Hach-Lange DR 3900 User Manual

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DOC022.52.90323

DR 3900

USER MANUAL

04/2013 Edition 3A

Table of contents

Section 1 Specifications ........................................................................................................................ 9

Section 2 General Information............................................................................................................. 11

2.1 Safety information............................................................................................................................. 11

2.1.1 Precautionary labels ................................................................................................................ 11

2.1.2 RFID module (not available on all models).............................................................................. 11

2.1.3 Chemical and Biological Safety ............................................................................................... 12

2.2 Overview of product.......................................................................................................................... 13

Section 3 Installation............................................................................................................................ 15

3.1 Unpack the instrument...................................................................................................................... 15

3.2 Operating environment ..................................................................................................................... 15

3.3 Front and back view.......................................................................................................................... 16

3.4 Power connections ........................................................................................................................... 17

3.5 Interfaces.......................................................................................................................................... 18

3.6 Cell compartments, cell adapters and light shield ............................................................................18

3.6.1 Cell compartments and adapters.............................................................................................18

3.6.2 Installation of cell adapter ........................................................................................................ 20

3.6.3 Use of the light shield for measurements................................................................................. 20

3.7 Beam path ........................................................................................................................................ 22

Section 4 Start up ................................................................................................................................. 23

4.1 Switch on the instrument, startup process........................................................................................ 23

4.2 Language selection........................................................................................................................... 23

4.3 Self-check ......................................................................................................................................... 23

4.4 Sleep mode....................................................................................................................................... 24

4.5 Power off the instrument................................................................................................................... 24

Section 5 Standard programs.............................................................................................................. 25

5.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................... 25

5.1.1 Tips for using the touch screen................................................................................................ 25

5.1.2 Use of the alphanumeric keypad .............................................................................................25

5.1.3 Main menu ............................................................................................................................... 26

Table of contents

5.2 Instrument Setup...............................................................................................................................27

5.2.1 Operator ID...............................................................................................................................27

5.2.1.1 Operator RFID tag (not available on all models) .............................................................28

5.2.2 Sample ID.................................................................................................................................28

5.2.2.1 Sample ID with scanner method 1...................................................................................30

5.2.2.2 Sample ID with scanner method 2...................................................................................30

5.2.3 Sample ID and operator ID with the optional RFID Sample ID Kit (not available on all models) . 31

5.2.4 Security settings.......................................................................................................................31

5.2.4.1 Assign operator security level..........................................................................................32

5.2.4.2 Deactivate password .......................................................................................................34

5.2.5 Date and time...........................................................................................................................35

5.2.6 Sound settings..........................................................................................................................36

5.2.7 PC and printer ..........................................................................................................................36

5.2.7.1 Printer setup ....................................................................................................................37

5.2.7.2 Print data .........................................................................................................................38

5.2.7.3 Print data continuously ....................................................................................................39

5.2.7.4 Network setup..................................................................................................................39

5.2.8 Power Management .................................................................................................................42

5.3 Save, recall, send and delete data....................................................................................................43

5.3.1 The data log .............................................................................................................................43

5.3.1.1 Auto/manual data storage ...............................................................................................43

5.3.1.2 Recall stored data from the data log................................................................................44

5.3.1.3 Send data from the data log ............................................................................................45

5.3.1.4 Delete stored data from the data log...............................................................................46

5.3.2 Control charts for data from the AQA Log................................................................................46

5.3.3 Store, recall, send and delete data from wavelength scan and time course............................48

5.3.3.1 Data storage from wavelength scan or time course ........................................................48

5.3.3.2 Recall stored data from wavelength scan or time course................................................49

5.3.3.3 Send data from wavelength scan or time course ............................................................49

5.3.3.4 Delete stored data from wavelength scan or time course ...............................................50

5.3.4 Data analysis............................................................................................................................50

5.3.4.1 Trends .............................................................................................................................51

5.3.4.2 Ratios ..............................................................................................................................52

5.3.4.3 Interference Check (not available on all models) ............................................................55

Table of contents

5.4 Stored Programs............................................................................................................................... 56

5.4.1 Select a saved test/method; entering user-specific basic data................................................ 56

5.4.2 Stored programs options.......................................................................................................... 56

5.4.3 Use of program timers ............................................................................................................. 57

5.4.4 Set the dilution factor ............................................................................................................... 58

5.4.5 Run a standard adjust.............................................................................................................. 59

5.4.6 Set the chemical form .............................................................................................................. 59

5.4.6.1 Change of the default setting of the chemical form......................................................... 60

5.4.7 Run a reagent blank................................................................................................................. 60

5.4.8 To carry out a multiple determination....................................................................................... 61

5.4.9 Analysis of samples ................................................................................................................. 61

5.4.10 Update/edit tests (not available on all models) ...................................................................... 62

5.4.10.1 General advices for program update and edit............................................................... 62

5.4.10.2 Manual update of test data ........................................................................................... 62

5.4.10.3 Program a new test....................................................................................................... 63

5.4.11 Add stored programs to the favorite programs list................................................................. 63

5.5 Barcode Programs............................................................................................................................ 64

5.5.1 Perform a barcode test ............................................................................................................ 64

5.5.2 Select the chemical evaluation form ........................................................................................65

5.5.2.1 Change of the default setting of the chemical form......................................................... 65

5.5.3 Basic test-specific and sample-specific data settings.............................................................. 65

5.5.4 Sample blank ........................................................................................................................... 67

5.5.5 Update/edit barcode tests........................................................................................................ 67

5.5.5.1 Update barcode tests with test packaging (not available on all models) ........................ 67

5.5.5.2 Manual update of a barcode test .................................................................................... 68

5.5.5.3 Manual check/revision of test data.................................................................................. 70

5.5.5.4 Update via the Internet.................................................................................................... 70

5.5.5.5 Program a new test......................................................................................................... 71

Table of contents

Section 6 Expanded programs.............................................................................................................73

6.1 User programs...................................................................................................................................73

6.1.1 Program a user method............................................................................................................73

6.1.1.1 Single wavelength settings..............................................................................................75

6.1.1.2 Multi wavelength settings ................................................................................................76

6.1.1.3 Calibration settings for single and Multi Wavelength mode.............................................78

6.1.1.4 Store a user program.......................................................................................................81

6.1.1.5 Additional user-defined parameters and functions..........................................................81

6.1.2 "Free programming" program type ...........................................................................................82

6.1.2.1 Measurement process.....................................................................................................84

6.1.2.2 Enter a new element of a measuring sequence ..............................................................84

6.1.2.3 Enter the calibration formula (evaluation formula)...........................................................87

6.1.2.4 Enter variables.................................................................................................................90

6.1.2.5 Save a free programming user program..........................................................................90

6.1.3 Select a user program..............................................................................................................90

6.1.4 Add, edit and delete user programs from the favorites list.......................................................90

6.1.4.1 Add to Favorites ..............................................................................................................91

6.1.4.2 Edit ..................................................................................................................................91

6.1.4.3 Delete program................................................................................................................92

6.2 Favorites ...........................................................................................................................................92

6.2.1 Recall a favorite program .........................................................................................................92

6.2.2 Delete a favorite program.........................................................................................................92

6.3 Standard Addition - monitoring/checking results...............................................................................93

6.3.1 Complete a standard addition ..................................................................................................94

6.4 Single Wavelength (absorbance, concentration and transmittance readings)..................................97

6.4.1 Set up Single Wavelength mode..............................................................................................97

6.4.2 Take single wavelength readings (single reading) ...................................................................99

6.5 Multi Wavelength mode – readings with more than one wavelength................................................99

6.5.1 Set the Reading mode at different wavelengths.......................................................................99

6.5.2 Complete a reading in the Multi Wavelength mode................................................................102

6.6 Wavelength Scan mode – recording of absorbance and transmission spectrums..........................102

6.6.1 Set up the wavelength scan ...................................................................................................103

6.6.2 Perform a wavelength scan....................................................................................................105

6.6.2.1 Navigation of the wavelength scan graph or a wavelength scan analysis.....................106

6.6.3 Work with reference scans.....................................................................................................106

6.7 Time course of absorbance/transmittance ......................................................................................108

6.7.1 Time course setup parameters...............................................................................................108

6.7.2 Time course scan reading......................................................................................................109

6.7.3 Analysis of time course data ..................................................................................................110

6.7.3.1 Navigation of a time scan or a time scan analysis.........................................................110

Table of contents

6.8 System Checks............................................................................................................................... 111

6.8.1 Instrument Information........................................................................................................... 111

6.8.2 Update the instrument software.............................................................................................111

6.8.3 Optical Checks....................................................................................................................... 112

6.8.3.1 Verification kit................................................................................................................ 112

6.8.3.2 Test solution.................................................................................................................. 113

6.8.3.3 Wavelength check.........................................................................................................115

6.8.3.4 Stray light check............................................................................................................ 115

6.8.3.5 Absorbance check ........................................................................................................ 116

6.8.4 AQA - Analytical Quality Assurance....................................................................................... 117

6.8.4.1 AQA Standard configuration ......................................................................................... 118

6.8.4.2 AQA Addition ................................................................................................................ 119

6.8.4.3 Multiple Determination .................................................................................................. 120

6.8.4.4 Dilution .......................................................................................................................... 121

6.8.4.5 Performing AQA measurement..................................................................................... 121

6.8.4.6 Pipette test set .............................................................................................................. 121

6.8.5 Instrument backup ................................................................................................................. 121

6.8.6 Service menu......................................................................................................................... 123

6.8.7 Service time ........................................................................................................................... 123

6.8.8 Lamps operating time ............................................................................................................ 123

6.9 Toolbar............................................................................................................................................ 124

6.9.1 Log on....................................................................................................................................124

6.9.2 Sample ID .............................................................................................................................. 124

6.9.3 Timer...................................................................................................................................... 125

6.9.4 AQA ....................................................................................................................................... 125

6.9.5 Trends.................................................................................................................................... 125

6.9.6 Link2SC ................................................................................................................................. 125

6.9.7 Website DR 3900................................................................................................................... 126

Section 7 Maintenance ....................................................................................................................... 127

7.1 Cleaning requirements.................................................................................................................... 127

7.1.1 Spectrophotometer ................................................................................................................ 127

7.1.2 Display ................................................................................................................................... 127

7.1.3 Cuvettes/cells......................................................................................................................... 127

7.2 Lamp replacement .......................................................................................................................... 128

7.3 Exchange of the replaceable cell compartment.............................................................................. 130

Section 8 Troubleshooting................................................................................................................. 133

Section 9 Replacement parts............................................................................................................. 137

9.1 Accessories .................................................................................................................................... 137

9.2 Replacement parts.......................................................................................................................... 138

Table of contents

Section 10 Contact..............................................................................................................................139

Section 11 Warranty, liability and complaints...................................................................................141

Appendix A Help Guide ......................................................................................................................143

A.1 Display of the Help Guide for stored programs..............................................................................143

A.2 Display of the Help Guide for barcode programs..........................................................................144

Index.....................................................................................................................................................147

Section 1 Specifications

These are subject to change without notice!

Performance specifications

Display mode Transmittance (%), Absorbance and Concentration

Source lamp Halogen lamp

Wavelength range 320–1100 nm

Wavelength Accuracy ± 1.5nm (wavelength range 340–900 nm)

Wavelength reproducibility ± 0.1 nm

Wavelength resolution 1 nm

Wavelength calibration Automatic

Wavelength selection Automatic, based on method selection

Scanning speed ≥ 8 nm/s (in steps of 1 nm)

Spectral bandwidth 5 nm

Photometric measuring range ± 3.0 Abs (wavelength range 340–900 nm)

Photometric accuracy

Photometric linearity

5 m abs at 0.0–0.5 abs 1 % at 0.50–2.0 Ext

< 0.5 % to 2 Abs ≤1 % at > 2 Abs with neutral glass at 546 nm

Stray light < 0.1 %T at 340 nm with NaNO

Data log 2000 readings (Result, Date, Time, Sample ID, User ID)

User programs 100

Physical and environmental specifications

Width 350 mm (13.78 in)

Height 151 mm (5.94 in)

Depth 255 mm (10.04 in)

Mass 4200 g (9.26 lb)

Ambient operating requirements

Ambient storage requirements

Additional technical data

Power connector via external power supply

Interfaces

10–40 °C (50–104 °F), maximum 80 % relative humidity (without condensate formation)

–40–60 °C (–40–140 °F), maximum 80 % relative humidity (without condensate formation)

Input: 100–240 V/50–60 Hz Output: 15 V/40 VA

Use only shielded cable with maximum length of 3 m: 2× USB type A 1× USB type B Use only shielded cable (for example STP, FTP, S/FTP) with maximum length of

20 m: 1× Ethernet

Housing rating IP40 (excluding interfaces and power supply)

Protection class Class I

Specifications

Section 2 General Information

2.1 Safety information

Read through the entire user manual carefully before you unpack the device, set up and put into operation. Pay attention to all danger and caution statements. Failure to do so could result in serious injury to the operator or damage to the equipment.

To make sure that the protection provided by this instrument is not impaired, do not use or install this instrument in any manner other than that specified in these operating instructions.

Indicates a potentially or imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, results in death or serious injury.

Indicates a potentially or imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may result in minor or moderate injury.

DANGER

WARNING

CAUTION

Indicates a situation that, if it is not avoided, can lead to damage to the device. Information that requires special emphasis.

Note: Information that supplements points in the main text.

2.1.1 Precautionary labels

Read all labels and tags attached to the instrument. Personal injury or damage to the instrument could occur if not observed. For symbols attached to the instrument, corresponding warning notes are found in the user manual.

This symbol may be attached to the device and references the operation- and/or safety notes in the user manual.

Electrical equipment marked with this symbol may not be disposed of in European domestic or public disposal systems after 12 August 2005. In conformity with the applicable provisions, consumers in the EU must return old electrical equipment to the manufacturer for disposal from this date, at no charge to the user.

Note: For return for recycling, please contact the equipment manufacturer or supplier for instructions on how to return end-of-life equipment, manufacturer-supplied electrical accessories, and all auxiliary items for proper disposal.

2.1.2 RFID module (not available on all models)

NOTICE

RFID technology is a radio application. Radio applications are subject to national conditions of authorisation. The use of the DR 3900 (model with RFID module) is currently permitted in the following countries: EU, CH, NO, HR, RS, MK, TR, CY, US, CA, AU, NZ. The manufacturer advises that the use of the DR 3900 (model with RFID module) outside of the above-mentioned

General Information

regions may contravene national laws. The manufacturer reserves the right also to obtain authorisation in other countries. In case of doubt, please contact the distributor.

The DR 3900 contains an RFID module to receive and transmit information and data. The RFID module operates with a frequency of 13.56 MHz.

WARNING

The spectrophotometer may not be used in dangerous environments. The manufacturer and its suppliers reject any express or indirect

guarantee for use with high-risk activities.

Follow the following safety information, in addition to any local guidelines in force.

Safety information for the correct use of the instrument:

• Do not operate the instrument in hospitals or comparable establishments in proximity to medical equipment, like pace makers or hearing aids.

• Do not operate the instrument near highly flammable substances, such as fuels, highly combustible chemicals and explosives.

2.1.3 Chemical and Biological Safety

• Do not operate the device near combustible gases, vapors or

dust.

• Do not vibrate or jolt the instrument.

• The instrument can cause interference in immediate

proximity to televisions, radios and computers.

• Do not open the instrument.

• Guarantee is voided if the instrument is not used in

accordance with the guidelines present in this document.

DANGER

Potential danger with contact with chemical/biological substances. Working with chemical samples, standards and reagents can be

dangerous. Make yourself familiar with the necessary safety procedures and the correct handling of the chemicals before use and read and follow all relevant safety data sheets.

With normal operation of this device the use of chemicals risking health or biologically harmful samples can be required.

• Before handling these substances observe all danger notes

and safety information printed on the containers of the original solutions and in the safety data sheet.

• Dispose of all consumed solutions in accordance with the national regulations and laws.

• Select the type of protective equipment suitable to the concentration and quantity of the dangerous material being used.

2.2 Overview of product

General Information

The DR 3900 is a VIS spectrophotometer with a wavelength range of 320 to 1100 nm. The instrument is delivered with a complete series of application programs and supports several languages.

The spectrophotometer DR 3900 contains the following programs and operating types:

• Stored programs (pre-installed tests)

• Barcode Programs

• User Programs

• Favorites

• Single Wavelength

• Multi Wavelength

• Wavelength Scan

• Time course

The DR 3900 Spectrophotometer provides digital readouts in direct concentration units, absorbance or percent transmittance.

When selecting a user-generated or programmed method, the menus and prompts serve to direct the user through the test.

This menu system can also generate reports, statistical evaluations of generated calibration curves and to report instrument diagnostic checks.

General Information

Section 3 Installation

3.1 Unpack the instrument

WARNING

Electrical and fire hazards. Only use the supplied benchtop power supply LZV844.

Only qualified experts may perform the tasks described in this section of the manual, while adhering to all locally valid safety regulations.

The DR 3900 Spectrophotometer comes packaged with the following items:

• DR 3900 spectrophotometer

• Dust cover

• USB dust cover, fitted as standard

• Benchtop power supply with power cord for EU

• Cell adapter A.

• Light shield, fitted as standard in the DR 3900

• Operator RFID tag (not available on all models)

3.2 Operating environment

• Basic operating instructions DR 3900, operating instructions

LINK2SC

Further information, detailed user manuals and documentation are available on the website of the manufacturer.

Note: If any of these items are missing or damaged, please contact the manufacturer or a sales representative immediately.

Observe the following points to allow the instrument to function normally and give a long operating life.

• Position the instrument securely on a flat surface taking care to remove any objects from under the device.

• The ambient temperature must be 10–40 °C (50–104 °F).

NOTICE

Protect the instrument from extreme temperatures from heaters, direct sunlight and other heat sources.

• The relative humidity should be less than 80 %; moisture should not condense on the instrument.

• Leave at least a 15 cm clearance at the top and on all sides for air circulation to avoid overheating of electrical parts.

• Do not use or store the device in extremely dusty, humid or wet places.

• Keep the surface of the instrument, the cell compartment and all accessories clean and dry at all times. Immediately remove splashes or spilt materials on or in the instrument (refer to Section 7).

Installation

3.3 Front and back view

Figure 1 Front view

1 USB port type A 4 On/off switch 2 Cell compartment cover 5 RFID module (not available on all models) 3 Touch screen

Figure 2 Back view

Installation

1 Ethernet port 3 USB port type A 2 USB port type B 4 Connection for benchtop power supply

3.4 Power connections

WARNING

Electrical and fire hazards. Only use the supplied benchtop power supply LZV844.

1. Connect the power cable to the benchtop power supply.

2. Plug the benchtop power supply cable into the back of the

instrument (Figure 2, page 17).

3. Insert the power cable plug into a mains socket (100–240 V~/50–60 Hz).

4. Turn on the power button next to the display to turn on the power supply (Figure 1, page 16).

Installation

3.5 Interfaces

The DR 3900 features three USB ports and one Ethernet port as standard, located on the front and rear sides of the instrument (Figure 1 and Figure 2, page 17).

The USB type A ports are used for communications with a printer, USB memory stick or keyboard. A USB memory stick can be used to update the instrument software.

The USB type B port is used for communications with a PC. The optional Hach Data Trans software (refer to Section 9, page 137) must be installed on the PC for data transfer.

A USB hub may be used to connect several accessories at a time.

Note: USB cables must not be longer than 3m.

These USB ports permit data to be exported to a printer or PC and also allow the instrument software to be upgraded (refer to

section 6.8.2, page 111). The Ethernet port supports real-time

data transfer in local networks, LIMS systems or SC controllers. Only use a shielded cable (e.g. STP, FTP, S/FTP) with a maximum length of 20 m for the Ethernet port.

3.6 Cell compartments, cell adapters and light shield

3.6.1 Cell compartments and adapters

The DR 3900 has two cell compartments (Figure 3). Only one cell type at a time can be used for a reading.

Cell compartment (1) for:

• 13 mm round cells

Note: Cell compartment (1) contains barcode detection for cells.

Cell compartment (2) for:

The following cell types can be used in cell compartment (2).

• Without cell adapter A, 50-mm cells, 1-inch rectangular cells and 1-inch flow cells can be used directly in cell compartment (2).

• With cell adapter A: 10 mm rectangular cells, 1-inch round cells and AccuVac® vials.

Note: These cells must be inserted using cell adapter A.

Figure 3 Cell compartments

Installation

1 Cell compartment for round cells (1) 2 Cell compartment for rectangular cells (2)

Figure 4 Cell adapter

Cell adapter A: 10-mm rectangular cells/1-inch round cell

Installation

3.6.2 Installation of cell adapter

Figure 5 Installation of a cell adapter

1. Open the cell compartment.

2. Place the cell adapter into cell compartment (2) so that the

arrow on the cell adapter points to the rear (Figure 5).

Note: The arrow on top of the cell adapter indicates the direction of the light beam path.

3.6.3 Use of the light shield for measurements

The light shield (Figure 6) prevents disruptive exposure to light when 13 mm round cells are used in the cell compartment (1).

Insert the light shield into cell compartment (2) before performing measurements in cell compartment (1).

The instrument is shipped with the light shield installed. Remove the light shield before using cell compartment (2).

Figure 6 Light shield

Installation

Installation of the light shield

1. Open the cell compartment.

2. Place the light shield into cell compartment (2) so that the

arrow on the light shield points to the rear.

Installation

3.7 Beam path

Figure 7 Beam path

Figure 7 shows the beam path of the DR 3900.

1 Halogen lamp 8 Splitter mirror 2 Entrance slit 9 Reference element 3 Grating 10 Cell compartment (2) for rectangular cells 4 Grating angle indicator 11 Lens 5 Exit slit 12 Reading element 6 Lens 13 Cell compartment (1) for round cells 7 Filter wheel

Section 4 Start up

4.1 Switch on the instrument, startup process

1. Connect the power cable to the mains outlet.

2. Switch on the instrument by using the power button next to

the display.

3. The instrument starts automatically with a startup process lasting approximately 45 seconds. The display shows the logo of the manufacturer. At the end of the startup process, a startup melody is heard.

Note: Wait approximately 20 seconds before switching on again so as not to damage the electronics and mechanics of the instrument.

4.2 Language selection

The DR 3900 software includes several language options. The first time the instrument is switched on, the language selection screen will be shown automatically after the startup process.

1. Select the required language.

4.3 Self-check

2. Press OK to confirm the language selection. The self-check

will then start automatically.

Change the language setting

The instrument functions in the selected language until the option is changed.

1. Turn the instrument on.

2. During the startup process, touch any point on the screen

and maintain contact until the option for selecting a language is shown (approximately 45 seconds).

3. Select the required language.

4. Press OK to confirm the language selection. The self-check

will then start automatically.

Each time the instrument is powered up, a test program begins.

This procedure, which takes approximately two minutes, checks the system, lamp, filter adjustment, wavelength calibration and voltage. Each test that functions correctly is marked accordingly.

The Main Menu is displayed when diagnostics are completed.

Note: In the event of further error messages during the test program, refer to Section 8, page 133.

Start up

4.4 Sleep mode

4.5 Power off the instrument

The instrument can be put into sleep mode.

1. Briefly press the power button next to the display.

The "Sleep mode" message is shown. The display will then switch off automatically.

2. To switch on, press the power button next to the display. The self-check will start automatically. After that, the instrument is ready to use.

1. Press the power button next to the display for approximately 5 seconds.

Section 5 Standard programs

5.1 Overview

5.1.1 Tips for using the touch screen

The whole screen responds to touch. To choose an option, tap with a fingernail, fingertip, an eraser or a specialised stylus. Do not touch the screen with sharp objects, such as the tip of a ballpoint pen.

• Do not place anything on top of the screen, to prevent damage or scratches on the screen.

• Press buttons, words or icons to select them.

• Use scroll bars to move up and down long lists very quickly.

Press and hold the scroll bar, then move up or down to move through the list.

• Highlight an item from a list by pressing it once. When the item has been successfully selected, it will be displayed as reversed text (light text on a dark background).

5.1.2 Use of the alphanumeric keypad

This display is used to enter letters, numbers and symbols as needed when programming the instrument. Unavailable options are disabled (grayed out). The icons on the right and left of the screen are described in Table 1.

The central keypad changes to reflect the chosen entry mode. Press a key repeatedly until the desired character appears on the screen. A space can be entered by using the underscore on the YZ_ key.

Press Cancel to cancel an entry, or press OK to confirm an entry.

Note: It is also possible to use a USB keyboard (with US keyboard layout) or a hand-held USB barcode scanner (refer to Section 9,

page 137).

Table 1 Alphanumeric keypad

Icon / key Description Function

ABC/abc Alphabetic Toggles the character input mode between upper and lower case.

# % Symbols Punctuation, symbols and numerical sub- and superscripts may be entered.

123 Numeric For entering regular numbers.

CE Clear Entry Clear the entry.

Left Arrow Back Deletes the current character and goes back one position.

Right Arrow Next Navigates to the next space in an entry.

Standard programs

5.1.3 Main menu

Option Function

Stored programs are pre-programmed methods that make use of HACH chemicals and

Stored Programs / Barcode Programs (HACH-LANGE programs)

HACH-LANGE pipette tests. The working procedures for HACH-LANGE tests are included in the test packs.

Further information, as well as illustrated, step-by-step process instructions for analyses using HACH programs, are available on the website of the manufacturer.

User programs make "made to measure analysis" possible:

A variety of modes may be selected from the Main Menu. The following table briefly describes each menu option.

There is a toolbar on the right-hand side of the screen. Press to activate the various functions.

Table 2 Main Menu options

User Programs

• Users can program methods they have developed themselves

• Existing HACH and LANGE methods can be stored as user programs. The

HACH-LANGE tests can then be modified to suit the user's requirements.

Favorites List of methods/tests created by the user to suit his own requirements.

Single wavelength readings are:

Absorbance readings: The light absorbed by the sample is measured in absorbance units.

Single Wavelength

Multi Wavelength

Wavelength Scan

Time course

System checks

Recall measurement data Stored data can be called up, filtered, sent and deleted.

Instrument Setup

Transmittance reading (%): Measures the percent of the original light that passes through the

sample and reaches the detector. Concentration readings: A concentration factor can be entered to enable the measured

absorbance values to be converted into concentration values. In the Multi Wavelength mode, absorbance (Abs) or percentage transmittance (%T) is

measured at up to four wavelengths and absorbance differences and absorbance relationships are calculated. Simple conversions into concentrations can also be carried out.

A wavelength scan shows how the light from a sample is absorbed over a defined wavelength spectrum. This function can be used to determine the wavelength at which the maximum absorbance value can be measured. The absorbance behavior is displayed graphically during the scan.

The time scan records the absorbance or % transmittance at a wavelength over a defined time.

The "System check" menu offers a number of options, including optical checks, output checks, lamp history, instrument update, service time, settings for analytical quality assurance and instrument backup.

In this mode, user-specific or method-specific settings can be entered: operator ID, sample ID, date & time, sound, PC & printer, password, energy-saving mode and stored data.

5.2 Instrument Setup

5.2.1 Operator ID

Standard programs

1. Select Instrument Setup in the Main Menu.

A selection of functions appears in order to configure the functions of the instrument.

Use this option to enter up to 30 sets of operator initials (up to ten characters each) into the instrument. This feature helps record which operator measured each sample.

1. Press Operator ID in "Instrument Setup".

2. Press Options>New to enter a new operator ID.

Note: If no operator ID has yet been entered, the alphanumeric keyboard is immediately displayed.

3. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter a new operator ID.

4. Press OK to confirm the entry.

5. Choose an icon for the operator ID using the Left Arrow and Right Arrow.

6. Press Operator Password to protect the operator ID with a

password.

7. Use the alphanumeric keyboard to enter an operator password.

8. Press OK to confirm the entry.

9. Press Cancel to delete the complete entry for the operator

ID. Press Back to reach to the input screen for operator ID. Press OK to confirm the entry. The following screen is displayed.

Standard programs

10. With Back the device returns to the menu "Instrument

Setup". Press Logout to log out of an active operator ID. Press Login to activate a selected operator ID. Press Options to enter, change or delete additional operator IDs. The following screen is displayed.

11. Press New to enter another operator ID. Press Delete to delete an operator ID. Press Edit to edit an operator ID. Press Initialize RFID Tag to write the operator ID to an optional operator RFID tag (not available on all models). Refer to section 5.2.1.1 for more information.

5.2.1.1 Operator RFID tag (not available on all models)

1. Define an operator ID (refer to section 5.2.1).

2. Press Initialize RFID Tag.

3. Follow the instructions on screen and hold the operator RFID

tag over to the front-right of the RFID module.

A sound indicates that the write process has been sucessful.

4. The operator RFID tag can be newly written at any time. To do so, confirm the "Overwrite Operator ID" message with OK and enter the password if the old operator ID is protected with a password.

If the operator RFID tag is successfully overwritten, a message confirming this will briefly be shown on the display.

5.2.2 Sample ID

The operator is logged on and the operator ID is shown in the toolbar.

Use this option to enter up to 100 Sample Identification tags (up to 20 characters each) into the instrument. Sample IDs can be

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used to specify the sample location or other sample specific information, for example.

1. Press Sample ID in the toolbar on the right.

2. Press New to enter a new sample ID.

Note: If no sample ID has been entered yet, the alphanumeric keyboard is immediately displayed.

3. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter a new Sample ID.

Note: If a USB Barcode handset scanner (refer to section 5.2.2.1,

page 30 ) is connected, Sample IDs can also be scanned.

4. Press OK to confirm the entry.

5. Assign the current time and date, a sequential number or a

colour to the sample ID.

6. To number the sample IDs sequentially—e.g. Inflow (01) etc.—press Add Number.

• Use the arrow keys to specify the first number of the

sequence.

• Use the key between the arrow keys to enter the first

number of the sequence using the alphanumeric keypad.

7. Press OK to return to the "Instrument Setup" menu.

The Sample ID is activated. Each Sample ID is automatically numbered in ascending order after a reading. The number is shown in parentheses behind the Sample ID.

8. Press Back to return the instrument to the "Instrument Setup" menu. Press Off to switch off the active sample ID. Press Select to activate the selected sample ID. Use Options to enter, change or delete additional sample IDs. The following screen is displayed:

Standard programs

9. Press New to enter another sample ID.

5.2.2.1 Sample ID with scanner method 1

1. Connect the scanner to the USB port.

2. Press Sample ID>Options and New.

3. Read barcode with scanner.

4. The sample ID can have the current date and time, a

Press Delete to delete a sample ID. Press Edit to edit a sample ID. Press Initialize RFID Tag to write the sample ID to an optional location RFID tag (not available on all models).

Successful connection is indicated by a sound.

sequential number and a colour allocated to it. Select the required options or a colour.

5. Press OK to confirm the entry.

6. Press New again and repeat the process for each barcode.

5.2.2.2 Sample ID with scanner method 2

1. Read the sample ID on the screen with the barcode scanner

and perform measurement.

The barcode is stored along with the reading, but is not adopted into the list of sample IDs.

Note: To delete a sample ID, select the ID and press Delete. Note: A sample ID can be entered or changed in Reading Mode. On the

results screen, press Options>More>Instrument Setup. If a Sample ID is already assigned, select the "Sample ID" symbol in the result display.

Standard programs

5.2.3 Sample ID and operator ID with the optional RFID Sample ID Kit (not available on all models)

The optional RFID Sample ID Kit consists of:

• A LOC 100 RFID Locator

• An operator RFID tag

• Five location RFID tags and

• Three sample bottle RFID labels each, in black, red, green,

blue and yellow

The operator and location RFID tags can be written to and read in by the RFID module in the DR 3900 as often as required.

More information can be found in the user manual for the LOC 100 RFID Locator.

5.2.4 Security settings

The "Security" menu contains a variety of security settings to control access to various functions.

All functions can be allocated to three different security levels:

• not secured: every operator can make changes in this area.

• one key: every operator assigned this security level can

make changes to non-secured functions and functions with one key.

• two keys: every operator assigned this security level can make changes in all functions

1. Press Security in the "Instrument Setup" menu.

2. In order to open the Security List, assign a password as security administrator. Press Security Password.

3. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter a new security password (up to 10 characters) and press OK to confirm.

Standard programs

4. Press Security List to access various functions with security

level 1 or 2.

5. Select the required function and press Setup.

5.2.4.1 Assign operator security level

6. Select the required security level (two keys, one key or off) and confirm using OK.

7. Confirm the Security List using OK to return to the

"Security" menu.

8. Press On to activate the new settings of the security list.

9. Press OK to return to the "Instrument Setup" menu.

Note: The alphanumeric keypad for entering the password appears when a user tries to reach a locked setting.

Every operator with an operator ID can be assigned a security level. This is connected to the operator password. Setup must be coordinated with the security administrator and the operator.

Standard programs

1. Select Operator ID from "Instrument Setup".

2. Enter the security password and confirm by pressing OK.

3. Set up an operator ID (refer to section 5.2.1).

4. Press Operator Password.

5. Enter the operator password and confirm with OK.

6. Press Security Level <Off>

7. Enter the security password and confirm with OK.

The current security level for the selected operator is shown.

8. Select the required security level for this operator ID and confirm with OK.

Standard programs

9. Press OK.

The operator ID is displayed with the selected security level.

10. Activate the selected operator ID by pressing Login.

11. Enter the operator password.

12. Confirm with OK and return to "Instrument Setup".

5.2.4.2 Deactivate password

1. Press Security in the "Instrument Setup" menu.

2. Enter the security password and confirm with OK.

3. Press Off to deactivate the settings of the Security List.

4. Press OK and return to the "Instrument Setup" menu.

Note: Use this function to delete the former password or to enter a new one.

5.2.5 Date and time

Standard programs

1. Press Date & Time in the "Instrument Setup".

2. Select a Date Format for the date.

3. Press OK to confirm the entry.

4. Select a Time Format for the time.

5. Press OK to confirm the entry.

6. Press OK to confirm the entry.

Standard programs

5.2.6 Sound settings

7. Enter the current date and time. Change the information

using the arrow keys.

8. Press OK to confirm the entry.

The instrument then returns to "Instrument Setup".

1. Press Sound Settings in "Instrument Setup".

The following options will be displayed:

• All: Activates/deactivates a sound with a variable volume for every function, with the exception of the timer.

• Touch screen: Activates/deactivates a short sound with variable volume every time the screen is touched.

• Reading done: Activates/deactivates a short sound with variable volume when the reading is done.

•Timer: Sets short/long sound with variable volume when timer has ended.

•Startup: Activates/deactivates a startup melody with variable volume when the test program is started.

• Warning: Activates/deactivates a short sound with variable volume if there is an error message.

• RFID done: Activates/deactivates a short sound with variable volume when a RFID transfer is done.

• Shutdown: Activates/deactivates a short sound with variable volume when shutting down.

2. Select the required action.

3. Press Setup and complete the required settings.

4. Press OK to confirm the entry.

5. Press OK to confirm the entry.

The instrument then returns to "Instrument Setup".

5.2.7 PC and printer

The DR 3900 features an Ethernet port and two USB ports on the rear of the instrument, as well as one USB port on the front (refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, page 17). These interfaces can be used for exporting data and graphics to a printer, updating data and

Standard programs

transferring data to a PC and in a network. These interfaces can be used for the connection of a USB stick, an external USB keyboard or a USB Barcode handset scanner.

Note: Various accessories can also be connected simultaneously using a USB hub.

A USB memory stick is used to update data, refer to

section 6.8.2, page 111.

Note: A shielded USB cable must not be longer than 3m!

Table 3 USB connector

Interfaces Description

USB (Type A) This USB port can be used to connect a printer, a USB memory stick or a keyboard.

USB (Type B)

Ethernet

5.2.7.1 Printer setup

This USB port is only intended for the connection of the DR 3900 to a PC (with installation of the corresponding software).

The Ethernet port is intended for data transfer to a PC without installed software or in a local network . Only use a shielded cable (e.g. STP, FTP, S/FTP) with a maximum length of 20 m for the Ethernet port.

1. Press PC & Printer in "Instrument Setup".

A list with information about the connections opens.

2. Press Printer.

3. Press Setup to display the Printer Setup screen.

Standard programs

Printer Setup:

• Resolution: Font size

• Paper: Paper size

Note: If an optional Thermal Printer is connected, the function "Auto Send" on/off is available.

4. Press Resolution to select the print quality.

Select between:

• 100 dpi,

• 150 dpi and

• 300 dpi.

5. Press OK to confirm the entry.

5.2.7.2 Print data

Note: Press OK again to return to the "Instrument Setup" menu.

6. Press Paper to select the paper size.

Select between:

• Letter,

• Monarch,

• Executive,

• A4.

7. Press OK to confirm the entry.

Note: Press OK again to return to the "Instrument Setup" menu.

1. Press Recall Data from the Main Menu.

2. Select the data source, where the data to be printed are

stored.

A list is displayed. Data can be filtered. Refer to

section 5.3.1.2, page 44 for more information.

3. Press the Printer icon to send the data (table, curve)

immediately to the printer.

4. Highlight Single point, Filtered data or All data and press OK to confirm.

Send data... appears on the display until the data is

printed.

5.2.7.3 Print data continuously

5.2.7.4 Network setup

Standard programs

If all readings are to be printed out automatically straight after measurement, the use of a continuous form printer is recommended, e.g. the 4" paper thermal printer. Refer to

Section 9, page 137.

1. Connect the thermal printer to a USB type A port.

2. Press PC & Printer in the "Instrument Setup" menu.

A list with information about the connections opens.

3. Highlight Printer.

4. Press Setup to display the Printer Setup screen.

5. Select Auto-Send: On to send all measured data

automatically to the Thermal printer.

The DR 3900 supports communication in local networks. To establish Ethernet communication in networks, special configuration is required. The manufacturer recommends support from a network administrator. Only use a shielded cable (e.g. STP, FTP, S/FTP) with a maximum length of 20 m for the Ethernet port. This section describes the setting options for the photometer in relation to network communication.

The connection parameters must be configured for data transfer to a PC or connection to a network.

1. Press PC & Printer in "Instrument Setup".

2. Press Network>Setup.

3. Press On.

4. Press IP address.

An IP address is used to send data from a sender to a pre-defined recipient.

• If the IP for the DR 3900 is automatically issued in the network, no further settings are necessary. A hostname can optionally be assigned.

• If the instrument address is fixed, the connection must be configured.

Standard programs

5. Select Fix to configure the IP address.

6. Press IP address and enter the address.

In conjunction with the IP address of an instrument, the subnet mask establishes which IP addresses are located within the local network.

7. Press Subnet Mask and enter the address.

A Gateway enables data communication in networks that are based on varying protocols.

8. Press Default Gateway and enter the address.

9. Press OK to confirm the entry.

Standard programs

10. Press Network Server: <Off> to determine the target site for

the data transfer.

11. Select Netdrive and run Netdrive Setup. Alternatively, select FTP and run FTP Setup. The procedures are completely identical. As an example, Netdrive Setup is described here.

The target site can be defined by IP address or a server name.

12. Press IP-Address and enter the IP address or select Server Name and enter the server name.

13. Press Data Folder and enter the target folder name.

Note: A folder with the selected name must exist on the target system. Additionally, the folder must be shared with the operator, using the corresponding password.

14. Press OK to confirm the entry.

Standard programs

User and password must be identical to the settings on the

target system.

15. Press User and enter the username.

16. Press OK to confirm.

17. Press Password and enter the password.

18. Press OK to confirm the entry.

19. Press Factory Default to restore the Network Settings to the

factory defaults.

5.2.8 Power Management

1. Press Power Management in "Instrument Setup".

2. Select Sleep Timer and press OK.

3. Select the required time span after which the instrument will

go into energy-saving sleep mode if it is not used (refer to

section 4.4, page 24), and confirm with OK.

4. Select Power Off Timer and press OK.

5. Select the required time span after which the instrument will

automatically be powered off if it is not used, and confirm with OK.

6. Press OK to confirm the entry.

The instrument then returns to "Instrument Setup".

5.3 Save, recall, send and delete data

5.3.1 The data log

The data log can store up to 2000 readings saved by the following programs:

• Stored Programs,

• Barcode Programs,

Standard programs

5.3.1.1 Auto/manual data storage

• User programs,

• Favorites,

• Single Wavelength and

• Multi Wavelength.

A complete record of the analysis is stored, including the Date, Time, Results, Sample ID and Operator ID.

The data storage parameter indicates whether data is to be stored automatically or manually (in which case the user has to decide which data to store).

1. Press Data Log Setup in the "Instrument Setup" menu.

• When the setting Auto Store: On is activated, the

instrument will store all measurement data automatically.

• When the setting Auto Store: Off is activated, the

instrument will not store any measurement data. However, this setting can be changed on the results screen, via Options>Auto Store: On. The reading currently shown in the display is then stored.

2. Specify the output format of data to be exported using Send Data Format. Select xml or csv.

3. Press OK to confirm the entry.

The instrument then returns to "Instrument Setup".

Note: When the instrument memory (data log) is full, the oldest data is automatically deleted allowing the new data to be stored.

Standard programs

5.3.1.2 Recall stored data from the data log

1. Press Recall Data in the Main Menu.

2. Press Data Log.

A listing of the stored data is displayed.

3. Press Filter: On/Off. The function Filter Settings is used to search for specific items.

4. Activate On. The data can now be filtered using the following selection criteria.

• Sample ID

• Operator ID

• Start Date

• Parameter

or any combination of the four.

5. Press OK to confirm the selection.

The chosen items are listed.

5.3.1.3 Send data from the data log

Standard programs

6. Press View Details to get more information.

Data is sent from the internal data log as an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file or as a CSV (Comma Separated Value) file, to a directory with the name DataLog on a USB mass storage device or a network drive. The file can then be processed using a spreadsheet program. The file name has the format: DLYear-Month-Day_Hour_Minute_Second.csv or DLYear-Month-Day_Hour_Minute_Second.xml.

To send data to a printer, refer to section 5.2.7.2, page 38.

1. Plug the USB storage device into the USB type A port on the DR 3900, or connect the DR 3900 to a network drive (refer to

section 5.2.7.4, page 39).

2. Press Recall Data from the Main Menu.

3. Select the data category to be transferred, e.g. Data Log.

A list of the selected measurement data is displayed.

4. Press Options and then the PC & Printer icon.

Standard programs

5. Select the data to be sent.

6. Press OK to confirm.

Note: The number in parentheses is the total number of data sets assigned to this selection.

5.3.1.4 Delete stored data from the data log

1. Press Recall Data from the Main Menu.

2. Press Data Log>Options>Delete.

3. Highlight Single point, Filtered data or All data and press

The following options are available:

• Single point: only this selected reading will be sent

•Filtered data: only readings that correspond to the set

filters will be sent

• All data: all data in the selected data category will be sent.

OK to confirm.

Note: The number in parentheses is the total number of data sets assigned to this selection.

5.3.2 Control charts for data from the AQA Log

1. Press Recall Data in the Main Menu.

2. Press AQA Log.

A listing of the stored data is displayed.

3. Press Filter: On/Off.

4. Activate On.

5. Select a required parameter.

6. Press OK to confirm the selection.

The chosen items are listed.

7. Press Options>Control Chart.

Standard programs

8. Press Standard Control Chart to choose the control chart

of the selected standard.

The measured standard concentrations are displayed graphically with the control limits and date.

Standard programs

9. Press Range Control Chart to select the control chart of the

range in % for multiple determinations.

The range in % is displayed graphically with the control limits and date.

5.3.3 Store, recall, send and delete data from wavelength scan and time course

The instrument can store 20 datasets for the Wavelength Scan and 20 datasets for the Time Course. The data must be stored manually after it is displayed.

5.3.3.1 Data storage from wavelength scan or time course

1. Press the Folder icon in the "Options" menu after a reading

is taken.

The Store Data list will be displayed.

2. Press Store to save the current scan to the highlighted numbered line.

Note: Scans can be overwritten.

5.3.3.2 Recall stored data from wavelength scan or time course

1. Press Recall Data from the Main Menu.

a. Select Wavelength Scan or Time Course to recall data.

b. If a program is already running, press

Options>More>Recall Data.

2. Select the required data.

3. Tap on Graph to display details.

Note: Press View Summary to return to the "Recall Data" list.

Standard programs

4. Press Tabl e to look at the details.

Note: Press View Summary to return to the "Recall Data" list.

5.3.3.3 Send data from wavelength scan or time course

There are two ways to recall sent data to a USB memory stick, printer or PC with Hach Data Trans.

Option 1:

1. Press Recall Data in the Main Menu and then Wavelength Scan or Time Course.

2. Press Options and then the PC & Printer icon to send the

data to a USB memory stick, to a printer or to a PC with Hach Data Trans.

• When a printer is connected, select how to send the data

to the printer (graph, table or both graph and table).

Standard programs

• If a USB memory stick is connected, the files will be

automatically sent to the USB memory stick as xml or csv files in the file folder "WLData (data of a wavelength scan) or "TCData" (data of a time course).

The file name will be formatted as: "ScanData_X.csv" (Wavelength Scan Data) or "TCData_X.csv" (Time Course Data). X = number of scans (1–20).

For further processing use a spreadsheet program.

Note: The message, "Data already present. Overwrite?" is displayed if the files are already stored. Press OK to overwrite the stored data.

Option 2:

1. Press Wavelength Scan or Time Course and then Options>More>Send Data to send the data to a USB

memory stick or to a printer.

• When a printer is connected, select how to send the data

to the printer (graph, table or both graph and table).

• If a USB memory stick is connected, the files will be

automatically sent to the USB memory stick as xml or csv files in the file folder "WLData (data of a wavelength scan) or "TCData" (data of a time course).

The file name will be formatted as: "ScanData_X.csv" (Wavelength Scan Data) or "TCData_X.csv" (Time Course Data). X = number of scans (1–20).

For further processing use a spreadsheet program.

5.3.3.4 Delete stored data from wavelength scan or time course

1. Press Recall Data in the Main Menu and then Wavelength Scan or Time Course.

A listing of the stored data is displayed.

2. Highlight any data to delete.

3. Press Delete in the "Options" menu and press OK to

confirm.

5.3.4 Data analysis

Consistent use of the sample ID function is necessary for all data analysis functions. Only data with identical sample IDs can be used in data analysis functions.

Use the Trends function to display a time-variation curve for the stored readings for each parameter and location. The concentration of the the corresponding parameter is shown graphically over time.

5.3.4.1 Trends

Standard programs

Use the Ratio function to monitor the parameter relationships at a particular location and display them in a graph.

Use the Interference Check function to display analyses with the same sample IDs and unfavourable levels of ion interference.

1. Press Recall Data>Data analysis.

2. Choose Trends and press OK to confirm. Alternatively, choose Trends from the toolbar.

3. Press Options>New.

4. Select the required parameter and press Next to confirm.

5. Select the required sample ID and press Next to confirm.

6. Select the required operator ID and press Next to confirm.

Standard programs

7. Select the required data analysis interval or the start and end date, and press Next to confirm.

8. Set an upper and lower control limit and press Next to

confirm.

5.3.4.2 Ratios

9. All of the selected functions are dispalyed in Trend Settings. Press OK to confirm.

10. Select the required trend with the created settings from the

list. Press Select.

The trend can be displayed in several formats, as a line or a point.

11. Select Information to see an overview of the parameter information.

12. Select Options>Add Data to add more readings to the trend.

13. Select Options>Ratio:Off to activate the Ratio function.

The ratio corresponds to the first row of readings selected.

The Ratio function is based on the precise classification of samples by their sample locations using the optional accessories "LOC 100 RFID Locator" and "RFID Sample ID Kit". The precise sample location, date and time are attached automatically. Ratio analysis calculates a ratio between two or three parameters. The last defined parameter is represented by 1. The first or second parameters are calculated as a ratio against this, e.g. 4:2:1.

1. Select Recall Data>Data analysis.

2. Select Ratios.

Standard programs

If a ratio analysis has already been carried out, a list of the defined analyses will be displayed.

3. Press Options.

4. Press New, to define a new ratio analysis.

Standard programs

5. Select the required sample ID and press Next to confirm.

6. Select parameter I with the greatest concentration and press Next to confirm.

7. Select parameter II with the middle concentration and press Next to confirm.

8. Select parameter III with the smallest concentration and press Next to confirm.

Standard programs

9. Select the required data analysis interval.

It is possible to select a fixed interval and an specific customised interval with start and end dates.

10. Press OK to confirm.

11. Choose an upper and lower control limit for the first and second parameters and press Next to confirm.

12. All of the selected functions are displayed in Ratio Settings. Press OK to confirm.

13. Select the ratio with the defined settings from the ratio

directory. Press Select.

A table with the defined values is shown.

Values outside the defined limits are displayed in red.

5.3.4.3 Interference Check (not available on all models)

The DR 3900 automatically tests for interfering ions. Typical interferences, such as chloride for nitrate, are recognised from defined concentrations and a warning is displayed. This check is only carried out for barcode tests that are indicated with identical sample IDs.

Standard programs

5.4 Stored Programs

Example:

Analysis of ammonium with barcode test LCK303 and recording of the readings. According to the LCK303 ion interference table, nitrate concentrates > 50 mg/L will interfere with the analysis.

The instrument displays a warning if the same sample ID has a value > 50 mg/L for nitrate.

1. Select Recall Data>Data analysis>Interference Check to activate a check.

Over 200 pre-programmed processes can be recalled via the Stored Programs menu. Stored Programs do not include any barcode tests.

5.4.1 Select a saved test/method; entering user-specific basic data

1. Press Stored Programs in the Main Menu to view an

alphabetical list of stored programs with program numbers.

The "Stored Programs" list will appear.

2. Highlight the required test.

Note: Select the program by name or scroll through the list using the arrow keys. Highlight the program or press Select by No. to search for a specific program number. Press OK to confirm.

3. Press Start to run the program. The respective measurement window is displayed.

Note: All corresponding data (wavelength, factors and constants) is already preset.

4. Follow the chemical procedural instructions. Further information is available on the website of the manufacturer.

Note: To display the procedural instructions in the display, press the info icon. This option is not available for all tests.

5.4.2 Stored programs options

1. Press Stored Programs in the Main Menu. Select the required process and press Start.

2. Press Options to enter specific data. The following

describes the options Table 4.

Table 4 Stored programs options

Options Description

More For further Options

Standard programs

Store Off/On

% Trans/Conc/Abs To switch to % transmittance, concentration or absorbance readings

Send Data icon / Send Data

Timer icon

Dilution Factor Off/On

Standard Addition

Standard Adjust

Chemical Form Some of the stored tests/methods allow selection of the chemical form and measuring range.

Reagent Blank

Save as User Program To store the selected parameters as a User Program, refer to section 6.1, page 73.

With the Store On setting, all measurement data is stored automatically. With the Store Off setting, no measurement data is stored.

To send data to a printer, network drive, computer or USB memory stick (USB type A or Ethernet port)

This functions as a stopwatch. It helps to make sure that the steps of an analysis are correctly timed (e. g. reaction times, wait times, etc., can be exactly specified). When the specified time has elapsed, a sound is emitted. The use of the timer has no influence on the reading program.

A corrective dilution factor can be entered in order to take account of certain properties. The number entered at the dilution factor prompt will be multiplied by the result to compensate for

the adjustment. For example, if the sample has been diluted by a factor of 2, enter 2. The default setting of the dilution factor is turned off.

Note: When a dilution is in effect, the dilution icon will appear on the display.

This option enables the accuracy of the measurements to be checked. The procedural instructions for test parameters contain a detailed explanation of how to use this function.

The procedural instructions for test parameters indicate whether a standard adjustment is necessary and, if so, how to proceed.

Some of the stored tests/methods include the "Reagent Blank" function. This enables the reagent blank value to be added to or subtracted from, the subsequent readings. The reagent blank value shifts the calibration curve along the y-axis, without changing the shape or gradient of the curve. The effect corresponds to a y-axis intercept of the calibration straight line. This is clarified by the following formula: concentration =[conc. factor) x Abs] - (reagent blank)

Multiple determination This option allows the multiple determination of a sample.

Recall Data To recall saved measurement data or time courses, refer to section 5.3, page 43.

Instrument Setup mode

Basic data for the instrument, refer to section 5.2, page 27.

5.4.3 Use of program timers

Some procedures do not require the use of timers. Other procedures require several timers. These timers are pre-programmed into each Stored Program, along with a description of the activity to be performed during the timed period.

Standard programs

1. Press the Timer icon.

2. Press OK to start the first timer.

The timer will count down on the screen.

3. To start the next timed activity for the Stored Program, press the Timer icon and OK.

Note: Press Close to view the reading screen while the timer is running. The time will be shown on the lower left side instead of the date.

Note: Press Cancel to stop the timer midway through the countdown.

Note: The timer will beep when the timed interval ends.

A general purpose timer is also available in many programs. Type the timer icon and select General Timer. Enter the length of the timed interval and press OK to start the timer. The timer will beep when the timed interval ends.

5.4.4 Set the dilution factor

The Dilution Factor function is used to calculate the original concentration of a sample that has been diluted by a known ratio.

1. Press Options>More…>Dilution Factor.

The number entered at the dilution factor prompt will be multiplied by the result to compensate for the adjustment.

For example , if the sample has been diluted by a factor of 2, enter 2. The default setting of the dilution factor is turned off.

2. Press OK to confirm. Press again OK.

Note: When a dilution is in effect, the dilution icon will appear on the display.

Note: If using undiluted samples, set the dilution factor off again.

5.4.5 Run a standard adjust

Standard programs

The Standard Adjust functions allows the calibration curve for a stored program to be adjusted based on analysis of a known standard solution. The Accuracy Check section of written procedures often suggests a standard solution concentration for this purpose.

1. Follow the entire procedure, using a known standard for the sample.

2. After reading the concentration, press Options>More>Standard Adjust.

3. Press On.

The "Current Reading" will show the concentration. The box on the right will show the default standard value for the test, as mentioned in the procedure.

4. To set the standard concentration, press the button and enter the new value. Press OK to confirm.

5.4.6 Set the chemical form

5. Press Adjust to enable the Standard Adjust. The Standard

Adjust icon will appear.

Note: The adjustment must be within certain limits, which vary with each program. The allowable percentage is shown after "Adjustment“.

Some Stored Programs allow a variety of chemical forms tobe selected.

Press the unit (e. g. mg/L) or the chemical representation of the evaluation form (e. g. Al

). A list of available evaluation forms appear. Select the required form by pressing the corresponding entry in the list.

Note: When exiting the program, the evaluation form reverts to the standard setting.

Standard programs

5.4.6.1 Change of the default setting of the chemical form

1. In the result display, press Options>More>Chemical Form.

2. A list of available evaluation forms appear. Select the new

default setting.

3. Press Save as Default.

The current result and all further readings will be displayed in the new chemical form.

5.4.7 Run a reagent blank

Some of the stored tests/methods include the "Reagent Blank" function. This enables the reagent blank value to be measured and then taken into account in calculating the reading result.

Reading/analysis of a reagent blank:

1. Prepare the test corresponding to the

specification/procedural instructions. Use distilled water instead of a sample to determine the reagent blank value.

2. Select the test. Insert the zero solution into the cell compartment, if required by the procedural instructions. Press Zero.

3. Insert the prepared sample cell into the cell compartment. Press Read. The result will be displayed.

4. Press Options>More>Reagent Blank.

5. Press On to highlight the Reagent Blank function.

6. The concentration shown on the button is the reading of the

reagent blank. To use this value for more analyses of this parameter, press OK.

7. To change the value displayed on the button, press the button. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the new value.

8. Next press OK.

Note: The "Reagent Blank" function is deactivated when the reading program is left. To use the same blank value later for other tests using the same reagent lot, enter the value per step 7.

Note: The results calculated using the reagent blank value must lie within the limits of the measuring range of the test/method.

Note: The reagent blank icon is shown in the result display (refer to arrow) when the function is active.

5.4.8 To carry out a multiple determination

A sample can be measured several times using the multiple determination functions.

1. Before reading the concentration, press Options>More>Multiple Determination.

2. Press On.

The number of multiple determinations is shown under "Measurements".

Standard programs

5.4.9 Analysis of samples

3. To change the value displayed on the button, press the

button. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the new value. Press OK to confirm.

4. The Multiple Determination icon will be shown on the display.

1. Press Stored Programs and select a program.

Note: If available, the procedural instruction is indicated on the display via the Info icon.

2. Insert the zero solution cell into the cell compartment.

3. Press Zero.

Standard programs

4. Remove the zero solution cell from the cell compartment.

Insert the sample cell into the cell compartment.

5. Press Read. The result will be displayed.

Note: To define a sample dilution, press the Dilution key in the toolbar.

6. For data storage, refer to section 5.3.1, page 43.

5.4.10 Update/edit tests (not available on all models)

5.4.10.1 General advices for program update and edit

For a manual test update and for a new programming of a test, refer to section 5.4.10.2, page 62 and section 5.4.10.3, page 63.

Note: Only in very few cases does the revision of a test require the test specifications to be updated.

To update and edit barcode tests, refer to section 5.5.5, page 67.

5.4.10.2 Manual update of test data

When a test is selected the instrument automatically sets the reading wavelength and factors.

Tests are continuously reviewed for simplified handling and to make sure current legal requirements are followed. This can lead to a change in the procedural instructions or an alteration to the factors. If such an alteration is indicated on the test packaging, update the instrument data according to the data supplied on the process specification inside the test packaging.

For updating from the Internet, refer to section 5.5.5.4, page 70.

1. Press Stored Programs in the Main Menu and select a program.

2. Press Program Options and then Edit.

5.4.10.3 Program a new test

Standard programs

The Data list of the corresponding test will appear.

The process specification of the corresponding test contains the new data (Wavelength, Factors, reading Ranges, Conversion Factor for chemical Form etc.).

3. Highlight the corresponding line in the data overview and press Edit.

4. Press OK and then Store after editing the test.

1. Press Stored Programs in the Main Menu.

2. Press Program Options and then New.

3. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the Program Number

indicated in the working procedure.

An overview of the data for the test to be programmed is displayed.

The process specification of the corresponding test contains the new data (Wavelength, Factors, reading Ranges, Conversion Factor for chemical Form etc.).

4. Highlight the line containing the test specification that is to be programmed, then press Edit and enter the data in the appropriate program lines.

5. Press OK and then Store after editing the test.

5.4.11 Add stored programs to the favorite programs list

The "Favorites" menu simplifies test selection by creating a list of the most frequently used tests from the Stored Programs and User Programs.

1. Press Stored Programs in the Main Menu. The "Stored Programs" list will appear.

2. Highlight the selection by pressing it or Select by Number to search for the program by number.

3. Press Add to Favorites and press OK to confirm.

The program can now be selected from "Favorite

Programs" menu in the Main Menu.

Standard programs

5.5 Barcode Programs

5.5.1 Perform a barcode test

A special barcode reader in cell compartment #1 automatically reads the barcode on the 13 mm cuvette/vial as the cuvette/vial completes a single rotation. The instrument uses the barcode identification to automatically set the correct wavelength for the analysis and calculates the result immediately with the help of stored factors.

In addition, readings are recorded at 10 different positions during a rotation. A special outlier-elimination program is run and then the average of the measured values is calculated. Cell and round cell faults and contaminations are detected and therefore a very precise result is determined.

1. Insert the light shield into cell compartment (2).

2. Prepare the barcode test in accordance with the process

specification and insert the cell in cell compartment (1).

• When a coded cell is placed in cell compartment #1 (Figure 3, page 19), the corresponding reading program is automatically activated in the Main Menu.

• Otherwise, press Barcode Programs in the Main Menu and insert a zero cell (depending on process specification) into cell compartment (1).

Note: For further information about the Help Guide ("Information" icon), refer to Appendix A, page 143.

The measurement is started automatically and the results are shown.

Note: To define a sample dilution, press the Dilution key in the toolbar.

To evaluate other cell tests and other parameters, insert the prepared cell into the cell compartment and read off the result.

Note: The control bar displayed on the right of the screen shows the relationship of the reading result to the measurement range. The black bar shows the measured result independently of any dilution factor that was entered.

5.5.2 Select the chemical evaluation form

The chemical form of the test result of a number of parameters can be selected individually.

1. In the result display, press the unit (e. g. mg/L) or the chemical representation of the evaluation form (e. g. PO

A list of available evaluation forms appears.

2. Select the required form from the list. Press OK to confirm.

Another way of changing the standard setting is:

1. In the result display, press Options>More>Chemical Form.

A list of available evaluation forms appear.

2. Select the required chemical form and press OK to confirm.

Note: The selected chemical form is displayed, but does not become the default. To change the default, refer to section 5.5.2.1.

Standard programs

3–

–P).

5.5.2.1 Change of the default setting of the chemical form

1. Insert the zero cell or sample cell (corresponding to the

process specification) into the cell compartment.

2. In the result display, press Options>More>Chemical Form.

3. A list of available evaluation forms appear. Select the new

default setting.

4. Press Save as Default.

The current result and all further readings will be displayed in the new chemical form.

5.5.3 Basic test-specific and sample-specific data settings

Press Options to change test or sample specific settings.

Standard programs

Table 5 Barcode program options

Options Description

More For further Options

Store Off/On

Abs % Trans To switch to % transmittance or absorbance readings

Store: On stores all measurement data automatically Store: Off does not store any measurement data.

Send Data icon / Send Data

Timer icon

Dilution Factor Off/On

Chemical Form Some of the stored tests/methods allow selection of the chemical form and measuring range.

Reagent Blank

Edit To modify an existing program

Lot information All relevant manufacturing data is stored here.

Save as User Program To store the selected parameters as a User Program, refer to section 6.1, page 73.

Multiple determination This option allows the multiple determination of a sample.

To send data to a printer, computer or USB memory stick (USB A) or network.

A corrective dilution factor can be entered in order to take account of certain properties. The number entered at the dilution factor prompt will be multiplied by the result to compensate

for the adjustment. For example, if the sample has been diluted by a factor of 2, enter 2. The default setting of the dilution factor is turned off.

Note: When a dilution is in effect, the dilution icon will appear on the display. Note: If undiluted samples are used, set the dilution factor off.

The function "Reagent Blank" is available for several barcode tests. This enables the reagent blank value to be added to or subtracted from, the subsequent readings. The reagent blank value shifts the calibration curve along the y-axis, without changing the shape or gradient of the curve. The effect corresponds to a y-axis intercept of the calibration straight line. This is clarified by the following formula: concentration =[conc. factor) * Abs] - (reagent blank)

Recall measurement data

Instrument Setup mode For basic instrument data, refer to section 5.2, page 27.

Recall saved measurement data, wave-length scans or time courses, see section 5.3, page 43.

5.5.4 Sample blank

Standard programs

Turbidity and colour in the sample matrix can falsify the results of a photometric analysis. The interference factors come from the sample or are created by reactions with the reagents.

The influence of turbidity and/or colour can be eliminated or reduced by taking a sample blank reading.

After the sample reading has been carried out, a special cell (LCW919) with the sample blank is inserted in the cell compartment. Measurement is automatic. The value of the sample measurement is then corrected through addition or subtraction of the blank value. The result is shown in the display with the Blank Correction icon.

Some barcode tests do not require a sample blank value to be determined, as turbidity and colour are dealt with during the test procedure.

Note: For further information about the Help Guide ("Information" icon), refer to Appendix A, page 143.

5.5.5 Update/edit barcode tests

5.5.5.1 Update barcode tests with test packaging (not available on all models)

Using the data provided in the barcode, the instrument automatically sets the reading wavelength and factors. If a deviation in barcode data from the stored data is detected, the instrument will require a data update and display the error message "Barcode control number? Update program data!" .

1. Hold the packaging of the barcode test with the RFID symbol in front of the RFID module of the instrument. A sound indicates the successful transfer of data; the test is automatically assessed

If the packaging is held in front of the RFID module a second time, the current lot information of the test is shown in the display. The test can be performed next according to the process specification.

Standard programs

5.5.5.2 Manual update of a barcode test

Note: Only in very few cases does the revision of a test require all test specifications to be updated.

The various data types that determine a barcode test are described in Table 6.

Table 6 Program update options

Program point Description

Name Name of the analysis parameter

Version An abbreviation assigned by the user or the version number, etc. is entered here

Exact definition of the test: the number of wavelengths at which readings are carried out, the

Measurement process

Formula Definition of the evaluation formulas with which the test result is calculated

Variables

Timer 1, Timer 2, Timer 3, Timer 4

number of absorbance readings needed, the keys to be used, any waiting periods between readings, etc.

The number of variables shown in the display depends on the definition of the measurement process and the formulas. Input of the numerical values of the wavelengths, factors, constants, etc.

This function can be used to enter abbreviations and defined times for up to four timers. Highlight the corresponding line and press Edit.

The timers are activated or deactivated with the control boxes on the left of the display. In the next column, a selection can be made from a list of names that describe the corresponding work step. In the third column, the times for each active timer are entered.

Enter the Name

Check the process specification in advance to determine whether this point needs to be changed.

1. Highlight the line containing Name and press Edit. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the name indicated in the process specification.

2. Press OK to confirm.

Enter the Version

1. Highlight the line containing Version and press Edit. Use the

alphanumeric keypad to enter the name indicated in the process specification.

2. Press OK to confirm.

Standard programs

Enter the measurement process

For detailed information on entering the measurement process, refer to section 6.1.2, page 82.

Check the process specification in advance to determine whether this point needs to be changed.

1. Highlight the Measurement process line in the data overview and press Edit.

2. Press Edit, select the sequence to be edited and press Delete.

3. Press New and use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the

process indicated in the process specification.

Enter the Formula, Concentration Units, Designation, Measuring Ranges

For detailed information on entering the Formula, refer to

section 6.1.2, page 82.

Check the process specification in advance to determine whether this information needs to be changed.

1. Highlight the Formula line in the data overview and press Edit.

2. Select the formula; press Edit, and enter the data (refer to

process specification) (for C1=, C2=, units, name, measurement range limits, etc.). Press OK to confirm the entry.

Enter the Variables (Factors, Wavelength and Coversion Factors)

For detailed information on entering the Variables, refer to

section 6.1.2, page 82.

Check the process specification in advance to determine whether this point needs to be changed.

1. Highlight the Variables line in the data overview and press Edit.

2. Select the variable, tap on Edit, and enter the data (refer to

process specification) with the alphanumeric keypad (for F1, F2, λ 1, U1 etc.). Confirm each entry with OK.

Abbreviation of Variables:

F1: Factor 1 F2: Factor 2 λ1: Wavelength 1 U1: Conversion factor 1 for the first chemical form U2: Conversion factor 2 for additional chemical forms, etc.

Standard programs

Timer 1, Timer 2, Timer 3 and Timer 4:

3. When finished programming, press Store and then Cancel

4. Press Start to begin the test with the new data.

5.5.5.3 Manual check/revision of test data

If an incorrect entry was made during the data update and is not recognized via the barcode of the cuvette/sample cell (e. g. an incorrect measuring range), another option is available for checking and if necessary revising, the test data.

to return to the "User Programs" menu.

5.5.5.4 Update via the Internet

1. Insert the light shield in cell compartment #2.

The instrument needs to be at the "Main Menu". Alternatively, select Barcode Programs in the Main Menu.

2. Insert the zero cell or sample cell (corresponding to the process specification) into cell compartment (1).

3. Press Options>More>Edit.

A data overview is displayed, with the specifications of the test that is to be revised.

4. Compare the displayed data with the data in the process specification and edit the displayed data in accordance with the process specification.

Update via USB memory stick

To obtain the software for the update from the Internet at

www.hach-lange.com:

1. Go to http://www.hach-lange.com.

2. Select the country and go to Download>Software.

3. Enter DR 3900 in "Search for documents".

4. Navigate to the corresponding file for download.

5. Open the ZIP file and save the files to the USB storage

device or PC. The files must be unpacked before they are saved on the USB storage device or PC.

6. Press Instrument Update in the "System Check" menu.

Standard programs

7. Connect the USB memory stick to the USB port (type A) on

the instrument, refer to section 3.5, page 18.

8. Press OK. The link is established automatically and the software is updated.

9. Press OK to return to the "System Check" menu.

Update via the web function

1. Connect the instrument to the network via an Ethernet cable.

2. Activate the Internet connection by selecting Instrument Setup>PC & Printer (section 5.2.7.4, page 39).

3. Press Web Function on the toolbar.

4. Press Instrument Update.

The update will start automatically.

Note: When the instrument software has been updated, a prompt to restart the instrument is displayed.

5.5.5.5 Program a new test

1. The instrument needs to be at the "Main Menu" or press Barcode Programs in the Main Menu.

2. Insert the zero cell or sample cell (corresponding to the

process specification) into the cell compartment.

The message "Program not available" is shown, followed by a data overview with the specifications of the test that is to be revised.

The process specification of the corresponding test contains the new data (Wavelength, Factors, Reading Ranges, Conversion Factor for chemical form etc.).

3. Highlight the corresponding line including the specifications of the test that is to be programmed and press Edit.

4. To finish programming, press Store and then Cancel to return to the Main Menu.

5. Press Start to begin the test with the new data.

Standard programs

Section 6 Expanded programs

6.1 User programs

User programs provide the opportunity to complete "made to measure" analysis.

The "User Programs" database is empty when the instrument leaves the factory and is used to accommodate programs created by users for specific needs. User programs with 13 mm round cells can only be performed with the empty cells LCW906. Here are a few examples of entries:

• Programming of user-created procedures. The analysis procedure must be developed first, before it can be programmed. The user must define or determine the program sequences, absorbance formulas, reading wavelengths, factors, measuring range limits, etc.

• Modified tests

• Assignment of user programs to the "Favorites" menu for

frequently used tests.

• Creation of a specific selection of methods and tests.

1. Select User Programs in the "Main Menu"

2. Select Program Options.

The Program Options menu contains several input and editing options (Tabl e 7):

Table 7 Program options for user programs

Options Description

Select New to program a new user program.

New

Add to favorites Select Add to favorites to add an existing user program to the Favorites list.

Edit Select Edit to modify an existing program

Delete

Note: The first time Program Options is selected, only the New option is available. The other options remain inactive (grey) until the first program has been created.

Select Delete to remove a program from the list of user programs. The program will be simultaneously deleted from the Favorites list.

6.1.1 Program a user method

All input steps and their significance and options are explained in the following sections.

1. Select New in the "Program Options" menu.

Expanded programs

Program Number:

The program number is a specific test number, with which the program can subsequently be called up from the selection list in the User Programs menu or the Favorites menu.

2. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter a program number between 9000 and 9099. The lowest available number appears automatically.

3. Press OK.

Note: If a program number is already allocated to another user program, a query appears asking whether the present program is to be replaced. If OK is pressed, the existing program is overwritten.

Program name:

4. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter a program name. The

name can be a maximum of 28 characters long.

5. Press Back to go back to the previous program point or press Next to continue with the input of the program data.

Program type:

6. Select the required program type (Table 8) and press Next.

7. If the options Single Wavelength (section 6.1.1.1, page 75)

or Multi-Wavelength (section 6.1.1.2, page 76) are selected, define the programming parameters:

• Unit

• Wavelength

• Calculation formula

• Wavelength λx

• Concentration factor Kx

• Concentration solution

• Chemical form

• Calibration equation

For more information on free programming parameters refer to

section 6.1.2, page 82.

Table 8 Program descriptions

Program type Description

Single Wavelength Readings at a defined wavelength

Multi Wavelength

Free programming

In the Multi Wavelength mode, absorbance values can be measured at up to four wavelengths and the results can be mathematically processed to obtain sums, differences and relationships.

A high degree of flexibility results in individual options to create a user program. The free programming is an expanded form of test or method programming.

6.1.1.1 Single wavelength settings

The following parameters can be defined when selecting the single wavelength mode:

Units:

1. Select the required unit from the list

2. Press Continue.

Note: Units of measure not included in this list can be added in the edit program under Program Options, Edit. Select Units, Edit and then New.

Expanded programs

Wavelength (single wavelength program type):

1. Enter measured wavelength.

The entered wavelength must be in the range from 320–1100 nm.

2. Press Continue.

Concentration resolution (number of decimal places)

1. Select the required number of decimal places to be

displayed after the decimal point from the displayed list.

2. Press Continue.

Expanded programs

6.1.1.2 Multi wavelength settings

Chemical form:

1. Enter the chemical formula used in the display to represent

the analysis parameter.

2. Press Continue.

When selecting the Multi-Wavelength mode, the following parameters can be defined:

Units:

1. Select the required unit from the list

2. Press Continue.

Note: User-specific units not included in this list can be added in the edit program under Program Options, Edit. Select Units, Edit and then New.

Absorbance formula (Multi Wavelength program type):

Define the wavelengths and the coefficients used in the formula. The absorbance formula defines the calculation for the multi wavelength reading.

1. Press Formula.

2. Select the formula relevant to the programming from the

displayed list.

3. Press OK to confirm the selection.

List of the available absorbance formulae

is the absorbance at wavelength 1,

is the absorbance at wavelength 2 and so on

is the factor at wavelength 1,

is the factor at wavelength 2 and so on

If a subtraction has to be performed, the factors can be entered with a minus sign.

Wavelength λx:

Expanded programs

1. Press the λ

buttons.

The number of wavelengths results from the calculation formula.

2. Enter the required wavelengths.

3. If necessary, repeat until all values for the formula have been

entered.

The entered wavelengths must be in the range from 320-1100 mm.

4. Press OK to confirm.

Concentration factor K

The concentration factor Kx is a multiplication factor to convert absorbance values into concentration values.

1. Press the K

buttons.

The number of the concentration factors results from the calculation formula.

2. Enter the required factor.

3. If necessary, repeat until all the values for the formula have

been entered.

4. Press OK to confirm.

5. Press Continue.

Note: Up to 5 digit place values can be entered. A maximum of 4 decimal places are possible.

Concentration resolution (number of decimal places)

1. Select the required number of decimal places to be

displayed after the decimal point from the list.

2. Press Continue.

Chemical form:

1. Enter the chemical formula used in the display to represent

the analysis parameter.

2. Press Continue.

Expanded programs

6.1.1.3 Calibration settings for single and Multi Wavelength mode

A method is calibrated by determining the absorbance values of several standard solutions of known concentration.

Create and save a calibration curve by entering values or

measuring standards or entering formulas (Table 9).

Table 9 Calibration settings

Option Description

Create a calibration table by entering the concentration values and the corresponding

Enter values

Measure standards

Enter formula

absorbance values of the standard solutions be measured. The absorbance values are applied in a diagram against the concentrations of the standard solutions. The calibration curve is graphically presented (page 78).

Create a calibration table by entering the concentration values of the standard solutions to be measured and then determining the corresponding absorbance values by measuring the standard solutions. The absorbance values are applied in a diagram against the concentrations of the standard solutions. The calibration curve is graphically presented (page 79).

If it is possible to determine the calibration curve from the mathematical relationship between concentration and absorbance through linear regression or another curve adaptation, the respective formula (linear, polynomial 2nd or 3rd order can be selected from a list and the corresponding factors can be entered (page 80).

Calibration by "Enter values"

1. Select Enter values.

2. Press Continue.

3. Press +.

4. Enter the standard concentration.

5. Press OK to confirm.

6. Enter the corresponding absorbance value.

7. Press OK to confirm.

8. If necessary, repeat until all values have been entered.

Note: To change a value in the table, mark the corresponding row. Press the key of the unit (e. g. mg/L) or Ext. Enter the changed value.

Expanded programs

9. Press Graph.

The entered data is shown as a calibration curve.

Note: The correlation coefficient (r2) is shown on the left below th e axes.

The linear equation corresponds to the standard setting.

10. Press Next graph.

The presentation changes to polynomial curve of the second order.

11. Press Next graph.

The presentation changes to polynomial curve of the third order.

12. Press Force 0 to change the setting from Off to On. The curve then passes through the origin of the coordinate system.

Note: This may have an adverse effect on the correlation coefficient (r

13. Press Ta b le to return to the values table.

14. When the table has been completed and the curve type has been chosen, press Done when the graph is displayed or Exit when the table is displayed. Go to section 6.1.1.4,

page 81.

Calibration using "Measure standards"

1. Press Measure standards.

2. Press Continue.

3. Press +.

4. Enter the standard concentration.

5. Press OK to confirm.

6. If necessary, repeat until all values have been entered. A

maximum of 24 values can be entered.

Note: To change a value in the table, mark the corresponding row. Press the key of the unit (e. g. mg/L). Enter the changed value.

7. Insert the zero solution into the cell compartment.

8. Press Zero.

9. Mark the row with the first standard concentration and insert

the respective cell.

10. Press Read.

11. If necessary, repeat until all standard solutions are

measured.

Expanded programs

The entered and measured data is shown in the table.

Note: To delete a standard concentration, highlight the appropriate line and press the Delete icon.

The timer icon shown in the display helps to make sure, when necessary, that the steps of an analysis are correctly timed (e. g. reaction times, wait time, etc., can be exactly specified). When the specified time has elapsed, an acoustic signal is emitted. The use of the timer has no influence on the reading program.

12. Press Graph.

The entered and measured data is shown as a calibration curve.

Note: The correlation coefficient (r2) is shown on the left below the axes.

The linear equation corresponds to the standard setting.

13. Press Next graph.

The presentation changes to polynomial curve of the second order.

14. Press Next graph.

The presentation changes to polynomial curve of the third order.

15. Press Force 0 to change the setting from Off to On. The curve then passes through the origin of the coordinate system.

Note: This may have an adverse effect on the correlation coefficient (r2).

16. Press Tabl e to return to the values table.

17. When the table has been completed and the curve type has been chosen, press Done when the graph is displayed or Exit when the table is displayed. Go to section 6.1.1.4,

page 81.

Calibration using "Enter formula"

1. Press Enter formula.

2. Press Continue.

6.1.1.4 Store a user program

Expanded programs

3. Press the Formula key.

A list of available formulas (linear and 2nd and 3rd order polynomial order) is displayed. Up to 4 coefficients can be entered, depending on the selected formula.

4. Press the required formula.

According to the selected formula, the required factors (a, b, c...) are shown.

5. Press the factors keys and enter the corresponding values.

6. Press OK to confirm each factor entry.

Note: The coefficients can have 5 digits and can have a positive or a negative sign.

7. Press OK to confirm.

The input of the basic data is complete. An overview of the variable program data is displayed.

1. To enter more specifications or change existing ones, highlight the appropriate line and press Edit.

2. Select Store to save the user program.

6.1.1.5 Additional user-defined parameters and functions

In addition to the previously defined basic data, additional parameters and functions can be defined for user programs:

• measuring range upper and lower limits

• timer functions

• chemical forms

Upper and lower limits of the measuring range

It is possible to enter a maximum (upper) and minimum (lower) reading value. An error message is displayed if a reading is above the upper limit or below the lower limit.

1. Mark the Upper limit or Lower limit row.

2. Press Edit.

3. Select On.

4. Press 0.000 and enter the measuring range limit.

5. Press OK to confirm.

Expanded programs

Timer 1 / Timer 2 / Timer 3 / Timer 4:

Up to four time intervals can be defined as timers with this function. Descriptions of the individual work steps, such as shaking, waiting, and stirring can be allocated to the timers.

1. Mark the Timer x row.

2. Press Edit.

Activate or deactivate the timers using the check box in the lower area of the display.

3. Activate a timer.

4. Press Timer.

5. Select the designation from the displayed list that describes the respective process and confirm with OK.

6. Press 00:00.

7. Enter the required time interval (in mm:ss) and confirm with OK.

Chemical form 2 / chemical form 3 / chemical form 4:

If a chemical form 1 was defined, up to three additional alternative forms can be entered.

1. Mark the Chemical form x row.

2. Press Edit.

3. Press the left key to enter an additional chemical form.

4. Press OK to confirm.

5. Press the right key to enter the conversion factor for this

6. Press OK to confirm.

7. Press Store to save the program data. Press Cancel to

6.1.2 "Free programming" program type

Free programming is an advanced option for entering original

user-developed methods. The data overview contains the specifications of the programmed tests. Each entry option can be activated by pressing the respective row and can be changed using Edit (refer to Table 10).

Activate or deactivate the chemical form using the check box in the left area of the display.

additional chemical form.

return to the Main Menu.

1. Select New in the "Program Options" menu.

Expanded programs

Program Number:

The program number is a specific test number, with which the program can subsequently be called up from the selection list in the User Programs menu or the Favorites menu.

2. Enter a program number between 9000 and 9099. The lowest available number appears automatically.

3. Press OK.

Note: If a program number is already allocated to another user program, a query appears asking whether the present program is to be replaced. If OK is pressed, the existing program is overwritten.

Program name:

4. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter a program name. The

name can be a maximum of 28 characters long.

5. Press Back to go back to the previous program point or press Next to continue with the input of the program data.

Program type:

6. Select Free programming and then press Continue.

7. Highlight the line containing the program point that is to be edited or defined and press Edit.

Expanded programs

Table 10 Definitions of the program points

Program point Description

Name Name of the analysis parameter

Version An abbreviation or version number assigned by the user is entered here.

Exact definition of the test: the number of wavelengths at which readings are carried out, the

Measurement process

Formula Definition of the formulas with which the test result is calculated.

Variables

Timer 1, Timer 2, Timer 3, Timer 4

6.1.2.1 Measurement process

number of absorbance readings needed, the keys to be used, any waiting periods between readings, etc.

The number of variables shown in the display depends on the definition of the measurement process and the formulas. Input of the numerical values of the wavelengths, factors, constants, etc.

This function can be used to enter abbreviations and defined times for up to four timers. Highlight the corresponding line and press Edit. The timers are activated or deactivated with the control boxes on the left of the display. In the next column, a selection can be made from a list of names that describe the corresponding work step. In the third column, the times for each active timer are entered.

The measurement process defines the handling and the readings of the test:

• At which and how many wavelengths should readings be completed

• How many absorbance readings must be completed?

• When should the zero reading and the sample reading be

completed?

• Are waiting times necessary between readings?

• Should individual program sequences be repeated?

The elements of a measuring sequence, such as zero and sample readings and the timer(s) (reaction times, waiting times, etc.) are individually defined.

6.1.2.2 Enter a new element of a measuring sequence

Note: Each component of the measurement process must be entered in the order in which it will be completed.

1. Mark the Measurement process row in the data overview.

2. Press Edit.

3. Press Edit.

4. Press New.

Expanded programs

Content and definition of the keys

[Z] key / Zeroing

1. Press [Z] to program a zero reading.

2. Press OK to confirm.

3. Press New.

4. Press Zeroing and enter the wavelength for which the zero

reading is to be performed.

5. Press OK and confirm the entry.

6. Press OK.

7. If zero readings are to be carried out at a number of

wavelengths, repeat the steps starting with 1 for each wavelength.

Note: The entered reading sequence is displayed.

Process Timer key

1. Press New.

2. Press Process timer to enter wait, reaction or handling

times.

3. Press OK and confirm the entry.

4. Press OK.

Note: This time is integrated into the measurement process. Note: The entered reading sequence is displayed.

[R] key / Reading...

1. Press New.

2. Press [R] to program a reading of the substance that is to

be analyzed.

3. Press OK to confirm.

4. Press New.

5. Press Read...and enter the wavelength for which the

measurement is to take place.

6. Press OK and confirm the entry.

7. Press OK.

8. If readings are to be completed at a number of wavelengths,

repeat the steps starting with 1 for each wavelength.

Note: The entered reading sequence is displayed.

Expanded programs

Key { }

Elements of the reading sequence that are to be repeated are placed in brackets.

The left bracket { marks the start of the sequence to be repeated and the right bracket } marks the end.

Note: The showing the right bracket remains inactive until a left bracket is entered.

1. To start the repetition sequence, press New.

2. Press {.

3. Press the key that defines the sequence that is to be repeated: [Z] or [R].

4. Press OK.

5. Press New.

6. Press Zeroing or Read..., and enter the wavelength for

which the measurement is to occur.

7. Press OK and confirm the entry.

8. Press OK.

Define additional steps that are to be included in the repetition sequence.

9. At the end of the repetition sequence, press New.

Define the last step that is to be included in the repetition sequence. Do not press OK.

10. Press }.

11. Press OK.

Note: If an action such as a zero reading recurs at different stages of a reading sequence, the series of actions is numbered sequentially (e. g. Z1, Z2, etc.).

Delete an element of a measuring sequence

1. Mark the respective row.

2. Press Delete.

The element is deleted.

Insertion of an element of a measuring sequence

1. Mark the row below the reading sequence to be inserted.

2. Press New.

A new element can be entered at the selected position.

3. When the input is complete, press OK in the "Measurement Process" display.

The measurement process is displayed in the overview.

4. Press OK.

6.1.2.3 Enter the calibration formula (evaluation formula)

The calibration formula (evaluation formula) defines the calculation and display of intermediate and final results. The previously defined elements of the measuring sequence are the basis for calculating the concentrations.

Enter calibration formula C1

1. Mark the Formula row in the data overview.

2. Press Edit.

3. Mark the C1 row: Off.

4. Press Edit.

Expanded programs

5. Mark C1: Out.

6. Press Edit.

The display changes to C1: On.

7. Mark the next row C1=, to define the formula.

8. Press Edit..

Refer to Tab l e 11 for detailed information on the Edit formula keys.

Note: The evaluation formula is built up successively in the display in accordance with the input.

Note: The arrow key deletes the most recently entered element of the formula.

Expanded programs

Screen Key Description

Table 11 Description of the keys for the editing of formulae

Press the Abs/Variables key to select, from the displayed list, the required element of the defined

Abs/Variables

New Number Press New Number to enter a new factor or constant.

measuring sequence and therefore the corresponding reading wavelength, so that this can be taken into account in the formula.

+ –

÷ ×

Press + – Select the operation and press OK to confirm. The available choice of mathematical operations

depends on the defined formula. This means that functions such as "( )" or "ln"/"log" etc.

are only active if a term in parentheses or the calculation of a logarithm is mathematically permissible in the defined formula (this also applies to the basic mathematical operations).

The following mathematical operations are available:

÷ × to enter a mathematical operation.

• + (Addition)

• - (Subtraction)

• ÷ (Division)

• × (Multiplication)

• ^ (Exponent)

• Ln (Natural logarithm)

• Log (Common logarithm)

Expanded programs

Table 11 Description of the keys for the editing of formulae(Continued)

Screen Key Description

Press >=< to include logic statements/links/conditions in the formula. The following functions are available:

= (Equal to), < (Less than), > (Greater than), <= (Less than or equal to), >= (Greater than or equal to), IF, THEN, ELSE

>=<

Entering the next calibration formula (C2 or Cn)

1. Mark C2: Out.

2. Press Edit.

When the evaluation formula C1 has been entered completely, press OK to confirm. Press OK again to return to the Formula display.

When the formula C1 has been entered and confirmed, the parameter name, upper and lower limits of the measuring range and display result (yes, no) can be entered.

3. Mark C2: Out.

4. Press Edit.

The display switches to C2: On.

5. Mark the next row C2= to define the formula.

6. Press Edit.

In addition to the keys described in Table 11, only one other function is available:

Select Conc. key

1. If an already defined formula, in this case C1, is to be taken into account in the formula for C2, press Select conc.

2. Enter the numbering of the equation (e. g. 1 for C1).

3. Press OK to confirm the entry.

Cn can now be linked with a mathematical operation.

Note: The Cn concentrations that are to be calculated are numbered in sequence: C1, C2, C3, etc.

Note: When the first Cn formula has been defined, the Formula list is automatically extended by Cn+1.

Expanded programs

6.1.2.4 Enter variables

1. Mark the Variables row in the data overview.

2. Press Edit.

3. Select the variable to be edited.

4. Press Edit and enter the data (refer to process specification)

(for F1, F2, λ1, U1 etc.)

5. Press OK to confirm each entry.

Abbreviation of Variables:

F1: Factor 1

F2: Factor 2

λ 1: Wavelength 1

U1: Conversion Factor 1 for the first chemical form

U2: Conversion Factor 2 for an additional chemical form etc.

6.1.2.5 Save a free programming user program

1. Press Store to save the entered data.

The data can be stored under any data point (measurement sequence, formula, timer, etc.).

6.1.3 Select a user program

1. Press User Programs in the Main Menu.

An alphabetical list of user programs with program numbers is displayed.

Note: Use the scroll bar to scroll through the list quickly. Note: Highlight the selection by pressing it or Select by Number to

search for the program by number.

2. Press Start to run the program.

6.1.4 Add, edit and delete user programs from the favorites list

The most frequently used tests/methods in the "User Programs" menu can also be added to the list of favorites to simplify their selection.

Expanded programs

1. Press User Programs in the Main Menu.

The User Programs list will appear.

2. Highlight the selection by pressing it or Select by Number to search for the program by number.

3. Press Program Options.

Using Add to favorites, add the selected program to the favorite list.

Use Edit to edit the selected program.

Use Delete to delete the selected program.

Note: If the stored program is deleted in User Programs, it will also be deleted in Favorites Programs.

6.1.4.1 Add to Favorites

6.1.4.2 Edit

1. Press Add to Favorites.

2. Press OK to confirm.

The program is added to the Favorites.

1. Press Edit.

2. Press OK to confirm.

A data overview that contains the specifications of the programmed test is shown. More information about the input options is provided in the section 6.1.2, page 82.

Expanded programs

6.1.4.3 Delete program

6.2 Favorites

1. Press Delete.

2. Press OK to confirm.

The program will be deleted from the list of user programs.

Note: If the stored program is deleted in User Programs, it will also be deleted in Favorites Programs.

The most frequently used tests/methods in the Stored Programs menu and the User Programs menu can also be added to the list of favorites to simplify their selection.

To add Stored Programs and/or User Programs to the favorites list or the favorite programs, refer to section 6.1.4, page 90.

6.2.1 Recall a favorite program

6.2.2 Delete a favorite program

1. Press Favorite Programs in the Main Menu.

The "Favorite Programs" list will appear.

2. Highlight the selection by pressing it.

Note: Use the scroll bar to scroll through the list quickly. Note: Press Select by Number to search for the program by

number. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the test number (program number) and confirm the input by pressing OK.

3. Press Start.

1. Press Favorite Programs in the Main Menu.

The "Favorite Programs" list will appear.

2. Highlight the selection by pressing it.

Note: Use the scroll bar to scroll through the list quickly.

Note: Press Select by Number to search for the program by number. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the test number (program number) and confirm the input by pressing OK.

3. Press Remove program.

4. Press OK to confirm.

Note: If a Favorite Program is deleted, it will stay in the User Programs or Stored Programs.

Note: If the stored program is deleted in User Programs, it will also be deleted in Favorites Programs.

6.3 Standard Addition - monitoring/checking results

The accuracy of readings (their correspondence with the actual concentration of the analyte in the sample) and their precision (correspondence of the reading results obtained from several samples containing the same concentration of the test analyte) can be determined or improved using the standard addition method

This method (also known as standard-addition or spiking) serves to detect sample-specific faults:

• The analysis was compromised by substances or interferences in the sample (sample matrix effect),

• defective measuring device,

• impure reagents.

Expanded programs

Method:

Add a defined quantity (concentration) of the substance to be tested to the sample as a standard solution. The detection rate (concentration of the added standard solution) should be close to 100 %.

Reading of successful standard addition

Detection rate =

Detection rate Conclusion

100 %

≠ 100 %

Expanded value after successful standard

addition

Probability that the reading results are correct is high.

Assumption: The analysis was compromised by substances or interferences in the sample (sample matrix effect)

Test to determine whether a sample matrix effect is present:

Use distilled water instead of the sample. Add standard solution as described in the procedure.

Detection rate Conclusion

Ions in the sample are

100 %

≠ 100 % No interference ions.

interfering with the analysis, causing false results to be obtained.

Expanded programs

Measures to identify other interference factors:

Checklist:

1. Check if the procedure is completed correctly:

a. Are the reagents added in the correct order?

b. Is enough time allowed for colour development?

c. Is the correct glassware in use?

d. Is the glassware clean?

e. Does the test require the sample to be at a certain

temperature?

f. Was the pH of the sample in the correct range?

g. Is the pipette volume correct?

2. Check the reagents. Repeat the standard additions using

fresh reagents.

Detection rate Conclusion

The originally used reagents were defective.

Check the standard solution:

100 %

Repeat the standard addition procedure with a freshly prepared standard solution and distilled water!

Detection rate Conclusion

6.3.1 Complete a standard addition

The originally used

100 %

standard solution was deficient.

If none of these measures resolves the problem, please contact the manufacturer.

Carry out the standard addition in accordance with the corresponding procedure.

There are two different methods:

Max. Volume (standard addition)

A defined volume of a standard solution of known concentration is incrementally added to a previously tested sample and the sample is newly measured after every standard addition.

Sample volume:

A defined volume of a standard solution of known concentration is added to the volume of sample specified in the procedure and the sample is measured after each addition. In most cases three different standard solutions are prepared and the procedure is repeated for each of them.

Note: The units and chemical forms used for the sample are used for the standard solutions. Be careful to make sure that to use the correct units for subsequent entries.

Expanded programs

Maximum Method Volume/Sample volume

1. Press Stored Programs in the Main Menu.

2. Select the required program.

3. Press Start.

4. Analyze a sample without added standard solution in

accordance with the instructions in the Procedures Manual. When the reading is complete, leave the sample cuvette/cell in the cuvette/sample cell compartment.

5. Press Options>More>Standard Addition.

An overview of the data of the standard addition procedure is displayed.

6. Press OK to accept the standard values for standard concentration, sample volume (total) and standard addition volume.

7. Press Edit, to change these values.

8. Press the key of the value to change it. Use the

alphanumeric keypad to change the value.

9. Press OK to confirm.

Expanded programs

10. Press the keys to change the standard addition volumes.

Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the new data.

11. Press OK to confirm.

Description of the table of readings

• The first column shows the standard addition volume. 0 ml

stands for a sample containing no added standard.

• The second column shows the reading of the samples with and without added standard.

• The third column shows the detection rate of the added standard.

Note: The black highlighted line is active.

The reading of the sample in the instrument, without added standard, is automatically shown under 0 mL.

12. Prepare the standard addition solution as described in the procedure.

13. Press the standard addition volume in the table.

14. Insert the cell with the respective addition volume into the

cell compartment.

15. Press Read.

Repeat the procedure with all the other standard addition solutions.

16. After all the standard addition solutions have been measured, press Graph.

The regression line through the standard addition data points is displayed.

The correlation coefficient r

indicates how close the data

points are to the line.

If the correlation coefficient = 1, the curve is linear.

The concentration shown above the curve is the estimated concentration of the sample without the added standard.

Note: In the Graph menu, the name on the Graph key switches to Ta ble. Press Table to display all the data in the table again.

17. Press Ideal Line to display the relationship between the additions and the ideal line (detection rate 100 %).

Expanded programs

6.4 Single Wavelength (absorbance, concentration and transmittance readings)

The Single Wavelength mode can be used in three ways. For sample readings at a single wavelength, the instrument can be programmed to measure the absorbance, % transmittance or concentration of the analyte.

• Absorbance readings: The light absorbed by the sample is measured in absorbance units.

• % Transmittance measures the percent of the original light that passes through the sample and reaches the detector.

• Turning on the concentration factor allows selection of a specific multiplier for converting absorbance readings to concentration. In a graph of concentration versus the absorbance, the concentration factor is the slope of the line.

6.4.1 Set up Single Wavelength mode

1. Press Single Wavelength in the Main Menu.

2. Press Options for Parameter Setup.

Table 12 Options for Single Wavelength

Options Description

More For further Options

Recall measurement data symbol

%Trans/Ext (% Trans/Abs)

λWavelength

Timer icon

Concentration Factor Multiplication factor for converting absorbance values into concentration values.

Concentration Resolution

Recall saved measurement data, wavelength scans or time courses, refer to section 5.3,

page 43.

To switch to % transmittance, concentration or absorbance readings

To input the wavelength setting. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the reading wavelengths. The entered wavelength must be in the range from 320-110 nm.

To select the number of decimal places.

Expanded programs

Table 12 Options for Single Wavelength(Continued)

Options Description

Save as User Program To store the selected parameters as a User Program, refer to section 6.1, page 73.

Recall measurement data

Instrument Setup mode Basic data of the instrument, refer to section 5.2, page 27.

Recall saved measurement data, wavelength scans or time courses, refer to section 5.3,

page 43.

Concentration Factor:

1. Press Concentration Factor: Off in the "Options" menu.

2. Press On to highlight this feature.

3. Press Factor and enter the factor.

4. Press Unit and select the corresponding units for

concentration from the displayed list.

5. Press OK to confirm.

Concentration Resolution:

1. Press Concentration Resolution in the "Options" menu.

2. Select the resolution.

3. Press OK to confirm.

4. Next press Return to return to the results screen.

Expanded programs

6.4.2 Take single wavelength readings (single reading)

1. Insert the zero solution cell into the cell compartment.

2. Press Zero.

Note: The Read key is only active after the zero reading has been completed.

3. Insert the analysis cell into the cell compartment.

4. Press Read.

5. For data storage, refer to section 5.3.1, page 43.

6.5 Multi Wavelength mode – readings with more than one wavelength

In the Multi Wavelength mode, absorbance values can be measured at up to four wavelengths and the results can be mathematically processed to obtain sums, differences and relationships.

• Absorbance readings: The light absorbed by the sample is measured in absorbance units.

• % Transmittance measures the percent of the original light that passes through the sample and reaches the detector.

6.5.1 Set the Reading mode at different wavelengths

Press Multi Wavelength in the Main Menu. Press Options for Parameter Setup.

Expanded programs

Table 13 Multi wavelength setup options

Options Description

More For further Options

Recall measurement data symbol

%Trans/Ext (% Trans/Abs)

λWavelength

Timer icon

Concentration Factor Multiplication factor for converting absorbance values into concentration values.

Concentration Resolution

Absorbance Formula Calculation basis for evaluating samples

Save as User Program To store the selected parameters as a User Program, refer to section 6.1, page 73.

Recall measurement data

Instrument Setup mode Basic data of the instrument, refer to section 5.2, page 27.

Recall saved measurement data, wavelength scans or time courses, refer to section 5.3,

page 43.

To switch to % transmittance, concentration or absorbance readings

To input the wavelength setting. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the reading wavelengths. The entered wavelength must be in the range from 320–1100 nm.

To select the number of decimal places.

Recall saved measurement data, wavelength scans or time courses, see section 5.3, page 43.

λ/ Absorbance Formula:

100

1. Press Absorbance Formula.

2. The formula selected in the top key determines the number

of wavelength and coefficient keys that will appear below.

3. Press the key to change the calculation formula.

4. Select a formula from the displayed list.

5. Press OK.

When a new formula is selected, the number of variables below changes to match.

The following formulas are available:

A 1 + K 2 A

Hach-Lange DR 3900 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual