(Switchable between push-pull and single-end functions)
MB3759
DESCRIPTION
■■■■
The MB3759 is a control IC for constant-frequency pulse width modulated switching regulators.
The IC contains most of the functions required for switching regulator control circuits. This reduces both the
component count and assembly work.
FEATURES
■■■■
• Drives a 200 mA load
• Can be set to push-pull or single-end operation
• Prevents double pulses
• Adjustable dead-time
• Error amplifier has wide common phase input range
• Built in a circuit to prevent misoperation due to low power supply voltage.
• Built in an internal 5 V reference voltage with superior voltage reduction characteristics
PACKAGES
■■■■
16-pin plastic DIP
16-pin ceramic DIP
16-pin plastic SOP
(DIP-16P-M04)(DIP-16C-C01)(FPT-16P-M06)
MB3759
PIN ASSIGNMENT
■■■■
(TOP VIEW)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
■■■■
+IN1
−IN1
FB
DT
C
RT
GND
C
1
2
3
4
5
T
6
7
8
1
(
DIP-16P-M04)
(
DIP-16C-C01)
(
FPT-16P-M06)
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
+IN2
−IN2
V
REF
OC
VCC
C2
E2
9
E1
Output
control
OC
13
Dead time
control
RT
C
DT
+
IN1
−IN1
+
IN2
−IN2
6
5
T
=
0.2 V
4
OSC
Q
T
Q
Error amp.1
1
2
16
15
+
A1
−
+
A2
−
PMW comparator
Reference
regurator
11
10
12
14
8
1
C
9
E1
C2
E2
VCC
VREF
GND
7
Error amp.2
3
Feed back
FB
2
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
■■■■
MB3759
ParameterSymbol
Power supply voltageV
Collector output voltageV
Collector output current I
Amplifier input voltageV
Note: Values are for standard derating conditions. Give consideration to the ambient temperature and power con-
sumption if using a high supply voltage.
WARNING: The recommended operating conditions are required in order to ensure the normal operation of the
semiconductor device. All of the device’s electrical characteristics are warranted when the device is
operated within these ranges.
Always use semiconductor devices within their recommended operating condition ranges. Operation
outside these ranges may adversely affect reliability and could result in device failure.
No warranty is made with respect to uses, operating conditions, or combinations not represented on
the data sheet. Users considering application outside the listed conditions are advised to contact their
FUJITSU representatives beforehand.
Switching regulators can achieve a high le vel of efficiency . This section describes the basic principles of operation
using a chopper regulator as an example.
As shown in the diagram, diode D provides a current path for the current through inductance L when Q is off.
Transistor Q performs switching and is operated at a frequency that provides a stable output. As the switching
element is saturated when Q is on and cutoff when Q is off, the losses in the switching element are much less
than for a series regulator in which the pass transistor is always in the active state.
While Q is conducting, the input voltage V
L is supplied to the load via diode D. The LC circuit smooths the input to supply the output voltage.
IN is supplied to the LC circuit and when Q is off, the energ y stored in
The output voltage V
VO =
O is given by the following equation.
Ton
Ton + Toff
V
V
IN
IN =
Ton
Q
IN
V
T
Q : ON
D
L
Q : OFF
RL
VO
C
Q: Switching element
D: Flywheel diode
As indicated by the equation, variation in the input voltage is compensated f or b y controlling the duty cycle (Ton/
T). If V
IN drops, the control circuit operates to increase the duty cycle so as to keep the output v oltage constant.
The current through L flows from the input to the output when Q is on and through D when Q is off. Accordingly,
the average input current I
IN is the product of the output current and the duty cycle for Q.
Ton
O
IIN =
I
T
The theoretical conversion efficiency if the switching loss in Q and loss in D are ignored is as follows.
PO
η =
=
=
=
× 100 (%)
PIN
VO·IO
VIN·IIN
V
VIN·IO·Ton / T
100 (%)
·
IN
IO·Ton / T
× 100
× 100
The theoretical conversion efficiency is 100%. In practice , losses occur in the s witching element and elsewhere,
and design decisions to minimize these losses include making the switching frequency as low as practical and
setting an optimum ratio of input to output voltage.
11
MB3759
SWITCHING ELEMENT
■■■■
1.Selection of the Switching Transistor
It can be said that the success or otherwise of a switching regulator is determined by the choice of switching
transistor. Typically, the following parameters are considered in selecting a transistor.
• Withstand voltage
• Current
•Power
• Speed
For the withstand voltage , current, and power, it is necessary to determine that the area of safe oper ation (ASO)
of the intended transistor covers the intended range for these parameters.
The speed (switching speed: rise time tr, storage time tstg, and fall time tf) is related to the efficiency and also
influences the power.
The figures show the transistor load curve and V
The chopper regulator is a relatively easy circuit to deal with as the diode clamps the collector. A peak can be
seen immediately after turn-on. However, this is due to the diode and is explained later.
In an inverter regulator, the diodes on the secondary side act as a clamp . Viewed from the primary side, howev er ,
a leakage inductance is present. This results in an inductive spike which must be tak en account of as it is added
to double the V
IN voltage.
chopper regulator
CE - IC waveforms for chopper and inverter-type regulators.
inverter regulator
IC
IN
VCE
Q
C
I
VCE
L
D
on
off
V
IN
Ton
O
V
C
VCE
t
IN
2 VIN
VIN
D1
L
O
V
C
D2
IC
on
off
V
IN
V
CE
Ton
2 VIN
VCE
t
12
C
I
Ton
t
C
I
Ton
t
MB3759
The figure below shows an e xample of the ASO characteristics for a forward-biased po wer transistor (2SC3058A)
suitable for switching.
Check that the ASO characteristics for the transistor you intend to use fully covers the load curve. Next, check
whether the following conditions are satisfied. If so, the transistor can be expected to perform the switching
operation safely.
• The intended ON time does not exceed the ON-time specified for the ASO characteristic.
• The OFF-time ASO characteristic satisfies the intended operation conditions.
• Derating for the junction temperature has been taken into account.
For a s witching transistor , the junction temperature is closely related to the s witching speed. This is because the
switching speed becomes slower as the temperature increases and this affects the switching losses.
Forward-biased area of safe operation single pulse
2SC3058A (450 V, 30 A)
TC = +25˚C
IC(Pulse) max.
50
ICmax.
20
10
5
D.C.
Single pulse
Pw = 500 µs
10 ms
1 ms
2
1
0.5
Collector current IC (A)
0.2
0.1
0.05
510 2050 100 200500 1000
Collector - emitter voltage VCE (V)
2.Selecting the Diode
Consideration must be given to the s witching speed when selecting the diode. For chopper regulators in particular,
the diode affects the efficiency and noise characteristics and has a big influence on the perfor mance of the
switching regulator.
If the reverse recovery time of the diode is slower than the turn-on time of the transistor, an in-rush current of
more than twice the load current occurs resulting in noise (spikes) and reduced efficiency.
As a rule for diode selection, use a diode with a rev erse recovery time t
t
r.
rr that is sufficiently faster than the transistor
13
MB3759
APPLICATION IN PRACTICAL CIRCUITS
■■■■
1. Error Amplifier Gain Adjustment
Take care that the bias current does not become large when connecting an external circuit to the FB pin (pin 3)
for adjusting the amplifier gain. As the FB pin is biased to the low level by a sink current, the duty cycle of the
output signal will be affected if the current from the external circuit is greater than the amplifier can sink.
The figure below shows a suitable circuit for adjusting the gain.
It is very important that you avoid having a capacitive load connected to the output stage as this will affect the
response time.
OUT
R1
+
REF
V
RIN
R2
−
R
F
Vo
2. Synchronized Oscillator Operation
The oscillator can be halted by connecting the C
internal oscillator and input to the C
T pin.
T pin to the GND pin. If supplying the signal externally, halt the
Using this method, multiple ICs can be used together in synchronized operation. For synchronized operation,
set one IC as the master and connect the other ICs as shown in the diagram.
Master
RTCTVREF RTCT
Slave
14
3. Soft Start
A soft start function can be incorporated by using the dead-time control element.
VREFVREF
R1
R2
D =
V
R1+R2
DTDT
V
Cd
R
MB3759
R2
Rd
Setting the dead-timeIncorporating soft start
When the power is turned on, Cd is not yet charged and the DT input is pulled to the V
REF pin causing the output
transistor to turn off. Next, the input v oltage to the DT pin drops in accordance with the Cd, Rd constant causing
the output pulse width to increase steadily, providing stable control circuit operation.
If you wish to use both dead-time and softstart, combine these in an OR configuration.
REF
V
Cd
RdR2
R1
DT
4. Output Current Limiting (Fallback system using a detection resistor inserted on the output side)
(1) Typical example
VIO
+
−
R3
VREF
O
IO
S
R
R1
D
R5
R2R4
VO
GND
V
VO1
0
0I
L3 IL2
IL1
IO
15
MB3759
• Initial limit current IL1
R3 + R4
RSIL1 =
∴IL1 =
R1
R4
V
REF
R1
R1 + R2
R1 + R2R1RS
O + VEE) −( R2 >> R1 )
( V
L2
The condition for VO is:
O –VIO
V
VO
VIO
–
RS
L is to be limited to ±10 %, using equation (1) and only considering the variation
VIO
RS
Eq. (1) (where R2 >> R1)
VO >
As the diode is reverse biased
V
IO is the input offset voltage to the op-amp (-10 mV ≤ VIO≤ +10 mV) and this causes the variation in IL. Accordingly ,
if for example the variation in I
in the offset voltage gives the following:
1
IO =
RS
R1 + R2
This indicates a setting of 100 mV or more is required.
• Polarity change point I
As this is the point where the diode becomes forward biased, it can be calculated by substituting [R4/(R3+R4)
V
REF - VD] for VO in equation (where VD is the forward voltage of the diode).
R1
IL2 =
R1+R2
• Final limit current I
R4/(R3+R4) · VREF –VD
RS
L3
–
VIO
RS
The limit current for VO = 0 when R2 >> R1 is the point where the voltages on either side of RS and on either
side of R5 are biased.
RSIL3 =
∴IL3 =
R4R5 V
RS
REF −R3R5VD −R4R5VD
R3R4+R3R5+R4R5
1
1+(R3 //R4)/R5
1
R4
(
R3+R4
− VIO
REF −VD
V
)−
VIO
RS
(2)
Eq.
R3//R4 is the resistance formed by R3 and R4 in parallel (R3R4/(R3 + R4)). When R3//R4 << R5, equation (2)
becomes:
IL3 C =
RS
(
R3+R4
REF –VD
V
1
R4
In addition to determining the limit current I
VIO
) –
RS
L3 for VO = 0, R3, R4, R5, and diode D also operate as a starter when
the power is turned on.
• Starter circuit
The figure below shows the case when the starter circuit formed by R3, R4, R5, and D is not present. The output
current I
O after the operation of the current limiting circuit is:
16
VIO
−
RS
When V
IO =
R1+R2R1RS
O = 0 such as when the power is turned on, the output current IO = -VI O / RS and, if the offset voltage VIO
VO
is positive, the output current is limited to being negative and therefore the output voltage does not rise.
Accordingly, if using a fallback system with a detection resistor inserted in the output, always include a starter
circuit, expect in the cases described later.
IO
RS
R1
+
V
IO
−
R2
(2) Example that does not use a diode
VO
GND
VO
MB3759
O
V
VIO >0VIO < 0
0
IL1
IO
VREF
R3
VIO
+
−
The output current I
1
IO =
RS
R1
R2
O after current limiting is:
R1
[(
R1+R2
O
I
RS
R4
–V
R3+R4
R4
) V
VO
GND
O +
R4
R3+R4
In this case, a current flows into the ref erence voltage source via R3 and R4 if V
VO
O
V
0
0
REF – VIO
] (R2 >> R1)
R1
R1+R2
R4
>
R3+R4
IL1
O > VREF. To maintain the stability
of the reference voltage, design the circuit such that this does not exceed 200 µA.
R1
R1+R2
<
R4
R3+R4
I
O
17
MB3759
VO
t
VO
0
0
I
L5I L1
(3) When an external stabilized negative power supply is presen
IO
RS
R1
VIO
+
−
R2
VO
−VEE
*
VO
The output current IO after current limiting is:
IO =
R1
RS1R1+R2
O +VEE)
(V
If the output is momentarily shorted, V
–
VIO
(R2>>R1)
RS
O* goes briefly negative. In this case, set the voltage across R1 to
300 mV or less to ensure that a voltage of less than -0.3 V is not applied to the op-amp input.
IO
18
5. Example Power Supply Voltage Supply Circuit
(1) Supplied via a Zener diode
MB3759
VIN
R
C
VZ
VCC = VZ
VCC
MB3759
(2) Supplied via a three-terminal regulator
AC
Three-terminal
regulator
VIN
V
CC
MB3759
VZ
V
CC
MB3759
CC = VIN− VZ
V
6. Example Protection Circuit for Output Transistor
Due to its monolithic IC characteristics, applying a negative voltage greater than the diode voltage ( := 0.5 V) to
the substrate (pin 7) of the MB3759 causes a parasitic effect in the IC which can result in misoperation.
Accordingly, the following measures are required if driving a transfor mer or similar directly from the output
transistor of the IC.
(1) Protect the output transistor from the parasitic effect by using a Schottky barrier diode.
8
9
11
SBD
10
19
MB3759
(2) Provide a bias at the anode-side of the diode to clamp the low level side of the transistor.
8
(3) Drive the transformer via a buffer transistor.
8
9
11
1.2 kΩ
14
7.5 kΩ
= 0.7 V
0.1 µF
VCC
20
7. Typical Application
(1)Chopper regulator
AC 100 V
1 Ω
MB3759
+
15 V
+
+
10 kΩ
16 kΩ
5.1 kΩ
0.22 µF
10 µF
+
47 k
5.1 k
Ω
Ω
10 kΩ
100 kΩ
2.2 kΩ
5 k
Ω
5.6 k
300 Ω
24 V
50 Ω
2 kΩ
CC
V
1
GND
E
C1
C2
E2
RT
CT
OC
20 kΩ
2200 pF
FB
−IN1
+IN1
REF
V
Ω
−IN2
+IN2
DT
1 mH
+
0.1 Ω
2.5 A
2200 µF
21
MB3759
(2) Inverter regulator
AC 100 V
+
33 Ω
100Ω
+
15 V
+
A
24 V
2.5 A
+
2200 µF
10 kΩ
16 kΩ
5.1 kΩ
100Ω
33 Ω
A
CC
FB
−IN1
+IN1
REF
V
−IN2
+IN2
DT
V
GND
E1
C1
C2
E2
RT
C
OC
T
20 kΩ
2200 pF
REF
+
10 µF
0.22 µF
47 k
Ω
5.1 k
Ω
10 kΩ
100 k
2.2 kΩ
5 k
Ω
Ω
5.6 kΩ
300 Ω
0.1 Ω
B
22
B
ORDERING INFORMATION
■■■■
Part numberPackageRemarks
MB3759P
MB3759C
MB3759PF
MB3759
16-pin plastic DIP
(DIP-16P-M04)
16-pin ceramic DIP
(DIP-16C-C01)
16-pin plastic SOP
(FPT-16P-M06)
23
MB3759
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
■■■■
16-pin plastic DIP
(DIP-16P-M04)
19.55
.770
+.008
–.012
+0.20
–0.30
INDEX-1
INDEX-2
4.36(.172)MAX
3.00(.118)MIN
+0.30
0.99
–0
+.012
–0
1.27(.050)
MAX
C
1994 FUJITSU LIMITED D16033S-2C-3
.039
1.52
.060 –0
2.54(.100)
TYP
+0.30
–0
+.012
6.20±0.25
(.244±.010)
0.51(.020)MIN
0.46±0.08
(.018±.003)
0.25±0.05
(.010±.002)
7.62(.300)
TYP
15°MAX
Dimensions in mm (inches)
(Continued)
24
(Continued)
16-pin ceramic DIP
(DIP-16C-C01)
19.30
.760
+0.71
–0.15
+.028
–.006
MB3759
R0.64(.025)
REF
5.08(.200)MAX
3.40±0.36
(.134±.014)
+0.05
1.52
–0.10
+.002
.060
–.004
2.54±0.25
(.100±.010)
1.27(.050)
MAX
C
1994 FUJITSU LIMITED D16011SC-2-3
17.78(.700)REF
0.81(.032)
TYP
6.30
.248
0.46
.018
+0.30
–0.10
+.012
–.004
0.81±0.30
(.032±.012)
+0.13
–0.08
+.005
–.003
0.25
.010
+0.10
–0.05
+.004
–.002
+0.36
7.90
–0.15
+.014
.311
–.006
0°
7.62(.300)
TYP
15°
Dimensions in mm (inches)
(Continued)
25
MB3759
(Continued)
16-pin plastic SOP
(FPT-16P-M06)
10.15
+0.25
–0.20
.400
+.010
–.008
"B"
(.209±.012) (.307±.016)
7.80±0.405.30±0.30
2.25(.089)MAX
(Mounting height)
0.05(.002)MIN
(STAND OFF)
6.80INDEX
.268
+0.40
–0.20
+.016
–.008
1.27(.050)
TYP
"A"
C
2000 FUJITSU LIMITED F16015S-2C-5
0.45±0.10
(.018±.004)
0.10(.004)
8.89(.350)REF
Ø0.13(.005)
+0.05
–0.02
M
Details of "A" part
0.40(.016)
0.20(.008)
0.18(.007)MAX
0.68(.027)MAX
0.15
+.002
.006
–.001
Details of "B" part
0.50±0.20
(.020±.008)
0.15(.006)
0.20(.008)
0.18(.007)MAX
0.68(.027)MAX
Dimensions in mm (inches)
26
MB3759
FUJITSU LIMITED
For further information please contact:
Japan
FUJITSU LIMITED
Corporate Global Business Support Division
Electronic Devices
KAWASAKI PLANT, 4-1-1, Kamikodanaka,
Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi,
Kanagawa 211-8588, Japan
Tel: +81-44-754-3763
Fax: +81-44-754-3329
http://www.fujitsu.co.jp/
North and South America
FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS, INC.
3545 North First Street,
San Jose, CA 95134-1804, U.S.A.
Tel: +1-408-922-9000
Fax: +1-408-922-9179
FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS ASIA PTE. LTD.
#05-08, 151 Lorong Chuan,
New Tech Park,
Singapore 556741
Tel: +65-281-0770
Fax: +65-281-0220
http://www.fmap.com.sg/
Korea
FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS K OREA LTD.
1702 KOSMO TOWER, 1002 Daechi-Dong,
Kangnam-Gu,Seoul 135-280
Korea
Tel: +82-2-3484-7100
Fax: +82-2-3484-7111
All Rights Reserved.
The contents of this document are subject to change without notice.
Customers are advised to consult with FUJITSU sales
representatives before ordering.
The information and circuit diagrams in this document are
presented as examples of semiconductor device applications, and
are not intended to be incorporated in devices for actual use. Also,
FUJITSU is unable to assume responsibility for infringement of
any patent rights or other rights of third parties arising from the use
of this information or circuit diagrams.
The contents of this document may not be reproduced or copied
without the permission of FUJITSU LIMITED.
FUJITSU semiconductor devices are intended for use in standard
applications (computers, office automation and other office
equipments, industrial, communications, and measurement
equipments, personal or household devices, etc.).
CAUTION:
Customers considering the use of our products in special
applications where failure or abnormal operation may directly
affect human lives or cause physical injury or property damage, or
where extremely high levels of reliability are demanded (such as
aerospace systems, atomic energy controls, sea floor repeaters,
vehicle operating controls, medical devices for life support, etc.)
are requested to consult with FUJITSU sales representatives before
such use. The company will not be responsible for damages arising
from such use without prior approval.
Any semiconductor devices have inherently a certain rate of failure.
You must protect against injury, damage or loss from such failures
by incorporating safety design measures into your facility and
equipment such as redundancy, fire protection, and prevention of
over-current levels and other abnormal operating conditions.
If any products described in this document represent goods or
technologies subject to certain restrictions on export under the
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law of Japan, the
prior authorization by Japanese government should be required for
export of those products from Japan.
F0006
FUJITSU LIMITED Printed in Japan
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