How it Works
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mx16
User guide
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Graupner mx16 User guide

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mx-16
33116.mx-16 HoTT.3.en
Programming Manual

Contents

General Information
Contents ........................................................................ 2
Safety notes and handling instructions relating
to Nickel-Metal-Hydride rechargeable batteries ............8
Disposal of exhausted dry and rechargeable batt. ........ 9
Foreword ...................................................................... 10
Technical specifications ............................................... 13
Recommended battery chargers ................................. 13
Operating notes
Transmitter power supply ......................................14
Receiver power supply .......................................... 16
Adjusting the stick length ....................................... 17
Opening the transmitter case ................................ 17
Changing the stick mode ....................................... 18
Front of transmitter ................................................ 20
Rear of transmitter ................................................. 21
Headphone socket ................................................21
Mini-USB socket .................................................... 21
Data socket ...........................................................21
DSC (Direct Servo Control) ................................... 22
Data storage / card slot ......................................... 22
Screen and keypad ...............................................24
Operating the “Data Terminal” ...............................25
Short-cuts .............................................................. 25
Hidden Mode
Language selection
Voice messages ........................................ 26
Changing the screen language ................. 27
Firmware update from SD card ....................... 27
Stick calibration ............................................... 27
Telemetry data displays ......................................... 30
On-screen warnings .............................................. 36
On-screen function fields....................................... 36
Position indicator of rotary controls CTRL 7 + 8 ....37
Input lock ............................................................... 37
Using the transmitter for the first time ..........................38
Downloading a firmware package ......................... 39
Firmware-update of the transmitter ....................... 39
Restoring the transmitter firmware ........................ 43
Using the receiver for the first time .............................. 44
Firmware-update of the receiver ...........................46
Backing up receiver settings .................................50
Installation notes ..........................................................52
Receiving system power supply ............................ 53
Receiver socket sequence ............................... 61/62
Servo with incorrect direction of rotation ............... 62
Model helicopters ........................................................64
Receiver socket sequence .................................... 65
Program descriptions
Setting up a new model memory ................................. 66
“Model memories” ...................................................... 70
“Base settings” (model)
Fixed-wing model aircraft ...................................... 74
Binding receivers .............................................80
Range-checking ..............................................80
Model helicopter .................................................... 82
Binding receivers .............................................88
Range-checking ..............................................89
“Servo settings” ..........................................................92
“Transmitter control settings”
Fixed-wing model aircraft ...................................... 94
Model helicopter .................................................... 96
Throttle limit function ....................................... 99
Basic idle setting .............................................99
“D/R Expo”
Fixed-wing model aircraft .................................... 102
Model helicopter .................................................. 104
“Phase trim” (fixed-wing) .......................................... 106
“Wing mixer” ............................................................ 108
“Heli mixer” ..............................................................114
Adjusting throttle and collective pitch curves ....... 120
Auto-rotation setting ............................................ 124
General notes re. freely programmable mixers .......... 126
“Free mixers” ...........................................................127
Examples............................................................. 131
“Swashplate mixers” ............................................... 132
“Servo display” .........................................................133
“Basic settings” ........................................................134
“Fail-Safe” .................................................................136
“Telemetry” ...............................................................137
Setting & Data view ............................................. 138
Satellite operation with two receivers ............ 147
Sensor select....................................................... 150
RF status view ..................................................... 151
Selecting voice output ......................................... 152
“Trainer mode” .........................................................154
Wiring diagrams ..................................................157
Wireless HoTT system ........................................ 158
“Info display” ........................................................... 162
2
Contents
Programming examples
Fixed-wing model aircraft
First steps ............................................................ 166
Including an electric power system .....................170
E-motor and Butterfly (crow) using Ch1 stick ...... 172
Operating timers .................................................. 175
Use of flight phases ............................................. 176
Servos running in parallel .................................... 177
Model helicopters ......................................................186
Appendix
Appendix .................................................................... 194
Conformity declaration ............................................... 197
Guarantee certificate ................................................. 199

Environmental protection

This symbol on the product, in the operating instructions or the packaging indicates that the product must not be discarded via the normal household refuse at the end of its useful life. Instead it must be taken to a collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic ap­paratus.
The materials can be re-used according to their identifi­cation code. You can make an important contribution to the protection of our shared environment by recycling
old equipment and making use of its basic materials.
Dry and rechargeable batteries must be removed from the device and taken to the appropriate collection point.
Please ask your local authority for the location of your nearest waste disposal site.
The sole purpose of this manual is to provide informa­tion; it is subject to amendment without prior notification. Graupner accepts no responsibility or liability for errors or inaccuracies which may occur in the information section of this manual.
Contents
3

Safety Notes

Please read carefully!
We all want you to have many hours of pleasure in our mutual hobby of modelling, and safety is an important aspect of this. It is absolutely essential that you read right through these instructions and take careful note of all our safety recommendations. We also strongly recommend that you register without delay at https:// www.graupner.de/en/service/product_registration, as this ensures that you automatically receive the latest information relating to your product by e-mail.
If you are a beginner to the world of radio-controlled model aircraft, boats and cars, we strongly advise that you seek out an experienced modeller in your field, and ask him or her for help and advice.
If you ever dispose of this transmitter, these instructions must be passed on to the new owner.
Application
This radio control system may only be used for the purpose for which the manufacturer intended it, i. e. for operating radio-controlled models which do not carry hu- mans. No other type of use is approved or permissible.
Safety notes
SAFETY IS NO ACCIDENT
and
RADIO-CONTROLLED MODELS
ARE NOT PLAYTHINGS
Even small models can cause serious personal injury and damage to property if they are handled incompe­tently, or if an accident occurs due to the fault of others.
Technical problems in electrical and mechanical sys­tems can cause motors to rev up or burst into life unex­pectedly, with the result that parts may fly off at great speed, causing considerable injury.
Short-circuits of all kinds must be avoided at all times.
Safety Notes
4
Short-circuits can easily destroy parts of the radio con­trol system, but even more dangerous is the acute risk of fire and explosion, depending on the circumstances and the energy content of the batteries.
Aircraft and boat propellers, helicopter rotors, open gearboxes and all other rotating parts which are driven by a motor or engine represent a constant injury hazard. Do not touch these items with any object or part of your body. Remember that a propeller spinning at high speed can easily slice off a finger! Ensure that no other object can make contact with the driven components.
Never stand in the primary danger zone, i. e. in the rota­tional plane of the propeller or other rotating parts, when the motor is running or the drive battery is connected.
Please note that a glowplug engine or electric motor could burst into life accidentally if the receiving system is switched on when you are transmitting the transmitter. To be on the safe side, disconnect the fueltank or the flight battery.
Protect all electronic equipment from dust, dirt, damp, and foreign bodies. Avoid subjecting the equipment to vibration and excessive heat or cold. Radio control equipment should only be used in “normal” ambient temperatures, i. e. within the range -10°C to +55°C.
Avoid subjecting the equipment to shock and pressure. Check the units at regular intervals for damage to cases and leads. Do not re-use any item which is damaged or has become wet, even after you have dried it out thor­oughly.
Use only those components and accessories which we expressly recommend. Be sure to use only genuine matching Graupner connectors of the same design with contacts of the same material.
When deploying cables ensure that they are not under
strain, are not tightly bent (kinked) or broken. Avoid sharp edges, as they can chafe through insulating materials.
Before you use the system, check that all connectors are pushed home firmly. When disconnecting compo­nents, pull on the connectors themselves – not on the wires.
It is not permissible to carry out any modifications to the RC system components, as any such changes invalidate both your operating licence and your insurance cover.
Installing the receiving system
In a model aircraft the receiver must be packed in soft foam and stowed behind a stout bulkhead, and in a model boat or car it should be protected effectively from dust and spray.
The receiver must not make direct contact with the fuselage, hull or chassis at any point, otherwise motor vibration and landing shocks will be transmitted directly to it. When installing the receiving system in a model with a glowplug or petrol engine, be sure to install all the components in well-protected positions, so that no exhaust gas or oil residues can reach the units and get inside them. This applies above all to the ON / OFF switch, which is usually installed in the outer skin of the model.
Secure the receiver in such a way that the aerial, servo leads and switch harness are not under any strain. The receiver aerial should be at least 5 cm away from all large metal parts and any wiring which is not connected directly to the receiver. This includes steel and carbon fibre components, servos, electric motors, fuel pumps, cabling of all kinds, etc..
Ideally the receiver should be installed well away from
any other installed equipment in the model, but in an easily accessible position. Under no circumstances al­low servo leads to run close to the aerial, far less coiled round it!
Ensure that cables are fastened securely, so that they cannot move close to the receiver aerial when the model is flying.
Deploying the receiver aerial(s)
The receiver and its aerials should be installed as far away as possible from all kinds of power system. If your model has a carbon fibre fuselage, the aerial tips must always be deployed outside the fuselage. The orientation of the aerial(s) is not critical, but we recommend install­ing them vertically (upright) in the model. If the receiver features aerial diversity (two aerials), the second aerial should be arranged at 90° to the first.
Installing the servos
Always install servos using the vibration-damping grommets supplied. The rubber grommets provide some degree of protection from mechanical shock and severe vibration.
Installing control linkages
The basic rule is that all linkages should be installed in such a way that the pushrods move accurately, smoothly and freely. It is particularly important that all servo output arms can move to their full extent without fouling or rub­bing on anything, or being obstructed mechanically at any point in their travel.
It is essential that you should be able to stop your motor at any time. With a glow motor this is achieved by adjust­ing the throttle so that the barrel closes completely when you move the throttle stick and trim to their end-points.
Ensure that no metal parts are able to rub against each other, e. g. when controls are operated, when parts rotate, or when motor vibration affects the model. Metal­to-metal contact causes electrical “noise” which can interfere with the correct working of the receiver.
Directing the transmitter aerial
Transmitter field strength is at a minimum in an imagi­nary line extending straight out from the transmitter aerial. It is therefore fundamentally misguided to “point” the transmitter aerial at the model with the intention of obtaining good reception.
When several radio control systems are in use on adja­cent channels, the pilots should always stand together in a loose group. Pilots who insist on standing away from the group endanger their own models as well as those of the other pilots.
However, if two or more pilots operating 2.4 GHz radio control systems stand closer together than 5 m, the down-link channel may be swamped, triggering a very premature range warning. If this should occur, walk away from the other pilots until the range warning ceases again.
Pre-flight checking Before you switch on the receiver, ensure that the throt-
tle stick is at the stop / idle end-point.
Always switch on the transmitter first,
and only then the receiver.
Always switch off the receiver first,
and only then the transmitter.
If you do not keep to this sequence, i. e. if the receiver is at any time switched on when “its” transmitter is switched OFF, then the receiver is wide open to signals
from other transmitters and any interference, and may respond. The model could then carry out uncontrolled movements, which could easily result in personal injury or damage to property.
Please take particular care if your model is fitted with a mechanical gyro: before you switch your receiver off, disconnect the power supply to ensure that the motor cannot run up to high speed accidentally.
As it runs down, the gyro can generate such a high voltage that the receiver picks up apparently valid throttle commands, and the motor could respond by unexpectedly bursting into life.
Range checking
Before every session check that the system works properly in all respects, and has adequate range.
Secure the model adequately, and ensure that no persons are standing in front of the model.
Before you fly the model, carry out at least one complete check of all the working systems, and one complete simulated flight, in order to eliminate any possible sys­tem faults or model programming errors. In this regard it is essential to read the notes on pages 80 and 89.
When operating a model, i. e. when flying or driving, do not operate the transmitter without the aerial fitted. Check that the transmitter aerial is firmly seated.
Operating your model aircraft, helicopter, boat or car
Never fly directly over spectators or other pilots, and take care at all times not to endanger people or animals. Keep well clear of high-tension overhead cables. Never operate your model boat close to locks and full-size ves­sels. Model cars should never be run on public streets or motorways, footpaths, public squares etc..
Safety Notes
5
Safety Notes
Checking the transmitter and receiver batteries
It is essential to stop using the radio control system and recharge the batteries well before they are completely discharged. In the case of the transmitter this means – at the very latest – when the message “battery needs charging” appears on the screen, and you hear an audible warning signal.
It is vital to check the state of the batteries at regular intervals – especially the receiver pack. When the bat­tery is almost flat you may notice the servos running more slowly, but it is by no means safe to keep flying or running your model until this happens. Always replace or recharge the batteries in good time.
Keep to the battery manufacturer’s instructions, and don’t leave the batteries on charge for longer than stated. Do not leave batteries on charge unsupervised.
Never attempt to recharge dry cells, as they may ex­plode.
Rechargeable batteries should always be recharged be­fore every session. When charging batteries it is impor­tant to avoid short-circuits. Do this by first connecting the banana plugs on the charge lead to the charger, taking care to maintain correct polarity. Only then connect the charge lead to the transmitter or receiver battery.
Disconnect all batteries and remove them from your model if you know you will not be using it in the near future.
Capacity and operating times
This rule applies to all battery types: capacity diminishes with each charge. At low temperatures the battery’s internal resistance rises, and capacity falls. This means that its ability to deliver current and maintain voltage is reduced.
Frequent charging, and / or the use of maintenance programs, tends to cause a gradual reduction in battery capacity. We recommend that you check the capacity of all your rechargeable batteries at least every six months, and replace them if their performance has fallen off significantly.
Use only genuine Graupner rechargeable batteries!
Suppressing electric motors
All conventional (brushed) electric motors generate sparks between the commutator and the brushes, which cause more or less serious interference to the radio control system, depending on the type of motor. If an RC system is to work correctly, it is therefore important to suppress the electric motors, and in electric-powered models it is essential that every motor should be effec­tively suppressed. Suppressor filters reliably eliminate such interference, and should always be fitted where possible.
Please read the notes and recommendations supplied by the motor manufacturer.
Refer to the main Graupner FS catalogue or the Internet website at www.graupner.de for more information on suppressor filters.
Servo suppressor filter for extension leads
Order No. 1040 Servo suppressor filters are required if you are obliged
to use long servo extension leads, as they eliminate the danger of de-tuning the receiver. The filter is connected directly to the receiver input. In very difficult cases a second filter can be used, positioned close to the servo.
Using electronic speed controllers
The basic rule is that the electronic speed controller
must be chosen to suit the size of the electric motor it is required to control.
There is always a danger of overloading and possibly damaging the speed controller, but you can avoid this by ensuring that the controller’s current-handling capacity is at least half the motor’s maximum stall current.
Particular care is called for if you are using a “hot” (i. e. upgrade) motor, as any low-turn motor (small number of turns on the winding) can draw many times its nominal current when stalled, and the high current will then burn out the speed controller.
Electrical ignition systems
Ignition systems for internal combustion engines can also produce interference, which has an adverse effect on the working of the radio control system.
Electrical ignition systems should always be powered by a separate battery – not the receiver battery.
Be sure to use effectively suppressed spark plugs and plug caps, and shielded ignition leads.
Keep the receiving system an adequate distance away from the ignition system.
Static charges
Lightning causes magnetic shock waves which can interfere with the operation of a radio control transmitter even if the thunderstorm actually occurs several kilome­tres away. For this reason …
… cease flying operations immediately if you notice an electrical storm approaching. Static charges through the transmitter aerial can be life-threaten­ing!
Caution
In order to fulfil the FCC RF radiation regulations •
6
Safety Notes
applicable to mobile transmitting apparatus, the equipment’s aerial must be at least 20 cm from any person when the system is in use. We therefore do not recommend using the equipment at a closer range than 20 cm.
Ensure that no other transmitter is closer than 20 cm • from your equipment, in order to avoid adverse effects on the system’s electrical characteristics and radiation pattern.
The radio control system should not be operated • until the Country setting has been set correctly at the transmitter. This is essential in order to fulfil the requirements of various directives - FCC, ETSI, CE etc. Please refer to the instructions for your particular transmitter and receiver for details of this procedure.
Check all working systems and carry out at least one • full range check on the ground before every flight, in order to show up any errors in the system and the model’s programming.
Never make any changes to the programming of the • transmitter or receiver whilst operating a model.
Care and maintenance
Don’t use cleaning agents, petrol, water or other sol­vents to clean your equipment. If the case, the aerial etc. gets dirty, simply wipe the surfaces clean with a soft dry cloth.
Graupner cannot accept liability for non-approved components or accessories made by other manu­facturers. It is not possible for Graupner to assess every individual item manufactured by other compa­nies, so we are unable to state whether such parts can be used without incurring a safety risk.
Liability exclusion / Compensation
It is not possible for Graupner to ensure that the user observes the installation and operation instructions, and the recommended conditions and methods when install­ing, operating, using and maintaining the radio control components. For this reason Graupner denies all liability for loss, damages or costs which arise through misuse or mishandling of this equipment, or are connected with such use in any way.
Unless obliged by law, Graupner’s obligation to pay com­pensation, regardless of the legal argument employed, is limited to the invoice value of that quantity of Graup- ner products which were immediately involved in the event in which the damage occurred, unless the com­pany is deemed to have unlimited liability on account of deliberate or gross negligence.
Components and accessories
As manufacturers, the company of Graupner GmbH & Co. KG recommends the exclusive use of components and accessories which have been tested by Graupner and approved for their capability, function and safety. If you observe this rule, Graupner accepts responsibility for the product.
Safety Notes
7

Safety notes and handling instructions relating to Nickel-Metal-Hydride rechargeable batteries

As with all sophisticated technical products, it is vitally important that you observe the following safety notes and handling instructions if you wish the equipment to operate safely and reliably for an extended period.
Safety notes
Individual cells and rechargeable batteries are not • playthings, and must be kept well away from children.
Store rechargeable cells and batteries out of the reach of children.
Check that the batteries are in perfect, serviceable • condition before every use. Do not re-use defective or damaged cells or batteries.
Rechargeable cells and batteries must be used • within the specified limits stated for the correspond­ing cell type.
Do not heat, incinerate or short-circuit rechargea-• ble cells or batteries, and never charge them with excessive currents or reversed polarity.
Never use rechargeable batteries consisting of • parallel-wired cells, combinations of old and new cells, cells of different construction, size, capaci­ty, make, brand or cell type.
Batteries installed inside equipment should always be • removed from the device when it is not in use and not about to be used. Always keep equipment switched off in order to avoid deep-discharged cells. Batteries must be recharged in good time.
The battery to be charged should be placed on a • non-inflammable, heat-resistant, non-conductive surface for the whole of the charge period. Keep inflammable and volatile objects and materials well clear of the charging area.
Batteries must always be supervised when on •
Safety Notes
8
charge. Never exceed the maximum fast-charge cur­rent specified for the cell type in use.
If the battery heats up to more than 60°C whilst on • charge, halt the charge process immediately and allow the pack to cool down to about 30°C.
Never recharge a battery which is already charged, • hot, or not completely discharged.
Do not make any modifications to batteries. Never • solder or weld directly to cells.
If incorrectly handled, rechargeable batteries are at • risk of combustion, explosion, corrosive action and burns. Suitable extinguishing materials include fire blankets, CO2 fire extinguishers and sand.
Escaped electrolyte is corrosive - do not allow it to • contact skin or eyes. In an emergency rinse the area immediately with plenty of clean water before seeking medical help.
The cells’ air vents must never be blocked or sealed, • e. g. by solder. When soldering, the iron temperature should not exceed 220°C, and each joint should be completed in less than twenty seconds.
To avoid cell deformation, do not exert excessive • mechanical pressure on battery cells.
If a battery should be accidentally overcharged, use • the following procedure:
Simply disconnect the battery and leave it on a non­inflammable surface (e. g. stone floor) until it has cooled down. Never hold the battery in your hand, as there is a risk that cells might explode.
Always observe the recommended rates for charging • and discharging.
General information
The capacity of your rechargeable battery diminishes
with every charge / discharge process. Stored batteries may eventually exhibit reduced capacity.
Storage
Batteries should not be stored in a completely dis­charged state. Store them in a dry enclosed space at an ambient temperature of +5°C to +25°C. If you are storing a battery for a period longer than four weeks, ensure that the cell voltage does not fall below 1.2 V
Balancing individual battery cells
To balance new battery cells, i. e. to bring them all • to the same state of charge, charge them at what is known as the ‘normal’ rate until they are full. As a general guideline a fully discharged battery needs to be charged for a period of twelve hours at a current corresponding to one tenth of the capacity printed on the cell label (the “1/10C” method). After this treat­ment all the cells will be fully charged, and exhibit the same voltage. This method of balancing battery cells should be repeated after every ten fast-charge processes, so that the cells are repeatedly balanced; this helps to ensure an extended useful life for your batteries.
If you have the facilities to discharge individual cells, • we recommend that you make use of this before every charge process. Otherwise the battery pack should be run down to a discharge voltage of 0.9 V per cell. For example, this corresponds to a final discharge voltage of 3.6 V in the case of the four-cell pack used in the transmitter.
Charging
NiMH batteries should only be charged using the speci­fied currents, charge times and temperature range, and should be supervised constantly when on charge. If you
do not have access to a suitable fast charger, i. e. one which allows you to set the charge current accurately, then the battery should always be recharged using the “normal” charge rate of 1/10C; see the example stated above.
Wherever possible, transmitter batteries should always be recharged at the 1/10C rate, in order to avoid differences in cell states. The charge current must never exceed the maximum permissible value stated in the transmitter instructions.
Fast charging
If your charger offers these facilities, then set the • Delta Peak trigger voltage to 5 mV per cell. However, most battery chargers are set to a fixed value of 15 … 20 mV per cell, and can therefore be used equally well for NiCd batteries and for NiMH batteries. If you are unsure, refer to the operating instructions or ask your dealer whether the charger is also suitable for NiMH batteries. If you are still not sure, charge your batteries at half of the stated maximum charge current.
Discharging
All rechargeable batteries sold by Graupner and GM­Racing are suitable for a maximum continuous current load of 6C … 13C, according to battery type (refer to the manufacturer’s specification!). The higher the continuous current load, the shorter the batteries’ useful life.
Use your battery until its performance falls off, or until • the low voltage warning is triggered.
Caution:
When stored for a long period, the cell voltage should not be allowed to fall below 1.2 V. This means that you may have to recharge the battery before stor-
ing it. Reflex charging and charge / discharge (cycle) •
programs shorten the effective life of batteries unnec­essarily, and are only suitable for checking battery quality or “reviving” relatively old cells. It also makes no sense to charge / discharge a battery before using it - unless you simply wish to check its quality.
Disposal of exhausted dry and rechargeable batter­ies
The German Battery Order places a legal requirement on every consumer to return all used and exhausted dry cells and rechargeable batteries. It is prohibited to dispose of these items in the ordinary domestic waste. At no charge to the user, old dry and rechargeable batteries can be surrendered at local authority collec­tion points, Graupner retail outlets, and any other shop where dry and rechargeable batteries of the same type are sold. You can also send batteries supplied by us to the following address - with adequate pre-paid postage
- for disposal: Graupner GmbH & Co. KG
Service: Gebrauchte Batterien (Used batteries) Henriettenstr. 94 - 96
D-73230 Kirchheim unter Teck You can make an important contribution to environmen-
tal protection in this way.
Caution: Damaged batteries may require special packaging be­fore despatch, as some contain highly toxic materials!!!!!
Safety Notes
9
mx-16 the latest generation of radio control technology
HoTT (Hopping Telemetry Transmission) is the synthe­sis of expertise, engineering and world-wide testing by professional pilots. The equipment operates on the 2.4 GHz band, and offers bi-directional communication be­tween transmitter and receiver via a down-link channel integrated into the receiver.
The mx-16 HoTT RC system is based on the Graup- ner/JR mc-24 computer radio control system which was introduced back in 1997. It has been developed specifically for the beginner, but the mx-16 HoTT is still capable of controlling all current model types with­out problem - whether fixed-wing model or helicopter, model boat or car.
In the area of fixed-wing models and helicopters it is often necessary to employ complex mixer functions for the control surfaces or the swashplate actuation system. Computer technology enables you to activate a vast range of functions to cope with special model requirements – just by pressing a button. With the mx- 16 HoTT all you do is select the appropriate model type, and the software then presents you automatically with the appropriate mixer and coupling functions. This means that the transmitter requires no additional mod­ules in order to implement complex coupled functions, and you can forget all about old-fashioned mechanical mixers in the model. The mx-16 HoTT provides an extremely high level of safety and reliability in use.
The mx-16 HoTT offers twenty model memories, each of which can store model settings for different flight phases. Individual phases can be called up in flight simply by operating a switch, so that you can try out various settings quickly and without risk. This can be for test purposes or for varying parameters for different phases of flight.
The large graphic screen makes operating the trans­mitter a simple, intuitive process. Mixers and other functions can be displayed in graphic form, and this is extraordinarily helpful.
The beginner quickly becomes familiar with the different functions thanks to the clear, logically arranged pro­gram structure. Four-way touch-sensitive buttons to left and right of the high-contrast screen are used to enter settings, allowing the user to exploit all the options he needs, in accordance with his experience in handling radio-controlled models.
In theory the Graupner|SJ HoTT process allows more than 200 models to be operated simultaneously. Al­though in practice the mixed operation of different tech­nical systems in the 2.4 GHz ISM band – as required by the approval regulations – reduces this number considerably. Generally, however, it will always be pos­sible to operate even more models simultaneously on the 2.4 GHz band than on the 35 / 40 MHz frequency bands which we have used to date. However, the actual limiting factor – as it has always been – is likely to remain the size of the (air-) space available. The simple fact that no frequency control procedure is necessary equates to an enormous gain in safety, especially at flying sites such as gliding slopes where groups of pilots may be distributed over a large area, with nobody in overall control.
The integral Telemetry menu provides a simple means of accessing data and programming HoTT receivers. For example, this method can be used to map receiver outputs, distribute control functions to multiple servos, and match servo travels and directions to each other.
This manual describes each menu in detail, and also provides dozens of useful tips, notes and programming
examples to complement the basic information. More general modelling terms, such as Transmitter controls, Dual-Rates, Butterfly (Crow) and many others, are all explained in the manual.
Please refer to the Appendix for additional information on the HoTT system. This manual concludes with the transmitter’s conformity declaration and guarantee certificate.
Please read the safety notes and the technical informa­tion. We recommend that you read right through the instructions with great care, and check all the functions as described in the text. This can be carried out simply by connecting servos to the supplied receiver, and watching their response as you program the transmit­ter. However, please read the notes on page 20 in this regard. This is the quickest method of becoming familiar with the essential procedures and functions of the mx- 16 HoTT.
Always handle your radio-controlled model with a responsible attitude to avoid endangering yourself and others.
The Graupner team wishes you great pleasure and suc­cess with your mx-16 HoTT - a radio control system of the latest generation.
Kirchheim-Teck, March 2012
10

Introduction

mx-16 Computer System
Eight-channel radio control set with Graupner|SJ HoTT 2.4 GHz technology (Hopping Telemetry Transmission)
Micro-computer radio control system exploiting the • latest Graupner|SJ HoTT 2.4 GHz technology
Bi-directional communication between transmitter • and receiver
Five different languages• English, French, German, Italian and Spanish Ultra-fast response times through direct, ultra-reliable •
data transmission from the main processor to the
2.4 GHz RF module. No additional delay caused by detours through a module processor.
Telemetry menu for displaying telemetry data, and • programming receiver outputs and optional sensors.
Telemetry display shows numerous programming and • analysis functions directly on the transmitter screen.
Speech output can be called up using freely pro-• grammable switches
User-selectable servo cycle times for digital servos, • min. 10 ms
Short, folding aerial• Methods of operation and programming based on the •
proven concepts of the mc-19 to mc-24 High-contrast graphic screen with blue backlighting •
ensures perfect monitoring of set-up parameters, such as model type, model memory, timers and operating voltage.
Graupner|SJ HoTT technology offers extreme reliability in use, with bi-directional communication between transmitter and receiver, integrated teleme­try, speech output via earphone socket and ultra­fast response times.
Simplified programming technology with capacitive programming touch-buttons.
High-contrast, eight-line graphic screen with blue
backlighting for ultra-clear display of all set-up para­meters and telemetry data. Telemetry data is stored on a micro-SD memory card.
12-bit / 4096-step channel signal resolution for extre­mely fine control characteristics.
USB socket for reading out and saving model me­mory data, and loading firmware updates.
Function encoder with two four-way touch-sensitive • buttons for simplified programming and accurate settings
Key-Lock function to guard against accidental opera-• tion.
Four programmable flight phases• Twenty model memories, with storage of all model-•
specific programming and set-up parameters
Description of radio control set
11
mx-16 Computer System
Eight-channel radio control set with Graupner|SJ HoTT 2.4 GHz technology (Hopping Telemetry Transmission)
Seven switches (two three-way switches, three two-• way switches and two momentary switches), plus three digital controls - already installed and extremely versatile
Unrestricted assignment of all switches to switched • functions simply by operating the appropriate switch
Internal real-time clock for dating log files• User-replaceable CR2032 buffer battery for internal •
real-time clock Storage of model memories using the latest battery-•
free back-up system Eight control functions with simplified, very conven-•
ient assignment of transmitter controls for auxiliary functions, such as switches and proportional controls
Convenient mode selector provides simple method • of changing the stick mode (modes 1 - 4, e. g. throttle right / throttle left).
When you change modes, all the affected settings are switched at the same time.
Graphical servo display provides a straightforward • overview of the servo set-up, and a swift method of checking servo travels
Receiver output swap• Comprehensive programs for fixed-wing model •
aircraft and helicopters: Fixed-wing menu for: 1 AIL, 1 AIL + 1 FLAP, 2 AIL, 2
AIL + 1 or 2 FLAP, V-tail, delta / flying wing, two ele­vator servos
Fixed-wing mixer: diff aile, diff.flaps, ail rudd, ail flaps, brake elev, brake flap, brake aile, elev flap, elev aile, flap elev, flap aile and diff. reduction
Heli menu: 1-point, 2-point, 3-point and 4-point •
linkages (1 servo, 2 servo, 3sv(2roll), 3sv(140°), 3sv(2nick (pitch-axis)), 4 SV (90°))
Swashplate limiter• Servo travel adjustment +/- 150% for all servo out-•
puts, variable separately for each side (Single Side Servo Throw)
Variable sub-trim, range +/- 125%, for adjusting the • neutral position of all servos
Servo reverse, programmable for all servos• EXPO / DUAL-RATE system, separately variable, can •
be switched in-flight, flight phase programmable Stopwatch / count-down timer with alarm function• Model memory copy function• Integral DSC socket for use with flight simulators and •
Trainer systems
General features of the HoTT system
Simple, ultra-fast binding of transmitter and receiver• Multiple receivers can be bound per model for paral-•
lel operation Extremely fast re-binding, even at maximum range• Two-receiver satellite operation using special cable •
connection Range-check and warning function• Receiver low-voltage warning on transmitter screen• Ultra-wide receiver operating voltage range: 3.6 V to •
8.4 V (fully operational down to 2.5 V) Fail-Safe• Unrestricted channel assignment (channel-mapping), •
mixer functions and all servo settings programmable in the Telemetry menu
Up to four servos can be actuated simultaneously • as a block, with a servo cycle time of 10 ms (digital
servos only) Optimised frequency hopping and broad channel •
spread for maximum interference rejection Intelligent data transmission with corrective function• Real-time telemetry analysis• More than 200 systems can be operated simultane-•
ously Future-proof update capability using USB port•
Description of radio control set
12
The set Order No. 33116 contains
mx-16 HoTT micro-computer transmitter with integral 4NH-2000 RX RTU flat-pack NiMH transmitter battery, Order No. 33116.2 (specification reserved), plug-type battery charger (5,6 V / 200 mAh), Graupner|SJ GR-16 HoTT bi-directional receiver, Order No. 33508, micro-SD card, USB interface, Order No. 7168.6 and adapter lead, Order No. 7168.6S.
Recommended battery chargers (optional)
Suitable for
the following
battery types
Order No. Description
220 V mains conn.
12 V DC connect.
NiCd
NiMH
LiPo
Lead-ac. 6411 Ultramat 8 x x x x x
6463 Ultramat 12 plus x x x x x x
6464 Ultramat 14 plus x x x x x x x
6466 Ultra Trio plus 14 x x x x x x x
6468 Ultramat 16S x x x x x x x
6469 Ultra Trio Plus 16 x x x x x x
6470 Ultramat 18 x x x x x x x
6475 Ultra Duo Plus 45 x x x x x x x
6478 Ultra Duo Plus 60 x x x x x x x
6480 Ultra Duo Plus 80 x x x x x x x
Specification, mx-16 HoTT transmitter
Frequency band 2,4 … 2,4835 GHz
Modulation FHSS
Transmitter power see Country setting, page 135
Control functions Eight functions; four with trims
Temperature range -10 … +55°C
Aerial folding
Operating voltage 3,4 … 6 V
Current drain approx. 180 mA
Dimensions approx. 190 x 195 x 90 mm
Weight approx. 770 g with transmitter
battery
Integral charge. lead
Accessories
Order No. Description
1121 Neckstrap, 20 mm wide 70 Neckstrap, 30 mm wide 3097 Wind-shield for hand-held transmitter
Trainer leads for mx-16 HoTT:
see page 157
Specification, GR-16 HoTT receiver
Operating voltage 3,6 … 8,4 V*
Current drain ca. 70 mA
Frequency band 2,4 … 2,4835 GHz
Modulation FHSS
Aerial Diversity aerials,
2 x approx. 145 mm long, approx. 115 mm encapsu­lated and approx. 30 mm active
Servo sockets 8
Sensor socket 1
Temperature range approx. -10° … +55°C
Dimensions approx. 46 x 21 x 14 mm
Weight approx. 12 g
* The permissible operating voltage range stated above applies to
the receiver only! Please note in this regard that the receiver’s input voltage is passed directly (i.e. unregulated) to the servo sockets, but the permissible operating voltage range of the overwhelming major­ity of servos, speed controllers, gyros etc. which can be connected to the receiver is only 4.8 to 6 Volt!
To charge the batteries you will also need the transmitter charge lead, Order No. 3022 and the receiver charge lead, Order No. 3021.
For details of additional battery chargers, and details of the chargers listed here, please refer to the main Graupner FS catalogue, or our Internet site at www.graupner.de.
Replacement parts
Order No. Description
2498.4FBEC 4NH-2000 RX RTU, flat-pack 33800 HoTT transmitter aerial
For information on additional accessories please refer to the Appendix or visit our Internet site at www.graupner. de. Alternatively you can enquire at your local model shop, where the staff will be pleased to advise you.
Description of radio control set
13

Operating Notes

#01
0:22h
stop
0:00 0:00
0.0V
4.7
HoTT
Mx
battery needs charging!!
x

Transmitter power supply

The mx-16 HoTT transmitter is fitted as standard with a high-capacity rechargeable 4NH-2000 RX RTU NiMH battery (Order No. 2498.4FBEC) (specification re­served). When delivered, the standard rechargeable
battery is not charged.
When you are using the transmitter you can monitor the battery voltage on the LCD screen. If the voltage of the transmitter battery falls below a certain voltage (default 4.7 V), which can be set in the “Battery warning threshold” line of the “Basic settings” menu, page 134, you will hear an audible warning signal. The screen then displays a message reminding you that the transmitter battery needs to be recharged.
Always recharge the transmitter battery in good time. When you see this message, cease operations immedi­ately and recharge the transmitter battery.
Note: Ensure that the correct battery type is set in the “Basic
settings” menu on page 134! NIMH must be set as the standard value.
Charging the transmitter battery
The rechargeable NiMH transmitter battery can be recharged with the battery charger (Order No. 33116.2) supplied in the set, using the charge socket located on the right-hand side of the transmitter. Leave the battery
Operating Notes
14
inside the transmitter for charging, to avoid premature damage to the internal battery socket.
As an approximate guideline a discharged battery should be charged for twelve hours at a current cor­responding to one tenth of the capacity printed on the pack. If you are using the standard transmitter battery and the charger supplied in the set, this current is 200 mA. The transmitter must be switched “OFF” for the whole period of the charge process. Never switch on the transmitter when it is still connected to the charger; even a very brief interruption in the process can cause the charge voltage to rise to the point where the transmitter is immediately damaged. For this reason check carefully that all connectors are secure, and are making really good contact.
Polarity of the mx-16 HoTT charge socket
Commercially available battery charge leads produced by other manufacturers are often made up with the op­posite polarity. For this reason it is essential to use only the genuine Graupner charge lead, Order No. 3022.
Using automatic battery chargers
As standard the charge socket is protected against short-circuit by a diode. However, genuine Graupner automatic battery chargers are still able to detect the voltage of the battery. The maximum charge current must not exceed 1 A, otherwise the diode and possibly other components may be damaged.
If possible, set the delta peak voltage difference of your fast charger to a value in the range 10 mV … 20 mV or equivalent, as described in the charger’s instructions;
this ensures that it is suitable for fast-charging NiMH cells.
First connect the banana plugs on the charge lead to the charger, and only then connect the other end of the charge lead to the charge socket on the trans­mitter. When the charge lead is connected to the transmitter, never allow the bare ends of the plugs to touch! To avoid damage to the transmitter, the charge current must never exceed 1 A. If necessary, limit the current on the charger itself.
Removing the transmitter battery
To remove the transmitter battery, first disengage the cover over the battery compartment on the back of the transmitter, then lift it off:
Remove the battery, then carefully pull on the power lead to disconnect the transmitter battery connector.
Installing the transmitter battery
Hold the connector attached to the transmitter battery in such a way that the black or brown wire faces the aerial, and the unused socket of the battery connector is on the side facing the bottom, then push the battery connector onto the three pins projecting out of the inside of the
Polarity of transmitter battery connector
transmitter, in the direction of the circuit board. (The bat-
#01
0:00h
stop flt
0:00 0:00
0.0V
5.6V
HoTT
Mx
tery connector is protected against reversed polarity by two chamfered edges; see illustration).
Finally place the battery in the compartment, and close the cover.
Battery timer, bottom left corner of the screen
This timer displays the cumulative operating time of the transmitter since the last time the transmitter battery was charged.
This timer is automatically reset to “0:00” when the transmitter detects that the voltage of the transmitter battery is significantly higher than the last time it was switched on, e. g. as a result of a charge process.
CR 2032 lithium battery
On the left-hand side of the transmitter circuit board you will find a holder fitted with a user-replaceable CR 2032 lithium battery:
disconnected; for example, when the transmitter battery is replaced.
The purpose of this battery is to protect the system from loss of date and time if the transmitter’s power supply is
Operating Notes
15
#01
2:22h
stop flt
0:00 0:00
5.5V
5.2V M
HoTT
Operating Notes

Receiver power supply

A wide range of rechargeable four-cell and five-cell NiMH batteries varying in capacity is available for use as the receiver power supply. If you are using digital servos we recommend that you use a five-cell (6 V) pack of gener­ous capacity. If your model is fitted with a mixture of digital and analogue servos, it is important to check the maximum permissible operating voltage of all the types.
The PRX unit, Order No. 4136, provides a stabilised receiver power supply with a user-variable voltage from one or two receiver batteries; see Appendix.
For reasons of safety battery boxes or dry cells should never be used.
The voltage of the airborne power supply is displayed on the transmitter screen while the model is flying:
If the voltage falls below the pre-set warning threshold -
3.8 Volt as standard, but variable in the Telemetry menu; see page 146 - a visual and audible low-voltage warning is triggered.
Nevertheless it is important to check the state of the batteries at regular intervals. Don’t put off charging the batteries until the warning signal is triggered.
Note: Please refer to the main Graupner FS catalogue or visit the Internet site at www.graupner.de for full details of batteries, chargers, measuring equipment and battery monitor units.
Operating Notes
16
Charging the receiver battery
The charge lead, Order No. 3021, can be connected directly to the NC receiver battery for charging. If the battery is installed in a model and you have installed one of the following switch harnesses: Order No. 3046, 3934 or 3934.1 or 3934.3, the battery can be charged via the separate charge socket, or the charge socket which is built into the switch. The switch on the switch harness must be left at the “OFF” position for charging.
Polarity of the receiver battery connector
General notes on battery charging
Observe the recommendations provided by the • charger manufacturer and the battery manufacturer at all times.
Keep to the maximum permissible charge current • stated by the battery manufacturer.
The maximum charge current for the transmitter • battery is 1.5 A. Limit the charge current to this value on the charger.
If you wish to charge the transmitter battery at a • current higher than 1.5 A, you must first remove the pack from the transmitter, otherwise you risk damag­ing the circuit board through overloading the conduc­tor tracks, and / or overheating the battery.
Carry out a series of test charges to ensure that the • automatic charge termination circuit works correctly with your battery. This applies in particular if you are using an automatic charger designed for NiCd batter­ies to recharge the standard NiMH battery.
You may need to adjust the charger’s termination • behaviour, if it provides this option.
Do not discharge the battery or carry out a battery • maintenance program via the integral charge socket. The charge socket is not suitable for this application.
Always connect the charge lead to the charger first, • and only then to the transmitter or receiver battery. Observing this rule eliminates the danger of acciden­tal short-circuits between the bare contacts of the charge lead plugs.
If the battery becomes hot when on charge, it is time • to check the pack’s condition. Replace it if necessary, or reduce the charge current.
Never leave batteries unsupervised when on • charge.
Read and observe the safety notes and handling • information in the section starting on page 8.

Adjusting stick length

Both sticks are infinitely variable in length over a broad range, enabling you to set them to suit your personal preference.
Hold the bottom half of the knurled grip firmly, and unscrew the top section:
Now screw the stick top in or out (shorter or longer) to the length you prefer before tightening the top and bot­tom sections against each other to fix the stick top.

Opening the transmitter case

Please read the following notes carefully before you open the transmitter. If you have no experience in such matters, we recommend that you ask your nearest Graupner Service Centre to carry out the work for you.
The transmitter should only be opened in the following cases:
When a self-neutralising stick needs to be converted • to non-neutralising action, or a non-neutralising stick to a self-neutralising action.
If you wish to adjust the stick centring spring tension.•
Before opening the transmitter check that it is switched off (move Power switch to “OFF”).
Open the battery compartment and remove the transmit­ter battery as described on the previous double page, together with any micro-SD card already installed.
After this, use a PH1-size cross-point screwdriver to undo the six screws recessed into the back panel of the transmitter, as shown in the illustration:
Arrangement of the case back screws
Hold the two case sections together with your hand, and turn the unit over to allow these six screws to fall out onto the table. Now carefully raise the case back and fold it open to the right, as if you were opening a book.
C A U T I O N
Two multi-core cables connect the lower shell to the transmitter electronics located in the top section. Please take great care not to damage this cable!
Important:
Do not modify the transmitter circuit in any way, • as this invalidates your guarantee and official ap­proval for the system.
Do not touch any part of the circuit boards with • any metal object. Avoid touching the contacts with your fingers.
Never switch the transmitter on while the case is • open.
Please note the following points when closing the transmitter:
Make sure that no cables are jammed between the • transmitter case sections when you close the back.
Check that the two case sections fit together flush all • round before fitting the retaining screws. Never force the two case components together.
Fit the case screws in the existing threads, and tight-• en them gently. Over-tightening them will strip the threads in the plastic.
Remember to re-connect the battery.•
Operating Notes
17
Operating Notes
Folding aerial

Converting the dual-axis stick units

Self-centring action
Either or both sticks can be converted from self-neutral­ising to non self-neutralising action: start by opening the transmitter as described on the previous page.
If you wish to change the standard stick unit arrange­ment, start by locating the screw on the left-hand stick unit shown circled in white in the photo below.
Self-centring screw
Brake springs
Adjuster screws
Right-hand stick unit
Charge socket
User-replaceable CR2032 lithium cell, acting as buffer battery for the integral real time clock
mitter circuit board
Do not touch trans-
Do not touch trans-
mitter circuit board
Adjuster screws for stick centring force
Left-hand stick unit
Memory card slot
Note: The right-hand stick unit is of mirror-image construction, i. e. the screw you require is located on the right, below centre.
Self-centring screw
Brake springs
Adjuster screws
Turn this screw clockwise until the stick on that side moves freely from one end-stop to the other; alterna­tively unscrew it until the stick is fully self-centring again.
Operating Notes
18
Brake spring and ratchet
You can alter the braking force of the stick by adjusting the outer of the two screws circled in white in the next picture; adjusting the inner screw alters the strength of the ratchet:
Note: The right-hand stick unit is of mirror-image construction, i. e. the screw you require is located on the right, below centre.
Stick centring force
The centring force of the sticks is also variable to suit your preference. The adjustment system is located adjacent to the centring springs; see the white circles in the following photo.
You can set the preferred centring spring force by rotat­ing the corresponding adjuster screw using a cross-point screwdriver:
Turn to the right = harder spring tension;•
Turn to the left = softer spring tension.•
vertical
horizontal
Note: The right-hand stick unit is of mirror-image construction, i. e. the screw you require is located on the right, below centre.
Operating Notes
19

Description of transmitter

Front of transmitter

Attaching the transmitter neckstrap
You will find a strap lug mounted in the centre of the front face of the mx-16 HoTT transmitter, as shown in the drawing on the right. This lug is positioned in such a way that the transmitter is perfectly balanced even when suspended from a neckstrap.
Order No. 1121 Neckstrap, 20 mm wide Order No. 70 Neckstrap, 30 mm wide
Important note: In the transmitter’s standard form any servos connected to the receiver can initially only be operated using the dual-axis sticks. For maximum flexibility, all the other transmitter controls (CTRL 6 ... 8, SW 1 ... 9) are “free” in software terms, and can be assigned to any channels you like, enabling you to set up the system to suit your personal preference or the requirements of a particular model. This is carried out in the “contr set.” menu, as described on pages 94 (fixed-wing models) and 96 (model helicopters).
Description of transmitter
20
Aerial with folding / rotating base
Rotary proportional control CTRL 7
2-position switch SW 8
3-position switch SW 4/5
2-position momentary switch SW 1
Rotary proportional control CTRL 6
Left-hand stick
Trim
ON / OFF switch
Left-hand touch-button
Central Status LED
Neckstrap lug
Rotary proportional control CTRL 8
Carry handle
2-position switch SW 9
2-position switch SW 2
3-position switch SW 6/7
2-position switch SW 3
Right-hand stick
Trim
Right-hand touch-button
LCD screen

Rear of transmitter

Data socket for connec­ting Smart-Box, Order No. 33700
DSC socket for connec­ting flight simulators and for Teacher mode
Case screw
Case screw
Case screw
Earphone / headphone socket
Five-pin mini-USB socket for connecting transmitter to a PC
Case screw

Headphone socket

The central socket at the bottom edge of the back panel name plate is intended for connecting a standard com­mercial earphone or headphones fitted with a 3.5 mm barrel plug (not included in the set).
Signals and voice messages associated with the Te­lemetry menu are generated via this socket, as are the transmitter’s audible signals. The default language for speech output is German. For more information on this please refer to “Voice messages” in the “HIDDEN
MODE” section starting on page 26, and the “Teleme­try” section starting on page 137.
The volume of the headphone output can be adjusted in the “Voice volume” line of the “Basic settings” menu; see page 135.

mini-USB socket

This socket can be used to connect the transmitter to a PC running Windows XP, Vista or 7. The software required at the PC, including a suitable USB driver, can be found in the Download section for that product at www.graupner.de.
Once you have installed the software required, you can update the transmitter via this connection as and when required, or simply set the correct date and time of day.
Transmitter battery charge socket
Case screw
Battery compartment cover
Case screw

Data socket

For connecting the optional Smart-Box, Order No. 33700. For more details about the Smart-Box please refer to the
main Graupner FS catalogue, or refer to that product on the Internet at www.graupner.de.
Description of transmitter
21
PUPIL
#11
0:01h
stop flt
DSC
0:00 0:00
5.6V
HoTT
DSC
Direct Servo Control
The original function of this socket was for “Direct Servo Control”, and that’s why the abbreviation is still in use. However, for technical reasons “direct servo control” is no longer possible with the HoTT system using a diag­nosis lead.
The mx-16 HoTT transmitter’s standard two-pole DSC socket is now used as a Trainer (buddy box) socket (Teacher or Pupil), and as an interface for flight simula­tors.
For the DSC connection to work you must check the following:
Carry out any adjustments required in the appropri-1. ate menus:
See page 154 for information on setting up the mx- 16 HoTT transmitter to work as part of a Trainer sys­tem.
ALWAYS2. leave the transmitter’s On / Off switch in the “OFF” position when using a flight simulator, and when using the mx-16 HoTT transmitter as a Pu­pil unit in a Trainer system, for only in this position is the RF section of the transmitter module switched off (no RF signal) even when the DSC lead is plugged in. At the same time the transmitter’s current drain is reduced slightly.
The central Status LED should now glow a con­stant red, and the abbreviation “DSC” appears in the transmitter’s base display on the left, below the mod­el number. At the same time the display of telemetry symbols is suppressed:
Description of transmitter
22
The transmitter is now ready for use. In contrast, when the mx-16 HoTT is used in
Teacher mode, the transmitter must be switched on before the appropriate cable is plugged in.
Connect the other end of the connecting lead to the 3. appropriate apparatus, taking into account the oper­ating instructions supplied with that device.
Important:
Ensure that all connectors are firmly seated in their sockets.
Note regarding flight simulators: The range of flight simulators available commercially is now very wide, and you may find that it is necessary to swap over certain contacts at the barrel connector or the DSC module. This work must be carried out by a Graupner Service Centre.

Data storage

Card slot
micro-SD and micro-SDHC When you switch off the mx-16 HoTT transmitter and
remove the battery compartment cover, you will see the card slot for memory cards (of the micro-SD and micro­SDHC type) in the right-hand side of the compartment:
In addition to the memory card supplied as standard, it is possible to use any standard commercial micro-SD memory card with a capacity of max. 2 GB, and any mi­cro-SDHC card with a capacity of up to 32 GB. However, the manufacturer recommends the use of memory cards with capacities up to only 4 GB, as these are completely adequate in all normal circumstances.
The memory cards for which the transmitter is intended are familiar from their use in digital cameras and mobile telephones. Place the card in the slot with the contacts facing up, towards the back panel, and push it in until it locks. When the battery has been installed and the battery compartment closed, switching the transmitter on causes a number of folders to be created on the memory card. At the same time a stylised memory card graphic appears in the base display to indicate that a memory card is inserted.
#01
3:33h
stop flt
0:00 0:00
5.5V
5.2V
HoTT
M
Note: If there is an SD card installed, withdraw it BEFORE you remove the transmitter’s back panel, otherwise there is a risk that you will damage the card.
Prepare the memory card as described, remove it from the transmitter, and insert it in a suitable card reader. Make sure the reader is connected to your PC or lap­top, and copy the files previously downloaded from the Download page for your transmitter into the appropriate folder. Finally remove the memory card from the card reader, and replace it in the transmitter.
Data recording / storage
The process of saving data on the SD card is coupled to the flight timer: if the timer is started, then data saving commences - provided that a suitable memory card is in the card slot, and a telemetry connection to the receiver exists - and ceases again when the flight timer is stopped. The flight timer is started and stopped as described in the “Timers” section on page 77 for fixed­wing models, and pages 86 for model helicopters.
When data is being recorded, the card symbol flashes constantly and slowly.
When data is being written to the memory card, the memory card symbol swells from left to right to indicate the process.
When a data storage process is concluded, you will find
an (empty) “Models” folder and a “Log-Data” folder on the memory card. The latter contains the log files, stored in sub-folders named “Model name”, using the format 0001 Year-Month-Day.bin, 0002 Year-Month-Day.bin etc. However, if a model memory has not yet been named, then you will find the associated log files in a sub-folder named “NoName” when you remove the memory card from the transmitter and insert it in the card slot of a PC or laptop. The data can subsequently be analysed on a compatible PC using the PC program available on the Download page for the transmitter at www.graupner.de.
Firmware updates / Changing the screen language
It is possible to replace and / or update the transmit­ter’s firmware - and the transmitter’s screen language, if necessary - under menu control, as described in detail on page 27 under the title “Firmware update” in the “Hidden Mode” chapter. In addition to a German version of the firmware, the SD card supplied in the set as standard also contains firmware versions in English, French, Italian and Spanish; this information was correct at the time these instructions went to press.
Corresponding updates and information can be found in the Download area of www.graupner.de under the product concerned.
Importing voice files
As mentioned in the “Headphone socket” section on page 21, the signals associated with the Telemetry menu and voice messages can be generated via this socket, in addition to the transmitter’s audible signals. These voice messages are collected in a voice package and stored in the transmitter’s internal memory, but they can be replaced by a voice package in another language at any time. For more information on this please refer to
the “HIDDEN MODE” section starting on page 26.
Importing and exporting model memories
Any model memories can be copied onto a memory card in the transmitter, or copied from the card into the transmitter, so that you can exchange data between identical transmitters, and also back up your data. For more information please see the “Model memories” section starting on page 70.
Note: Some of the special characters used in certain model names cannot be accepted due to specific limitations of the FAT or FAT32 file system used by memory cards. During the copy process they are replaced by a tilde (~) character.
Description of transmitter
23

Screen and keypad

Visual display of the trim lever positions; alternatively - if rota­ry controls CTRL 7 … 9 are operated - display of the current settings of these two controls
Model name
Model memory 1 … 20
Left-hand touch-key
  leaf through  pressed briefly together:
switches to Servo display menu
ESC = interrupt / back ESC touched for about three
seconds; Switches to the Telemetry menu, and back to the base display
Battery voltage
(If battery voltage falls below a particular level, you will see a warning display - see “Warning notes” on page 36. At the same time the transmitter emits an audible warning signal.)
Model type display (fixed-wing / helicopter)
See page 36 for possible warnings
Stopwatch in min:sec (count-up / count-down)
Flight phase name Switching between flight phases using switch
Flight timer in min:sec (count-up / count-down)
Right-hand touch-key
  leaf through / alter values
SET Select / Confirm
Simultaneous brief press of
 or  = CLEAR
Receiver power supply voltage
Battery operating time since
last battery charge, in hr:min
Description of transmitter - screen and keypad
24
Signal strength indicator
Operating the “Data Terminal”

Input buttons ESC and SET

symbols

On-screen telemetry symbols
The active model memory has not yet been
“bound” to a HoTT receiver. See page 80 or 88 for more information on the “binding” process.
Not flashing: RF switched off at transmitter
Flashing aerial symbol: The last receiver bound to the active model is inactive, or out of range
>M x No telemetry signal detected
Signal strength display
>M
Display of Pupil signal strength on the Teacher
>P
transmitter’s screen.
Buttons to the left of the screen
ESC• button
A brief press on the ESC button returns you step by step within the function select system, taking you right back to the basic display. If you make a change in the meantime, the change is retained.
If touched for about three seconds in the base dis­play, ESC opens and closes the Telemetry menu.
Arrow buttons •  
A brief press on one of these buttons allows you 1. to leaf through lists, such as the Model Select or Multi-Function list, always moving in the direction of the arrow; the arrow buttons are also used to move through menu lines within menus.
A brief simultaneous press of the 2.  buttons switches from the base transmitter display, and from almost any menu position, into the “Servo
display” menu.
Buttons to the right of the screen
SET• button
Starting from the base screen display - as it ap-1. pears when you switch the transmitter on - a brief press of the SET button takes you to the multi­function menus. You can also call up a selected menu using the SET button.
Within the set-up menus you can activate (con-2. firm) and disable the corresponding set-up fields with a brief press of the SET button.
Arrow buttons •  
1. “Leafs through” the multi-function menu and the menu lines within the set-up menus, in the same manner as the left-hand touch-key’s arrow but­tons.
2. Selects and adjusts parameters in set-up fields af­ter you have activated them by briefly pressing the SET button; the buttons  and  are assigned the same function in each case, i. e. it makes absolutely no difference which of the two buttons you use.
3. A brief simultaneous press of the  or  buttons resets an altered parameter value in the active input field to the default value (CLEAR).
Notes:
It is not the contact with the touch-key itself that trig-• gers the corresponding action, but the cessation of the touch.
If you switch the transmitter off and then immediate-• ly on again, you may find that the touch-keys have no effect. This is not a fault! Switch the transmitter off again, and wait a few seconds before switching it on once more.

Short-Cuts

You can call up particular menus or options directly us­ing the following button combinations:
CLEAR•
A brief simultaneous press of the  or  but­tons of the right-hand touch-key resets an altered pa­rameter value in the active input field to the default value.
“• Servo display” A brief simultaneous press of the  buttons of the
left-hand touch-key switches from the transmitter’s base display, and from almost any menu position, to the “Servo display”, menu; see page 133.
“• Telemetry” Hold the central ESC button of the left-hand touch-
key pressed in for about one second in order to call up the “Telemetry” menu from the transmitter’s base display - see section starting on page 137 - and also to return to it again.
Graphic display of telemetry data•
Briefly pressing the or button of the left or right­hand touch-key switches directly from the transmit­ter’s base display to the graphic telemetry data dis­play, and also leafs to and fro between the individual graphic displays.
Press ESC to return to the base display. “• HIDDEN MODE”
(language selection and contrast) Simultaneously press the arrow buttons  of the
left-hand touch-key AND the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key; see next pagees.
Input lock•
Can be activated and disabled at the transmitter’s ba­sic display by simultaneously holding the ESC and
SET buttons pressed in for about two seconds.
Description of transmitter - screen and keypad
25
VERSTECKTER MODUS
ANSAGEN
KNÜPPEL KALIBRIER.
FIRMWARE UPDATE

HIDDEN MODE

RF ON/OFF?
ON OFF
VERSTECKTER MODUS
ANSAGEN
KNÜPPEL KALIBRIER.
FIRMWARE UPDATE
DATEILISTE
VOICE2_FRANCE.VDF VOICE2_GERMAN.VDF VOICE2_ITALIANO.VDF VOICE2_SPAIN.VDF
VOICE2_ENGLISH.VDF
DATEILISTE
VOICE2_FRANCE.VDF VOICE2_GERMAN.VDF VOICE2_ITALIANO.VDF VOICE2_SPAIN.VDF
VOICE2_ENGLISH.VDF
HIDDEN MODE CONTRAST LANGUAGE
0
ENGLISH
VOICE
ENGLISH
22/100%
I
VERSTECKTER MODUS
ANSAGEN
KNÜPPEL KALIBRIER.
FIRMWARE UPDATE
Language selection and screen contrast The “HIDDEN MODE” (VERSTECKTER MODUS) menu
of the mx-16 HoTT transmitter can be accessed from virtually any menu position by holding the arrow buttons  of the left-hand touch-key and the SET button of the right-hand touch-key pressed in; after about one second this display appears:
VOICE
As mentioned in the “Headphone socket” section on page 21, the signals associated with the Telemetry menu and voice messages can be generated via this socket, in addition to the transmitter’s audible signals. The default language for these messages is German. These voice messages are collected in a voice package and stored in the transmitter’s internal memory, but they can be replaced by a voice package in another language at any time.
When this manual went to press, the following langua­ges were available:
English• French• German• Italian• Spanish•
The currently active voice package can be exchanged using either the PC program which is available at www. graupner.de on the Download page for the transmitter,
Description of transmitter
26
or using the SD card supplied in the set, as described in the following section. If you have not already done so, insert your SD or SDHC card in the transmitter, as described on page 22. Switch the transmitter on with RF switched off:
Changing the language
Use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key to move to the “VOICE” (“ANSAGEN”) line:
Press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to move to the Select page of the “VOICE” option:
Now use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the language you prefer, for example:
Confirm your selection by briefly pressing the central
SET button of the right-hand touch-key again: the
selected voice package is now loaded into the transmit­ter’s memory:
The loading process is finished when the progress bar at the bottom edge of the screen disappears:
Finally switch the transmitter off to conclude the proce­dure.
All the settings stored in the transmitter are retained in full even after you have switched languages.
Notes:
If the warning message …•
RF
MUST BE
OFF
OK
… appears, then the transmitter’s RF section is still
SD-CARD
INSERT
OK
FILE LIST
VERSTECKTER MODUS
KNÜPPEL KALIBRIER.
FIRMWARE UPDATE
ANSAGEN
DATEILISTE
MX-12_1V234_FRANCE.B MX-12_1V234_GERMAN.B
MX-12_1V234_ENGLISH.
MX-12_1V234_ITALIANO MX-12_1V234_SPAIN.BI
DATEILISTE
MX-12_1V234_FRANCE.B MX-12_1V234_GERMAN.B
MX-12_1V234_ENGLISH.
MX-12_1V234_ITALIANO MX-12_1V234_SPAIN.BI
  
  
Firmware Download Prozess Start
Please Wait....
active. Switch this section off in the “RF module” line of the “Base settings” menu, and repeat the proce­dure.
If the warning …•
… appears, then there is no memory card in the card slot, or the card cannot be read.
If the Select window is empty …•
… then the transmitter cannot find a suitable voice file on the SD card in the transmitter. If this should happen, check the contents of the “VoiceFile” folder by inserting the SD card in a PC or laptop.
FIRMWARE UPDATE / Changing the screen lan­guage
Important note: It is essential to check the state of charge of your transmitter battery before you carry out any update. For safety’s sake recharge it and back up all occu­pied model memories, so that you can restore them if anything goes wrong.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the firmware version you wish to use, for example:
It is possible to update and / or replace the transmitter’s firmware, and with it the screen language, using this menu point; the procedure is similar to that described in the section entitled “VOICE”. When this manual went to press, the following languages were present on the SD card supplied as standard in the set:
Confirm your choice by briefly pressing the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key once more. The se­lected firmware now starts to load into the transmitter’s memory, and after two brief screen displays (which only concern the start of the firmware update) you will see …
German• English• French• Italian• Spanish•
Corresponding updates and further information can be found at www.graupner.de on the mx-16 HoTT pro­duct page under Download.
Description of transmitter
27
  
  
Boot Download Success!!!
Please Wait....
… this display:
  
  
Firmware Downloading...
Progress 023/123
 
 
Firmware Upgrade success!!!
SD-CARD
INSERT
OK
FILE LIST
HIDDEN MODE
STICK CALI.
FIRMWARE UPDATE
VOICE
1 3 5 7
2 4 6 8
0%
0% 0%
0 % 0% 0% 0%
0 %
1 3 5 7
2 4 6 8
0%
0% 0%
–50%
0% 0% 0%
0 %
The loading process is complete when the counter to the left of “/” reaches “Data quantity” to the right of it, and this message appears:
After a few seconds the message disappears, and the transmitter re-starts. The system is now ready for use again.
Notes:
If this warning message appears …•
28
Description of transmitter
… then there is no memory card in the card slot, or the card cannot be read.
If the Select window is empty …•
… then the transmitter cannot find a suitable firmware file on the SD card in the slot. If this should happen, check the contents of the “Firmware” folder on the SD card by inserting it into a PC or laptop.
STICK CALIBRATION
If you suspect that the centre point of your self-centring sticks (transmitter controls 1 … 4) does not correspond exactly to 0% travel of the transmitter control, you can check and - if necessary - correct it using the following procedure:
Move to the “Model select” menu and set up a free model memory, as described on page 66. It makes no difference whether you select a fixed-wing or helicopter model type.
Wait for the usual on-screen messages which appear in the base display after switching models, then move
to the “Servo display” menu with, for example, a simul­taneous brief press of the  buttons of the left-hand touch-key, but WITHOUT moving the trims, or carrying out any other programming procedures.
If all four of your primary stick functions are still set to self-centring action, the screen display should look like this:
Otherwise the bar and % figure for the non self-centring stick function - usually that of the throttle / brake or throttle / collective pitch stick “Ch 1” - will correspond to the stick’s current position. For example, if the throttle / brake stick is at the “quarter-throttle” position, then the screen will look like this:
Now move each of the two primary sticks to each of the four possible end-points in turn, but without exerting pressure at the end-points. At each of the end-points ­eight in total - the screen should show exactly -100% or +100%, depending on the side of centre. For example, if transmitter control 2 is at its right-hand end-point, and the three other stick functions are all at centre, then your
transmitter’s screen display should look like this:
1 3 5 7
2 4 6 8
–10 0%
0% 0%
0 % 0% 0% 0%
0 %
STICK CALIBRATION
0%
STICK CALIBRATION
0%
STICK CALIBRATION
+100%
STICK CALIBRATION
+100%
STICK CALIBRATION
0%
If this checking procedure shows a result of up to four times 0% and eight times 100% - depending on the number of your transmitter’s self-centring stick functions
- then the transmitter’s sticks are perfectly calibrated. You can conclude the procedure and - if you wish ­erase the model memory you have just created.
If this is not the case, move to the “Stick calibration” line of the “HIDDEN MODE” menu as described at the start of the preceding double page, and briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key:
With the arrow buttons  of the right-hand touch-key you can now select in turn the positions of the four stick planes to be calibrated, for example, those of the left / right plane of the right-hand stick:
Move the “left” flashing arrow marker to the left-hand end-point using the right-hand stick - again without exerting pressure …
… and briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key. In our example this completes the calibration of the “left-hand” end-point of the right-hand stick, and the circle in the centre of the stylised stick plane flashes to confirm this:
Now release the self-centring stick, so that it can take up its centre position, and again press briefly the central
SET button to calibrate the centre position. The “right”
triangular marker now starts to flash:
Now repeat the calibration procedure for the right-hand end-point of the right-hand stick. Repeat the procedure for the other stick planes.
Notes:
If you make a mistake in the calibration process, sim-• ply repeat the appropriate step.
Within any one stick plane each of the three calibra-• tion positions can be selected directly using the ar­row buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key.
Conclude the procedure by briefly pressing the central
ESC button of the left-hand touch-key, then quit the
“Stick calibration” sub-menu.
Description of transmitter
29
SENSOR SELECT
RECEIVER GENERAL MODULE
VARIO MODULE
ELECTRIC AIR.MOD
GPS
RX–S QUA: 100% RX–S ST : 100%
TX–dBm: 33dBm
RX–dBm: 33dBm
RX–VOLT:4.8 TMP
L–PACK: 10ms
R–LOW V:4.6 +22°C
GENERAL
ELECT. AIR
VARIO
GPS

RECEIVER

Telemetry data display

RECEIVER
RX–S QUA: 100% RX–S ST : 100%
TX–dBm: 33dBm
RX–dBm: 33dBm
RX–VOLT:4.8 TMP
L–PACK: 10ms
R–LOW V:4.6 +22°C
As described on page 150, as part of the “SENSOR SELECT” sub-menu of the “Telemetry” menu …
… the graphic displays of one or more sensors can be activated.
The “Receiver” display, and other graphic displays activated in accordance with your choice of sensors, is accessed from the transmitter’s base display by briefly pressing the or button of the left or right-hand touch-key:
You can switch between the displays for the sensors activated in the “SELECT SENSOR” sub-menu of the “Telemetry” menu by briefly pressing one of the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key …
30
Description of transmitter - Telemetry data display
… and selecting the line for the desired sensor after superimposing the Select window by pressing one of the two  buttons. If no sensor is currently active, all the other displays / sensors described in the following section are suppressed from the Select list, with the exception of the “RECEIVER” display, which is described in the next column:
If you wish, you can confirm your choice immediately after this by pressing the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key; alternatively you can simply wait until, after a brief interval, the selected display appears automatically.
Note: The displays are described below in the sequence which occurs when you press the button.
For more information on these modules please see the Appendix, or refer to the product on the Internet at www. graupner.de.
RECEIVER
This screen displays the data which can also be viewed in the “RX DATAVIEW” screen of the telemetry menu “SETTING & DATA VIEW” (see page 138), but in graphic form.
The meanings are as follows:
Value Explanation
RX-S QUA Signal quality in %
RX-S STR Signal strength in %
RX-dBm Receive performance in dBm
TX-dBm Transmit power in dBm
L-PACK Shows the longest period in ms
in which data packets were lost in transmission from transmitter to receiver
RX-VOLT Actual receiver operating voltage in
Volts
R-LOW V Lowest receiver operating voltage in
Volts since the last time it was switched on
TMP The thermometer indicates the
receiver’s current operating temperature

GENERAL MODUL

RECEIVER
GENERAL
ELECT. AIR
VARIO
GPS
0.0V
BAT1
BAT2
0.0V T2 0°C
T1 0°C
E FUEL F
CELL.V 1:0.00 2:0.00
3:0.00 4:0.00 5:0.00
6:0.00
0
0.0V
BAT1
BAT2
0.0V T2 0°C
T1 0°C
E FUEL F
ALT
0m 0m1 0m3
0.0A
POWER
0.0V
0
0.0V
0.0A 0mAh
0ml
0.0V 0°C
SENSOR 1
0.0V 0°C
SENSOR 2
This display visualises the data from a General-Engine module, Order No. 33610, or a General-Air module, Order No. 33611, connected to the receiver. For more information on these modules please see the Appendix, or refer to the product on the Internet at www.graupner. de.
Depending on the sensors connected to the modules, the following data may be generated constantly on the screen:
The actual voltage of up to two batteries (BAT1 and BAT2); the measurement results from up to two tem­perature sensors (T1 and T2); also a fluid level indicator
for the fueltank. At the right-hand margin you will see an alternating
display either of the actual cell voltages of a battery pack (up to six cells), or the current altitude relative to the pilot’s location, climb / descent in m/1 s and m/3 s, the actual current in Ampere and the actual voltage of the battery connected to the sensor.
The meanings are as follows:
Value Explanation
BAT1 / BAT2 Battery 1 / Battery 2
FUEL Fuel level / Fueltank indicator
E / F Empty / full
T1 / T2 Temperature of sensor 1 / sensor 2
CELL V Cell voltage of cell 1 … max. 6
ALT Current altitude
0m1 m/1 sec climb / descent
0m3 m/3 sec climb / descent
0.0V Actual voltage of drive battery
0.0A Actual current in Ampere
Battery and consumption display
This display visualises the actual voltage, the actual current drain and the consumed capacity of any bat­tery connected to the “Battery 1” socket of the General
Engine module (Order No. 33610) or the General Air module (Order No. 33611), or the consumed fuel in ml.
SENSOR 1
This display visualises the actual voltage and tempera­ture measured by a temperature / voltage sensor, Order No. 33612 or 33613, connected to the “T(EMP)1” socket of the General Engine module (Order No. 33610) or the General Air module (Order No. 33611).
SENSOR 2
This display visualises the actual voltage and tempera­ture measured by a temperature / voltage sensor, Order No. 33612 or 33613, connected to the “T(EMP)2” socket of the General Engine module (Order No. 33610) or the General Air module (Order No. 33611).
Description of transmitter - Telemetry data display
31
Rev-count sensor
rpm
0
0
0
0.0
0
m m
s
RECEIVER
GENERAL
ELECT. AIR
VARIO
GPS
0.0V 0m/3s
BAT1 0m/1s
BAT2
0.0V T2 0°C
T1 0°C
0 1L0.00 2L0.00
3L0.00 4L0.00 5L0.00
6L0.00
ALT 0m
7L0.00
0.0V 0A
0.0V 0m/3s
BAT1 0m/1s
BAT2
0.0V T2 0°C
T1 0°C
0 1H0.00 2H0.00
3H0.00 4H0.00 5H0.00
6H0.00
ALT 0m
7H0.00
0.0V 0A
0.0V
0.0A 0mAh

ELECTRIC AIR MODUL

m/1 s and m/3 s, and - in the centre of the screen - the actual current drawn from a power source.
At the right-hand margin you will see an alternating display of the actual cell voltages of the battery packs (up to seven cells) connected to balancer sockets 1 (L) or 2 (H).
The meanings are as follows:
This display visualises the rotational speed measured by a rev-count sensor, Order No. 33615 or 33616, con­nected to the General Engine module (Order No. 33610) or the General Air module (Order No. 33611).
Note: For correct display of rotational speed you must first set the appropriate number of blades by accessing the Telemetry menu for the sensor.
Vario
This display visualises the data for altitude in m relative to the location or launch point, and the actual climb / sink rate in m/s, generated by the integral vario in the General Engine module (Order No. 33610) or the Gen­eral Air module (Order No. 33611).
32
Description of transmitter - Telemetry data display
This display visualises the data from an Electric-Air module, Order No. 33620, connected to the receiver. For more information on this module please see the Appendix, or refer to the product on the Internet at www. graupner.de.
Depending on the sensors connected to the modules, the following data may be generated constantly on the screen:
The actual voltage of up to two batteries (BAT1 and BAT2); the measurement results from up to two temper­ature sensors (T1 and T2); the current altitude relative to the pilot’s location, the model’s climb / descent rate in
Value Value
V Actual voltage
A Actual current
BAT1 / BAT2 Battery 1 / Battery 2
ALT Current altitude
m/1s m/1 sec climb / descent
m/3s m/3 sec climb / descent
T1 / T2 Temperature at sensor 1 / 2
L / H Cell voltage of cell 1 … max. 14
L = balancer socket 1 H = balancer socket 2
BAT 1
This display visualises the actual voltage, the actual current drain and the consumed capacity of any battery connected to the “Battery 1” socket of the Electric Air module (Order No. 33620).
0.0V 0°C
SENSOR 1
0.0V 0°C
SENSOR 2
0.0
0
m m
s
RECEIVER
GENERAL
ELECT. AIR

VARIO

GPS
RXSQ
0
MAX 0m
MIN 0m
ALT 0
H
L
m/1s
0.0
m/3s
0.0
m/10s
0.0
0.0
0
m m
s
RECEIVER
GENERAL
ELECT. AIR
VARIO
GPS
SENSOR 1
This display visualises the actual voltage and tempera­ture measured by a temperature / voltage sensor, Order No. 33612 or 33613, connected to the “T(EMP)1” socket of the Electric Air module (Order No. 33620).
SENSOR 2
This display visualises the actual voltage and tempera­ture measured by a temperature / voltage sensor, Order No. 33612 or 33613, connected to the “T(EMP)2” socket of the Electric Air module (Order No. 33620).
Vario
This display visualises the data for altitude in m relative
to the location or launch point, and the actual climb / sink rate in m/s, generated by the integral vario in the Electric Air module (Order No. 33620).
VARIO
This display visualises the data from a Vario module, Order No. 33601, connected to the receiver.
The meanings are as follows:
Value Explanation
ALT Current altitude
RXSQ Signal strength of the signal picked up
by the receiver in %
MAX The pre-set altitude limit relative to
the launch point; above this altitude the transmitter emits audible warning signals
MIN The pre-set altitude limit below the
launch point; below this altitude the transmitter emits audible warning signals
m/1s m/1 sec climb / descent
m/3s m/3 sec climb / descent
m/10s m/10 sec climb / descent
H High
L Low
Vario
This display visualises the data for altitude in m relative to the location or launch point, and the actual climb / sink rate in m/s, generated by a Vario module (Order No.
33601) connected to the Telemetry socket of a receiver.
GPS
Description of transmitter - Telemetry data display
33
N
RXSQ 0 DIS 0m
ALT 0m
0.0m/1s 0m/3s
N 0°00.0000 E 0°00.0000
W
E
S
Kmh
0
This display visualises the data delivered by a GPS
0.0
0
m m
s
N
W
E
S
Kmh
0
km/h DIS
m
m/s ALT
m
0 0
0.0 0
module with integral vario, Order No. 33600, connected to the receiver.
In addition to the model’s current positional data and speed, shown in the centre of the screen, the display also includes the current altitude in relation to the launch point and the model’s climb / sink rate in m/1 s, m/3 s and m/10 s. The current reception quality and the mod­el’s distance from the launch point are also displayed.
The meanings are as follows:
Value Explanation
W / N / E / S West / North / East / South
Kmh Speed
RXSQ Signal strength of downlink channel
DIS Distance
ALT Current altitude relative to launch point
m/1s m/1 sec climb / descent
m/3s m/3 sec climb / descent
34
Description of transmitter - Telemetry data display
Vario
This display visualises the data for altitude in m relative to the location or launch point, and the actual climb / sink rate in m/s, generated by the integral vario in the GPS / Vario module (Order No. 33600).
GPS
This display visualises the data delivered by a GPS module with integral vario, Order No. 33600, connected to the receiver.
The meanings are as follows:
Value Explanation
W / N / E / S West / North / East / South
km/h Speed
DIS Horizontal distance in m
m/s Climb / descent in m/s
ALT Altitude relative to launch point in m
For your notes
35
BIND N/A
OK
RF ON/OFF?
OFF
ON
battery needs charging
fail safe setup t.b.d
MISSING
IMPORT
DATA
OK
throttle
too
high !
RF
MUST BE
OFF
OK
CAN‘T
RECEIVE
DATA
OK

On-screen warnings

SEL STO SYM ASY
no
student
signal
SD-CARD
INSERT
OK
TRAINER
Wireless Link
INHACT
Warnings
“Binding not present” No receiver is bound to the
currently active model mem­ory. A brief touch of the SET button takes you directly to the corresponding option.
Do you want the RF signal to be “ON” or “OFF?
Battery must be charged Operating voltage too low
Fail-Safe not yet set up
No suitable voice files found on the memory card
The throttle stick (or helicopter limiter) is set too far in the direction of full-throttle
Request to switch off the RF section
(voice files can only be loaded with the RF section switched off)
No connection between Teacher and Pupil transmitters
No SD or SDHC memory card in the card slot, or card cannot be read.
A “wireless Trainer connection” was used before the transmitter was last switched off; do you wish that con­nection to be continued (ACT), or switched OFF (INH)?
On-screen function fields
SEL, STO, SYM, ASY, , The bottom line of the screen displays function fields
which vary according to the menu selected.
The function fields are activated by touching the SET button.
Function fields
SEL• select STO• store (e. g. transmitter control position) SYM• adjust values symmetrically ASY• adjust values asymmetrically
• Switch symbol field (assigning switches of all kinds)
• Switch to second page (next menu) within a menu
Description of transmitter - On-screen warnings and function fields
36
No bound receiver in range.
#01
3:33h
stop flt
0:00 0:00
5.2V
HoTT
M

Position display

#01
3:33h
stop flt
0:00 0:00
5.5V
5.2V
HoTT
M
Rotary proportional controls CTRL 7 and 8 As soon as you operate one of the two rotary controls
CTRL 7 + 8 on the centre console, a small symbol ap­pears to the right of the two vertical position indicators:
At the same time the position display of the two central vertical bars switches for the duration of the actuation from the display of the current trim position to the cur­rent position of the rotary controls CTRL 7 + 8.
As you would expect, the left-hand bar represents the position of the left-hand rotary control CTRL 7, and the right-hand bar reflects the position of CTRL 8 (however, both horizontal bars continue to show the current posi­tion of the corresponding transmitter stick trim levers):

Input lock

To prevent programming errors, it is possible to lock the touch-keys, and with them access to all the set-up options, from the base display of the mx-16 HoTT transmitter by touching the ESC and SET buttons for about two seconds. This is indicated by an inverted key symbol at the centre point of the trim bars:
The lock is immediately active, but the control system remains ready for use.
Touching the ESC and SET buttons again for about two seconds disengages the lock: the next time you switch the transmitter on, the lock is also disengaged.
About two seconds after you cease operating one of the two rotary controls, the screen reverts to a display of the current position of the four trim levers for the two dual­axis stick units.
Description of transmitter - Position display and Input lock
37
RF ON/OFF?
OFF
ON
RF ON/OFF?
ON OFF
#01
0:33h
stop flt
0:00 0:00
0.0V
5.2V
HoTT
M
battery needs charging
Using the transmitter for the first time
Preliminary notes regarding the mx-16 HoTT transmitter
For more information please visit our Internet site at www.graupner.de
Preliminary notes
In theory the Graupner|SJ HoTT system permits the simultaneous operation of more than 200 models.
However, in practice the mixed operation of different technical systems in the 2.4 GHz ISM band - as required by the approval regulations - reduces this number considerably. Generally, however, it will always be pos­sible to operate even more models simultaneously on the 2.4 GHz band than on the 35 / 40 MHz frequency bands which we have used to date. However, the actual limiting factor - as it has always been - is likely to remain the size of the (air-) space available. The simple fact that no frequency control procedure is necessary - a great convenience in itself - equates to an enormous gain in safety, especially at flying sites where groups of pilots may be distributed over a large area, with nobody in overall control.
Battery charged?
When you take receipt of your transmitter, the battery will be in the discharged state, so you must first charge it as described on page 14. If you do not do this, the battery will soon fall below the pre-set threshold voltage, and you will see and hear a warning signal to remind you to recharge it. The threshold voltage can be adjusted in the “Battery warning threshold” line of the “Basic settings” menu; see page 134.
Switching the transmitter on
When you switch the transmitter on, the following display appears in the centre of the transmitter screen for about two seconds:
Using the transmitter for the first time
38
Within this period you can switch off the RF signal if required by moving the black field to the right using the or arrows of the right-hand touch-key; when you do this, ON should appear normal, and OFF in inverse form (black background).
You can now switch the RF module off by briefly press­ing the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key.
Until this point the central LED glowed blue, but it now changes to red, and at the same time the screen switch­es to the transmitter’s base display:
The symbol combination means that the currently ac­tive model memory is already “bound” to a Graupner|SJ HoTT receiver, but there is currently no connection with this receiver. (In our example we - of course - switched off the RF signal!)
In contrast, if you switch the transmitter on without switching off the RF signal, the central LED glows an intense blue, and the symbolic transmitter mast flashes. At the same time the transmitter emits an audible warn­ing until a connection is made with the corresponding receiver. Once this connection exists, a field strength
indicator appears instead of the “x” at the base of the symbolic aerial, for example , and the visual and audible warnings cease.
At the right of the same line a display in the same format appears when a telemetry connection is made, showing the strength of the telemetry signal picked up from the
receiver (>M
receiver power supply. However, if the symbol combination
the central LED glows a constant red, the currently ac­tive model memory is not “bound” to any receiver.
Low-voltage warning
If the transmitter voltage falls below a particular value, a visual and audible low-voltage warning is generated. The default value is 4.7 V, but this can be varied in the “Basic settings” menu (page 134).
Important notes:
The transmitter included in the set is prepared at • the factory with the correct settings for most Eu­ropean countries (except France).
If you wish to operate the RC system in France, you MUST first set the Country setting on the transmitter to “FRANCE” mode; see page 135. IT IS PROHIBITED to use the system IN FRANCE using the Universal / EUROPE mode!
You can operate up to eight servos using the • mx-16 HoTT transmitter and the receiver sup­plied in the set, which is already bound to the transmitter.
However, in the interest of maximum possi­ble flexibility, control channels 5 … 8 are not as­signed to transmitter controls by default; this also helps to eliminate the danger of inadvert-
) together with the actual voltage of the
appears, and
Updating the transmitter firmware
ently using them incorrectly. This means that any servos connected to these channels will simply “stay put” at their centre position until a trans­mitter control is assigned to the channel in ques­tion. For the same reason virtually all the mixers are inactive by default. For more details of this please refer to page 86 (fixed-wing model) or 88 (helicopter).
The basic procedure for programming a new • model memory can be found on page 66, and in the programming examples starting on page 164.
When switching on, binding or setting up the ra-• dio control system, please ensure at all times that the transmitter aerial is an adequate distance from the receiver aerials. If the transmitter aeri­al is too close to the receiver aerials, the receiver will be swamped, and the red LED on the receiv­er will begin to glow. At the same time the down­link channel will stop working. As a result the field strength bars on the transmitter screen are replaced by “x”, and the receiver battery voltage is displayed as 0.0 V. At the same time the radio control system switches to Fail-Safe mode, see page 136, i.e. the servos remain fixed in their cur­rent position for as long as reception is not pos­sible, and until a new, valid signal is picked up.
If this should happen, simply increase the dis­tance between transmitter and receiver until the displays revert to “normal”.
The transmitter firmware can be updated at the owner’s risk using either of two methods:
As described under “FIRMWARE UPDATE / Chang-• ing the screen language” in the section entitled “Hidden mode” on page 27.
As described in the next section, using the five-pin • mini-USB port on the back of the transmitter, in conjunction with a PC or laptop running Windows XP, Vista or 7.
Current software and information can be found in the Download section for the corresponding product at www. graupner.de.
Note: Once you have registered your transmitter at https:// www.graupner.de/en/service/product_registration you will automatically be informed of new updates by e-mail as they become available.
The easiest method of accessing the “corresponding” product page, as mentioned above, is to enter www. graupner.de in the address line of your Internet browser, and then press the ENTER button of your PC or laptop:
This takes you to the home page of the Graupner com­pany website, where you will find an input field at top right below the title “Suchen / Search”:
Place the mouse pointer in this field and then enter a search term, for example, the article number printed on the type placard on the back of your transmitter:
Using the transmitter for the first time - Updating the firmware
39
Press the ENTER key of the PC or laptop once more, and the page you require will appear:
of the download file initially tells you whether firmware updates are present, and the version numbers of the relevant firmware files also change.
If you now use the mouse to move your browser’s lateral scroll bar down a little, you will see the tabs “Features”, “Replacement parts”, “Accessories” and “Downloads”. Click on the “Download” tab to move to the Download area:
Using the transmitter for the first time - Updating the firmware
40
Select the required file(s) and start the downloading process by double-clicking on “Download” below the selected file.
Selecting “HoTT-Software VX” downloads the file “HoTT_Software_VX.zip”. This compressed file contains all the files required to update the transmitter, HoTT receiver, sensors, etc.
Please note: at the time of revising this manual the current version of the program package is version “4” ­“HoTT-Software V4”.
If the last update you loaded is version “V3” or older, all components of the radio control system MUST be updated to version “V4”. If you ignore this, you may encounter malfunctions in individual components. The same applies to future download packages “V5” or higher.
If individual firmware files change within a version “VX”, all you need to do is install the new, later firmware ver­sion for the corresponding product. The date of creation
Now save the file in a folder of your choice, and unpack it using a suitable program.
If a transmitter update does not function as described below, please continue reading the section entitled “Restoring the transmitter firmware” on page 43.

Updating the mx-16 HoTT software

To update the transmitter software you only need the USB lead supplied as standard with the USB interface, Order No. 7168.6. This can be plugged directly into the five-pin mini-USB socket on the back of the transmitter.
Important notes:
Please note that reliable communication between • your system’s HoTT components is only guaran­teed if the firmware is compatible. That is why the programs required to update all the HoTT compo­nents and files are grouped in a single file, which is currently named HoTT_Software_V4.zip”.
It is essential to check the state of charge of your •
transmitter battery before you carry out any up­date. For safety’s sake recharge it and back up all occupied model memories, so that you can re­store them if anything goes wrong.
The connection between the transmitter and the • PC or laptop must not be interrupted during the update process, so please ensure that there is re­liable contact between the transmitter and the computer.
Unpacking the program package1.
Unpack the file “HoTT_Software_VX.zip” into a con­venient folder. For example, you might name the fold­er “HoTT_Software_VX”, the “X” standing for the cur­rent version number.
Installing the driver2.
If you have not already done so, install the driver soft­ware which is included in the program package in the “USB driver” folder; this is necessary in order to use the transmitter’s integral USB port.
Start the driver installation by double-clicking on the corresponding file, and follow the instructions. Af­ter a successful installation the computer will need to be restarted. Note that the driver only has to be in­stalled once.
Connecting the transmitter to the PC3.
Connect the USB lead to the PC or laptop and the five-pin mini-USB socket on the back of the transmit­ter, with the transmitter switched off. Check that the USB lead is making solid contact.
4. Updating the mx-16 HoTT transmitter software
Start the program “Firmware_Upgrade_grStudio_Ver­X.X.exe”, which is now stored in the folder you have just named “HoTT_Software_VX” (or similar). (Note: version 1.9, which is current at the time this manu­al went to press, starts without being installed before­hand.):
Open the “Controller Menu” and click on “Port Select” in the “Upgrade” folder. Alternatively select the “Port Select” entry under “Menu”:
window, i.e. the port to which the USB interface is connected. You can recognise this by the name “Sil­icon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge” in the “De­vice Name” column. In the screen-shot above this would be the “COM 3” port.
Now call up the “Firmware Upgrade” option in the “Transmitter” folder under “Controller Menu”. Alter­natively select the “Firmware Upgrade” entry under “Menu”:
When you have called up the program, you will see the number “1” flashing red in the numeric row 1 … 7 at the top of the window, indicating that the program is currently operating at “[Process Step] 1”.
In each case the meaning of the currently flashing step is indicated immediately below the numeric row:
Now select the correct COM port in the “Port select”
Using the transmitter for the first time - Updating the firmware
For example, at Step 1: “Connect USB lead to PC and transmitter” and “Press File Browse button and select Update file”, as shown here.
41
Note: At any time you can call up an explanation of any step in the form of Quick-Info by positioning the mouse pointer over a number.
If you have not already done so, connect your trans­mitter to the PC or laptop at this point. Now click on the button marked “File Browse” and select the firmware update file matching your transmitter in the “Open file” dialogue which now appears; the file suf­fix will be “bin”.
In the case of the zip file “HoTT_Software_VX” which you have already downloaded and unpacked, this will usually be found in the folder “Official Ver­sion \ 33112_ …_ 33032_mx-xx_mc-32 \ SD card \ Firmware”, and is called “mx-16_1vXXX_German. bin” (or “… English.bin”). The file appears in the asso­ciated window. At the same time the “2” starts to flash red instead of the “1”.
The firmware files are encoded in a manner speci­fic to each product, i.e. if you accidentally select a file which does not match the product (e.g. receiver up­date file instead of transmitter update file), the pop­up window “Product code error” appears, and you will be unable to continue the update process.
Follow the instructions for “[Process Step] 2”. If you have not already done so, switch the transmitter on at this point, and then start the transmitter update by clicking on the “Download Start” button.
Shortly after this you will see a warning that the transmitter’s RF signal is being disabled: “RF will be switched OFF.” Before clicking on “Yes” you should therefore switch the receiving system off if it is cur­rently operating.
At this point the actual update process begins, and a progress bar starts to advance above the constantly changing lines of text. At the same time the flashing red number continues to indicate the current “Proc­ess Step”.
You must not interrupt the connection between the transmitter and the PC during the update process!
The update is finished when the progress bar reach­es the right-hand end, and the message “Firmware Download Success” appears. At the same time the [Process Steps] display moves on to “7” “Update Process Finish”:
Click on “OK”, then switch the transmitter off and fi­nally disconnect the lead between the transmitter and the PC or laptop.
If the progress bar fails to advance, or if the update process terminates before it reaches the 100% mark, close the program and repeat the update procedure, i.e. carry out each of the steps described above once more. If an update fails repeatedly, please read the following section.
If you accidentally attempt to load a version of the firmware which is correct, but older than the one cur­rently in the transmitter, the screen will display a cor­responding warning:
Unless you really want to load older firmware, click on “No” with the mouse, and load the correct *.bin file using the “File Browse” button.
Using the transmitter for the first time - Updating the firmware
42
Restoring the transmitter’s firmware
„Emergency“ program
Restoring the mx-16 HoTT transmitter software
If a transmitter firmware update should fail, or if the transmitter software “hangs” (in which case you may not be able to switch the transmitter off using the “POWER” switch), then you can restore the earlier firmware using the “Emergency” program segment.
If you switch the transmitter off, but the screen con­tinues to be active, then please set the switch to the “POWER=OFF” position, unplug the transmitter battery, wait a few seconds, then plug it in again - but leave the POWER switch at the “OFF” position!
Starting the “Emergency” program1.
Now move to the “Controller Menu” and select the “Emergency” entry under the heading “Transmitter”:
Ensure that the transmitter is switched off! Connect the USB lead to the PC or laptop, and to the USB socket on the back of the transmitter.
Restoring the 2. mx-16 transmitter software
Press the “File Browse” button and search for the current firmware in the program window which now opens; as mentioned earlier, you will find this in the “Official Version \ 33112_…_33032_mx-xx_mc-32 \ SD card \ Firmware” folder of the unpacked “HoTT_ Software_VX” file. The file matching the mx-16 transmitter is called: “mx-16_1vXXX_German.bin” (or “…English.bin”).
Now press the “Download Start” button to initiate the update process. Wait for a moment until the status
bar starts to advance, and only then switch the trans­mitter on. Don’t be surprised if the screen comes to life, but displays no information.
(If the progress bar reaches the right-hand end be­fore the transmitter is switched on, you will have to click on the “Download Start” button again.)
After you switch the transmitter on, there may well be a wait lasting a minute before the process actual­ly starts.
The progress bar indicates that the data transfer process is under way, and the screen displays [Proc­ess Step] “No 4, Firmware downloading …”.
Ensure that the USB lead is making reliable contact, and do not interrupt the update process.
The firmware transfer is finished when the progress bar reaches the right-hand end; you will then see the message “File Transfer Success” to indicate that the transfer has been successful.
Using the transmitter for the first time - Updating the firmware
The transmitter’s signal melody sounds, the trans­mitter screen switches itself on with the start display “mx-16 HoTT”, and the current firmware version is shown on the screen.
Finally click on “OK”. Switch the transmitter off, and disconnect the USB lead from the transmitter and the PC or laptop.
43
Using the receiver for the first time
red
1
2
3
Preliminary notes regarding the GR-16 receiver
For more information please visit the Internet at www.graupner.de.
Receiving system
The mx-16 HoTT radio control set includes a GR-16
2.4 GHz bi-directional receiver which is suitable for con­nection to a maximum of eight servos.
If you switch a HoTT receiver on, and “its” transmitter is switched off or not within range, the red LED on the receiver lights up steadily for about one second, and then starts to flash slowly. This means that no connec­tion with a Graupner|SJ HoTT transmitter exists (at this stage). When the connection is made, the green LED glows constantly, and the red LED goes out.
In order to create a connection, the Graupner|SJ HoTT receiver must first be “bound” to “its” model memory in “its” Graupner|SJ HoTT transmitter; this procedure is known as “binding”. However, binding is only necessary once for each receiver / model memory combination (see pages 80 or 88), and has been carried out at the factory for model memory 1 using the components sup­plied in the set. You therefore only need to carry out the “binding” process - as described later - with additional receivers, or if you switch to a different model memory. The procedure can also be repeated whenever you wish
- for instance, if you change the transmitter.
Receiver voltage display
Once a telemetry connection exists, the actual voltage of the receiver power supply is displayed on the right­hand side of the transmitter screen.
Temperature warning
If the temperature of the receiver falls below a limit value set on the receiver (the default is -10°C), or exceeds the upper warning threshold, which is also set on the receiver (the default is +55°C), the transmitter generates a warning in the form of steady beeps at intervals of
44
Using the receiver for the first time
about one second.
Servo connections and polarity
The servo sockets of Graupner|SJ HoTT receivers are numbered. The connector system is polarised: look for the small chamfers when inserting the connectors, and on no account force the plugs into the sockets.
The sockets marked “1+B-” and “6+B-” are intended for the connection of the battery. It is also possible to connect the appropriate servos to both these sockets in parallel with the power supply by using a Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11.
Do not connect the battery to these sockets with reversed polarity, as this is likely to ruin the receiver and any devices connected to it.
The power supply voltage is through-connected via all the numbered sockets. The function of each individual channel is determined by the transmitter you are using, rather than by the receiver. Example: the throttle servo socket is defined by the radio control system, and may differ according to the make and type.
In the case of Graupner radio control systems the throttle function is assigned to channels 1 or 6, whereas it is allocated to channel 3 in the case of Futaba radio control systems, for example.
Observe the installation notes regarding the receiver, re­ceiver aerial and servos, which you will find on page 52.
Concluding notes:
The much higher servo resolution of the HoTT sys-• tem results in a substantially more direct response compared with previous technologies. Please take a little time to become accustomed to the finer control characteristics offered by the system!
If you wish to use a speed controller with integral •
BEC* system in parallel with a separate receiver bat­tery, in most cases (depending on the speed control­ler) the positive terminal (red wire) must be removed from the three-pin connector, as shown in the dia­gram. Be sure to read the appropriate notes in the in­structions supplied with your speed controller before doing this.
Carefully raise the central lug of the connector slight-
ly (1), withdraw the red wire (2) and insulate the bare contact with tape to avoid possible short circuits (3).
Reset
To carry out a receiver reset, locate the SET button on the top of the receiver and hold it pressed in while you switch the receiver power supply on. Hold the receiver’s SET button pressed in until the green and the red LED goes out; this takes about four seconds.
If you carried out the reset with the transmitter switched off, or with an unbound receiver, the receiver LED will flash red slowly after a pause lasing about two seconds. At this point it is immediately possible to initiate a Bind process at the transmitter.
If the reset is carried out with an already bound receiver, if the transmitter is switched on, and if the associated model memory is active, then the LED lights up green after a short interval to indicate that your transmitter / receiving system is ready for use once more.
* Battery Elimination Circuit
Please note the following:
Resetting the receiver resets ALL the settings stored in the receiver to the default settings, with the exception of the binding information!
If you carry out a RESET by mistake, this means that you will have to restore all the receiver settings entered using the Telemetry menu.
On the other hand, a deliberate RESET is particu­larly useful if you wish to “re-house” a receiver in a different model, as it represents an easy method of avoiding the transference of unsuitable settings.
Using the receiver for the first time
45
Adapter lead Order No. 7168.6A
If a central red wire is present, cut through it

Firmware update of the receiver

Firmware updates for the receiver are carried out using the telemetry socket on the side of the receiver, in con­junction with a PC running Windows XP, Vista or 7. For this you require the optional USB interface, No. 7168.6 and the optional adapter lead, Order No. 7168.6S. The software and files also required for the process can be found in the Download area for the corresponding product at www.graupner.de.
Note: Once you have registered your transmitter at https:// www.graupner.de/en/service/product_registration you will automatically be informed of new updates by e-mail as they become available.
Updating the receiver firmware
Important notes:
Please note that reliable communication between • your system’s HoTT components is only guaran­teed if the firmware is compatible. That is why the programs required to update all the HoTT compo­nents and files are grouped in a single file, which is currently named HoTT_Software_V4.zip”.
It is essential to check the state of charge of your • receiver battery before you carry out any update. For safety’s sake recharge it before updating.
The connection between the receiver and the PC • or laptop must not be interrupted during the up­date process, so please ensure that there is reli­able contact between the receiver and the com­puter.
Updating the receiver firmware
46
Installing the driver1.
The driver software for the USB interface, Order No.
7168.6, is identical to the driver software of the inter­face fitted to the mx-16 transmitter. This means that the driver only has to be installed once; the proce­dure is described on page 39.
Connecting the receiver to the PC2.
Connect the USB interface, Order No. 7168.6 to the receiver socket marked “- + T” using the adapter lead, Order No. 7168.6S. The connectors are polarised: look for the small chamfer on the side. The connec­tors should engage easily; on no account use force.
Caution: If your adapter lead is of the earlier three-core type, first cut the central red wire in the adapter lead, Order No. 7168.6A.
Now connect the USB interface to the PC or laptop using the USB lead (PC USB / mini-USB) also sup­plied in the set. When the components are connected correctly, a red LED on the interface circuit board should light up red for a few seconds.
The receiver should be left switched off.
Firmware update3.
Start the program “Firmware_Upgrade_grStudio_Ver­X.X.exe” by double-clicking on it, as described for up­dating the transmitter software; see page 39. (Version
1.9, which is current at the time this manual went to
press, starts without being installed beforehand.):
Open the “Controller Menu” and click on “Port Select” in the “Upgrade” folder. Alternatively select the “Port Select” entry under “Menu”:
Now select the correct COM port in the “Port select” window, i.e. the port to which the USB interface is connected. You can recognise this by the name “Sil­icon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge” in the “De­vice Name” column. In the screen-shot above this would be the “COM 3” port.
Now call up the “HoTT Receiver” option in the “De­vice” folder under “Controller Menu”. Alternative­ly select the “HoTT Receiver Upgrade” entry under “Menu”:
When you have called up the program, you will see the number “1” flashing red in the numeric row 1 … 5 at the top of the window, indicating that the program is currently operating at “[Process Step] 1”.
In each case the meaning of the currently flashing step is indicated immediately below the numeric row:
For example, at Step 1: “Connect USB lead to HoTT receiver” and “Press File Browse button and select Update file”, as shown here.
Note: At any time you can call up an explanation of any step in the form of Quick-Info by positioning the mouse pointer over a number.
If you have not already done so, connect your receiv­er to the PC or laptop at this point. Now click on the button marked “File Browse” and select the firmware update file matching your receiver in the “Open file”
dialogue which now appears; the file suffix will be “bin”.
In the case of the zip file “HoTT_Software_VX” which you have already downloaded and unpacked, this will usually be found in the folder whose name starts with the Order Number of the receiver to be up­dated. If your receiver is the GR-16 which is sup­plied in the set as standard, this would be the folder “33508_8CH_RX”. The file appears in the associated window. At the same time the “2” starts to flash red:
Note: The firmware files are encoded in a manner specific to each product, i.e. if you accidentally select a file which does not match the product (e.g. transmitter update file instead of receiver update file), the pop-up window “Product code error” appears, and you will be unable to continue the update process.
Follow the instructions for “[Process Step] 2”. With the receiver still switched off, click on the “Download Start” button in the “HoTT Receiver Upgrade” window. (The display changes to “[Process Step] 3”.) Wait un­til the progress bar starts to advance; this may take several seconds, depending on your computer.
Only at this point should you switch the receiver on with the SET button pressed in. After a few seconds “Line 3” appears in the column “No” of the Status dis­play, with the message: “Found target device …”. Re-
lease the button at this point. The actual firmware update process now starts automatically: “11, Start Firmware upgrade…”.
If the device is not detected, a pop-up window ap­pears with the message “Target device ID not found”. If this should happen, check your update arrange­ments and try again:
In the Status display the progress of the firmware up­date is indicated by the progress bar.
During the update process the green and the red LED on the receiver glows a constant green and red.
You must not interrupt the connection between the transmitter and the PC during the update process!
The update is finished when the progress bar reach­es the right-hand end, and the message “12, Com­plete !!” appears in the bottom line of the Status dis­play. At the same time the [Process Steps] display moves on to “5”.
When the update is completed, the green LED goes out, and the red LED starts to flash.
If the process terminates before the 100% mark is
Updating the receiver firmware
47
reached, switch the receiver power supply off and re­peat the update procedure, i.e. carry out each of the steps described above once more.
If you accidentally attempt to load a version of the firmware which is correct, but older than the one cur­rently in the receiver, the screen will display a corre­sponding warning:
Unless you really want to load older firmware, click on “No” with the mouse, and load the correct *.bin file using the “File Browse” button.
Finally you MUST initialise the receiver, i.e. reset it to the factory default settings.
This is accomplished by switching the receiver off and removing the interface lead.
Initialising the receiver4.
In the interests of safety you should now re-initial­ise the receiver before re-using it. The screen-shot shown above indicates this:
Hold the SET button on the receiver pressed in while you switch the receiver on. The red and green LEDs flash four times, followed by a pause lasting about two seconds. At this point the red LED starts flash­ing on its own. At this point you can release the SET button.
Switch the transmitter on again, and wait until RF
transmission is active: about two or three seconds af­ter this the green LED of the bound receiver will glow constantly. If you have not yet bound the receiver to the transmitter, you can now do so as described on pages 80 and 88.
Important note:
With the exception of the binding information, all the receiver’s previously programmed settings are now reset to the default values. You must therefore enter the data again if necessary; see the section entitled “Reset” on page 44.
If you wish to “save” the data, you should run the program “Receiver Setup” before updating the re­ceiver. This will spare you the trouble of re-pro­gramming the receiver under the “Telemetry” menu.
Updating the receiver firmware
48
For your notes
49

Backing up receiver settings

Adapter lead Order No. 7168.6A
If a central red wire is present, cut through it
The “Receiver Setup” segment of the program “Firmware_Upgrade_grStudio” can be used to save all the data programmed in the receiver in a file on your computer, so that you can transfer the data set back into the receiver in an emergency; this eliminates the need to re-program the receiver using the “Telemetry” menu, as would otherwise be necessary.
We recommend that you call up the “Receiver Setup” program from the “Firmware_Upgrade_grStudio” pro­gram. Alternatively you can start the application directly. You will find the file “Receiver_Setup.exe” in the “Graup­ner_PC-Software” folder.
Note: If you call up “Receiver Setup” from the Firmware_Up­grade program, ensure that the sub-program “Re­ceiver_Setup.exe” is located in the same folder as the “Firmware_Upgrade_grStudio” program; see the screen-shot above!
For this program you need the USB interface, Order No.
7168.6, and the interface lead, Order No. 7168.S, sup- plied in the mx-16 radio control set, Order No. 33116.
Backing up receiver settings
Connecting the receiver to the PC1.
With the receiver switched off, connect the USB in­terface, Order No. 7168.6, to the socket marked “-+T” on the receiver using the adapter lead, Order No.
7168.6S.
Backing up receiver settings
50
The connector system is polarised: note the small chamfers on the edges. Do not use force under any circumstances; the plugs should engage easily.
Caution: If you are using the - earlier - adapter lead, Order No. 7168.6A, and this is fitted with a three-core lead, cut through the central red wire of the adapter lead before using it.
Now connect the USB interface to the PC or lap­top using the USB lead supplied in the set (PC-USB / mini-USB). If connected correctly, a red LED on the interface circuit board should light up.
The receiver should be left switched off at this point.
Receiver Setup: selecting the port2.
Start the program “Firmware_Upgrade_grStudio_ Ver-X.X.exe” by double-clicking on it, as described for updating the transmitter software (see page 41). (Version 1.9, which is current at the time this manu­al went to press, starts without being installed before­hand.)
Open the “Controller Menu” and click on “Receiver Setup” in the “Upgrade / Link” folder. Alternatively se­lect the “Receiver Setup” entry under “Menu”.
A program window now appears, in which you should start by setting the “correct” COM port for the USB in­terface, Order No. 7168.6. If you are not sure of this, check the COM port in the “Port select” window in the “Controller Menu” (see earlier), and note the Com
port number at the entry “Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge”. In accordance with the previous up­date descriptions this would be the port “COM 3”.
(If you select the wrong port, the program will alert you to the error.)
Reading out receiver data3.
Click on the “Connect” button and wait until the Sta­tus bar below it starts to advance:
Locate the SET button on the receiver and hold it pressed in while you switch it on. After about three seconds the receiver’s current values will be dis­played in the corresponding fields. If the progress bar is “faster than you are”, and reaches the end before you have switched the receiver on, the pop-up win­dow shown here appears. In this case repeat the pro­cedure.
the process is complete, this message appears:
Click on “OK” to close the window. You can now reset the receiver to the default settings,
as mentioned earlier and described on page 44.
the Download area for the mx-16 on the Graup­ner website.
A separate manual for the whole “Firmware_Up-• grade_grStudio_Ver-X.X” program package is in preparation, and will be updated constantly as soon as new options are available.
Important:
The active connection is terminated using the “Dis­connect” button, but you should only do this if you wish to initialise the receiver directly, as described on page 44 or 48, and do not wish to overwrite it with a data set you have already saved.
Saving receiver data4.
The “File Save” button backs up the current servo configuration on the PC.
The Windows “Save as” dialogue now opens:
First select a folder of your choice in which to save the file, and enter under “File name” an appropri­ate and unambiguous name, so that you can easily find the file again at a later date. The program auto­matically appends the file suffix “rdf”. The data set is backed up when you click on the “Save” button. When
Copying a data set to the receiver
You can re-load the backed-up data into the receiver using the “File Load” function of the Receiver Setup program.
The first step is to connect the receiver as described under point 3 “Reading out receiver data”, and click on the “Connect” button. Assuming that the receiver has been previously initialised, the program reads out the default settings.
Now select the desired “rdf” file from the appropriate folder and click on “OK” in the “File Load” pop-up win­dow. Click on the “Write” button to transfer the data to the receiver connected to the PC.
When the data transfer is complete, the pop-up window “Receiver Data Write Success” appears.
Finally you can click on “OK” to confirm the action, then on the “Disconnect” button to disconnect the Receiver Setup program from the receiver.
Important notes:
The “Receiver Setup” program includes addition-• al functions which are currently still in prepara­tion; they must not be used at present. You can find out about the latest state of the software in
Backing up receiver settings
51
Servo mounting lug
Retaining screw
Rubber grommet
Tubular brass spacer

Installation Notes

Installing the receiver

Regardless of which Graupner receiving system you are using, the procedure is always the same:
Please note that the receiver aerials must be arranged at least 5 cm away from all large metal parts and leads which are not attached or connected directly to the receiver. This includes steel and carbon fibre compo­nents, servos, fuel pumps, cables of all sorts, etc. Ideally the receiver should be installed in an easily accessible position in the model, away from all other installed components. Under no circumstances run servo leads immediately adjacent to the receiver aerials, far less coil them round it!
Tests have shown that a vertical (upright) position of a single aerial produces the best results when long ap­proaches are flown with a model. If the receiver features a diversity aerial system (two aerials), the second aerial should be deployed at an angle of 90° to the first.
The servo sockets of Graupner receivers are numbered. The power supply is through-connected via all the num­bered sockets, and in principle can be connected to any of the servo sockets. It is also possible to connect the power supply via a Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11, in parallel with a servo.
The function of each individual channel is determined by the transmitter in use, rather than by the receiver. However, it is possible to alter the channel assignment (mapping) by changing the programming in the Telem­etry menu. Nevertheless, we recommend that you carry out this process using the “Receiver output” option; see page 79 or 87.
The following section contains notes and helpful ideas on installing radio control components in the model:
Wrap the receiver in foam rubber at least 6 mm thick. 1. Fix the foam round the receiver using rubber bands, to protect it from vibration, hard landings and crash damage.
All switches must be installed in a position where 2. they will not be affected by exhaust gases or vibra­tion. The switch toggle must be free to move over its full range of travel.
Always install servos using the vibration-damping 3. grommets and tubular metal spacers supplied. The rubber grommets provide some degree of protection from mechanical shock and severe vibration. Don’t over-tighten the servo retaining screws, as this will compress the grommets and thereby reduce the vi­bration protection they afford. The system offers good security and vibration protection for your servos, but only if the servo retaining screws are fitted and tight­ened properly. The drawing below shows how to in­stall a servo correctly. The brass spacers should be pushed into the rubber grommets from the underside.
chanical linkage can obstruct the servo’s movement.
The sequence in which the servos are connected to the receiver is dictated by the model type. Please see the socket assignments listed on pages 61 / 62 and 65.
Be sure to read the additional safety notes on pages 4 … 9.
If the receiver is ever switched on when the transmitter is off, the servos may carry out uncontrolled movements. You can avoid this by switching the system on in this order:
Always switch the transmitter on first,
then the receiver.
When switching the system off:
Always switch the receiver off first,
then the transmitter.
When programming the transmitter you must always ensure that any electric motors in the system cannot possibly burst into life accidentally, and that an I.C. engine fitted with an automatic starter cannot start unintentionally. In the interests of safety it is always best to disconnect the flight battery, or cut off the fuel supply.
Installation Notes
52
The servo output arms must be free to move over 4. their full arc of travel. Ensure that no parts of the me-

Receiving system power supply

Auxiliary function
Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11
PRX stabilised receiver power supply, Order No. 4136
A reliable power supply is one of the basic essentials for reliable model control. Free-moving pushrods, a fully­charged battery, battery connecting leads of adequate cross-section, minimal transfer resistance at the connec­tors etc. all help to minimise energy consumption, but if you have attended to all this, and the receiver volt­age displayed on the transmitter screen still collapses repeatedly, or is generally (too) low, then please note the following:
The first point to check is that your batteries are always fully charged at the start of each flying session. Check that contacts and switches are low in resistance. It is a good idea to measure the voltage drop over the installed switch harness under load, as even a new, heavy-duty switch can cause a voltage drop of up to 0.2 Volt. Ageing effects and oxidation of the contacts can increase this several times over. Constant vibration and movement at the contacts also “gnaws away” at the contacts, and tends to produce a creeping increase in transfer resist­ance.
It is also true that even small servos, such as the Graup- ner/JR DS-281, can draw currents of up to 0.75 Ampere when stalled (mechanically obstructed). Just four servos of this type in a “foamy” can therefore place a load of up to 3 Amps on the airborne power supply ...
For this reason you should always choose a receiver battery which constantly delivers an adequate voltage, i. e. which does not collapse under severe load. To “cal­culate” the necessary battery capacity we recommend as a starting point that you provide 350 mAh for each analogue servo, and at least 500 mAh for each digital servo.
For example, a 1400 mAh battery would represent an absolute minimum as the power supply for a receiving
system with a total of four analogue servos. When mak­ing your calculations, however, please bear the receiver in mind as well, as it draws a current of around 70 mA due to its bi-directional function.
Regardless of these considerations, it is generally advis­able to connect the power supply to the receiver using two leads: lead “1” is connected to the 6+B receiver socket in the usual way, and lead “2” to the opposite socket, marked 1+B, at the other end of the receiver socket bank. For example, you could use a switch or voltage regulator with two power supply leads running to the receiver. You might install a Y-lead, Order No.
3936.11, between lead and receiver, as shown in the diagram below, if you wish to use one or both of the receiver sockets to connect a servo, speed controller, etc. The dual connection at the switch or voltage regu­lator not only reduces the risk of a cable fracture, but also ensures a more even energy supply to the servos connected to the receiver.
Four-cell NiMH battery packs
Traditional four-cell packs are a good choice for power­ing your Graupner|SJ HoTT receiving system, provided that you observe the conditions described above, i. e. you must ensure that the packs have adequate capacity and maintain their voltage well.
Five-cell NiMH battery packs
Five-cell batteries offer a wider margin of safety in terms of voltage compared with four-cell packs. However,
please note that not all servos available on the market can tolerate the voltage of a five-cell pack (in the long­term), especially when the battery is freshly charged. For example, many of these servos respond to the high voltage with a clearly audible “rumble”.
It is therefore important to check the specification of the servos you intend to use before you make the decision to use five-cell packs.
Two-cell LiFe 6.6 V batteries
Taking into account the current situation, these new cells are now regarded as the optimum choice for receiver packs.
LiFe cells are also available in plastic hard-case hous­ings, to protect them from mechanical damage. Like LiPo cells, LiFe cells can be fast-charged in conjunction with a suitable battery charger, and are comparatively robust.
It is also true that a much higher number of charge / discharge cycles is attributed to this cell type than, for example, to LiPo cells. The nominal voltage of 6.6 Volt of a two-cell LiFe pack presents no problems to Graupner|SJ HoTT receivers, nor to those servos, speed controllers, gyros, etc. which are expressly approved for use at these higher voltages. Please note, however,
that virtually all servos, speed controllers, gyros etc. sold in the past, and also most of those currently available, are only approved for use on an operating voltage in the range 4.8 to 6 Volt. If you wish to con-
nect these devices to the receiver, it is essential to use a stabilised regulated power supply, such as the PRX, Order No. 4136; see Appendix. If you neglect this, there is a danger that the connected devices will quickly suffer permanent damage.
Installation Notes
53
Two-cell LiPo battery packs
For a given capacity LiPo batteries are lighter than NiMH batteries. To protect them from mechanical damage LiPo batteries are also available in plastic hard-case hous­ings. Moreover LiPo batteries only have a limited ability to be fast-charged, and generally do not survive such a high number of charge / discharge cycles as is claimed for other batteries, such as Nanophosphate® types. The comparatively high nominal voltage of 7.4 Volt of a two-cell LiPo pack presents no problems to Graupner|SJ HoTT receivers, nor to those servos, speed control­lers, gyros, etc. which are expressly approved for use at these higher voltages. Please note, however, that
virtually all servos, speed controllers, gyros etc. sold in the past, and also most of those currently available, are only approved for use on an operating voltage in the range 4.8 to 6 Volt. If you wish to con-
nect these devices to the receiver, it is essential to use a stabilised regulated power supply, such as the PRX, Order No. 4136; see Appendix. If you neglect this, there is a danger that the connected devices will quickly suffer permanent damage.
Installation Notes
54
For your notes
55
Definition of terms
Control functions, transmitter controls, function inputs, control channels, mixers, switches, control switches
To make it easier for you to understand the mx-16 HoTT manual, the following section contains definitions of many terms which crop up again and again in the remainder of the text.
Control function
The term “control function” can be thought of as the signal generated for a particular function which needs to be controlled - initially independent of its subsequent progress through the transmitter. In the case of fixed­wing model aircraft the control functions include throttle, rudder and aileron, whereas collective pitch, roll and pitch-axis are typical of those used for helicopters. The signal of a control function may be assigned directly, or to several control channels simultaneously via mixers. A typical example of the latter is separate aileron ser­vos, or pairs of roll-axis or pitch-axis servos in a model helicopter. The essential feature of a control function is its influence on the mechanical travel of the corresponding servo.
Transmitter control
The term “transmitter control” refers to the mechanical elements on the transmitter which are operated directly by the pilot. Their movements in turn generate corre­sponding movements in the servos, speed controllers etc. at the receiver end. The transmitter controls include the following:
The two dual-axis stick units for the control functions • 1 to 4; for both model types (“fixed-wing” and “helicop­ter”) these four functions can be interchanged in any way you wish using the “Mode” function, e. g. throttle left or right, without having to re-connect the servos. The dual-axis stick function for throttle (or airbrakes) is often referred to as the Ch 1 (Channel 1) control.
The three rotary proportional controls CTRL 6, 7 + 8•
Definition of terms
56
The switches SW 4/5 and 6/7, and CTRL 9 and 10• The switches SW 1 … 3, plus 8 and 9, if they have •
been assigned to a control channel in the “Transmit- ter control settings” menu.
When a proportional transmitter control is operated, the servo or servos follow the position of the control directly, whereas a switched channel provides just the two or three set servo positions.
Function input
This is an imaginary point on the signal path, and must not be considered the same as the point on the circuit board where the transmitter control is connected! The two menus “Stick mode” and “Transmitter control settings” affect the course of the signal “after” this point, and it is possible (and likely) that there will be differences between the number of the transmitter control (as stated above) and the number of the subsequent control chan­nel.
Control channel
There is a point on the signal path where the signal con­tains all the control information required for a particular servo – this may be directly generated by a transmitter control or indirectly via a mixer – and from this point on we call the signal a “control channel”. This signal is only affected by any adjustments carried out in the “Servo settings” menu before leaving the transmitter via the RF module. Once picked up at the receiver, this signal may be modified by any settings made in the Telemetry menu before finally passing to the corresponding servo in the model.
Mixer
The transmitter’s software includes a wide range of mixer functions. Their purpose is to enable a control function to
affect multiple servos at the branching point of the mixer input, or alternatively to allow several control functions to affect one servo. For more information please refer to the numerous mixer functions as described in the section starting on page 108 of the manual.
Switch
The three standard switches SW 2, 3 and 8, the two three-position switches SW 4/5 and 6/7 and the two momentary buttons SW 1 and 9 can also be incorpo­rated into the programming of the transmitter controls. However, all these switches are also generally intended for switching program options, e. g. starting and stopping timers, switching mixers on and off, transferring control in Trainer mode etc. Each physical switch function can be assigned to as many functions as you wish. Numerous examples are described in the manual.
Transmitter control switch
It is often desirable to switch a function on or off auto­matically at a particular position of another transmitter control, e. g. at a defined position of one of the dual-axis sticks. Typical examples are switching a stopwatch on and off to allow you to record the motor run time, extend­ing spoilers automatically (and many others). The mx- 16 HoTT software includes a total of two (three - for helicopters) “control switches” of this type.
Two transmitter control switches are available for the Ch 1 stick in each model memory, both for fixed-wing model aircraft and helicopters. For helicopters a third is present in the form of the throttle limiter; see the right-hand side and page 86.
This manual includes a range of instructive examples which make programming as simple as child’s play. Please refer to the programming examples in the section starting on page 164.

Assigning switches and control switches

push desired switch into position ON
The basic procedure
At many points in the program there is the option of using a switch (SW 1 … 9) or a control switch (G1 … 3; see below) to operate a function, or to switch between settings, such as the DUAL RATE / EXPO function, flight phase programming, mixers and more. The mx-16 HoTT allows you to assign several functions to a single switch.
The process of assigning switches is exactly the same in all the relevant menus, and we will explain the basic programming procedure at this point so that you can concentrate on the special features when reading the detailed menu descriptions.
A switch symbol appears in the bottom line of the screen at all programming points where switches can be as­signed:
Move to the appropriate column using the arrow buttons of the left or right touch-key.
This is the procedure for assigning a switch:
Briefly press the 1. SET button of the right-hand touch­key. The following message appears on the screen:
Now simply move the switch you wish to use to the 2. “ON” position, press the push-button, or move the Ch 1 stick from the “OFF” position in the direction of “ON”. Please note: the so-called control switches as­signed to this transmitter control (see right) carry out the task of an ON / OFF switch in software; the same applies to the throttle limiter (see page 99) which is available in the “Helicopter” model type. This com­pletes the assignment process.
Changing the direction of switching:
If the switch turns out to work in the wrong direction, you can correct it as follows: move the switch to the desired OFF position, activate switch assignment once more and assign the switch again, this time with the switch direction you prefer.
Erasing a switch:
Activate the switch symbol as described under Point 2, then briefly press the button combination  or  of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) simultaneously
Transmitter control switches
Many functions are best controlled automatically by a particular (freely programmable) position of the Ch 1 transmitter stick (or the throttle limiter in the case of heli­copters), rather than by a conventional physical switch.
Typical applications:
Automatically switching an on-board glowplug ener-• gizer on and off according to the throttle position of the Ch 1 stick (“G1” or “G2”). In this case the switch for the plug energizer is controlled by a mixer at the transmitter.
Automatically switching a stopwatch on and off to • record the pure “flight time” of a model helicopter; this is accomplished using the “G3” switch of the throt­tle limiter.
Automatically switching the “AIL •  RUD” mixer off when the airbrakes are extended, in order to keep the wings parallel with the ground when landing on a slope face, without the (usually coupled) rudder af­fecting the model’s heading.
Automatically extending landing flaps with coupled el-• evator trim adjustment on the landing approach, as
soon as the throttle stick is reduced below the set threshold point.
Automatically switching a stopwatch on and off in or-• der to time the run of an electric motor.
For both model types the mx-16 HoTT transmitter’s software caters for these purposes with two “control switches” of this type; they can be assigned to the Ch 1 stick: “G1” is switched on at around -80% of full travel, while “G2” is switched on at around +80%. The Helicop­ter program also includes an extra control switch “G3” on the throttle limiter close to the 100% point; see page 99.
All these control switches can be included without restriction in the free programming of the switches, i. e. they can be assigned to a function instead of a physical switch. This means that you are able to assign one of the control switches G1 … G2 (or G1 … G3) instead of a physical switch at any point in the software where switches are assigned. All you have to do is move the Ch 1 stick or the throttle limiter control (by default the rotary proportional control CTRL 6) from the desired “OFF” position in the direction of “ON”.
Assigning switches and control switches
57

Digital trims

stop flt
M
CTRL 6
Current trim position
Trim at motor OFF position
Last idle position
Throttle limit control
stop flt
M
CTRL 6
Throttle limit control
stop flt
Current trim position
M
Trim at motor OFF position
Last idle position
Idle direction
Ch 1 trim lever
Description of function, and Ch 1 cut-off trim
Digital trims with visual and audible indicators
Both the dual-axis stick units are fitted with digital trim systems. When you give the trim lever a brief push (one “click”), the neutral position of the associated stick chan­nel changes by one increment. If you hold the trim lever in one direction, the trim value changes continuously in the corresponding direction with increasing speed.
The degree of trim offset is also “audible”, as the pitch of the tone changes to reflect the setting. When you are fly­ing a model, you can find the trim centre position easily without having to look at the screen: if you over-run the centre setting, the trim stays in the centre position for a moment.
The current trim values are automatically stored when you switch from one model memory to another. The dig­ital trims are also stored separately for each flight phase within a model memory, with the exception of the “Ch 1” (Channel 1) trim, which is the throttle / airbrake trim on a fixed-wing model.
The Ch 1 trim includes another special function which makes it easy to re-locate the idle throttle setting of a glowplug motor.
However, since the trim functions described in these instructions only affect the “Motor off” direction, the trim display on the transmitter’s screen will vary according to your individual set stick mode, i. e. the “forward” or “back” throttle / collective pitch minimum position of the Ch 1 stick, and also according to “left stick” or “right stick” for throttle / collective pitch. The illustrations in these instructions always refer to “Throttle / Collective pitch right” for both model types, and to “Throttle back” for fixed-wing models and “Collective pitch forward” for model helicopters.
Digital trims
58
1. Fixed-wing models
The Ch 1 trim features a special cut-off trim which is designed for glowplug motors: you initially use the trim lever in the usual way to select a reliable idle setting for the motor.
If you now move the Ch 1 trim lever to its end-point in the direction of “motor cut-off”, pushing the lever in a single movement, a marker appears on the screen in the last position. You can now return to the idle setting for
2. Model helicopters
In helicopter mode the Ch 1 trim has another feature in addition to “cut-off trim”, as described under “Fixed-wing models” on the left; this time in conjunction with the “Throttle limit function” (see page 99): while the throttle limit slider is in the bottom half of its travel, i. e. in the “start-up range”, the Ch 1 trim lever acts as idle trim on the throttle limit, and the idle trim is displayed on the screen:
starting the motor simply by pushing the stick one click in the direction of “open throttle”.
In contrast to a fixed-wing model aircraft, this display is suppressed if the throttle limit control is moved to the “right” half of its travel.
The cut-off trim feature is disabled if you enter “none” or “none / inv” in the “Motor at Ch 1” line within the “Base settings” menu (page 74 / 75).
Note: Since this trim function is only effective in the “Mo­tor off” direction, the above illustration will not apply if you change the direction of the Ch 1 stick for throttle minimum from “back” (which is reflected in the illustra­tion above) to “forward” in the “Motor at Ch1” line of the “Base settings” menu.
Note regarding helicopters: The Ch 1 trim only affects the throttle servo and not the collective pitch servos; it also works evenly over the full stick travel. Please note that the helicopter throttle servo must be connected to receiver output 6 (see Receiver socket assignment, page 65).
For your notes
59

Fixed-wing model aircraft

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This program provides convenient support for normal model aircraft with up to two aileron servos and two flap servos, V-tail models, flying wings and deltas with two elevon (aileron / elevator) servos and two flap servos.
The majority of power models and gliders belong to the “normal” tail type with one servo each for elevator, rud­der, ailerons and throttle or electronic speed controller (airbrakes on a glider). There is also the special model type “2 EL Sv” which provides a means of connecting two elevator servos to channels 3 and 8 in parallel.
If your model features two separate aileron servos (and also in some cases two flap servos), the aileron travel of both pairs of control surfaces can be set up with dif­ferential movement in the “Wing mixers” menu, i. e. the down-travel can be set independently of the up-travel.
Finally the program caters for camber-changing flaps, which can be operated by any of the transmitter controls “CTRL 6 … 10”. Alternatively a phase-specific trim is available for flaps, ailerons and elevator in the “Phase trim” menu.
If the model features a V-tail instead of a conventional
tail, you need to select the tail type “V-tail” in the “Base settings” menu, as this automatically superimposes the elevator and rudder control functions in such a way that each tail panel can be actuated by a separate servo.
For deltas and flying wings it is easy to set up mixed elevons, i. e. the aileron and elevator functions can be carried out via common control surfaces at the trailing edge of the right and left wing. As standard the program contains the appropriate mixer functions for the two servos.
Up to four flight phases can be programmed in each of the twenty model memories.
The digital trim positions are stored separately for each flight phase, with the exception of the Ch 1 trim. The Ch 1 trim provides a simple means of re-locating the correct idle throttle setting.
Two timers are available at all times when flying. The screen also displays the transmitter operating time since the battery was last charged.
All the transmitter controls (CTRL) and switches (SW) can be assigned to virtually any of the inputs 5 … 8 in the “Transmitter control settings” menu.
“Dual Rate” and “Exponential” can be programmed separately for aileron, rudder and elevator, giving two modes of control.
Depending on the model type you have selected, the “Wing mixers” menu presents you with up to twelve additional pre-defined mixers and coupling functions which you can simply select and set up when necessary, in addition to three free mixers:
1. Aileron differential (switchable)
2. Flap differential (switchable)
3. Aileron rudder (switchable)
4. Aileron flap (switchable)
5. Airbrake elevator (switchable)
6. Airbrake flap (switchable)
7. Airbrake aileron (switchable)
8. Elevator flap (switchable)
9. Elevator aileron (switchable)
10. Flap elevator (switchable)
11. Flap aileron (switchable)
12. Differential reduction
Fixed-wing model aircraft
60
Receiver socket assignment for models with up to two ailerons and two flaps, plus “normal” tail type, V-tail,
Servo
48 V
C 577
Bes Nr 4101
Receiver battery
Switch harness
Telemetry sensor
Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11
Receiver
and two elevator servos (3 + 8)
8 = 2nd elevator / aux. function
7 = Right flap / reserve
6 = Flap / left flap / reserve
5 = Right aileron / reserve
4 = Rudder / right V-tail
3 = Elevator / left V-tail
2 = Aileron / left aileron
1 = Throttle / brake
Installation notes
The servos MUST be connected to the receiver outputs in the following order:
Outputs not required are simply left vacant. Please note the following points in particular:
If you are using only one aileron servo, receiver • output 5 (right aileron) is left unused; it can also be used for another purpose if you select “1 AIL” in the “Base settings” menu.
If you are using only one flap servo, receiver output 7 • (right flap) MUST be left unused, assuming that you have selected “2 FL” in the “Base settings” menu.
Please also read the information on the following pages.
Fixed-wing models: receiver assignment
61
Receiver socket assignment for models of the “Delta / Flying wing” type, with up to two flaps
Se vo
48 V
C 577
Bes Nr 4101
Receiver battery
Switch harness
Telemetry sensor
Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11
Receiver
8 = Auxiliary function
7 = Right flap / reserve
6 = Flap / left flap / reserve
5 = Reserve function
4 = Rudder
3 = Right elevon
2 = Left elevon
1 = Throttle / brake
As there are several possible combinations of servo orientation and control surface linkage, you may find that the direction of rotation of one or more servos is incor­rect. Use the following table to solve the problem.
Model
type
V-tail Rudder and elevator
Delta, flying wing
Servo rotating in
wrong direction
reversed
Rudder correct, elevator reversed
Elevator correct, rudder reversed
Elevator and ailerons reversed
Elevator correct, ailerons reversed
Ailerons correct, elevator reversed
Remedy
Reverse servos 3 + 4 in the “servo set.” menu
Swap over servos 3 + 4 at the receiver
Reverse servos 3 + 4 in the “servo set.” menu, AND swap over at the receiver
Reverse servos 2 + 3 in the “servo set.” menu
Reverse servos 2 + 3 in the “servo set.” menu, AND swap over at the receiver
Swap over servos 2 + 3 at the receiver
All menus which are relevant to fixed-wing models are marked with an “aeroplane” symbol in the “Program descriptions”:
Fixed-wing models: receiver assignment
62
This means that you can easily skip irrelevant menus when programming a fixed-wing model aircraft.
For your notes
63

Model helicopters

Collective
Pitch Curve
Channel 1
Throttle
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
1
T
a
i
l
R
o
t
o
r
The continued development of model helicopters and helicopter components, such as gyros, speed governors, rotor blades etc., has led to the current position where helicopters are capable of sophisticated 3-D aerobatics. In contrast, if you are a beginner to helicopter flying, you need a simple set-up so that you can quickly get started on the initial stages of hovering practice, and then gradually learn to exploit all the options provided by the mx-16 HoTT.
The helicopter program of the mx-16 HoTT can cope with all current model helicopters equipped with 1 … 4 servos for collective pitch control, entirely regardless of whether they are powered by a fuel-driven or electric motor.
Each model memory can include three flight phases plus auto-rotation.
Two timers are constantly included in the basic screen display. At the same time the period which has elapsed since the last charge process is also displayed.
You can return to the correct idle position for the digital Ch 1 trim simply by pressing a button.
“Dual Rate” and “Exponential” are available for roll, pitch-axis and tail rotor; they can be coupled together, and programmed to provide two settings.
All the transmitter controls (CTRL) and switches (SW) can be assigned to inputs 5 … 8 in virtually any order. This is carried out in the “Transmitter control settings” menu.
In addition to three linear mixers, which can be assigned to any functions and can also be switched on and off, the “Helicopter mixers” menu provides five-point curves for the collective pitch, throttle and tail rotor mixers, variable separately for each flight phase; these provide non-linear mixer characteristics.
1. Collective pitch
2. Ch 1 throttle
3. Ch 1 tail rotor Such advanced features are not needed by the begin-
ner, who will initially simply set the hover point to coin-
cide with the centre point of the stick arc, and adjust the collective pitch travel as required.
Moreover the “Heli mixers” menu offers two additional set-up options in the lines “Gyro” and “Inp8”, plus a “swashplate limiter”.
The mixer inputs for collective pitch, roll and pitch-axis can then be adjusted in the “Swashplate mixers” menu.
The throttle limit function in the “Transmitter control settings” menu provides an effective means of starting the motor in any flight phase. By default the proportional rotary control CTRL 7 is assigned to this input, and this control function determines the maximum throttle servo position, i. e. the trim lever controls the motor over the idle range. Only when this rotary knob is turned in the di­rection of full-throttle do the programmed throttle curves take effect. If you have set up the two timers, they also start recording the flight time automatically at this point. See page 99 for more information on this.
Model helicopters
64
Note for modellers upgrading from earlier Graupner
Se vo
48 V
C 577
Bes Nr 410
Receiver battery
Switch harness
Telemetry sensor
Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11
Receiver
systems:
Compared with the previous receiver channel sequence, servo socket 1 (collective pitch servo) and servo socket 6 (throttle servo) have been interchanged. The servos must be connected to the receiver output sockets in the order shown at bottom right. Outputs not required are simply left vacant. For more information on the different types of swashplate, please refer to the “Base settings”

Receiver socket assignment for model helicopters

menu described on page 82 / 83. All menus which are relevant to model helicopters are
marked with a “helicopter” symbol in the “Program descriptions”:
This means that you can easily skip irrelevant menus when programming a model helicopter.
8 = (Speed governor)
7 = (Gyro gain)
6 = Throttle servo
(speed controller)
5 = Free, or pitch-axis (2) servo
4 = Tail rotor servo (gyro)
3 = Pitch-axis (1) servo
Installation notes
The servos MUST be connected to the receiver outputs in the order shown on this page:
Outputs not required are simply left vacant.
Please note the additional information on the follow­ing pages.
Note: To be able to exploit all the convenience and safety features of the throttle limiter (see page 99), the speed controller should be connected to receiver output “6”, and not to receiver output “8”, as shown in the drawing on the left. See page 117 for more details.
2 = Roll-axis (1) servo
1 = PCollective pitch or roll-axis
(2) or pitch-axis (2) servo
Model helicopters: receiver assignment
65
#01
0:00h
stop flt
0:00 0:00
0.0V
5.6V
HoTT
M
mod.mem.
servo set. D/R expo wing mixer
base sett. contr set. phase trim
free mixer servo disp basic sett fail-safe telemetry

Detailed description of programming

select model clear model copy mod–>mod
=> =>
=> export to SD import from SD
=>
=>
=>
03 04 05

free

02
01
06
R08

free


free


free


free

03 04 05

free

02
01
06
R08

free


free


free


free

Sel model type
( empty mod mem )

Reserving a new memory

If you have already read through the manual to this point, you will undoubtedly have made your first attempt at programming the system already. Even so, it is impor­tant to describe each menu here in detail, to ensure that you have comprehensive instructions for each applica­tion you are likely to encounter.
In this section we start with setting up a “free” model memory prior to “programming” a new model:
From the basic display press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to move to the “Multi-function list”. (You can return to the basic screen at any time by pressing the central ESC button of the left-hand touch­key.) By default the menu point “Model memory” is displayed inverse (black background) and is therefore active when you first call up the multi-function select menu after switching the transmitter on. If this is not the case, select the “Model memory” menu using the arrow buttons (, ) of the left or right-hand touch-key, then briefly press the central SET button of the right­hand touch-key:
Program description: reserving a new memory
66
Now touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key once more to move on to the “select model” sub-menu.
In the transmitter’s default state the first model memory is already initialised with the “Fixed-wing model” model type, and the receiver supplied in the set is “bound” to it. This is indicated by the receiver code displayed at top right of the screen; in the example above this is R08. If, on the other hand, the model memory is “unbound”, you will see “---”.
The remainder of the model memories are not yet occupied, and are “unbound”; these are entitled
free”. If you want to set up a fixed-wing model,
“ then you can immediately start the programming pro­cedure after leaving the “select model” sub-menu and the “Model memory” menu by pressing the central ESC button of the left-hand touch-key each time … alterna­tively you can select one of the free model memories using the left or right-hand touch-key …
... and then briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to confirm your choice.
After this you are invited to select the basic model type, i. e. either “Fixed-wing” or “Helicopter”:
Use the or button of the left or right-hand touch­key to select the appropriate basic model type, then touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to confirm your choice. Your chosen model memory is now initialised with the selected basic model type, and the screen switches back to the basic display. The model memory is now reserved for that use.
However, if you wish to get started with a helicopter, then use the or button of the left or right-hand touch-key to select one of the model memories marked
free”, and confirm your choice with a brief
as “ touch of the central SET button of the right-hand touch­key. You are now requested to define the basic model type, i. e. either “fixed-wing” or “helicopter”. Use the or button of the left or right touch-key to select the corresponding symbol, then again press the central SET
fail safe setup t.b.d
throttle
too
high !
button of the right-hand touch-key briefly in confirmation.
BIND N/A
OK
not possible now voltage too low
mod Name stick mode
CH8 delay
motor at C1
1
yes
no
tail type normal
This initialises the selected model type for the model memory you have just selected, and you can now start programming your model in this memory.
It is now only possible to change this memory to a dif­ferent model type if you first erase the model memory (“Model memory” menu, page 70).
Notes:
If you wish to erase the model memory which is cur-• rently active in the basic display, you will have to de­fine one of the two model types “fixed-wing” or “heli­copter” immediately after completing the erase procedure. You cannot avoid making this choice by switching the transmitter off. If you wish to remove a model memory which you inadvertently occupied, you can simply erase it from a different model mem­ory.
However, if you erase a model memory which is not currently active, after the procedure you will see the memory marked as “ lect.
After the selected model memory has been initial-• ised with your preferred basic model type, the screen shifts to the newly reserved model memory. At the same time the following warning appears for a few seconds …
… as an indication that this memory has not yet been bound to a receiver. With a brief touch of the central
SET button of the right-hand touch-key you can move
directly to the corresponding option. For more de­tailed information on binding a receiver please refer
free” under Model Se-
to pages 80 and 88.
The warning “BIND. n/v” just described is now fol-• lowed for a few seconds by this warning …
… as an indication that no Fail-Safe settings have been entered. For more information on this please re­fer to page 136.
• If the warning …
… appears on the screen, move the throttle stick (or the limiter - by default the rotary knob CTRL 6 - if set­ting up a helicopter) back to idle. This warning only appears in accordance with the settings you have en­tered in the “Motor at Ch1” or “Collective pitch min.” section of the “Base settings” menu, as described on pages 74 and 85. If you are setting up a non-pow­ered fixed-wing model, enter “none” or “none/inv” at this point; this disables the throttle warning message, and makes available the “Brake NN *“ mixers in the “Wing mixers” menu, which would otherwise be suppressed.
If the transmitter’s model memories are already oc-• cupied, then a pictogram of the selected model type appears in the appropriate model memory, followed by a blank line, or the model’s name if a name has already been entered in the “Base settings” menu (pages 74 and 82), together with an indicator that the memory is bound to a receiver, if appropriate.
* NN = Nomen Nominandum (name to be stated)
If the battery voltage is too low, the software prevents • you switching model memories in the interests of safety. In this case the screen displays this message:
Basically there are now four different options for assign­ing the four control functions aileron, elevator, rudder and throttle / airbrakes (fixed-wing model), and roll, pitch-axis, tail rotor and throttle / collective pitch (model helicopter) to the two primary dual-axis sticks. Which of these options is adopted depends on the personal pref­erence of the individual model pilot. This function is set in the “Stick mode” line for the currently active model memory in the “Base settings” menu (page 74 or 82):
As mentioned earlier, for maximum flexibility the trans­mitter controls 5 … 8 are by default not assigned to transmitter controls, and can be assigned to any chan­nels you like; this also helps to avoid accidental mishan­dling.
This means that in the default state of the equipment
only those servos connected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 can usually be controlled by the two dual-axis sticks, whereas servos connected to sockets 5 … max. 8 remain steadfastly at their centre position. If
you set up a new model helicopter, servo 6 may also re­spond to some extent to the controls - depending on the
Program description: reserving a new memory
67
position of the throttle limiter CTRL 6. For both model types this situation only changes once you have carried out the appropriate assignments in the “Transmitter control settings” menu.
If you wish to use a newly initialised model memory, then this MUST first be “bound” to a (further) receiver before any servos connected to the receiver can be con­trolled from the transmitter. For more information on this please refer to the “Binding” section on pages 80 and 88.
You will find a description of the basic steps for program­ming a fixed-wing model aircraft in the Programming Examples section starting on page 164; for model helicopters the equivalent section starts on page 186.
The following menu descriptions are arranged in the order that they are listed in the individual menus in the multi-function list.
Program description: reserving a new memory
68
For your notes
69
mod.mem.
servo set. D/R expo wing mixer
base sett. contr set. phase trim
free mixer servo disp basic sett fail-safe telemetry

Model memories

select model clear model copy mod–>mod
=> => =>
=>
export to SD import from SD
=> =>
01 03
04
ULTIMATE
02
GRAUBELE STARLET
BELL47G
model to be cleared:
R08 R08 R08 –––
model
GRAUBELE
to be erased ?
NO
YES
01
select model clear model copy mod–>mod
=> =>
=> export to SD import from SD
=>
=>
=>
01 03
04 05

free

ULTIMATE
02
GRAUBELE STARLET
BELL47G
06

free

R08 R08 R08 –––
not possible now voltage too low
Calling up a model, erasing a model, copying model model
The section on pages 24 and 25 explains the basic method of using the buttons, while the previous two double-pages explains how to move to the Multi-function list and reserve a new model memory. At this point we wish to start with the “normal” description of the indi­vidual menu points in the sequence in which they occur on the transmitter itself. For this reason we start with the menu …
Model memory
The transmitter can store up to twenty complete sets of model data, including the digital trim values set by the four trim levers. The trims are automatically stored, which means that the settings you have carefully estab­lished through test-flying are never lost when you swap models. A pictogram of the selected model type, and - if you have entered a model name in the “Base settings” menu (pages 74 and 82) - the name appears in all three sub-menus of the “Model memory” menu following the model number.
If necessary, use the arrow buttons of the left or right­hand touch-key to select the “Model memory” menu, then briefly touch the SET button of the right-hand touch-key:
70
Program description: model memories
select model
If you now briefly press the SET button again, you move to the “Call up model” sub-menu:
Now use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select from the list the model memory you wish to use, and confirm your selection by pressing the
SET button. Pressing ESC takes you back to the previ-
ous menu page without switching models.
Notes:
If the warning message “Throttle too high” appears • when you switch models, the throttle or collective pitch stick (Ch 1), or the throttle limiter, is positioned too far towards full-throttle.
If the battery voltage is too low, it may not be possible • to switch model memories for safety reasons. In this case the screen displays the following message:
clear model
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the “clear model” sub-menu, then touch the SET button.
Select the model to be erased using the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key, …
… then touch the SET button again; the program re­sponds with the security query:
If you answer NO, the process is interrupted, and you are returned to the previous screen page. If you answer YES with the button of the left or right-hand touch- key and confirm your choice with the SET button, then the selected model memory is erased.
01 03
04
ULTIMATE
02
GRAUBELE STARLET
BELL47G
copy from model:
R08 R08 R08 –––
01 03
04
ULTIMATE
02
GRAUBELE STARLET
BELL47G
copy to model:
05

free

R08 R08 R08 –––
model
ULTIMATE
to be copied ?
NO
YES
01 03

free

Caution:
select model
l l
=>
> >
>
import from SD
> >
SWITCHING RF OFF
OK
select model clear model copy mod–>mod
=>
=>
=>
=>
=>
export to SD import from SD
=>
=>
01 03
04
ULTIMATE
02
GRAUBELE STARLET
BELL47G
export to SD-CARD:
R08 R08 R08 –––
The erasure process is irrevocable. All data in the selected model memory is reset to the factory default settings.
Note: If you wish to erase the currently active model memory in the basic display, you will be required to define the model type “Helicopter” or “Fixed-wing” immediately. However, if you erase a non-active model memory, then the message “
free” appears in the Model select
menu.
copy model model
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the “copy model model” sub­menu, then touch the SET button.
If this message appears, the transmitter’s RF module is active.
You can interrupt the process by briefly pressing the cen­tral ESC button of the left-hand touch-key. Alternatively a short press of the SET button of the right-hand touch-key switches the RF circuit off, and the menu you called up opens. For safety’s sake you should switch the receiving system off at this point, if it is already operating.
Select the model to be copied using the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key …
model memory.
Note: When you copy a model memory, the binding data is copied together with the model data, so that a receiving system bound to the original model memory can also be operated with the copy of the memory, i. e. it does not
… then briefly press the SET button of the right-hand touch-key in the “Copy to model” window. You can now select the target memory using the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key, and confirm your choice with SET. Alternatively you can interrupt the process with ESC. It is possible to overwrite a model
require another binding process.
Export to SD
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the “Export to SD” sub-menu, then touch the SET button.
memory which already contains model data.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand
When you confirm the selected model memory by touch-
touch-key to select the model to be exported:
ing the SET button, the security query appears:
When you confirm the selected model memory with a
Selecting NO interrupts the process, and returns you to the previous page. If you select YES with the button, and confirm your choice by touching the SET button, then the selected model is copied into the chosen target
brief press of the SET button, this security query ap­pears:
Program description: model memories
71
model
ULTIMATE
export ?
NO
YES
01 SD-CARD
You can interrupt the process with NO; if you do this,
SD-CARD
INSERT
OK
select model
=>
> >
> >
import from SD
> >
SWITCHING RF OFF
OK
EXTRA
ALPINA COBRA
BELL47G
import from SD-CARD:
11/03/10
11/03/11
11/03/11 11/03/12
01 03
04
ULTIMATE
02
GRAUBELE STARLET
BELL47G
import to model :
05

free

E08 E08 E08 –––
model
ULTIMATE
import ?
NO
YES
01 03

free

you are returned to the starting screen. However, if you select YES with the button, and confirm your choice by touching the SET button, then the selected model is copied to the SD card.
Notes:
If the warning …•
… appears instead of a model selection, there is no SD card in the card slot; see page 22.
When you copy a model memory, the binding data is • copied along with the model data, so that the receiv­ing system associated with the original model mem­ory can also be operated using the SAME transmitter and the copied memory without repeating the bind­ing procedure.
An exported fixed-wing model is stored on the memo-• ry card under \\Models\mx-16 with the format “aMod­elname.mdl” and a model helicopter with the format “hModelname.mdl”. However, if you export a “name­less” model, then you will find its data stored on the memory card under “a-” and “hNoName.mdl”.
Some of the special characters used in certain mod-•
72
el names cannot be accepted due to specific limita-
Program description: model memories
tions of the FAT or FAT32 file system used by memo­ry cards. During the copy process they are replaced by a tilde (~) character.
If the memory card already contains a model file of • the same name, it will be overwritten without warning.
Import from SD
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the “Import from SD” sub-menu, then briefly press the SET button.
If this message appears, the transmitter’s RF module is active.
You can interrupt the process by briefly pressing the cen­tral ESC button of the left-hand touch-key. Alternatively a short press of the SET button of the right-hand touch-key switches the RF circuit off, and the menu you called up opens. For safety’s sake you should switch the receiving system off at this point, if it is already operating.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the model to be imported from the SD memory card:
Notes: The export date displayed to the right of the model name is shown in the format “Year/Month/Day”.
When you do this, and briefly press the SET button of the right-hand touch-key again, an “Import to model:” window is displayed. Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the target memory, confirm your choice with SET, or press ESC to interrupt the process. An occupied memory can be overwritten:
When you confirm the selected model memory by touch­ing the SET button, this security query is displayed:
You can interrupt the process with NO; if you do this, you
are returned to the starting screen. However, if you use
SD-CARD
INSERT
OK
the button to select YES, and confirm your choice by touching the SET button, then the selected model is imported into the selected model memory.
Notes:
If the warning …•
… appears instead of a model selection, there is no SD card in the card slot; see page 23.
When you import a model memory, the binding data • is copied along with the model data, so that the re­ceiving system associated with the original model memory can also be operated using the SAME trans­mitter and the copied memory without repeating the binding procedure.
Program description: model memories
73

Base settings

mod.mem. servo set. D/R expo wing mixer
base sett.
contr set. phase trim
free mixer servo disp basic sett fail-safe telemetry
mod name stick mode
CH8 delay
motor at C1
1
yes
no
tail type nor mal
0123456789 PQRSTUVWXYZ
model name
?
:
;
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
GRAUB
mod name stick mode
CH8 delay
motor at C1
1
yes
no
tail type nor mal
GRAUBELE
mod name stick mode
CH8 delay
motor at C1
1
yes
no
tail type nor mal
GRAUBELE
Basic model-specific settings for fixed-wing model aircraft
Before you start programming specific parameters, some basic settings must be entered which apply only to the currently active model memory. Select the “Base settings” (basic model settings) menu using the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key, then touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key:
model name
Touch the SET button of the right-hand touch-key to move to the next screen page, where you can select characters to assemble the model name. You can enter up to nine characters to define a model name:
tion in the name by pressing the arrow button of the right-hand touch-key, or its central SET button, where you can select the next character.
Simultaneously pressing the or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) inserts a space at that point.
You can move to any character position within the input field using the  buttons of the right-hand touch-key.
Touching the central ESC button of the left-hand touch­key returns you to the previous menu page.
The model name entered in this way appears in the basic display, and also in the sub-menus of the “Model
memory” menu.
stick mode
“MODE 1” (Throttle at right stick)
elev. down
left rudder
elev. up
“MODE 3” (Throttle at right stick) “MODE 4” (Throttle at left stick)
elev. down
left aileron
elev. up
right rudder
left aileron
right aileron
left rudder
full throttle
idle
Motor Vollgas
idle
“MODE 2” (Throttle at left stick)
full throttle
right aileron
left rudder
right rudder
left aileron
full throttle
right rudder
idle
right aileron
idle
elev. down
left aileron
elev. up
elev. down
left rudder
elev. up
right aileron
right rudder
touch-key to move to the “Stick mode” line. You will see the select field framed:
Briefly press the SET button to highlight the current stick mode (black background). Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to select one of the options 1 to 4.
Simultaneously pressing the  buttons or the  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) returns the display to stick mode “1”.
Touching the SET button again disables the select field once more, so that you can switch lines.
motor at C1
Use the arrow buttons of the left-hand touch-key to select the desired character, then move to the next posi-
Program description: base settings - fixed-wing model
74
Basically there are four possible ways of arranging the principal control functions of a fixed-wing model on the two dual-axis sticks: the primary functions are aileron, elevator, rudder and throttle (or airbrakes). Which of these options you select depends on your individual preferences and flying style.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand
When you select “motor at C1” using the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key, you will see the corresponding input field framed. Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to highlight the cur­rent setting. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to switch between the four possible options:
mod name stick mode
CH8 delay
motor at C1
1
yes
no
tail type nor mal
GRAUBELE
“idle fr.”: The idle position of the throttle / airbrake
stick (C1) is forward, i. e. away from the pilot.
The throttle warning message “Throttle too
high”, see page 36, and the – following – op­tion “cut off” are activated. In the “Wing mixer” menu the “Brake NN *” mixers and the option “CH8 delay” are disabled.
“idle re.”: The idle position of the throttle / airbrake
stick (C1) is back, i. e. towards the pilot.
The throttle warning message “Throttle too
high”, see page 36, and the – following – op­tion “cut off” are activated. In the “Wing mixer” menu the “Brake NN *” mixers and the option “CH8 delay” are disabled.
“no”: The brake system is “retracted” in the for-
ward position of the throttle / brake stick. In the “Wing mixer” menu the “Brake NN *” mixers are activated.
The throttle warning message “Throttle too
high”, see page 36, and the option “cut off” are disabled.
„no/inv“ The brake system is “retracted” in the back
position of the throttle / brake stick. In the “Wing mixer” menu the “Brake NN *” mixers are activated.
The throttle warning message “Throttle too
high”, see page 36, and the option “cut off” are disabled.
Notes:
During the programming process it is important •
* NN = Nomen Nominandum (name to be stated)
to ensure that any internal-combustion engine or electric motor cannot start running accidentally.
The safe option is always to disconnect the fuel supply or the flight battery.
Depending on your choice in this menu, the Ch 1 trim • acts “normally” (over the full control travel), or just at the idle end of the range, i. e. only at the “back” or “forward” end of the stick travel.
Please note the • Cut-off trim function, which is de- scribed on page 58.
CH8 delay
Notes:
If you select “Idle forward / back” in the “Motor at C1” • line, this menu line is suppressed.
This option is also only effective if you have acti-• vated at least one flight phase; see below under “Phases”.
If you select “no”, the transition delay for control channel 8 of about one second, which takes effect every time you switch flight phases, is switched off; selecting “yes” switches it on.
When you select the “K8 delayed” line using the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key, the cor­responding input field is framed. Briefly press the central
SET button of the right-hand touch-key to highlight the
current setting (black background). Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to select one of the two options.
Program description: base settings - fixed-wing model
cut off
Note: This menu line is suppressed if you choose “none” or “none/inv” in the “Motor at Ch 1” line.
If you select “Idle forward / back” in the “Motor at Ch1” line, you can make use of the “Motor stop” option by assigning a physical switch to it. When the switch is operated, the speed controller or throttle servo move to a pre-set position, i.e. the throttle setting of the speed controller is reduced, or the carburettor control (throttle) servo moves to the motor OFF position (or idle position).
The motor OFF (or idle) position is entered in the left­hand column above the “SEL” field; the optimum setting must be found experimentally.
However, the speed controller or throttle servo only takes up this defined position in response to the switch if the throttle signal is below a particular servo position or switching threshold. This point is defined by entering the desired servo position (switching threshold) in the centre column above the “STO” field. Your preferred ON / OFF switch can be selected in the right-hand column.
If the % value entered in the centre column is • higher than the current servo position, i.e. the current servo position is below the switching threshold, then the change takes effect as soon as you move the switch to the ON position.
If the % value entered in the centre column is • lower than the current servo position, i.e. the current servo position is above the switching threshold, and you move the assigned switch to the ON position, then the change (speed controller reduces motor speed, or throttle servo closes the carburettor to the point defined in the left-hand column) only takes effect
75
when the servo position first falls below the switching
mod name stick mode motor at C1
1
idle re.
tail type nor mal
GRAUBELE
cut off
–––
+150%–100%
STO
mod name stick mode motor at C1
1
idle re.
tail type nor mal
GRAUBELE
cut off
–––
+150%
STO
–125%
mod name stick mode motor at C1
1
idle re.
tail type nor mal
GRAUBELE
cut off
–––
+100%
STO
–125%
mod name stick mode motor at C1
1
idle re.
tail type nor mal
GRAUBELE
cut off +100%
STO
–125% 9
mod name stick mode motor on C1
1
idle re.
tail type nor mal
GRAUBELE
cut off +100%–125% 9
threshold (max. +150%). The speed controller or throttle servo remains at
this motor OFF position until you operate the select­ed switch again, and use the throttle / brake stick to move the throttle servo or speed controller beyond the pre-programmed switching threshold.
The default value in the left-hand column for the “motor OFF” position of the throttle servo is -100%; the default switching threshold in the centre column is a servo posi­tion of +150%:
Programming
This is the procedure for changing the default value for the “motor OFF” position of the throttle servo: briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key: the current setting is now highlighted (dark background). Now use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key to enter a value at which the motor is reliably “off”. If you are controlling a throttle servo (carburettor) it is important to ensure that the throttle servo does not strike its mechanical end-stop, e.g. -125%:
Program description: base settings - fixed-wing model
76
The default value in the centre column is deliberately high, as this enables you to stop the motor over the maximum possible range of servo travel (or speed con­troller range) simply by operating the switch; the switch is assigned in the right-hand column later.
However, if you prefer to set a lower switching threshold, so that the switch only takes effect when the throttle servo or speed controller is below a certain point, then you should reduce the pre-set servo travel from +150%. This is accomplished by moving the throttle / brake stick until the throttle servo or speed controller is at the position you prefer, then briefly pressing the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key:
The final step is to move to the right-hand column and assign a switch which you would like to use to cut the motor (in an emergency) or activate the switching threshold.
Notes:
You must ensure that the throttle servo does not • strike its mechanical end-stop when the motor stop switch is operated.
To set a switching threshold higher than +100%, tem-• porarily increase the travel of servo 1 to more than 100% in the “Servo settings” menu, and then restore the original value once you have stored the switch­ing threshold.
tail type
When you select “tail type” using the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key, you will see the corresponding input field framed. Touch the central
SET button of the right-hand touch-key to highlight the
current setting. Now use the arrow buttons of the right­hand touch-key to select the option which matches your model:
„normal“: This setting caters for all models in which
each of the functions elevator and rudder
is operated by one servo.
stick mode motor at C1
1
idle re.
tail type nor mal
cut off +100%–125% 9 aile/flap 1aile
GRAUBELE
#01
0:00h
stop flt
0:00 0:00
0.0V
5.6V
HoTT
M
motor at C1
idle re.
tail type nor mal
cut off +100%–125% 9 aile/flap 2aile
timer
0:00 –––
„V-tail“: The elevator and rudder functions are
operated by two control surfaces set in a V-shape, each controlled by a separate servo. The two-way coupling function for the rudder and elevator control systems is automatically carried out by the trans­mitter software. If necessary, the ratio of rudder travel to elevator travel can be adjusted in the “Dual Rate” menu (page
102).
„Delt/FlW“: The mixed elevon (aileron and eleva-
tor) control system requires two or four separate servos, one or two in each wing. However, the elevator trim only affects servos 2 + 3, even if you select “2ail2fl” ­see below.
„2elev sv“: This option is designed for model aircraft
with two elevator servos. When the eleva­tor stick is moved, the servo connected to receiver output 8 moves in parallel with servo 3. The elevator trim lever affects both servos.
Note regarding “2elev sv”: In this mode a transmitter control which is assigned to input 8 in the “Transmitter control settings” menu is de-coupled from servo “8”; this is for safety reasons.
Ailerons / Camber-changing flaps
When you select the “Aileron / Flap” line using the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key, you will see the corresponding input field framed:
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch­key to highlight the current setting. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to select one of the three options , which are.
“1aile” Both ailerons are actuated by a single
servo.
“1ail1fl” Both ailerons are actuated by a single
servo, and both flaps are actuated by a
single servo, “2aile” Each aileron is actuated by one servo. 2ail1fl” Aileron actuation as above, but with one
flap servo, “2ail2fl” Each aileron is actuated by a separate
servo; there are also one or two camber-
changing flap servos.
The mixers and associated adjustment facilities which appear in the “Wing mixers” menu (see section start­ing on page 108) vary according to the data you enter here. The software provides a maximum of twelve ready-made mixers for up to two aileron servos and two camber-changing flap servos.
Program description: base settings - fixed-wing model
timer
Two timers are shown in the basic display: one stop­watch and one flight timer:
You can assign a physical switch or a control switch to these two timers in the right-hand column of the “timer” line, indicated by the switch symbol at the bottom edge of the screen.
The assigned switch starts both timers, and also halts the stopwatch.
The method of assigning a physical switch or a control switch is described on page 57.
The flight timer, and the saving of telemetry data on a memory card fitted in the card slot (see page 23), always starts simultaneously with the stopwatch, but continues to run even when the stopwatch is halted (switched off). It can only be stopped by touching the central ESC button of the left-hand touch-key when the stopwatch is already halted.
Once the timers are stopped, you can reset both timers to their initial value by briefly pressing the  or 
77
buttons of the right-hand touch key (CLEAR).
motor at C1
idle re.
tail type nor mal
cut off +100%–125% 9 aile/flap 2aile
timer
0:00
2
GRAUBELE
#01
0:00h
stop flt
10:01
0:00
0.0V
5.6V
HoTT
M
10:01 2 phase 2 phase 3 phase 4
takeoff
landing
speed
––– ––– –––
aile/flap 2aile timer
Switching between “count-up” and “count-down”
Count-up timer (stopwatch function)
If you assign a switch and start the stopwatch with the initial value of “0:00”, the timer runs up until the maxi­mum of 180 minutes and 59 seconds, then re-starts at 0:00.
Count-down timer (alarm timer function)
You can select a starting time within the range 0 to 180 minutes in the left-hand minutes field, and a starting time within the range 0 to 59 seconds in the right-hand seconds field. Any combination of times can also be selected.
Simultaneously touching the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets any settings you have made to “0” or “00”.
Procedure
Select the desired input field using the arrow buttons 1.  of the left or right-hand touch-key.
Touch 2. SET in the centre of the right-hand touch-key. Select the required time in the highlighted minutes 3.
and seconds fields using the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key.
Touch the central 4. SET button to conclude the input process.
Program description: base settings - fixed-wing model
78
Once you have switched back to the basic dis-5. play by touching the central ESC button of the left­hand touch-key the required number of times, touch the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch­key (CLEAR) simultaneously, with the stopwatch stopped, to switch the stopwatch to the “Timer” func­tion; see top right in the following illustration:
When you operate the assigned switch, the stopwatch now starts from the set initial value, counting down (“Timer function”). When the set time has elapsed, the timer does not stop, but continues to run so that you can read off the time elapsed after reaching zero. To make this clear, the over-run time is shown highlighted (black background).
Sequence of sounds
30 sec. before zero: triple beep single beep every two seconds 20 sec. before zero: double beep single beep every two seconds 10 sec. before zero: single beep single beep every second 5 sec. before zero: single beep every second at higher
rate
zero: longer beep; display switches to
inverse video
The “alarm timer” is reset by simultaneously touching
the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR), once you have halted the timer.
Note: A count-down timer is indicated in the basic display by a flashing colon (:) between the minutes field and the seconds field.
Phase 2, Phase 3 and Phase 4
You will automatically be in the “normal” flight phase 1 unless you have already assigned a switch to phases 2, 3 or 4.
Both the number and name of this flight phase are fixed permanently as “normal”, and cannot be changed. For this reason the “normal” phase is simply concealed, i. e. it is not displayed as phase 1.
It is also important to understand that the flight phases have their own inherent priorities which need to be ob­served, particularly when assigning individual switches. The underlying scheme can be described as follows:
If all assigned flight phase switches are closed or • open, the “normal” flight phase is active.
If only one switch is closed, then the flight phase as-• signed to the currently closed switch is active.
If two switches are closed, then the flight phase with • the lower number is active.
For example, this would be phase 2, if one of the
Programming
10:01 2 phase 2 phase 3 phase 4
takeoff
landing
speed
–––
timer
7 6
receiv out
S S S S
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
output
S
5
5
output output output output
When you select “phase 2”, “phase 3” or “phase 4” using the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch­key, the “Name” field for that flight phase is already framed.
If the default name does not seem appropriate, touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key, and the current setting is shown highlighted. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to select an appropriate name from those available. Touch the SET button to conclude the input process.
Now press the button of the left or right-hand touch­key to move to the right-hand column at the bottom of the screen, indicated by the switch symbol briefly touch the central SET button. You can now assign a switch to the phase as described on page 57. We recommend one of the two three-position switches SW 4/5 or SW 6/7, in each case starting from the centre toggle position.
For more information on flight phase programming please refer to page 106, in the section entitled “Phase trim”.
switches assigned to phase 3 or 4 is also closed, or phase 3, if the switches assigned to phases 3 and 4 are closed.
As a result you may wish to take the inherent phase • priorities into account when assigning names to the flight phases; see below.
At the servo end the transition does not occur • “abruptly”, but with a fixed transition period of about one second.
, and
Receiver output
For maximum flexibility in terms of receiver socket assignment, the mx-16 HoTT software provides the means to swap over the servo outputs 1 to max. 8; this is carried out on the second page of the “Receiver output” sub-menu.
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to move to the next page of the display. Here you can assign the “control channels” for servos 1 … 8 to any receiver output you wish to use. However, please note that the display in “Servo display” - which you can ac­cess from virtually any menu position by simultaneously touching the and buttons of the left-hand touch­key - refers exclusively to the “control channels”, i. e. the outputs are NOT swapped over.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the servo / output combination you wish to change, then touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key. Now you can assign the desired servo (S) to the selected output using the right-hand
Program description: base settings - fixed-wing model
arrow buttons, and confirm your choice with SET … or alternatively touch the  or  buttons of the right­hand touch-key (CLEAR) simultaneously to revert to the default sequence.
Please note that any subsequent changes to servo settings, such as servo travel, Dual Rate / Expo, mixers etc., must be carried out according to the original
(default) receiver socket sequence.
Note: It is also possible to distribute the control functions amongst as many receivers as you wish, using the channel-mapping function in the mx-16 HoTT’s inte­gral Telemetry menu, or even to assign the same control function to multiple receiver outputs. For example, you might wish to actuate each aileron with two servos in­stead of just one, etc. However, we strongly recommend that you use only one of the two options, as a combina­tion will soon lead to confusion.
rx bind
Graupner|SJ HoTT receivers have to be “instructed” to communicate exclusively with a particular model (i. e. model memory) of a Graupner|SJ HoTT transmitter. This process is known as “binding”, and is only necessary once for each new combination of receiver and model. It can be repeated at any time.
Important note: When carrying out the binding procedure, please ensure that the transmitter aerial is always an adequate distance from the receiver aerials: keeping the aerials about 1 m apart is safe in this respect. Otherwise you risk a failed connection to the down­link channel, and consequent malfunctions.
79
“Binding” multiple receivers to one model
phase 2 phase 3 phase 4
takeoff
landing
speed
–––
7
6 receiv out rx bind
–––
phase 2 phase 3 phase 4
takeoff
landing
speed
–––
7
6 receiv out rx bind
BINDING
phase 2 phase 3 phase 4
takeoff
landing
speed
–––
7
6 receiv out rx bind
R08
If necessary, it is possible to bind more than one re­ceiver to a single model. This is accomplished by initially binding the receivers individually, as described in the next section. When operating the system, please note
that only the receiver which was bound last will establish a telemetry link to the transmitter. For this
reason all telemetry sensors installed in the model must be connected to this receiver, since only the last bound receiver is able to transmit their data via the down-link channel. The second, and all other receivers, run in parallel to the receiver last bound to the transmitter, but completely independently of it; they operate in Slave mode with the down-link channel switched off.

“Binding” transmitter and receiver

Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to move to the “rx bind” line:
If you have not already done so, switch on the power supply to your receiver now: the red LED on the receiver flashes.
Press and hold the SET button on the receiver until, after about three seconds, the red-flashing LED starts to flash red / green; this will last for a further three seconds. You can now release the SET button on the receiver. The receiver is in Bind mode as long as the LED flashes red / green.
80
Program description: base settings - fixed-wing model
Within this period of about three seconds briefly touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to initiate the so-called binding process between a receiver and the current model memory. At the same time the word “BINDING” starts flashing on the screen in the frame of the “Bound receiver” line, instead of the three “---”:
The receiver LED is now flashing red again, and if it goes out without about ten seconds, and instead glows a constant green, then the binding process has been completed successfully. Your model / receiver combina­tion is now ready for use. In parallel with this the screen displays the code number for the receiver now “bound” to this model memory. For example:
If, in contrast, the red LED on the receiver flashes for longer than about ten seconds, then the binding process has failed. In parallel with this the screen will display three “---” once more. If this should occur, alter the relative position of the aerials, and repeat the whole procedure.
range test
The integral range-check reduces the transmitter’s out­put power in such a way that you can test the system’s operation at a distance of less than hundred metres.
Carry out the range-check of the Graupner|SJ HoTT system in accordance with the following instructions. We recommend that you ask a friend to help with range­checking.
Install the receiver in the model as required, prefer-1. ably after completing the binding process with the transmitter.
Switch the radio control system on and wait until the 2. green LED on the receiver glows. Now you can ob­serve the servo movements.
Place the model on a flat surface (paving, close-mown 3. grass or earth), with the receiver aerials at least 15 cm above the ground. This means that you may have to place the model on a raised object for the pe­riod of the check.
Hold the transmitter at hip-height, and away from your 4. body. However, do not point the aerial straight at the model; instead rotate and / or angle the tip of the aeri­al so that it is vertical while you carry out the check.
If you have not already done so, use the arrow but-5. tons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to move to the “Test range” line, and initiate range-check mode by briefly pressing the central SET button of the right­hand touch-key:
phase 3 phase 4 landing
speed
–––
6 receiv out rx bind
R08
range test
99sec
occur in a typical flight. To ensure safe operation of
phase 4 landing
6 receiv out rx bind
R08
range test
99sec
RF transmit
OFF
the model, the range must always be at least fifty me­tres on the ground.
Caution: Never initiate a range-check when you are actually operating a model!
When you start the range-check, the transmitter’s output power is significantly reduced, and the blue LED on the aerial base starts to flash. At the same time the time display on the transmitter screen starts counting down, and a double beep sounds every five seconds.
From five seconds before the end of the range-check you will hear a triple beep every second. When the 99 seconds of the range-check period have elapsed, the transmitter switches back to full power, and the blue LED glows constantly once more.
Within this period walk away from the model, moving 6. the sticks all the while. If at any point within a distance of about fifty metres you notice a break in the connec­tion, attempt to reproduce it.
If the model is fitted with a motor, switch it on in order 7. to check the system’s interference rejection.
Walk further away from the model until you no longer 8. have full control over it.
At this point wait until the test period has elapsed, with 9. the model still switched on and ready for use. When the range-check period is over, the model should re­spond again to control commands. It this is not 100% the case, do not use the system. Contact your nearest Service Centre of Graupner GmbH & Co. KG.
Carry out the range-check before every flight, and 10. simulate all the servo movements which are likely to
RF transmit
In this menu line you can manually switch the transmit­ter’s RF transmission on and off again for a specific model for the current period that the transmitter is switched on. For example, you might wish to do this to save power when demonstrating the programming of a model. If you switch the transmitter off with the RF
module switched off, next time you switch the trans­mitter on it will be switched back on again.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to move to the “RF module” line, and touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to activate the value window:
Now you can use the right-hand arrow buttons to switch between OFF and ON. Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key again to conclude the input.
Program description: base settings - fixed-wing model
81

Base settings

mod.mem. servo set. D/R expo free mixer
contr set. heli mixer
swashp. mix servo disp basic sett fail-safe telemetry
base sett.
mod name stick mode
rotor direct
swashplate
1
right
1 servo
cut off
–––
+150%–100%
0123456789
model name
?
:
;
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
STAR
PQRSTUVWXYZ
mod name stick mode
rotor direct
swashplate
1
right
1 servo
cut off
–––
+150%–100%
STARLET
mod name stick mode
rotor direct
swashplate
1
right
1 servo
cut off
–––
+150%–100%
STARLET
Basic model-specific settings for model helicopters
Before you start programming specific parameters, some basic settings must be entered which apply only to the currently active model memory. Select the “Base settings” (Basic model settings) menu using the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key, and press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key:
Model name
Touch the SET button of the right-hand touch-key to move to the next screen page, where you can select characters to assemble the model name. You can enter up to nine characters to define a model name:
Use the arrow buttons of the left-hand touch-key to select the desired character. Touch one of the arrow but-
Program description: base settings - model helicopter
82
tons  of the right-hand touch button, or its central
SET button, to move to the next position in the name, at
which point you can again select a character. Simultane­ously touching the  or  buttons of the right­hand touch-key (CLEAR) inserts a space at that point.
You can move to any character position within the input field using the  buttons of the right-hand touch-key.
You can return to the previous menu page by briefly pressing the central ESC button of the left-hand touch­key.
The model name entered in this way appears in the basic display, and also in the sub-menus of the “Model
memory” menu point.
Stick mode
Basically there are four possible ways of arranging the principal control functions of a model helicopter on the two dual-axis sticks: the primary functions are roll, pitch-axis, tail rotor and throttle / collective pitch. Which of these options you select depends on your individual preferences and flying style:
“MODE 1” (Throttle at right stick)
pitch axis
tail rotor
pitch axis
“MODE 3” (Throttle at right stick)
pitch axis
roll
pitch axis
throttle
tail rotor
roll
throttle throttle
Motor/Pitch
roll
tail rotor
throttle
“MODE 2” (Throttle at left stick)
throttle
tail rotor
throttle
roll
throttle
tail rotor
roll
roll
“MODE 4” (Throttle at left stick)
tail rotor
pitch axis
roll
pitch axis
pitch axis
tail rotor
pitch axis
roll
tail rotor
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the “Stick mode” line; the select field
is now framed:
Briefly press the SET button: the current stick mode appears highlighted. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to choose one of the options 1 to 4.
By simultaneously touching the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) the display reverts to stick mode “1”.
A further brief press on the SET button disables the select field again, so that you can change to a different line.
Swashplate type
You will require a particular program variant to suit the number of servos which operate the collective pitch function.
Select “Swashplate” with the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key, and the select field is framed. Touch the SET button: the current number of collective pitch servos is highlighted on the screen. You can now determine the required variant using the arrow
buttons of the right-hand touch-key:
2
2
1
3
1
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
5
1
3
“1 servo”: The swashplate is tilted by one roll servo
and one pitch-axis servo. Collective pitch is controlled by one separate servo.
The “Swashplate mixer” menu point is
Simultaneously pressing the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets the swashplate type to “1 servo”.
Swashplate type: 1 servo
roll and two pitch-axis servos.
Swashplate type: 3 servos (pitch-axis)
suppressed in the multi-function menu if you select “1 servo” as the swashplate type. This is because model helicopters
Swashplate type: 4 servos (90°), 2 pitch / 2 roll
with only one collective pitch servo are controlled WITHOUT transmitter mixers for the swashplate functions collective
Swashplate type: 2 servos
pitch, pitch-axis and roll.
“2 servo”: The swashplate is moved axially by two
roll servos for collective pitch control; pitch-axis control is de-coupled by a mechanical compensating rocker.
“3sv(2rol)”: A symmetrical three-point swashplate
linkage using three linkage points ar-
Swashplate type: 3 servos (2 roll)
ranged equally at 120°, actuated by one pitch-axis servo (front or rear) and two roll servos (left and right). For collective pitch control all three servos move the swashplate axially.
“3sv(140)”: Asymmetrical three-point swashplate link-
age using three linkage points, connected
Swashplate type: 3 servos (140°)
to one pitch servo (rear) and two roll servos (front left and right). For collective pitch control all three servos move the swashplate axially.
“3sv(2nic)”: A symmetrical three-point linkage as
above, but rotated through 90°, i. e. one roll servo on one side, and two pitch-axis servos front and rear.
“4sv(90)”: Four-point swashplate linkage using two
Note: With the exception of the “1 servo” pre-set, the swash­plate mixer ratios are set in the “Swashplate mixers” menu; see page 132.
Cut off
The auto-rotation settings of the mx-16 HoTT trans­mitter’s Helicopter program include a facility for defining a “motor OFF” position for the throttle servo or speed controller for use in an emergency; see the programming suggestion on page 180. However, you may wish to set an idle position instead of an (emergency) OFF position in the “Throttle” line of the “Helimix” menu, perhaps in order to avoid having to re-start the engine after every practice auto-rotation landing. This effectively circum­vents the “motor cut” facility, but there is an alternative method of setting up an emergency OFF system: this is the “Motor stop” option, which is described in the follow­ing section.
If you select “front / rear” in the “Collective pitch min.”
Program description: base settings - model helicopter
83
mod name stick mode
rotor direct
swashplate
1
right
3sv(2rol)
cut off
–––
+150%–100%
STARLET
STO
mod name stick mode
rotor direct
swashplate
1
right
3sv(2rol)
cut off
–––
+150%
STARLET
STO
–125%
mod name stick mode
rotor direct
swashplate
1
right
3sv(2rol)
cut off
–––
STARLET
STO
–125% +100%
mod name stick mode
rotor direct
swashplate
1
right
3sv(2rol)
cut off
STARLET
STO
–125% +100%
1
line of the “Base settings” menu, you can make use of the “Motor stop” option by assigning a physical switch to it. When the switch is operated, the speed controller or throttle servo move to a pre-set position, i.e. the throttle setting of the speed controller is reduced, or the carbu­rettor control (throttle) servo moves to the motor OFF position (or idle position).
The motor OFF (or idle) position is entered in the left­hand column above the “SEL” field; the optimum setting must be found experimentally.
However, the speed controller or throttle servo only takes up this defined position in response to the switch if the throttle signal is below a particular servo position or switching threshold. This point is defined by entering the desired servo position (switching threshold) in the centre column above the “STO” field. Your preferred ON / OFF switch can be selected in the right-hand column.
If the % value entered in the centre column is • higher than the current servo position, i.e. the current servo position is below the switching threshold, then the change takes effect as soon as you move the switch to the ON position.
If the % value entered in the centre column is • lower than the current servo position, i.e. the current servo position is above the switching threshold, and you move the assigned switch to the ON position, then the change (speed controller reduces motor speed, or throttle servo closes the carburettor to the point defined in the left-hand column) only takes effect when the servo position first falls below the switching threshold (max. +150%).
The speed controller or throttle servo remains at this motor OFF position until you operate the select­ed switch again, and use the throttle / brake stick to
Program description: base settings - model helicopter
84
move the throttle servo or speed controller beyond the pre-programmed switching threshold.
The default value in the left-hand column for the “motor OFF” position of the throttle servo is -100%; the default switching threshold in the centre column is a servo posi­tion of +150%:
Programming
This is the procedure for changing the default value for the “motor OFF” position of the throttle servo: briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key: the current setting is now highlighted (dark background). Now use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key to enter a value at which the motor is reliably “off”. If you are controlling a throttle servo (carburettor) it is important to ensure that the throttle servo does not strike its mechanical end-stop, e.g. -125%:
The default value in the centre column is deliberately high, as this enables you to stop the motor over the maximum possible range of servo travel (or speed con­troller range) simply by operating the switch; the switch
is assigned in the right-hand column later. However, if you prefer to set a lower switching threshold,
so that the switch only takes effect when the throttle servo or speed controller is below a certain point, then you should reduce the pre-set servo travel from +150%. This is accomplished by moving the throttle / brake stick until the throttle servo or speed controller is at the position you prefer, then briefly pressing the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key:
The final step is to move to the right-hand column and assign a switch which you would like to use to cut the motor (in an emergency) or activate the switching threshold.
Notes:
You must ensure that the throttle servo does not • strike its mechanical end-stop when the motor stop switch is operated.
To set a switching threshold higher than +100%, tem-• porarily increase the travel of servo 1 to more than 100% in the “Servo settings” menu, and then restore
the original value once you have stored the switch-
mod name stick mode
rotor direct
swashplate
1
right
3sv(2rol)
cut off
STARLET
–125% +100%
1
right-hand
rotation
left-hand rotation
stick mode
rotor direct
swashplate
1
right
3sv(2rol)
cut off –125% +100%
1
pitch min
rear
Pitch
ing threshold.
Direction of rotation of main rotor
the mixers which compensate for rotor torque and motor power. You will find these in the “Helicopter mixer” menu:
Pitch Ch1 throttle Ch1 tail rotor
Collective pitch min.
In the “Rotor direction” line you enter the direction of rotation of the main rotor using the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key, after briefly pressing the central
SET button:
“right”: the main rotor spins clockwise as viewed from
above.
“left”: the main rotor spins anti-clockwise as viewed
from above.
Simultaneously touching the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) switches to “right”.
The program requires this information in order to set up the mixers to work in the correct “sense”; this applies to
In the “Collective pitch min.” line you can set up the direction of operation of the throttle / collective pitch stick to suit your preference. This setting is crucial to the correct operation of all the other options in the helicopter program which affect the throttle and collective pitch functions, i. e. the throttle curve, idle trim, tail rotor mixer etc.
Briefly touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key, and the direction of operation of the throttle / collective pitch stick is highlighted. Now you can select the required variant using the arrow buttons of the right­hand touch-key:
Program description: base settings - model helicopter
The meaning is as follows: “front”: minimum collective pitch when the collective
pitch stick (Ch 1) is “forward” (away from you);
“rear”: minimum collective pitch when the collective
pitch stick (Ch 1) is “back” (towards you).
Simultaneously pressing the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) returns the collective pitch min. position to “rear”.
Note:
The Ch 1 trim always affects the throttle servo only.•
By default what is known as the “throttle limiter” is set • (see page 99); this limits the travel of the throttle ser­vo in the direction of maximum throttle, acting sepa­rately from the collective pitch servos. This point can be programmed using the “Lim” input in the “Trans- mitter control settings” menu.
85
timer
STARLET
#02
0:00h
stop flt
0:00 0:00
0.0V
5.6V
HoTT
M
rotor direct
swashplate
right
3sv(2rol)
cut off
–125%
+100%
1
pitch min
rear
timer 0:00 –––
rotor direct
swashplate
right
3sv(2rol)
cut off
–125%
+100%
1
pitch min
rear
timer 10:01
G3
STARLET
#02
0:00h
stop flt
10:01
0:00
0.0V
5.6V
HoTT
M
Two timers are shown in the basic display: one stop­watch and one flight timer.
A physical switch or a control switch - e. g. the control switch G3 located on the throttle limiter - can be as­signed to these two timers in the “Timers” line …
… using the switch symbol at the bottom right-hand side of the screen. The assigned switch starts both tim­ers, and also halts the stopwatch.
The method of assigning a physical switch or a control switch is described on page 57.
The flight timer, and the saving of telemetry data on a memory card inserted in the card slot (see page 23) always starts simultaneously with the stopwatch, but continues to run even when the stopwatch is halted (switched off). It can only be stopped by touching the central ESC button of the left-hand touch-key with the stopwatch halted.
Once stopped, both timers can be reset to the initial value by simultaneously touching the  buttons of
Program description: base settings - model helicopter
86
the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR).
Switching between “count-up” and “count-down”
Count-up timer (stopwatch function)
If you assign a switch and start the stopwatch with the initial value of “0:00”, the timer runs up until the maxi­mum of 180 minutes and 59 seconds, then re-starts at 0:00.
Count-down timer (timer function)
In the left-hand minutes field you can select a starting time within the range 0 to 180 minutes; in the right-hand seconds field the range is 0 to 59 seconds. Any combi­nation of times can also be selected.
Simultaneously pressing the  buttons of the right­hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets any settings you have entered to “0” or “00”.
Procedure
Select the desired input field using the arrow buttons 1.  of the left or right-hand touch-key.
Touch 2. SET in the centre of the right-hand touch-key. Select the required time in the highlighted minutes 3.
and seconds fields using the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key.
Touch the central 4. SET button to conclude the input process.
Switch back to the basic display by repeatedly touch-5.
ing the central ESC button of the left-hand touch-key. With the stopwatch halted, press the  buttons of the right-hand touch-key simultaneously (CLEAR) to switch the stopwatch to the “Timer” function; see top right in the next illustration:
If you now operate the assigned switch, the stopwatch starts from the set initial value, counting down (“Timer function”). When the set time has elapsed, the timer does not stop, but continues to run to allow you to read off the time elapsed after reaching zero. To make this clear, the over-run time is shown highlighted (black background).
Sequence of sounds
30 sec. before zero: triple beep single beep every two seconds 20 sec. before zero: double beep single beep every two seconds 10 sec. before zero: single beep single beep every second 5 sec. before zero: single beep every second at higher
rate
zero: longer beep; display switches to
inverse video
The “alarm timer” is reset by simultaneously pressing the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) after you have halted the timer.
Note:
10:01 G3 phase 2 phase 3
hover
speed
–––
–––
rotor direct right pitch min
rear
timer
10:01 G3 phase 2 phase 3
hover
speed
–––
pitch min
rear
timer
5 4
autorotat.
10:01 G3 phase 2 phase 3
hover
speed
timer
5 4
autorotat.
2
receiv out
A count-down timer is indicated in the basic display by a flashing colon (:) between the minutes field and the seconds field.
Phase 2 / Phase 3
You will automatically be in the “normal” flight phase 1 unless you have already assigned a switch to phases 2 or 3.
Both the number and name of this flight phase are fixed permanently as “normal”, and cannot be changed. For this reason the “normal” phase is simply concealed, i. e. it is not displayed as phase 1.
It is also important to understand that the flight phases have their own inherent priorities which need to be ob­served, particularly when assigning individual switches. The underlying scheme can be described as follows:
If all assigned flight phase switches are closed or • open, the “normal” flight phase is active.
If only one switch is closed, then the flight phase as-• signed to the currently closed switch is active.
If two switches are closed, then the flight phase with • the lower number is active.
For example, this would be phase 2 if the switches assigned to phase 2 and 3 are closed.
The “auto-rotation phase” ALWAYS has precedence • over all other flight phases, regardless of the priori-
ties outlined above. When the auto-rotation phase is selected, the switch is always made WITHOUT DELAY.
With this in mind, you may wish to take the inherent • phase priorities into account when assigning names to the flight phases; see below.
At the servo end the transition does not occur • “abruptly”, but with a fixed transition period of about one second.
Programming
When you select “Phase 2” or “Phase 3” using the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key, the “Name” field for that flight phase is already framed.
If the default name does not seem appropriate, touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key, and the current setting is shown highlighted. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to select an appropriate name from those available. Touch the SET button to conclude the input process.
Now press the button of the left or right-hand touch­key to move to the right-hand column at the bottom of the screen, indicated by the switch symbol briefly touch the central SET button. You can now assign a switch to the phase as described on page 57. We recommend one of the two three-position switches SW 4/5 or SW 6/7, in each case starting from the centre toggle position.
For more information on flight phase programming please refer to page 114, in the section entitled “Flight phase specific settings for collective pitch, throttle and tail rotor”.
, and
Program description: base settings - model helicopter
Auto-rotation
The name “Auto-rotation” is permanently assigned to Phase 4, and CANNOT be altered. The only available option is to assign a switch to it using the switch symbol at the right of the screen.
For more information on programming flight phases please refer to the “Helicopter mixers” section starting on page 114.
Receiver output
For maximum flexibility in terms of receiver socket assignment, the mx-16 HoTT software provides the means to swap over the servo outputs 1 to max. 8; this is carried out on the second page of the “Receiver output” sub-menu.
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to move to the next page of the display. Here you can assign the “control channels” for servos 1 … 8 to any receiver output you wish to use. However, please note that the display in “Servo display” - which you can ac-
87
cess from virtually any menu position by simultaneously
S S S S
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
output
S
5
5
output output output output
S S S S
6 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
output
S
5
5
S 6
1
output output output output output
phase 2 phase 3
hover
speed
5 4
autorotat.
2 receiv out rx bind
–––
touching the and buttons of the left-hand touch­key - refers exclusively to the “control channels”, i. e. the outputs are NOT swapped over.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the servo / output combination you wish to change, then touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key. Now you can assign the desired servo (S) to the selected output using the right-hand arrow buttons, and confirm your choice with SET … or alternatively touch the  or  buttons of the right­hand touch-key (CLEAR) simultaneously to revert to the default sequence.
Please note that any subsequent changes to servo settings, such as servo travel, Dual Rate / Expo, mixers etc., must be carried out according to the original
(default) receiver socket sequence.
Typical application: In the helicopter program of the mx-16 HoTT the
outputs for one collective pitch servo and the throttle servo have been interchanged compared to all earlier GRAUPNER/JR mc-systems. The throttle servo is now assigned to receiver output “6” and the collective pitch servo to output “1”. However, you may wish to retain the earlier configuration.
88
Program description: base settings - model helicopter
Note: It is also possible to distribute the control functions amongst as many receivers as you wish, using the channel-mapping function in the mx-16 HoTT’s integral Telemetry menu, or even to assign the same control function to multiple receiver outputs. However, we strongly recommend that you use only one of the two options, as a combination will soon lead to confusion.
rx bind (Bound receiver)
Graupner|SJ HoTT receivers have to be “instructed” to communicate exclusively with a particular model (i. e. model memory) of a Graupner|SJ HoTT transmitter. This process is known as “binding”, and is only necessary once for each new combination of receiver and model. It can be repeated at any time.
Important note: When carrying out the binding procedure, please ensure that the transmitter aerial is always an adequate distance from the receiver aerials: keeping the aerials about 1 m apart is safe in this respect. Otherwise you risk a failed connection to the down­link channel, and consequent malfunctions.
“Binding” multiple receivers to one model
If necessary, it is possible to bind more than one re-
ceiver to a single model. This is accomplished by initially binding the receivers individually, as described in the next section.
When operating the system, please note that only the receiver which was bound last will establish a telemetry link to the transmitter. For this reason all te-
lemetry sensors installed in the model must be connect­ed to this receiver, since only the last bound receiver is able to transmit their data via the down-link channel. The second, and all other receivers, run in parallel to the receiver last bound to the transmitter, but completely independently of it; they operate in Slave mode with the down-link channel switched off.

“Binding” transmitter and receiver

Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to move to the “rx bind” line:
If you have not already done so, switch on the power supply to your receiver now: the red LED on the receiver flashes.
Press and hold the SET button on the receiver until, after about three seconds, the red-flashing LED starts to flash red / green; this will last for a further three seconds. You can now release the SET button on the receiver. The receiver is in Bind mode as long as the LED flashes red / green.
Briefly touch the central SET button of the right-hand
touch-key within this period of about three seconds:
phase 2 phase 3
hover
speed
5
4 autorotat.
2 receiv out rx bind
BINDING
phase 2 phase 3
hover
speed
5
4 autorotat.
2 receiv out rx bind
R08
phase 3
speed
4 autorotat.
2 receiv out rx bind
R08
range test
99sec
this initiate the binding process between a receiver and the current model memory. At the same time the word “BINDING” starts flashing in the frame of the “rx bind” line on the screen, instead of the three “---”:
The receiver LED is now flashing red again, and if it goes out within about ten seconds, and instead glows a constant green, then the binding process has been completed successfully. Your model / receiver combina­tion is now ready for use. In parallel with this the screen displays the code number for the receiver now “bound” to this model memory. For example:
If, in contrast, the red LED on the receiver flashes for longer than about ten seconds, then the binding process has failed. In parallel with this the screen will display three “---” once more. If this should occur, alter the relative position of the aerials and repeat the whole procedure.
Range test
The integral range-check reduces the transmitter’s output power in such a way that you can test the system’s operation at a distance of up to about fifty metres.
Carry out the range-check of the Graupner|SJ HoTT system in accordance with the following instructions. We recommend that you ask a friend to help with range­checking.
Install the receiver in the model as required, prefer-1. ably after completing the binding process with the transmitter.
Switch the radio control system on and wait until the 2. green LED on the receiver glows. Now you can ob­serve the servo movements.
Place the model on a flat surface (paving, close-mown 3. grass or earth), with the receiver aerials at least 15 cm above the ground. This means that you may have to place the model on a raised object for the period of the check.
Hold the transmitter at hip-height, and away from your 4. body. Do not point the aerial straight at the model; in­stead rotate and / or angle the aerial tip so that it is vertical while you carry out the check.
If you have not already done so, use the arrow but-5. tons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to move to the “Test range” line, and initiate range-check mode by briefly pressing the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key:
Program description: base settings - model helicopter
When you start the range-check, the transmitter’s output power is significantly reduced, and the blue LED on the aerial base starts to flash. At this point the time display on the transmitter screen starts counting down, and a double beep sounds every five seconds.
From five seconds before the end of the range-check you will hear a triple beep every second. When the 99 seconds of the range-check period have elapsed, the transmitter switches back to full power, and the blue LED glows constantly once more.
Within this period walk away from the model, moving 6. the sticks all the while. If at any point within a distance of about fifty metres you notice a break in the connec­tion, attempt to reproduce it.
If the model is fitted with a motor, switch it on in order 7. to check the system’s interference rejection.
Walk further away from the model until you no longer 8. have full control over it.
At this point wait until the test period has elapsed, 9. with the model still switched on and ready for use. When the range-check period is over, the model should respond again to control commands. It this is not 100% the case, do not use the system. Contact your nearest Graupner Service Centre.
Carry out a range-check before every flight, and sim-10. ulate all the servo movements which are likely to oc-
89
cur in a typical flight. To ensure safe operation of the
autorotat.
2 receiv out rx bind R08 range test
99sec
RF transmit
ON
model, the range must always be at least fifty metres on the ground.
Caution: Never initiate a range-check when you are actually operating a model!
RF transmit
In this menu line you can manually switch the transmit­ter’s RF transmission on and off again for a specific model for the period that the transmitter is currently switched on. For example, you might wish to do this to save power when demonstrating the programming of a model. If you switch the transmitter off with the RF
module switched off, next time you switch the trans­mitter on it will be switched back on again.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to move to the “RF transmit” line, and touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to activate the value window:
Now you can use the right-hand arrow buttons to switch between OFF and ON. Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key again to conclude the input.
Program description: base settings - model helicopter
90
For your notes
91
S
e
r
v
o
t
r
a
v
e
l
-
1
2
5
%
C
e
n
t
r
e
a
d
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
+
1
2
5
%
normal
reversed
normal
reversed
S1 S2 S3
rev cent
+
trav
0% 0% 0%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100% 0% 0%
100%
100%
100%
100%
S4 S5

Servo settings

Servo direction, centre, travel
In this menu you can adjust parameters which only af­fect the servo connected to a particular receiver output, namely the direction of servo rotation, neutral point and servo travel. Always start with the servo setting in the left-hand column.v
Basic procedure:
Use the arrow buttons 1.  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the relevant servo (1 to 8).
If necessary, use the arrow buttons 2.  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the desired column, and move the associated transmitter control from its centre position if you wish to define an asymmetri­cal setting.
Touch the central 3. SET button of the right-hand touch­key, and the corresponding input field is highlighted (black background).
Set the appropriate value using the arrow buttons of 4. the right-hand touch-key.
Touch the central 5. SET button of the right-hand touch­key to conclude the input process.
Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons 6.  or  of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets any settings you have entered to the default value.
Important: The numbers in the servo designations refer to the receiver output socket to which a particular servo(s) is
92
Program description: servo settings
connected, assuming that these have not been swapped over. This means that changing the stick mode does not affect the numbering of the servos.
Column 2 “Rev.”
The direction of servo rotation can be adjusted to suit the actual installation in your model. This means that you don’t need to concern yourself with servo directions when installing the mechanical linkages in the model, as you can reverse them as and when necessary. The direction of rotation is indicated by the symbols “=>” and “<=”. Be sure to set the direction of servo rotation before you make adjustments to the remaining options!
Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons  or  of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets the direction of rotation to “=>”.
Column 3 “Centre”
The facility to offset the servo travel centre is intended for adjusting servos whose centre setting is not standard (servo centre point at 1.5 ms or 1500 μs), and also for minor adjustments, e. g. when fine-tuning the neutral position of the model’s control surfaces.
The neutral position can be shifted over the range
-125% to +125% of normal servo travel, within the maximum servo travel of +/- 150%, regardless of the trim lever position and any mixers you have set up. The setting affects the associated servo directly, independ­ently of all other trim and mixer settings.
However, please note that an extreme shift of the servo’s neutral point may result in servo travel to one side of neutral only, as total servo travel is limited to +/- 150% for both electronic and mechanical reasons.
Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons  or  of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets the value in the highlighted input field to “0%”.
Column 4 “- Servo travel +”
Transmitter control travel
Servo travel
In this column you can adjust servo travel symmetrically
directly by a stick channel, or by means of any type of mixer function.
or asymmetrically (different each side of neutral). The adjustment range is 0 … 150% of normal servo travel. The reference point for the set values is the setting in the “Centre” column.
To set symmetrical travel, i. e. to adjust travel equally on both sides of neutral, move the associated transmitter control (stick, proportional rotary knob or switch) to a position in which the marking frame encloses both sides of the travel setting.
Note: You may need to assign a transmitter control to a servo which is connected to one of the control channels 5 … 8; this is accomplished in the “Transmitter control settings” menu; see next page.
To set up asymmetrical travel, move the associated transmitter control (stick, rotary proportional knob or switch) to the side to be adjusted, so that the marking frame only encloses the value you wish to change.
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch­key to activate value adjustment; the value field is now highlighted. Use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to change the values. A further brief press on the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key concludes the input process.
Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons  or  of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets the param­eter in the highlighted input field to 100%.
Important: In contrast to the “Transmitter control settings” menu, this setting affects the servo directly, regardless of how the control signal for this servo is generated, i. e. either
The graph alongside shows an example of asymmetrical servo travel, with a setting of
-50% and +150%.
Program description: servo settings
93

Transmitter control settings

I5
I6
I7
+
trv
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
free
I8 +100%
+100%
free free free
I5
+
trv
free
I8
free
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
operate desired switch or control
Basic procedures for assigning transmitter controls and switches
In addition to the two dual-axis stick units for the control functions 1 to 4, the mx-16 HoTT is fitted as standard with a range of supplementary controls:
Two three-position switches: SW 4/5 or CTRL 9 and • SW 6/7 or CTRL 10. These are assigned in this menu as “CTRL 9” and “CTR 10” respectively.
Three rotary proportional controls: CTRL 6, 7 and •
8. These are included in the menu as “CTRL 6”, “CTRL 7” and “CTRL 8”.
Three two-position switches: SW 2, 3 and 8. These • are indicated in the menu by “2”, “3” and “8” plus a switch symbol, which indicates the direction of opera­tion of the switch.
Two momentary switches: SW 1 and SW 9. These • are indicated by “1” and “9” plus a switch symbol and direction indicator, as mentioned above.
The two dual-axis stick units directly affect the servos connected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 (assuming that you have set up a newly initialised model memory with the model type “Fixed-wing model”). In contrast, the “sup­plementary” transmitter controls listed above are inactive when the transmitter is in its default state (as delivered).
As already mentioned on page 20, this means that the transmitter in its basic form only controls servos con­nected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 using the primary sticks - even when you have initialised a new model memory with the model type “Fixed-wing model” and
94
Program description: transmitter control settings - fixed-wing model
“bound” it to the receiver you intend to install. Any servos connected to receiver sockets 5 … 8 simply stay at their centre point when you operate the associated transmit­ter controls.
This may seem rather inconvenient at first sight, but it is the only way to ensure that you can select any of the “supplementary” transmitter controls for any task you like, and that you are not required deliberately to “program away” the transmitter controls which are not required for a particular model.
Any superfluous transmitter control will have an effect on your model if you operate it by mistake ­unless it is inactive, i. e. unless no function is assi­gned to it.
That is why you can select these “supplementary” trans­mitter controls with complete freedom in the “Transmitter control settings” menu and assign them to any function input (see page 56) you like, as this method ensures that the transmitter meets your own requirements exactly. This also means that each of these transmitter controls can be assigned to several functions simulta­neously. For example, the same toggle switch SW X, which you assign to an input in this menu, can also be assigned as the On / Off switch controlling the “Timers” in the “Base settings” menu.
The basic procedure:
Select the appropriate input I5 … I8 using the arrow 1. buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key.
If necessary, use the arrow buttons 2.  of the left or right-hand touch-key to switch to the desired column.
Touch the central 3. SET button of the right-hand touch­key, and the corresponding input field is highlighted.
Operate the transmitter control you wish to use, and 4.
set the desired value using the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key.
Touch the central 5. SET button of the right-hand touch­key to conclude the input process.
Simultaneously pressing the 6.  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets any set­tings you have entered to the appropriate default val­ue.
Column 2 “Assigning transmitter controls and switches”
Select one of the function inputs 5 to 8 using the  buttons of the right-hand touch-key.
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to activate the assignment facility.
Now move the appropriate transmitter control (CTRL 6 to 10), or operate the selected switch (SW 1 to 3, 8 or 9). Note that the rotary proportional controls are not detected until they have moved a few “ratchet clicks”, i. e. they need to be operated for slightly longer. If the travel is not sufficient for the transmitter to detect it, move the control in the opposite direction.
If you assign one of the two-position switches, then this control channel works like an On / Off switch. It is then possible to switch to and fro between two end-point values using this simple switch, e. g. motor ON / OFF. The three-position switches SW 4/5 and 6/7, which you
will find in the “Transmitter control settings” menu as
I5 I6 I7
+
trv
I8
ctrl 7 free free
3
+100%
+100% +100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
I5 I6 I7
+
trv
3
I8
ctrl 7 free free
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
I5 I6 I7
+
trv
I8
ctrl 7 free free
3
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
I5
I6
I7
+
trv
I8
ctrl 7 free free
+111%
+111%
3
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
I5
I6
I7
+
trv
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
I8 +100%
+100%
ctrl 7 free free
+88%
+111%
3
“Control 9” and “Control 10”, provide a centre position in addition to the two end-points.
Simultaneously pressing the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) with the switch assign­ment activated - see illustration above - resets the input to “free”.
Tips:
When assigning the switches please take care to set • them to the appropriate direction of travel, and en­sure that all inputs not required are left at or set to “free”, to eliminate the possibility of errors if unused transmitter controls are operated accidentally.
You can alter the effective end-points of an assigned • switch by adjusting servo travel, as described in the next section.
The screen now displays either the transmitter control number or the switch number, followed by a switch sym­bol which indicates the direction of operation, e. g.:
Column 3 “-Travel+”
In this column the transmitter control can be adjusted symmetrically or asymmetrically, i. e. different to either side. The available range is +/-125% of the normal servo travel.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select one of the inputs 5 to 8.
If you wish to set up symmetrical travel, i. e. the same in both directions, move the associated transmitter control (rotary proportional controls CTRL 6 … 8 or switches 4/5 and 6/7) to a position at which the marking frame encloses both sides of the travel setting:
If you wish to set up asymmetrical travel, i. e. different for both directions, move the associated transmitter control (rotary proportional control or switch) to a position at which the marking frame encloses the side of the travel setting you wish to change:
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to activate the value setting; the value field is now shown highlighted. Use the arrow buttons of the right-hand
Program description: transmitter control settings - fixed-wing model
touch-key to alter the values:
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to conclude the input process.
Negative and positive parameter values are possible; this enables you to set the appropriate direction of movement of the transmitter control or its direction of effect to suit your model.
Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons  or  of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets the altered parameter in the highlighted input field to +100%.
Important: In contrast to servo travel adjustments, changing the transmitter travel setting affects all mixer and coupling inputs derived from it, i. e. in the final analysis all the servos which can be operated using the associated transmitter control.
95

Transmitter control settings

+
trv
free
free
free
free
ctrl 6
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
I5
thr
gyr
I8
lim
+
trv
free
free ctrl 6
I5
I8
lim
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
operate desired switch or control
Basic procedures for assigning transmitter controls and switches
In addition to the two dual-axis stick units for the control functions 1 to 4, the mx-16 HoTT is fitted as standard with a range of supplementary controls:
Two three-position switches: SW 4/5 or CTRL 9 and • SW 6/7 or CTRL 10. These are assigned in this menu as “CTRL 9” and “CTR 10” respectively.
Three rotary proportional controls: CTRL 6, 7 and •
8. These are included in the menu as “Control 6”, “Control 7” and “Control 8”.
Three two-position switches: SW 2, 3 and 8. These • are indicated in the menu by “2”, “3” and “8” plus a switch symbol, which indicates the direction of opera­tion of the switch.
Two momentary switches: SW 1 and SW 9. These • are indicated by “1” and “9” plus a switch symbol and direction indicator, as mentioned above.
The two dual-axis stick units directly affect servos connected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 and 6 (assuming that you have set up a newly initialised model memory with the model type “Helicopter”). In contrast, the “sup­plementary” transmitter controls listed above are inactive when the transmitter is in its default state (as delivered). The exception is the rotary proportional knob CTRL 7 (throttle limiter), which acts upon servo 6 by default.
As already mentioned on page 20, this means that the transmitter in its basic form only controls servos con­nected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 using the primary
96
Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter
sticks, plus servo 6 - depending on the position of the throttle limiter - even when you have initialised a new model memory with the model type “Helicopter” and “bound” it to the receiver you intend to install. Any ser­vos connected to receiver sockets 5, 7 and 8 simply stay at their centre point when you operate the associated transmitter controls.
This may seem rather inconvenient at first sight, but it is the only way to ensure that you can select any of the “supplementary” transmitter controls for any task you like, and that you are not required deliberately to “program away” the transmitter controls which are not required for a particular model.
Any superfluous transmitter control will have an effect on your model if you operate it by mistake, unless it is inactive, i. e. unless no function is assi­gned to it.
That is why you can select these “supplementary” trans­mitter controls with complete freedom in the “Transmitter control settings” menu, and assign them to any function input (see page 56) you like, as this method ensures that the transmitter meets your own requirements exactly. This also means that each of these transmitter controls can be assigned to several functions simultane­ously. For example, the same toggle switch SW X which you assign to an input in this menu, can also be as­signed as the On / OFF switch controlling the “Timers” in the “Base settings” menu.
Note: For model helicopters input 6 must always be left “free”. Please see the section entitled “Throttle” on the next double-page.
The basic procedure
Select the appropriate input I5, throttle, gyro, I8 or 1. Lim using the arrow buttons  of the left or right­hand touch-key.
If necessary, use the arrow buttons 2.  of the left or right-hand touch-key to switch to the desired column.
Touch the central 3. SET button of the right-hand touch­key, and the corresponding input field is highlighted.
Operate the transmitter control you wish to use, and 4. set the desired value using the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key.
Touch the central 5. SET button of the right-hand touch­key to conclude the input process.
Simultaneously pressing the 6.  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets any set­tings you have entered to the appropriate default val­ue.
Column 2 “Assigning transmitter controls and switches”
Select one of the function inputs I5, throttle, gyro, I8 or lim using the  buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key.
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to activate the assignment facility.
Now move the appropriate transmitter control (CTRL 6 to 10), or operate the selected switch (SW 1 to 3, 8
+
3
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
trv
free
free
ctrl 6
ctrl 7
I5
thr
gyr
I8
lim
+
+111%
+111%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
trv
free free
ctrl 6
ctrl 7
I5
thr
gyr
I8
lim
3
+
+88%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100% +111%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
trv
free free
ctrl 6
ctrl 7
I5
thr
gyr
I8
lim
3
+
trv
free free
ctrl 6
ctrl 7
I5
thr
gyr
I8
lim
3
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+
3
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
trv
free free
ctrl 6
ctrl 7
I5
thr
gyr
I8
lim
or 9). Note that the rotary proportional controls are not detected until they have moved a few “ratchet clicks”, i. e. they need to be operated for slightly longer. If the travel is not sufficient for the transmitter to detect it, move the control in the opposite direction.
If you assign one of the two-position switches, then this control channel works like an On / Off switch. It is then possible to switch to and fro between two end-point values using this simple switch, e. g. motor ON / OFF. The three-position switches SW 4/5 and 6/7, which you will find in the “Transmitter control settings” menu as “CTRL 9” and “CTR 10”, provide a centre position in addition to the two end-points.
Simultaneously pressing the  or  buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) with the switch assign­ment activated - see illustration above - resets the input to “free”.
Tips:
When assigning the switches please take care to set • them to the appropriate direction of travel, and en­sure that all inputs not required are left at or set to “free”, to eliminate the possibility of errors if unused transmitter controls are operated accidentally.
You can alter the effective end-points of an assigned • switch by adjusting servo travel as described in the next section.
The screen now displays either the transmitter control number or the switch number, followed by a switch sym­bol which indicates the direction of operation, e. g.:
Column 3 “-Travel+”
In this column the transmitter control can be adjusted symmetrically or asymmetrically, i. e. different to either side. The available range is +/-125% of the normal servo travel.
Use the arrow buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key to select one of the inputs I5, throttle, gyro, I8 or lim.
If you wish to set up symmetrical travel, i. e. the same in both directions, move the associated transmitter control (rotary proportional control or switches 4/5 and 6/7) to a position at which the marking frame encloses both sides of the travel setting:
If you wish to set up asymmetrical travel, i. e. different for both directions, move the associated transmitter control (rotary proportional control or switch) to a position at which the marking frame encloses the side of the travel setting you wish to change:
Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to activate the value setting; the value field is now shown highlighted. Use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to alter the values:
Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to conclude the input process.
Negative and positive parameter values are possible; this enables you to set the appropriate direction of movement of the transmitter control or its direction of effect to suit your model.
Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons  or  of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets the altered parameter in the highlighted input field to +100%.
97
Important:
+
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100% +100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
trv
free free
ctrl 6
ctrl 7
I5
thr
gyr
I8
lim
3
+
trv
I5
thr
gyr
I8
lim
+100%
3
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100% +100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
free
free
ctrl 6
ctrl 7
In contrast to servo travel adjustments, changing the transmitter travel setting affects all mixer and coupling inputs derived from it, i. e. in the final analysis all the servos which can be operated using the associated transmitter control.
“Throttle”
„Gyr“
In principle all transmitter controls (rotary proportional knob) and switches present on the transmitter can be assigned to the individual inputs within the Helicopter program.
However, please note that some inputs available in this menu are already pre-defined for helicopter-specific functions, and for this reason cannot be used without restriction.
For example, the receiver sequence printed on page 65 shows that the throttle servo (or the speed controller of an electric-powered model helicopter) must be con­nected to receiver output “6”, i. e. control channel “6” is reserved for motor speed control.
However, in contrast to a fixed-wing aircraft, the throt­tle servo or speed controller is not directly controlled by the throttle stick or any other transmitter control, but via a complex mixer system - see “Helicopter mixers” menu, starting on page 114. The “throttle limit function” (described on the next page) also has an influence on this mixer system.
Assigning a transmitter control or switch in the “Throt­tle” line, or its supplementary control signal, would only
98
Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter
unnecessarily “confuse” this complex mixer system.
For this reason the “Throttle” input MUST always be left “free” when you are programming a model helicopter.
If the gyro you are using features infinitely variable gain control, then you can pre-set the static gyro effect by setting an “offset” within the range +/-125%, separately for each flight phase, in the “Gyro” line of the “Helicopter mixers” menu - see the section starting on page 118.
Once you have entered these pre-defined - static - gain settings (set separately for each flight phase in the “Helicopter mixers” menu), you can use a transmitter control such as one of the rotary proportional controls CTRL 7 or 8 to vary gyro gain around the set “offset point”; all you have to do is assign that transmitter con­trol in the “Gyro” line of this menu: in the centre position of the transmitter control this corresponds to the setting selected in the “Helicopter mixers” menu (see section starting on page 118). If the transmitter control is moved from this centre point in the direction of full travel, gyro gain is increased; towards the opposite end-point it is reduced. This is a fast, simple method of fine-tuning gyro gain when the model is in flight - perhaps to suit varying weather conditions - or alternatively to find the optimum setting. In software terms you can also limit the gain range to both sides by restricting the transmitter control travel. However, please be sure to read the set-up
notes provided with your gyro before carrying out these adjustments, as you could render your heli­copter uncontrollable if you make a mistake.
+
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100% +100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
+100%
trv
free free
ctrl 6
ctrl 7
I5
thr
gyr
I8
lim
3
throttle
too
high !
Throttle limit function
“Lim” input By default the “lim” input is assigned to the rotary pro-
portional control CTRL 6, which is located at top left on the transmitter:
This pre-defined assignment eliminates the need to program two flight phases - “with idle-up” and “without idle-up” - as are often used by other radio control sys­tems for this purpose, since the method of raising the system rotational speed below the hover point is more flexible with the mx-16 HoTT program, and can be fine-tuned more accurately than using the conventional “idle-up” function. However, if you prefer to program your helicopter “with idle-up”, then switch off the “throttle limit” function, described below, by setting the “Lim” input to “free”.
Meaning and application of “throttle limit”
As mentioned previously under “Throttle”, the power output of the engine or motor of a model helicopter is not controlled directly using the throttle (Ch 1) stick - in contrast to fixed-wing model aircraft. Instead it is control­led indirectly by the throttle curve settings which you set up in the “Helicopter mixers” menu. Alternatively the throttle is controlled by the speed controller if the unit you are using is a governor or regulator.
Note: Naturally it is possible to set up different throttle curves to suit different stages of flight using flight phase pro-
gramming.
By their very nature, both methods of controlling power have the same result, i. e. that a helicopter’s motor never gets anywhere near its idle speed during “normal” flying, so it is impossible to start or stop the motor easily unless some other means is used.
The “Throttle limiter” function solves this problem in an elegant manner: a separate transmitter control - as standard this is the rotary proportional control CTRL 6 located at top left on the transmitter - is employed to limit the setting of the throttle servo or the speed controller, which means that you can throttle right back to the idle position. At this setting the trim of the throttle / collective pitch stick assumes control, and can be used to switch off an electric motor directly. At the other extreme, the throttle servo or speed controller can, of course, only reach its full-throttle position if you release full servo travel using the throttle limit control. That is why the “lim” input is reserved in the Helicopter program for the “Throttle limiter” function.
For this reason the right-hand positive value in the “Travel” column must be large enough to ensure that it does not limit the full-throttle setting available via the throttle curve settings when the throttle limit control is at its maximum position. Usually this means a value in the range +100% to +125%. The left-hand negative value in the “Travel” column should be set in such a way that the throttle limit control reliably cuts the electric motor, or closes the throttle to the point where you can cut the I.C. motor using the (digital) Ch 1 trim. For this reason you should leave this value at +100%, at least for the time being.
This variable “limiting” of throttle travel provides a convenient means of starting and stopping the motor.
Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter
However, it also gives an additional level of safety if, for example, you have to carry your helicopter to the flight line with the motor running: you simply move the control to its minimum position, and this prevents any accidental movement of the Ch 1 stick affecting the throttle servo.
If the carburettor is too far open (or the speed controller not at “stop”) when you switch the transmitter on, you will hear an audible warning, and the screen displays the message:
Tip: You can call up the “Servo display” menu to check the influence of the throttle limit slider. This menu can be ac­cessed from virtually any menu points by simultaneously pressing the  buttons of the left-hand touch-key. Bear in mind that servo output 6 controls the throttle servo on the mx-16 HoTT.
Basic idle setting
Start by turning the throttle limiter - by default the rotary proportional knob CTRL 6 located at top left on the transmitter - clockwise to its end-point. Move the throt­tle / collective pitch stick to the maximum position, and ensure that a standard throttle curve is active in the “Channel 1 throttle” sub-menu of the …
“Heli mixer” (page 114 … 125)
… menu. If you have already altered the standard throttle curve which is present when you first initialise a model memory, then this should be reset to the values “Point 1 = 0%”, “Point 3 = +50%” and “Point 5 = +100%”
- at least temporarily.
99
input output point 3
+50% +50%
+50%
ch1 thr
Note:
stop flt
M
CTRL 6
Current trim position
Trim at motor OFF position
Last idle position
Throttle limit control
stop flt
M
CTRL 6
Throttle limit control
input output point 1
0% +16%
+16%
ch1 thr
Since the throttle trim lever has no effect when the throt­tle limiter is open, its position is not relevant at this point.
Now - without starting the glow motor - adjust the mechanical linkage of the throttle servo so that the carburettor barrel is fully open; if necessary, carry out fine-tuning using the travel setting for servo 6 in the “Servo settings” menu.
Close the throttle limiter completely by turning the rotary proportional knob CTRL 6 anti-clockwise to its end­point. Use the trim lever of the throttle / collective pitch stick to move the trim position marker to the motor OFF position (see illustration in the right-hand column of the next page).
Note: In contrast, when the throttle limiter is closed, the posi­tion of the throttle / collective pitch stick is not relevant; it can therefore be left in the maximum collective pitch position, i. e. the throttle linkage can be adjusted be­tween full-throttle (throttle limiter open) and “motor OFF” (throttle limiter closed) using just the throttle limiter.
Now, with the throttle limiter closed, adjust the mechani­cal throttle linkage so that the carburettor is just fully closed. However, do check carefully that the throttle servo is not stalled at either of its extreme end-points (full-throttle / motor OFF).
Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter
100
To complete this basic set-up you still have to adjust the idle trim range to coincide with point “1” of the throttle curve. This is accomplished by setting point “1” of the “Ch 1 throttle” mixer in the “Heli mixer” menu to a value of about +15 to +18%:
To check that the setting is exact, i. e. that there is a seamless transition from idle trim to the throttle curve, you need to close the throttle limiter and move the collective pitch stick to and fro slightly at the minimum end-point. When you do this, the throttle servo must not move! In any case fine-tuning must be carried out with the model flying.
The motor is always started with the throttle limiter completely closed; this has the effect that the idle speed is adjusted solely using the trim lever of the throttle / collective pitch stick.
Throttle limit in conjunction with the digital trim
When used with the throttle limit control CTRL 6, the Ch 1 trim places a marker at the set idle position of the motor; at this point the motor can be stopped using the trim. If the trim is in its end-range (see screen-shot: top picture in the right-hand column), then a single click immediately takes you back to the marker, i. e. to the pre-set idle position (see also page 58).
The cut-off trim only acts as idle trim in the left-hand half of the travel of the throttle limit control, i. e. the marker is only set and stored within this range.
For this reason the Ch 1 trim display is also completely suppressed as soon as the throttle limit control is moved to the right of the centre position.
Note: Since this trim function is only effective in the “Motor off” direction, the illustration above changes if you alter the transmitter control direction for the collective pitch minimum position of the Ch 1 stick from “back” (reflected in the picture above) to “forward” in the “Collective pitch min.” line of the “Base settings” menu. In the same way the effects shown in the illustration swap sides if you change the stick mode from collective pitch right (reflected in the pictures above) to collective pitch left in the “Stick mode” line of the “Base settings” menu; see page 82.
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