Graupner mx12 User guide

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HOPPING TELEMETRY TRANSMISSION

Programming Manual

General Information

Safety Notes .................................................................. 3

Safety notes and handling instr

to Nickel-Metal-Hydride rechargeable batteries ............8

Foreword ......................................................................10

Description of radio control set .................................... 11

Recommended battery chargers ................................. 13

Transmitter power supply .............................................14

Receiver power supply ................................................ 16

Environmental protection notes ................................... 16

Adjusting the stick length ............................................. 17

Opening the transmitter case ......................................17

Changing the stick mode ............................................. 18

Description of transmitter............................................. 20

Transmitter controls ............................................... 20

Rear of transmitter ................................................. 21

Optional headphone socket ................................... 21

PC socket .............................................................. 21

Data socket ...........................................................21

DSC (Direct Servo Control) ................................... 22

Data storage / card slot ......................................... 22

Screen and keypad ...............................................24

Operating the “Data Terminal” ............................... 25

Short-cuts .............................................................. 25

Language selection, screen contrast ..................... 26

On-screen warnings .............................................. 28

On-screen function ﬁ elds....................................... 28

Position indicator, rotary controls CTRL 7 + 8 ....... 29

Input lock ............................................................... 29

Using the transmitter for the ﬁ rst time .......................... 30

Using the receiver for the ﬁ rst time .............................. 32

Installation notes .......................................................... 34

Receiving system power supply ............................ 35

Deﬁ nition of terms ....................................................... 38

Switch and transmitter control assignment .................. 39

Contents

uctions relating

Digital trims ..................................................................40

Fixed-wing model aircraft.............................................42

Receiver socket sequence .................................... 43

Model helicopters ........................................................46

Receiver socket sequence .................................... 47

Program descriptions

Setting up a new model memory ................................. 48

“Model memories” ......................................................

“Base settings” (model)

Fixed-wing model aircraft ...................................... 56

Binding receivers ............................................. 61

Range-checking .............................................. 62

Model helicopter .................................................... 64

Binding receivers ............................................. 70

Range-checking .............................................. 71

“Servo settings” ..........................................................72

“Transmitter control settings”

Fixed-wing model aircraft ...................................... 74

Model helicopter .................................................... 76

Throttle limit function ....................................... 79

Basic idle setting ............................................. 79

“D/R Expo”

Fixed-wing model aircraft ...................................... 82

Model helicopter .................................................... 84

“Phase trim” (ﬁ xed-wing) ............................................86

What is a mixer? .......................................................... 88

“Wing mixer” ..............................................................

“Heli mix

General notes re. freely programmable mixers .......... 106

“Free mixers” ........................................................... 107

er” ................................................................ 94

Setting up throttle and collective pitch curves ..... 100

Auto-rotation setting ............................................ 104

Examples............................................................. 111

“Swashplate mixers” ...............................................112

“Servo display” .........................................................113

“Basic settings” ........................................................ 114

“Fail-Safe” .................................................................116

“Telemetry” ............................................................... 117

Setting & Data view ............................................. 118

Satellite operation with two receivers ............ 126

Simple data view ................................................. 128

RF status view ..................................................... 130

Voice trigger ........................................................ 131

“Trainer mode”

Wiring diagrams ..................................................137

Wireless HoTT system ........................................ 138

“Info display” ........................................................... 142

Programming examples

Introduction ................................................................ 144

Fixed-wing model aircraft

First steps ............................................................ 146

Including an electr

E-motor and up-aileron using Ch1 stick .............. 152

Operating timers .................................................. 155

Use of ﬂ ight phases ............................................. 156

Servos running in parallel .................................... 157

Deltas and ﬂ ying wings .............................................. 158

F3A models ...............................................................162

Model helicopters ......................................................166

Appendix

Appendix .................................................................... 174

Confor

mity declaration ............................................... 177

FCC Information ........................................................ 178

Guarantee certiﬁ cate ................................................. 179

.........................................................

wer system .....................150

ic po

134

Safety Notes

Please read carefully!

We all want you to have many hours of pleasure in our mutual hob aspect of this. It is absolutely essential that you read right through these instructions and take careful note of all our safety recommendations. We also strongly recommend that you register without delay at http:// www.graupner.de/en/service/product_registration, as this ensures that you automatically receive the latest information relating to your product by e-mail.

If you are a beginner to the world of radio-controlled model aircraft, boats and cars, we strongly advise that you seek out an experienced modeller in your ﬁ eld, and ask him or her for help and advice.

If you ever dispose of this transmitter, these instructions must be passed on to the new owner.

Application

This radio control system may only be used for the purpose for which the manufacturer intended it, i. e. for operating radio-controlled models which do not carry hu- mans. No other type of use is approved or permissible.

Safety notes

Even small models can cause serious personal injury and damage to property if they are handled incompetently, or if an accident occurs due to the fault of others.

Technical problems in electrical and mechanical systems can cause motors to rev up or burst into life unexpectedly, with the result that parts may ﬂ y off at great speed, causing considerable injury.

Short-circuits of all kinds must be avoided at all times.

by of modelling, and safety is an important

SAFETY IS NO ACCIDENT

and

RADIO-CONTROLLED MODELS

ARE NOT PLAYTHINGS

Short-circuits can easily destroy parts of the radio control system, but even more dangerous is the acute risk of ﬁ re and explosion, depending on the circumstances and the energy content of the batteries.

Aircraft and boat propellers, helicopter rotors, open gearboxes and all other rotating parts which are driven by a motor or engine represent a constant injury hazard. Do not touch these items with any object or part of your body. Remember that a propeller spinning at high speed can easily slice off a ﬁ nger! Ensure that no other object can make contact with the driven components.

Never stand in the primary danger zone, i. e. in the rotational plane of the propeller or other rotating parts, when the motor is running or the drive battery is connected.

Please note that a glowplug engine or electric motor could burst into life accidentally if the receiving system is switched on when you are transmitting the transmitter. To be on the safe side, disconnect the fueltank or the ﬂ ight battery.

Protect all electronic equipment from dust, dirt, damp, and foreign bodies. Avoid subjecting the equipment to vibration and excessive heat or cold. Radio control equipment should only be used in “normal” ambient temperatures, i. e. within the range -15°C to +55°C.

Avoid subjecting the equipment to shock and pressure. Check the units at regular intervals for damage to cases and leads. Do not re-use any item which is damaged or has become wet, even after you have dried it out thoroughly.

Use only those components and accessories which we expressly recommend. Be sure to use only genuine matching Graupner connectors of the same design with contacts of the same material.

When deploying cables ensure that they are not under

strain, are not tightly bent (kinked) or broken. Avoid sharp edges, as they can chafe through insulating materials.

Before you use the system, check that all connectors are pushed home ﬁ rmly. When disconnecting components, pull on the connectors themselves – not on the wires.

It is not permissible to carry out any modiﬁ cations to the RC system components, as any such changes invalidate both your operating licence and your insurance cover.

Installing the receiving system

In a model aircraft the receiver must be packed in soft foam and stowed behind a stout bulkhead, and in a model boat or car it should be protected effectively from dust and spray.

The receiver must not make direct contact with the fuselage, hull or chassis at any point, otherwise motor vibration and landing shocks will be transmitted directly to it. When installing the receiving system in a model with a glowplug or petrol engine, be sure to install all the components in well-protected positions, so that no exhaust gas or oil residues can reach the units and get inside them. This applies above all to the ON / OFF switch, which is usually installed in the outer skin of the model.

Secure the receiver in such a way that the aerial, servo leads and switch harness are not under any strain. The receiver aerial should be at least 5 cm away from all large metal parts and any wiring which is not connected directly to the receiver. This includes steel and carbon ﬁ bre components, servos, electric motors, fuel pumps, cabling of all kinds, etc..

Ideally the receiver should be installed well away from

Safety Notes

any other installed equipment in the model, but in an easily accessible position. Under no circumstances allow servo leads to run close to the aerial, far less coiled round it!

Ensure that cables are fastened securely, so that they cannot move close to the receiver aerial when the model is ﬂ ying.

Deploying the receiver aerial(s)

The receiver and its aerials should be installed as far away as possible from all kinds of power system. If your model has a carbon ﬁ bre fuselage, the aerial tips must always be deployed outside the fuselage. The orientation of the aerial(s) is not critical, but we recommend installing them vertically (upright) in the model. If the receiver features aerial diversity (two aerials), the second aerial should be arranged at 90° to the ﬁ rst.

Installing the servos

Always install servos using the vibration-damping grommets supplied. The rubber grommets provide some degree of protection from mechanical shock and severe vibration.

Installing control linkages

The basic rule is that all linkages should be installed in such a way that the pushrods move accurately, smoothly and freely. It is particularly important that all servo output arms can move to their full extent without fouling or rubbing on anything, or being obstructed mechanically at any point in their travel.

It is essential that you should be able to stop your motor at any time. With a glow motor this is achieved by adjusting the throttle so that the barrel closes completely when you move the throttle stick and trim to their end-points.

Ensure that no metal parts are able to rub against each other, e. g. when controls are operated, when parts rotate, or when motor vibration affects the model. Metalto-metal contact causes electrical “noise” which can interfere with the correct working of the receiver.

Directing the transmitter aerial

Transmitter ﬁ eld strength is at a minimum in an imaginary line extending straight out from the transmitter aerial. It is therefore fundamentally misguided to “point” the transmitter aerial at the model with the intention of obtaining good reception.

When several radio control systems are in use on adjacent channels, the pilots should always stand together in a loose group. Pilots who insist on standing away from the group endanger their own models as well as those of the other pilots.

However, if two or more pilots operating 2.4 GHz radio control systems stand closer together than 5 m, the down-link channel may be swamped, triggering a very premature range warning. If this should occur, walk away from the other pilots until the range warning ceases again.

Pre-ﬂ ight checking Before you switch on the receiver, ensure that the throt-

tle stick is at the stop / idle end-point.

Always switch on the transmitter ﬁ rst,

and only then the receiver.

Always switch off the receiver ﬁ rst,

and only then the transmitter.

If you do not keep to this sequence, i. e. if the receiver is at any time switched on when “its” transmitter is switched OFF, then the receiver is wide open to signals

from other transmitters and any interference, and may respond. The model could then carry out uncontrolled movements, which could easily result in personal injury or damage to property.

Please take particular care if your model is ﬁ tted with a mechanical gyro: before you switch your receiver off, disconnect the power supply to ensure that the motor cannot run up to high speed accidentally.

As it runs down, the gyro can generate such a high voltage that the receiver picks up apparently valid throttle commands, and the motor could respond by unexpectedly bursting into life.

Range checking

Before every session check that the system works properly in all respects, and has adequate range.

adequately, and ensure that no persons are standing in front of the model.

Carry out at least one complete function check on the ground, followed by a complete simulated ﬂ ight, in order to show up any errors in the system and the model’s programming. Be sure to read the notes on pages 62 and 71 in this regard.

When operating a model, i. e. when ﬂ ying or driving, do not operate the transmitter without the aerial ﬁ tted. Check that the transmitter aerial is ﬁ rmly seated.

Operating your model aircraft, helicopter, boat or car

Never ﬂ y directly over spectators or other pilots, and take care at all times not to endanger people or animals. Keep well clear of high-tension overhead cables. Never operate your model boat close to locks and full-size vessels. Model cars should never be run on public streets or motorways, footpaths, public squares etc..

Secure the model

Safety Notes

Checking the transmitter and receiver batteries

It is essential to stop using the radio control system and recharge the batter discharged. In the case of the transmitter this means – at the very latest – when the message “battery needs charging” appears on the screen, and you hear an audible warning signal.

It is vital to check the state of the batteries at regular intervals – especially the receiver pack. When the battery is almost ﬂ at you may notice the servos running more slowly, but it is by no means safe to keep ﬂ ying or running your model until this happens. Always replace or recharge the batteries in good time.

Keep to the battery manufacturer’s instructions, and don’t leave the batteries on charge for longer than stated. Do not leave batteries on charge unsupervised.

Never attempt to recharge dry cells, as they may explode.

Rechargeable batteries should always be recharged before every session. When charging batteries it is important to avoid short-circuits. Do this by ﬁ rst connecting the banana plugs on the charge lead to the charger, taking care to maintain correct polarity. Only then connect the charge lead to the transmitter or receiver battery.

Disconnect all batteries and remove them from your model if you know you will not be using it in the near future.

Capacity and operating times

This rule applies to all battery types: capacity diminishes with each charge. At low temperatures the battery’s internal resistance rises, and capacity falls. This means that its ability to deliver current and maintain voltage is reduced.

ies well before they are completely

Frequent charging, and / or the use of maintenance programs, tends to cause a gradual reduction in battery capacity. We recommend that you check the capacity of all your rechargeable batteries at least every six months, and replace them if their performance has fallen off signiﬁ cantly.

Use only genuine Graupner rechargeable batteries!

Suppressing electric motors

All conventional (brushed) electric motors generate sparks between the commutator and the brushes, which cause more or less serious interference to the radio control system, depending on the type of motor. If an RC system is to work correctly, it is therefore important to suppress the electric motors, and in electric-powered models it is essential that every motor should be effectively suppressed. Suppressor ﬁ lters reliably eliminate such interference, and should always be ﬁ tted where possible.

Please read the notes and recommendations supplied by the motor manufacturer.

Refer to the main Graupner FS catalogue or the Internet website at www.graupner.de for more information on suppressor ﬁ lters.

Servo suppressor ﬁ lter for extension leads

Order No. 1040 Servo suppressor ﬁ lters are required if you are obliged

to use long servo extension leads, as they eliminate the danger of de-tuning the receiver. The ﬁ lter is connected directly to the receiver input. In very difﬁ cult cases a second ﬁ lter can be used, positioned close to the servo.

Using electronic speed controllers

The basic rule is that the electronic speed controller

must be chosen to suit the size of the electric motor it is required to control.

There is always a danger of overloading and possibly damaging the speed controller, but you can avoid this by ensuring that the controller’s current-handling capacity is at least half the motor’s maximum stall current.

Particular care is called for if you are using a “hot” (i. e. upgrade) motor, as any low-turn motor (small number of turns on the winding) can draw many times its nominal current when stalled, and the high current will then burn out the speed controller.

Electrical ignition systems

Ignition systems for internal combustion engines can also produce interference, which has an adverse effect on the working of the radio control system.

Electrical ignition systems should always be powered by a separate battery – not the receiver battery.

Be sure to use effectively suppressed spark plugs and plug caps, and shielded ignition leads.

Keep the receiving system an adequate distance away from the ignition system.

Static charges

Lightning causes magnetic shock waves which can interfere with the operation of a radio control transmitter even if the thunderstorm actually occurs several kilometres away. For this reason …

… cease ﬂ ying operations immediately if you notice an electrical storm approaching. Static charges through the transmitter aerial can be life-threatening!

Caution

In order to fulﬁ l the FCC RF radiation regulations •

Safety Notes

applicable to mobile transmitting apparatus, the equipment’s aer person when the system is in use. We therefore do not recommend using the equipment at a closer range than 20 cm.

Ensure that no other transmitter is closer than 20 cm • from your equipment, in order to avoid adverse effects on the system’s electrical characteristics and radiation pattern.

The radio control system should not be operated • until the Country setting has been set correctly at the transmitter. This is essential in order to fulﬁ l the requirements of various directives - FCC, ETSI, CE etc. Please refer to the instructions for your particular transmitter and receiver for details of this procedure.

Check all working systems and carry out at least one • full range check on the ground before every ﬂ ight, in order to show up any errors in the system and the model’s programming.

Never make any changes to the programming of the • transmitter or receiver whilst operating a model.

Care and maintenance

Don’t use cleaning agents, petrol, water or other solvents to clean your equipment. If the case, the aerial etc. gets dirty, simply wipe the surfaces clean with a soft dry cloth.

Components and accessories

As manufacturers, the company of Graupner GmbH & Co. KG recommends the exclusive use of components and accessories which have been tested by Graupner and approved for their capability, function and safety. If you observe this rule, Graupner accepts responsibility for the product.

Safety Notes

ial must be at least 20 cm from any

Graupner cannot accept liability for non-approved components or accessories made by other manufacturers. It is not possible for Graupner to assess every individual item manufactured by other companies, so we are unable to state whether such parts can be used without incurring a safety risk.

Liability exclusion / Compensation

It is not possible for Graupner to ensure that the user observes the installation and operation instructions, and the recommended conditions and methods when installing, operating, using and maintaining the radio control components. For this reason Graupner denies all liability for loss, damages or costs which arise through misuse or mishandling of this equipment, or are connected with such use in any way.

Unless obliged by law, Graupner’s obligation to pay compensation, regardless of the legal argument employed, is limited to the invoice value of that quantity of Graup- ner products which were immediately involved in the event in which the damage occurred, unless the company is deemed to have unlimited liability on account of deliberate or gross negligence.

The sole purpose of this manual is to provide information; it is subject to amendment without prior notiﬁ cation. Graupner accepts no responsibility or liability for errors or inaccuracies which may occur in the information section of this manual.

Environmental protection

This symbol on the product, in the operating instructions or the packaging indicates that the product must not be discarded via the normal household refuse at the end of its useful life. Instead it must be taken to a collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic apparatus.

The materials can be re-used according to their identiﬁ cation code. You can make an important contribution to the protection of our shared environment by recycling

old equipment and making use of its basic materials.

Dry and rechargeable batteries must be removed from the device and taken to the appropriate collection point.

Please ask your local authority for the location of your nearest waste disposal site.

For your notes

Safety notes and handling instructions relating to Nickel-Metal-Hydride rechargeable batteries

As with all sophisticated technical products, it is vitally important that you observe the following safety notes and handling instructions if you wish the equipment to operate safely and reliably for an extended period.

Safety notes

Rechargeable batteries are not playthings, and must • be kept well away from children.

Store rechargeable batteries out of the reach of children.

Check that the batteries are in perfect, serviceable • condition before every use. Do not re-use defective or damaged batteries.

Rechargeable batteries must be used within the • speciﬁ ed limits stated for the corresponding cell type.

Do not heat, incinerate or short-circuit rechargea-• ble batteries, and never charge them with excessive currents or reversed polarity.

Never use rechargeable batteries consisting of • parallel-wired cells, combinations of old and new cells, cells of different construction, size, capacity, make, brand or cell type.

Batteries installed inside equipment should always be • removed from the device when it is not in use and not about to be used. Always keep equipment switched off in order to avoid deep-discharged cells. Batteries must be recharged in good time.

The battery to be charged should be placed on a • non-inﬂ ammable, heat-resistant, non-conductive surface for the whole of the charge period. Keep inﬂ ammable and volatile objects and materials well clear of the charging area.

Batteries must always be supervised when on • charge. Never exceed the maximum fast-charge cur-

Safety Notes

rent speciﬁ ed for the cell type in use. If the battery heats up to more than 60°C whilst on •

charge, halt the charge process immediately and allow the pack to cool down to about 30°C.

Never recharge a battery which is already charged, • hot, or not completely discharged.

Do not make any modiﬁ cations to batteries. Never • solder or weld directly to cells.

If incorrectly handled, rechargeable batteries are at • risk of combustion, explosion, corrosive action and burns. Suitable extinguishing materials include ﬁ re blankets, CO2 ﬁ re extinguishers and sand.

Escaped electrolyte is corrosive - do not allow it to • contact skin or eyes. In an emergency rinse the area immediately with plenty of clean water before seeking medical help.

The cells’ air vents must never be blocked or sealed, • e. g. by solder. When soldering, the iron temperature should not exceed 220°C, and each joint should be completed in less than twenty seconds.

To avoid cell deformation, do not exert excessive • mechanical pressure on battery cells.

If a battery should be accidentally overcharged, use • the following procedure:

Simply disconnect the battery and leave it on a noninﬂ ammable surface (e. g. stone ﬂ oor) until it has cooled down. Never hold the battery in your hand, as there is a risk that cells might explode.

Always observe the recommended rates for charging • and discharging.

General information

The capacity of your rechargeable battery diminishes with every charge / discharge process. Stored batteries

may eventually exhibit reduced capacity.

Storage

Batteries should not be stored in a completely discharged state. Store them in a dry enclosed space at an ambient temperature of +5°C to +25°C. If you are storing a battery for a period longer than four weeks, ensure that the cell voltage does not fall below 1.2 V

Balancing individual battery cells

To balance new battery cells, i. e. to bring them all • to the same state of charge, charge them at what is known as the ‘normal’ rate until they are full. As a general guideline a fully discharged battery needs to be charged for a period of twelve hours at a current corresponding to one tenth of the capacity printed on the cell label (the “1/10C” method). After this treatment all the cells will be fully charged, and exhibit the same voltage. This method of balancing battery cells should be repeated after every ten fast-charge processes, so that the cells are repeatedly balanced; this helps to ensure an extended useful life for your batteries.

If you have the facilities to discharge individual cells, • we recommend that you make use of this before every charge process. Otherwise the battery pack should be run down to a discharge voltage of 0.9 V per cell. For example, this corresponds to a ﬁ nal discharge voltage of 3.6 V in the case of the four-cell pack used in the transmitter.

Charging

Ni-MH batteries should only be charged using the speciﬁ ed currents, charge times and temperature range, and should be supervised constantly when on charge. If you do not have access to a suitable fast charger, i. e. one

which allows you to set the charge current accurately, then the battery should alw “normal” charge rate of 1/10C; see the example stated above.

Wherever possible, transmitter batteries should always be recharged at the 1/10C rate, in order to avoid differences in cell states. The charge current must never exceed the maximum permissible value stated in the transmitter instructions.

Fast charging

If your battery charger includes the facility to adjust • the Delta Peak charge cut-off voltage, set this value to 5 mV per cell. However, most chargers are set to a ﬁ xed cut-off value of 15 … 20 mV per cell, which makes them suitable for use with both NiCd and NiMH batteries. If you are not sure about this, please refer to the operating instructions supplied with your charger, or ask at your local model shop whether your charger is also suitable for Ni-MH packs. If in any doubt, charge your batteries at half the stated maximum charge current.

Discharging

All rechargeable batteries sold by Graupner and GMRacing are suitable for a maximum continuous current load of 6C … 13C, according to battery type (refer to the manufacturer’s speciﬁ cation!). The higher the continuous current load, the shorter the batteries’ useful life.

Use your battery until its performance falls off, or until • the low voltage warning is triggered.

Caution:

When stored for a long period, the cell voltage should not be allowed to fall below 1.2 V. This means that you may have to recharge the battery before stor-

ays be recharged using the

ing it. Reﬂ ex charging and charge / discharge (cycle) •

programs shorten the effective life of batteries unnecessarily, and are only suitable for checking battery quality or “reviving” relatively old cells. It also makes no sense to charge / discharge a battery before using it - unless you simply wish to check its quality.

Disposal of exhausted dry and rechargeable batteries

The German Battery Order places a legal requirement on every consumer to return all used and exhausted dry cells and rechargeable batteries. It is prohibited to dispose of these items in the ordinary domestic waste. At no charge to the user, old dry and rechargeable batteries can be surrendered at local authority collection points, Graupner retail outlets, and any other shop where dry and rechargeable batteries of the same type are sold. You can also send batteries supplied by us to the following address - with adequate pre-paid postage

- for disposal: Graupner GmbH & Co. KG

Service: Gebrauchte Batterien (Used batteries) Henriettenstr. 94 - 96

D-73230 Kirchheim unter Teck You can make an important contribution to environmen-

tal protection in this way.

Caution: Damaged batteries may require special packaging before despatch, as some contain highly toxic materials!!!!!

Safety Notes

mx-12 the latest generation of radio control technology

HoTT (Hopping Telemetry Transmission) is the synthesis of expertise, engineering and world-wide testing by professional pilots. The equipment operates on the 2.4 GHz band, and offers bi-directional communication between transmitter and receiver via a down-link channel integrated into the receiver.

The mx-12 HoTT RC system is based on the Graup- ner/JR mc-24 computer radio control system which was introduced back in 1997. It has been developed speciﬁ cally for the beginner, but the mx-12 HoTT is still capable of controlling all current model types without problem - whether ﬁ xed-wing model or helicopter, model boat or car.

In the area of ﬁ xed-wing models and helicopters it is often necessary to employ complex mixer functions for the control surfaces or the swashplate actuation system. Computer technology enables you to activate a vast range of functions to cope with special model requirements – just by pressing a button. With the mx- 12 HoTT all you do is select the appropriate model type, and the software then presents you automatically with the appropriate mixer and coupling functions. This means that the transmitter requires no additional modules in order to implement complex coupled functions, and you can forget all about old-fashioned mechanical mixers in the model. The mx-12 HoTT provides an extremely high level of safety and reliability in use.

The mx-12 HoTT offers ten model memories, each of which can store model settings for different ﬂ ight phases. Individual phases can be called up in ﬂ ight simply by operating a switch, so that you can try out various settings quickly and without risk. This can be for test purposes or for varying parameters for different phases of ﬂ ight.

The large graphic screen makes operating the transmitter a simple, intuitive process. Mixers and other functions can be displayed in graphic form, and this is extraordinarily helpful.

The beginner quickly becomes familiar with the different functions thanks to the clear, logically arranged program structure. Four-way buttons to left and right of the highcontrast screen are used to enter settings, allowing the user to exploit all the options he needs, in accordance with his experience in handling radio-controlled models.

In theory the Graupner HoTT process allows more than 200 models to be operated simultaneously. Although in practice the mixed operation of different technical systems in the 2.4 GHz ISM band – as required by the approval regulations – reduces this number considerably. Generally, however, it will always be possible to operate even more models simultaneously on the 2.4 GHz band than on the 35 / 40 MHz frequency bands which we have used to date. However, the actual limiting factor – as it has always been – is likely to remain the size of the (air-) space available. The simple fact that no frequency control procedure is necessary equates to an enormous gain in safety, especially at ﬂ ying sites such as gliding slopes where groups of pilots may be distributed over a large area, with nobody in overall control.

The integral Telemetry menu provides a simple means of accessing data and programming HoTT receivers. For example, this method can be used to map receiver outputs, distribute control functions to multiple servos, and match servo travels and directions to each other.

This manual describes each menu in detail, and also provides dozens of useful tips, notes and programming examples to complement the basic information. More general modelling terms, such as Transmitter controls,

Dual-Rates, Butterﬂ y (Crow) and many others, are all explained in the manual.

Please refer to the Appendix for additional information on the HoTT system. This manual concludes with the transmitter’s conformity declaration and guarantee certiﬁ cate.

Please read the safety notes and the technical information. We recommend that you read right through the instructions with great care, and check all the functions as described in the text. This can be carried out simply by connecting servos to the supplied receiver, and watching their response as you program the transmitter. However, please read the notes on page 20 in this regard. This is the quickest method of becoming familiar with the essential procedures and functions of the mx- 12 HoTT.

Always handle your radio-controlled model with a responsible attitude to avoid endangering yourself and others.

The Graupner team wishes you great pleasure and success with your mx-12 HoTT - a radio control system of the latest generation.

Kirchheim-Teck, June 2011

Introduction

mx-12 Computer System

Six-channel radio control set with Graupner HoTT 2.4 GHz technology (Hopping Telemetry Transmission)

Micro-computer radio control system exploiting the • latest Graupner HoTT 2.4 GHz technology

Bi-directional communication between transmitter • and receiver

Five different languages• German and English; subsequent software updates

will offer French, Italian and Spanish. Ultra-fast response times through direct, ultra-reliable •

data transmission from the main processor to the

2.4 GHz RF module. No additional delay caused by detours through a module processor.

Telemetry menu for displaying telemetry data, and • programming receiver outputs and optional sensors.

Telemetry display shows numerous programming and • analysis functions directly on the transmitter screen.

Speech output possible using optional speech output • module, Order No. 33001.71

User-selectable servo cycle times for digital servos, • min. 10 ms

Short, folding aerial• Methods of operation and programming based on the •

proven concepts of the mc-19 to mc-24 High-contrast graphic screen with blue backlighting •

ensures perfect monitoring of set-up parameters, such as model type, model memory, timers and

Graupner HoTT technology offers excellent reliability in use, with bi-directional communication between transmitter and receiver, integrated telemetry and ultra-fast response times.

Simpliﬁ ed programming technology with four-way push-buttons.

High-contrast eight-line graphic screen with blue backlighting for ultra-clear display of all set-up parameters and telemetry data. A micro-SD memory card can be used to back-up model data and store telemetry data.

12-bit / 4096-step channel signal resolution for extremely ﬁ ne control characteristics.

operating voltage. Function encoder with two four-way buttons for sim-•

pliﬁ ed programming and accurate settings Key-Lock function to guard against accidental opera-•

tion. Three programmable ﬂ ight phases• Ten model memories, with storage of all model-•

speciﬁ c programming and set-up parameters

Description of radio control set

mx-12 Computer System

Six-channel radio control set with Graupner HoTT 2.4 GHz technology (Hopping Telemetry Transmission)

Four switches (two three-way switches, one two-way • switch and one momentar controls - already installed and extremely versatile

Unrestricted assignment of all switches to switched • functions simply by operating the appropriate switch

Storage of model memories using the latest battery-• free back-up system

Six control functions with simpliﬁ ed, very convenient • assignment of transmitter controls for auxiliary functions, such as switches and proportional controls

Convenient mode selector provides simple method • of changing the stick mode (modes 1 - 4, e. g. throttle right / throttle left).

When you change modes, all the affected settings are switched at the same time.

Graphical servo display provides a straightforward • overview of the servo set-up, and a swift method of checking servo travels

Receiver output swap• Comprehensive programs for ﬁ xed-wing model •

aircraft and helicopters: Fixed-wing menu for: 1 AIL, 2 AIL, 2 AIL + 2 FLAP, V-

tail, delta / ﬂ ying wing, two elevator servos Fixed-wing mixer: diff aile, diff.ﬂ aps, ail ¼ rudd, ail

¼ ﬂ aps, brake ¼ elev, brake ¼ ﬂ ap, brake ¼ aile, elev ¼ ﬂ ap, elev ¼ aile, ﬂ ap ¼ elev, ﬂ ap ¼ aile and diff. reduction

Heli menu: 1-point, 2-point, 3-point and 4-point • linkages (1 servo, 2 servo, 3sv(2roll), 3sv(140°), 3sv(2nick (pitch-axis)), 4 SV (90°))

Swashplate limiter• Servo travel adjustment +/- 150% for all servo out-•

puts, variable separately for each side (Single Side

Description of radio control set

y switch), plus two digital

Servo Throw) Variable sub-trim, range +/- 125%, for adjusting the •

neutral position of all servos Servo reverse, programmable for all servos• EXPO / DUAL-RATE system, separately variable, can •

be switched in-ﬂ ight, ﬂ ight phase programmable Stopwatch / count-down timer with alarm function• Model memory copy function• Integral DSC socket for use with ﬂ ight simulators and •

Trainer systems

General features of the HoTT system

Simple, ultra-fast binding of transmitter and receiver• Multiple receivers can be bound per model for paral-•

lel operation Extremely fast re-binding, even at maximum range• Two-receiver satellite operation using special cable •

connection Range-check and warning function• Receiver low-voltage warning on transmitter screen• Ultra-wide receiver operating voltage range: 3.6 V to •

8.4 V (fully operational down to 2.5 V) Fail-Safe• Unrestricted channel assignment (channel-mapping), •

mixer functions and all servo settings programmable in the Telemetry menu

Up to four servos can be actuated simultaneously • as a block, with a servo cycle time of 10 ms (digital servos only)

Optimised frequency hopping and broad channel • spread for maximum interference rejection

Intelligent data transmission with corrective function• Real-time telemetr

y analysis•

More than 200 systems can be oper ously

Future-proof update capability using data interface•

ated simultane-•

The set Order No. 33112 contains:

mx-12 HoTT micro-computer transmitter with integral 4NH-2000 RX RTU ﬂ at-pack Ni-MH transmitter battery (speciﬁ cation reserved), Graupner GR-12 HoTT bi-directional receiver and plug-type battery charger.

Recommended battery chargers (optional)

Suitable for

the following

battery types

Order No. Description

220 V mains conn.

12 V DC connect.

NiCd

Ni-MH

LiPo

Lead-ac. 6407 Multilader 3 x x x x

6411 Ultramat 8 x x x x x

6425 Twin Charger x x

6427 Multilader 3 x x x x

6455 Multilader 7E x x x x

6463

Ultramat 12 plus

Pocket

xxxxx

6464 Ultramat 14 plus x x x x x x

6466 Ultra Trio plus 14 x x x x x x

6468 Ultramat 16S x x x x x x

6470 Ultramat 18 x x x x x x

Speciﬁ cation, mx-

12 HoTT transmitter

Frequency band 2,4 … 2,4835 GHz

Modulation FHSS

Transmitter power see country setting, page 115

Control functions Six functions; four with trims

Temperature range -10 … +55 °C

Aerial folding

Operating voltage 3,4 … 6 V

Current drain approx. 180 mA

Dimensions approx. 190 x 195 x 90 mm

Weight approx. 770 g with transmitter

battery

Integral charge. lead

Accessories

Order No. Description

1121 Neckstrap, 20 mm wide 70 Neckstrap, 30 mm wide 3097 Wind-shield for hand-held transmitter

Trainer leads for mx-12 HoTT:

see page 137

Speciﬁ cation, GR-12 HoTT receiver

Operating voltage 3,6 … 8,4 V

Current drain ca. 70 mA

Frequency band 2,4 … 2,4835 GHz

Modulation FHSS

Aerial approx. 145 mm long,

approx. 115 mm encapsulated and approx. 30 mm active

Servo sockets 6

Sensor socket 1 (instead of servo 5)

Temperature range approx. -15° … +70 °C

Dimensions approx. 36 x 21 x 10 mm

Weight approx. 7 g

To recharge the mx-16iFS system you will also need the transmitter charge lead, Order No. 3022, and the receiver battery charge lead, Order No. 3021, unless stated otherwise in the table.

For details of additional battery chargers, and details of the chargers listed here, please refer to the main Graupner FS catalogue, or our Internet site at www.graupner.de.

Replacement parts

Order No. Description

2498.4FBEC

4NH-2000 RX RTU, ﬂ at-pack

33800 HoTT transmitter aerial

Description of radio control set

Operating Notes

Transmitter power supply

The mx-12 HoTT transmitter is ﬁ tted as standard with a high-capacity rechargeable 4NH-2000 RX RTU Ni-MH battery (Order No. 2498.4FBEC) (speciﬁ cation reserved). When delivered, the standard rechargeable

battery is not charged.

When you are using the transmitter you can monitor the battery voltage on the LCD screen. If the voltage of the transmitter battery falls below a certain point, you will hear an audible warning signal. The screen then displays a message reminding you that the transmitter battery needs to be recharged.

0:00 0:00

HoTT

0.0V

#01

4.7V 0:22h

stop

battery

needs charging!!

Always recharge the transmitter battery in good time. When you see this message, cease operations immediately and recharge the transmitter battery.

Charging the transmitter battery

The rechargeable Ni-MH transmitter battery can be recharged with the battery charger (Order No. 33116.2) supplied in the set, using the charge socket located on the right-hand side of the transmitter. Leave the battery inside the transmitter for charging, to avoid premature damage to the internal battery socket.

As an approximate guideline a discharged battery should be charged for twelve hours at a current corresponding to one tenth of the capacity printed on the pack. If you are using the standard transmitter battery and the charger supplied in the set, this current is

Operating Notes

200 mA. The transmitter must be switched “OFF” for the whole

period of the charge process. Never switch on the transmitter when it is still connected to the charger; even a very brief interruption in the process can cause the charge voltage to rise to the point where the transmitter is immediately damaged. For this reason check carefully that all connectors are secure, and are making really good contact.

Polarity of the mx-12 HoTT charge socket

Commercially available battery charge leads produced by other manufacturers are often made up with the opposite polarity. For this reason it is essential to use only the genuine Graupner charge lead, Order No. 3022.

Using automatic battery chargers

Although the standard transmitter charge socket is protected against reversed polarity, it is still possible to use suitable chargers to fast-charge the transmitter battery.

If possible, set the delta peak voltage difference of your fast charger to a value in the range 10 mV … 20 mV or equivalent, as described in the charger’s instructions; this ensures that it is suitable for fast-charging Ni-MH cells.

First connect the banana plugs on the charge lead to the charger, and only then connect the other end of the charge lead to the charge socket on the transmitter. When the charge lead is connected to the transmitter, never allow the bare ends of the plugs to touch! To avoid damage to the transmitter, the charge current must never exceed 1 A. If necessary, limit the current on the charger itself.

Removing the transmitter battery

To remove the transmitter battery, ﬁ rst disengage the cover over the battery compartment on the back of the transmitter, then lift it off:

Remove the battery, then carefully pull on the power lead to disconnect the transmitter battery connector.

Installing the transmitter battery

Hold the connector attached to the transmitter battery in such a way that the black or brown wire faces the aerial, and the unused socket of the battery connector is on the side facing the bottom, then push the battery connector onto the three pins projecting out of the inside of the transmitter, in the direction of the circuit board. (The battery connector is protected against reversed polarity by two chamfered edges; see illustration).

Finally place the battery in the compartment, and close the cover.

Polarity of transmitter battery connector

Battery timer, bottom left corner of the screen

This timer displays the cumulative operating time of the transmitter since the last time the transmitter battery was charged.

This timer is automatically reset to “0:00” when the transmitter detects that the voltage of the transmitter battery is signiﬁ cantly higher than the last time it was switched on, e. g. as a result of a charge process.

#01

6.1V

0:00h

99%

stop flt

0:00 0:00

HoTT

0.0V

Operating Notes

Receiver power supply

A wide range of rechargeable four-cell and ﬁ ve-cell NiMH batteries varying in capacity is available for use as the receiver power supply. If you are using digital servos we recommend that you use a ﬁ ve-cell (6 V) pack of generous capacity. If your model is ﬁ tted with a mixture of digital and analogue servos, it is important to check the maximum permissible operating voltage of all the types.

The PRX unit, Order No. 4136, provides a stabilised receiver power supply with a user-variable voltage from one or two receiver batteries; see Appendix.

For reasons of safety battery boxes or dry cells should never be used.

The voltage of the airborne power supply is displayed on the transmitter screen while the model is ﬂ ying:

stop

#01

5.2V

2:22h

If the voltage falls below the pre-set warning threshold -

3.8 Volt as standard, b see page 126 - a visual and audible low-voltage warning is triggered.

Nevertheless it is important to check the state of the batteries at regular intervals. Don’t put off charging the batteries until the warning signal is triggered.

Note: Please refer to the main Graupner FS catalogue or visit the Internet site at www.graupner.de for full details of batteries, chargers, measuring equipment and battery monitor units.

51%

flt

ut variable in the Telemetry menu;

0:00 0:00

HoTT

5.5V

Charging the receiver battery

The charge lead, Order No. 3021, can be connected directly to the NC receiver battery for charging. If the battery is installed in a model and you have installed one of the following switch harnesses: Order No. 3046, 3934 or 3934.1 or 3934.3, the battery can be charged via the separate charge socket, or the charge socket which is built into the switch. The switch on the switch harness must be left at the “OFF” position for charging.

Polarity of the receiver battery connector

General notes on battery charging

Observe the recommendations provided by the • charger manufacturer and the battery manufacturer at all times.

Keep to the maximum permissible charge current • stated by the battery manufacturer.

The maximum charge current for the transmitter • battery is 1.5 A. Limit the charge current to this value on the charger.

If you wish to charge the transmitter battery at a • current higher than 1.5 A, you must ﬁ rst remove the pack from the transmitter, otherwise you risk damaging the circuit board through overloading the conductor tracks, and / or overheating the battery.

Carry out a series of test charges to ensure that the • automatic charge termination circuit works correctly with your battery. This applies in particular if you wish to charge the standard Ni-MH battery using an automatic charger designed for Ni-Cd batteries.

You may need to adjust the Delta Peak trigger volt-• age, if your charger provides this option.

Do not discharge the battery or carry out a battery • maintenance program via the integral charge socket. The charge socket is not suitable for this application.

Always connect the charge lead to the charger ﬁ rst, • and only then to the transmitter or receiver battery. Observing this rule eliminates the danger of accidental short-circuits between the bare contacts of the charge lead plugs.

If the battery becomes hot when on charge, it is time • to check the pack’s condition. Replace it if necessary, or reduce the charge current.

Never leave batteries unsupervised when on • charge.

Environmental protection notes

Important information on the disposal of dry and rechargeable batteries:

- for disposal: Graupner GmbH & Co. KG

Service: Gebrauchte Batterien (Used batteries) Henriettenstr. 94 - 96

D-73230 Kirchheim unter Teck You can make an important contribution to environmen-

tal protection in this way.

Operating Notes

Adjusting stick length

Both sticks are inﬁ nitely variable in length over a broad range, enabling you to set them to suit your personal preference.

Hold the bottom half of the knurled grip ﬁ rmly, and unscrew the top section:

Now screw the stick top in or out (shorter or longer) to the length you prefer before tightening the top and bottom sections against each other to ﬁ x the stick top.

Opening the transmitter case

Please read the following notes carefully before you open the transmitter. If you have no experience in such matters, we recommend that you ask your nearest Graupner Service Centre to carry out the work for you.

The transmitter should only be opened in the following cases:

When a self-neutralising stick needs to be converted • to non-neutralising action, or a non-neutralising stick to a self-neutralising action.

If you wish to adjust the stick centring spring tension.•

Before opening the transmitter check that it is switched off (move Power switch to “OFF”).

Open the battery compartment and remove the transmitter battery as described on the previous double page, together with any micro-SD card already installed.

After this, use a PH1-size cross-point screwdriver to undo the six screws recessed into the back panel of the transmitter, as shown in the illustration:

Arrangement of the case back screws

Hold the two case sections together with your hand, and turn the unit over to allow these six screws to fall out onto the table. Now carefully raise the case back and fold it open to the right, as if you were opening a book.

C A U T I O N Two multi-core cables connect the lower shell to the

transmitter electronics located in the top section. Please take great care not to damage this cable!

Important:

Do not modify the transmitter circuit in any way, • as this invalidates your guarantee and ofﬁ cial approval for the system.

Do not touch any part of the circuit boards with • any metal object. Avoid touching the contacts with your ﬁ ngers.

Never switch the transmitter on while the case is • open.

Please note the following points when closing the transmitter:

Make sure that no cables are jammed between the • transmitter case sections when you close the back.

Check that the two case sections fit together flush all • round before fitting the retaining screws. Never force the two case components together.

Fit the case screws in the existing threads, and tight-• en them gently. Over-tightening them will strip the threads in the plastic.

Remember to re-connect the battery.•

Operating Notes

Do not touch trans-

mitter circuit board

Do not touch trans-

mitter circuit board

Left-hand stick unit

Right-hand stick unit

Folding aerial

Converting the dual-axis stick units

Self-centring action

Either or both sticks can be converted from self-neutralising to non self-neutralising action: start by opening the transmitter as described on the previous page.

If you wish to change the standard stick unit arrangement, start by locating the screw on the left-hand stick unit shown circled in white in the photo below.

Self-centring screw

Brake springs

Adjuster screws

Charge socket

Right-hand stick unit

Do not touch trans-

mitter circuit board

Do not touch trans-

Left-hand stick unit

Adjuster screws for stick centring force

Self-centring screw

Brake springs

Adjuster screws

Memory card slot

Note: The right-hand stick unit is of mirror-image construction, i. e. the screw you require is located on the right, below centre.

Turn this screw clockwise until the stick on that side moves freely from one end-stop to the other; alternatively unscrew it until the stick is fully self-centring again.

Operating Notes

horizontal

vertical

Brake spring and ratchet

You can alter the braking force of the stick by adjusting the outer of the two screws circled in white in the next picture; adjusting the inner screw alters the strength of the ratchet:

Note: The right-hand stick unit is of mirror-image construction, i. e. the screw you require is located on the right, below centre.

Stick centring force

The centring force of the sticks is also variable to suit your preference. The adjustment system is located adjacent to the centring springs; see the white circles in the following photo.

You can set the preferred centring spring force by rotating the corresponding adjuster screw using a cross-point screwdriver:

Turn to the right = harder spring tension;• Turn to the left = softer spring tension.•

vertical

horizontal

Note: The right-hand stick unit is of mirror-image construction, i. e. the screw you require is located on the right, below centre.

Operating Notes

Description of transmitter

Transmitter controls

Attaching the transmitter neckstrap

You will ﬁ nd a strap lug mounted in the centre of the front face of the mx-12 HoTT transmitter, as shown in the drawing on the right. This lug is positioned in such a way that the transmitter is perfectly balanced even when suspended from a neckstrap.

Order No. 1121 Neckstrap, 20 mm wide Order No. 70 Neckstrap, 30 mm wide

Important note: In the transmitter’s standard form any servos connected to the receiver can initially only be operated using the dual-axis sticks. For maximum ﬂ exibility, all the other transmitter controls (CTRL 7 … 8, SW 1, 3 … 7) are “free” in software terms, and can be assigned to any channels you like, enabling you to set up the system to suit your personal preference or the requirements of a particular model. This is carried out in the “contr set.” menu, as described on pages 74 (ﬁ xed-wing models) and 76 (model helicopters).

Description of transmitter

Aerial with folding / rotating base

Rotary proportional control CTRL 7

3-position switch SW 4/5

2-position momentary switch SW 1

Left-hand stick

Tr im

ON / OFF switch

Left-hand four-way button

Central Status LED

Neckstrap lug

Rotary proportional control CTRL 8

Carry handle

3-possition switch SW 6/7

2-position switch SW 3

Right-hand stick

Tr im

Right-hand four-way button

LCD screen

Data socket for connecting Smart-Box, Order No. 33700

DSC socket for connecting ﬂ ight simulators and for Teacher mode

Case screw

Transmitter battery

charge socket

Case screw

Battery compartment cover

Case screw

Option well for speech output

module Order No. 33001.71

Three-pin socket for connecting transmitter to a PC

Case screw

Optional headphone socket

If you install the optional speech output module, Order No. 33001.71, and replace the name plate, it is possible to connect a standard commercial earphone or headphones ﬁ tted with a 3.5 mm barrel plug (not included in the set) to the central socket.

Signals and voice messages associated with the Telemetry menu are generated via this optional socket, as are the transmitter’s audible signals. As standard these messages are spoken in the German language. For more details please see the section entitled “Voice” in the section “SECRET MODE” starting on page 26, and “Telemetry” on page 131.

The volume of the headphone output can be adjusted in the “Voice volume” line of the “Basic Settings” menu; see page 115.

Three-pin “PC” socket

This socket can be used to connect the transmitter to a PC running Windows XP, Vista or 7 using the optional USB adapter, Order No. 7168.6 and the connecting lead, Order No. 6466.S.

The software required at the PC, including a suitable USB driver, can be found in the Download section for the corresponding product at www.graupner.de.

Once you have installed the software required, you can also update the transmitter via this connection.

Data socket

For connecting the optional Smart-Box, Order No. 33700. For more details about the Smart-Box please refer to the

main Graupner FS catalogue, or refer to that product on the Internet at www.graupner.de.

Description of transmitter

DSC

Direct Servo Control

The original function of this socket was for “Direct Servo Control”, and that’s why the abbreviation is still in use. However, for technical reasons “direct servo control” is no longer possible with the HoTT system using a diagnosis lead.

The mx-12 HoTT transmitter’s standard two-pole DSC socket is now used as a Trainer (buddy box) socket (Teacher or Pupil), and as an interface for ﬂ ight simulators.

For the DSC connection to work you must check the following:

Carry out any adjustments required in the appropri-1. ate menus:

See page 134 for information on setting up the mx- 12 HoTT transmitter to work as part of a Trainer system.

ALWAYS2. leave the transmitter’s On / Off switch in the “OFF” position when using a ﬂ ight simulator, and when using the mx-12 HoTT transmitter as a Pu- pil unit in a Trainer system, for only in this position is the RF section of the transmitter module switched off (no RF signal) even when the DSC lead is plugged in. At the same time the transmitter’s current drain is reduced slightly.

The central Status LED should now glow a constant red, and the abbreviation “DSC” appears in the transmitter’s base display on the left, below the model number. At the same time the display of telemetry symbols is suppressed:

PUPIL

#11 DSC

6.0V

0:01h

The transmitter is now ready for use. In contrast, when the mx-

Teacher mode, the transmitter must be switched on before the appropriate cable is plugged in.

Connect the other end of the connecting lead to the 3. appropriate apparatus, taking into account the operating instructions supplied with that device.

Important: Ensure that all connectors are ﬁ rmly seated in

their sockets.

Note regarding ﬂ ight simulators: The range of ﬂ ight simulators available commercially is now very wide, and you may ﬁ nd that it is necessary to swap over certain contacts at the barrel connector or the DSC module. This work must be carried out by a Graupner Service Centre.

99%

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12 HoTT is used in

0:00 0:00

HoTT

Data storage

Card slot

micro-SD and micro-SDHC When you switch off the mx-12 HoTT transmitter and

remove the battery compartment cover, you will see the card slot for memory cards (of the micro-SD and microSDHC type) in the right-hand side of the compartment:

Any standard commercial micro-SD memory card with a capacity of up to 2 GB can be used, and also any microSDHC card of up to 32 GB. However, the manufacturer recommends the use of memory cards with capacities up to only 4 GB, as these are completely adequate in all normal circumstances.

The memory cards for which the transmitter is intended are familiar from their use in digital cameras and mobile telephones. Place the card in the slot with the contacts facing up, towards the back panel, and push it in until it locks. Re-install the battery and close the battery compartment; the transmitter can now be switched on again. The base display shows a stylised memory card symbol to indicate that a memory card is present:

Description of transmitter

stop

#01

5.2V

3:33h

Note: If there is an SD card installed, withdraw it BEFORE you remove the transmitter’s back panel, otherwise there is a risk that you will damage the card.

Data recording / storage

The process of saving data on the SD card is coupled to the ﬂ ight timer: if the timer is started, then data saving commences - provided that a suitable memory card is in the card slot, and a telemetry connection to the receiver exists - and ceases again when the ﬂ ight timer is stopped. The ﬂ ight timer is started and stopped as described in the “Timers” section on page 59 for ﬁ xed-wing models, and pages 67 and 68 for model helicopters.

When data is being recorded, the card symbol ﬂ ashes constantly and slowly.

When data is being written to the memory card, the memory card symbol swells from left to right to indicate the process.

When a data storage process is concluded, you will ﬁ nd an (empty) “Models” folder and a “Log-Data” folder on the memory card. The latter contains the log ﬁ les, stored in sub-folders named “Model name”, using the format

0001.bin, 0002.bin etc. However, if a model memory has not yet been named, then you will ﬁ nd the associated log ﬁ les in a sub-folder named “NoName” when you remove the memory card from the transmitter and

50%

flt

0:00 0:00

HoTT

5.5V

insert it in the card slot of a PC or laptop. If you wish, the standard - ﬁ xed - date of creation can be changed on the PC using a suitable program, and the data can subsequently be analysed on a compatible PC using the PC program available on the Download page for the transmitter at www.graupner.de.

Importing voice ﬁ les

As mentioned in the section entitled “Optional headphone socket” on page 21, signals and messages associated with the Telemetry menu can be generated via the optional speech output module, Order No. 33001.71, in addition to the transmitter’s audible signals. As standard these telemetry messages are spoken in the German language. The messages are grouped together to form a language pack and stored in the transmitter’s internal memory, but this can be replaced at any time by a language pack in a different language. For more details on this please refer to the section entitled “HIDDEN MODE” starting on page 26.

Importing and exporting model memories

Any model memories can be copied onto a memory card in the transmitter, or copied from the card into the transmitter, so that you can exchange data between identical transmitters, and also back up your data. For more information please see the “Model memories” section starting on page 52.

Note: Some of the special characters used in certain model names cannot be accepted due to speciﬁ c limitations of the FAT or FAT32 ﬁ le system used by memory cards. During the copy process they are replaced by a tilde (~) character.

Description of transmitter

Screen and keypad

Visual display of the trim lever positions; alternatively - if rotary controls CTRL 7 or 8 are operated - display of the current settings of these two controls

Model name

Model memory 1 … 10

Left-hand four-way button

ef cd leaf through ef pressed brieﬂ y together:

switches to Servo display menu

ESC = interrupt / back ESC pressed for about one

Switches to the

second; T

elemetry menu, and

back to the base display

y voltage and charge state in %

Batter

(If voltage falls below a particular level, a warning display appears - see pictures on right-hand page; at the same time a warning signal is emitted.)

Model type display

(ﬁ xed-wing / helicopter)

See page 28 for possible warnings

Stopwatch in min:sec (count-up / count-down)

Flight phase name

Switching between ﬂ ight phases using switch

Flight timer in min:sec (count-up / count-down)

Right-hand four-way button

ef cd leaf through / alter values

SET Select / Conﬁ rm

Simultaneous brief press of

ef or cd = CLEAR

Receiver power supply voltage

Battery operating time since

last battery charge, in hr:min

Description of transmitter - screen and keypad

Signal strength indicator

Operating the “Data Terminal”

Input buttons ESC, SET, CLEAR,

symbols

On-screen telemetry symbols

The active model memory is not yet “bound”

Not ﬂ ashing: RF switched off at transmitter

Flashing aerial symbol: The last receiver bound to the active model is inactive, or out of range

>M x No telemetry signal detected

Signal strength display

Display of Pupil signal strength on the Teacher

transmitter’s screen.

Buttons to the left of the screen

ESC• button

Pressing the ESC button returns you step by step within the function select system, taking you r back to the basic display. If you make a change in the meantime, the change is retained.

If pressed for about one seconds in the base display,

ESC opens and closes the Telemetry menu.

uttons • ef cd

Arrow b

Pressing one of these buttons allows you to leaf 1. through lists, such as the Model Select or MultiFunction list, always moving in the direction of the arrow; the arrow buttons are also used to move through menu lines within menus.

Simultaneously pressing the 2. ef buttons switches from the base transmitter display, and from almost any menu position, into the “Servo display” menu.

ight

Buttons to the right of the screen

SET• button

Starting from the base screen displa pears when you switch the transmitter on - a brief press of the SET button takes you to the multifunction menus menu using the SET button.

Within the set-up menus you can activate (con-2. ﬁ rm) and disable the corresponding set-up ﬁ elds by pressing the SET button.

uttons • ef cd

Arrow b

1. “Leafs through” the multi-function menu and the menu lines within the set-up menus, in the same manner as the left-hand four-way arrow buttons.

2. Selects and adjusts parameters in set-up ﬁ elds after you have activated them by pressing the SET

utton;

the buttons fc and ed are assigned

b the same function in each case, i. e. it makes absolutely no difference which of the two buttons you use.

3. A brief simultaneous press of the cd or ef buttons resets an altered parameter value in the active input ﬁ eld to the default value (CLEAR).

Notes: If you switch the transmitter off and then immediately on again, you may ﬁ nd that the four-way buttons have no effect. This is not a fault! Switch the transmitter off again, and wait a few seconds before switching it on once more.

. You can also call up a selected

y - as it ap-1.

Short-Cuts

You can call up particular menus or options directly using the following button combinations:

CLEAR• A brief simultaneous press of the cd or ef but-

tons of the right-hand four-way button resets an altered parameter value in the active input ﬁ eld to the default value.

“• Servo display” A brief simultaneous press of the ef buttons of the

left-hand four-way button switches from the transmitter’s base display, and from almost any menu position, to the “Servo display”, menu; see page 113.

“• Telemetry” Press the central ESC button of the left-hand four-

y button for about one second at the transmitter’s

w base display; see section starting on page 117.

“• HIDDEN MODE” (language selection and contrast)

Simultaneously press the arrow buttons cd of the left-hand four-way button AND the central SET button of the r ble-page.

Input lock•

Can be activated and disabled at the transmitter’s basic display by simultaneously holding the ESC and

SET buttons pressed in for about two seconds.

ight-hand f

our-way button; see next dou-

Description of transmitter - screen and keypad

HIDDEN MODE

Language selection and screen contrast The “HIDDEN MODE” (VERSTECKTER MODUS) menu

of the mx-12 HoTT transmitter can be accessed from virtually any menu position by holding the arrow buttons cd of the left-hand four-way button and the SET button of the r about one second this display appears:

CONTRAST

In the “CONTRAST” (KONTRAST) line you can adjust the screen contrast to suit your preference by brieﬂ y pressing the central SET button of the right-hand fourw

y button, as described in full on page 114 / 115. With

a second press of the SET or ESC button you return to the line select point.

In the …

LANGUAGE

… (SPRACHE) line below it, which you can access by pressing the arrow button d of the left-hand or righthand four-way button, you can select your preferred language.

ight-hand four-way button pressed in; after

¿VERSTECKTER MODUS¿

KONTRAST SPRACHE ANSAGEN

¿VERSTECKTER MODUS¿

KONTRAST SPRACHE ANSAGEN

0 DEUTSCH DEUTSCH

Activate the value ﬁ eld by pressing the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button:

¿VERSTECKTER MODUS¿

KONTRAST SPRACHE ANSAGEN

DEUTSCH

Now replace the default language “DEUTSCH” (German) with your preferred language using the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button. For example:

¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ CONTRAST LANGUAGE VOICE

ENGLISH

DEUTSCH

If you change the language, all the settings stored in the transmitter are retained in full. When this manual went to press, the following two languages were available:

German• English• French•

The languages Italian and Spanish will be made available later on the Download page of the transmitter at www.graupner.de in the form of an update.

VOICE MESSAGES

transmitter’s audible signals. As standard these telemetry messages are spoken in the German language. The messages are grouped together to form a language pack and stored in the transmitter’s internal memory, but it can be replaced at any time by a language pack in a different language.

When this manual went to press, the following languages were available:

German• English• French•

The languages Italian and Spanish will be made available later on the Download page of the transmitter at www.graupner.de in the form of additional voice ﬁ les.

The active voice package can be replaced using either the PC program which can be found on the transmitter’s Download page at ww.graupner.de, or using an SD card, as described below.

Preparation

If you have not already done so, insert your SD or SDHC card in the transmitter, as described on page 22. When you switch the transmitter on, it immediately creates a “VoiceFile” folder on the memory card.

Remove the prepared memory card from the transmitter, and insert it in a suitable card reader. Connect this to your PC or laptop, and copy the voice package, typically “voice_gb.vdf”, into this folder; this is the ﬁ le which you previously downloaded from the transmitter’s Download page. Remove the memory card from the card reader, and insert it in the transmitter once more. Switch the transmitter on with RF switched off:

Description of transmitter

RF ON/OFF?

ON OFF

Changing the language

Use the arrow b

uttons of the left or right-hand four-way

button to move to the “VOICE” line:

¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ CONTRAST LANGUAGE VOICE

0 ENGLISH DEUTSCH

Activate voice output by pressing the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button:

¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ CONTRAST LANGUAGE VOICE

0 ENGLISH

DEUTSCH

Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button to replace the default language “DEUTSCH” (German) with the language of your choice. For example:

¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ CONTRAST LANGUAGE VOICE

0 ENGLISH

ENGLISH

Conﬁ rm your choice by pressing the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button once more: the selected voice package is now loaded into the transmitter’s memory:

¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ CONTRAST LANGUAGE VOICE

22/100%

0 ENGLISH ENGLISH

The loading process is ﬁ nished when the progress bar at the bottom edge of the screen disappears:

¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ CONTRAST LANGUAGE VOICE

0 ENGLISH ENGLISH

Finally switch the transmitter off to conclude the procedure.

All the settings stored in the transmitter are retained in full even after you have switched languages.

Notes:

If the warning message …•

MUST BE

OFF

dure. If the warning …•

SD-CARD

INSERT

… appears, then there is no memory card in the card slot, or the card cannot be read.

If the war

ning …•

MISSING

IMPORT

DATA

… appears, then there is no suitable voice ﬁ le on the SD card you have inserted.

… appears, then the transmitter’s RF section is still active. Switch this section off in the “RF module” line of the “Basic settings” menu, and repeat the proce-

Description of transmitter

battery needs charging

throttle

too

high !

Warnings

BIND N/A

RF ON/OFF?

fail safe setup t.b.d

MISSING

IMPORT

DATA

OFF

“Binding not present” No receiver is bound to the

currently active model memory. You can move directly to the appropriate option by brieﬂ y pressing the SET button.

Do you want the RF signal to be “ON”

or “OFF?

Battery must be charged Operating voltage too low

Fail-Safe not yet set up

No suitable voice ﬁ les found on the memory card

CAN‘T

RECEIVE

DATA

student

signal

SD-CARD

INSERT

No bound receiver in range.

No connection between Teacher and Pupil tr

ansmitters

No SD or SDHC memory card in the card slot, or card cannot be read.

TRAINER

Wireless Link

INHACT

A “wireless Trainer connection” was used before the transmitter w

as last switched off; do you wish that con-

nection to be continued (ACT), or switched OFF (INH)?

On-screen function ﬁ elds

SEL, STO, SYM, ASY, , The bottom line of the screen displays function ﬁ elds

which vary according to the menu selected.

SEL STO SYM ASY

The function ﬁ elds are activated by pressing the SET button.

Function ﬁ elds

SEL• select STO• store (e. g. transmitter control position) SYM• adjust values symmetrically ASY• adjust values asymmetrically

• Switch symbol ﬁ eld (assigning switches of all kinds)

• Switch to second page (next menu) within a menu

The throttle stick (or helicopter limiter) is set too far in the direction of full-throttle

Request to switch off the RF

MUST BE

OFF

section (voice ﬁ les can only be loaded

with the RF section switched off)

Description of transmitter

Position display

Rotary proportional controls CTRL 7 and 8 As soon as you operate one of the two rotary controls

CTRL 7 + 8 on the centre console, a small symbol appears to the right of the tw

At the same time the position display of the two central vertical bars switches for the duration of the actuation from the display of the current trim position to the current position of the rotary controls CTRL 7 + 8.

As you would expect, the left-hand bar represents the position of the left-hand rotary control CTRL 7, and the right-hand bar reﬂ ects the position of CTRL 8 (however, both horizontal bars continue to show the current position of the corresponding transmitter stick trim levers):

#01

5.2V

3:33h

o vertical position indicators:

stop flt

50%

0:00 0:00

HoTT

Input lock

To prevent programming errors, it is possible to lock the four-way buttons, and with them access to all the set-up options, from the base display of the mx-12 HoTT transmitter by pressing the ESC and SET buttons simultaneously for about two seconds inverted key symbol at the centre point of the trim bars:

#01

5.2V

3:33h

The lock is immediately active, but the control system remains ready for use.

Pressing the ESC and SET buttons again for about two seconds disengages the lock: the ne the transmitter on, the lock is also disengaged.

50%

. This is indicated by an

stop flt

0:00 0:00

HoTT

5.5V

xt time you switch

About two seconds after you cease operating one of the two rotary controls, the screen reverts to a display of the current position of the four trim levers for the two dualaxis stick units.

Description of transmitter

Using the transmitter for the ﬁ rst time

Preliminary notes regarding the mx-12 HoTT transmitter

For more information please visit our Internet site at www.graupner.de

Preliminary notes

In theory the Graupner HoTT system permits the simultaneous operation of more than 200 models.

However, in practice the mixed operation of different technical systems in the 2.4 GHz ISM band - as required by the approval regulations - reduces this number considerably. Generally, however, it will always be possible to operate even more models simultaneously on the 2.4 GHz band than on the 35 / 40 MHz frequency bands which we have used to date. However, the actual limiting factor - as it has always been - is likely to remain the size of the (air-) space available. The simple fact that no frequency control procedure is necessary - a great convenience in itself - equates to an enormous gain in safety, especially at ﬂ ying sites where groups of pilots may be distributed over a large area, with nobody in overall control.

Battery charged?

When you take receipt of your transmitter, the battery will be in the discharged state, so you must ﬁ rst charge it as described on page 14. If you do not do this, the battery will soon fall below the pre-set threshold voltage, and you will see and hear a warning signal to remind you to recharge it.

Switching the transmitter on

When you switch the transmitter on, the following display appears in the centre of the transmitter screen for about two seconds:

RF ON/OFF?

OFF

Using the transmitter for the ﬁ rst time

battery needs charging

Within this period you can switch off the RF signal if required by moving the black ﬁ eld to the right using the c or f arrows of the right-hand four-way button; when you do this, ON should appear normal, and OFF in inverse

lack background).

form (b

You can now switch the RF module off by pressing the central SET

Until this point the central LED glowed blue, but it now changes to red, and at the same time the screen switches to the transmitter’s base display:

The symbol combination means that the currently active model memory is already “bound” to a Graupner HoTT receiver, but there is currently no connection with this receiver. (In our example we - of course - switched off the RF signal!)

In contrast, if you switch the transmitter on without switching off the RF signal, the central LED glows an intense blue, and the symbolic transmitter mast ﬂ ashes. At the same time the transmitter emits an audible warning until a connection is made with the corresponding receiver. Once this connection exists, a ﬁ eld strength indicator appears instead of the “x” at the base of the symbolic aerial, for example audible warnings cease.

button of the right-hand four-way button.

#01

50%

5.2V

0:33h

RF ON/OFF?

ON OFF

stop flt

, and the visual and

0:00 0:00

HoTT

0.0V

At the right of the same line a display in the same format appears when a telemetry connection is made, showing the strength of the telemetry signal picked up from the receiver (>M receiver power supply.

However, if the symbol combination the central LED glows a constant red, the currently active model memory is not “bound” to any receiver.

Low-voltage warning

If the transmitter voltage falls below a particular value, a visual and audible low-voltage warning is generated. The default value is 4.7 V, but this can be varied in the “Basic Settings” menu (page 114).

Firmware update

Firmware updates for the transmitter are carried out at the owner’s discretion using the three-pin PC interface on the back of the transmitter, in conjunction with a PC running Windows XP, Vista or 7. It is essential to check

the state of charge of the transmitter battery before any update; recharge it to be on the safe side, and be sure to back up all stored model memories before carrying out the update, so that you can restore the data if necessary.

To connect the transmitter to a PC you also require the optional USB adapter, Order No. 7168.6 and the connecting lead, Order No. 6466.S.

The latest software and information can be found in the Download section for the corresponding product at www. graupner.de.

Note: Once you have registered your transmitter at http:// graupner.de/de/service/produktregistrierung you will automatically be informed of new updates by e-mail as

) together with the actual voltage of the

appears, and

they become available.

Important notes:

The transmitter included in the set is prepared at • the factory with the correct settings for most European countries (except France).

If you wish to operate the RC system in France, you MUST ﬁ rst set the Country setting on the transmitter to “FRANCE” mode; see page 115. IT IS PROHIBITED to use the system IN FRANCE using the Universal / EUROPE mode!

You can operate up to six servos using the • mx- 12 HoTT transmitter and the receiver supplied in the set, which is already bound to the transmitter.

However, in the interest of maximum possible ﬂ exibility, control channels 5 and 6 are not assigned to transmitter controls by default; this also helps to eliminate the danger of inadvertently using them incorrectly. For the same reason virtually all the mixers are inactive by default. For more details of this please refer to page 74 (ﬁ xedwing model) or 76 (helicopter).

The basic procedure for programming a new • model memory can be found on page 48, and in the programming examples starting on page 144.

When switching on, binding or setting up the ra-• dio control system, please ensure at all times that the transmitter aerial is an adequate distance from the receiver aerials. If the transmitter aerial is too close to the receiver aerials, the receiver will be swamped, and the red LED on the receiver will begin to glow. At the same time the downlink channel will stop working. As a result the ﬁ eld strength bars on the transmitter screen are

replaced by “x”, and the receiver battery voltage is displayed as 0.0 V. At the same time the radio control system switches to Fail-Safe mode.

If this should happen, simply increase the distance between transmitter and receiver until the displays revert to “normal”.

Using the transmitter for the ﬁ rst time

Using the receiver for the ﬁ rst time

Preliminary notes regarding the GR-12 receiver

For more information please visit the Internet at www.graupner.de.

Receiving system

The mx-12 HoTT radio control set includes a GR-12

2.4 GHz bi-directional receiver which is suitable for connection to a maximum of six servos.

In order to create a connection to the transmitter, the Graupner HoTT receiver must ﬁ rst be “bound” to “its” model memory in “its” Graupner HoTT transmitter; this procedure is known as “binding”. However, binding is only necessary once for each receiver / model memory combination (see pages 61 or 70), and has already been carried out at the factory for model memory 1 using the components supplied in the set. You therefore only need to carry out the “binding” process with additional receivers, or if you switch to a different model memory. The procedure can also be repeated whenever you wish - for instance, if you change the transmitter.

For this reason, if you connect the GR-12 HoTT receiver supplied in the set to a power supply and switch it on, the integral LED brieﬂ y lights up green, and then goes out again, assuming that “its” transmitter is not in range, or is switched off. If a connection is made, the LED glows a constant green.

Note: If the LED glows a constant green, but the receiver responds neither to the SET button nor to control commands, then please check the polarity of your receiver power supply.

Receiver voltage display

Once a telemetry connection exists, the actual voltage of the receiver power supply is displayed on the righthand side of the transmitter screen.

Temperature warning

If the temperature of the receiver falls below a limit value set on the receiver (the default is -10°C), or exceeds the upper warning threshold, which is also set on the receiver (the default is +70°C), the transmitter generates a warning in the form of steady beeps at intervals of about one second.

Firmware update

Fir

mw the receiver’s telemetry socket - in the case of the GR12 receiver supplied as standard in the set this is servo socket 5, which is also marked with a “T” - in conjunction with a PC running Windows XP, Vista or 7. To connect the receiver to a PC you require the separately available USB interface, No. 7168.6 and the adapter lead, Order No. 7168.6A. The latter - like all other connecting leads

- must always be connected to the GR-12 receiver with the brown or black wire facing up.

The latest software and information can be found in the Download area for the corresponding product at www. graupner.de.

Note: Once you have registered your transmitter at http:// graupner.de/de/service/produktregistrierung you will automatically be informed of new updates by e-mail as they become available.

Servo connections and polarity

The servo sockets of Graupner HoTT receivers are numbered. The connector system is polarised: look for the small chamfers when inserting the connectors, and on no account force the plugs into the sockets.

The power supply is through-connected via all the num-

are updates for the receiver are carried out using

bered sockets. If there is no vacant servo socket, it is also possible to connect the power supply via a Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11, in parallel with a servo.

Do not connect the battery to these sockets with reversed polarity, as this is likely to ruin the receiver and any devices connected to it.

The function of each individual channel is determined by the transmitter you are using, rather than by the receiver. The throttle servo socket is deﬁ ned by the radio control system, and may differ according to the make and type. For example, in the case of Graupner radio control systems the throttle function is assigned to channel 1 for ﬁ xed-wing models, and channel 6 for helicopters.

Servo socket 5: “SERVO” or “SENSOR”

The servo socket 5, which is marked with an additional “T” …

Servo

sensor

… can be used not only to update the receiver by connecting the adapter lead, Order No. 7168.6A, but also to connect a telemetry sensor.

However, to ensure that the receiver correctly detects the device connected to this socket, servo socket 5 MUST be reset from “SERVO” to “SENSOR” and vice versa to suit the device. This is carried out in the “Te- lemetry” menu on the “RX CURVE” page of the “SETTING & DATA VIEW” sub-menu. See the section starting on page 118 for more details:

Using the receiver for the ﬁ rst time

RX CURVE CURVE1 CH : 02 TYPE : A CURVE2 CH : 05 TYPE : A CURVE3 CH : 04 TYPE : B 5CH FUNCTION:SERVO

On this menu page locate the “>” symbol at the left-hand edge of the screen, use the d arrow button of the left or right-hand four-way button to move it to the bottom line, and then press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button:

RX CURVE CURVE1 CH : 02 TYPE : A CURVE2 CH : 05 TYPE : A CURVE3 CH : 04 TYPE : B 5CH FUNCTION:SERVO

Now select the alternative “SENSOR” setting using one of the two arrow buttons cd of the right-hand four-way button:

RX CURVE CURVE1 CH : 02 TYPE : A CURVE2 CH : 05 TYPE : A CURVE3 CH : 04 TYPE : B 5CH FUNCTION:SENSOR

A further press of the central SET button of the righthand four-way button concludes your choice. Now press the central ESC button of the left-hand four-way button repeatedly until you return to the transmitter’s base display.

Concluding notes:

The much higher servo resolution of the HoTT sys-• tem results in a substantially more direct response compared with previous technologies. Please take a little time to become accustomed to the ﬁ ner control characteristics offered by the system!

If you wish to use a speed controller with integral • BEC* system in parallel with a separate receiver battery, in most cases (depending on the speed controller) the positive terminal (red wire) must be removed from the three-pin connector, as shown in the diagram. Be sure to read the appropriate notes in the instructions supplied with your speed controller before doing this.

Carefully raise the central lug of the connector slight-

ly (1), withdraw the red wire (2) and insulate the bare contact with tape to avoid possible short

red

circuits (3).

Observe the installation notes regarding the receiver, receiver aerial and servos, which you will ﬁ nd on page 34.

Reset

If you wish to carry out a receiver reset, locate the SET button on the top of the receiv

er and hold it in while you

connect its power supply; release the button again. If the reset is carried out with the transmitter switched

off, or if the receiver is not already bound, the receiver LED ﬂ ashes red slowly after about two or three seconds; at this stage it is immediately possible to initiate a binding process at the transmitter. If the reset is carried

* Battery Elimination Circuit

out with an already bound receiver, if the transmitter is switched on, and if the associated model memory is active, then the LED lights up green after a short interval to indicate that your transmitter / receiving system is ready for use once more.

Please note the following: Resetting the receiver resets ALL the settings

stored in the receiver to the default settings, with the exception of the binding information! If you carry out a reset by mistake, this means that you will have to restore all the receiver settings entered using the Telemetry menu.

On the other hand, a deliberate RESET is particularly useful if you wish to “re-house” a receiver in a different model, as it represents an easy method of avoiding the transference of unsuitable settings.

Using the receiver for the ﬁ rst time

Installation Notes

Installing the receiver

Regardless of which Graupner receiving system you are using, the procedure is always the same:

Please note that the receiver aerials must be arranged at least 5 cm away from all large metal parts and leads which are not attached or connected directly to the receiver. This includes steel and carbon ﬁ bre components, servos, fuel pumps, cables of all sorts, etc. Ideally the receiver should be installed in an easily accessible position in the model, away from all other installed components. Under no circumstances run servo leads immediately adjacent to the receiver aerials, far less coil them round it!

Tests have shown that a vertical (upright) position of a single aerial produces the best results when long approaches are ﬂ own with a model. If the receiver features a diversity aerial system (two aerials), the second aerial should be deployed at an angle of 90° to the ﬁ rst.

The servo sockets of Graupner receivers are numbered. The power supply is through-connected via all the numbered sockets, and in principle can be connected to any of the servo sockets. It is also possible to connect the power supply via a Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11, in parallel with a servo.

The function of each individual channel is determined by the transmitter in use, rather than by the receiver. However, it is possible to alter the channel assignment (mapping) by changing the programming in the Telemetry menu. Nevertheless, we recommend that you carry out this process using the “Receiver output” option; see page 60 or 69.

The following section contains notes and helpful ideas on installing radio control components in the model:

Wrap the receiver in foam rubber at least 6 mm thick. 1. Fix the foam round the receiver using rubber bands, to protect it from vibration, hard landings and crash damage.

All switches must be installed in a position where 2. they will not be affected by exhaust gases or vibration. The switch toggle must be free to move over its full range of travel.

Always install servos using the vibration-damping 3. grommets and tubular metal spacers supplied. The rubber grommets provide some degree of protection from mechanical shock and severe vibration. Don’t over-tighten the servo retaining screws, as this will compress the grommets and thereby reduce the vibration protection they afford. The system offers good security and vibration protection for your servos, but only if the servo retaining screws are ﬁ tted and tightened properly. The drawing below shows how to install a servo correctly. The brass spacers should be pushed into the rubber grommets from the underside.

Servo mounting lug

Retaining screw

Rubber grommet

Tubular brass spacer

chanical linkage can obstruct the servo’s movement.

The sequence in which the serv

os are connected to the receiver is dictated by the model type. Please see the socket assignments listed on pages 43 and 47.

Be sure to read the additional safety notes on pages 3 … 9.

If the receiver is ever switched on when the transmitter is off, the servos may carry out uncontrolled movements. You can avoid this by switching the system on in this order:

Always switch the transmitter on ﬁ rst,

then the receiver.

When switching the system off:

Always switch the receiver off ﬁ rst,

then the transmitter.

When programming the transmitter you must always ensure that any electric motors in the system cannot possibly burst into life accidentally, and that an I.C. engine ﬁ tted with an automatic starter cannot start unintentionally. In the interests of safety it is always best to disconnect the ﬂ ight battery, or cut off the fuel supply.

Installation Notes

The servo output arms must be free to move over 4. their full arc of travel. Ensure that no parts of the me-

Receiving system power supply

A reliable power supply is one of the basic essentials for reliable model control. Free-moving pushrods, a fullycharged battery, battery connecting leads of adequate cross-section, minimal transfer resistance at the connectors etc. all help to minimise energy consumption, but if you have attended to all this, and the receiver voltage displayed on the transmitter screen still collapses repeatedly, or is generally (too) low, then please note the following:

The ﬁ rst point to check is that your batteries are always fully charged at the start of each ﬂ ying session. Check that contacts and switches are low in resistance. It is a good idea to measure the voltage drop over the installed switch harness under load, as even a new, heavy-duty switch can cause a voltage drop of up to 0.2 Volt. Ageing effects and oxidation of the contacts can increase this several times over. Constant vibration and movement at the contacts also “gnaws away” at the contacts, and tends to produce a creeping increase in transfer resistance.

It is also true that even small servos, such as the Graup- ner/JR DS-281, can draw currents of up to 0.75 Ampere when stalled (mechanically obstructed). Just four servos of this type in a “foamy” can therefore place a load of up to 3 Amps on the airborne power supply ...

For this reason you should always choose a receiver battery which constantly delivers an adequate voltage, i. e. which does not collapse under severe load. To “calculate” the necessary battery capacity we recommend as a starting point that you provide 350 mAh for each analogue servo, and at least 500 mAh for each digital servo.

For example, a 1400 mAh battery would represent an absolute minimum as the power supply for a receiving

system with a total of four analogue servos. When making your calculations, however, please bear the receiver in mind as well, as it draws a current of around 70 mA due to its bi-directional function.

Regardless of these considerations, it is generally advisable to connect the power supply to the receiver using two leads. For example, you could use a switch or voltage regulator with two power supply leads running to the receiver. You might install a Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11, between lead and receiver, as shown in the diagram below, if you wish to use one or both of the receiver sockets to connect a servo, speed controller, etc. The dual connection at the switch or voltage regulator not only reduces the risk of a cable fracture, but also ensures a more even energy supply to the servos connected to the receiver.

Auxiliary function

Y-lead, Order No. 3936.11

PRX stabilised receiver power supply, Order No. 4136

Four-cell Ni-MH battery packs

Traditional four-cell packs are a good choice for powering your Graupner HoTT receiving system, provided that you observe the conditions described above, i. e. you must ensure that the packs have adequate capacity and maintain their voltage well.

Five-cell NiMH battery packs

Five-cell batteries offer a wider margin of safety in terms of voltage compared with four-cell packs. However, please note that not all servos available on the market can tolerate the voltage of a ﬁ ve-cell pack (in the longterm), especially when the battery is freshly charged.

For example, many of these servos respond to the high voltage with a clearly audible “rumble”.

It is therefore important to check the speciﬁ cation of the servos you intend to use before you make the decision to use ﬁ ve-cell packs.

Two-cell Nanophosphate® (A123) batteries

Taking into account the current situation, these new cells are now regarded as the optimum choice for receiver packs. A123 cells can be fast-charged in conjunction with a suitable battery charger, and are protected by a metal case and therefore comparatively robust. It is also true that a much higher number of charge / discharge cycles is attributed to this cell type than, for example, to LiPo cells. The nominal voltage of 6.6 Volt of a twocell Nanophosphate® pack presents no problems to Graupner HoTT receivers, nor to those servos, speed controllers, gyros, etc. which are expressly approved for use at these higher voltages. Please note, however,

that virtually all servos, speed controllers, gyros etc. sold in the past, and also most of those currently available, are only approved for use on an operating voltage in the range 4.8 to 6 Volt. If you wish to con-

nect these devices to the receiver, it is essential to use a stabilised regulated power supply, such as the PRX, Order No. 4136; see Appendix. If you neglect this, there is a danger that the connected devices will quickly suffer permanent damage

Two-cell LiPo battery packs

For a given capacity LiPo batteries are a great deal lighter than the battery types described above, but they are more susceptible to mechanical stress and damage due to their lack of a metal case. Moreover LiPo batteries only have a limited ability to be fast-charged, and

Installation Notes

generally do not survive such a high number of charge / discharge cycles as is claimed for other batter such as Nanophosphate® types. The comparatively high nominal voltage of 7.4 Volt of a two-cell LiPo pack presents no problems to Graupner HoTT receivers, nor to those servos, speed controllers, gyros, etc. which are expressly approved for use at these higher voltages.

Please note, however, that virtually all servos, speed controllers, gyros etc. sold in the past, and also most of those currently available, are only approved for use on an operating voltage in the range 4.8 to 6 Volt. If you wish to connect these devices to the re-

ceiver, it is essential to use a stabilised regulated power supply, such as the PRX, Order No. 4136; see Appendix. If you neglect this, there is a danger that the connected devices will quickly suffer permanent damage.

ies,

Installation Notes

For your notes

Deﬁ nition of terms

Control functions, transmitter controls, function inputs, control channels, mixers, switches, control switches

To make it easier for you to understand the mx-12 HoTT manual, the following section contains deﬁ nitions of many terms which crop up again and again in the remainder of the text.

Control function

The term “control function” can be thought of as the signal generated for a particular function which needs to be controlled - initially independent of its subsequent progress through the transmitter. In the case of ﬁ xedwing model aircraft the control functions include throttle, rudder and aileron, whereas collective pitch, roll and pitch-axis are typical of those used for helicopters. The signal of a control function may be assigned directly, or to several control channels simultaneously via mixers. A typical example of the latter is separate aileron servos, or pairs of roll-axis or pitch-axis servos in a model helicopter. The essential feature of a control function is its inﬂ uence on the mechanical travel of the corresponding servo.

Transmitter control

The term “transmitter control” refers to the mechanical elements on the transmitter which are operated directly by the pilot. Their movements in turn generate corresponding movements in the servos, speed controllers etc. at the receiver end. The transmitter controls include the following:

The two dual-axis stick units for the control functions • 1 to 4; for both model types (“ﬁ xed-wing” and “helicopter”) these four functions can be interchanged in any way you wish using the “Mode” function, e. g. throttle left or right, without having to re-connect the servos. The dual-axis stick function for throttle (or airbrakes) is often referred to as the Ch 1 (Channel 1) control.

The two rotary proportional controls CTRL 7 + 8•

Deﬁ nition of terms

The switches SW 4/5 and 6/7, and CTRL 9 and 10• The switches SW 1 and 3, if they have been assigned •

to a control channel in the “Transmitter control settings” menu.

When a proportional transmitter control is operated, the servo or servos follow the position of the control directly, whereas a switched channel provides just the two or three set servo positions.

Function input

This is an imaginary point on the signal path, and must not be considered the same as the point on the circuit board where the transmitter control is connected! The two menus “Stick mode” and “Transmitter control settings” affect the course of the signal “after” this point, and it is possible (and likely) that there will be differences between the number of the transmitter control (as stated above) and the number of the subsequent control channel.

Control channel

There is a point on the signal path where the signal contains all the control information required for a particular servo – this may be directly generated by a transmitter control or indirectly via a mixer – and from this point on we call the signal a “control channel”. This signal is only affected by any adjustments carried out in the “Servo settings” menu before leaving the transmitter via the RF module. Once picked up at the receiver, this signal may be modiﬁ ed by any settings made in the Telemetry menu before ﬁ nally passing to the corresponding servo in the model.

Mixer

The transmitter’s software includes a wide range of mixer functions. Their purpose is to enable a control function to

affect multiple servos at the branching point of the mixer input, or alternatively to allow several control functions to affect one servo. For more information please refer to the numerous mixer functions as described in the section starting on page 88 of the manual.

Switch

The standard toggle switch SW 3, the two three-position switches SW 4/5 and 6/7 and the momentary button SW 1 can also be incorporated into the programming of the transmitter controls. However, all these switches are also generally intended for switching program options, e. g. starting and stopping timers, switching mixers on and off, transferring control in Trainer mode etc. Each physical switch function can be assigned to as many functions as you wish. Numerous examples are described in the manual.

Transmitter control switch

It is often desirable to switch a function on or off automatically at a particular position of another transmitter control, e. g. at a deﬁ ned position of one of the dual-axis sticks. Typical examples are switching a stopwatch on and off to allow you to record the motor run time, extending spoilers automatically (and many others). The mx- 12 HoTT software includes a total of two (three - for helicopters) “control switches” of this type.

Two transmitter control switches are available for the Ch 1 stick in each model memory, both for ﬁ xed-wing model aircraft and helicopters. For helicopters a third is present in the form of the throttle limiter; see the right-hand side and page 67.

This manual includes a range of instructive examples which make programming as simple as child’s play. Please refer to the programming examples in the section starting on page 144.

Assigning switches and control switches

The basic procedure

At many points in the program there is the option of using a switch (SW 1, 3 … 7) or a control switch (G1 … 3; see below) to operate a function, or to switch between settings, such as the DUAL RATE / EXPO function, ﬂ ight phase programming, mixers and more. The mx-12 HoTT allows you to assign several functions to a single switch.

The process of assigning switches is exactly the same in all the relevant menus, and we will explain the basic programming procedure at this point so that you can concentrate on the special features when reading the detailed menu descriptions.

A switch symbol appears in the bottom line of the screen at all programming points where switches can be assigned:

Move to the appropriate column using the arrow buttons of the left or right four-way button.

This is the procedure for assigning a switch:

Brieﬂ y press the 1. SET button of the right-hand four-

y button. The following message appears on the

wa screen:

push desired switch into position ON

Now simply move the switch you wish to use to the 2. “ON” position, press the push-button, or move the Ch 1 stick from the “OFF” position in the direction of “ON”. Please note: the so-called control switches assigned to this transmitter control (see right) carry out the task of an ON / OFF switch in software; the same applies to the throttle limiter (see page 79) which is available in the “Helicopter” model type. This com-

pletes the assignment process.

Changing the direction of switching:

If the switch turns out to work in the wrong direction, you can correct it as follows: move the switch to the desired OFF position, activate switch assignment once more and assign the switch again, this time with the switch direction you prefer.

Erasing a switch:

Activate the switch symbol as described under Point 2, then brieﬂ y press the button combination cd or ef of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) simultaneously.

Transmitter control switches

Many functions are best controlled automatically by a particular (freely programmable) position of the Ch 1 transmitter stick (or the throttle limiter in the case of helicopters), rather than by a conventional physical switch.

Typical applications:

Automatically switching an on-board glowplug ener-• gizer on and off according to the throttle position of the Ch 1 stick (“G1” or “G2”). In this case the switch for the plug energizer is controlled by a mixer at the transmitter.

Automatically switching a stopwatch on and off to • record the pure “ﬂ ight time” of a model helicopter; this is accomplished using the “G3” switch of the throttle limiter.

Automatically switching the “AIL • ¼ RUD” mixer off when the airbrakes are extended, in order to keep the wings parallel with the ground when landing on a slope face, without the (usually coupled) rudder affecting the model’s heading.

Automatically extending landing ﬂ aps with coupled el-• evator trim adjustment on the landing approach, as soon as the throttle stick is reduced below the set threshold point.

Automatically switching a stopwatch on and off in or-• der to time the run of an electric motor.

For both model types the mx-12 HoTT transmitter’s software caters for these purposes with two “control switches” of this type; they can be assigned to the Ch 1 stick: “G1” is switched on at around -80% of full travel, while “G2” is switched on at around +80%. The Helicopter program also includes an extra control switch “G3” on the throttle limiter close to the 100% point; see page 79.

All these control switches can be included without restriction in the free programming of the switches, i. e. they can be assigned to a function instead of a physical switch. This means that you are able to assign one of the control switches G1 … G2 (or G1 … G3) instead of a physical switch at any point in the software where switches are assigned. All you have to do is move the Ch 1 stick or the throttle limiter control (by default the rotary proportional control CTRL 7) from the desired “OFF” position in the direction of “ON”.

Assigning switches and control switches

Digital trims

Description of function, and Ch 1 cut-off trim

Digital trims with visual and audible indicators

Both the dual-axis stick units are ﬁ tted with digital trim systems. When you give the trim lever a brief push (one “click”), the neutral position of the associated stick channel changes by one increment. If you hold the trim lever in one direction, the trim value changes continuously in the corresponding direction with increasing speed.

The degree of trim offset is also “audible”, as the pitch of the tone changes to reﬂ ect the setting. When you are ﬂ ying a model, you can ﬁ nd the trim centre position easily without having to look at the screen: if you over-run the centre setting, the trim stays in the centre position for a moment.

The current trim values are automatically stored when you switch from one model memory to another. The digital trims are also stored separately for each ﬂ ight phase within a model memory, with the exception of the “Ch 1” (Channel 1) trim, which is the throttle / airbrake trim on a ﬁ xed-wing model.

The Ch 1 trim includes another special function which makes it easy to re-locate the idle throttle setting of a glowplug motor.

However, since the trim functions described in these instructions only affect the “Motor off” direction, the trim display on the transmitter’s screen will vary according to your individual set stick mode, i. e. the “forward” or “back” throttle / collective pitch minimum position of the Ch 1 stick, and also according to “left stick” or “right stick” for throttle / collective pitch. The illustrations in these instructions always refer to “Throttle / Collective pitch right” for both model types, and to “Throttle back” for ﬁ xed-wing models and “Collective pitch forward” for model helicopters.

1. Fixed-wing models

The Ch 1 trim features a special cut-off trim which is designed for glowplug motors: you initially use the trim lever in the usual way to select a reliable idle setting for the motor.

If you now move the Ch 1 trim lever to its end-point in the direction of “motor cut-off”, pushing the lever in a single movement, a marker appears on the screen in the last position. You can now return to the idle setting for starting the motor simply by pushing the stick one click in the direction of “open throttle”.

Last idle position

Current trim position

Ch 1 trim lever

stop flt

50%

Trim at motor OFF position

The cut-off trim feature is disabled if you enter “none” or “none / inv” in the “Motor at Ch 1” line within the “Basic settings” menu (page 56 / 57).

Note: Since this trim function is only effective in the “Motor off” direction, the above illustration will not apply if you change the direction of the Ch 1 stick for throttle minimum from “back” (which is reﬂ ected in the illustration above) to “forward” in the “Motor at Ch1” line of the “Basic settings” menu.

2. Model helicopters

In helicopter mode the Ch 1 trim has another feature in addition to “cut-off trim”, as described under “Fixed-wing models” on the left; this time in conjunction with the “Throttle limit function” (see page 79): while the throttle limit slider is in the bottom half of its travel, i. e. in the “start-up range”, the Ch 1 trim lever acts as idle trim on the throttle limit, and the idle trim is displayed on the screen:

Current trim position

50%

Idle direction

Last idle position

stop flt

Throttle limit control

CTRL 7

Trim at motor OFF position

In contrast to a ﬁ xed-wing model aircraft, this display is suppressed if the throttle limit control is moved to the “right” half of its travel.

stop flt

Throttle limit control

50%

CTRL 7

Note regarding helicopters: The Ch 1 trim only affects the throttle servo and not the collective pitch servos; it also works evenly over the full stick travel. Please note that the helicopter throttle servo must be connected to receiver output 6 (see Receiver socket assignment, page 47).

Digital trims

For your notes

Fixed-wing model aircraft

This program provides convenient support for normal model aircraft with up to two aileron servos and two ﬂ ap servos, V-tail models, ﬂ ying wings and deltas with two elevon (aileron / elevator) servos and two ﬂ ap servos.

The majority of power models and gliders belong to the “normal” tail type with one servo each for elevator, rudder, ailerons and throttle or electronic speed controller (airbrakes on a glider). There is also the special model type “2 EL Sv” which provides a means of connecting two elevator servos to channels 3 and 6 in parallel.

If your model features two separate aileron servos (and also in some cases two ﬂ ap servos), the aileron travel of both pairs of control surfaces can be set up with differential movement in the “Wing mixers” menu, i. e. the down-travel can be set independently of the up-travel.

Finally the program caters for camber-changing ﬂ aps, which can be operated by any of the transmitter controls “CTRL 7 … 10”. Alternatively a phase-speciﬁ c trim is available for ﬂ aps, ailerons and elevator in the “Phase trim” menu.

If the model features a V-tail instead of a conventional

tail, you need to select the tail type “V-tail” in the “Basic settings” menu, as this automatically superimposes the elevator and rudder control functions in such a way that each tail panel can be actuated by a separate servo.

For deltas and ﬂ ying wings it is easy to set up mixed elevons, i. e. the aileron and elevator functions can be carried out via common control surfaces at the trailing edge of the right and left wing. As standard the program contains the appropriate mixer functions for the two servos.

Up to three ﬂ ight phases can be programmed in each of the ten model memories.

The digital trim positions are stored separately for each ﬂ ight phase, with the exception of the Ch 1 trim. The Ch 1 trim provides a simple means of re-locating the correct idle throttle setting.

Two timers are available at all times when ﬂ ying. The screen also displays the transmitter operating time since the battery was last charged.

All the transmitter controls (CTRL) and switches (SW) can be assigned to virtually any of the inputs 5 and 6 in the “Transmitter control settings” menu.

“Dual Rate” and “Exponential” can be programmed separately for aileron, rudder and elevator, giving two modes of control.

Depending on the model type you have selected, the “Wing mixers” menu presents you with up to twelve additional pre-deﬁ ned mixers and coupling functions which you can simply select and set up when necessary, in addition to three free mixers:

1. Aileron differential (switchable)

2. Flap differential (switchable)

3. Aileron ¼ rudder (switchable)

4. Aileron ¼ ﬂ ap (switchable)

5. Airbrake ¼ elevator (switchable)

6. Airbrake ¼ ﬂ ap (switchable)

7. Airbrake ¼ aileron (switchable)

8. Elevator ¼ ﬂ ap (switchable)

9. Elevator ¼ aileron (switchable)

10. Flap ¼ elevator (switchable)

11. Flap ¼ aileron (switchable)

12. Differential reduction

Fixed-wing model aircraft

Airbrake-Function 1

Airbrake

right

left

Airbrake

Flap

Elevator

left

Rudder/Elevator

V-Tail

right

Aileron

Airbrake Flap

Elevator

Airbrake

Installation notes The servos MUST be connected to the receiver

outputs in the following order:

Outputs not required are simply left vacant. Please note the following points in particular:

If you are using only one aileron servo, receiver out-• put 5 (right aileron) is left un

used; it can also be used

for another purpose if you select “1 AIL” in the “Basic settings” menu.

If you are using only one ﬂ ap servo, receiver output 1 • (right ﬂ ap) MUST be left unused, assuming that you have selected “2 FL” in the “Basic settings” menu.

Please also read the information on the following

es.

Powered and unpowered ﬁ xed-wing model aircraft, with up to two ailerons …

… and “normal” tail type

Free, or auxiliary function

Receiver power supply

Telemetry sensor or right aileron Rudder Elevator Ailerons or left aileron

Receiver power supply

Airbrakes - or throttle servo or speed controller (electric model)

… and “V-tail” tail type

Free, or auxiliary function

Receiver power supply

Telemetry sensor or right aileron Right rud der / elevator Left rudder / elevator Ailerons or left aileron

Receiver power supply

Airbrakes - or throttle servo or speed controller (electric model)

... and “2 elevator servos” tail type

2nd elevator

Receiver power supply

Telemetry sensor or right aileron Rudder 1st eleva tor Ailerons or left aileron

Receiver power supply

Airbrakes - or throttle servo or speed controller (electric model)

Powered and unpowered delta / ﬂ ying wing models …

… with two elevon servos

Free, or auxiliary function

Receiver power supply

Free or telemetry sensor or aux. function Free or rudder Right elevon (aileron / elevator) Left elevon (aileron / elevator)

Receiver power supply

Airbrakes - or throttle servo or speed controller (electric model)

… with two elevon and two ﬂ ap / elevator servos

Left flap (aileron) / elevator

Receiver power supply

Right flap (aileron) / elevator Free or rudder Right elevon (aileron / elevator) Left elevon (aileron / elevator)

Receiver power supply

Airbrakes - or throttle servo or speed controller (electric model)

Unpowered model gliders with two aileron and two ﬂ ap servos …

… and “normal” tail type

Left flap

Receiver power supply

Right aileron Rudder Elevator Left aileron

Receiver power supply

Right flap

… and “V-tail” tail type

Left flap

Receiver power supply

Right aileron Right rud der / elevator Left rudder / elevator Left aileron

Receiver power supply

Right flap

Fixed-wing models: receiver assignment

As there are several possible combinations of servo orientation and control surf

ace linkage, you may ﬁ nd that the direction of rotation of one or more servos is incorrect. Use the following table to solve the problem.

Model

type

V-tail Rudder and elevator

Delta, ﬂ ying wing

Servo rotating in

wrong direction

reversed

Rudder correct, elevator reversed

Elevator correct, rudder reversed

Elevator and ailerons reversed

Elevator correct, ailerons reversed

Ailerons correct, elevator reversed

Remedy

Reverse servos 3 + 4 in the “servo set.” menu

Swap over servos 3 + 4 at the receiver

Reverse servos 3 + 4 in the “servo set.” menu, AND swap over at the receiver

Reverse servos 2 + 3 in the “servo set.” menu

Reverse servos 2 + 3 in the “servo set.” menu, AND swap over at the receiver

Swap over servos 2 + 3 at the receiver

All menus which are relevant to ﬁ xed-wing models are marked with an “aeroplane” symbol in the “Program descriptions”:

This means that you can easily skip irrelevant menus when programming a ﬁ xed-wing model aircraft.

Fixed-wing models: receiver assignment

For your notes

Model helicopters

The continued development of model helicopters and helicopter components, such as gyros, speed governors, rotor blades etc., has led to the current position where helicopters are capable of sophisticated 3-D aerobatics. In contrast, if you are a beginner to helicopter ﬂ ying, you need a simple set-up so that you can quickly get started on the initial stages of hovering practice, and then gradually learn to exploit all the options provided by the mx-12 HoTT.

The helicopter program of the mx-12 HoTT can cope with all current model helicopters equipped with 1 … 4 servos for collective pitch control, entirely regardless of whether they are powered by a fuel-driven or electric motor.

Each model memory can include two ﬂ ight phases plus auto-rotation, and two ﬂ ight timers are constantly available. At the same time the screen also displays the period which has elapsed since the last charge process.

You can return to the correct idle position for the digital Ch 1 trim simply by pressing a button.

“Dual Rate” and “Exponential” are available for roll, pitch-axis and tail rotor; they can be coupled together, programmed and switched on and off, giving two modes of control.

All the transmitter controls (CTRL) and switches (SW) can be assigned in almost any way to inputs 5 … 6 in the “Transmitter control settings” menu.

In addition to three linear mixers, which can be assigned to any functions and can also be switched on and off, the “Helicopter mixers” menu provides ﬁ ve-point curves for the collective pitch, throttle and tail rotor mixers, variable separately for each ﬂ ight phase; these provide non-linear mixer characteristics.

1. Collective pitch

2. Ch 1 ¼ throttle

3. Ch 1 ¼ tail rotor Such advanced features are not needed by the begin-

ner, who will initially simply set the hover point to coin-

Collective

Pitch Curve

cide with the centre point of the stick arc, and adjust the collective pitch travel as required.

Moreover the “Heli mixers” menu offers additional set-up options in the “Gyro” line, plus a “swashplate limiter”.

The mixer inputs for collective pitch, roll and pitch-axis can then be adjusted in the “Swashplate mixers” menu.

The throttle limit function in the “Transmitter control settings” menu provides an effective means of starting the motor in any ﬂ ight phase. By default the proportional rotary control CTRL 7 is assigned to this input, and this control function determines the maximum throttle servo position, i. e. the trim lever controls the motor over the idle range. Only when this rotary knob is turned in the direction of full-throttle do the programmed throttle curves take effect. If you have set up the two timers, they also start recording the ﬂ ight time automatically at this point. See page 79 for more information on this.

ail

Model helicopters

Channel 1

Throttle

Note for modellers upgrading from earlier Graupner systems:

Compared with the previous receiver channel sequence, servo socket 1 (collective pitch servo) and servo socket 6 (throttle servo) have been interchanged. The servos must be connected to the receiver output sockets in the order shown at bottom right. Outputs not required are simply left vacant. For more information on the different types of swashplate, please refer to the “Basic settings” menu described on page 64 / 65.

Installation notes The servos MUST be connected to the receiver

outputs in the order shown on this page:

Outputs not required are simply left vacant.

Please note the additional information on the following pages.

Note: To be able to exploit all the convenience and safety features of the throttle limiter (see section starting on page 79), the speed controller should be connected to receiver output “6”. See page 96 for more details.

Receiver assignment for model helicopters …

… with four swashplate servos

Throttle or speed governor

Receiver power supply

Pitch-axis 2 servo Tail rotor servo ( gyro system ) Pitch-axis 1 servo Roll 1 servo

Receiver power supply

Roll 2 servo

All menus which are relevant to model helicopters are marked with a “helicopter” symbol in the “Program descriptions”:

This means that you can easily skip irrelevant menus when programming a model helicopter.

… with one to three swashplate servos

Throttle or speed governor

Receiver power supply

Telemetry sensor or gyro gain Tail rotor servo ( gyro system ) Pitch-axis 1 servo Roll 1 servo

Receiver power supply

Collective pitch or roll 2 or pitch-axis 2 servo

Model helicopters: receiver assignment

Detailed description of programming

Reserving a new memory

If you have already read through the manual to this point, you will undoubtedly have made your ﬁ rst attempt at programming the system already. Even so, it is important to describe each menu here in detail, to ensure that you have comprehensive instructions for each application you are likely to encounter.

In this section we start with setting up a “free” model memory prior to “programming” a new model:

0:00 0:00

HoTT

0.0V

#01

6.1V

0:00h

stop flt

99%

From the basic display press the central SET button of the right-hand four-w

ay button to move to the “Multi-

function list”. (You can return to the basic screen at any time by pressing the central ESC button of the left-hand four-way button.) By default the menu point “Model memory” is displayed inverse (black background) and is therefore active when you ﬁ rst call up the multi-function select menu after switching the transmitter on. If this is not the case, select the “Model memory” menu using the arrow buttons (cd, ef) of the left or right-hand four-way button, then brieﬂ y press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button:

mod.mem.

servo set. D/R expo wing mixer

base sett. contr set. phase trim

free mixer servo disp basic sett fail-safe telemetry

select model clear model copy mod–>mod export to SD import from SD

=> => => =>

Now press the central SET button of the right-hand fourway b

utton once more to move on to the “select model”

sub-menu.

02 03 04 05 06

¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿

free free free free free

¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿

R06

In the transmitter’s default state the ﬁ rst model memory is already initialised with the “Fixed-wing model” model type, and the receiver supplied in the set is “bound” to it. This is indicated by the receiver code displayed at top right of the screen; in the example above this is R06. If, on the other hand, the model memory is “unbound”, you will see “---”.

The remainder of the model memories are not yet occupied, and are “unbound”; these are entitled

ÄÄfreeÄÄ”. If you want to set up a ﬁ xed-wing model,

“ then you can immediately start the programming procedure after leaving the “select model” sub-menu and the “Model memory” menu by pressing the central

ESC button of the left-hand four-way button each time

… alternatively you can select one of the free model memories using the left or right-hand four-way button …

03 04 05 06

¿¿

¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿

free

free free free

free

¿¿

¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿

R06

... and then brieﬂ y press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to conﬁ rm your choice.

After this you are invited to select the basic model type, i. e. either “Fixed-wing” or “Helicopter”:

Sel model type

( empty mod mem )

Use the e or f button of the left or right-hand four-way button to select the appropriate basic model type, then press the central SET button of the right-hand fourway button to conﬁ rm your choice. Your chosen model memory is now initialised with the selected basic model type, and the screen switches back to the basic display. The model memory is now reserved for that use.

However, if you wish to get started with a helicopter, then use the c or d button of the left or right-hand four-way button to select one of the model memories marked as “

ÄÄfreeÄÄ”, and conﬁ rm your choice with

a brief press of the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button. You are now requested to deﬁ ne the basic model type, i. e. either “ﬁ xed-wing” or “helicopter”. Use the c or d button of the left or right four-way button to select the corresponding symbol, then again

Program description: reserving a new memory

press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button brieﬂ y in conﬁ rmation. This initialises the chosen model type for the model memory you have just selected, and you can now start programming your model in this memory.

It is now only possible to change this memory to a different model type if you ﬁ rst erase the model memory (“Model memory” menu, page 52).

Notes:

If you wish to erase the model memory which is cur-• rently active in the basic display, you will have to deﬁ ne one of the two model types “ﬁ xed-wing” or “helicopter” immediately after completing the erase procedure. You cannot avoid making this choice by switching the transmitter off. If you wish to remove a model memory which you inadvertently occupied, you can simply erase it from a different model memory.

However, if you erase a model memory which is not currently active, after the procedure you will see the memory marked as “

ÄÄfreeÄÄ” under Model Se-

lect. After the selected model memory has been initial-•

ised with your preferred basic model type, the screen shifts to the newly reserved model memory. At the same time the following warning appears for a few seconds …

BIND N/A

… as an indication that this memory has not yet been bound to a receiver

. A brief press of the central SET

button of the right-hand four-way button takes you di-

rectly to the corresponding option. For more detailed information on binding a receiver please refer to pages 61 and 70.

The warning “BIND. n/v” just described is now fol-• lowed for a few seconds by this warning …

fail safe setup t.b.d

… as an indication that no Fail-Safe settings have been entered. F

or more information on this please re-

fer to page 116. If the warning …•

throttle

too

high !

… appears on the screen, move the throttle stick (or the limiter - by def

ault the rotary knob CTRL 7 - if setting up a helicopter) back to idle. This warning only appears in accordance with the settings you have entered in the “Motor at Ch1” or “Collective pitch min.” section of the “Basic settings” menu, as described on pages 56 and 67. If you are setting up a non-powered ﬁ xed-wing model, enter “none” or “none/inv” at this point; this disables the throttle warning message, and makes available the “Brake ¼ NN *“ mixers in the “Wing mixers” menu, which would otherwise be suppressed; you should also do this if you wish to use servo socket 1 for the second ﬂ ap servo.

If the transmitter’s model memories are already occu-• pied, then a pictogram of the selected model type appears in the appropriate model memory, followed by

* NN = Nomen Nominandum (name to be stated)

a blank line, or the model’s name if a name has already been entered in the “Basic settings” menu (pages 56 and 64), together with an indicator that the memory is bound to a receiver, if appropriate.

If the battery voltage is too low, the software prevents • you switching model memories in the interests of safety. In this case the screen displays this message:

not possible now voltage too low

Basically there are now four different options for assigning the four control functions aileron, ele

vator, rudder and throttle / airbrakes (ﬁ xed-wing model), and roll, pitch-axis, tail rotor and throttle / collective pitch (model helicopter) to the two primary dual-axis sticks. Which of these options is adopted depends on the personal preference of the individual model pilot. This function is set in the “Stick mode” line for the currently active model memory in the “Basic settings” menu (page 56 or 64):

mod Name stick mode motor at C1

no tail type normal aile/flap 1aile

As mentioned earlier, for maximum ﬂ exibility the transmitter controls 5 and 6 are by def

ault not assigned to transmitter controls, and can be assigned to any channels you like; this also helps to avoid accidental mishandling.

This means that in the default state of the equipment

only those servos connected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 can usually be controlled by the two dual-axis

Program description: reserving a new memory

sticks, whereas servos connected to sockets 5 and 6 remain steadfastly at their centre position. If y

up a new model helicopter, servo 6 may also respond to some extent to the controls - depending on the position of the throttle limiter CTRL 7. For both model types this situation only changes once you have carried out the appropriate assignments in the “Transmitter control settings” menu.

If you wish to use a newly initialised model memory, then this MUST ﬁ rst be “bound” to a (further) receiver before any servos connected to the receiver can be controlled from the transmitter. For more information on this please refer to the “Binding” section on pages 61 and 70.

You will ﬁ nd a description of the basic steps for programming a ﬁ xed-wing model aircraft in the Programming Examples section starting on page 144; for model helicopters the equivalent section starts on page 166.

The following menu descriptions are arranged in the order that they are listed in the individual menus in the multi-function list.

ou set

Program description: reserving a new memory

For your notes

Model memories

Calling up a model, erasing a model, copying model ¼ model

The section on pages 24 and 25 explains the basic method of using the buttons, while the previous two double-pages explains how to move to the Multi-function list and reserve a new model memory. At this point we wish to start with the “normal” description of the individual menu points in the sequence in which they occur on the transmitter itself. For this reason we start with the menu …

Model memory

mod.mem.

servo set. D/R expo wing mixer servo disp basic sett fail-safe telemetry

The transmitter can store up to ten complete sets of model data, including the digital trim values set b four trim levers. The trims are automatically stored, which means that the settings you have carefully established through test-ﬂ ying are never lost when you swap models. A pictogram of the selected model type, and - if you have entered a model name in the “Basic settings” menu (pages 56 and 64) - the name appears in all three sub-menus of the “Model memory” menu following the model number.

If necessary, use the arrow buttons of the left or righthand four-way button to select the “Model memory” menu, then brieﬂ y press the SET button of the righthand four-wa

y button:

Program description: model memories

base sett. contr set. phase trim free mixer

y the

select model

select model clear model copy mod–>mod export to SD import from SD

If you now brieﬂ y press the SET button again, you move to the “Call up model” sub-men

03 04 05 06

Now use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand

ay button to select from the list the model memory

four-w you wish to use, and conﬁ rm your selection by pressing the SET button. Pressing ESC takes you back to the previous menu page without switching models.

Notes:

If the warning message “Throttle too high” appears • when you switch models, the throttle or collective pitch stick (Ch 1), or the throttle limiter, is positioned too far towards full-throttle.

If the battery voltage is too low, it may not be possible • to switch model memories for safety reasons. In this case the screen displays the following message:

GRAUBELE

ULTIMATE

STARLET BELL47G

¿¿ ¿¿

not possible now

voltage too low

free free

¿¿ ¿¿

=> => => =>

R06 R06 R06 –––

clear model

select model clear model copy mod–>mod export to SD import from SD

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourw

ay button to select the “clear model” sub-menu, then

press the SET button. Select the model to be erased using the arrow buttons

cd of the left or right-hand four-way button, …

model to be cleared: 01

03 04

… then press the SET button again; the program responds with the security query:

model

to be erased ?

If you answer NO, the process is interrupted, and you are returned to the previous screen page. If you answer YES with the f button of the left or right-hand four-way button and conﬁ rm your choice with the SET button, then the selected model memory is erased.

GRAUBELE

ULTIMATE

STARLET BELL47G

GRAUBELE

YES

=> => =>

=> =>

R06 R06 R06 –––

Caution: The erasure process is irrevocable. All data in the selected model memory is reset to the factory default settings.

Note: If you wish to erase the currently active model memory in the basic display, you will be required to deﬁ ne the model type “Helicopter” or “Fixed-wing” immediately. However, if you erase a non-active model memory, then the message “

ÄÄfreeÄÄ” appears in the Model select

menu.

copy model ¼ model

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button to select the “copy model ¼ model” sub-menu, then press the SET button.

select model clear model copy mod–>mod export to SD import from SD

=> => => =>

Select the model to be copied using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-w

ay button …

copy from model: 01

03 04

GRAUBELE

ULTIMATE

STARLET BELL47G

R06 R06 R06 –––

… then brieﬂ y press the SET button of the right-hand

y button in the “Copy to model” window. You can

four-wa

now select the target memory using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button, and conﬁ rm your choice with SET. Alternatively you can interrupt the process with ESC. It is possible to overwrite a model memory which already contains model data.

copy to model: 01 02 03 04

GRAUBELE ULTIMATE STARLET BELL47G

free

¿¿

R06 R06 R06 –––

When you conﬁ rm the selected model memory by pressing the SET button, the security query appears:

model

01 03

ULTIMATE

free

¿¿

to be copied ?

YES

Selecting NO interrupts the process, and returns you to the previous page. If you select YES with the f button, and conﬁ rm your choice by pressing the SET button, then the selected model is copied into the chosen target model memory.

Note: When you copy a model memory, the binding data is copied together with the model data, so that a receiving system bound to the original model memory can also be operated with the copy of the memory, i. e. it does not require another binding process.

Export to SD

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourway button to select the “Export to SD” sub-menu, then press the SET button.

select model clear model copy mod–>mod export to SD import from SD

=> => =>

=> =>

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four- w

ay button to select the model to be exported:

export to SD-CARD: 01

03 04

GRAUBELE

ULTIMATE

STARLET BELL47G

R06 R06 R06 –––

When you conﬁ rm the selected model memory with a brief press of the SET b

utton, the following security

query appears:

model

ULTIMATE

SD-CARD

export ?

YES

You can interrupt the process with NO; if you do this, you are returned to the starting screen. However, if you select YES with the f button, and conﬁ rm your choice by pressing the SET button, then the selected model is

Program description: model memories

copied to the SD card.

Notes:

If the warning …•

SD-CARD

INSERT

… appears instead of a model selection, there is no SD card in the card slot; see page 22.

When you cop

y a model memory, the binding data is • copied along with the model data, so that the receiving system associated with the original model memory can also be operated using the SAME transmitter and the copied memory without repeating the binding procedure.

An exported ﬁ xed-wing model is stored on the memo-• ry card under \\Models\mx-12 with the format “aModelname.mdl” and a model helicopter with the format “hModelname.mdl”. However, if you export a “nameless” model, then you will ﬁ nd its data stored on the memory card under “a-” and “hNoName.mdl”.

Since the • mx-12 HoTT does not feature a real-time clock, the model data are stored on the memory card with a ﬁ xed creation date. However, if you wish to change the date manually, you can do so on the PC using a suitable program.

Some of the special characters used in certain mod-• el names cannot be accepted due to speciﬁ c limitations of the FAT or FAT32 ﬁ le system used by memory cards. During the copy process they are replaced by a tilde (~) character.

If the memory card already contains a model ﬁ le of • the same name, it will be overwritten without warning.

Program description: model memories

Import from SD

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourway button to select the “Import from SD” sub-menu, then brieﬂ y press the SET button.

select model clear model copy mod–>mod export to SD import from SD

=> => =>

=> =>

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four- w

ay button to select the model to be imported from the

SD memory card:

import from SD-CARD:

ALPINA

EXTRA

COBRA BELL47G

00/01/01

00/01/01 00/01/01

Notes:

The export date displa

yed to the right of the model •

name is shown in the format “Year/Month/Day”. Since the mx-12 HoTT does not feature a real-time •

clock, the model data are stored on the memory card with a ﬁ xed creation date. However, if you wish to change the date manually, you can do so on the PC using a suitable program.

When you do this, and brieﬂ y press the SET button of

ight-hand four-w

the r

ay button again, an “Import to model:” window is displayed. Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button to select the target

memory, conﬁ rm your choice with SET, or press ESC to interrupt the process. An occupied memory can be overwritten:

import to model : 01 02 03 04

GRAUBELE ULTIMATE STARLET BELL47G

free

¿¿

E06 E06 E06 –––

When you conﬁ rm the selected model memory by pressing the SET button, the following security query is displayed:

model

01 03

ULTIMATE

free

¿¿

import ?

YES

You can interrupt the process with NO; if you do this, you are returned to the starting screen. However, if you use the f button to select YES, and conﬁ rm your choice by pressing the SET button, then the selected model is imported into the selected model memory.

Notes:

If the warning …•

SD-CARD

INSERT

… appears instead of a model selection, there is no SD card in the card slot; see page 22.

When you impor

t a model memory, the binding data •

is copied along with the model data, so that the receiving system associated with the original model memory can also be operated using the SAME transmitter and the copied memory without repeating the binding procedure.

Program description: model memories

Base settings

Basic model-speciﬁ c settings for ﬁ xed-wing model aircraft

Before you start programming speciﬁ c parameters, some basic settings must be entered which apply only to the currently active model memory. Select the “Basic settings” (basic model settings) menu using the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand four-way button, then press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button:

mod.mem. servo set. D/R expo wing mixer

base sett.

contr set. phase trim

free mixer servo disp basic sett fail-safe telemetry

model name

mod name stick mode motor at C1

no tail type normal aile/flap 1aile

Press the SET button of the right-hand four-way button to mov

e to the next screen page, where you can select characters to assemble the model name. You can enter up to nine characters to deﬁ ne a model name:

;

0123456789

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO

PQRSTUVWXYZ

model name

GRAUB

Use the arrow buttons of the left-hand four-way button

Program description: base settings - ﬁ xed-wing model

to select the desired character, then move to the next position in the name by pressing the arrow button f of the right-hand four-way button, or its central SET button, where you can select the ne

xt character.

Simultaneously pressing thecd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) inserts a space at that point.

You can move to any character position within the input ﬁ eld using the ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

Pressing the central ESC button of the left-hand four-

y button returns you to the previous menu page.

w The model name entered in this way appears in the

basic display, and also in the sub-menus of the “Model

memory” menu.

stick mode

“MODE 1” (Throttle at right stick)

elev. down

left rudder

elev. up

“MODE 3” (Throttle at right stick) “MODE 4” (Throttle at left stick)

elev. down

left aileron

elev. up

right rudder

left aileron

right aileron

left rudder

full throttle

idle

Motor Vollgas

idle

“MODE 2” (Throttle at left stick)

full throttle

right aileron

right rudder

left rudder

full throttle

left aileron

right rudder

idle

right aileron

idle

elev. down

left aileron

elev. up

elev. down

left rudder

elev. up

right aileron

right rudder

Basically there are four possible ways of arranging the principal control functions of a ﬁ xed-wing model on the two dual-axis sticks: the primary functions are aileron, elevator, rudder and throttle (or airbrakes). Which of these options you select depends on your individual preferences and ﬂ ying style.

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourway button to move to the “Stick mode” line. You will see the select ﬁ eld framed:

mod name stick mode motor at C1

GRAUBELE

no tail type normal aile/flap 1aile

Press the SET button to highlight the current stick mode (blac

k background). Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button to select one of the options 1 to 4.

Simultaneously pressing the cd buttons or the ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) returns the display to stick mode “1”.

Pressing the SET button again disables the select ﬁ eld once more

, so that y

ou can switch lines.

motor at C1

mod name stick mode motor at C1

GRAUBELE

no tail type normal aile/flap 1aile

When you select “motor at C1” using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand f

our-way button, you will

see the corresponding input ﬁ eld framed. Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to highlight the current setting. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button to switch between the

four possible options: “idle fr.”: The idle position of the throttle / airbrake

stick (C1) is forward, i. e. away from the pilot.

The throttle warning message “Throttle too

high”, see page 28, and the – following – option “cut off” are activated. In the “Wing mixer” menu the “Brake ¼ NN *” mixers are disabled.

“idle re.”: The idle position of the throttle / airbrake

stick (C1) is back, i. e. towards the pilot.

The throttle warning message “Throttle too

high”, see page 28, and the – following – option “cut off” are activated. In the “Wing mixer” menu the “Brake ¼ NN *” mixers are disabled.

“no”: The brake system is “retracted” in the for-

ward position of the throttle / brake stick. In the “Wing mixer” menu the “Brake ¼ NN *” mixers are activated.

The throttle warning message “Throttle too

high”, see page 28, and the option “cut off” are disabled.

„no/inv“ The brake system is “retracted” in the back

position of the throttle / brake stick. In the “Wing mixer” menu the “Brake ¼ NN *” mixers are activated.

The throttle warning message “Throttle too

high”, see page 28, and the option “cut off” are disabled.

Notes:

During the programming process it is important • to ensure that any internal-combustion engine or

* NN = Nomen Nominandum (name to be stated)

electric motor cannot start running accidentally. The safe option is always to disconnect the fuel supply or the ﬂ ight battery.

Depending on your choice in this menu, the Ch 1 trim • acts “normally” (over the full control travel), or just at the idle end of the range, i. e. only at the “back” or “forward” end of the stick travel.

Please note the • Cut-off trim function, which is described on page 40.

cut off

Note: This menu line is suppressed if you choose “none” or “none/inv” in the “Motor at Ch 1” line.

Depending on your selected setting for “Idle forward / rear” in the “motor at C1” line, you can select in this menu line a “Motor OFF” position which can be called up using a switch. The default settings are -100% for the throttle servo position, and +150% for the transmitter control position.

mod name stick mode motor at C1 cut off

GRAUBELE

idle re.

+150%–100%

–––

tail type normal

STO

If you wish to change the pre-set value for the “Motor OFF” position of the throttle servo, press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button. The current setting is highlighted (black background). Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button to enter a value at which the motor is reliably “off”, but without stalling the throttle servo. For example, -125%:

Program description: base settings - ﬁ xed-wing model

–125%

GRAUBELE

idle re.

+150%

–––

mod name stick mode motor at C1 cut off tail type normal

STO

The - high - pre-set value in the centre column ensures that the motor can be stopped using the switch (y

et to be assigned in the right-hand column) over the full range of travel of the throttle stick.

However, if you prefer to set your own individual limit, i. e. the point after which it is possible to switch to the Motor OFF position, move the throttle / collective pitch stick to the desired position, then press the central SET button of the r

ight-hand four-way button:

mod name

GRAUBELE stick mode motor at C1 cut off

–125%

idle re.

+100%

–––

tail type normal

STO

Note: Y

ou can obtain a s

witching threshold of more than

+100% by temporarily increasing the travel of servo 1 to more than 100% in the “Servo settings” menu, then returning it to the original value after storing the switching threshold.

In the right-hand column you can now assign a switch which can be used (in an emergency) to cut the motor. We recommend one of the two self-centring momentary buttons SW 1:

mod name stick mode motor at C1 cut off +100% tail type normal

tail type

mod name stick mode motor on C1 cut off +100%–125% 1 tail type normal

When you select “tail type” using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button, you will see the corresponding input ﬁ eld framed. Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to highlight the current setting. Now use the arrow buttons of the righthand four-way button to select the option which matches your model:

„normal“: This setting caters for all models in which

each of the functions ele is operated by one servo.

„V-tail“: The elevator and rudder functions are

operated by two control surfaces set in a V-shape, each controlled by a separate servo. The two-way coupling function for the rudder and elevator control systems is automatically carried out by the transmitter software. If necessary, the ratio of rudder travel to elevator travel can be adjusted in the “Dual Rate” menu (page

82).

Program description: base settings - ﬁ xed-wing model

GRAUBELE

idle re.

–125% 1

STO

GRAUBELE

idle re.

ator and rudder

„Delt/FlW“: The mixed elevon (aileron and eleva-

tor) control system requires two or four separate servos, one or two in each wing. However, the elevator trim only affects servos 2 + 3, even if you select “2ail2ﬂ ” see below.

„2elev sv“: This option is designed for model aircraft

with one or two aileron servos and two elevator servos. When the elevator stick is moved, the servo connected to receiver output 6 moves in parallel with servo 3. The elevator trim lever affects both servos.

Note regarding “2elev sv”: In this mode a transmitter control which is assigned to input 6 in the control settings” menu is de-coupled from servo “6”; this is for safety reasons.

Ailerons / Camber-changing ﬂ aps

stick mode motor at C1 cut off +100%–125% 1 tail type normal aile/flap 1aile

When you select the “Aileron / Flap” line using the arrow buttons cd you will see the corresponding input ﬁ eld framed. Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to highlight the current setting. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button to select one of the three options, which are.

of the left or right-hand four-way button,

“Transmitter

idle re.

“1aile” Both ailerons are actuated by a single

servo. “2aile” Each aileron is actuated by one servo. “2ail2ﬂ ” Each aileron is actuated by a separate

servo; there are also one or two camber-

changing ﬂ ap servos.

Note: The

“2AL 2FL with the tail types “normal” and “V-tail”, and only if “none” or “none/inv” has been selected in the “Motor at Ch 1” line.

The mixers and associated adjustment facilities which appear in the “Wing mixers” menu (see section starting on page 88) vary according to the data you enter here. The software provides a maximum of twelve ready-made mixers for up to two aileron servos and two camber-changing ﬂ ap servos.

Note: If your model is equipped with only one ﬂ ap servo, you should still select “2ail2ﬂ ”, but leave the “AIL ¼ FL” mixer in the “Wing mixer” menu, which is described on page 91, at 0%. In contrast, all the other wing mixers can be used in the usual way. The second ﬂ ap socket which is now “vacant” must ON NO ACCOUNT be used for any other purpose!

” option is only available

timer

Two timers are shown in the basic display: one stopwatch and one ﬂ ight timer:

GRAUBELE

#01

99%

6.1V

0:00h

You can assign a physical switch or a control switch to these two timers in the right-hand column of the line, indicated by the switch symbol at the bottom edge of the screen.

motor at C1 cut off +100%–125% 1 tail type normal aile/flap 2aile timer

The assigned switch starts both timers, and also halts the stopwatch.

The method of assigning a physical switch or a control switch is described on page 39.

The ﬂ ight timer, and the saving of telemetry data on a memory card ﬁ tted in the card slot (see page 22), always starts simultaneously with the stopwatch, but continues to run even when the stopwatch is halted (switched off). It can only be stopped by pressing the central ESC button of the left-hand four-way button when the stopw

Once the timers are stopped, y to their initial v

atch is already halted.

alue by simultaneously pressing the cd

stop flt

0:00 –––

ou can reset both timers

0:00 0:00

HoTT

0.0V

“timer”

idle re.

or ef buttons of the right-hand key (CLEAR).

Switching between “count-up” and “count-down”

Count-up timer (stopwatch function)

If you assign a switch and start the stopwatch with the initial value of “0:00”, the timer runs up until the maximum of 180 minutes and 59 seconds, then re-starts at 0:00.

Count-down timer (alarm timer function)

You can select a starting time within the range 0 to 180 minutes in the left-hand minutes ﬁ eld, and a starting time within the range 0 to 59 seconds in the right-hand seconds ﬁ eld. Any combination of times can also be selected.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets any settings you have made to “0” or “00”.

0:00

idle re.

utes 3.

Program description: base settings - ﬁ xed-wing model

motor at C1 cut off +100%–125% 1 tail type normal aile/flap 2aile timer

Procedure

Select the desired input ﬁ eld using the arrow buttons 1. ef of the left or right-hand four-way button.

Press 2. SET in the centre of the right-hand four-way

utton.

b Select the required time in the highlighted min

and seconds ﬁ elds using the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

Press the central 4. SET button to conclude the input

process. Once you have switched back to the basic display 5.

by pressing the central ESC button of the left-hand

y button the required number of times, press

four-wa the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) simultaneously, with the stopwatch stopped, to switch the stopwatch to the “Timer” function; see top right in the following illustration:

10:01

0:00

HoTT

0.0V

GRAUBELE #01

99%

6.1V

0:00h

When you operate the assigned switch, the stopwatch now starts from the set initial v (“Timer function”). When the set time has elapsed, the timer does not stop, but continues to run so that you can read off the time elapsed after reaching zero. To make this clear, the over-run time is shown highlighted (black background).

Sequence of sounds

30 sec. before zero: triple beep single beep every two seconds 20 sec. before zero: double beep single beep every two seconds 10 sec. before zero: single beep single beep every second 5 sec. before zero: single beep every second at higher

rate

zero: longer beep; display switches to

inverse video

stop flt

alue, counting down

The “alarm timer” is reset by simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR), once you have halted the timer.

Note: A count-down timer is indicated in the basic display by a ﬂ ashing colon (:) between the minutes ﬁ eld and the seconds ﬁ eld.

Phase 2 and Phase 3

You will automatically be in the “normal” ﬂ ight phase 1 unless you have already assigned a switch to phases 2 or 3.

Both the number and name of this ﬂ ight phase are ﬁ xed permanently as “normal”, and cannot be changed. For this reason the “normal” phase is simply concealed, i. e. it is not displayed as phase 1.

tail type normal aile/flap 2aile timer phase 2 phase 3

It is also important to understand that the ﬂ ight phases

e their own inherent priorities which need to be ob-

ha served, particularly when assigning individual switches. The underlying scheme can be described as follows:

If all assigned ﬂ ight phase switches are closed or • open, the “normal” ﬂ ight phase is active.

If only one switch is closed, then the ﬂ ight phase as-• signed to the currently closed switch is active.

If two switches are closed, then the ﬂ ight phase with • the lower phase number is active.

10:01 3

takeoff

speed

––– –––

For example, this would be phase 2 if the switch assigned to phase 3 is also closed.

As a result you may wish to take the inherent phase • priorities into account when assigning names to the ﬂ ight phases; see below.

At the servo end the transition does not occur • “abruptly”, but with a ﬁ xed transition period of about one second.

Programming

When you select “phase 2” or “phase 3” using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button, the “Name” ﬁ eld for that ﬂ ight phase is already framed.

If the default name does not seem appropriate, press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button, and the current setting is sho the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button to select an appropriate name from those available. Press the SET button to conclude the input process.

Now press the f button of the left or right-hand fourway button to move to the right-hand column at the bottom of the screen, indicated by the switch symbol and brieﬂ y press the central SET button. You can now assign a switch to the phase as described on page 39. We recommend one of the two three-position switches SW 4/5 or SW 6/7, in each case starting from the centre toggle position.

For more information on ﬂ ight phase programming please refer to page 86, in the section entitled “Phase trim”.

wn highlighted.

Now use

Receiver output

For maximum ﬂ exibility in terms of receiver socket assignment, the mx-12 HoTT software provides the means to swap over the servo outputs 1 to max. 6; this is carried out on the second page of the “Receiver output” sub-menu.

aile/flap 2aile timer phase 2 phase 3 receiv out

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to mo can assign the “control channels” for servos 1 … 6 to any receiver output you wish to use. However, please note that the display in “Servo display” - which you can access from virtually any menu position by simultaneously pressing the e and f buttons of the left-hand four-way button - refers exclusively to the “control chan- nels”, i. e. the outputs are NOT swapped over.

ve to the next page of the display. Here you

10:01 3

takeoff

speed

output output output output output

7 6

1 2 3 4 5

our-

Program description: base settings - ﬁ xed-wing model

hand arrow buttons, and conﬁ rm your choice with SET … or alternatively press the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) simultaneously to revert to the default sequence.

Please note that any subsequent changes to servo settings, such as servo travel, Dual Rate / Expo, mixers etc., must be carried out according to the original

(default) receiver socket sequence.

Note: It is also possible to distribute the control functions amongst as many receivers as you wish, using the channel-mapping function in the mx-12 HoTT’s inte- gral Telemetry menu, or even to assign the same control function to multiple receiver outputs. For example, you might wish to actuate each aileron with two servos instead of just one, etc. However, we strongly recommend that you use only one of the two options, as a combination will soon lead to confusion.

rx bind

Graupner HoTT receivers have to be “instructed” to communicate exclusively with a particular model (i. e. model memory) of a Graupner HoTT transmitter. This process is known as “binding”, and is only necessary once for each new combination of receiver and model. It can be repeated at any time.

Important note: When carrying out the binding procedure, please ensure that the transmitter aerial is always an adequate distance from the receiver aerials: keeping the aerials about 1 m apart is safe in this respect. Otherwise you risk a failed connection to the downlink channel, and consequent malfunctions.

“Binding” multiple receivers to one model

If necessary, it is possible to bind more than one receiver to a single model. This is accomplished by initially binding the receivers individually, as described in the next section. When operating the system, please note

that only the receiver which was bound last will establish a telemetry link to the transmitter. For this

reason all telemetry sensors installed in the model must be connected to this receiver, since only the last bound receiver is able to transmit their data via the down-link channel. The second, and all other receivers, run in parallel to the receiver last bound to the transmitter, but completely independently of it; they operate in Slave mode with the down-link channel switched off.

“Binding” transmitter and receiver

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourway button to move to the “rx bind” line:

timer phase 2 phase 3 receiv out rx bind

If you have not already done so, switch on the power supply to your receiv receiver flashes once briefly, then goes out.

Press and hold the SET button on the receiver until the green LED starts to flash.

Briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand

our-w

ay button to initiate the so-called binding process

f between a receiver and the current model memory. At the same time the word “BINDING” starts flashing on the

er now: the green LED on the

10:01 3

takeoff

speed

–––

7 6

screen in the frame of the “rx bind” line, instead of the three “---”:

timer phase 2 phase 3 receiv out rx bind

If the receiver LED glows a constant green within about ten seconds, then the binding process has been completed successfully; SET button.

Your model / receiver combination is now ready for use. In parallel with this the screen displays the code number for the receiver now “bound” to this model memory. For example:

timer phase 2 phase 3 receiv out rx bind

Conversely, if the green LED on the receiver ﬂ ashes for longer than about ten seconds process has failed. In parallel with this the screen will display three “---” once more. If this should occur, alter the relative position of the aerials, and repeat the whole procedure.

you can now release the receiver’s

10:01 3

takeoff

speed

BINDING

10:01 3

takeoff

speed

R06

, then the binding

7 6

Program description: base settings - ﬁ xed-wing model

range test

The integral range-check reduces the transmitter’s output power in such a way that you can test the system’s operation at a distance of up to about ﬁ fty metres.

Carry out the range-check of the Graupner HoTT system in accordance with the following instructions. We recommend that you ask a friend to help with rangechecking.

Install the receiver in the model as required, prefer-1. ably after completing the binding process with the transmitter.

Switch the radio control system on and wait until the 2. green LED on the receiver glows. Now you can observe the servo movements.

Place the model on a ﬂ at surface (paving, close-mown 3. grass or earth), with the receiver aerials at least 15 cm above the ground. This means that you may have to place the model on a raised object for the period of the check.

Hold the transmitter at hip-height, and away from your 4. body. However, do not point the aerial straight at the model; instead rotate and / or angle the tip of the aerial so that it is vertical while you carry out the check.

If you have not already done so, use the arrow but-5. tons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button to move to the “Test range” line, and initiate range-check mode by pressing the central SET button of the right-

ay button:

our-w

hand f

Program description: base settings - ﬁ xed-wing model

phase 2 phase 3 receiv out rx bind range test

When you start the range-check, the transmitter’s output power is signiﬁ cantly reduced, and the blue LED on the aerial base starts to ﬂ ash. At the same time the time display on the transmitter screen starts counting down, and a double beep sounds every ﬁ ve seconds.

From ﬁ ve seconds before the end of the range-check you will hear a triple beep every second. When the 99 seconds of the range-check period have elapsed, the transmitter switches back to full power, and the blue LED glows constantly once more.

Within this period walk away from the model, moving 6. the sticks all the while. If at any point within a distance of about ﬁ fty metres you notice a break in the connection, attempt to reproduce it.

If the model is ﬁ tted with a motor, switch it on in order 7. to check the system’s interference rejection.

Walk further away from the model until you no longer 8. have full control over it.

At this point wait until the test period has elapsed, with 9. the model still switched on and ready for use. When the range-check period is over, the model should respond again to control commands. It this is not 100% the case, do not use the system. Contact your nearest Service Centre of Graupner GmbH & Co. KG.

Carry out the range-check before every ﬂ ight, and 10. simulate all the servo movements which are likely to

takeoff

speed

7 6

R06

99sec

occur in a typical ﬂ ight. To ensure safe operation of the model, the range must always be at least ﬁ fty metres on the ground.

Caution: Never initiate a range-check when you are actually operating a model!

RF transmit

In this menu line you can manually switch the transmitter’s RF transmission on and off again for a speciﬁ c model for the current period that the transmitter is switched on. For example, you might wish to do this to save power when demonstrating the programming of a model. If you switch the transmitter off with the RF

module switched off, next time you switch the transmitter on it will be switched back on again.

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourway button to move to the “RF module” line, and press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to activate the v

Now you can use the right-hand arrow buttons to switch between OFF and ON. of the right-hand four-way button again to conclude the input.

alue window:

phase 3 speed receiv out rx bind range test RF transmit

Press the central SET button

R06

99sec

OFF

For your notes

Base settings

Basic model-speciﬁ c settings for model helicopters

Before you start programming speciﬁ c parameters, some basic settings must be entered which apply only to the currently active model memory. Select the “Basic settings” (Basic model settings) menu using the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand four-way button, and press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button:

mod.mem. servo set. D/R expo free mixer

base sett.

contr set. heli mixer

swashp. mix servo disp basic sett fail-safe telemetry

Model name

mod name stick mode swashplate cut off rotor direct

1 servo

+150%–100%

–––

right

Press the SET button of the right-hand four-way button

e to the next screen page, where you can select

to mov characters to assemble the model name. You can enter up to nine characters to deﬁ ne a model name:

;

0123456789

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO

PQRSTUVWXYZ

model name

STAR

Use the arrow buttons of the left-hand four-way button

Program description: base settings - model helicopter

to select the desired character. Press one of the arrow buttons ef of the right-hand four-way button, or its central SET button, to move to the next position in the name, at which point y

ou can again select a character.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) inserts a space at that point. You can move to any character position within the input ﬁ eld using the ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

You can return to the previous menu page by brieﬂ y pressing the central ESC button of the left-hand four-

y button.

wa The model name entered in this way appears in the

basic display, and also in the sub-menus of the “Model

memory” menu point.

Stick mode

Basically there are four possible ways of arranging the principal control functions of a model helicopter on the two dual-axis sticks: the primary functions are roll, pitch-axis, tail rotor and throttle / collective pitch. Which of these options you select depends on your individual preferences and ﬂ ying style:

“MODE 1” (Throttle at right stick)

pitch axis

tail rotor

pitch axis

“MODE 3” (Throttle at right stick)

pitch axis

roll

pitch axis

throttle

tail rotor

roll

throttle throttle

Motor/Pitch

roll

tail rotor

throttle

“MODE 2” (Throttle at left stick)

throttle

tail rotor

throttle

roll

throttle

tail rotor

roll

“MODE 4” (Throttle at left stick)

tail rotor

pitch axis

roll

pitch axis

tail rotor

pitch axis

roll

tail rotor

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourway button to select the “Stick mode” line; the select ﬁ eld is now framed:

mod name stick mode swashplate cut off rotor direct

STARLET

1 servo

+150%–100%

–––

right

Brieﬂ y press the SET button: the current stick mode appears highlighted. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button to choose one of the options 1 to 4.

By simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) the display reverts to stick mode “1”.

A further brief press on the SET button disables the

eld again, so that you can change to a different

select ﬁ line.

Swashplate type

mod name stick mode swashplate cut off rotor direct

STARLET

1 servo

+150%–100%

–––

right

You will require a particular program variant to suit the number of servos which operate the collective pitch function.

Select “Swashplate” with the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button, and the select ﬁ eld

is framed. Press the SET button: the current number of collective pitch servos is highlighted on the screen. You can now determine the required variant using the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button:

“1 servo”: The swashplate is tilted by one roll servo

and one pitch-axis servo. Collective pitch is controlled by one separate servo.

The “Swashplate mixer” menu point is

suppressed in the multi-function menu if you select “1 servo” as the swashplate type. This is because model helicopters with only one collective pitch servo are controlled WITHOUT transmitter mixers for the swashplate functions collective pitch, pitch-axis and roll.

“2 servo”: The swashplate is moved axially by two

roll servos for collective pitch control; pitch-axis control is de-coupled by a mechanical compensating rocker.

“3sv(2rol)”: A symmetrical three-point swashplate

linkage using three linkage points arranged equally at 120°, actuated by one pitch-axis servo (front or rear) and two roll servos (left and right). For collective pitch control all three servos move the swashplate axially.

“3sv(140)”: Asymmetrical three-point swashplate link-

age using three linkage points, connected to one pitch servo (rear) and two roll servos (front left and right). For collective pitch control all three servos move the swashplate axially.

“3sv(2nic)”: A symmetrical three-point linkage as

above, but rotated through 90°, i. e. one

roll servo on one side, and two pitch-axis servos front and rear.

“4sv(90)”: Four-point swashplate linkage using two

roll and two pitch-axis servos.

Note re. “4Sv (90°): As can be seen in the receiver assignment on page 47, the second pitch-axis servo is connected to output 5. For this reason the “Gyro” option, which is assigned to output 5 as standard for systems with 1 … 3 collective pitch servos, is suppressed in the “Helimix” menu and the line of the same name in the “Trans- mitter control settings” menu.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets the swashplate type to “1 servo”.

Swashplate type: 1 servo

Swashplate type: 2 servos

Swashplate type: 3 servos (2 roll)

Swashplate type: 3 servos (140°)

Swashplate type: 3 servos (pitch-axis)

Swashplate type: 4 servos (90°), 2 pitch / 2 roll

Note: With the exception of the “1 servo” pre-set, the swashplate mixer ratios are set in the “Swashplate mixers” menu; see page 112.

Program description: base settings - model helicopter

Cut off

As part of the auto-rotation set-up procedure of the mx-12 HoTT transmitter’s Helicopter program there is the option to deﬁ ne a “motor OFF” position for the throttle servo or speed controller for use in an emergency. However, if you set an idle position in the “Throttle” line instead of an emergency OFF position - for example, in order to avoid having to re-start the engine after every practice auto-rotation landing - then this option is not available. In this case we recommend that you use the “Motor stop” option described below as the emergency OFF solution. Depending on the option (“forward / back”) you have selected in the “Collective pitch minimum” line, you can deﬁ ne a “Motor OFF” position in this menu line which can be called up by operating a switch. The default settings are -100% for the “Motor OFF” position of the throttle servo and +150% for the throttle curve:

mod name stick mode swashplate cut off rotor direct

If you wish to change the pre-set value for the “Motor OFF” position of the throttle ser button of the right-hand four-way button. The current setting is highlighted. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button to enter a value at which the motor is reliably “off”, but without stalling the throttle servo. For example: -125%:

STARLET

3sv(2rol)

+150%–100%

STO

vo, press the central SET

–––

right

mod name stick mode swashplate cut off rotor direct

The - high - pre-set value in the centre column ensures that the motor can be stopped ov sible range of the throttle curve using the switch which has yet to be assigned in the right-hand column.

However, if you prefer to set your own individual limit, i. e. the point after which it is possible to switch to the motor OFF position, move the throttle / collective pitch stick to the position you desire, than press the central

SET button of the right-hand four-way button:

mod name stick mode swashplate cut off rotor direct

Note: You can obtain a s +100% by temporarily increasing the travel of servo 1 to more than 100% in the “Servo settings” menu, then returning it to the original value after storing the switching threshold.

In the right-hand column you can now assign a switch which can be used (in an emergency) to cut the motor. We recommend the self-centring momentary button SW 1:

witching threshold of more than

STARLET

3sv(2rol)

–125%

–125% +100%

+150%

STO

er the maximum pos-

STARLET

3sv(2rol)

STO

–––

right

–––

right

mod name

stick mode

swashplate cut off rotor direct

Direction of rotation of main rotor

mod name

stick mode

swashplate cut off rotor direct

In the “Rotor direction” line you enter the direction of rotation of the main rotor using the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button, after pressing the central

SET button:

“right”: the main rotor spins clockwise as viewed from

above.

“left”: the main rotor spins anti-clockwise as viewed

from above.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) switches to “right”.

STARLET

3sv(2rol)

–125% +100%

STO

STARLET

3sv(2rol)

–125% +100%

right

Program description: base settings - model helicopter

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button, and the direction of operation of the throttle / collective pitch stick is highlighted. Now you can select the required variant using the arrow buttons of the righthand four-way button:

Pitch

Timers

Two timers are shown in the basic display: one stopwatch and one ﬂ ight timer.

STARLET

#02

stop flt

0:00 0:00

right-hand

rotation

left-hand rotation

The program requires this information in order to set up the mixers to work in the correct “sense”; this applies to the mixers which compensate for rotor torque and motor power. You will ﬁ nd these in the “Helicopter mixer” menu:

Pitch Ch1 ¼ throttle Ch1 ¼ tail rotor

Collective pitch min.

stick mode swashplate cut off –125% +100% rotor direct pitch min

3sv(2rol)

right

rear

In the “Collective pitch min.” line you can set up the direction of operation of the throttle / collective pitch stic

k to suit your preference. This setting is crucial to the correct operation of all the other options in the helicopter program which affect the throttle and collective pitch functions, i. e. the throttle curve, idle trim, tail rotor mixer etc.

The meaning is as follows: “front”: minimum collective pitch when the collective

pitch stick (Ch 1) is “forward” (away from you);

“rear”: minimum collective pitch when the collective

pitch stick (Ch 1) is “back” (towards you).

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) returns the collective pitch min. position to “rear”.

Note:

The Ch 1 trim always affects the throttle servo only.• By default what is known as the “throttle limiter” is set •

(see page 79); this limits the travel of the throttle servo in the direction of maximum throttle, acting separately from the collective pitch servos. This point can be programmed using the “Lim” input in the “Trans- mitter control settings” menu.

Program description: base settings - model helicopter

HoTT

0.0V

6.1V

0:00h

99%

A physical switch or a control switch - e. g. the control switch G3 located on the throttle limiter - can be assigned to these two timers in the “Timers” line …

swashplate cut off

–125% rotor direct pitch min

3sv(2rol)

+100%

right

rear

timer 0:00 –––

… using the switch symbol at the bottom right-hand side of the screen. The assigned switch starts both timers, and also halts the stopwatch.

The method of assigning a physical switch or a control switch is described on page 39.

The ﬂ ight timer, and the saving of telemetry data on a memory card inserted in the card slot (see page 22) always starts simultaneously with the stopwatch, but continues to run even when the stopwatch is halted (switched off). It can only be stopped by pressing the central ESC button of the left-hand four-way button with the stopw

atch halted.

Once stopped, both timers can be reset to the initial v

y simultaneously pressing the cd buttons of

alue b

the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR).

Switching between “count-up” and “count-down”

Count-up timer (stopwatch function)

If you assign a switch and start the stopwatch with the initial value of “0:00”, the timer runs up until the maximum of 180 minutes and 59 seconds, then re-starts at 0:00.

Count-down timer (timer function)

In the left-hand minutes ﬁ eld you can select a starting time within the range 0 to 180 minutes; in the right-hand seconds ﬁ eld the range is 0 to 59 seconds. Any combination of times can also be selected.

Simultaneously pressing the cd buttons of the righthand four-way button (CLEAR) resets any settings you have entered to “0” or “00”.

swashplate cut off rotor direct pitch min timer 10:01

Procedure

Select the desired input ﬁ eld using the arrow buttons 1. ef of the left or right-hand four-way button.

Press 2. SET in the centre of the right-hand four-way

utton.

b Select the required time in the highlighted min

and seconds ﬁ elds using the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

Press the central 4. SET button to conclude the input

process

Program description: base settings - model helicopter

–125%

3sv(2rol)

+100%

right

rear

utes 3.

Switch back to the basic display by repeatedly press-5. ing the central ESC button of the left-hand four-way button. With the stopwatch halted, press the cd buttons of the right-hand four-way button simultaneously (CLEAR) to switch the stopwatch to the “Timer” function; see top right in the next illustration:

10:01

0:00

HoTT

0.0V

STARLET

#02

99%

6.1V

0:00h

If you now operate the assigned switch, the stopwatch starts from the set initial value, counting down (“Timer function”). When the set time has elapsed, the timer does not stop, but continues to run to allow you to read off the time elapsed after reaching zero. To make this clear, the over-run time is shown highlighted (black background).

Sequence of sounds

rate

zero: longer beep; display switches to

inverse video

The “alarm timer” is reset by simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way but-

stop flt

ton (CLEAR) after you have halted the timer.

Note: A count-down timer is indicated in the basic display by a ﬂ ashing colon (:) between the minutes ﬁ eld and the seconds ﬁ eld.

Phase 2

You will automatically be in the “normal” ﬂ ight phase 1 unless you have already assigned a switch to phase 2 or auto-rotation.

cut off rotor direct right

pitch min

timer phase 2 hover –––

It is also important to understand that the ﬂ ight phases have their own inherent priorities which need to be observed, particularly when assigning individual switches. The underlying scheme can be described as follows:

If all assigned ﬂ ight phase switches are closed or • open, the “normal” ﬂ ight phase is active.

If only one switch is closed, then the ﬂ ight phase as-• signed to the currently closed switch is active.

The “auto-rotation phase” ALWAYS has precedence • over all other ﬂ ight phases, regardless of the priorities outlined above. When the auto-rotation phase is selected, the switch is always made WITHOUT DELAY.

–125%

+100%

10:01 G3

rear

With this in mind, you may wish to alter the default • ﬂ ight phase name “Hover” for ﬂ ight phase 2 to take the inherent priorities into account; see below.

At the servo end the transition does not occur • “abruptly”, but with a ﬁ xed transition period of about one second.

Programming

When you select “Phase 2” using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button, the “Name” ﬁ eld for that ﬂ ight phase is already framed.

Now press the f button of the left or right-hand fourway button to move to the right-hand column, at the bottom of the screen indicated by the switch symbol , and press the central SET button. You can now assign a switch to the phase as described on page 39.

For more information on ﬂ ight phase programming please refer to page 94, in the section entitled “Flight phase speciﬁ c settings for collective pitch, throttle and tail rotor”.

Auto-rotation

rotor direct right pitch min timer phase 2 hover autorotat.

wn highlighted.

10:01 G3

Now use

rear

–––

The name “Auto-rotation” is permanently assigned to Phase 3, and CANNOT be altered. The only available option is to assign a switch to it using the switch symbol at the right of the screen.

For more information on programming ﬂ ight phases please refer to the “Helicopter mixers” section starting on page 94.

Receiver output

pitch min timer phase 2 hover autorotat. receiv out

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to move to the next page of the display. Here you can assign the transmitter’s six “control channels” to any receiver output you wish to use, i. e. servo sockets 1 … 6. However, please note that the display in “Servo display” - which you can access from virtually any menu position by simultaneously pressing the e and f buttons of the left-hand four-way button - refers exclusively to the “control channels”, i. e. the outputs are NOT swapped over.

10:01 G3

rear

5 4

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand f way button to select the servo / output combination you wish to change, then press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button. Now you can assign the desired servo (S) to the selected output using the righthand arrow buttons, and conﬁ rm your choice with SET … or alternatively press the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) simultaneously to revert to the default sequence.

Please note that any subsequent changes to servo settings, such as servo travel, Dual Rate / Expo, mixers etc., must be carried out according to the original

(default) receiver socket sequence.

Typical application: In the helicopter program of the mx-12 HoTT the

outputs for one collective pitch servo and the throttle servo have been interchanged compared to all earlier GRAUPNER/JR mc-systems. The throttle servo is now assigned to receiver output “6” and the collective pitch servo to output “1”. However, you may wish to retain the earlier conﬁ guration.

output output output output output

1 2 3 4 5

our-

Program description: base settings - model helicopter

Note: It is also possib amongst as many receivers as you wish, using the channel-mapping function in the mx-12 HoTT’s integral Telemetry menu, or even to assign the same control function to multiple receiver outputs. However, we strongly recommend that you use only one of the two options, as a combination will soon lead to confusion.

rx bind (Bound receiver)

“Binding” multiple receivers to one model

If necessary, it is possible to bind more than one re-

le to distr

output output output output output output

ibute the control functions

1 2 3 4 5

ceiver to a single model. This is accomplished by initially binding the receivers individually, as described in the next section.

When operating the system, please note that only the receiver which was bound last will establish a telemetry link to the transmitter. For this reason all te-

lemetry sensors installed in the model must be connected to this receiver, since only the last bound receiver is able to transmit their data via the down-link channel. The second, and all other receivers, run in parallel to the receiver last bound to the transmitter, but completely independently of it; they operate in Slave mode with the down-link channel switched off.

“Binding” transmitter and receiver

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourway button to move to the “rx bind” line:

timer phase 2 hover autorotat. receiv out rx bind

If you have not already done so, switch on the power supply to your receiv receiver flashes once briefly, then goes out.

Press and hold the SET button on the receiver until the green LED starts to flash.

Briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand

our-w

ay button to initiate the so-called binding process

f between a receiver and the current model memory. At the same time the word “BINDING” starts flashing on the screen in the frame of the “rx bind” line, instead of the

er now: the green LED on the

10:01 G3

5 4

–––

three “---”:

timer phase 2 hover autorotat. receiv out rx bind

If the receiver LED glows a constant green within about ten seconds, then the binding process has been completed successfully; SET button.

Your model / receiver combination is now ready for use. In parallel with this the screen displays the code number for the receiver now “bound” to this model memory. For example:

timer phase 2 hover autorotat. receiv out rx bind

you can now release the receiver’s

10:01 G3

5 4

BINDING

10:01 G3

5 4

R06

, then the binding

Program description: base settings - model helicopter

Range test

The integral range-check reduces the transmitter’s output power in such a way that you can test the system’s operation at a distance of up to about ﬁ fty metres.

Carry out the range-check of the Graupner HoTT system in accordance with the following instructions. We recommend that you ask a friend to help with range-checking.

Install the receiver in the model as required, prefer-1. ably after completing the binding process with the transmitter.

Switch the radio control system on and wait until the 2. green LED on the receiver glows. Now you can observe the servo movements.

Hold the transmitter at hip-height, and away from your 4. body. Do not point the aerial straight at the model; instead rotate and / or angle the aerial tip so that it is vertical while you carry out the check.

If you have not already done so, use the arrow but-5. tons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button to move to the “Test range” line, and initiate rangecheck mode by pressing the central SET button of the r

ight-hand f

our-way button:

phase 2 autorotat. receiv out rx bind range test

speed

5 4

R06

99sec

When you start the range-check, the transmitter’s output power is signiﬁ cantly reduced, and the blue LED on the aerial base starts to ﬂ ash. At this point the time display on the transmitter screen starts counting down, and a double beep sounds every ﬁ ve seconds.

If the model is ﬁ tted with a motor, switch it on in order 7. to check the system’s interference rejection.

Walk further away from the model until you no longer 8. have full control over it.

At this point wait until the test period has elapsed, 9. with the model still switched on and ready for use. When the range-check period is over, the model should respond again to control commands. It this is not 100% the case, do not use the system. Contact your nearest Graupner Service Centre.

Carry out a range-check before every ﬂ ight, and sim-10. ulate all the servo movements which are likely to occur in a typical ﬂ ight. To ensure safe operation of the model, the range must always be at least ﬁ fty metres on the ground.

Caution: Never initiate a range-check when you are actually operating a model!

RF transmit

In this menu line you can manually switch the transmitter’s RF transmission on and off again for a speciﬁ c model for the period that the transmitter is currently switched on. For example, you might wish to do this to save power when demonstrating the programming of a model. If you switch the transmitter off with the RF

module switched off, next time you switch the transmitter on it will be switched back on again.

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourway button to move to the “RF transmit” line, and press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to activate the v

Now you can use the right-hand arrow buttons to switch between OFF and ON. of the right-hand four-way button again to conclude the input.

alue window:

autorotat. receiv out rx bind R06 range test RF transmit

Press the central SET button

99sec

Program description: base settings - model helicopter

Servo settings

Servo direction, centre, travel

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

rev cent

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

trav

In this menu you can adjust parameters which only affect the servo connected to a particular receiver output, namely the direction of servo rotation, neutral point and servo travel. Always start with the servo setting in the left-hand column.v

Basic procedure:

Use the arrow buttons 1. cd of the left or right-hand four-way button to select the relevant servo (1 to 6).

If necessary, use the arrow buttons 2. ef of the left or right-hand four-way button to select the desired column, and move the associated transmitter control away from its centre position if you wish to deﬁ ne an asymmetrical setting.

Press the central 3. SET button of the right-hand four-

y button, and the corresponding input ﬁ eld is high-

w lighted (black background).

Set the appropriate value using the arrow buttons of 4. the right-hand four-way button.

Press the central 5. SET button of the right-hand four-

y button to conclude the input process.

w Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons 6. cd or

ef of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) re- sets any settings you have entered to the default value.

receiver output socket to which a particular servo(s) is connected, assuming that these have not been swapped over. This means that changing the stick mode does not affect the numbering of the servos.

Column 2 “Rev.”

The direction of servo rotation can be adjusted to suit the actual installation in your model. This means that you don’t need to concern yourself with servo directions when installing the mechanical linkages in the model, as you can reverse them as and when necessary. The direction of rotation is indicated by the symbols “=>” and “<=”. Be sure to set the direction of servo rotation before you make adjustments to the remaining options!

Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons cd or ef of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets the direction of rotation to “=>”.

normal

reversed

Column 3 “Centre”

The facility to offset the servo travel centre is intended for adjusting servos whose centre setting is not standard (servo centre point at 1.5 ms or 1500 µs), and also for minor adjustments, e. g. when ﬁ ne-tuning the neutral position of the model’s control surfaces.

The neutral position can be shifted over the range

-125% to +125% of normal servo travel, within the maximum servo travel of +/- 150%, regardless of the trim lever position and any mixers you have set up. The setting affects the associated servo directly, independently of all other trim and mixer settings.

However, please note that an extreme shift of the servo’s neutral point may result in servo travel to one side of neutral only, as total servo travel is limited to +/- 150% for both electronic and mechanical reasons.

Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons cd or ef of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets the value in the highlighted input ﬁ eld to “0%”.

Important: The numbers in the servo designations refer to the

Program description: servo settings

Column 4 “- Servo travel +”

In this column you can adjust servo travel symmetrically or asymmetrically (different each side of neutral). The adjustment range is 0 … 150% of normal servo travel. The reference point for the set values is the setting in the “Centre” column.

To set symmetrical travel, i. e. to adjust travel equally on both sides of neutral, move the associated transmitter control (stick, proportional rotary knob or switch) to a position in which the marking frame encloses both sides of the travel setting.

Note: You may need to assign a transmitter control to a servo which is connected to one of the control channels 5 and 6; this is accomplished in the “Transmitter control settings” menu; see next page.

To set up asymmetrical travel, move the associated transmitter control (stick, rotary proportional knob or switch) to the side to be adjusted, so that the marking frame only encloses the value you wish to change.

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to activ

ate value adjustment; the value ﬁ eld is now highlighted. Use the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button to change the values. A further brief press on the central SET button of the right-hand fourway button concludes the input process.

Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons cd or ef of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets the parameter in the highlighted input ﬁ eld to 100%.

Important: In contrast to the “Transmitter control settings” menu, this setting affects the servo directly, regardless of how the control signal for this servo is generated, i. e. either

directly by a stick channel, or by means of any type of mixer function.

Servo travel

The graph alongside shows an example of asymmetrical servo travel, with a setting of

-50% and +150%.

Transmitter control travel

Program description: servo settings

Transmitter control settings

Basic procedures for assigning transmitter controls and switches

free free

In addition to the two dual-axis stick units for the control functions 1 to 4, the mx-1 with a range of supplementary controls:

Two rotary proportional controls: CTRL 7 and 8. • These are included in the menu as “ctrl 7” and “ctrl 8”.

Two three-position switches: SW 4/5 or CTRL 9 and • SW 6/7 or CTRL 10. These are assigned in this menu as “ctrl 9” and “ctrl 10” respectively.

One two-position switch: SW 3. This is indicated in • the menu by “3” plus a switch symbol, which indicates the direction of operation of the switch.

One momentary switch: SW 1. This is indicated by • “1” plus a switch symbol and direction indicator, as mentioned above.

The two dual-axis stick units directly affect the servos connected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 (assuming that you have set up a newly initialised model memory with the model type “Fixed-wing model”). In contrast, the “supplementary” transmitter controls listed above are inactive when the transmitter is in its default state (as delivered).

As already mentioned on page 20, this means that the transmitter in its basic form only controls servos connected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 using the primary sticks - even when you have initialised a new model memory with the model type “Fixed-wing model” and “bound” it to the receiver you intend to install. Any servos connected to receiver sockets 5 and 6 simply stay

Program description: transmitter control settings - ﬁ xed-wing model

+100% +100%

2 HoTT is ﬁ tted as standard

+100% +100%

trv

at their centre point when you operate the associated transmitter controls.

This may seem rather inconvenient at ﬁ rst sight, but it is the only way to ensure that you can select any of the “supplementary” transmitter controls for any task you like, and that you are not required deliberately to “program away” the transmitter controls which are not required for a particular model.

Any superﬂ uous transmitter control will have an effect on your model if you operate it by mistake unless it is inactive, i. e. unless no function is assigned to it.

That is why you can select these “supplementary” transmitter controls with complete freedom in the “Transmitter control settings” menu and assign them to any function input (see page 38) you like, as this method ensures that the transmitter meets your own requirements exactly. This also means that each of these transmitter controls can be assigned to several functions simultaneously. For example, the same toggle switch SW X, which you assign to an input in this menu, can also be assigned as the On / Off switch controlling the “Timers” in the “Basic settings” menu.

The basic procedure:

Select the appropriate input I5 … I6 using the arrow 1. buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button.

If necessary, use the arrow buttons 2. ef of the left or right-hand four-way button to switch to the desired column.

Press the central 3. SET button of the right-hand fourw lighted.

Operate the transmitter control you wish to use, and 4.

ay b

utton, and the corresponding input ﬁ eld is high-

set the desired value using the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

Press the central 5. SET button of the right-hand four-

utton to conclude the input process.

way b Simultaneously pressing the 6. cd or ef buttons of

the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets any settings you have entered to the appropriate default value.

Column 2 “Assigning transmitter controls and switches”

Select one of the function inputs 5 to 6 using the cd buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to activate the assignment f

free

operate desired switch or control

Now move the appropriate transmitter control (CTRL 7 to 10), or operate the selected switch (SW 1 and 3). Note that the rotary proportional controls are not detected until they have moved a few “ratchet clicks”, i. e. they need to be operated for slightly longer. If the travel is not sufﬁ cient for the transmitter to detect it, move the control in the opposite direction.

acility.

+100%

trv

will ﬁ nd in the “Transmitter control settings” menu as “Control 9” and “Control 10”, provide a centre position in addition to the two end-points.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) with the switch assignment activated - see illustration above - resets the input to “free”.

Tips:

When assigning the switches please take care to set • them to the appropriate direction of travel, and ensure that all inputs not required are left at or set to “free”, to eliminate the possibility of errors if unused transmitter controls are operated accidentally.

You can alter the effective end-points of an assigned • switch by adjusting servo travel, as described in the next section.

The screen now displays either the transmitter control number or the switch number, followed by a switch symbol which indicates the direction of operation, e. g.:

I5 I6

ctrl 7

+100% +100%

trv

Column 3 “-Travel+”

In this column the transmitter control can be adjusted symmetrically or asymmetrically, i. e. different to either side. The available range is +/-125% of the normal servo travel.

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand fourway button to select one of the inputs 5 or 6.

If you wish to set up symmetrical travel, i. e. the same in both directions, move the associated transmitter control (rotary proportional controls CTRL 7 or 8 or switches 4/5 and 6/7) to a position at which the marking frame encloses both sides of the travel setting:

ctrl 7

If you wish to set up asymmetrical travel, i. e. different for both directions, move the associated transmitter control (rotary proportional control or switch) to a position at which the marking frame encloses the side of the travel setting you wish to change:

ctrl 7

+100%

+100% +100%

trv

+100% +100%

trv

hand four-way button to alter the values:

ctrl 7

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button once more to conclude the input process.

Negative and positive parameter values are possible; this enables you to set the appropriate direction of movement of the transmitter control or its direction of effect to suit your model.

Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons cd or ef of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets the altered parameter in the highlighted input ﬁ eld to +100%.

Important: In contrast to servo travel adjustments, changing the transmitter travel setting affects all mixer and coupling inputs derived from it, i. e. in the ﬁ nal analysis all the servos which can be operated using the associated transmitter control.

+100%

+111%

+100%

+88%

+100%

+111%

trv

+100% +111%

trv

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to activ shown highlighted. Use the arrow buttons of the right-

ate the value setting; the value ﬁ eld is now

Program description: transmitter control settings - ﬁ xed-wing model

Transmitter control settings

Basic procedures for assigning transmitter controls and switches

gyr

free free

thr

ctrl 7

lim

In addition to the two dual-axis stick units for the control functions 1 to 4, the mx-1 with a range of supplementary controls:

Two rotary proportional controls: CTRL 7 and 8. • These are included in the menu as “ctrl 7” and “ctrl 8”.

Two three-position switches: SW 4/5 or CTRL 9 and • SW 6/7 or CTRL 10. These are assigned in this menu as “ctrl 9” and “ctrl 10” respectively.

One two-position switch: SW 3. This is indicated in • the menu by “3” plus a switch symbol, which indicates the direction of operation of the switch.

One momentary switch: SW 1. This is indicated by • “1” plus a switch symbol and direction indicator, as mentioned above.

The two dual-axis stick units directly affect servos connected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 and 6 (assuming that you have set up a newly initialised model memory with the model type “Helicopter”). In contrast, the “supplementary” transmitter controls listed above are inactive when the transmitter is in its default state (as delivered). The exception is the rotary proportional knob CTRL 7 (throttle limiter), which acts upon servo 6 by default.

As already mentioned on page 20, this means that the transmitter in its basic form only controls servos connected to receiver outputs 1 … 4 using the primary sticks, plus servo 6 - depending on the position of the throttle limiter - even when you have initialised a new

Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter

+100% +100% +100%

2 HoTT is ﬁ tted as standard

+100% +100% +100%

trv

model memory with the model type “Helicopter” and “bound” it to the receiver you intend to install. Any servo connected to receiver socket 5 simply stays at its centre point when you operate the associated transmitter controls.

Any superﬂ uous transmitter control will have an effect on your model if you operate it by mistake, unless it is inactive, i. e. unless no function is assigned to it.

That is why you can select these “supplementary” transmitter controls with complete freedom in the “Transmitter control settings” menu, and assign them to any function input (see page 38) you like, as this method ensures that the transmitter meets your own requirements exactly. This also means that each of these transmitter controls can be assigned to several functions simultaneously. For example, the same toggle switch SW X which you assign to an input in this menu, can also be assigned as the On / OFF switch controlling the “Timers” in the “Basic settings” menu.

Note: For model helicopters input 6 must always be left “free”. Please see the section entitled “Throttle” on the next double-page.

The basic procedure

Select the appropriate input I5 … I6 using the arrow 1. buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button.

If necessary, use the arrow buttons 2. ef of the left or right-hand four-way button to switch to the desired column.

Press the central 3. SET button of the right-hand four-

utton, and the corresponding input ﬁ eld is high-

way b lighted.

Operate the transmitter control you wish to use, and 4. set the desired value using the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

Press the central 5. SET button of the right-hand four-

utton to conclude the input process.

way b Simultaneously pressing the 6. cd or ef buttons of

the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets any settings you have entered to the appropriate default value.

Column 2 “Assigning transmitter controls and switches”

Select one of the function inputs gyro, throttle or lim using the cd buttons of the left or right-hand four-way button.

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to activate the assignment f

lim

ctrl 7

operate desired switch or control

Now move the appropriate transmitter control (CTRL 7 to 10), or operate the selected switch (SW 1 or 3). that the rotary proportional controls are not detected until they have moved a few “ratchet clicks”, i. e. they

acility.

+100%

trv

Note

need to be operated for slightly longer. If the travel is not sufﬁ cient for the transmitter to detect it, move the control in the opposite direction.

If you assign one of the two-position switches, then this control channel works like an On / Off switch. It is then possible to switch to and fro between two end-point values using this simple switch, e. g. motor ON / OFF. The three-position switches SW 4/5 and 6/7, which you will ﬁ nd in the “Transmitter control settings” menu as “CTRL 9” and “CTR 10”, provide a centre position in addition to the two end-points.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) with the switch assignment activated - see illustration above - resets the input to “free”.

Tips:

You can alter the effective end-points of an assigned • switch by adjusting servo travel as described in the next section.

The screen now displays either the transmitter control number or the switch number, followed by a switch symbol which indicates the direction of operation, e. g.:

gyr

free

thr

ctrl 7

lim

Column 3 “-Travel+”

In this column the transmitter control can be adjusted symmetr side. The available range is +/-125% of the normal servo travel.

Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button to select one of the inputs gyro, throttle or lim.

If you wish to set up symmetrical travel, i. e. the same in both directions, move the associated transmitter control (rotary proportional control or switches 4/5 and 6/7) to a position at which the marking frame encloses both sides of the travel setting:

If you wish to set up asymmetrical both directions, move the associated transmitter control (rotary proportional control or switch) to a position at which the marking frame encloses the side of the travel setting you wish to change:

ically or asymmetrically, i. e. different to either

gyr

thr

free

lim

ctrl 7

+100% +100% +100%

trv

+100% +100% +100%

trv

travel, i. e. different for

gyr

free

thr

ctrl 7

lim

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to activ shown highlighted. Use the arrow buttons of the righthand four-way button to alter the values:

Press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button to conclude the input process.

Negative and positive parameter values are possible; this enables you to set the appropriate direction of movement of the transmitter control or its direction of effect to suit your model.

Simultaneously pressing the arrow buttons cd or ef of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets the altered parameter in the highlighted input ﬁ eld to +100%.

ate the value setting; the value ﬁ eld is now

gyr

free

thr

ctrl 7

lim

gyr

free

thr

lim

ctrl 7

+100% +100% +100%

+100%

+111%

+100%

+88%

+100% +100% +100%

trv

+100% +100%

+111%

trv

+100% +100% +111%

trv

Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter

„Gyr“

gyr

thr

lim

free free ctrl 7

+100% +100% +100%

“Throttle”

gyr

thr

lim

ctrl 8 free ctrl 7

+100% +100% +100%

If the gyro you are using features inﬁ nitely variable gain control, then you can pre-set the static gyro eff setting an “offset” within the range +/-125%, separately for each ﬂ ight phase, in the “Gyro” line of the “Helicopter mixers” menu - see the section starting on page 98.

Once you have entered these pre-deﬁ ned - static - gain settings (set separately for each ﬂ ight phase in the “Helicopter mixers” menu), you can use a transmitter control such as the rotary proportional control CTRL 8 to vary gyro gain around the set “offset point”; all you have to do is assign that transmitter control in the “Gyro” line of this menu: in the centre position of the transmitter control this corresponds to the setting selected in the “Helicopter mixers” menu (see section starting on page

98). If the transmitter control is moved from this centre point in the direction of full travel, gyro gain is increased; towards the opposite end-point it is reduced. This is a fast, simple method of ﬁ ne-tuning gyro gain when the model is in ﬂ ight - perhaps to suit varying weather conditions - or alternatively to ﬁ nd the optimum setting. In software terms you can also limit the gain range to both sides by restricting the transmitter control travel.

However, please be sure to read the set-up notes provided with your gyro before carrying out these adjustments, as you could render your helicopter uncontrollable if you make a mistake.

Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter

trv

ect by

trv

In principle all transmitter controls (rotary proportional knob) and switches present on the tr assigned to the individual inputs within the Helicopter program.

However, please note that all inputs available in this menu are already pre-deﬁ ned for helicopter-speciﬁ c functions, and for this reason cannot always be used without restriction.

For example, the receiver sequence printed on page 47 shows that the throttle servo (or the speed controller of an electric-powered model helicopter) must be connected to receiver output “6”, i. e. control channel “6” is reserved for motor speed control.

However, in contrast to a ﬁ xed-wing aircraft, the throttle servo or speed controller is not directly controlled by the throttle stick or any other transmitter control, but via a complex mixer system - see “Helicopter mixers” menu, starting on page 94. The “throttle limit function” (described on the next page) also has an inﬂ uence on this mixer system.

Assigning a transmitter control or switch in the “Throttle” line, or its supplementary control signal, would only unnecessarily “confuse” this complex mixer system.

For this reason the “Throttle” input MUST always be left “free” when you are programming a model helicopter.

ansmitter can be

Throttle limit function

“Lim” input By default the “lim” input is assigned to the rotary pro-

portional control CTRL 7, which is located at top left on the transmitter:

gyr

ctrl 8 free

thr

ctrl 7

lim

This pre-deﬁ ned assignment eliminates the need to

am two ﬂ ight phases - “with idle-up” and “without

progr idle-up” - as are often used by other radio control systems for this purpose, since the method of raising the system rotational speed below the hover point is more ﬂ exible with the mx-12 HoTT program, and can be ﬁ ne-tuned more accurately than using the conventional “idle-up” function. However, if you prefer to program your helicopter “with idle-up”, then switch off the “throttle limit” function, described below, by setting the “Lim” input to “free”.

Meaning and application of “throttle limit”

As mentioned previously under “Throttle”, the power output of the engine or motor of a model helicopter is not controlled directly using the throttle (Ch 1) stick - in contrast to ﬁ xed-wing model aircraft. Instead it is controlled indirectly by the throttle curve settings which you set up in the “Helicopter mixers” menu. Alternatively the throttle is controlled by the speed controller if the unit you are using is a governor or regulator.

Note: Naturally it is possible to set up different throttle curves to suit different stages of ﬂ ight using ﬂ ight phase pro-

+100% +100% +100%

trv

gramming.

By their very nature, both methods of controlling power have the same result, i. e. that a helicopter’s motor never gets anywhere near its idle speed during “normal” ﬂ ying, so it is impossible to start or stop the motor easily unless some other means is used.

The “Throttle limiter” function solves this problem in an elegant manner: a separate transmitter control - as standard this is the rotary proportional control CTRL 7 located at top left on the transmitter - is employed to limit the setting of the throttle servo or the speed controller, which means that you can throttle right back to the idle position. At this setting the trim of the throttle / collective pitch stick assumes control, and can be used to switch off an electric motor directly. At the other extreme, the throttle servo or speed controller can, of course, only reach its full-throttle position if you release full servo travel using the throttle limit control. That is why the “lim” input is reserved in the Helicopter program for the “Throttle limiter” function.

For this reason the right-hand positive value in the “Travel” column must be large enough to ensure that it does not limit the full-throttle setting available via the throttle curve settings when the throttle limit control is at its maximum position. Usually this means a value in the range +100% to +125%. The left-hand negative value in the “Travel” column should be set in such a way that the throttle limit control reliably cuts the electric motor, or closes the throttle to the point where you can cut the I.C. motor using the (digital) Ch 1 trim. For this reason you should leave this value at +100%, at least for the time being.

This variable “limiting” of throttle travel provides a convenient means of starting and stopping the motor.

Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter

However, it also gives an additional level of safety if, for example, you have to carry your helicopter to the ﬂ ight line with the motor running: you simply move the control to its minimum position, and this prevents any accidental movement of the Ch 1 stick affecting the throttle servo.

If the carburettor is too far open (or the speed controller not at “stop”) when you switch the transmitter on, you will hear an audible warning, and the screen displays the message:

throttle

too

high !

Tip: You can call up the inﬂ uence of the throttle limit slider. This menu can be accessed from virtually any menu points by simultaneously pressing the ef buttons of the left-hand four-way button. Bear in mind that servo output 6 controls the throttle servo on the mx-12 HoTT.

Basic idle setting

Start by turning the throttle limiter - by default the rotary proportional knob CTRL 7 located at top left on the transmitter - clockwise to its end-point. Move the throttle / collective pitch stick to the maximum position, and ensure that a standard throttle curve is active in the “Channel 1 ¼ throttle” sub-menu of the …

“Heli mixer” (page 94 … 105)

… menu. If you have already altered the standard throttle curve which is present when you ﬁ rst initialise a model memory, then this should be reset to the values “Point 1 = -100%”, “Point 3 = 0%” and “Point 5 = +100%”

- at least temporarily.

“Servo display” menu to check the

ch1 thr

input output point 3

0% 0%

To complete this basic set-up you still have to adjust the idle trim range to coincide with point “1” of the throttle curve. This is accomplished by setting point “1” of the “Ch 1 ¼ throttle” mixer in the “Heli mixer” menu to a value of about -65 to -70%:

ch1 thr

Current trim position

stop flt

Last idle position

Throttle limit con

CTRL 7

Note: Since the throttle trim lever has no effect when the throttle limiter is open, its position is not relevant at this point.

Now - without starting the glow motor - adjust the mechanical linkage of the throttle servo so that the carburettor barrel is fully open; if necessary, carry out ﬁ ne-tuning using the travel setting for servo 6 in the “Servo settings” menu.

Close the throttle limiter completely by turning the rotary proportional knob CTRL 7 anti-clockwise to its endpoint. Use the trim lever of the throttle / collective pitch stick to move the trim position marker to the motor OFF position (see illustration in the right-hand column of the next page).

Note: In contrast, when the throttle limiter is closed, the position of the throttle / collective pitch stick is not relevant; it can therefore be left in the maximum collective pitch position, i. e. the throttle linkage can be adjusted between full-throttle (throttle limiter open) and “motor OFF” (throttle limiter closed) using just the throttle limiter.

Now, with the throttle limiter closed, adjust the mechanical throttle linkage so that the carburettor is just fully closed. However, do check carefully that the throttle servo is not stalled at either of its extreme end-points (full-throttle / motor OFF).

Program description: transmitter control settings – model helicopter

To check that the setting is exact, i. e. that there is a seamless transition from idle trim to the throttle curve, you need to close the throttle limiter and move the collective pitch stick to and fro slightly at the minimum end-point. When you do this, the throttle servo must not move! In any case ﬁ ne-tuning must be carried out with the model ﬂ ying.

The motor is always started with the throttle limiter completely closed; this has the effect that the idle speed is adjusted solely using the trim lever of the throttle / collective pitch stick.

Throttle limit in conjunction with the digital trim

When used with the throttle limit control CTRL 7, the Ch 1 trim places a marker at the set idle position of the motor; at this point the motor can be stopped using the trim. If the trim is in its end-range (see screen-shot: top picture in the right-hand column), then a single click immediately takes you back to the marker, i. e. to the pre-set idle position (see also page 40).

The cut-off trim only acts as idle trim in the left-hand half of the travel of the throttle limit control, i. e. the marker is only set and stored within this range.

input output point 1

–100%

–66%

Trim at motor OFF posi

For this reason the Ch 1 trim display is also completely suppressed as soon as the throttle limit control is moved to the right of the centre position.

stop flt

Throttle limit contro

50%

CTRL 7

Note: Since this trim function is only effective in the “Motor off” direction, the illustration above changes if you alter the transmitter control direction for the collective pitch minimum position of the Ch 1 stick from “back” (reﬂ ected in the picture above) to “forward” in the “Collective pitch min.” line of the “Basic settings” menu. In the same way the effects shown in the illustration swap sides if you change the stick mode from collective pitch right (reﬂ ected in the pictures above) to collective pitch left in the “Stick mode” line of the “Basic settings” menu; see page 67.

For your notes

D/R Expo

Switchable control characteristics for aileron, elevator and rudder

Use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand four-way button to leaf through to the “D/R Expo” menu point of the multi-function menu:

mod. mem. servo set.

D/R expo

wing mixer servo disp basic sett fail-safe

A press on the central SET button of the right-hand fourway button opens this menu point:

aile

100% 100%

elev rudd

100%

DUAL EXPO

The Dual Rate / Expo function provides a means of switching to reduced control tra the travel characteristics, for aileron, elevator and rudder (control functions 2 ... 4).

Dual Rate works in a similar way to transmitter control travel adjustment in the “Transmitter control settings” menu, i. e. it affects the corresponding stick function, regardless of whether that function controls a single servo or multiple servos via any number of complex mixer and coupling functions.

For each switch position the servo travels can be set to any value within the range 0 to 125% of full travel.

Expo works in a different way. If you set a value greater than 0%, exponential provides ﬁ ne control of the model around the centre position of the primary control func-

Dual Rate / Expo - ﬁ xed-wing model

base sett. contr set. phase trim free mixer

telemetry

0% 0% 0%

vels, and of inﬂ uencing

––– ––– –––

tions (aileron, elevator and rudder), without forfeiting full travel at the end-points of stick movement. If you set a value lower than 0%, travel is increased around the neutral position, and diminishes towards the extremes of travel. The degree of “progression” can therefore be set to any value within the range -100% to +100%, where 0% equates to normal, linear control characteristics.

Another application for exponential is to improve the linearity of rotary-output servos, which are the standard nowadays. With a rotary servo the movement of the control surface is inevitably non-linear, as the linear movement of the output disc or lever diminishes progressively as the angular movement increases, i. e. the rate of travel of the control surface declines steadily towards the extremes, dependent upon the position of the linkage point on the output disc or lever. You can compensate for this effect by setting an Expo value greater than 0%, with the result that the angular travel of the output device increases disproportionately as stick travel increases.

Like Dual Rates, the Expo setting applies directly to the corresponding stick function, regardless of whether that function controls a single servo or multiple servos via any number of complex mixer and coupling functions.

The Dual Rate and Expo functions can be switched on and off together if you assign a switch to the function. The result of this is that Dual Rates and Expo can be controlled simultaneously using a single switch, and this can be advantageous - especially with high-speed models.

Flight phase dependent Dual-Rate and Expo settings

If you have assigned a switch and - if you wish - a more appropriate name to one of the phases 2 and 3 in the

“Base settings” menu (see page 60), then this appears at bottom left, e. g. “normal”. If necessary, operate the associated switch in order to switch between the ﬂ ight phases.

The basic set-up procedure

Switch to the desired ﬂ ight phase, and then select 1. the desired line “aile”, “elev” or “rudd” using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button.

If necessary, use the 2. ef buttons of the left or righthand four-way button to select the desired column.

Press the central 3. SET button of the right-hand four-

ay b

utton: the corresponding input ﬁ eld is now high-

w lighted (black background).

Set the desired value using the arrow buttons of the 4. right-hand four-way button.

Press the central 5. SET button of the right-hand four-

utton to conclude the input process.

way b Simultaneously press the 6. cd or ef buttons of

the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) to reset any changed settings to the default values.

Dual Rate function

If you wish to switch between two possible D/R settings, use the f button of the left or right-hand four-way button to move to the right-hand column, marked at the bottom edge of the screen with the switch symbol then press the central SET button …

aile

100%

push desired switch into position ON

normal

DUAL EXPO

–––

… and assign a physical switch as described in the section “Assigning switches and control switches” on page

39. The assigned switch appears on the screen together with a switch symbol which indicates the direction of operation of the switch. Select the left-hand column, marked DUAL at the bottom edge of the screen, and set the values for each of the two switch positions separately in the highlighted ﬁ eld using the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value in the highlighted ﬁ eld to 100%.

Caution: For safety reasons the Dual Rate value should always be at least 20% of total control travel.

Examples of different Dual Rate values:

Dual Rate = 100%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Dual Rate = 50%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Dual Rate = 20%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Exponential function

If you wish to switch between two settings, use the f button of the left or right-hand four-way button to move to the right-hand column, marked at the bottom edge of the screen with the switch symbol

, then press the

central SET button and assign a switch to the function, as described in the section “Assigning switches and control switches” on page 39. The assigned switch appears on the screen together with a switch symbol which

indicates the direction of operation when you move the switch.

For example, the system enables you to ﬂ y with a linear curve characteristic in the one switch position, and to pre-set a value other than 0% in the other switch position.

Select the right-hand column, marked with EXPO at the bottom edge of the screen, in order to change the Dual-Rate value for each of the two switch positions in the highlighted ﬁ eld, using the arrow buttons of the righthand four-way button.

aile elev rudd

100% 100% 100%

+11%

+22%

3 3 –––

normal

DUAL EXPO

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef b r

ight-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered

uttons of the

value in the highlighted input ﬁ eld to 0%.

Examples of different Expo values:

Expo = –100%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Servo travel

Expo = +100%

Stick deflection

Expo = +50%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

In these examples the Dual Rate value is 100% in each case.

Combined Dual Rate and Expo

If you enter values for both Dual Rates and Expo, the two functions are superimposed as follows:

Expo = +100%, DR = 125%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Expo = +100%, DR = 50%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Expo = –100%, DR = 50%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

e. g. “switch back”:

aile elev rudd

88% 77%

100%

0% 0% 0%

3 3

–––

normal

DUAL EXPO

and after moving switch “3” to the “forward” position:

aile elev rudd

122% 111% 100%

+11% +22%

3 3

–––

normal

DUAL EXPO

Dual Rate / Expo - ﬁ xed-wing model

D/R Expo

Switchable control characteristics for roll, pitch-axis and tail rotor

–––

roll nick tail

The Dual Rate / Expo function provides a means of switching to reduced control tra travel characteristics, for the roll, pitch-axis and tail rotor servos (control functions 2 … 4).

A separate curve for control function 1 (motor / collective pitch) can be set individually for throttle, collective pitch and tail rotor in the “Helicopter mixers” menu. These curves feature up to ﬁ ve separately programmable points; see the sections starting on page 94 and 169.

For each switch position the servo travels can be set to any value within the range 0 to 125% of full travel.

Expo works in a different way. If you set a value greater than 0%, exponential provides ﬁ ne control of the model around the centre position of the primary control functions (roll, pitch-axis and tail rotor), without forfeiting full travel at the end-points of stick movement. If you set a value lower than 0%, travel is increased around the neutral position, and diminishes towards the extremes of travel. The degree of “progression” can be set within the range -100% to +100%, where 0% equates to normal, linear control characteristics.

100% 100% 100%

DUAL EXPO

0% 0%

––– –––

vels, and inﬂ uencing the

The Dual Rate and Expo functions can also be switched on and off together if you assign a switch to the function. The result of this is that Dual Rates and Expo can be controlled simultaneously using a single switch, and this can be advantageous - especially with high-speed models.

Flight phase dependent Dual-Rate and Expo settings

If you have assigned a switch and - if you wish - a more appropriate name to one of the phases 2 or Auto-rotation in the “Basic settings” menu (see page 68 and 69), then this appears at bottom left, e. g. “normal”. If necessary, operate the associated switch in order to switch between the ﬂ ight phases.

The basic set-up procedure

Switch to the desired ﬂ ight phase, and then select 1.

the desired line “Roll”, “Pitch” or “Tail” using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button.

If necessary, use the 2. ef buttons of the left or righthand four-way button to select the desired column.

Press the central 3. SET button of the right-hand four-

ay b

utton: the corresponding input ﬁ eld is now high-

w lighted (black background).

Set the desired value using the arrow buttons of the 4. right-hand four-way button.

Press the central 5. SET button of the right-hand four-

ay b

utton to conclude the input process.

w Simultaneously press the 6. cd or ef buttons of

the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) to reset any changed settings to the default values.

Dual Rate function

–––

roll

… and assign a physical switch as described in the section “Assigning switches and control s

39. The assigned switch appears on the screen together with a switch symbol which indicates the direction of operation of the switch.

Select the left-hand column, marked DUAL at the bottom

100%

push desired switch into position ON

DUAL EXPO

witches” on page

Program description: Dual Rate / Expo – model helicopter

edge of the screen, and set the values for each of the two switch positions separately in the highlighted ﬁ eld using the arrow buttons cd or ef of the right-hand four-way button.

Simultaneously press the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value in the highlighted ﬁ eld to 100%.

Caution: For safety reasons the Dual Rate value should always be at least 20% of total control travel.

Examples of different Dual Rate values:

Dual Rate = 100%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Dual Rate = 50%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Dual Rate = 20%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Exponential function

If you wish to switch between two settings, use the f button of the left or right-hand four-way button to move to the right-hand column, marked at the bottom edge of the screen with the switch symbol

, then press the

For example, the system enables you to ﬂ y with a linear curve characteristic in the one switch position, and to pre-set a value other than 0% in the other switch posi-

tion. Select the right-hand column, marked with EXPO at

the bottom edge of the screen, in order to change the Dual-Rate value for each of the two switch positions in the highlighted ﬁ eld, using the arrow buttons of the righthand four-way button.

3 3 –––

roll nick tail

100% 100% 100%

+11%

+22%

normal

DUAL EXPO

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the

ight-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered

r value in the highlighted input ﬁ eld to 0%.

Examples of different Expo values:

Expo = –100%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Servo travel

Expo = +100%

Stick deflection

Expo = +50%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

In these examples the Dual Rate value is 100% in each case.

Combined Dual Rate and Expo

If you enter values for both Dual Rates and Expo, the two functions are superimposed as follows:

Expo = +100%, DR = 125%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Expo = +100%, DR = 50%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

Expo = –100%, DR = 50%

Servo travel

Stick deflection

e. g. “switch back”:

roll nick tail

88% 77%

100%

0% 0% 0%

3 3 –––

normal

DUAL EXPO

and after moving switch “3” to the “forward” position:

3 3 –––

roll nick tail

122% 111% 100%

+11% +22%

normal

DUAL EXPO

Program description: Dual Rate / Expo – model helicopter

Phase trim

Flight phase-speciﬁ c trims for ﬂ aps, ailerons and elevator

If you have not assigned a switch to phases 2 or 3 in the “Basic settings” menu, i. e. you have not assigned switches to these alternative phases, you automatically remain in ﬂ ight phase 1 - “normal”.

The number and name (“normal”) of this ﬂ ight phase are permanently assigned, and cannot be altered. For this reason the “normal” phase is not stated as Phase 1 “normal” in the “Basic settings” menu; it is simply concealed.

tail type normal aile/flap 2aile timer phase 2 phase 3

If you select the “Phase trim” menu with this basic arr

angement, you will ﬁ nd just the “normal” line on the screen, whose pre-set values of 0% are not usually altered.

P H A S E T R I M

normal

Note: In this menu you will have at least one control function (ELE), and a maximum of three functions (ELE, AIL and FLA), available for phase-speciﬁ c trim settings, depending on the settings you have entered in the “Aileron / ﬂ ap” line of the “Basic settings” menu (see page 58).

10:01 3

takeoff

speed

AIL ELEFLA

––– –––

If you wish to enter values other than “0”, e. g. to have more lift at launch, or to be able to ﬂ y more slowly when thermalling, or faster when ﬂ ying speed tasks, but WITHOUT having to change the basic settings each time, then you need to use alternative ﬂ ight phases. This is done by activating “Phase 2” and, if necessary, “Phase 3” in the “Basic settings” menu.

This is accomplished by moving to the “Basic settings” menu and assigning a switch to the selected phase or phases. If you decide to use one of the three-position switches SW 4/5 or 6/7 as the phase switch, then it is advisable to assign it to the “Speed” phase and “Launch” phase at the extremes, with “normal” at the centre position.

Notes:

At the centre position of SW 4/5 or 6/7 the switch • symbols on the screen should look as in the picture at top right.

Please note the priorities of the individual ﬂ ight phas-• es, as described in detail on page 60.

The default name for “Phase 2” is “Launch”, and that for “Phase 3” is “Speed”. However, you can assign your own choice of names at any time by selecting the appropriate line, pressing the central SET button of the right-hand

y button, and selecting one of the following

our-wa

f names in the highlighted ﬁ eld using the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

take off• thermal• dist(ance)• speed• acro• landing•

air-tow• test•

aile/flap 2aile timer 10:01 phase 2 phase 3 receiv out

These names will appear in the transmitter’s basic display …

GRAUBELE

#01

51%

5.2V

2:22h

… and in the “Phase trim” menu - see lo

Setting up ﬂ ight phase trims

In the “Phase trim” menu you can adjust the trims for the previously selected ﬂ ight phases.

The ﬁ rst step is to use the phase switch you have already assigned to move to the phase which you wish to adjust (the “ phase).

” at far left indicates the currently active

P H A S E T R I M

normal takeoff speed

takeoff

speed

stop flt

«normal »

0% 0% 0%

AIL ELEFLA

3 7 6

0:00 0:00

HoTT

5.5V

wer picture.

0% 0% 0%

Program description: Phase trim – ﬁ xed-wing model

Select the desired control surface function using the arrow buttons ef of the left or right-hand four-way button, then press the central SET button of the right-hand four-w

ay button. The trim values in the highlighted value ﬁ eld can now be adjusted using the arrow-buttons of the right-hand four-way button.

You can activate each phase by operating the assigned phase select switch or switches. Note that the servos do not change from one setting to another abruptly; they move smoothly with a transition time of around one second.

With this option, which works in a similar way to transmitter control sub-trim or offset settings with other radio control systems, it is possible to set values within the range -99% to +99%. However, typical values are normally in single ﬁ gures or low double ﬁ gures.

P H A S E T R I M normal 0% takeoff

speed

0% +8% –7%

0% 4%

–5%

+2%

–3%

AIL ELEFLA

If you have made any changes, simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the r

ight-hand four-way but-

ton (CLEAR) resets them to the default value of 0%.

Program description: Phase trim – ﬁ xed-wing model

What is a mixer?

The basic function

Fixed-wing mixers

In many models it is often desirable to use a mixer to couple various control systems, e. g. to link the ailerons and rudder, or to inter-connect a pair of servos where two control surfaces are actuated by separate servos. In all these cases the signal which ﬂ ows directly from the “output” of a transmitter stick to the associated servo is “bled off” at a particular point - this effect can also be “concealed” in transmitter control options such as “D/R Expo” or “Transmitter control settings” - and the derived signal is then processed in such a way that it affects the “input” of another control channel, and therefore eventually another receiver output.

Example: V-tail mixer

Elevator stick

48 V

C 577

B s N 410

48 V

es N 410

C 577

Sev

Control function inputs

Rudder stick

Elevator

Rudder

V-tail mixer

Rudder

Elevator

Left rudder / elevator

Right rudder / elevator

Control channels

(receiver outputs)

The mx-12 HoTT transmitter software contains a large number of pre-programmed coupling functions as standard, designed to mix together two (or more) control channels. The mixer required in this example is supplied “ready-made” in the software, and just has to be activated in the “tail” line of the “Basic settings” menu in the form of “V-tail”.

The software also includes three freely programmable linear mixers in the ﬁ xed-wing and helicopter programs, all of which can be used in each model memory.

Program description: wing mixers – ﬁ xed-wing model

For more information please refer to the general notes on “Free mixers” in the section of this manual starting on page 106.

–––

diff aile.

diff flaps

rudd

ail ail

flaps brak brak brak elev

elev

flap flap

elev flap aile flap aile elev aile

diff–red

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– –––

(The display varies according to the information you have entered in the

“Motor at Ch 1” and “Ail / Flap” lines

in the “Basic settings” menu. The selection above shows the maximum number of options, and equates to the setting “No (motor)” and “2AIL 2FL”).

The mx-12 HoTT transmitter’s program contains a se- ries of pre-programmed coupling functions, and all you have to do is set the mixer ratios and (optionally) assign a switch. The number of pre-programmed mixer functions in the mixer list will vary according to the pre-set “model type” (tail type, number of wing servos, with or without motor - see the section starting on page 56). For example, if your model is not ﬁ tted with camber-changing ﬂ aps, and you have not entered any ﬂ ap servos in the “Basic settings” menu, the software automatically suppresses all the ﬂ ap mixers, as are the “Brake ¼ NN *“ mixers if you enter “Idle forward” or “Idle back” in the “Motor at Ch 1” line. This makes the menus clearer and easier to understand, and also avoids potential programming errors.

* NN = Nomen Nominandum (name to be stated)

Notes:

There are various alternative methods of positioning • the camber-changing ﬂ aps; these include:

a) settling on just one position per ﬂ ight phase, sim-

ply by setting appropriate trim values in the “Pha- se trim” menu, as described on the preceding double-page;

b) controlling the ﬂ aps manually using any transmit-

ter control assigned to “Input 6” (in the “Transmit- ter control settings” menu - see page 74), after setting the basic ﬂ ap positions in the “Phase trim” menu, as described earlier. Ideally the transmitter control would be one of the rotary proportional controls CTRL 7 or 8.

The selected transmitter control directly operates

the two ﬂ ap servos connected to receiver outputs 6 and 1, assuming that you have speciﬁ ed ﬂ aps in the “Ail. / Flap” line of the “Basic settings” menu. The same control determines the ﬂ ap setting of the ailerons via the percentage value entered in the “FL ¼ AIL” mixer line.

However, for ﬁ ner control of the ﬂ ap positions, we

recommend that you reduce their travel to about 25% in the “E6” line of the “Transmitter control settings” menu.

c) It is also possible to leave the default setting of

“0%” in the appropriate line of the “FL ¼ AIL” menu, and to assign the same transmitter control to both input 6 and input 5 in the “Transmitter control settings” menu. The magnitude of the effect on the two pairs of wing ﬂ aps can then be adjusted using the servo travel adjustment facility.

If the Ch 1 stick is assigned to input 1 as standard, • it will be de-coupled by the software if two camber-

changing ﬂ aps are deﬁ ned; this is intentional, as it eliminates the danger of errors when a ﬂ ap command is given. In this case the only type of brake function available is the Butterﬂ y or Crow arrangement; see page 92.

The basic programming procedure

Use the 1. cd buttons of the left or right-hand fourway button to select the desired mixer.

Use the2. f button of the left or right-hand four-way button to move to the right-hand column, marked by the switch symbol

at the bottom edge of the

screen. Press the central 3. SET button of the right-hand four-

y button; the corresponding input ﬁ eld is now high-

wa lighted (black background).

Use the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way but-4. ton to set the desired value, and assign the switch if necessary, as described on page 39.

With the exception of the “Diff. red.” line, negative and positive parameter values are possible; this may be necessary to obtain the correct direction of servo rotation (control surface deﬂ ection).

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to the default value.

Press the central 5. SET button of the right-hand four-

ay button to conclude the input process.

Mixer neutral point (offset)

The neutral point of the mixers … Aileron ¼ NN *

Elevator ¼ NN * Elevator ¼ NN *

* NN = Nomen Nominandum (name to be stated)

Program description: wing mixers – ﬁ xed-wing model

… is by default the zero point of the transmitter control, i. e. that is the point at which they have no effect. At the end-point of the transmitter control the full mixer value is applied.

The default neutral point (“offset”) of the mixers … Airbrake ¼ NN * … at which the airbrakes are always retracted, is the

forward position of the Ch 1 stick (throttle / airbrakes) if you select “none” in the “Motor at Ch 1” line of the “Basic settings” menu, and is the back position of the Ch 1 stick if you select “none/inv”.

diff aile (differential aileron travel)

Aileron differential compensates for an unwanted sideeffect which occurs when ailerons are deﬂ ected: the problem known as “adverse yaw”. When ailerons are deﬂ ected, the drag generated by the down-going aileron is greater than that produced by the up-going aileron. The differential drag causes a yawing motion around the vertical axis in the opposite direction to the desired turn. This effect is much more pronounced in model gliders with high aspect ratio wings than in power models with their much shorter moment arms, and usually has to be countered by giving a simultaneous rudder deﬂ ection in the opposite direction to the yaw. However, this in turns causes additional drag and reduces the aircraft’s efﬁ ciency even further.

Aileron differential reduces the angular travel of the down-going aileron relative to the up-going aileron, and this reduces the drag and therefore the adverse yaw. However, electronic differential can only be applied if each aileron is actuated by its own servo, usually mounted in the wings themselves. The shorter pushrods also result in virtually slop-free aileron linkages with

reliable centring. Mechanical solutions are also possible, but they usually

have to be “designed in” when the model is built, and the degree of differential cannot be altered subsequently. In any case signiﬁ cant mechanical differential tends to cause additional slop in the control system. Electronic differential offers several important advantages:

0% (normal)

50% (differential)

100% (split)

It is easily possible to vary the degree of differential without affecting the travel of the up-going aileron. At one extreme it is possible to suppress the down-aileron deﬂ ection completely, i. e. only the up-going aileron moves at all, and this arrangement is sometimes called the “split” setting. Split ailerons not only tend to suppress adverse yaw, but can even generate positive yaw, which means that the model yaws in the direction of the turn when an aileron command is given. In the case of large model gliders, smooth turns can then be ﬂ own using ailerons alone, which with most models of this type is usually by no means the case.

The adjustment range of -100% to +100% makes it possible to set the correct direction of differential regardless of the direction of rotation of the aileron servos. “0%”

Program description: wing mixers – ﬁ xed-wing model

corresponds to a normal linkage, i. e. no differential, while “-100%” or “+100%” represents the “split” function.

For aerobatic ﬂ ying it is necessary to set low absolute differential values, to ensure that the model rotates exactly along its longitudinal axis when an aileron command is given. Moderate values around -50% or +50% are typical for making thermal turns easier to ﬂ y. The split setting (-100%, +100%) is popular with slope ﬂ yers, when ailerons alone are often used for turning the model.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

Note: Although it is possible to enter negative values in order to reverse the direction of servo rotation, this is not usually necessary if the correct channels are used.

diff ﬂ aps (Camber-changing ﬂ ap differential)

The aileron / ﬂ ap mixer (see below) is designed to superimpose an aileron function on the ﬂ aps. Flap differential works like aileron differential, and produces a reduced ﬂ ap movement in the down-direction when these surfaces are used as supplementary ailerons.

The adjustment range of -100% to +100% makes it possible to set the correct direction of differential regardless of the direction of rotation of the servo. “0%” corresponds to a normal linkage, i. e. the servo travel is the same up and down. A setting of “-100%” or “+100%” means that the down-travel of the ﬂ aps is reduced to zero when an aileron command is given (“split” setting).

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

Note: Negative values are not usually necessary if the correct channels are used.

ail ¼ rudd (Aileron ¼ rudder)

In this case the rudder automatically “follows” when an aileron command is given, and the mixer ratio (degree of following) can be set by the user. Coupled aileron / rudder (also known as “combi-switch”) is especially useful for suppressing adverse yaw in conjunction with aileron differential, and this combination usually makes smooth turns very easy to ﬂ y. Naturally, the rudder can still be controlled separately by means of its dedicated stick.

The adjustment range of +/- 150% enables the user to set up the correct direction of travel according to the direction of rotation of the ﬂ ap servos. If an (optional) non-centring switch (SW 3 … 7) is assigned to this function, the mixer can be turned on and off in ﬂ ight, so that you can control the ailerons and rudder separately if and when you so desire.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

This mixer is usually set up in such a way that the rudder deﬂ ects automatically to the side of the up-going aileron; a setting around 50% is likely to be approximately correct.

ail ¼ ﬂ aps (Aileron ¼ ﬂ ap)

brak ¼ elev (Airbrake ¼ elevator)

brak ¼ ﬂ ap (Airbrake ¼ ﬂ ap)

This mixer feeds a variable amount of the aileron signal into the ﬂ ap channel. When an aileron command is given, the ﬂ aps “follow” the ailerons, although usually through a smaller angle, i. e. the mixer ratio is generally less than 100%. The adjustment range of -150% to +150% allows the user to set up the ﬂ ap direction to match that of the ailerons.

The ﬂ aps should not deﬂ ect more than about 50% of the (mechanical) travel of the ailerons.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

Note: If your model is equipped with only one ﬂ ap servo, you should still select “2FL” in the “aile/ﬂ ap” line of the “Ba- sic settings” menu (see page 58) but leave the “Ail ¼ Flap” mixer at 0%. In contrast, all the other wing mixers can be used in the usual way.

Extending any form of airbrakes usually generates an unwanted change in airspeed; this is especially marked when a butterﬂ y (crow) braking system is deployed (see next page).

This mixer feeds a corrective signal to the elevator to compensate for such an effect. The adjustment range is

-150% to +150%. Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the

right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

“Usual” values are generally in single to low double ﬁ gures. It is essential to check and adjust this setting at a safe height, and it is also important to ensure that the model does not slow down too much when the airbrakes are extended. The danger is that you might need to retract the brakes again on the landing approach when you realise the model will “land short”; if its airspeed is too low when you retract the brakes, the model will just fall to the ground at that point.

When you operate the brake function (Ch 1 stick), both ﬂ ap servos move together for the landing approach; the mixer ratio can be set to any value in the range -150% to +150%. Down-ﬂ ap is usually selected.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

At this point you select the value which causes the ﬂ aps to deﬂ ect down as far as possible when the airbrake function is deployed. However, please ensure that none of the servos concerned strikes its mechanical endstops (servos stalled). To achieve this, you may need to limit the servo travel(s) using the “Travel -/+” option, which is found on the “RX SERVO” display page of the “Telemetry” menu.

Program description: wing mixers – ﬁ xed-wing model

brak ¼ aile (Airbrake ¼ aileron)

started too soon, and has to be extended by retracting the airbrakes again, the model could then stall abruptly.

elev ¼ ﬂ ap (Elevator ¼ ﬂ ap)

When you operate the brake function, both aileron servos move together for the landing approach; the mixer ratio can be set to any value in the range -150% to +150%.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

Note: It can also be useful to deﬂ ect both ailerons up slightly when the airbrakes are extended; in most cases this signiﬁ cantly reduces the risk of a tip-stall.

Combination of the “Brake ¼ NN *” mixers: “Crow” or “Butterﬂ y” setting

If you have set up all three airbrake mixers for your model, it is then possible to program a special conﬁ guration known as the “crow” or “butterﬂ y” arrangement for glide path control. In the butterﬂ y setting both ailerons

are deﬂ ected up by a moderate amount, and both ﬂ aps down by the maximum possible amount. The third mixer

provides elevator trim to counteract any unwanted pitch trim change and maintain the model’s airspeed at a safe level. This is necessary to avoid the danger of the model slowing up excessively; if the landing approach is

* NN = Nomen Nominandum (name to be stated)

Program description: wing mixers – ﬁ xed-wing model

This inter-action between the ﬂ aps, ailerons and elevator is used to control the glide angle on the landing approach. Optionally the butterﬂ y setting can also be used without the airbrakes or spoilers; nowadays this is very commonly used for sports and competition aircraft.

Note: If your model features full-span (strip) ailerons which also double as camber-changing ﬂ aps, the two mixers “Brake ¼ aileron” and “Brake ¼ elevator” can be combined for glide path control. In this case up-ﬂ ap is applied, but the ﬂ aps can still be controlled as ailerons. Elevator pitch trim compensation is generally required.

If you have programmed aileron differential, the response of the ailerons will inevitably be adversely affected by the extreme “up” deﬂ ection of the ailerons in the butterﬂ y setting, because the differential travel reduces or entirely suppresses the down-aileron deﬂ ection. However, the “up” travel of the ailerons is also greatly restricted because they are already at or close to their “up” end-point. The remedy here is to apply “differential reduction”, which is explained in its own section later.

The ﬂ aps can be used to enhance the effect of the elevator in tight turns and aerobatics, and this mixer feeds part of the elevator signal to the ﬂ ap servos. The mixer direction must be set so that the ﬂ aps move down when up-elevator is applied, and vice versa.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

The “usual” settings for this mixer are in the low two-digit range.

elev ¼ aile (Elevator ¼ aileron)

This mixer allows the ailerons to reinforce the elevator response in the same way as the previous mixer.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

The adjustment range is +/- 150%. For this mixer the

“usual” settings are again in the low two-digit range.

ﬂ ap ¼ elev (Flap ¼ elevator)

When the camber-changing ﬂ aps are lowered, either using “Phase trim” or by means of a transmitter control assigned to input “6”, a pitch trim change (up or down) may occur. Alternatively it may be desirable for slight down-elevator to be applied automatically when the ﬂ aps are raised by a small amount, in order to increase the model’s basic airspeed. This mixer can be used to achieve both purposes.

When the ﬂ aps are deployed, this mixer causes the elevator setting to be corrected automatically in proportion to the ﬂ ap deﬂ ection.

The adjustment range is +/- 150%. For this mixer the “usual” settings are in the single to low two-digit range.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

ﬂ ap ¼ aile (Flap ¼ aileron)

This mixer causes a variable proportion of the ﬂ ap signal to be mixed in with the aileron channels 2 and 5 so that the ailerons follow the movement of the ﬂ aps, albeit normally with a smaller deﬂ ection.

The adjustment range is +/- 150%. For this mixer the “usual” settings are around 50%.

Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

Note: If you assign a transmitter control to inputs 5 and 6 in the “Transmitter control settings” menu for adjust- ing the ﬂ ap positions, then you should leave the value for this mixer at 0%. See the notes on page 89 in this regard.

diff red (Differential reduction)

The problem of reduced aileron response in the butterﬂ y conﬁ guration has been mentioned earlier: if aileron differential is employed, the aileron response on the landing approach may be adversely affected through the extreme “up” deﬂ ection of the ailerons, permitting virtually no further up-movement; on the other hand the “down” travel has already been reduced by the programmed differential setting. The overall result is signiﬁ cantly reduced aileron response compared with the normal setting of the control surfaces.

In this case you really should use “differential reduction” if at all possible. This reduces the degree of aileron differential when you invoke the butterﬂ y setting using the airbrake stick. Differential is reduced progressively, or even eliminated altogether, as the airbrake stick is moved towards its end-point.

A value of 0% at this point means that the full programmed aileron differential is retained. A value of 100% means that the aileron differential is completely eliminated at the maximum butterﬂ y setting, i. e. when the airbrakes and other glide path control surfaces are fully extended. If you set a value above 100%, the aileron differential is eliminated even before full travel of the airbrake stick is reached.

The adjustment range is 0 to 150%. Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the

right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%.

Program description: wing mixers – ﬁ xed-wing model

Helicopter mixers

Flight phase-speciﬁ c mixers for collective pitch, throttle and tail rotor

In the “Basic settings” menu a method of switching ﬂ ight phases can be activated by assigning the appropriate switches to “Phase 2” and / or “Auto-rotation”. You can then switch between the phases “normal” and a second phase - to which you can assign a more appropriate name yourself, if necessary - using one of the non-centring switches SW 3 … 7; a further switch then selects “Auto-rotation”. However, auto-rotation always

has precedence over the other two phases; see pages 68 / 69.

If you have not yet assigned switches for the ﬂ ight phases, you should do so now. Use the arrow buttons of the left-hand four-way button to move to the right-hand column, marked by the switch of the screen, then press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button. The switches are assigned as described on page 39:

rotor direct right pitch min timer 10:01 C3 phase 2 hover autorotat.

Phase 1 always bears the designation “normal”. Both the number and name of this phase are permanently assigned, and cannot be altered. “normal” phase is not stated as Phase 1 in the “Basic settings” menu; it is simply concealed.

By default “Phase 2” is assigned the phase name “hover”, but you can change these at any time if you prefer: press the central SET button with the right-hand four-

utton, and use the arrow buttons of the right-hand

way b four-way button to select one of the following names:

symbol at the bottom

rear

5 4

For this reason the

hover• acro• acro 3D• speed• test•

Description of the helicopter mixers

Five-point curves are available for setting up the control characteristics of “collective pitch”, “Ch 1 ¼ throttle” and “Ch 1 ¼ tail rotor”. Using these curves it is possible to program non-linear mixer ratios along the travel of the transmitter stick for these mixers. Move to the display page for setting 5-point curves by pressing the central

SET button of the right-hand four-way button (see

below). In contrast, the mix

tail rotor” are not required for the “Auto-rotation” ﬂ ight phase (described in the section starting on page 104); instead they are automatically switched to a (user-variable) pre-deﬁ ned value.

A value must be entered in the “Gyro” line: press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button, then enter a v buttons of the right-hand four-way button - in a similar fashion to changing the transmitter centre position or the offset position with other radio control systems. This set-up facility is rounded off with the “Swashplate limit” option: this restricts the maximum travel of the swashplate servos to the value you set, in the form of a limiter. All these options are required for the basic process of setting up a model helicopter.

Altered parameters can be reset to the corresponding default values at any time by simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way

ers “Ch 1 ¼ throttle” and “Ch 1 ¼

alue in the highlighted ﬁ

eld using the arrow

button (CLEAR). The name of the currently selected ﬂ ight phase is

displayed in the “Helicopter mixers” menu as well as in the transmitter’s basic display; this is designed to ensure that any changes you make actually apply to the appropriate ﬂ ight phase. Note that the servos do not change from one setting to another abruptly; they move smoothly with a transition time of around one second. This does not apply to auto-rotation: when you switch INTO auto-rotation, the change takes place immediately.

If you operate the switch selected for a particular ﬂ ight phase, the associated ﬂ ight phase is superimposed at the left-hand bottom edge of the screen, e. g. “normal”.

ptch ch1 ch1 gyro swash lim. off

normal

Now you can program the settings for this ﬂ ight phase.

Basic programming procedure

Use the arrow buttons 1. cd of the left or right-hand four-way button to select the desired option.

Press the central 2. SET button of the right-hand four-

ay b

utton, and the screen switches to the set-up

w page ( symbol at the bottom edge of the screen), or the corresponding input ﬁ eld is highlighted (black background).

Deﬁ ne the mixer values using the arrow buttons of 3. the right-hand four-way button, moving the throttle / collective pitch stick at the same time if necessary.

Simultaneously pressing the 4. cd or ef buttons of

thro tail

Program description: helicopter mixers – model helicopter

the right-hand four-way button (CLEAR) resets an altered value to the default value.

Press the central 5. SET button of the right-hand four-

y button to conclude the input process.

ptch (Collective pitch (ch1 ¼ pitch))

Select the “Collective pitch” line using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand four-way button, then press the central SET button of the right-hand four-way button:

ptch

input output point

normal

The control curve can be based on a maximum of ﬁ

ve nodes, known as “reference points”, which can be placed along the length of the control travel; separate curves can be programmed for each ﬂ ight phase.

However, in most cases it is sufﬁ cient to use a smaller number of reference points when deﬁ ning the collective pitch curve. As a basic rule we recommend that you start with the three default reference points offered by the software. These three points, i. e. the two end-points “Point 1” (collective pitch minimum) and “Point 5” (collective pitch maximum), and “Point 3”, exactly in the centre of the travel, initially describe a linear characteristic for the collective pitch curve; this is represented in the picture above.

0% 0%

The programming procedure in detail

The throttle / collective pitch stick can now be used to move the vertical line in the graph between the two end-points “Point 1” and “Point 5”; at the same time the momentary position of the stick is displayed in numeric form in the “Input” line (-100% to +100%).

The point where the vertical line crosses the curve is termed the “Output”, and this point can be varied within the range -125% and +125% at a maximum of ﬁ ve reference points. The control signal, modiﬁ ed in this way, affects the collective pitch servos only. In the picture on the left the stick is exactly at the 0% position at “Point 3”, and also generates an output signal of 0% due to the linear nature of the graph.

By default only points “1” (collective pitch minimum at

-100%), “3” (hover point at 0%) and “5” (collective pitch maximum at +100% travel) are active.

To set a point you use the associated stick to move the vertical line to the point you wish to change. The number and current curve value of this point are displayed in the bottom line in the left-hand half of the screen in the “Point” line. The arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button can now be used to change the current curve value in the highlighted ﬁ eld to any value within the range -125% to +125%, without affecting the adjacent points.

ptch

input output point

normal

In this example we have moved reference point “3” to

0% +75%

+75%

+75%. However, the optional points “2” and “4” can also be

activated. In the next example we activate point “2” at

-50% …

ptch

input output point

normal

… and point “4” at +50% …

ptch

input output point 4

normal

This is accomplished using the stick to move the vertical line to the appropriate area. As soon as the message “inactive” appears in the highlighted value ﬁ eld, you can activate the associated point with the arrow buttons of the right-hand four-way button; it can then be adjusted in the same manner as the other points …

ptch

input output point 4

normal

… or reset to “inactive” by simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand four-way button

–50% –12%

deact

+50% +88%

deact

+50% –50%

–50%

Program description: helicopter mixers – model helicopter

(CLEAR). Points “1” and “5”, however, CANNOT be disabled.

Note: The following illustration, and all the other pictures on this page, show a control curve which we prepared for illustration purposes only. Please note that the curve characteristics by no means represent real collective pitch curves!

ptch

input output point 3

0% –50%

–50%

normal

Typical collective pitch curves for different ﬂ ight phases:

+100% +100% +100%

Output

100%

23451

Control travel Control travel Control travel

Hover

Output

100%

23451

Aerobatics 3D

Output

100%

23451

ch1 ¼ thro (throttle curve)

thro

0% 0%

ch1

input output point

normal

Helicopter with glow engine or electric motor and STANDARD SPEED CONTR

OLLER

This setting only affects the control curve of the throttle servo or speed controller.

The method of setting up a throttle curve for a model helicopter ﬁ tted with a speed governor or regulator is discussed later.

The throttle curve can be deﬁ ned using up to ﬁ ve points, in a similar way to the collective pitch curve (see previous page).

In all cases the control curve must be set up in such • a way that the throttle is fully open, or the speed controller of an electric helicopter is at full power, at the end-point of the throttle / collective pitch stick, (exception: auto-rotation - see page 104).

The hover point is normally located at the centre of • the stick travel, and the throttle setting should be adjusted relative to the collective pitch curve in such a way that the correct system rotational speed is obtained at this point.

At the minimum position of the throttle / collective • pitch stick the throttle curve should initially be set up so that the (glow) motor runs at a distinctly higher speed compared to the idle setting, with the clutch reliably engaged.

In all ﬂ ight phases the motor (glow or electric) is started and stopped using the throttle limiter (see below).

If you are used to a different radio control system which uses two separate ﬂ ight phases for this - “with idle-up” and “without idle-up”; therefore incurring the “loss” of one complete ﬂ ight phase - please note that the throttle limiter renders this complication superﬂ uous, as the increased system rotational speed below the hover point in the mx-12 HoTT program is more ﬂ exible, and can be ﬁ ne-tuned more accurately, than the “idle-up” system used with earlier mc radio control systems.

Ensure that the throttle limiter is closed before you start the glow motor, i. e. the throttle can only be adjusted within its idle range using the idle trim. Be sure to read the safety notes on page 102 which refer to this. If the idle is set too high when you switch the transmitter on, you will see and hear a clear warning!

STARLET

#02

5.2V

2:22h

stop

throttle

too

high !

0:00 0:00

mal »

HoTT

5.5V

The following three diagrams show typical 3-point throttle curves f

or different ﬂ ight phases, such as hover, aerobat-

ics and 3-D ﬂ ying.

Program description: helicopter mixers – model helicopter

Typical throttle curves for different ﬂ ight phases:

+100% +100% +100%

Output

100%

23451

Control travel Control travel Control travel

Hover

Output

100%

23451

Aerobatics 3D

Output

100%

23451

Notes on using the “Throttle limit” function:

We strongly recommend that you make use of the • throttle limit function (“Transmitter control settings” menu, page 79). When you use this function the throttle servo is completely disconnected from the throttle / collective pitch stick when the proportional throttle limit control is at its left-hand end-point; the motor runs at idle and only responds to the Ch 1 trim. This feature enables you to start the motor from within any ﬂ ight phase.

Once the motor is running, turn the throttle limiter slowly to the opposite end-point, so that full control of the throttle servo is returned to the throttle / collective pitch stick. It is important that the throttle limiter should not restrict the throttle servo at its upper endpoint; you can avoid this by setting the control travel to +125% in the “Lim” line of the “Transmitter control settings” menu.

Since electric motors by their nature require no idle • setting, the only important point when setting up an electric-powered model helicopter is that the adjustment range of the throttle limiter should be set signiﬁ cantly higher and lower than the adjustment range of the speed controller, which is usually from -100% to +100%. It may therefore be necessary to set the “Travel” value of the throttle limiter to an appropriate point

in the “Lim” line of the “Transmitter control settings” menu. However, the throttle curve itself has to be ﬁ netuned with the helicopter in ﬂ ight, just like a glow-powered machine.

Releasing the full throttle range, and imposing the • throttle limiter again, trips the switching threshold of the control switch “C3” (i. e. in either direction); this switch can be used for automatically starting and stopping the stopwatch to record the ﬂ ight time, or some similar purpose; see page 39.

When you select auto-rotation, the mixer automatically switches the value to a variable pre-set value; see the section starting on page 104.

Helicopter with speed GOVERNOR (REGULATOR)

In contrast to speed controllers, which simply adjust power output in the same way as a carburettor, speed gover- nors maintain a constant rotational speed in the system which they regulate; they accomplish this by adjusting the power output as required. In the case of a glow-powered helicopter the governor automatically controls the throttle servo; in an electric-powered machine the governor does the same with the speed controller. For this reason speed

governors do not require a classic throttle curve; they just need a pre-set rotational speed. Once this is set, the

system rotational speed does not alter unless the system calls for more power from the motor than is available.

Connect your speed governor to receiver output 6 instead of the throttle servo, and adjust the throttle curve as described in the following section. This ensures that the throttle curve can assume the role of the “usual” transmitter control.

However, if you wish to be able to exploit the convenience and safety features of the throttle limiter, the speed governor should be connected to receiver output 6 - in

Program description: helicopter mixers – model helicopter

contrast to the usual socket sequence - and the throttle curve adjusted so that it can simply assume the role of the “usual” transmitter control.

In this case the “throttle curve” only determines the nominal rotational speed of the speed controller, and this nominal value is required to remain constant over the full range of collective pitch; for this reason a horizontal line should be set in the “Ch 1 ¼ throttle” mixer, i. e. every (collective pitch) input value results in the same (“throttle”) output value. The “height” of the line in the graph determines the nominal system rotational speed.

Initially, then, reference point “3” should be erased, and reference points “1” (input = -100%) and “5” (input = +100%) set to the same value; for example:

ch1

input output point

thro

–100%

+30%

normal

The value to be set varies according to the speed governor you are using, and also to the desired nominal rotational speed;

you may wish to vary it, of course, in the

various ﬂ ight phases.

When you select auto-rotation, the mixer automatically switches the value to a variable pre-set value; see the section starting on page 104.

Ch1 ¼ tail rotor (static torque compensation)

Ch1

input output point

normal

The default setting is a torque compensation curve with a uniform linear mix sensor operating in “heading lock mode”; see illustration above.

Important Note: It is absolutely essential to read and observe the set-up instructions supplied with your gyro before entering any settings at this point, as a mistake here could render your helicopter uncontrollable.

If you use your gyro sensor in “normal” operating mode, or if the gyro only offers “normal mode”, then you should set up the mixer as follows:

The tail rotor control curve can be deﬁ ned using up to ﬁ ve points, in a similar way to the collective pitch curve (see previous page). You can therefore modify the mixer at any time when required, and enter symmetrical or asymmetrical mixer inputs both above and below the hover point. However, please ensure at the outset that you have entered the correct direction of main rotor rotation in the “Basic settings” menu.

tail

0% 0%

er input of 0%, as is required for a gyro

CH1

input output point

normal

Starting from -30% at Point 1 and +30% at Point 5, this mixer should be set up in such a wa does not rotate around the vertical (yaw) axis (i. e. does not deviate from the hover heading) during a long vertical climb or descent, due to the change in torque of the main rotor. At the hover the yaw trim should be set using the (digital) tail rotor trim lever only.

For a reliable torque compensation setting it is essential that the collective pitch and throttle curves have been set up correctly, i. e. that main rotor speed remains constant over the full range of collective pitch.

When you select auto-rotation, this mixer is automatically switched off.

Gyro (adjusting gyro gain)

Most modern gyro systems feature proportional, inﬁ nitely variable adjustment of gyro gain as well as a means of selecting either of two different methods of working from the transmitter.

If the gyro you wish to use features at least one of these options, then it offers you the possibility of pre-setting both “normal” gyro effect and - if available - “heading lock mode”, and also of ﬂ ying normal, slow circuits with maximum gyro stabilisation, but reducing the gyro effect for high-speed circuits and aerobatics. This is generally similar to the transmitter control centre adjustment or offset adjustment provided by other radio control sys-

tail

0% 0%

y that the helicopter

tems. We recommend that you set up switchable ﬂ ight phases

for this, and set different gain settings for each phase in the “Gyro” line; values between -125% and +125% are possible.

ptch ch1 ch1 gyro swash lim. off

normal

Based on the offset values determined for each ﬂ ight phase, gyro gain can be var of a transmitter control assigned in the “Gyro” line of the “Transmitter control settings” menu (see page 78). This could be CTRL 8, which would provide inﬁ nitely variable gyro gain control:

At the centre position of this transmitter control • the gyro effect always corresponds to the settings selected here.

If you turn the rotary proportional control CTRL 8, • which we are using in our example, in the direction of full travel (away from centre), the gyro gain increases accordingly …

… and diminishes again if you turn it in the direction • of the opposite end-point.

thro tail

ied proportionally by means

Program description: helicopter mixers – model helicopter

Adjusting the gyro sensor

If you wish to set up a gyro to achiev sible stabilisation of the helicopter around the vertical axis, please note the following points:

The mechanical control system should be as free-• moving and accurate (slop-free) as possible.

There should be no “spring” or “give” in the tail rotor • linkage.

You must use a powerful and - above all - fast servo • for the tail rotor.

When the gyro sensor detects a deviation in yaw, the faster it adjusts the thrust of the tail rotor, the further the gyro gain adjuster can be advanced without the tail of the model starting to oscillate, and the better the machine’s stability around the vertical axis. If the corrective system is not fast enough, there is a danger that the model’s tail will start to oscillate even at low gyro gain settings, and you then have to reduce gyro gain further using the rotary proportional control CTRL 8, as used in our example, to adjust the pre-set “Gyro” value to eliminate the oscillation.

If the model is ﬂ ying forward at high speed, or hovering in a powerful headwind, the net result of the stabilising effect of the vertical ﬁ n combined with the gyro’s stabilising effect may be an over-reaction which manifests itself as tail oscillation. In order to obtain optimum stabilisation from a gyro in all ﬂ ight situations, you should make use of the facility to adjust gyro gain from the transmitter.

e maximum pos-

Swashplate limiter

ptch ch1 ch1 gyro swash lim. off normal

This function acts like a circular mechanical gate acting upon the swashplate control stic of travel - which is usually rectangular - to a circular pattern. This is designed to solve the following problem: if the helicopter is set up in such a way that the roll and pitch-axis travels extend to the maximum possible in mechanical terms, e. g. for 3-D helicopter ﬂ ying, then at simultaneous full travel of roll and pitch-axis the actual movement of the swashplate is higher (theoretically 141%). In this situation the mechanical swashplate system may strike its end-stops, and in the extreme case the ball-links may even be forced off the linkage balls.

In the mx-12 HoTT transmitter a software function has the effect of limiting the overall swashplate travel, i. e. the tilt angle of the swashplate between 100% (the travel is limited to the value which can be reached by one function - roll or pitch-axis - alone) and 149% (no limiting in force) is switched “off” (the function is completely disabled). Swashplate limiting can also be adjusted to suit individual models and ﬂ ight phases.

This software solution is far more ﬂ exible than a physical limiter disc attached to the stick unit, and such a disc can only be used in any case if the roll and pitch-axis functions are controlled by one of the two primary sticks.

The sketch alongside shows the effect of the limiter at a setting of 100%: the dotted area of travel is cut off, and

thro tail

k, restricting its range

appears as a dead zone. If this function is used, you should leave “Dual Rate” at 100%, and you should not set Dual Rate values greater than 100%, otherwise travel will be limited on the roll or pitch-axis individually if the swashplate limiter is set to 100%.

Adjustment range: 100 ... 149% and “off”.

Program description: helicopter mixers – model helicopter

Adjusting the throttle and collective pitch curves

A practical procedure

Although the throttle and collective pitch control systems are based on separate servos, they are always operated in parallel by the throttle / collective pitch stick (except when auto-rotation is invoked). The Helicopter program automatically couples the functions in the required way. In the mx-12 HoTT program the trim lever of control function 1 only affects the throttle servo, i. e. it acts as idle trim (see “Digital trims” on page 40).

The process of adjusting “throttle” and collective pitch correctly, i. e. setting the motor’s power curve to match the collective pitch setting of the main rotor blades, is the most important aspect of setting up any model helicopter. The program of the mx-12 HoTT provides independent adjustment facilities for the throttle, collective pitch and torque compensation curves.

These curves can be deﬁ ned using a maximum of ﬁ ve reference points. To deﬁ ne the control curves all you have to do is set individual values for these ﬁ ve points in order to determine each control curve.

However, before you set up the throttle / collective pitch function it is important to adjust the mechanical linkages to all the servos accurately, in accordance with the setup notes provided by the helicopter manufacturer.

Note: The hover point should always be set to the centre position of the throttle / collective pitch stick.

Idle setting and throttle curve

Note: Since electric power systems by their nature require no idle setting, it is not necessary to adjust the idle value. However, the matching of the throttle and collective pitch curve(s) must still be carried out as described here, in a

Program description: helicopter mixers – model helicopter

100

similar way to a glow-powered helicopter.

The idle setting is adjusted solely using the trim lever of the Ch 1 function, with the throttle limiter closed, as described in detail on pages 79 to 80.

Reference point 1 of the throttle curve deﬁ nes the throttle setting when the helicopter is in a descent, but without affecting the hover setting.

This is a case where you can exploit ﬂ ight phase programming to use different throttle curves. An increased system rotational speed below the hover point proves to be useful in certain circumstances; for example, for fast, steep landing approaches with greatly reduced collective pitch, and for aerobatics.

+100%

100%

OUTPUT

Control travel

23451

The diagram shows a curve with a slightly altered throttle setting below the hover point at the centre of stick travel.

Different throttle curves are programmed for each ﬂ ight phase, so that you can use the optimum set-up both for hovering and aerobatics:

Low system rotational speed with smooth, gentle • control response and low noise at the hover.

Higher speed for aerobatics with motor power settings • close to maximum. In this case the throttle curve also has to be adjusted in the hover range.

The basic set-up procedure

Although the mx-12 HoTT transmitter provides a broad range of adjustment for the collective pitch and throttle curves, it is essential that you ﬁ rst adjust all

the mechanical linkages in the model according to the information supplied by the helicopter manufacturer, i. e. all the system linkages should already be approximately correct in mechanical terms. If you are not sure of how to do this, any experienced helicopter pilot will be glad to help you with the basic set-up.

The throttle linkage must be adjusted in such a way that the throttle is just at the “fully open” position at the full-throttle setting, or the speed controller of an electric helicopter is set to full-power. When the throttle limiter is at the idle position, the Ch 1 trim lever should just be able to close the throttle completely, without the servo striking its mechanical end-stop (quick throttle adjustment using the “digital trim”: see page 40). With an electric helicopter the motor should stop reliably when the throttle limiter is closed.

Take your time, and carry out these adjustments very carefully by adjusting the mechanical linkage and / or changing the linkage point on the servo output arm or the throttle lever. Only when you are conﬁ dent that all is well should you think about ﬁ ne-tuning the throttle servo using the transmitter’s electronic facilities.

Caution: Read all you can about motors and helicopters, so that you are aware of the inherent dangers and the cautionary measures required before you attempt to start the motor for the ﬁ rst time!

With the basic set-up completed, it should be possible to start the motor in accordance with the operating instructions supplied with it, and adjust the idle setting using the trim lever of the throttle / collective pitch stick. The idle position which you set is indicated in the transmitter’s basic screen display by a horizontal bar in the display of the Ch 1 trim lever’s position. Refer to page 40

Graupner mx12 User guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Safety Notes

Environmental protection

Safety notes and handling instructions relating to Nickel-Metal-Hydride rechargeable batteries

Introduction

Operating Notes

Transmitter power supply

Receiver power supply

Adjusting stick length

Opening the transmitter case

Converting the dual-axis stick units

Description of transmitter

Optional headphone socket

Three-pin “PC” socket

Data socket

Card slot

Data recording / storage

Screen and keypad

Input buttons ESC, SET, CLEAR,

symbols

Short-Cuts

HIDDEN MODE

CONTRAST

LANGUAGE

VOICE MESSAGES

Warnings

Position display

Input lock

Installation Notes

Receiving system power supply

Assigning switches and control switches

Digital trims

Fixed-wing model aircraft

Model helicopters

Detailed description of programming

Reserving a new memory

Model memories

select model

clear model

Export to SD

Import from SD

Base settings

model name

stick mode

cut off

tail type

timer

Phase 2 and Phase 3

Receiver output

rx bind

“Binding” transmitter and receiver

range test

Base settings

Model name

Stick mode

Swashplate type

Cut off

Direction of rotation of main rotor

Timers

Collective pitch min.

Phase 2

Auto-rotation

Receiver output

rx bind (Bound receiver)

“Binding” transmitter and receiver

Range test

RF transmit

Servo settings

Transmitter control settings

Transmitter control settings

Throttle limit function

D/R Expo

Dual Rate function

Exponential function

D/R Expo

Dual Rate function