Garmin 400, 500 User Manual

400/500 Series Garmin Optional Displays

Pilot’s Guide Addendum For:

•GDL 49 Weather Datalink

•GDL 69/69A XM Satellite Datalink

•GTX 330/330D TIS

•Garmin TAWS (GPS 500 & GNS 530)

•Garmin TERRAIN

Foreword

This Pilot’s Guide Addendum is written for:

• Garmin GPS 400, GNC 420/420A, and GNS 430/430A Main System Software Version 5.01

• Garmin GPS 500 & GNS 530/530A Main System Software Version 6.01

• GTX 330/330D Main Software Version 4.01

• GDL 49 Main Software Version 2.03

• GDL 69/69A Main Software Version 2.12 Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to

earlier or later software versions.

Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020 Fax 913/397.8282

Street, Olathe, KS 66062, U.S.A.

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Garmin® is a registered trademark, and GTX™ and GDL™ are trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries and may not be used without the express permission of Garmin.

Garmin (Europe) Ltd., Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey SO51 9AQ, U.K. Tel. 44/0870.8501241 Fax 44/0870.8501251

Garmin Corporation, No. 68, Jangshu 2 Tel. 886/2.2642.9199 Fax 886/2.2642.9099

Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan

Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this addendum may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded, or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express prior written consent of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed and to print one copy of this manual or of any revision hereto, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

August 2005 190-00140-13 Revision E

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ARNING: Terrain data is obtained from third party sources. Garmin is not able to independently verify the accuracy of this data which should be used only as an aid for situational awareness. Ter rain data must not be used as the sole basis for decisions or maneuvers to avoid terrain or obstacles. Terrain data must not be used for navigation.

CAUTION: Use the 400/500 Series Units at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of the Owner’s Manual and the Flight Manual Sup plement, and thoroughly practice basic operation prior to actual use.

INTRODUCTION

Warnings and Cautions



CAUTION: The Global Positioning System is operated by the United States government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although Garmin 400/500 Series Units are precision electronic NAVigation AIDS (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and therefore become unsafe.

CAUTION: Use the Weather Data Link Interface, TIS, TAWS, and TERRAIN at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, thoroughly practice basic operation prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the Garmin unit to all available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any dis crepancies before continuing navigation. The GPS altitude format calculated by the Garmin 400/500 Series units is geometric height above mean sea level and could vary signiﬁcantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft. Never use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.

CAUTION: The Jeppesen database incorporated in the Garmin 400/500 Series Units must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days. A database information packet is included in your Garmin 400/500 Series Unit package. Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk.

CAUTION: The Weather Data Link, TIS, TAWS, and TERRAIN information contained in this Pilot’s Guide Addendum is not intended to replace the documentation that is supplied with the applicable Garmin 400/500 Series Unit and the GTX 330 Transponder. The user must know how to operate the 400/500 Series Unit and be knowledgeable of the information in the 400/500 Pilot’s Guide.

TIS CAUTION:

TIS is NOT intended to be used as a collision avoidance system and does not relieve the pilot responsibility to “see and avoid” other aircraft. TIS should not be used for avoidance maneuvers during IMC or other times when there is no visual contact with the intruder aircraft. TIS is intended only to assist in visual acquisition of other aircraft in VMC. Avoidance maneuvers are not

recommended, nor authorized, as a direct result of a TIS intruder display or TIS alert.

While TIS is a useful aid to visual trafﬁc avoidance, it has some system limitations that must be fully understood to ensure proper use. Many of these limitations are inherent in secondary radar surveillance. In other words, the information provided by TIS will be no better than that provided to ATC.

Introduction

Contents

Table of Contents

PART ONE: TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICE (TIS) INTERFACE

Section 1: TIS Operation and Symbology .....................................................................................1

TIS Operation ...................................................................................................................................... 1

TIS Limitations ....................................................................................................................................2

TIS Symbology .....................................................................................................................................4

Section 2: Control and Display .....................................................................................................5

TIS Trafﬁc Display Status and Pilot Response .......................................................................................

Trafﬁc Ground Track ...........................................................................................................................

Trafﬁc Warning Window ......................................................................................................................

Trafﬁc Page ..........................................................................................................................................

Trafﬁc Page Display Range ....................................................................................................................

Map Page .............................................................................................................................................7

Conﬁguring TIS Trafﬁc Data on the Map Page ......................................................................................

Highlighting TIS Trafﬁc Using Map Page Panning ................................................................................

Section 3: TIS Operational Procedures .........................................................................................9

Introduction .........................................................................................................................................

Power-Up Test ......................................................................................................................................

Manual Override ................................................................................................................................ 10

Flight Procedures ...............................................................................................................................

After Landing ..................................................................................................................................... 10

PART TWO: WEATHER DATA LINK INTERFACE

Section 1: Introd

Weather Products ...............................................................................................................................

uction ...............................................................................................................11

Section 2: NEXRAD Overview .....................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION

NEXRAD Description .........................................................................................................................12

NEXRAD Abnormalities .....................................................................................................................12

NEXRAD Limitations .........................................................................................................................12

NEXRAD Intensity ............................................................................................................................. 13

Section 3: NEXRAD Operation ....................................................................................................14

Requesting NEXRAD Data ..................................................................................................................14

Data Received Message (GDL 49 Only) .............................................................................................. 16

Displaying NEXRAD Data on the Weather Page .................................................................................

Customizing NEXRAD Data on the Weather Page ..............................................................................

Displaying NEXRAD Data on the Map Page .......................................................................................17

Customizing NEXRAD Data on the Map Page .................................................................................... 17

Displaying NEXRAD Data on the Default NAV Page (500 Series Only) ..............................................

Customizing NEXRAD Data on the Default NAV Page (500 Series Only) ...........................................

Request Shortcuts ..............................................................................................................................18

Data Link Request Log Page (GDL 49 Only) ......................................................................................19

Sending Position Reports (GDL 49 Only) ...........................................................................................19

Section 4: METAR Operation ......................................................................................................20

Table of Contents

The screen display examples shown in this addendum are taken from the GNS 430 and GNS 530. TIS and Weather Data Link Display Interface functionality is the same for the 400 and 500 Series Units. TIS Traffic Display and Weather Data Link are available only when the 400/500 units are configured with the GTX 330 Mode S Transponder and GDL 49 Data Link Satellite Transceiver, respectively.

Requesting Graphical METARS ..........................................................................................................

Displaying Graphical METARS on the NAV Weather Page ..................................................................

Viewing Graphical METAR Data for a Speciﬁc Airport from the Map Page .........................................

Weather Legend Page .........................................................................................................................

Displaying Textual METARS ...............................................................................................................

iii

Introduction

Table of Contents

Section 5: Temperature, Dewpoints, and Winds .........................................................................24

Displaying Temperature/Dewpoints ....................................................................................................

Displaying Wind Data ........................................................................................................................

Section 6: Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................................25

Monitoring the Data Link ..................................................................................................................25

GDL 49 Datalink Status .....................................................................................................................26

GDL 69/69A Datalink Status ..............................................................................................................27

PART THREE:

Section 1: Introduction ...............................................................................................................29

Overview ...........................................................................................................................................

Operating Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 29

GPS Position and GPS-MSL Altitude .................................................................................................. 29

TERRAIN Alerting using the GPS Position/GPS-MSL Altitude ............................................................ 30

Baro-Corrected Altitude verses GPS-MSL Altitude ..............................................................................

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) using GPS-MSL Altitude ...............................................................

Limitations .........................................................................................................................................31

Section 2: TERRAIN Operation ....................................................................................................32

Power Up ...........................................................................................................................................32

TERRAIN Page .................................................................................................................................. 32

Inhibit Mode ...................................................................................................................................... 33

TERRAIN Symbols ............................................................................................................................. 34

Color Interpretation ...........................................................................................................................

General Database Information ............................................................................................................ 35

Database Versions ..............................................................................................................................

TERRAIN INTERFACE

Database Updates ...............................................................................................................................35

TERRAIN/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage .................................................................................36

Navigation Database ........................................................................................................................... 36

Nearest Airport C

TERRAIN Destination Airport ............................................................................................................ 37

Section 3: TERRAIN Alerts ..........................................................................................................38

Pop-up Alerts ....................................................................................................................................38

riteria & TERRAIN Phase of Flight .........................................................................37

INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents

Forward Looking TERRAIN Avoidance ..............................................................................................

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) .....................................................................................................

TERRAIN Failure Alert .......................................................................................................................41

‘TERRAIN Not Available’ A

TERRAIN Alert Summary ...................................................................................................................

PART FOUR:

Section 1: Introduction ...............................................................................................................43

Section 2: TAWS Operation .........................................................................................................46

TAWS INTERFACE

Overview ...........................................................................................................................................

Operating Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 43

GPS Position and GPS-MSL Altitude .................................................................................................. 43

TAWS Alerting using the GPS Position/GPS-MSL Altitude ..................................................................

Baro-Corrected Altitude verses GPS-MSL Altitude ..............................................................................

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) using GPS-MSL Altitude ...............................................................

Limitations .........................................................................................................................................45

Power Up ...........................................................................................................................................46

TAWS

Page ........................................................................................................................................46

lert ...........................................................................................................41

Inhibit Mode ...................................................................................................................................... 48

TAWS Manual Test .............................................................................................................................

Introduction

Table of Contents

TAWS Symbols ..................................................................................................................................50

Color Interpretation ...........................................................................................................................

General Database Information ............................................................................................................ 51

Database Versions ..............................................................................................................................

Database Updates ...............................................................................................................................51

Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage .....................................................................................

Navigation Database ........................................................................................................................... 52

Nearest Airport C

TAWS Destination Airport ..................................................................................................................

Section 3: TAWS Alerts ...............................................................................................................

Forward Looking TERRAIN Avoidance ..............................................................................................

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) .....................................................................................................

Excessive Descent Rate Alert (EDR) .................................................................................................... 57

Negative Climb Rate After Takeoff Alert (NCR) ..................................................................................

‘Five-Hundred’ Aural Alert .................................................................................................................

TAWS Failure Alert ............................................................................................................................

riteria & TAWS Phase of Flight ............................................................................... 53

TAWS Not Available Alert ..................................................................................................... 59

TAWS Alert Summary ...........................................................................................................

APPENDIX A: Standard Forecast Abbreviations............................................................63

APPENDIX B: Graphical METAR Symbology.................................................................64

PART ONE:

7.0 nm 3,500 ft

3,000 ft

Section 1

TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICE (TIS) INTERFACE

Section 1: TIS Operation and Symbology

TIS Operation

NOTE: Part One of this Addendum assumes the user has experience operating the 400/500

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cockpit for non-TCAS equipped aircraft. TIS is a ground-based service providing relative location of all ATCRBS Mode A and Mode C transponder-equipped aircraft within a speciﬁed service volume. The TIS ground sensor uses real-time track reports to generate trafﬁc notiﬁcation. TIS Trafﬁc display is available to aircraft equipped with a Mode S Data Link such as the Garmin GTX 330 Transponder. TIS Trafﬁc from a GTX 330 Transponder can then be displayed on a Garmin 400/500 Series unit. Surveillance data includes all transponder-equipped aircraft within the coverage volume. Aircraft without an operating transponder are invisible to TIS. TIS displays up to eight trafﬁc targets within 7 nautical miles horizontally from 3000 feet below to 3500 feet above the requesting aircraft.

Series units and the Garmin GTX 330 Transponder.

The Trafﬁc Information Service (TIS) provides a graphic display of trafﬁc advisory information in the

TIS Operation and Symbology

How TCAS differs from TIS—the main difference between TIS and TCAS is the source of surveillance data. TCAS uses an airborne interrogator with a half-second update rate, while TIS uses the terminal Mode S ground interrogator and its Data Link to provide about a ﬁve-second update rate. The range accuracy of TIS and TCAS is similar.

TIS Coverage Volume (not to scale)

Section 1

TIS Operation and Symbology

Garmin is not responsible for Mode S geographical coverage. Operation of the ground stations is the responsibility of the FAA. Refer to the Aeronautical Information Manual for a Terminal Mode S Radar Site Map covering the U.S.

NOTE: TIS will be unavailable at low altitudes in many areas of the U.S., particu larly in mountainous regions. Also, when ﬂying near the “ﬂoor” of radar coverage in a particular area, intruders below the client aircraft may not be detected by TIS.

TIS Limitations

NOTE: This section on TIS Limitations is not comprehensive. Garmin recommends the user

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review the TIS Limitations section of the Aeronautical Information Manual, Section 1-3-5.

TIS relies on surveillance of the Mode S radar, which is a “secondary surveillance” radar similar to the ATCRBS. TIS operation may be intermittent during turns or other maneuvering. TIS is dependent on twoway, “line-of-sight” communications between the aircraft and the Mode S radar. Whenever the structure of the client aircraft comes between the transponder antenna (usually located on the underside of the aircraft)

and the ground-based radar antenna, the signal may be temporarily interrupted. Other limitations and anomalies associated with TIS are described in the AIM, Section 1-3-5.

TIS information is collected one radar scan prior to the scan during which the uplink occurs. Therefore, the surveillance information is approximately 5 seconds old. In order to present the intruders in a “real time” position, the TIS ground station uses a “predictive algorithm” in its tracking software. This algorithm uses track history data to extrapolate intruders to their expected positions consistent with the time of display in the cockpit. Occasionally, aircraft maneuvering will cause this algorithm to induce errors in the 400/500 display. These errors primarily affect relative bearing information and trafﬁc target track vector (it will lag); intruder distance and altitude will remain relatively accurate and may be used to assist in “see and avoid.” Some of the more common examples of these errors follow:

• When client or intruder aircraft maneuvers excessively or abruptly, the tracking algorithm may report incorrect horizontal position until the maneuvering aircraft stabilizes.

• When a rapidly closing intruder is on a course that crosses the client aircraft course at a shallow angle (either overtaking or head on) and either aircraft abruptly changes course within ¼ nm, TIS may display the intruder on the opposite side of the client than it actually is.

Section 1

TIS Operation and Symbology

Users of TIS can render valuable assistance in the correction of malfunctions by reporting their observations of undesirable performance. Reporters should identify the time of observation, location, type and identity of aircraft, and describe the condition observed; the type of transponder processor and software in use can also be useful information. Since TIS performance is monitored by maintenance personnel rather than ATC, it is suggested that malfunctions be reported in the following ways:

These are relatively rare occurrences and will be corrected in a few radar scans once the course has stabilized.

• By telephone to the nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) facility.

• By FAA Form 8000-7, Safety Improvement Report, a postage-paid card designed for this purpose. These cards may be obtained at FAA FSSs, General Aviation District Ofﬁces, Flight Standards District Ofﬁces, and General Aviation Fixed Based Operations.

Section 1

TIS Symbology

TIS Operation and Symbology

The TIS audio alert is generated whenever the number of Trafﬁc Advisories on the 400/500 display increases from one scan to the next. Limit ing Trafﬁc Advisories only reduces the “nuisance” alerting due to proximate aircraft. For example, when the ﬁrst Trafﬁc Advisories appears on the TIS display, the user is alerted audibly. So long as a single aircraft remains on the TIS display, no further audio alert is generated. If a second (or more) aircraft appears on the display, a new audio alert is sounded.

If the number of Trafﬁc Advisories on the TIS display decreases and then increases, a new audio alert is sounded. The TIS audio alert is also generated whenever TIS service becomes unavailable. The volume, pitch, and duration of the audio alert (including the choice between a male or female voice) is conﬁgured during installation.

TIS trafﬁc is displayed on the 400/500 Series unit according to TCAS symbology, graphically displayed on a dedicated graphical page (Trafﬁc Page; see below), and on the moving Map Page. A Trafﬁc Advisory (TA) symbol appears as a solid yellow circle (or half circle on the outer range ring if the trafﬁc is outside the range of the dedicated Trafﬁc Page). All other trafﬁc is displayed as a hollow white diamond. Altitude deviation from own aircraft altitude is displayed above the target symbol if trafﬁc is above own aircraft altitude, and below the symbol if they are below own aircraft altitude. Altitude trend is displayed as an up arrow (>+500 ft/min), down arrow (<-500 ft/min), or no symbol if less than 500 ft/min rate in either direction.

Traffic Ground Track is indicated on the 400/500 display by a “target track vector”, a short line displayed in 45-degree incre ments. This vector shows the flight direction of the traffic.

Traffic Advisory (TA)—This symbol is generated when traf fic meets the advisory criteria described on page 9.

Own Aircraft

The following TIS audio alerts are available:

• “Traffic” —TIS traffic alert is received.

• “Traffic Not Available” — TIS service is not available or out of range.

‘Other’ Traffic—This symbol represents traffic detected within the selected display range that does not generate a TA.

Section 2: Control and Display

TIS Trafﬁc Display Status and Pilot Response

• STBY — When the 400/500 displays STBY in the upper right hand corner of the display the TIS

system is in standby mode and cannot display trafﬁc data.

• OPER — When the 400/500 displays OPER in the upper right hand corner of the display the

TIS system is in operational mode and available to display trafﬁc on the Trafﬁc or Map Page.

• AGE — If trafﬁc data is not refreshed within 6 seconds, an age indicator (e.g., “AGE 00:06”) is

displayed in the lower right corner of the display (when displaying trafﬁc). After another 6 seconds, if data is still not received, the trafﬁc is removed from the display. The pilot should be aware that the quality of displayed trafﬁc is reduced in this condition.

• TRFC CST — The ‘TRFC CST’ (trafﬁc coasting) banner located above the AGE timer indicates

that displayed trafﬁc is held even though the data is stale. The pilot should be aware that the quality of displayed trafﬁc is reduced in this condition.

• TRFC RMVD — The ‘TRFC RMVD’ banner indicates that trafﬁc has been removed from the

display due to the age of the data being too old to “coast” (for the time period of 12-60 seconds from the last receipt of a TIS message). The pilot should be aware that trafﬁc may be present but not shown.

• UNAVAIL — When a 60 second period elapses with no data, TIS is considered to be

unavailable. This state is indicated by the text ‘UNAVAILABLE’ (500 Series) and ‘UNAVAIL’ (400 Series). The pilot should be aware that ‘UNAVAIL’ could indicate a TIS coverage limitation due to a line-of-sight situation, a low altitude condition, or a result of ﬂying directly over the radar site providing coverage (cone of silence).

• NO DATA — ‘NO DATA’ is displayed when no data is being received from the GTX 330. The

pilot should be aware that this status may be a normal mode of operation in a dual transponder installation where the GTX 330 with TIS is not the selected transponder.

• DATA FAIL — ‘DATA FAIL’ is displayed when data is being received from GTX 330, but there

was a failure detected in the data stream. The pilot should see the installer for corrective action.

• FAILED — ‘FAILED’ is displayed when the GTX 330 has indicated it has failed. The pilot

should see the installer for corrective action.

Section 2

Controls and Display

Trafﬁc Age Indication showing “trafﬁc coasting”.

Trafﬁc Page displaying ‘TRFC RMVD’ banner.

Section 2

Trafﬁc Ground Track

Controls and Display

Trafﬁc Target Track Vector.

Trafﬁc ground track is indicated in the 400/500 display by a “target track vector”, a short line displayed

in 45-degree increments, extending in the direction of target movement.

Trafﬁc Warning Window

When the unit is on any page (other than the NAV Trafﬁc Page) and a trafﬁc threat is imminent, the Trafﬁc Warning Window is displayed. The Trafﬁc Warning Window shows a small thumbnail map which can take the user to the Trafﬁc Page by pressing ENT, or go back to the previous page by pressing CLR.

NOTE: The Trafﬁc Warning Window is disabled when the aircraft ground speed is less than



Trafﬁc Page

500 Series unit can also be conﬁgured to display a trafﬁc thumbnail window below the VLOC frequency window. Unlike other forms of trafﬁc, TIS trafﬁc does not require heading data to be valid on the map. The only difference between TIS and other trafﬁc data occurs on the Trafﬁc Page. If heading is available, then the trafﬁc data is compensated and displayed as heading-up. If it’s not available, the Trafﬁc Page is a track-up display. It is labeled on the upper portion of the Trafﬁc Page.

30 knots or when an approach is active.

TIS Trafﬁc data is displayed on two 400/500 Series unit pages, the Trafﬁc Page and the Map Page. The

Trafﬁc Page Display Range

Trafﬁc Warning Window

Various display ranges can be selected for optimal display of TIS trafﬁc information.

To change the display range on the Trafﬁc Page:

1. Press RNG to zoom through the range selections which are: 12/6 nm, 6/2 nm, and 2 nm.

Map Page

Section 2

TIS trafﬁc is displayed on the Map Page in addition to the Trafﬁc Page.

Conﬁguring TIS Trafﬁc Data on the Map Page

To conﬁgure TIS trafﬁc on the Map Page:

1. Turn the small right knob to select the Map Page.

2. Press the

Turn the small right knob to select ‘Setup Map’?

3. The ﬂashing cursor highlights the GROUP ﬁeld. Turn the

4. Turn the large right knob to select the desired Trafﬁc Mode option. Turn the the desired option and press ENT. Repeat the step for Trafﬁc Symbol and Trafﬁc Label.

5. Press

MENU key.

small right knob to select ‘Trafﬁc’ and press ENT.

small right knob to select

CLR to return the Map Page.

The trafﬁc mode selection menu allows the user to choose from the following:

• All trfc - All trafﬁc is displayed on the Map Page.

• TA/PA - Only trafﬁc advisories and proximity advisories are displayed on the Map Page.

• TA only - Only trafﬁc advisories are displayed on the Map Page.

From the Map Page you can display trafﬁc in a thumbnail format in any of the top three (400 Series) or

four (500 Series) data ﬁelds on the right side of the Map Page.

To display Thumbnail Trafﬁc on the Map Page:

1. Turn the small right knob to select the Map Page.

2. Press the

3. Turn the

4. Select one of the top three (400 Series) or four (500 Series) conﬁgurable ﬁelds. Select ‘TRFC’ from the Select Field Type List and press ENT. Note that the thumbnail range defaults to 6 nm and cannot be changed.

MENU key and display the Page Menu.

small right knob to select ‘Change Fields?’ and press ENT.

Controls and Display

The Map Page displaying trafﬁc.

Thumbnail Trafﬁc displayed on the GNS 430. NOTE: The thumbnail will display trafﬁc coasting ‘TRFC CST’ or trafﬁc removed ‘TRFC RMVD’ in the lower right when TIS messages have been missed.

Section 2

Highlighting TIS Trafﬁc Using Map Page Panning

Controls and Display

Displaying trafﬁc range and altitude separation using the Map Panning feature.

Another Map Page feature is panning, which allows you to move the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map scale. When you select the panning function — by pressing the small right knob — a target pointer will ﬂash on the map display. A window also appears at the top of the map display showing the latitude/longitude position of the pointer, plus the bearing and distance to the pointer from your present position.

To activate the panning feature and pan the map display:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the panning target pointer.

2. Turn the

3. Turn the large right knob

4. To cancel the panning function and return to your present position, press the

small right knob to move up (turn clockwise) or down (counterclockwise).

to move right (turn clockwise) or left (counterclockwise).

small right knob.

When the target pointer is placed on trafﬁc, the trafﬁc range and altitude separation are displayed.

Section 3: TIS Operational Procedures

0.5 nm

Intruder Aircraft

+ 500 ft

This area within 34 seconds

- 500 ft

Section 3

Introduction

TIS warns the user with voice and visual trafﬁc advisories whenever it predicts an intruder to be a threat (see sidebar). The user should not start evasive maneuvers using information from the 400/500 display or on a trafﬁc advisory only. The display and advisories are intended only for assistance in visually locating the trafﬁc, due to the lack in resolution and coordination ability. The ﬂight crew should attempt to visually acquire the intruder aircraft and maintain a safe separation in accordance with the regulatory requirements and good operating practice. If the ﬂight crew cannot visually acquire the aircraft, they should contact ATC to obtain any information that may assist concerning the intruder aircraft. Based on the above procedures, minor adjustment to the vertical ﬂight path consistent with air trafﬁc requirements are not considered evasive maneuvers.

Power-Up Test

The TIS interface performs an automatic test during power-up.

• If the system passes the power-up test, the Standby Screen appears on the Trafﬁc Page.

• If the system passes the power-up test and the aircraft is airborne (as determined by system conﬁguration at the time of installation, see your installer for detailed criteria information), trafﬁc is displayable on the Trafﬁc Page in operating mode.

• If the system fails the power-up test, the ‘NO DATA’, ‘DATA FAIL’, or ‘FAILED’ message is displayed. See your installer for corrective action if the ‘DATA FAIL’, or ‘FAILED’ message is displayed. The ‘FAILED’ message indicates the GTX 330 has failed. The ‘DATA FAIL’ message indicates data is being received from the GTX 330 but a failure was detected in the data stream. The ‘NO DATA’ message indicates that data is not being received from the GTX 330.

TIS Operational Procedures

Conditions for Trafﬁc Advisories

The following condition causes TIS to display a Trafﬁc Advisory (TA) on the 400/500 Series unit:

• The intruder aircraft approaches your aircraft on a course that will intercept (deﬁned by a 0.5 nm horizontal radius and a relative altitude of ± 500 ft) your course within 34 seconds.

NOTE: ‘NO DATA’ may be a normal mode of operation in a dual transponder installation



where the GTX 330 with TIS is not the selected transponder.

Section 3

Manual Override

TIS Operational Procedures

‘DATA FAIL’ Message

The ‘NO DATA’ message indicates that data is not being received from the GTX 330.

NOTE

: This may be a normal mode of operation in a dual transponder installation where the GTX 330 with TIS is not the selected transponder.

The user can manually switch between standby (STBY) and operating (OPER) mode of operation to

manually override automatic operation.

To place the display into operating mode from the standby mode (to display TIS trafﬁc):

1. Turn the cursor on and highlight ‘STBY’.

2. Turn the

3. Press ENT to conﬁrm.

small right knob to select ‘OPER?’

To place the display into standby mode from operating mode (to stop displaying TIS trafﬁc):

1. Turn the cursor on and highlight ‘OPER’.

2. Turn the

3. Press

Flight Procedures

small right knob to select ‘STBY?’

ENT to conﬁrm.

Once the aircraft is airborne (determined by system conﬁguration at the time of installation) the system switches from standby mode to operating mode. The 400/500 Series unit displays OPER in the upper right hand corner of the display and begins to display trafﬁc on the Trafﬁc or Map Page.

The TIS Trafﬁc Advisory (TA) should alert the crew to use additional vigilance to identify the intruding aircraft. Any time the trafﬁc symbol becomes a yellow circle or a voice warning is announced, conduct a visual search for the intruder. If successful, maintain visual contact to ensure safe operation. See page 5 for a description of pilot responses to TIS display messages.

After Landing

Once the aircraft is “groundborne” (determined by system conﬁguration at the time of installation) the system switches from operating mode to standby mode. The 400/500 Series unit displays ‘STBY’. As described previously, both the standby and operating modes can be manually overridden by the display controls.

PART TWO:

Section 1

WEATHER DATA LINK INTERFACE

Section 1: Introduction

The Garmin 400/500 Series units provides the display and control interface for the textual and graphical weather data link. For the GDL 49, satellite up-linked textual and graphical weather data is received on a request/reply basis. Transmissions are made using bursts of compressed data at a rate of 4800 bps.

With the addition of software version 4.03 and 5.03, 400/500 Series units can now interface with the GDL 69/69A. Weather data transmissions are streamed directly to the unit from the XM Satellite Radio network. Operational differences are noted between the GDL 69/69A and the GDL 49.

Functions provided by the Weather Data Link system include:

• Request for and display of NEXRAD radar imagery.

• Request for and display of text-based METAR data.

• Request for and display of a compressed form of METAR data that allows icon representations at reporting stations on a moving map indicating visibility, ceiling, etc.

• Position tracking services are provided through periodic position report transmissions from the 400/500 Series unit (available with GDL 49 only).

Weather Products

The following weather products are available for display on the 400/500 Series unit via the

Weather Data Link interface:

Introduction

How it Works:

GDL 49: NEXRAD and METAR data is collected by the National Weather Service and disseminated to Meteorlogix™, a weather information provider. This data is then delivered to a weather server in the Echo Flight Message System. With the weather data on the system, an incoming customer request is ﬁlled, logged, and turned around for delivery to ORBCOMM in less than ﬁve seconds (ORBCOMM is a provider of global messaging services using a constellation of 26 low-Earth orbiting satellites). The message is relayed from the satellites to the GDL 49 aboard the aircraft. Once the GDL 49 receives the message, it is displayed on the 400/500 Series unit.

GDL 69/69A: NEXRAD and METAR data is collected by the National Weather Service and disseminated to WxWorks™, a weather information provider. This data is then delivered to XM Satellite for rebroadcast. Data from two XM satellites is then made immediately available to XM customers. The GDL 69/69A receives streaming weather data, processes the data, then sends it to the 400/500 Series unit for display.

• NEXRAD Data

• Graphical METAR Data

• Text-based METAR Data

• Graphical Temperature/Dewpoint Data

• Graphical Wind Data

XM provides “Weather to the power of X!”, servicing marine, aviation and emergency management needs for real-time weather information”.

Section 2

Section 2: NEXRAD Overview

NEXRAD Overview

CAUTION: NEXRAD weather data is to be used for long-range planning purposes only. Due to inherent delays and relative age of the data that can be experienced, NEXRAD weather data cannot be used for short-range avoidance of weather.

NEXRAD Description

WSR-88D weather surveillance radar or NEXRAD (NEXt generation RADar) is a Doppler radar system that has greatly improved the detection of meteorological events such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. An extensive network of NEXRAD stations provides almost complete radar coverage of the continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii. The range of each NEXRAD is 124 nautical miles.

NEXRAD Abnormalities

There are possible abnormalities regarding displayed NEXRAD images. Some, but not all, of those include:

• Ground Clutter

• Strobes and spurious radar data

• Sun strobes, when the radar antenna points directly at the sun

• Military aircraft deploy metallic dust (chaff) which can cause alterations in radar scans

• Interference from buildings or mountains, which may cause shadows

NEXRAD Limitations

Certain limitations exist regarding the NEXRAD radar displays. Some, but not all, are listed for the user’s awareness:

• NEXRAD base reﬂectivity does not provide sufﬁcient information to determine cloud layers or precipitation characteristics (hail vs. rain, etc).

• NEXRAD base reﬂectivity is sampled at the minimum antenna elevation angle. An individual NEXRAD site cannot depict high altitude storms at close ranges, and has no information about storms directly over the site.

• Depending on the amount and complexity of the weather data being received, the resolution of the displayed NEXRAD data may be as high as 2 km (depending on available system memory).

NEXRAD Intensity

Section 2

Colors are used to identify the different NEXRAD echo intensities (reﬂectivity) measured in dBZ (decibels of Z). “Reﬂectivity” (designated by the letter Z) is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver. The dBZ values increase as returned signal strength increases. Precipitation intensity is displayed on the 400/500 Series units using colors represented by the dBz values listed in Table 2-1.

Display dBZ Rain

GDL 49 GDL 69

(inches/hour)

<-10 .00” .00”

-10 .00” .00”

-5 .00” trace

0 .00” trace - .05”

5 .00” trace - .10”

10 0” – trace .10”

15 .01” .1-.2” Light Light

20 .02” .2-.3” Light Light

25 .05” .3-.5” Light Light – Medium

30 .09” .5-.7” Light – Moderate Moderate

35 .24” .7-1.0” Moderate Heavy

40 .48” 1”+, or sleet Heavy Heavy

45 1.25” 1”+, or sleet Heavy Heavy

50 2.5” sleet Intense

55 5.7” sleet Extreme

60 12.7” Extreme

65 Extreme

70 Large

75 Large

Snow

(inches/hour)

Atmos Cloud Rain Snow Sleet Hail

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Table 2-1 NEXRAD Intensity Colors

Remarks

Very Light

Light

Light Light

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 

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NEXRAD Overview

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The information presented in this Pilot’s Guide regarding NEXRAD is not meant to be comprehensive. The NOAA website contains complete and detailed information regarding NEXRAD weather radar operation and theory. You can visit them at www.noaa.gov.

Section 3

Section 3: NEXRAD Operation

NEXRAD Operation

Data Link Page for GDL 49 (500 Series).

Data Link Page for GDL 69 (400 Series).

Requesting NEXRAD Data

NEXRAD data can be requested from the Data Link Page or the Map Page.

To request NEXRAD data from the Data Link Page:

1. Select the Data Link Page from the AUX Page Group.

2. Press

3. Press ENT. The NEXRAD REQUEST Page (see page 15) is displayed containing the following ﬁelds:

CRSR. ‘NexRAD REQUEST’ is highlighted.

Center — this ﬁeld allows you to specify reference points for the request. Up to ﬁve reference points are available:

• Current Position — Request NEXRAD data from your current position.

• Look Ahead — Request NEXRAD data ahead of (along) your current route.

• From ID — Request NEXRAD data from a speciﬁc waypoint identiﬁer. If ‘From ID’ is selected for the reference point for the request, the ‘WPT’ ﬁeld is displayed. This ﬁeld is used to enter a waypoint identiﬁer as the reference point for the request.

• From Lat/Lon — Request NEXRAD data from a speciﬁc latitude and longitude. This is only selectable when requesting from the map. The ‘Position’ ﬁeld displays the position of the map cursor and cannot be edited.

• From Flight Plan — Request NEXRAD data from one of the waypoints on the active ﬂight plan. This is only selectable when an active ‘Flight Plan’ has been selected. The ‘Flight Plan’ ﬁeld is used to select which waypoint in your active ﬂight plan to use as the reference point for the request.

Radius — This ﬁeld selects a request radius from 50 to 250 nautical miles from the selected position. Position — ‘Current Posn’-Position is current, ‘Look Ahead’-Position is look ahead position, and ‘From

Lat/Lon’-Position is Map Cursor position.

Auto Request (GDL 49 Only) — This ﬁeld is used to set the time interval for the GDL 49 to automatically send a NEXRAD data request. The time options are OFF, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min, 45 min, and 1 hour. When an auto request time is selected, the ﬁrst request will be sent after the speciﬁed time has elapsed from when the ﬁeld was set (as opposed to immediately sending a request).

NOTE: It is recommended that the pilot turn the Auto Request function ‘on’ by setting it to

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‘10 min’ updates. This setting provides best performance for the GDL 49. There is no Auto Request function for GDL 69. Instead, weather data is updated automatically as it becomes available from XM. For NEXRAD, this occurs every ﬁve minutes; for METARs, this occurs every twelve minutes.

Manual Send?(GDL 49) / Request Update? (GDL 69) — This ﬁeld is used to request NEXRAD

Data.

1. Select the desired ﬁeld and enter the appropriate data.

2. Select ‘Manual Send?’ or ‘Auto Request’ and press ENT. The request has been sent. Note that selecting ‘Auto Request’ and pressing ENT will not send the request until after the auto time period.

3. To exit from the NEXRAD Request Page, press

To request NEXRAD data from the Map Page:

1. Select the Map Page.

2. Press

3. Select ‘Request NEXRAD?’ and press

4. Change the request parameters as desired.

5. Highlight ‘Manual Send?’ for the GDL 49, or ‘Request Update?’ for GDL 69, and press ENT. Once the

6. To exit from the NEXRAD Request Page, press

MENU. The Map Page Options Menu is displayed.

ENT. The NEXRAD Request Page is displayed defaulting to the fol-

lowing ﬁelds:

request has been sent, the statement ‘MSG Queued’ is momentarily displayed.

CRSR. The Data Link Page is displayed.

CRSR.

Section 3

NEXRAD Operation

Requesting NEXRAD data from the Map Page.

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NOTE: The pilot may also use the map panning function to request NEXRAD data at a speciﬁc map position. After panning and selecting a position on the map, the pilot can press the MENU key and request the NEXRAD data.

The NEXRAD Request Page. The GDL 49 version shown displays the AUTO REQ ﬁeld.

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