Garmin 40 User Manual
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Owner’s
Manual
&
Reference
TM
GPS40
Personal
TM
Navigator
Introduction
GPS 40
TM
Foreword
Personal Navigator
OWNER’S MANUAL
Software Version 2.0 or above
© 1994 GARMIN INTERNATIONAL
9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying
and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of
GARMIN.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN
reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in
the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such
changes or improvements.
June 1994
Part #190-00063-00 Rev. B
Printed in Taiwan.
GARMIN, GPS 40, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate and MultiTrac8 are all
trademarks of GARMIN Corporation, and may not be used without the
expressed permission of GARMIN Corporation.
i
Introduction
Cautions
CAUTION
The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which
is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to
changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 40 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID
(NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore
become unsafe.
Use the GPS 40 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation,
carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When
in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 40 to all available
navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual
sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.
NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
ii
Introduction
Preface
Preface
Welcome to the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator for recreational use!
The GPS 40 represents GARMIN’s continuing commitment to provide outdoors sports enthusiasts with quality navigation information in a versatile,
accurate and user-friendly design you’ll enjoy for years to come.
To get the most of your new GPS unit, it is important that you take the time
to read through this owner’s manual to understand the operating features of
the GPS 40. The manual is organized into two sections for your convenience:
Section One introduces you to the basic features of the unit and provides a
quick-start orientation to the GPS 40. It has been designed to acquaint you
with the unit and provide a basic working knowledge necessary to use the unit
in typical conditions.
Section Two provides a detailed reference to the advanced features and
operations of the GPS 40 in a topical format. This allows you to concentrate
on a specific topic quickly, without reading through entire sections of text that
you may not need.
Thanks for choosing the GARMIN GPS 40. We hope it will help you get the
most out of your outdoor recreation adventures. If you have any questions
concerning the operation of the GPS 40, contact our Product Support staff at
913-599-1515 or 913-599-2103 (FAX).
iii
Introduction
Capabilities
GPS 40 Capabilities
Designed for easy operation, the GARMIN GPS 40 offers powerful features
that make navigation come alive in the palm of your hand:
Precision Performance
• MultiTrac8TMreceiver tracks and uses up to 8 satellites simultaneously
for fast, accurate positioning
• Differential-Ready— just add the optional GBR 21 beacon receiver for
under 10 meter accuracy
• Dry nitrogen-filled case for all-weather use
• Up to 20 hours of battery life on 4 AA alkaline cells in battery saver mode
Advanced Navigating and Plotting
• 250 alphanumeric waypoints
• List of 9 nearest waypoints
• 20 reversible routes
• MOB mode with bearing and distance to mark
• Moving Map Plotting with scales from 320 to 1/5th statute mile
• Graphic pages for Satellite Status, Position, Plotting and CDI Navigation
• Active graphic display of cardinal heading
Simple, One-Handed Operation
• Efficient 2-speed thumbkey control
• Weighs under 9.5 ounces with batteries
iv
Introduction
Packing List
Before getting started with your new GPS receiver, check to see that your
GARMIN GPS 40 package includes the following items. If you are missing any
parts, please contact your dealer immediately.
Standard Package:
• GPS 40 Receiver
• Carrying Case
• Wrist Strap
• GPS 40 Owner’s Manual
• 4 AA Alkaline Batteries
• Quick Reference Card
• Warranty Registration Card
• VHS Training Tape
Optional Accessories:
• Swivel Mounting Bracket
• Cross-Load Data Cable
• Low-Profile External Antenna
• Cigarette Lighter Adapter
• PC Kit
v
Table
Contents
Table of Contents
SECTION ONE Getting Started
GPS Overview ..........................................................................................................2-3
Basic Definitions ......................................................................................................4-5
Power On/Status and Position ..................................................................................6-7
Marking a Position ......................................................................................................8
Moving Map Basics......................................................................................................9
GOTO and Steering Guidance..............................................................................10-11
Pages and Menus.......................................................................................................12
Time Offset and Power Off...................................................................................12-13
Keypad Usage............................................................................................................14
SECTION TWO Reference
of
Satellite Status Page..............................................................................................15-16
Position Page Options ...............................................................................................17
Creating and Using Waypoints.............................................................................18-24
GOTOs and MOB Mode.......................................................................................25-26
Creating and Using Routes...................................................................................27-32
Moving Map Plotting............................................................................................33-36
Menu Page and Auxiliary Functions.....................................................................37-46
Battery Installation ....................................................................................................47
Appendix A—Glossary..............................................................................................48
Appendix B—Messages ........................................................................................49-50
Appendix C—Time Offset Chart ...............................................................................51
Appendix D—Map Datums..................................................................................52-53
Appendix E—Maintenance and Specifications...........................................................54
Appendix F—Electrical Wiring and Installation ........................................................55
Appendix G—Mounting Bracket/Wrist Strap Installation.....................................56-58
Appendix H—Index.............................................................................................59-60
1
Introduction
GPS Overview
What is GPS?
GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite-based navigation system developed
by the U. S. Department of Defense to provide a consistent, accurate method of
simplifying navigation. Originally designed for military applications, it also provides commercial and recreational users with 24-hour, worldwide navigation cover-
age with accuracy to 15 meters (49 feet).
How Does GPS Work?
GPS navigation uses satellite ranging to determine your position in relation to a
set of satellites orbiting the earth. The GPS constellation is made up of 24 satellites,
which continuously send radio signals containing precise position and time information for each satellite back to earth.
By knowing the position of any 3 or 4 of these satellites and calculating various
time differences between the transmitted signals, your GPS receiver can determine
its present position anywhere on earth. And once you’re under way, your GPS con-
tinuously updates your position and provides speed and track information.
What are the Advantages of GPS Navigation?
For centuries, man has been searching for an accurate method of navigating the
world. From celestial navigating to loran and SatNav, each system has had its prob-
lems with weather, range and reliability.
GPS helps you get more out of your outdoor recreation by providing accurate
position and course information, anywhere in the world, regardless of the weather
or your proximity to physical geographic features. The accuracy and coverage of
GPS navigation can help make any outdoor navigation safer, smarter and more
efficient, wherever you may travel.
2
Introduction
GPS Overview
How Does GPS Work?
1. A constellation of satellites transmit signals to earth, containing precise
position and time information for each satellite.
2. Your GPS unit searches for these signals, and ‘locks on’ to as many as
eight satellite signals for continuous tracking.
3. Once the receiver is
locked onto a set of
signals, it can determine
how far away each satellite
is by measuring the time it
takes to receive each signal. By
knowing the distance and position of
3 or more satellites, the GPS receiver
can then calculate your position by using
a technique called satellite ranging. This
calculation, or triangulation, simply measures your position in reference to a set
of known objects (the GPS satellites).
4. As the GPS receiver tracks satellites, it
will continuously update your position
and provide track and speed information
while you’re moving.
3
Introduction
Basic
Definitions
The GPS 40 is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in
the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be help-
ful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below.
Navigation is the process of traveling from one place to another and knowing
where you are in relation to your desired course.
Position is an exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.
Most recreational navigation is based on the latitude/longitude system.
Meridians of longitude are a set of imaginary circles around the earth that pass
through the north and south poles. Longitude describes position in terms of how
many degrees it is east or west of the Prime Meridian (0º longitude).
Parallels of latitude are another set of imaginary circles that are perpendicular
to the earth’s polar axis. Latitude describes position in terms of how many
degrees it is north or south of the equator (0º latitude).
A waypoint marks an exact position fix so it can be recalled for future use. The
GPS 40 lets you mark waypoints electronically, without physical landmarks.
Bearing is a compass direction to a particular destination (waypoint) from your
present position.
Track is a compass direction representing your course over ground.
4
The diagram below provides a graphic
illustration of some navigation terms and
concepts used in GPS navigation.
A complete glossary appears on page 48.
Introduction
Basic
Definitions
DTK- Desired Track
BRG- Bearing
TRK- Track
5
Getting
Started
Power On
Hold the receiver at a
comfortable height, at
arm’s length from your
body. If you prefer, find
a steady surface to set
the unit on while it
acquires satellites.
The first time you power up your new GPS 40 is
an important step in getting the best possible GPS
performance. The receiver must be given an opportunity to collect satellite almanac data and establish
its present position. This process can take 7 1/2-15
minutes, and is only necessary for first time operation or after memory loss.
Take the GPS 40 outside and find a large, open
area (try a nearby park) that has a clear view of the
sky from horizon to horizon.
Do your best to stay away from buildings or other
⌃
structures that could block the path of signals to
the receiver. GPS signals do not travel through
rocks, mountains, buildings, metal surfaces or
other significant structures.
You’re now ready to power up and discover the
world of GARMIN GPS navigation.
1. Hold the unit so the built-in antenna (the flat area
above the display) is parallel to the ground.
2. Press and hold the Bkey firmly
to turn the unit on.
The Welcome Page will be displayed while the
unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete,
the Welcome Page will be replaced by the Status
Page and the unit will begin acquiring satellite data.
While the GPS 40 is acquiring satellite data, relax
and browse through the rest of the Getting Started
section of the manual. If you’re new to GPS navigation, be sure to review the GPS Overview and Basic
Navigation Terms on pages 2 and 3.
To prevent accidental battery power loss, the
Welcome Page
6
⌃
GPS 40 will automatically shut off 15 minutes after
the last keystroke if the unit is not tracking at least
one satellite and has never acquired a position fix.
The GPS 40’s Status Page provides a visual reference of satellite acquisition and position. As the
receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar
will appear for each satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite number (1-32) underneath each bar.
Getting
Started
Status &
Position
Status
Battery
Indicator
Satellite
Number
Horizontal
Accuracy
Satellite Sky
View
Signal Strength
Indicators
The satellite sky view shows a bird’s eye view of
the position of each satellite relative to the unit’s last
known position. The outer circle represents the
horizon (north up); the inner circle 45º above the
horizon; and the center point directly overhead.
Once sufficient signals have been acquired, the
Status Page will be replaced with the Position Page.
The Position Page shows you where you are, what
direction you’re heading and how fast you are
going. The graphic display at the top of the page
indicates your cardinal heading (only while you’re
moving) with the track and speed indicated below.
The sky view will help you
determine if a satellite signal is being blocked by
buildings, mountains or
other obstructions. As
satellites are locked onto,
the sky view indicators
will change from a
reverse-video highlight
to a standard display.
If you encounter difficulty
acquiring satellite signals,
try facing another direction or walk towards a
clearer view of the horizon.
The graphic compass display is designed to show
⌃
your current track and does not serve as a true
magnetic compass while you’re standing still.
The rest of the page shows your current position
in three dimensions: latitude, longitude and altitude. The GPS 40 uses this basic information to
mark exact positions as waypoints, which help
guide you from one place to another.
Position Page
7
Getting
Started
Marking a
Position
Getting to know your new GPS is as easy as taking a quick stroll around an open outdoor area. To
get the most out of this tutorial, make sure to walk
for at least the time noted for each step. This way,
you’ll reduce the chances of staying within the
receiver’s margin of error. You’ll also get a much
better indication of the unit’s visual guidance and
mapping capabilities.
Once you’ve acquired a position, mark it as a
waypoint for future reference.
1. Press the Mkey to capture and hold your
present position.
The Mark Position Page appears, showing the
captured position and a default 3-digit waypoint
name. Let’s change the default name to something
that’s a little more meaningful.
1. Press theUkey twice to move the field highlight from the ‘save’ field to the name field.
2. Press the Ekey to begin entry of your waypoint name.
3. Press and hold theUkey to scroll through the
alphabet until the letter ‘H’ appears.
4. Press the Rkey once to move the character
highlight to the next character space.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the word ‘HOME’
is displayed.
6. Press Eto complete entry of the name.
7. Press theDkey once to return the field highlight to the ‘save’ field.
8. Press the Ekey to confirm that you want to
save the position as a waypoint named ‘HOME’.
The Mark Position Page will be replaced by the
page displayed prior to pressing theMkey.
8
Now that you’ve marked a position, it’s time to
take off on a brisk walk and put your GPS 40
through its paces.
1. Walk in a straight line for 2-3 minutes at a fast
pace and watch the Position Page. You can time
your distance with the on-screen clock.
Heading
Display
Current
Track
Speed
over
Ground
Position
Coordinates
Getting
Started
Moving Map
Basics
Time of
Day
Altitude
The direction you are moving (your track) and
your speed are displayed on the upper part of the
screen, just below the graphic compass display. The
latitude, longitude and approximate altitude of
your position are continuously displayed in the
center of the screen, with the time of day (in UTC
time, computed from the satellites) displayed below.
Now let’s change the display to the Moving Map
Page and watch the track of our trip:
1. Press the Pkey to change from the Position
Page to the Map Page.
Your current position is shown as the diamond in
the middle of the screen. The dark circle below the
diamond represents the position you created, with
the line between the two showing your track.
1. Now turn 90º to your right and walk at a fast pace
for another 2-3 minutes.
Map Page
The Moving Map’s
default setting is track
up orientation. It can
also be set for north up
or desired track up orientation through the
map setup page.
Notice how the display changes, always keeping
the direction you are moving at the top.
9
Getting
Started
Going to a
Waypoint
Now let’s navigate back to our starting position,
the HOME waypoint.
1. Press the Gkey.
2. The Navigation Page will appear with the waypoint field highlighted.
3. Press the Uor Dkeys to scroll through
the available waypoints until ‘HOME’ is
displayed.
4. Press the Ekey to confirm that you want to
navigate to the displayed waypoint.
The GPS 40 will now guide you ‘HOME’.
As you begin walking again, the Navigation Page
will display nav data and graphic steering guidance. The bearing and distance to waypoint, with
your current track and speed are displayed at the
top of the screen, with your
estimated time enro u t e
(ETE) and velocity made good (VMG, or the rate you
a re closing in on your destination) at the bottom.
10
The moving highway
provides a visual perspective of the distance
and direction to waypoint. The highway will
always move to ‘point’
in the general direction
of your destination, with
the relative distance
indicated by the angle
of the outside lines of
the highway.
Bearing to
Waypoint
Present
Track
Course
Deviation
Scale
Estimated
Time
Enroute
Distance to
Waypoint
Speed
Over
Ground
Graphic
Highway
Velocity
Made Good
As you head towards your destination, the middle section of the screen provides visual guidance
to your waypoint on a moving graphic ‘highway’.
The moving arrow just below the course deviation
scale always points to your selected waypoint
(HOME) relative to the direction you are moving.
Your present position is represented by the dia-
mond in the center of the course deviation scale.
Getting
Started
Steering
Guidance
Destination
Waypoint
Position
Indicator
Pointer to Waypoint
Desired
Track Line
Horizontal
Finish Line
The line down the middle of the highway represents your desired track. As you navigate toward a
waypoint, the highway will actually move, indicating the direction you’re off course, relative to the
position diamond on the CDI scale. To keep your
vessel on the desired course, simply steer toward
the center of the highway.
If you do get off the desired course by more
than 1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact distance you are off course will be displayed where
the CDI scale setting normally appears (see the
example at right). As you approach a waypoint, a
horizontal ‘finish line’ will move toward the bottom of the highway. When the finish line reaches
the CDI scale, you’ve arrived at your destination.
Whenever the GPS 40 has something it needs to
tell you, a message indicator box will flash on
screen. When you are less than one minute from
reaching your HOME waypoint, the message box
will begin flashing.
1. To view a message, press the Pkey when
the message indicator appears.
2. Press Pto return to the previous page.
In this example, you are
off the desired course to
the right by 0.19 miles.
To get back on course.
steer left to center the
position diamond on
the highway.
This example shows
you are off the desired
course to the left by 0.08
miles. To get back on
course. steer right to
center the position diamond on the highway.
11
Getting
Started
Page Sequence
and Menus
Use the Page and Quit keys to continuously scroll through the main pages in either direction.
Now that you’ve arrived ‘HOME’, scroll
through the main pages of the GPS 40.
1. Press the Pkey to scroll through the five
main pages in sequence.
2. Press the Qkey to scroll through pages in
the opposite direction.
The Menu Page allows you to view waypoint or
route information and customize various functions
of the GPS 40. To get a feel of how the Menu Page
works, let’s set the time of day for your location.
12
1. Press the Por Qkey until the Position
Page appears. Note the longitude of your current position (the bottom position value).
2. Press the Por Qkey until the Menu Page
is displayed.
3. Press the Uor Dkey until ‘operation setup’
is highlighted.
4. Press the Ekey.
5 Press Duntil the offset value is highlighted.
6. Press the Ekey.
Refer to the appendix C for the appropriate
UTC offset for your longitude. Remember to add
1 hour if you are in Daylight Savings Time.
Once you’ve found the appropriate time offset,
enter it in the offset field.
To enter the time offset:
1. If you are entering a negative offset, press
the Lkey to move the character highlight to the
+/- field. Press Uto select a negative offset.
2. Press the Rkey to move to each character position, and use the Uor Dkeys to enter an offset value in each position.
3. Press the Ekey to confirm your time offset.
4. Press the Pkey to return to the Menu Page.
Because time zone boundaries do not follow exact
⌃
meridians of longitude, there may be some
instances where the offset indicated does not
result in the correct time for your position. Simply
add or subtract the difference from the offset for
the correct time.
Getting
Started
Time Offset
and Power Off
You’ve now gone through the basic operation
of your new GPS and probably know a little
more than you think about how it works. We
encourage you to experiment with the GPS 40
until it becomes an extension of your own
navigation skills.
If you encounter any problems using the unit
or want to take advantage of the GPS 40’s
advanced features, refer to the reference section.
To turn the GPS 40 off:
1. Press and hold the Bkey for 3 seconds.
Thank you for choosing the GPS 40. We hope it
will be a valuable tool for you wherever you travel.
If you’re storing your GPS for an extended period
⌃
of time, put in a fresh set of alkaline or lithium batteries. Storing the unit with Ni-Cad batteries may
result in data loss due to the self-discharge characteristics of Ni-Cad batteries.
The power off countdown appears right on
screen while you hold
the power button. This
countdown helps prevent accidental shutoff
and loss of data.
13
Getting
Started
Keypad Usage
The GPS 40’s two-speed thumbkey allows convenient, one-handed entry of
information. Press on a particular arrow key once to scroll through data
options slowly, press and hold an arrow key for faster scrolling.
U D
L R
G
B
Q
P
M
E
• Use the up and down arrow keys to select alphanumerical characters and
menu choices and to move the field highlight from field to field.
• Use the left and right arrow keys to move the selected character field and
to move the field highlight from field to field.
The GOTO key changes the display to the Navigation Page with the waypoint field highlighted. Pressing GOTO twice activates the MOB mode.
The POWER key turns the unit on and off and activates screen backlighting.
To turn the unit off, press and hold the POWER key for 3 seconds.
The QUIT key returns you to a previous page, or clears data entry, restoring
a data field’s previous value.
The PAGE key scrolls through main data pages in sequence and returns the
display from a submenu page to the previous page viewed. It also displays
the message screen when a message alert appears.
The MARK key captures a position and displays the Mark Position Page.
The ENTER key confirms data entry and on-screen responses. The ENTER
key also activates highlighted fields to allow data entry.
14
Reference
Status
Battery
Indicator
Signal
Strength
Indicators
Satellite Numbers (1-32)
Horizontal
Accuracy
Satellite Sky
View
Satellite Not
Currently
Tracked
The GPS 40 Status Page displays the status of
various receiver functions. The status information
will help you understand what the GPS is doing at
any given time.
The sky view and signal strength bars give you
an indication of what satellites are visible to the
receiver, whether or not they are being tracked,
and the signal quality. When a satellite is visible
but not being tracked, the signal strength bar will
remain blank and the sky view indicator will
remain highlighted in reverse video.
If you are losing coverage or having trouble
⌃
acquiring a position, use the sky view and signal
strength bars to guide you towards a better location for GPS reception. If you have lost coverage
and the unit has trouble reacquiring satellites, try
shutting the unit off momentarily to reset the unit.
Receiver status is indicated at the top left of
the screen, with the current horizontal accuracy
(in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will
show one of the following conditions:
Acquiring Satellites is the first status you’ll see
in normal operation. The GPS 40 is looking for
satellites to track based on its last known p o s i t i o n .
Satellite
Status Page
The satellite sky view
shows a bird’s eye view
of the position of each
satellite relative to the
receiver’s last known
position.
The outer circle represents the horizon (north
up); the inner circle 45º
above the horizon; and
the center point a posi-
tion directly over your
head. Use the sky view
to help determine if
there are obstructions
shading your reception
of satellite signals.
15
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