Garmin GPS II PLUS User Manual

GARMIN (Europe) Ltd., Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9AQ UK Tel: 011-44-1794-519944 Fax: 011-44-1794-519222

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

ing photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve

its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes.

GARMIN, GPS II+, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate, TracBack, and PhaseTrac12 are all trademarks of GARMIN

Corporation and may not be used without the expressed permission of GARMIN.

February 1998 Part # 190-00130-10 Rev. A Printed in Taiwan.

Thank You!

Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS II II+represents GARMIN’s continuing commitment to provide quality navigation information in a versatile and userfriendly flexible design you’ll enjoy for years. To get the most from your new GPS, take the time to read through the owner’s manual in order to understand the operating features of the GPS II tions for your convenience:

Section One takes you through step-by-step instructions to initialize the receiver for first-time use.

Section Two (Getting Started Tour) introduces you to the basic features of the unit and provides a quick-start

orientation to the GPS II+.

Section Three (Reference) provides details about the advanced features and operations of the GPS II

Before getting started with your GPS, check to see that your GARMIN GPS II+package includes the following items. If you are missing any parts, please contact your dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

• GPS II+Unit

• Wrist Strap

• GPS II+Owner’s Manual

• Velcro Mount

—the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator for outdoor use! The GPS

. This manual is organized into three sec-

by topic.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is operated by the government of the United States, which is

solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect

the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS II

is a precision electronic

NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe.

For vehicular applications, it’s the sole responsibility of the owner/operator of the GPS II

to secure the GPS unit so that it will not cause damage or personal injury in the event of an accident. Do not mount the GPS II+over airbag panels or in a place where the driver or passengers are likely to have an impact with it

in an accident or collision. The mounting hardware provided by GARMIN is not warranted against collision damage or the consequences thereof.

For vehicular operations, it is the sole responsibility of the operator of the vehicle to operate his or her vehicle in a safe manner, maintain full surveillance of all driving conditions at all times, and never become distracted by the GPS II+to the exclusion of safe operating practices. It is unsafe to operate the GPS II

you are driving. Failure by the operator of a vehicle equipped with a GPS II

to pay full attention to operat-

while

ing the vehicle and road conditions while the vehicle is in motion could result in an accident or collision with property damage and personal injury.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.

There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the affected equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment.

Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

The GPS II+does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations.

iii

SECTION ONE

What is GPS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Satellite Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Battery Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Unit Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Keypad Usage/Operating Terms . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Screen Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Initializing the Receiver/Power On . . . . . . . .7-8

Initializing the Receiver/Troubleshooting . . . . .9

Page Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Getting Started Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-19

SECTION TWO Reference

Satellite Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20-25

Position Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-28

Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29-30

Creating and Using Waypoints . . . . . . . . .31-39

GOTO and MOB Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-41

TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42-45

Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . .46-53

Compass and Highway Page . . . . . . . . . . .54-59

Map Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-70

Menu Page and Auxiliary Functions . . . . .71-82

Simulator Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

Appendix A—Dashboard Mounting . . . . . . . .87

Appendix B—Specifications and Wiring . .88-91

Appendix C—External Antenna . . . . . . . . . . .92

Appendix D—Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93-94

Appendix E—Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . .95-98

Appendix F—Time Offset Chart . . . . . . . . . . .99

Appendix G—Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100-102

Appendix H—Navigation Diagram . . . . . . . .103

Appendix I—Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

What is GPS?

GPS is a system of 24 satellites which circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit information to earth. The GPS II

must continuously “see” at

least three of these satellites to calculate your position and track your movement.

By using an almanac (a timetable of satellite numbers and their orbits) stored in the receiver’s memory, the GPS II+can determine the distance and position of any GPS satellite and use this information to compute your position.

Your GPS receiver can only see satellites above the horizon, so it needs to know what satellites to look for at any given time. To use this almanac data, your GPS needs to either be told its general location or given the opportunity to find itself, or “initialize.” Once you initialize the unit to a position, it will usually compute a fix within a few minutes. We’ll show you how to initialize your new GPS on p. 7.

Initialization is only necessary under the following conditions:

• The first time you use your receiver (from the factory).

• After the receiver has been moved over 500 miles from the last time you used it (with the power off).

• If the receiver’s memory has been cleared and all stored data has been lost.

To prevent accidental battery power loss, the GPS II+will automatically shut off 10 minutes after the last keystroke if the unit is not tracking at least one satellite and has not acquired a position fix.

Satellite Acquisition

Because the GPS II+relies on satellite signals to provide you with navigation guidance, the receiver needs to have an unobstructed, clear view of the sky for best performance. In a nutshell, the GPS receiver’s view of the sky will generally determine how fast you get a position fix—or if you get a fix at all. GPSsignals are relatively weak and do not travel through rocks, buildings, people, metal, or heavy tree cover, so remember to keep a clear view of the sky at all times for best performance.

Once the GPS II+has calculated a position fix, you’ll usually have anywhere from four to twelve satellites in view. The receiver will then continuously select the best satellites in view to update your position. If some of the satellites in view get blocked or “shaded,” the receiver can simply use an alternate satellite to maintain the position fix. Although a GPS receiver needs four satellites to provide a three-dimensional (3D) fix, it can maintain a two-dimensional (2D) fix with only three satellites. A threedimensional fix means the unit knows its latitude, longitude, and altitude, while a two-dimensional fix means the unit knows only its latitude and longitude.

Battery Installation

The GPS II+operates on 4 AA batteries (not included), which are installed at the

base of the unit. These batteries provide up to 24 hours of use.

To install the batteries:

1. Flip up the metal ring at the base of the unit, and turn the ring 90˚ counter clockwise.

2. Install the batteries (Fig. 3), and close the battery compartment door.

3. Lock the door in the closed position by rotating the metal ring 90˚ clockwise.

Battery life varies due to a variety of factors, including temperature and backlighting. You may find that the battery life varies in different conditions and that lithium batteries provide longer life in colder conditions.

When replacing the GPS II+’s batteries, observe the polarity markings engraved in the plastic case. An internal 10-year lithium battery will retain your data while you’re changing batteries.

Polarity

Markings

Fig. 3

To change the screen

orientation, press and

hold the page key.

Antenna

Function Keys

Power Key (red)

Rocker Keypad

LCD Display

Battery Door

(POWER)— Red key turns the unit on and off, and controls three levels of screen backlighting intensity.

(PAGE)— Scrolls main pages in sequence and returns display from a submenu page to a main page. Press and hold this key to change screen orientation.

(MARK)— Captures your present position and displays the mark position window.

(GOTO)— Displays the GOTO waypoint window, allowing you to select the destination waypoint.

(ENTER)— Activates highlighted fields and confirms menu options and data entry.

(QUIT)— Returns the display to a previous page or restores a data field’s previous value.

(IN and OUT)— Provides 18 adjustable fields by selecting either the in or out keys from the Map Page.

(KEYPAD)— Controls the movement of the cursor and is used to select options and positions, and to enter data.

CURSOR— A solid black bar which can be moved up, down, left, and right with the keypad to select individual fields.

DEFAULT— A system-selected format, built into a software program or the unit’s memory, that will be followed unless the user chooses a different setting.

FIELD— The location on a page where a group of characters or option is entered and displayed (Fig. 5).

HIGHLIGHT— The act of using the cursor to select a field for the purpose of entering data.

SCROLL— The act of moving through characters or options from a selected field.

‘Mode’

Field

Fig. 5

Screen Orientation

The GPS II+has a unique screen orientation feature for switching from a horizontal mounting position in a vehicle or on a bike to a vertical orientation for handheld outdoor use, such as hunting or hiking. The GPS II+’s rocker keypad and single-use keys are designed to function identically, no matter if you’re using the unit vertically (Fig. 6a) or horizontally (Fig. 6b).

HORIZONTAL

left right

To change the screen orientation:

Fig. 6a

1. Press and hold PAGE.

Data Entry

The arrow keypad is used for all data entry. Use

down

VERTICAL

the UP and DOWN keys to select letters, numbers, and menu options; use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to

left

right

move the cursor forward or backward along the line (Fig. 6c). Press ENTER to confirm your entry.

Fig. 6b

down

Fig. 6c

Initializing Your GPS II

To initialize the GPS II+, take the receiver outside and find an open area where the antenna has a clear view of the sky. You may either hold the receiver at a comfortable height with the external antenna pointing up (Fig. 7a), or mount the receiver on the dash of a vehicle (Appendix A) or on a bike. (Likewise, when you use your GPS II+in a vehicle, make sure the antenna is pointing up.)

To turn the GPS II+on, press and hold the red power key.

The Welcome and Database Info pages will be displayed while the unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the Welcome Page will be replaced by the Satellite Page. You’ll see the EZinit prompt, which asks you to choose an initialization method. Note: If the EZinit prompt has not automatically appeared, press ENTER.

To initialize your unit:

1. Press ENTER (Fig. 7b). (The word ‘COUNTRY’ in the first prompt will already be highlighted.)

2. Use the rocker keypad to scroll up or down through the list of countries to select your country/state/region. If the country you’re in isn’t listed, select the closest country to your present position, and press ENTER.

Fig. 7a

Fig. 7b

Check the Satellite Page for ‘2D nav’ or ‘3D nav’ to verify a position fix.

Fig. 8c

Fig. 8a Fig. 8b

This usually provides a position fix in 1 minute. You’ll know you have a fix when the unit automatically transitions from the Satellite Page to the Position Page (Figs. 8a-8b). Your receiver is now ready to use!

To turn the unit off:

1. Press and hold the red power key for three seconds (Fig. 8c).

If you have trouble initializing or getting a position fix, check the following:

• Does the receiver have a clear view of the sky?

If there are large buildings or mountains, or if there is heavy tree cover, the receiver may not be receiving enough satellite signals to calculate a fix. Also, if you’re using the GPS II

on a car dash, make sure the unit is placed so that it has the clearest possible view of the sky. Your GPS will only be able to detect satellites that it can “see” through your vehicle’s windshield. Depending on the slope of your dash or the overall surface area of the window, it may be necessary to mount an external antenna on your vehicle’s roof or trunk in order to give the unit a better view of the sky. (Contact your local GARMIN dealer and inquire about the GA 26 lowprofile remote antenna, part number 010-10052-02.)

• Have you selected the right country/state/region from the EZinit list?

Check for the correct approximate lat/lon on the Position Page, or reselect the appropriate country from the list to restart the initialization.

• Have you moved more than 500 miles from the last calculated position with the

receiver off?

Reinitialize the receiver by selecting the country/state/region of your new location from the EZinit list.

Scrolling Through the Main Pages

Satellite Page

Position Page

Map Page

Fig. 10

Navigation Page

Menu Page

To turn the GPS II+back on, press and hold the power key.

The GPS II+features five main pages which are linked together in a chain (Fig. 10). You can quickly scroll through the pages in either direction using the PAGE or QUIT keys. Let’s briefly tour each of these pages in order to give you some insight into how they help you navigate. We’ll go over all of them in more detail in the reference section.

This tour assumes that you have only initialized the receiver and have not changed any of the factory settings (units of measure, user-selectable fields, etc.). If you have changed any of the default settings, the pictures and descriptions in the tour may not match your unit. Also, make sure your unit’s screen is orientated horizontally by press-

ing and holding down the PAGE key.

Satellite Page

Fig. 11

Let’s start with the Satellite Page, which is the page you’ll view while your unit is getting a position fix. If you’re not already on this page, press PAGE or QUIT until it appears. The Satellite Page shows you status information that helps you understand what the receiver is doing at any given time, and it’s a page that you’ll want to occasionally refer back to as you use your unit. It features a sky view of available satellites, corresponding signal strength bars, the status of your current position fix

The signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they’r e being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality.

(acquiring, 2D, 3D, etc.), and your estimated position error (EPE). You can also tell how much battery power is remaining (Fig. 11), and you can adjust the screen contrast by pressing the rocker keypad.

Position Page

The Position Page (Fig. 12a) shows you where you are, what direction you’re heading, and how fast you’re going—and it’s the page you’ll want to use when you don’t have an active destination selected.

A graphic compass display at the top of the page shows your direction of travel while you’re moving, while five data fields below display your track and speed, a trip

Fig. 12a

odometer, and your position and altitude. The ‘trip’ and ‘altitude’ fields are userselectable, which means you can change them to display other navigation information. We’ll cover those fields more in the reference section.

Marking a Position

GPS is really about marking and going to places called waypoints. Before we can use our GPS II+to guide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as a waypoint. (Your GPS II+can hold up to 500 waypoints.)

To mark your present position:

Fig. 12b

1. Press the MARK key. The mark position page will appear, with a default three-digit name for the new waypoint in the upper-left portion of the page (Fig. 12b).

To rename the waypoint:

1. Use the keypad to highlight the name field, and press ENTER.

2. Enter the waypoint name ‘HOME’ (Fig. 13a), and press ENTER. (See p. 6 for data entry.) The ‘waypoint symbol’ field will become highlighted.

Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom waypoint symbol for easy way-

point recognition on the map page.

To change the waypoint symbol:

1. Highlight the waypoint symbol field (Fig. 13b), and press ENTER.

2. Select the house symbol, and press ENTER.

3. Move the cursor to the ‘DONE?’ prompt, and press ENTER.

4. Press ENTER to confirm the ‘SAVE?’ prompt.

The mark position page will be replaced by the Position Page (the page dis-

played before pressing MARK). The ‘HOME’ waypoint is now stored in the GPS II

’s

memory.

Fig. 13a

Fig. 13b

You can even time yourself with the GPS II+’s on-screen clock.

Using the Position Page

Now that you’ve marked a position, it’s time to take a brisk walk using the Position and Map Pages to watch your every move. You should still be on the Position Page.

To get the most from this tutorial, walk in a straight line for 3-4 minutes at a fast pace and watch the Position Page. (Because the GPS system typically has a margin of error of approximately 15 meters, you’ll need to walk this long to ensure that you travel far enough to register useful information. You’ll also get a better indication of how the GPS II+’s steering guidance and mapping features work to guide you.)

You’ll see that the direction you are moving (track), your speed, and how far you’ve gone displayed in the middle of the screen, just below the graphic compass display. The latitude, longitude and approximate altitude of your position are displayed at the bottom of the page, with the time of day displayed below.

To continue the tour, let’s move on to the next page:

1. Press PAGE.

Map Page

The GPS II+’s next page, the Map Page, shows your movement as a real-time track log (an electronic breadcrumb trail that “flashes” at a map scale of less than 5 miles), and your present position as a diamond icon in the center of the map. Use the zoom keys (IN and OUT) to change the map scale until you see the waypoint you just created (‘HOME’). We’ll cover more about this page in the reference section.

1. Now turn approximately 90º to your right and continue walking at a fast pace for another 2-3 minutes. Notice how the display changes, always keeping the direction you are moving at the top of the map (Fig. 15b).

Fig. 15a

Fig. 15b

Going To a Waypoint

Once you’ve stored a waypoint in memory, you can use the GPS II+to guide you to it by performing a simple GOTO. A GOTO is really nothing more than a straightline course from your present position to the destination you’ve selected. To see how it works, let’s try navigating back to our starting position, the HOME waypoint.

Fig. 16a

To select a GOTO destination:

1. Press GOTO.

2. Highlight the ‘HOME’ waypoint (Fig. 16a), and press ENTER.

You’ll notice that you’ll automatically return to the Map Page, and a straight line will connect your current position to the position of the GOTO waypoint (16b).

To continue the tour, let’s move on to the next page:

1. Press PAGE.

Fig. 16b

Compass Page

Whenever you select a destination waypoint, the GPS II

provides graphic steering guidance with the Compass Page (the default navigation page). The ‘compass ring’ in the middle of the page shows your direction of travel while you’re moving (indicated by the top of the ring), and the pointer arrow points to your destination (selected waypoint). As you move toward ‘HOME’, notice how the compass ring and the pointer arrow provide a clear picture of the direction you’re moving and the direction of ‘HOME.’

The bearing and distance to a waypoint are displayed at the top of the screen, and your current track and speed are shown below. The default ‘ETE’ field, at the bottom of the screen between the ‘track’ and ‘speed’ fields (Fig. 17a), is a user-selectable field that can provide a variety of navigation information. We’ll cover more about that field in the reference section (see page 55).

As you get close to ‘HOME’, you’ll be alerted to press PAGE. The GPS II

will give you the message “Approaching HOME” (Fig. 17b). Once you’ve arrived, you’ll notice the distance field will read 0.00.

Fig. 17a

Fig. 17b

Menu Page

You’ve already seen the first four pages in action by acquiring satellites, marking a position, and navigating to a destination. The last page available from the main page sequence is the Menu Page (Fig. 18a), which provides access to the GPS II

’s

waypoint management, route, setup, and city locator features.

To view the Menu Page:

Fig. 18a

1. Press PAGE.

To select a menu option:

1. Highlight the desired field, and press ENTER (18b).

To return to the Menu Page:

1. Press QUIT.

Fig. 18b

Clearing the Track Log

After you’ve practiced and used the GPSII+for a few trips, you may find that your map display has become cluttered with track plots. To get a feel for how the map and track features work, let’s clear the track log (the plot points left on the Map Page) we’ve just created during the Getting Started tour.

To clear the track log:

1. Scroll to the Map Page, and press ENTER.

2. Highlight the ‘track setup’ field, and press ENTER.

3. Highlight the ‘clear log?’ field (Fig. 19a), and press ENTER.

4. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and press ENTER.

Congratulations! You’ve just completed the Getting Started Tour! You now know enough about the GPS II+to go out and have some fun with it. We strongly recommend that you read on and explore the Reference section, which contains a closer look at all of the exciting features of the GPS II

To turn your GPS II+off:

1. Press and hold the red power key (Fig. 19b). The unit will count down for three seconds and then turn off.

Fig. 19a

Fig. 19b

Satellite Page

The GPS II+’s Satellite Page provides a visual reference of satellite acquisition and position. As the receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar will appear for each satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite number (1-32) underneath each bar. The progress of satellite acquisition is shown in three stages:

• No signal strength bars— the receiver is looking for the satellites indicated.

Fig. 20a

• Hollow signal strength bars— the receiver has found the satellite(s) and is collecting data (Fig. 20a).

• Solid signal strength bars— the receiverhas collected the necessary data and the satellite(s) is ready for use.

Each satellite has a 30-second data transmission that must be collected (hollow bar status) before that satellite may be used for navigation (solid bar status). Once a fix has been calculated, the GPS II+will then update your position, track, and speed by selecting and using the best satellites in view. You can also access the GPS II

’s

contrast feature from this page (see p. 75).

Fig. 20b

To adjust the screen contrast:

1. Press the rocker keypad, adjust the level of contrast (Fig. 20b), and press ENTER.

Sky View and Signal Strength Bars

The sky view and signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they are being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky view shows a bird’s-eye view of the position of each available satellite relative to the unit’s last known position. The outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner circle 45º above the horizon; and the center point directly overhead. You can use the sky view to help determine if any satellites are being blocked, and whether you have a current position fix (indicated by a ‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ in the status field) (Fig. 21b). You can also set the sky view to a track up configuration by changing the “orientation” option on the Map Page. (See p. 67 for setup instructions.)

When the receiver is looking for a particular satellite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once the receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been found and the receiver is collecting data from it (Fig. 21a). The satellite number in the sky view will no longer appear highlighted. As soon as the GPS II+has collected the necessary data to calculate a fix, the status field will indicate a 2D or 3D status.

Fig. 21a

Fig. 21b

Receiver Status and EPE

Receiver status is indicated at the top left of the page, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimated position error, in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will be shown as one of the following conditions:

Searching— the GPS II+is looking for any available satellites in view (Fig. 22a).

AutoLocate— the GPS II+is initializing and collecting new almanac data. This

Fig. 22a

process can take 5 minutes, depending on the satellites currently in view.

Acquiring— the receiver is collecting data from available satellites, but has not

collected enough data to calculate a 2D fix.

2D Navigation— at least three satellites with good geometry have been locked

onto and a 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude) is being calculat-

ed. ‘2D Diff’ will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode.

3D Navigation— at least four satellites with good geometry have been locked

onto, and your position is now being calculated in latitude, longitude and alti-

tude. ‘3D Diff’ will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode.

Fig. 22b

Poor GPS Coverage— the receiver i s n ’t tracking enough satellites for a 2D or

3D fix due to bad satellite geometry (Fig. 22b).

Not Usable— the receiver is unusable, possibly due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset, and reinitialize the receiver if necessary.

Simulator— the receiver is in simulator mode (Fig. 23a).

EZinit Option Prompt

The Satellite Page also provides access to the EZinit prompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated (Fig. 23b). (The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring, simulator, or poor coverage mode.) This allows you to reinitialize the unit (see p. 7), and is useful if you have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver off and must initialize your new position. (The EZinit prompt will automatically appear if the receiver needs to be initialized. The prompt may also appear during normal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit is indoors.)

Fig. 23a

Fig. 23b

Battery Level Indicator

The Satellite Page also features a battery level indicator, located to the left of the sky view, which displays the strength of the unit’s batteries (Fig. 24). The battery indicator will not appear if the receiver is operating off external power.

Fig. 24

The battery level indicator is calibrated for alkaline batteries. Ni-Cad and lithium batteries will display the battery level differently due to voltage differences. No other receiver

functions are affected.

The GPS II+features an internal 10-year lithium battery that will maintain the unit’s memory when the receiver is not running off batteries or external power.

+ 82 hidden pages