
•When the exhaust pipes are connected together before the muffler, make sure that the exhaust pipe length is as
short as possible to reduce backpressure.
•Muffler volume and design will affect exhaust backpressure. Increase the volume of the muffler if exhaust
backpressure is higher than specified.
Exhaust Back Pressure Measurement
Measure the exhaust back pressure at the exhaust pipe with the engine under
continuous load (WOT), 30 mm (1.2 in) from the exhaust pipe mounting flange
as shown (make sure the test nipple does not extend beyond the inner wall of
the exhaust pipe).
The frame must be rigid to prevent cracking when the exhaust pipe and muffler are connected. The muffler should be
installed securely with bolts and nuts.
The muffler should be supported at two points (or more) using special rubber mounts designed for muffler support
applications.
Check to see muffler vibration does not increase at any given engine speed, causing an abnormal increase in
resonance.
Rubber Engine Mount Muffler Installation
A flexible pipe should be used between the muffler and exhaust pipe when the engine is mounted to the engine bed
with rubber mounts. The flexible pipe ID must be the same as the exhaust pipe OD or larger.
The muffler should be supported at two points (or more) and should be installed securely with bolts and nuts to prevent
muffler cracking from vibration during starting and stopping.
Check to see muffler vibration does not increase at any given engine speed, causing an abnormal increase in
resonance.
ENGINE MOUNTING
Use an engine bed or frame with enough rigidity to allow maximum durability
of the engine and attachment installation.
The engine must not wobble on the engine bed. Use an engine bed or frame
that provides a flat surface for the engine to be mounted on. If there is a gap
between the engine and the engine bed, the engine-mounting surface may
be damaged.
Inclination
Horizontal mounting and operation of the engine is recommended. If the
engine must be operated on a slope, the incline position of the engine must
not exceed 20° in any direction.
Resonance Check
There must be no resonance when the engine and attachment are operated within the designated speed range. Slowly
raise the engine speed from idle to maximum and check for resonance at any engine speed.
General Methods for Preventing Resonance
When engine accessories or a part of the attachment is resonating, increase the rigidity of the resonating part to bring
the resonance point higher than the working engine speed range.
•Increase the rigidity of the engine bed and frame to bring the resonance point higher than the working engine
speed range.
•Install the muffler on the engine body, using a rigid stay to prevent resonance of the muffler when the engine speed
is within the specific operating speed range.
Use a two-position engine switch with continuity between its terminals as shown.
Wire Color
Switch Position
OFF
ON{{
EXT+
(Red)
EXT –
(Black)
Charging Coil Selection
Four types of coils are available:
CoilOutput (A)RegulatedRPM
1A0.9No
3A2.7No
10A9.5Yes
18A17.0Yes
The 1A and 3A coils are only suitable for recharging a starting battery. Use the 10A or 18A coils when powering
accessories.
3,600
Lamp Coil Kit (optional)
Three types of lamp coils are available: 6v –25w, 12v –15w, 12v –25w. Two coils can be installed in parallel to provide
12V-50W, if no charging coils are applied. Use parallel connector (No. 32105-ZE1-000) to connect two coils in parallel.
A single coil (12v-25w) can be used in combination with the 3A charge coil as required.
Oil Alert® System (optional)
The Oil Alert System uses a float type switch located inside the crankcase. When the engine oil level falls below a safe
operating level, the float falls and the circuit is completed through the control box, grounding the primary side of the
ignition coil. The Oil Alert System is only recommended for use on equipment that is stationary while operating.
Wiring Precautions
•Connect the battery positive (+) cable to the positive terminal of the starter solenoid.
•Connect the battery negative (–) cable to the engine crankcase or engine frame mounting bolt.
•Do not route the battery cables on or near any hot, moving, or rotating parts, or sharp edges. Keep the battery
cables and electrical wires away from the fuel line.
•Protect positive electrical connections with a cover or insulation.
Be sure there is no static axial load applied
to the crankshaft.
Install the pulley as close to the base of
the PTO shaft as possible. When installing
the pulley at the end of the PTO shaft, be
sure there is no overhang.
Before securing the engine and attachment to the engine bed, verify that the V-groove of the engine pulley and
attachment pulley are aligned and that the engine PTO shaft and attachment driven shaft are parallel.
When high load, high inertia exists, we recommend using a tapered shaft pulley for added security.
The frame or engine bed must be rigid enough to prevent belt resonance in the working speed range of the engine.
Size the pulleys so they do not cause resonance of the belt(s).
To reduce resonance, install a stay between the engine and attachment as shown below.
Starting Performance
The engine must be able to start with the attachment at the lowest recommended ambient temperature.
If the starting load of the attachment is too large when operating the starter motor, provide a clutch so you can separate
the load from the engine when operating the starter.
Due to changes in oil viscosity, there will be an increased drag in attachments such as hydraulic pumps or gear cases
as temperature drops. Start the engine with the ambient temperature at the lowest temperature recommended for
operating the attachment. Verify that the attachment, as well as the engine, can start and operate normally.
Select the proper oil viscosity for the attachment according to the attachment’s working temperature.
When the engine is installed in an enclosure, provide an access panel or use an engine enclosure that can be opened
and closed easily. See also Serviceability page 40.
The emission control information label on the engine must be visible when the engine is installed in the equipment. If it
is not visible by removing a panel, lifting a hood, or other means not using tools, you must attach a supplemental
(duplicate) label. See 40 CFR part 90.114 (http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/textidx?c=ecfr&rgn=div5&view=text&node=40:20.0.1.1.4&idno=40#40:20.0.1.1.4.2.1.14). Contact your Engine Distributor
for supplemental labels.
Left Side
Recoil
Air cleaner cover
Engine oil drain
(Crankcases tapped for
NPT drain extensions are
available.)
E type360 mm (14.2 in)--H type---425 mm (16.7 in)
L type--405 mm (15.9 in)405 mm (15.9 in)
P type---380 mm (15.0 in)
Q type---380 mm (15.0 in)
R type---440 mm (17.3 in)
S type---355 mm (14.0 in)
V type-420 mm (16.5 in)-400 mm (15.7 in)
W type---370 mm (14.6 in)
E type428 mm (16.9 in)--H type---428 mm (16.9 in)
L type--428 mm (16.9 in)428 mm (16.9 in)
P type---428 mm (16.9 in)
Q type---428 mm (16.9 in)
R type---428 mm (16.9 in)
S type---428 mm (16.9 in)
V type-428 mm (16.9 in)-428 mm (16.9 in)
W type---428 mm (16.9 in)
E type303 mm (11.9 in)--H type---422 mm (16.6 in)
L type--422 mm (16.6 in)422 mm (16.6 in)
P type---422 mm (16.6 in)
Q type---422 mm (16.6 in)
R type---422 mm (16.6 in)
S type---422 mm (16.6 in)
V type-303 mm (11.9 in)-422 mm (16.6 in)
W type---422 mm (16.6 in)
H type---26.5 kg (58.4 lbs)
L type--26.5 kg (58.4 lbs)26.5 kg (58.4 lbs)
P type---25.8 kg (56.9 lbs)
Q type---25.8 kg (56.9 lbs)
R type ---30.1 kg (66.1 lbs)
S type---25.8 kg (56.9 lbs)
V type -21.4 kg (47.2 lbs)-25.8 kg (56.9 lbs)
W type ---25.8 kg (56.9 lbs)
E type26.1 kg (57.5 lbs)--H type---31.5 kg (69.4 lbs)
L type--31.5 kg (69.4 lbs)31.5 kg (69.4 lbs)
P type---30.5 kg (67.2 lbs)
Q type---30.5 kg (67.2 lbs)
R type ---35.0 kg (77.2 lbs)
S type---30.5 kg (67.2 lbs)
V type -26.1 kg (57.5 lbs)-30.5 kg (67.2 lbs)
W type---30.5 kg (67.2 lbs)
H type---452 mm (17.8 in)
L type---440 mm (17.3 in)
P type---405 mm (15.9 in)
Q type--405 mm (15.9 in)405 mm (15.9 in)
S type---380 mm (15.0 in)
V type-430 mm (16.9 in)-425 mm (16.7 in)
E type460 mm (18.1 in)--H type---460 mm (18.1 in)
L type---460 mm (18.1 in)
P type---460 mm (18.1 in)
Q type--460 mm (18.1 in)460 mm (18.1 in)
S type---460 mm (18.1 in)
V type-460 mm (18.1 in)-460 mm (18.1 in)
E type313 mm (12.3 in)--H type---448 mm (17.6 in)
L type---448 mm (17.6 in)
P type---448 mm (17.6 in)
Q type--448 mm (17.6 in)448 mm (17.6 in)
S type---448 mm (17.6 in)
V type-313 mm (12.3 in)-448 mm (17.6 in)
H type---35.2 kg (77.6 lbs)
L type---35.2 kg (77.6 lbs)
P type---31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)
Q type--31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)
S type---31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)
V type -27.3 kg (60.2 lbs)-31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)
E type33.4 kg (73.6 lbs)--H type---41.2 kg (90.8 lbs)
L type---41.2 kg (90.8 lbs)
P type---37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)
Q type--37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)
S type---37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)
V type*-33.4 kg (73.6 lbs)-37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)
EQUIPMENT VARIATION
Indicates the difference compared with values of P. T. O. variation above.
VariationCyclone air cleaner
Overall length
difference
Overall width
difference
Overall height
difference
Dry weight
difference
Operating weight
difference
*1: No fuel tank and muffler, use low profile type air cleaner.
ModelP.T.O.GX390RT2/R2GX390T2GX390UT2/T2
Overall lengthH type--452 mm (17.8 in)
L type--440 mm (17.3 in)
P type--405 mm (15.9 in)
Q type405 mm (15.9 in)
S type--380 mm (15.0 in)
V type425 mm (16.7 in)-425 mm (16.7 in)
Overall widthH type--460 mm (18.1 in)
L type--460 mm (18.1 in)
P type--460 mm (18.1 in)
Q type458 mm (18.0 in)460 mm (18.1 in)460 mm (18.1 in)
S type--460 mm (18.1 in)
V type458 mm (18.0 in)-460 mm (18.1 in)
Overall heightH type--447 mm (17.6 in)
L type--448 mm (17.6 in)
P type--448 mm (17.6 in)
Q type447 mm (17.6 in)448 mm (17.6 in)448 mm (17.6 in)
S type--448 mm (17.6 in)
V type447 mm (17.6 in)-448 mm (17.6 in)
Dry weightH type--35.2 kg (77.6 lbs)
L type--35.2 kg (77.6 lbs)
P type--31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)
Q type29.9 kg (65.9 lbs)31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)
S type--31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)
V type29.9 kg (65.9 lbs)-31.7 kg (69.9 lbs)
Operating weightH type--41.2 kg (90.8 lbs)
L type--41.2 kg (90.8 lbs)
P type--37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)
Q type31.4 kg (69.2 lbs)37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)
S type--37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)
V type31.4 kg (69.2 lbs)-37.8 kg (83.3 lbs)
EQUIPMENT VARIATION
Indicates the difference compared with values of P. T. O. variation above.
VariationCyclone air cleaner
Overall length
difference
Overall width
difference
Overall height
difference
Dry weight
difference
Operating weight
difference
*1: No fuel tank and muffler, use low profile type air cleaner.
*1: The power rating of the engine indicated in this document is the net power output tested on a production engine for the engine
model and measured in accordance with SAE J1349 at 3,600 rpm (net power) and at 2,500 rpm (max net torque). Mass production
engines may vary from this value. Actual power output for the engine installed in the final machine will vary depending on numerous
factors, including the operating speed of the engine in application, environmental conditions, maintenance, and other variables.
*2: Base type includes a balancer, dual type air cleaner, and standard type muffler.
GX270
ModelGX270R2GX270RT2GX270U2GX270UT2
Description codeGCBMKGCBGTGCBMKGCBGT
Type4 stroke, overhead valve, single cylinder, inclined by 25°
Displacement270 cm3 (16.5 cu–in)
Bore x stroke77.0 x 58.0 mm (3.0 x 2.3 in)
Net power (SAE J1349)*16.3 kW (8.4 HP) / 3,600 min-1 (rpm)
Continuous rated power5.1 kW (6.8 HP) / 3,600 min-1 (rpm)
Maximum net torque (SAE J1349)*119.1 N·m (1.94 kgf·m, 14.1 lbf·ft) / 2,500 min-1 (rpm)
Compression ratio8.5: 1
Fuel consumption (at continuous rated
power)
Ignition systemC.D.I.(Capacitor Discharge Ignition) type magneto ignition
Ignition timingB.T.D.C. 10° / 1,400min-1 (rpm)
Spark advancer performanceB.T.D.C. 10°- 20°
Spark plugBPR6ES (NGK) / W20EPR-U (DENSO)
Lubrication systemForced splash
Oil capacity1.1 Liters (1.16 US qt, 0.97 Imp qt)
Recommended oilSAE 10W-30 API service classification SJ or later
Cooling systemForced air
Starting systemRecoil, Recoil and Starter motor
Stopping systemIgnition exciter coil circuit open
CarburetorHorizontal type, butterfly valve
Air cleanerDual element type, Cyclone type, Oil bath type, Low profile type
GovernorMechanical centrifugal
Breather systemReed valve type
Fuel usedUnleaded gasoline with a pump octane rating 86 or higher
Reduction case oil capacity (1/2 reduction with clutch)
Clutch
(1/2 reduction
with clutch)
*1: The power rating of the engine indicated in this document is the net power output tested on a production engine for the engine
model and measured in accordance with SAE J1349 at 3,600 rpm (net power) and at 2,500 rpm (max net torque). Mass production
engines may vary from this value. Actual power output for the engine installed in the final machine will vary depending on numerous
factors, including the operating speed of the engine in application, environmental conditions, maintenance, and other variables.
ModelGX340R2GX340RT2GX340U2GX340UT2
Description codeGCBKKGCBETGCBKKGCBET
Type4 stroke, overhead valve, single cylinder, inclined by 25°
Displacement389 cm3 (23.7 cu–in)
Bore x stroke88.0 x 64.0 mm (3.5 x 2.5 in)
Net power (SAE J1349)*18.0 kW (10.7 HP) / 3,600 min-1 (rpm)*2
Continuous rated power6.3 kW (8.4 HP) / 3,600 min-1 (rpm)
Maximum net torque (SAE J1349)*126.4 N·m (2.69 kgf·m, 19.5 lbf·ft) / 2,500 min-1 (rpm)
Compression ratio8.2: 1
Fuel consumption (at continuous rated
power)
Ignition systemC.D.I.(Capacitor Discharge Ignition) type magneto ignition
Ignition timingB.T.D.C. 10° / 1,400min-1 (rpm)
Spark advancer performanceB.T.D.C. 10°- 22°
Spark plugBPR6ES (NGK) / W20EPR-U (DENSO)
Lubrication systemForced splash
Oil capacity1.1 Liters (1.16 US qt, 0.97 Imp qt)
Recommended oilSAE 10W-30 API service classification SJ or later
Cooling systemForced air
Starting systemRecoil, Recoil and Starter motor
Stopping systemIgnition exciter coil circuit open
CarburetorHorizontal type, butterfly valve
Air cleanerDual element type, Cyclone type, Oil bath type, Low profile type
GovernorMechanical centrifugal
Breather systemReed valve type
Fuel usedUnleaded gasoline with a pump octane rating 86 or higher
3.1 Liters (0.82 US gal, 0.68 Imp gal) / h
*1: The power rating of the engine indicated in this document is the net power output tested on a production engine for the engine
model and measured in accordance with SAE J1349 at 3,600 rpm (net power) and at 2,500 rpm (max net torque). Mass production
engines may vary from this value. Actual power output for the engine installed in the final machine will vary depending on numerous
factors, including the operating speed of the engine in application, environmental conditions, maintenance, and other variables.
*2: Base type includes a balancer, dual type air cleaner, and standard type muffler.
ModelGX390R2GX390RT2GX390U2GX390UT2GX390T2
Description codeGCBHKGCBCTGCBHKGCBCTGCBDT
Type4 stroke, overhead valve, single cylinder, inclined by 25°
Displacement389 cm3 (23.7 cu–in)
Bore x stroke88.0 x 64.0 mm (3.5 x 2.5 in)
Net power (SAE J1349)*18.7 kW (11.7 HP) / 3,600 min
Continuous rated power7.0 kW (9.4 HP) / 3,600 min-1 (rpm)
Maximum net torque (SAE
3.5 Liters (0.92 US gal, 0.77 Imp gal) / h
(at continuous rated
power)
Ignition systemC.D.I.(Capacitor Discharge Ignition) type magneto ignition
Ignition timingB.T.D.C. 10° / 1,400 min-1 (rpm)
Spark plugBPR6ES (NGK) / W20EPR-U (DENSO)
Lubrication systemForced splash
Oil capacity1.1 Liters (1.16 US qt, 0.97 Imp qt)
Recommended oilSAE 10W-30 API service classification SJ or later
Cooling systemForced air
Starting systemRecoil, Recoil and Starter motor
Stopping systemIgnition primary circuit open
CarburetorHorizontal type, butterfly valve
Air cleanerDual element type, Cyclone type, Low profile type
GovernorMechanical centrifugal
Breather systemReed valve type
Fuel usedUnleaded gasoline with a pump octane rating 86 or higher
-1
(rpm)
-1
(rpm)
* The power rating of the engine indicated in this document is the net power output tested on a production engine for the engine
model and measured in accordance with SAE J1349 at 3,600 rpm (Net power) and at 2,500 rpm (Max. net torque). Mass
production engines may vary from this value. Actual power output for the engine installed in the final machine will vary depending
on numerous factors, including the operating speed of the engine in application, environmental conditions, maintenance and other
variables.
The following Maintenance section is duplicated from the applicable shop manual and is accurate at the time of
publication of this manual. Page number cross references refer to the shop manual it was copied from. It is provided for
your reference in considering serviceability issues.
Maintenance Schedule
REGULAR SERVICE PERIOD (2)
ITEMPerform at every indicated
month or operating hour
interval, whichever comes
first.
Engine oilCheck level
Change
Air cleanerCheck
Clean (1) (*)(1)
Replace(**)
Sediment cupClean
Spark plugCheck–adjust
Replace
Spark arrester
(If equipped)
Idle speedCheck–adjust
Valve clearanceCheck–adjust
Combustion chamberCleanAfter every 1000 hours
Fuel tank and filterClean
Fuel tubeCheckEvery 2 years (Replace if ne cessary)
(1) Service more frequently when used in dusty areas.
(2) For commercial use, log hours of operation to determine proper maintenance intervals.
(*) Internal vent carburetor with dual element type only.
Remove the oil filler cap (1), and wipe the oil level gauge (2) clean.
Insert the oil filler cap without screwing it into the oil filler neck (3).
Remove the oil filler cap and check oil level shown on the oil level gauge.
If the oil level is low, fill with recommended oil to the upper level (4) of the oil
filler neck.
SAE 10W - 30 is recommended for general use. Other viscosities shown in
the chart may be used when the average temperature in your area is within
the recommended range.
RECOMMENDED OIL:
SAE 10W-30 API service classification SJ or later
Drain the oil in the engine while the engine is warm. Warm oil drains quickly
and completely.
Place the engine on a level surface, and place a suitable container under the
drain plug bolt.
Remove the oil filler cap (1), drain plug bolt (2), and drain plug washer (3) to
drain the oil into the suitable container.
Please dispose of used motor oil in a manner that is compatible with the
environment. We suggest you take used oil in a sealed container to your
local recycling center or service station for reclamation. Do not throw it in the
trash, pour it on the ground, or pour it down a drain.
CAUTION
Used engine oil contains substances that have
been identified as carcinogenic. If repeatedly
left in contact with the skin for prolonged
periods, it may cause skin cancer. Wash your
hands thoroughly with soap and water as soon
as possible after contact with used engine oil.
Install a new drain plug washer (3) and tighten the drain plug bolt (2) to the specified torque.
TORQUE:22.5 N·m (2.25 kgf·m, 17 lbf·ft)
Fill with recommended oil to the upper level mark of the oil level dipstick.
Engine oil capacity: 1.1 (1.16 US Qt, 0.97 Imp Qt)
Tighten the oil filler cap securely.
Air Cleaner Check/Cleaning and Replacement
Dual Element Type:
A dirty air filter will restrict air flow to the carburetor, reducing engine
performance. If the engine is operated in dusty areas, clean the air cleaner
more often than specified in the MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE.
Operating the engine without the air filters or with the filters installed loosely
will allow dirt to enter the engine, causing rapid engine wear. Install the air
filters securely.
Remove the nut (1) and the air cleaner cover (2).
Remove the wing nut (3) and air filter assembly (4)(5).
Separate the inner filter (Paper) (4) from the outer filter (Foam) (5). Carefully
check both filters for holes or tears and replace if damaged.
Clean the filters if they are to be reused.
Install the elements in the reverse order of removal.
A dirty air filter will restrict air flow to the carburetor, reducing engine
performance. If the engine is operated in dusty areas, clean the air cleaner
more often than specified in the MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE.
Operating the engine without the air filters or with the filters installed loosely
will allow dirt to enter the engine, causing rapid engine wear. Install the air
filters securely.
Remove the wing nut (1) and the air cleaner cover (2).
Remove the wing nut (3) and air filter assembly (4)(5).
Separate the inner filter (Paper) (4) from the outer filter (Foam) (5). Carefully
check both filters for holes or tears and replace if damaged.
Check the packing (6) for damage.
Clean the filters if they are to be reused (see below).
Install the elements in the reverse order of removal.
Low Profile Type:
A dirty air filter will restrict air flow to the carburetor, reducing engine
performance. If the engine is operated in dusty areas, clean the air cleaner
more often than specified in the MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE.
Operating the engine without the air filter or with the filter installed loosely will
allow dirt to enter the engine, causing rapid engine wear. Install the air filter
securely.
Remove the
air cleaner case lid spring (1) and air cleaner cover (2).
Remove the air cleaner element (3).
Carefully check the air cleaner element and replace if damaged.
Clean the filter if it is to be reused (see below).
Install the element in the reverse order of removal.
Filter (foam) Type:
Clean the filter (1) in warm soapy water (2), rinse, and allow to dry
thoroughly, or clean with a non-flammable solvent and allow to dry
thoroughly.
Dip the filter in clean engine oil (3), and squeeze out all the excess oil.
Excess oil will restrict air flow through the foam element and may cause the
engine to smoke at startup.
Check the air cleaner case packing for deterioration or damage. Make sure
the air cleaner packing is installed securely.
Install the cleaner in the reverse order of removal.
Tap the inner filter (1) lightly several times on a hard surface to remove
excess dirt, or blow compressed air lightly (207 kPa (2.11 kgf/cm
less) through the paper filter from the inside out. Never try to brush the dirt
off; brushing will force dirt into the fibers.
Wipe dirt from the inside of the air cleaner case and the air cleaner cover,
using a rag.
Check the air cleaner case packing for deterioration or damage. Make sure
the air cleaner packing is installed securely.
Install the cleaner in the reverse order of removal.
2
, 30 psi) or
Sediment Cup Cleaning
WARNING
Gasoline is highly flammable and explosive.
You can be burned or seriously injured when
handling fuel.
• Keep heat, sparks, and flame away.
• Handle fuel only outdoors.
• Wipe up spills immediately.
Turn the fuel valve lever (1) to the OFF position.
Remove the sediment cup (2) and the O-ring (3).
Release the tabs (5) and remove the cup filter (4).
Clean the sediment cup and the cup filter with non-flammable solvent and
allow them to dry thoroughly.
Install the cup filter as the direction shown in the illustration.
Install a new O-ring and tighten the sediment cup to the specified torque.
TORQUE:3.9 N·m (0.40 kgf·m, 2.9 lbf·ft)
Check the sediment cup for any sign of fuel leakage.
If the engine has been running, the engine will
be very hot. Allow it to cool before proceeding.
Remove the spark plug cap, and then remove the spark plug (1) using a
spark plug wrench (2).
Verify the new spark plug gap is correct.
Install a new spark plug finger-tight to seat the washer, and then tighten 1/2
turn with a spark plug wrench.
SPARK PLUG: BPR6ES (NGK) W20EPR-U(DENSO)
A loose spark plug can become very hot and can damage the engine.
Overtightening can damage the threads in the cylinder block.
Install the spark plug cap securely.
Spark Arrester Cleaning (if equipped)
CAUTION
The engine and the muffler becomes very ho t
during operation and remains hot for a while
after stopping the engine. Be careful not to
touch the muffler while it is hot. Allow it to cool
before proceeding.
Solid Protector type
Remove the muffler cover, if equipped.
Remove the 5 x 8 mm tapping screws (1), 6 x 10 mm tapping screw (2), and
muffler protector (3).
Remove the 5 x 8 mm tapping screws (4) and spark arrester (5).
Remove the head cover bolt (1), the head cover (2), and the head cover
packing (3).
Disconnect the spark plug cap from the spark plug.
Set the piston near top dead center of the cylinder compression stroke (both
valves fully closed) by pulling the recoil starter slowly. When the piston is
near top dead center of the compression stroke, the triangle mark (1) on the
starter pulley (2) will align with the top hole (3) on the recoil starter case (4).
If the exhaust valve is open, use the recoil starter to turn the crankshaft one
additional turn and align the triangle mark on the starter pulley with the top
hole on the recoil starter case again.
Insert a thickness gauge (1) between the valve rocker arm (2) and valve
stem (3) to measure the valve clearance.
VALVE CLEARANCE:
IN: 0.15 ± 0.02 mm
EX: 0.20 ± 0.02 mm
The charge tube should be
located as high as possible in
the fuel tank. Fuel should not
flow through the charge tube
during regular use or during
transportation
FUEL FILTER
CARBON CANISTER
Install the carbon canister so
that the intake port will not be
affected by the dynamic
pressure of cooling air.
PURGE TUBE
Maximum length: 80 cm.
PURGE JOINT
Connect the purge tube to the joint on
the dirty side of the air cleaner.
Joint outer diameter: 11 mm
FUEL TUBE
Use approved low permeation
fuel tube between the filter
and the fuel tank.
AIR OR EXHAUST GAS
FUEL VAPOR
FUEL VALVE
FUEL CAP (SEALED)
(must be tethered and have positive
feedback mechanism for closure.)
EVAPORATIVEEMISSIONS
Types with OEM provided fuel tanks
The OEM is responsible for meeting the EVAP emissions regulations for products sold in California (California Air
Resources Board) and the 49 sates (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). This regulations concern evaporative
emissions from the fuel system.
Shown below is a simplified overview of required components.
Additional information regarding manufacturers of CARB certified fuel system components can be found at:
http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/sore/sorecomponent/sorecomponent.htm#.
California Air Resources Board information is available at the following website:
www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/OFFROAD/sore/sorectp/sorectp.htm
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency information is available at the following website:
http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-21093.pdf