Great Planes GPMA1479 User Manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Wingspan: 39.5 in [1005 mm] Length: 34 in [865 mm] Wing Area: 290 sq in [18.7 dm2] Weight: 41-45 oz [1160-1275 g] Wing Loading: 20.4-22.3 oz/sq ft [62-68 g /dm2] Engine: .25 cu in [4cc] 2stroke, .30 cu in [5cc] 4-stroke Motor: 35-36-1200KV brushless out-runner motor with Silver Series 45A ESC. Radio: 4-5 channel transmitter, 4-5 micro servos
WARRANTY
Great Planes® Model Manufacturing Co. guarantees this kit to
be free from defects in both material and workmanship at the date of purchase. This warranty does not cover any component parts damaged by use or modification. In no case shall Great Planes’ liability exceed the original cost of the purchased kit. Further, Great Planes reserves the right to change or modify this warranty without notice.
In that Great Planes has no control over the final assembly or material used for final assembly, no liability shall be assumed nor accepted for any damage resulting from the use by the user of the final user-assembled product. By the act of using the user­assembled product, the user accepts all resulting liability.
If the buyer is not prepared to accept the liability associated with the use of this product, the buyer is advised to return
READ THROUGH THIS MANUAL BEFORE STARTING CONSTRUCTION. IT CONTAINS IMPORTANT
INSTRUCTIONS AND WARNINGS CONCERNING THE ASSEMBLY AND USE OF THIS MODEL.
Entire Contents © Copyright 2008
this kit immediately in new and unused condition to the place of purchase.
To make a warranty claim send the defective part or item to Hobby Services at the address below:
Hobby Services
3002 N. Apollo Dr., Suite 1
Champaign, IL 61822 USA
Include a letter stating your name, return shipping address, as much contact information as possible (daytime telephone number, fax number, e-mail address), a detailed description of the problem and a photocopy of the purchase receipt. Upon receipt of the package, the problem will be evaluated as quickly as possible.
Champaign, Illinois
(217) 398-8970, Ext 5
airsupport@greatplanes.com
GPMA1479 Mnl

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION ................................2
AMA ..........................................2

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .........................2

DECISIONS YOU MUST MAKE ....................3
Radio Equipment .............................3
Power System Recommendations................3
Batteries and Charger .........................4
ADDITIONAL ITEMS REQUIRED...................4
Required Hardware and Accessories .............4
Adhesives and Building Supplies.................4
Optional Supplies and Tools ....................4
IMPORTANT BUILDING NOTES ...................5
KIT INSPECTION ...............................5
ORDERING REPLACEMENT PARTS ...............5
KIT CONTENTS.................................6
COMMON ABBREVIATIONS ......................6
PREPARATIONS ................................7
BUILD THE WING ...............................7
Install the Aileron Servos and Pushrods ...........7
Join the Wing ................................8
BUILD THE FUSELAGE ..........................9
Install the Horizontal Stabilizer and Vertical Fin .....9
Install the Elevator and Rudder Pushrods & Servos . 11
Glow Engine and Fuel Tank Installation...........12
Out-runner Motor and Battery Installation .........14
FINISH THE MODEL ............................18
Install the Cowl..............................18
Install the Radio Gear ........................18
Optional Landing Gear........................19
Installing the Belly Pan and Cannons ............20
Apply the Decals ............................21
GET THE MODEL READY TO FLY ................21
Check the Control Directions...................21
Set the Control Throws .......................22
Balance the Model (C.G.) .....................22
Balance the Model Laterally ...................23
PREFLIGHT...................................23
Identify Your Model ..........................23
Charge the Batteries .........................23
Balance Propellers...........................23
Ground Check ..............................23
Range Check ...............................23
ENGINE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .................24
LITHIUM BATTERY HANDLING AND USAGE .......24
AMA SAFETY CODE ...........................24
General ...................................24
Radio Control ...............................25
CHECK LIST ..................................25
FLYING.......................................25
Fuel Mixture Adjustments .....................26
Take off ....................................26
Flight .....................................26
Landing ...................................26
Congratulations on your purchase of one of the Great Planes Combat Class #2610 Fighters! The Combat P-47 ARF is a great flying model and is suitable for both combat flying and sport flying. Accommodations have been provided for both a glow engine and a brushless out-runner motor. The optional landing gear gives the sport flyer the comfort of landing on paved runways.
For the latest technical updates or manual corrections to the Combat P-47 ARF visit the Great Planes web site at www. greatplanes.com. Open the “Airplanes” link, and then select the Combat P-47 ARF. If there is new technical information or changes to this model, a “tech notice” box will appear in the upper left corner of the page.
AMA
W e u rg e y o u t o j o i n t he A M A (A ca de my o f M od el Aer on au ti cs ) and a local R/C club. The AMA is the governing body of model aviation and membership is required to fly at AMA clubs. Though joining the AMA provides many benefits, one of the primary reasons to join is liability protection. Coverage is not limited to flying at contests or on the club field. It even applies to flying at public demonstrations and air shows. Failure to comply with the Safety Code (excerpts printed in the back of the manual) may endanger insurance coverage. Additionally, training programs and instructors are available at AMA club sites to help you get started the right way. There are over 2,500 AMA chartered clubs across the country. Contact the AMA at the address or toll-free phone number below.
Academy of Model Aeronautics
5151 East Memorial Drive Muncie, IN 47302-9252 Tele. (800) 435-9262 Fax (765) 741-0057 Or via the Internet at:
http://www.modelaircraft.org
IMPORTANT!!! Two of the most important things you can
do to preserve the radio controlled aircraft hobby are to avoid flying near full-scale aircraft and avoid flying near or over groups of people.
PROTECT YOUR MODEL, YOURSELF
& OTHERS… FOLLOW THESE
IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. Your Combat P-47 ARF should not be considered a toy, but rather a sophisticated, working model that functions very much like a full-size airplane. Because of its performance capabilities, the Combat P-47 ARF, if not assembled and
2
operated correctly, could possibly cause injury to yourself or spectators and damage to property.

DECISIONS YOU MUST MAKE

2. You must assemble the model according to the instructions. Do not alter or modify the model, as doing
so may result in an unsafe or unflyable model. In a few cases the instructions may differ slightly from the photos. In those instances the written instructions should be considered as correct.
3. You must take time to build straight, true and strong.
4. You must use an R/C radio system that is in first-class condition, and a correctly sized engine and components (fuel tank, wheels, etc.) throughout the building process.
5. You must correctly install all R/C and other components so that the model operates correctly on the ground and in the air.
6. You must check the operation of the model before every flight to insure that all equipment is operating and that the model has remained structurally sound. Be sure to check clevises or other connectors often and replace them if they show any signs of wear or fatigue.
7. If you are not an experienced pilot or have not flown this type of model before, we recommend that you get the assistance of an experienced pilot in your R/C club for your first flights. If you’re not a member of a club, your local hobby shop has information about clubs in your area whose membership includes experienced pilots.
This is a partial list of items required to finish the Combat P-47 ARF that may require planning or decision making before starting to build. Order numbers are provided in parentheses.

Radio Equipment

The Combat P-47 ARF requires a minimum 4-channel radio system with four 35 oz.-in. [2.5 kg-cm] minimum micro servos. If you are installing a glow engine, an additional micro servo is required for the throttle.
In addition, two 9" [229mm] servo extensions are required for the aileron servos. If you are using a radio system that does not support mixing functions, a Y-harness will also be required to connect the aileron servos to the receiver. If using an electric motor, a 6" extension will be needed for the ESC. Recommended part numbers are provided below:
4 or 5 Futaba S3115 Servo Micro Precision
o
(FU TM0415 )
2 Futaba 9" [229mm] Servo Extensions (FUTM3910)
o
Futaba 6" [152mm] Servo Extension J (HCAM2000)
o
Futaba 6" [152mm] Dual Servo Extension J
o
(FU TM4130 )
8. While this kit has been flight tested to exceed normal use, if the plane will be used for extremely high stress flying, such as racing, or if an engine larger than one in the recommended range is used, the modeler is responsible for taking steps to reinforce the high stress points and/or substituting hardware more suitable for the increased stress.
9. WARNING: T h e c o w l i n c l u d e d i n t h i s k i t i s m a d e o f f i b e r g l a s s , the fibers of which may cause eye, skin and respiratory tract irritation. Never blow into a part to remove fiberglass dust, as the dust will blow back into your eyes. Always wear safety goggles, a particle mask and rubber gloves when grinding, drilling and sanding fiberglass parts. Vacuum the parts and the work area thoroughly after working with fiberglass parts.
We, as the kit manufacturer, provide you with a top quality, thoroughly tested kit and instructions, but ultimately the quality and flyability of your finished model depends on how you build it; therefore, we cannot in any way guarantee the performance of your completed model, and no representations are expressed or implied as to the performance or safety of your completed model.
Remember: Take your time and follow the instructions to end up with a well-built model that is straight and true.

Power System Recommendations

The recommended engine/motor size for the Combat P-47 ARF is a .25 two-stroke engine or a RimFire™ C35-36­1200kV brushless outrunner motor. Engine and motor order numbers are provided below:
O.S.® .25 FX Non-Ringed w/Muffler (OSMG0525)
o
Great Planes RimFire .15 OutRunner Brushless
o
Motor (GPMG4620)
If using the recommended brushless motor, the Great Planes SS-45 brushless ESC is required. Bullet connector adapters are also required. The adapters can be purchased pre­assembled, or the individual components can be purchased to make your own.
Great Planes Silver Series 45A Brushless ESC
o
5V/2A BEC (GPMM1840)
Great Planes 4mm Male to 3.5mm Female Bullet
o
Connector Adapters (GPMM3123)
If you wish to make your own adapters, the following part numbers will be needed:
Great Planes Gold Plated Bullet Connectors Female
o
3.5mm (GPMM3113)
3
Great Planes Gold Plated Bullet Connectors Male
o
4mm (GPMM3114)
W.S. Deans Racing Silver Solder 1 oz. (WSDC4030)
o
Hobbico® Soldering Iron 60 Watt (HCAR0776)
o

Batteries and Charger

For a brushless motor installation, a 3200mAh 11.1V Lithium Polymer battery pack is recommended. The order number for the battery pack is provided below:
Great Planes LiPo 3200mAh 11.1V 20C Discharge w/
o
Balance (GPMP0623)
A cell balancer is required for the LiPo battery pack listed above:
Great Planes ElectriFly™ Equinox™ LiPo Cell Balancer
o
1-5 (GPMM3160)
1/2 oz. Medium Pro CA+ (GPMR6007)
o
Pro 30-minute epoxy (GPMR6047)
o
Masking tape (TOPR8018)
o
Threadlocker thread locking cement (GPMR6060)
o
Denatured alcohol (for epoxy clean up)
o
Drill bits: 1/16" [1.6mm], 5/64" [2mm], 1/8" [3.2mm],
o
5/32" [4mm]
Great Planes 10-Piece Metric Tap & Drill Set
o
(GPMR8118) (3mm tap & drill is needed)
Tap handle (GPMR8120)
o
R/C-56 canopy glue (JOZR5007)
o
Small metal file
o
#1 Hobby knife (HCAR0105)
o
#11 blades (5-pack, HCAR0211)
o
Medium T-pins (100, HCAR5150)
o
Top Flite® MonoKote sealing iron (TOPR2100)
o
Top Flite Hot Sock™ iron cover (TOPR2175)
o

Optional Supplies and Tools

A suitable charger is also required. The Great Planes PolyCharge4™ is designed for LiPo packs only and is able to charge four LiPo packs simultaneously. The Great Planes Triton2™ charger will only charge one pack at a time, but is capable of charging NiCd, NiMH, LiPo, and Pb acid batteries. Order numbers for both are provided below:
Great Planes PolyCharge4™ DC Only 4 Output LiPo
o
Charger (GPMM3015)
OR
Great Planes ElectriFly Triton2™ DC Comp Peak
o
Charger (GPMM3153)

ADDITIONAL ITEMS REQUIRED

Required Hardware and Accessories

This is the list of hardware and accessories required to finish the Combat P-47 ARF. Order numbers are provided in parentheses:
R/C foam rubber (1/4" [6mm] - HCAQ1000, or 1/2"
o
[13mm] - HCAQ1050)
3' [900mm] standard silicone fuel tubing
o
(GPMQ4131)

Adhesives and Building Supplies

This is the list of Adhesives and Building Supplies that are required to finish the Combat P-47 ARF:
1/2 oz. Thin Pro™ CA (GPMR6001)
o
1/2 oz. Thick Pro CA- (GPMR6013)
o
Here is a list of optional tools that will help you build the Combat P-47 ARF:
2 oz. spray CA activator (GPMR6035)
o
4 oz. aerosol CA activator (GPMR6034)
o
CA applicator tips (HCAR3780)
o
CA debonder (GPMR6039)
o
Pro 6-minute epoxy (GPMR6045)
o
Epoxy brushes 6, (GPMR8060)
o
Mixing sticks (GPMR8055)
o
Mixing cups (GPMR8056)
o
Pliers with wire cutter (HCAR0630)
o
Hobbico Duster™ can of compressed air (HCAR5500)
o
Switch & Charge Jack Mounting Set (GPMM1000)
o
Panel Line Pen (TOPQ2510)
o
Rotary tool such as Dremel® (DRER0550)
o
Rotary tool reinforced cut-off wheel (GPMR8020)
o
Servo horn drill (HCAR0698)
o
Hobby Heat™ micro torch (HCAR0750)
o
Dead Center™ Engine Mount Hole Locator
o
(GPMR8130)
Precision Magnetic Prop Balancer (TOPQ5700)
o
Ac cuT hrow™ Deflection Gauge (GPMR2405)
o
CG Machine™ (GPMR2400)
o
Hobbico Flexible 18" Ruler Stainless Steel
o
(HCAR0460)
Top Flite MonoKote trim seal iron (TOPR2200)
o
Top Flite MonoKote heat gun (TOPR2000)
o
Hobbico Pin Vise 1/16 Collet w/6 Bits (HCAR0696)
o
Hobbico 8-Piece Ball Tip Hex L Wrench SAE
o
(HCAR0520)
Hobbico 7-Piece Ball Tip Hex L Wrench Metric
o
(HCAR0521)
Great Planes Clevis Installation Tool (GPMR8030)
o
X-Acto® Extra Hands Double Clip (XACR4214)
o
4
Order
Number
Description
REPLACEMENT PARTS LIST
How to
purchase
Instruction manual
Missing pieces
Full-size plans
Wing Set P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Fuse Kit P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Tail Set P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Belly Pan P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Cowl P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Canopy P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Landing Gear P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Decal Set P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Spinner Nut P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Battery Hatch P-47 .25 GP/EP ARF Engine Mount
GPMA3208 GPMA3209 GPMA3210 GPMA3211 GPMA3212 GPMA3213 GPMA3214 GPMA3215 GPMA3216 GPMA3226 GPMA2827
Contact Product
Support
Not
available
Contact
your
hobby
supplier to
purchase
these items

IMPORTANT BUILDING NOTES

ORDERING REPLACEMENT PARTS

There are two types of screws used in this kit:
Self-tapping screws are designated
by a number and a length. For example, #6 x 3/4" [19mm].
Machine screws are designated by a
number, threads per inch, and a length. For example, 4-40 x 3/4" [19mm].
Socket Head Cap Screws (SHCS)
are designated by a number, threads per inch, and a length. For example, 4-40 x 3/4" [19mm]
When you see the term test fit in the instructions, it
means that you should first position the part on the assembly
without using any glue, and then slightly modify or custom fit the part as necessary for the best fit.
Whenever the term glue is written you should rely upon
your experience to decide what type of glue to use. When a specific type of adhesive works best for that step, the instructions will make a recommendation.
Whenever just epoxy is specified you may use either 30-
minute (or 45-minute) epoxy or 6-minute epoxy. When 30­minute epoxy is specified it is highly recommended that you use only 30-minute (or 45-minute) epoxy, because you will need the working time and/or the additional strength.
Photos and sketches are placed before the step they
refer to. Frequently you can study photos in following steps to get another view of the same parts.
The stabilizer and wing incidences and engine thrust
angles have been factory-built into this model. However, some technically-minded modelers may wish to check these measurements anyway. To view this information visit the web site at www.greatplanes.com and click on “Technical Data.” Due to manufacturing tolerances which will have little or no effect on the way your model will fly, please expect slight deviations between your model and the published values.
Before starting to build, take an inventory of this kit to make sure it is complete, and inspect the parts to make sure they are of acceptable quality. If any parts are missing or are not of acceptable quality, or if you need assistance with assembly, contact Product Support. When reporting defective or missing parts, use the part names exactly as they are written in the Kit Contents list.
Great Planes Product Support: 3002 N Apollo Drive, Suite 1 Champaign, IL 61822
Telephone: (217) 398-8970, ext. 5 Fax: (217) 398-7721 E-mail: airsupport@greatplanes.com

KIT INSPECTION

Replacement parts for the Great Planes Combat P-47 ARF are available using the order numbers in the Replacement Parts List that follows. The fastest, most economical service can be provided by your hobby dealer or mail-order company.
To locate a hobby dealer, visit the Hobbico web site at www. hobbico.com. Choose “Where to Buy” at the bottom of the menu on the left side of the page. Follow the instructions provided on the page to locate a U.S., Canadian or International dealer.
Parts may also be ordered directly from Hobby Services by calling (217) 398-0007, or via facsimile at (217) 398-7721, but full retail prices and shipping and handling charges will apply. Illinois and Nevada residents will also be charged sales tax. If ordering via fax, include a Visa® or MasterCard® number and expiration date for payment.
Mail parts orders and payments by personal check to:
Hobby Services 3002 N Apollo Drive, Suite 1 Champaign IL 61822
Be certain to specify the order number exactly as listed in the Replacement Parts List. Payment by credit card or personal check only; no C.O.D.
If additional assistance is required for any reason contact Product Support by e-mail at productsupport@greatplanes. com, or by telephone at (217) 398-8970.
5
5

KIT CONTENTS

1
2
4
1. Fuselage and hatch
2. Horizontal stabilizer and elevators
3. Canopy
4. Vertical stabilizer and rudder
5
6
10
Kit Contents
5. Air scoop
6. Belly pan
7. Cowl
8. Landing gear and wheels
3
7
88
11
9
9. Engine mount
10. Right wing panel and aileron
11. Left wing panel and aileron

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS

Fuse = Fuselage Stab = Horizontal Stabilizer Fin = Vertical Stabilizer LE = Leading Edge TE = Trailing Edge LG = Landing Gear
To convert inches to millimeters, multiply inches by 25.4 (25.4mm = 1")
Ply = Plywood “ = Inches in = Inches mm = Millimeters ESC = Electronic Speed Control LiPo = Lithium Polymer Battery
6

PREPARATIONS

If you have not done so already, remove the major parts
o 1. 
of the kit from the box and inspect for damage. If any parts are damaged or missing, contact Product Support at the address or telephone number listed in the “Kit Inspection” section on page 5.
Remove the tape and separate the aileron servo
o 2. 
hatches from the wing. Use a covering iron with a covering sock to tighten the covering if necessary. Apply pressure over sheeted areas to thoroughly bond the covering to the wood.
2. Place the servo onto the hatch in the location it is
o o 
going to be mounted. Mark the center of each of the servo mounting holes on the blocks. Using a 1/16" (1.6mm) drill bit, drill a pilot hole in the location of the mark. Install the rubber grommets and eyelets that were included with the servo, and mount the servo to the blocks using the servo screws included with the servo. Remove the servo screw and servo, and apply two drops of thin CA to the holes. Allow a few moments for the glue to cure. Once the glue has cured, center the servo, using the radio, and install the servo using the hardware provided with the servo. Remove the extra arms from the servo horn.

BUILD THE WING

Install the Aileron Servos
and Pushrods
1. Locate the servo hatch from the underside of the
o o 
wing that was set aside and the four 1/2" x 15/64" x 3/8" [12.7mm x 6mm x 9.5mm] blocks of wood. These will be used to hold the aileron servos to the servo hatch. The location of the servo blocks has been marked for you on the underside of the aileron servo hatch. If you are using a different servo from the recommended Futaba S3115, you will need to verify these markings are in the appropriate location for your servo. Glue the mounting blocks to the underside of the hatch using 6 minute epoxy.
3. Locate a 9" [229mm] servo extension and attach
o o 
it to the aileron servo. Secure the extension using a length of 3/8" [9.5mm] heat shrink tubing, or electrical tape. Look inside the wing and locate the string. Tie the end of the string to the end of the extension. The other end of the string is taped to the root of the wing half. Using the string, guide the servo extension through the wing and out of the wing root. Untie the string from the servo extension and feed the end of the servo extension through the hole located in the top of the wing.
4. Install the aileron servo hatch using four of the 2mm
o o 
wood screws provided. Hold a straight edge flush with the top of the servo arm and mark where the ruler intersects the aileron leading edge.
7
CONTROL HORNS
Please note that there are two different types of control horns included. The control horns with the larger holes are meant for use with the Aileron pushrod clevises. The control horns with the smaller holes are meant for use with the Elevator and Rudder z-bends.
5. Place the large hole aileron control horn on the
o o 
aileron, centering it on the mark you made in step 15. Use a T-pin to mark the center of the holes. Use a 5/64" [2mm] drill bit to drill into the aileron at the markings you just made. Remove the mark you made on the aileron using some denatured alcohol and a paper towel.
9. Place a silicone clevis keeper on the pushrod. Then
o o 
place a FasLink™ on the pushrod and remove the excess pushrod with a rotary tool or diagonal pliers. Connect the clevis to the control horn but do not snap in place. Connect the bent end to the servo. Re-center the servo and adjust the linkage by screwing the clevis either in or out until the aileron is straight. Once the aileron is straight, snap the clevis in place. Attach the FasLink™ and slide the clevis keeper over the clevis.
10. Repeat steps 1-9 for the other wing.
o 

Join the Wing

6. Install the control horns using two 2 x 15mm [5/8"]
o o 
machine screws and the control horn back plates. The ends of the screws can be cut flush with the back plates using diagonal pliers or a rotary tool.
7. Locate the 2 aileron pushrods, 2 nylon clevises, and
o o 
2 nylon FasLinks™. Screw the clevis onto the threaded end of the pushrod by rotating the clevis 18 complete revolutions. A Great Planes 4-in-1 Installation Tool (GPMR8035) makes this task much easier.
8. Place the clevis in the control horn without snapping
o o 
it shut. Center the aileron and mark the center of the servo arm on the pushrod. Remove the clevis from the horn and make a 90 degree bend in the pushrod at the mark. Using a 5/64" [2mm] drill bit, enlarge the outer servo horn hole.
1. Locate the two plywood wing joiners. Place them on
o 
top of each other and test fit them into both wing halves. The joiners should fit slightly loose to allow room for epoxy. If the joiner is too snug, sand the joiners until they fit properly.
8
2. Note: Before beginning this step be sure to have plenty
o 
of alcohol and paper towels handy to clean up any excess epoxy. Mix approximately 1/2 oz [15cc] of 30-minute epoxy. Apply a liberal amount of epoxy into the joiner pocket of each wing, both sides of each wing joiner, and the root rib of each wing. Insert the joiner into one wing panel and then slide the other panel onto the joiner. Push the two halves together firmly, making sure there are no gaps anywhere between the wings. Clean any excess epoxy from the wing surface with alcohol. Hold the wings together with masking tape until the epoxy has completely cured.
4. Remove the wing bolt plate. Trim the covering just inside
o 
your lines. Wipe away the lines with alcohol. Glue the wing bolt plate to the wing, using 6 minute epoxy or thick CA.

BUILD THE FUSELAGE

Install the Horizontal Stabilizer
and Vertical Fin
3. Align the wing bolt plate over the holes on the underside
o 
of the wing. There is a shallow perforation on the uncovered side of the plate to allow you to bend the plate to match the dihedral of the wing. Place the wing bolt plate over the underside of the wing and place the wing bolts into the two holes to keep the plate aligned. Use a fine, felt-tip marker to trace around the plate onto the wing.
HOW TO CUT COVERING FROM BALSA
Use a soldering iron to cut the covering from the area beneath the wing bolt plate. The tip of the soldering iron doesn’t have to be sharp, but a fine tip does work best. Allow the iron to heat fully.
1. To properly align the stabilizer in the fuse, the wing
o 
will need to be temporarily installed. Attach the wing using the two 3 x 25mm [1"] machine screws and two 3mm flat washers.
Use a straightedge to guide the soldering iron at a rate that will just melt the covering and not burn into the wood. The hotter the soldering iron, the faster it must travel to melt a fine cut. Peel off the covering.
2. Remove the strip of balsa at the tail of the horizontal
o 
stabilizer slot in the fuselage using a hobby knife, as shown.
9
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