Franklin ACE2000, ACE2100, ACE2200 User's Reference Manual

Frankl:n

Computer

ACE

2000

USER'S

SERIES

COMPUTER

REFERENCE

MANUAL

Franklin Route Pennsauken, (609)

This manual

Computer

73

and

488

0666

is

Corporation

Haddonfield

NJ 08110

Franklin

Part

Road

Number

MN 07852000

Route

73

and

Pennsauken,

1985

by

Franklin

Haddonfield Road

NJ

08110

Computer

Corporation

Corporate Headquarters (609) Technical Support Sales Department

(609)

488-0666 488-5454 488-0600

This manual is copyrighted by Franklin document

reduced to Computer

Copyrights to all Franklin FRANKLIN trademarks of Franklin

The Apple, Apple II, Epson, Graftrax, Okidata,

C.

Star Micronics Gemini,

following

Itoh,

owned

may not,

any

in

whole

or

part,

machine readable form

Corporation.

DOS 2 programs are held

COMPUTER CORPORATION

Computer

trad

Oki-Plot,

by

emarks, Appl owned

owned

C. Itoh Electronics, Inc.

owned

e lie, Applesoft,

by

Epson America, Inc.

by

Okidata, Inc.

owned

by

Corporation. All rights are reserved.

by

Star Micronics, Inc.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Franklin development

Computer

of the ACE

Corporation acknowledges the assistance of

2000

Series:

Computer

Corporation. All rights are reserved. This

be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated

without

the

and

prior consent, in writing, from Franklin

by

Franklin

®,

FRANKLIN ACE®,

indicated parties, are

ProDOS,

owned

Computer

and

FRANKLIN DOS 2 are

used

in this

by

Apple Computer, Inc.

the

following in

Corporation.

manual

:

the

or

Kurt A. Goszyk, Sy

stem

David M. McWherter,

0.

David

Tolman, Publications

ii

and

Hardware

Jr.

, Software Design

Design

Table

ll

zzz

Vll

vzu

zx

xz

Of

Contents

Copyright Table List FCC Software License

Hardware

Page

Of

Contents

Of

Illustrations

Statement

Warranty

And

Warranty

Chapter

1-1 Fea 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-8 Setting 1-8 1-9

1-11

1-12 1-14 1-15 1-16 1-18 1-25 1-26 1-26 ACE 2000 Series

2-2

2-3 Shift Keys

2-4 2-6 2-7 Default Function Key Definitions 2-8

2-9 2-9

How

Getting

Other

Connecting

Chapter

Typewriter Funct

Command

Function

Numeric

1-Getting

tures Of

To Use This Manual

Other

Connecting Connecting Turning Turning

Front OPTION

Connecting Connecting A RGB

Numeric Numeric

Manuals

Acquainted

Up

The

ACE 2000 Series

Panel

2-

The

Keys

Keypad

Started

The

ACE 2000 Series

And With The ACE 2000 Series

ACE 2000 Series

The The

On

The

On

The

Indicator Lights

SWITCH Settings

Peripheral Devices

A 16 Pin Joystick Cable

Computer

Keyboard

ions

Operation

Mode

Commands

Keypad

Sources

Keyboard Video

Monitor Compu Computer

Of

Editing Comm

ter

Computer

Video

Monitor

Peripheral

The

Keyboard

Computer

Of

Computer

With Disk Drives

Features

Information

Computer

Expansion

ands

Chassis

lJl

Chapter

3--Franklin DOS 2 (Disk Operating System)

3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-6

Buying Franklin DOS 2 Application Programs Disk Drives For Your

Diskettes For Your

Computer

Computer ACE 2000 Franklin DOS 2 System Diskette Making Backup Copies

Of

3-7 Two Disk Drive Systems 3-8 3-10 Catalog 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-16 Starting Franklin

One

Disk Drive Systems

Of

35

And

40

Track Diskette Formats Diskette File Slots, Drives,

A Diskette

Names

And

Volumes

DOS 2

3-17 Making Bootable Diskettes

3-18

. 3-20

4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-3 4-4 4-4

4-5

4-5 4-6 4-7

4-7 4-9 4-11 4-12 4-13 4-13 4-13 4-13 4-14 4-15 4-15 4-15

The INIT The

Chapter 4--Franklin DOS 2 Commands

Franklin DOS 2

RUN CATALOG LOCK REN DEL INIT COPY

Command

Franklin DOS 2 COPY

Commands

And

BRUN

Commands

Command

And

UNLOCK Commands

And

RENAME Commands

And

DELETE Commands

Command

Franklin DOS 2 Utility Programs

The Franklin DOS 2 COPY Program The Franklin DOS 2 ONE FUD-A

General File Management Program

Diskette Management Commands

Selection

F-Format

File Management Commands

Selection

S--Show

Selection 0-Delete Files Selection Selection Selection

Selection

L-Lock

U-Unlock V-Verify C-Copy

BOOT13 P:ogram CHAIN Program VERIFY

Program

DIAGNOSTICS Programs

Your Franklin DOS 2 Diskette

Command

And

Programs

DRIVE

COPY Program

Diskette

The Files

On

The Diskette

Files

iv

Chapter

5-Franklin

BASIC

5-1

Franklin BASIC Programming 5-2 The BASIC Programming Language 5-2 Franklin

BASIC 5-3 Using The Franklin BASIC Programming Language 5-3 Creating A Simple Program 5-7 Some Programming Suggestions

._/

5-8 5-8

6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4

7-1 7-2 7-3 7-5 7-5 7-6 7-7 7-8 7-9 7-9 7-10 7-10 7-11 7-12 7-12 7-15 7-19 7-21

Special ACE

One

Chapter 6--Function Keys

2000

Series Computer Programming Features

Key Editing

Commands

Using The Function Keys Default Function Key Definitions Programming The Function Keys Using A Start Up File

Chapter

7-

The Display

Choosing A Video Display Device Connecting The Monitor Connecting A Television Set Standard Display Features Additional Display Features

Character Sets The Graphics Character Set

Additional Display Techniques

Mixed Text Displays Low Resolution Graphics High

Resolution Graphics

Double High Resolution Graphics Enhanced Video Software Enhanced

Video Software Control Code Esca

pe

Sequence Commands

One

Key Editing Co

Commands

Enhanced Video Software

Commands

mmands

Command

Summary

-........,/

'

8-1

8-2 8-4

8-5

Chapter

Parallel

8--Input

And

Serial Communication

Output

Making The Parallel Connection Making The Serial Connection Input/Output

Commands

In

Franklin DOS 2

v

8-5 8-6 8-7 8-7

Software Control Of

Input

And

Printer Control Commands Printer Software Default Settings Printer Software Commands

Output

9-1

10-1 10-2

10-3

Glossary

Appendix

ASCII Code Chart Alternate Character Set

Index

Vl

List

Of

Illustrations

1-1 1-6 ACE 1-7 ACE 1-9 1-10 Video Cable 1-10 1-11 1-12 Disk

1-13 Disk 1-15 Front 1-17 Back 1-19 Removing 1-20 Removing 1-21 1-22 Main 1-23 Lifting 1-24 Jumper Configuration 1-25 1-26 Main 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-6 Keyboard- Function Keys 2-8 Keyboard- Numeric Keypad

3-5 3-5 7-3 Video Cable 7-4 7-7 Back 7-8 8-2 Printer Cable 8-4

ACE

2200

With Monitor 2200-Front 2000

Series-Back

Keyboard (Game Control) Cable

Power Cable Front

Panel-LEDs Drive-Inserting Drive-Closing

Panel-LEDs

Panel-Option

Computer Computer

ACE

2000

Main

Board-Jumper

Off

Jumper

Main Board- 16 Pin DIP Socket Location

Board-RGB

ACE

2000

General Keyboard Drawing Keyboard-Main Keyboard-Shift Keyboard-Command

Disk

Drive-Inserting

Disk

Drive-Closing

Back

Panel-Option Panel-Option

Alternate Character Set

Back

Panel-Option

View

Panel

And

Connector

And

Connector

And

Diskette

Drive Latch

And

Switch # 1

Case-Step Case-Step

Board-Slot

Location

Connectors

Connector Location

Keypad

Keys

Diskette

Drive Latch

And

Connector

Switch# Switch#

And

Connector

Switch # 2

Disk Drive Lights

And

1 2

Location

3 4

Connector

vii

FCC

Statement

This equipment generates installed

and

used

properly,

turer's instructions,

It

has

been

tion.

type

Class B computing device of Part ·

tion against

is

If

which can

15

of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protec-

such

no

guarantee

this equipment

be

determined

interference

that

does

encouraged to try to correct the interference

and

uses radio frequency energy

that

is, in strict accordance with

may

cause interference to radio

tested

and

found to comply

in

accordance with

in

a residential installation. However, there

interference will

not

occur

cause interference to radio

by

turning the equipment off

the

specifications

in

by

one

following measures:

• Reorient the receiving

• Relocate the

• Move

• Plug the on

are

If

necessary,

computer

the

computer

different branch circuits.

the

user

antenna

with

respect to

the

away from the receiver

into a different outlet so

should consult

the

dealer

receiver

that

or television technician for additional suggestions. The following booklet

prepared

by

the Federal Communications Commission

helpful:

and

if

not

the

manufac-

and

television recep-

with

the limits for a

in

Subpart J

a particular installation.

or

television reception,

and

on,

the_ user

or

more of

computer

an

experienced radio/

user

the

and

may find

receiver

the

,-

is

"How

This booklet is available from Washington, DC

This computing device, peripherals (computer fied to comply O"Reration radio

Joystick (Part

and

to Identify

and

Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems."

the

20402, Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.

equipment

has

been

pursuant

certified to comply

to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules.

input/output

with

the

Class B limits may

with

non-certified peripherals is likely to result in interference to

and

TV

reception. In particular, components Number

JS

200), Franklin Video Cable (Part

Franklin Printer Cable (Part

U.S. Government Printing Office,

WARNING:

devices, terminals, printers, etc.) certi-

Number

comply with Class B interference limits

v_iii

with

the limits for a Class B

be

attached to this computer.

other

than

Number

PTR

2200) are

and may result

not

in

interference.

Only

Franklin

VC 200),

certified to

\..._

FRANKLIN COMPUTER CORPORATION

SOFTWARE

YOU SHOULD READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS COMPUTER PRODUCT. USE OF THE PRODUCT CONSTITUTES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS CONDITIONS. IF YOU PROMPTLY RETURN

This man:.ral copyrighted

transferred,

Franklin grants to

use the software

end

user

one

backup copy only, provided

lin's copyright notice. Unauthorized use, copying, modification,

the

of license. Nothing herein shall prohibit, of that liability

THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED OR WARRANTIES

software

any

product, manual, or software purchased

such

and

IMPLIED, INCLUDING,

ULAR PURPOSE. PERFORMANCE STATES OR LIMITATION LAST

SO WARRANTY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH

END

and

by

Franklin

in

whole

complies

and/or

USER LICENSE

DO

NOT

AGREE WITH THEM, YOU SHOULD

THIS PRODUCT FOR REFUND.

the

software included with this

and

as such

or

in

part, except

the

end

user of this computer

on

one

single

computer

with

the

terms herein,

that

this manual shall automatically terminate this

AND

may

not

as

expressly provided herein.

at

and

such a copy is marked

ho':"ever, the sale or

sale

or

transfer shall be subject to

of

the

limited license expressed herein.

AND

DOCUMENTATION IN THIS MANUAL

"AS

IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS

BUT

NOT

LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED

OF

MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTIC-

THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY

OF

THE SOFTWARE

DO

NOT

ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES

ON

HOW

LONG

THE ABOVE EXCLUSIONS MAY

GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS

IS

AN

IMPLIED WARRANTY MAY

VARY

LIMITED WARRANTY

AND

CONDITIONS

AND

computer

be used, copied, modified,

product

a single location so long

(2)

to copy the software for

by

the

limitations

WITH THE END USER. SOME

NOT

APPLY TO YOU. THIS

FROM STATE

product

the rights

end

user,

on

AND

are

(1)

as

with

Frank-

or

transfer

other

transfer

provided

Franklin's

IS

AND

YOU MAY

TO

STATE.

to

the

or

Franklin warrants

the

physical

med

ia, including diskettes, software is furnished to be free from defects under retail purchase by liability be

normal

and

use

for a period of ninety the

end

the e

nd

user's

limited to the replacement of

returned

to Franklin

or

an

(90)

user as evidenced

exclusive remedy

any

such defective media which is

authorized Franklin dealer.

on

in

materials

days from

by

sales receipt . Franklin

in

connection

and

the

date of original

herewith

which

workma

the

nship

's

shall

ix

IN

NO

EVENT SHALL Fl\ANKLIN DENTAL, OUT OF THE USE, PRODUCTION, OR SALE OF THE SOFTWARE THIS MANUAL UNDER ANY LEGAL THEORY, INCLUDING, BUT LIMITED TO, LOST PROFITS, DOWNTIME, MING OR REPRODUCING ANY PROGRAM MAY

NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN SUCH CASE, FRANKLIN'S LIABILITY SHALL

BE

LIMITED

COMPUTER PRODUCT.

OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER ARISING

NOT

ALLOW THIS FULL LIMITATION

TO

REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THIS

BE

LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCI-

OR

COST OF REPROGRAM-

OR

DATA. SOME STATES

SO

THIS LANGUAGE MAY

OR

NOT

,---

This license is

regard to the software third party.

For information should periodically check

the

about

only

agreement

and

revisions to software described

shall

with

between

not

be modified

your

a~thorized

the

end

user

by

representations of any

Franklin dealer.

in

and

Franklin

this

manual, you

with

-

X

FRANKLIN COMPUTER CORPORATION

HARDWARE LIMITED WARRANTY

Franklin this computer

_)

defects from On tation charges prepaid) either to it

was Franklin concerning

number

retu

number, as well copy of proof of the date of the original retail purchase. Franklin will, repair mination and

This warranty does

._./

product or

ther

o defaced. FRANKLIN SHALL NOT

ANY SERVICE OR MODIFICATION TO THIS PRODUCT PARTY, INCLUDING ANY DEALER,

Computer

in

material

the

date of original retail purchase,

discovery of a defect, the

purchased, to

at

the

th

given below

rned must

the

sales receipt bearing the appropriate Franklin serial

or

replace any

by

Franklin,

that

such defect arose within the duration of this limited warranty.

has

been

as

a result of service

than

Franklin,

Corporation ("Franklin") warrants to the

product

address

e location of authorized Franklin dealers; simply call

include

that

the hardware in this

and

workma

any

given below. (Franklin will provide information

or

write to the address given below.) Each

the

as

a brief description of the

product

in

not

apply if,

damaged

or

if the Franklin serial

nsh

ip for a period of NINETY

end

user

the

authorized Franklin dealer from

other authorized Franklin dealer, or directly

end

user's

at

rio further charge to

its sole discretion, that the product

in

the sole discretion of Franklin,

by accident, abuse, misuse,

modification

BE

product

as

evidenced

must

return this

name, address,

natur

e of the defect

by

any party, including

numb

er

RESPONSIB

OTHER THAN FRANKLIN.

LE

end

user

will

be

free from

(90)

DAYS

by

sales receipt.

product

and

the

end

or

has

been

IN ANY WAY FOR

(transpor-

whom

to

the

product

telephone

and

a

number

at

its

option

user

on

deter-

was

defective

the

misapplication,

any

dealer,

removed

BY

ANY

of

as

,

or

This warranty applies only to hardware products manufactured

that

can

be

Franklin software is such software ware are gove

ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, SHALL

EXPRESS

._,

DAYS FROM THE DATE OF ORIGINAL

warranted

rn

BE

STRICTLY LIMITED IN DURATION TO THAT OF THE

WARRANTY

identified

only

by

which all rights

ed.

SET

by a proper

pursuant

and

FORTH ABOVE, THAT IS, NINETY

Franklin serial number. Franklin

to

that

separate writing packaged with

duties

in

connection with

RETAIL

PURCHASE.

by

such

(90)

or

for

soft-

xi

THE WARRANTY EXCLUSIVE REMEDY CONNECTION WITH THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, OR USE PRODUCT OR REMEDIES, WRITTEN FRANKLIN DEALER, AGENT, MAKE ANY ADDITIONAL WARRANTY ANY

AND

MODIFICATION OR EXTENSION OF THIS EXPRESS WARRANTY.

AND

REMEDY SET FORTH ABOVE ARE THE

OF THE RETAIL

ARE

IN

LIEU

OF

ANY

OR

ORAL, EXPRESS

OR

EMPLOYEE

BUYER

AND

END USER

ALL OTHER WARRANTIES

OR

IMPLIED.

IS

AUTHORIZED

IN

THIS REGARD

OR

OF

NO

IN

THIS

TO

MAKE

FRANKLIN SHALL OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE BREACH ANY EXPRESS THE MANUFACTURE, SALE,

LEGAL THEORY, LIMITED TO, LOST PROFITS, DAMAGES

FOR PERSONAL INJURY (BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED

LAW), DOWNTIME, GOODWILL, REPROGRAMMING UNLESS OTHERWISE CONTRARY LIABILITY SHALL

FOR

THE PRODUCT CLAIMED

This Warranty shall any

provision you · specific rights, state to state. Some states

or

dental

consequential damages or limitation

warranty may last, so the above limitation

NOT

BE

RESPONSIBLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,

OR

IMPLIED WARRANTY

may

WHICH

IN

not

be

and

DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT

OR

REPRODUCING ANY PROGRAM

NO

CASE EXCEED THE CONTRACT PRICE PAID

be applicable to the extent

prohibited by applicable law. This warranty gives

you

may

do

not

OR

IN

CONNECTION

OR

USE OF THIS PRODUCT UNDER ANY

NOT

TO

PROPERTY, DAMAGES

OR

ANY COST

TO

APPLICABLE LAW, FRANKLIN

TO

BE

DEFECTIVE.

also have

other

allow the exclusion

or

OF

OR

that

the enforcement of

rights which vary from

or

limitation of inci-

on

how

long

an

implied

exclusion may

not

DATA.

apply

WITH

you.

OF

BE

BY

'S

to

Xll

Franklin

Computer

Corporation

Attention: Service Department

73

and

Route Pennsauken, (

609)

488-0666

Haddonfield Road

New

Jersey

08110

Chapter 1

Getting Started

Features ACE

2000 Series

Computer

Of

The

Congratulations Series personal computer. The ACE Computer is operate for personal, business, home, computing·applications.

Your Franklin ACE

the advanced design features of other Franklin computers as well as extensive compatibility with two of the most widely available computers available today, the Apple lie number tional value in microcomputers.

and

of additional features

on

your

purchase of

an

excellent choice because it is easy to

has all the

and

power

2000

the Apple lie. It also includes a

and

Series Computer incorporates

that

an

ACE

2000

Series

capability you

educational

make it

It is

an

excellent choice

an

2000

need

excep-

ACE

2200

With Monitor

1-1

for ease of use,· the variety of software available, versatility for applications small business. Although the ACE Computer

many

advanced needs of experienced users.

The following list is a brief discussion of some of the features of the Franklin ACE is

intended new that computers reason.

is simple

people, it

computer. The features presented here are things

set the ACE

is

still powerful

to help you become acquainted

2000

and

may

in

the home, education,

2000

Series

enough

be· of particular interest for that

to be a first computer for

enough

2000

Series Computer.

Series

Computer

apart

to meet the

with

from

and

your

other

r-

It

• The ACE enhanced features of the Apple computers, including column video functions. Double High Resolution Display feature of the Apple pixels Computer the Apple software programs, extra features such as keys numeric keypad.

• The ACE built-in software, including Franklin's

Operating System, Franklin programming language, Franklin software incorporates features of DOS 3.3 degree of compatibility for programs written for the Apple tion, Franklin's ments. There is also

2000

Series

Computer

128

K of memory

It

lie which allows display of

on

the screen. The ACE

has the

open

and

switchable command keys

2000

and

II+,

expanded

closed F keys

12

programmable function

Series

Computer

Applesoft BASIC, resulting in a high

lie,

and

lie computers. In addi-

DOS 2 includes

enhanced

has

many

lie

and

also includes the

560

by

2000

Series

keyboard, including

needed

and

DOS

for

has, in addition,

on

has

advanced

own

2,

and

BASIC This

both

Apple's

many

improve-

video software for

of the

Apple lie

and

80

192

many

the

Disk

BASIC

1-2

80

column video

control software for four

and

graphics display

popular utility programs for diskette are included

help you use the ACE

on

the Franklin DOS 2 diskette to

2000

efficiently.

printers. Several

and

file

management

Series

Computer

and

printer

• The ACE 65SC02 microprocessor for its unit. This the Apple lie computer. general computer operation additional commands for advanced

• The ACE column text display capability bank-switched

"lie bility. Computer

• The ACE software compatible ment lie

• The ACE

2000

Series

new

2000

text card"

It is included

as

standard

2000

requiring the

128

K memory requir

2000

Computer

uses the

main

chip is available as

It offers extra

and a number

Series

Computer

and

64

K memory. This is

and

"lie

extended text card" capa-

with

the ACE

equipment.

Series

Computer

with

programs

"lie

extended

ement

s.

Series Computer,

processing

an

upgrade

power

programmers

has built-in

additional

known

2000

Series

is

hardware

and

text card" or the

depending the model, has compact half-height disk drives built into the computer housing for convenience and

security. These special drives, together

Franklin's DOS 2 operating system, have the

40

capability of using diskettes in addition to those in format. This option allows

standard

you

track format

Apple

35

to increase

track

diskette storage capacity by 15% while still maintaining the ability to diskettes. The ACE ACE

2100

has one disk drive,

2000

standard has

Apple

no

disk drives,

and

the ACE 2200

use

has two disk drives.

new

for

of

.

80

as

and

equip-

on

with

in

your

the

1-3

• The ACE

2000

Series Computer has

12 mable function keys that can make computer operation easier easily programmed to your using a simple Franklin switchable command keys make programming faster detached keyboard uses design with many features

found only

and

more efficient. The keys are

own

specifications by

BASIC

an

on

more expensive computers.

command. The

on

the numeric keypad

and

easier. The

advanced ergonomic

and

enhancements

program-

~

How

To Use

This Manual

• The ACE . face hardware

2000

Series Computer has built-in interand

software for four of the most common printers, including graphics printing capability. The computer also has software

and

controls for many printer functions

features

included for easy user control of printing.

Using your ACE

doesn't

tively this manual. exhausting or intimidating experience. hand

, using this powerful tool can be very rewarding

2000

Series Computer computer effec-

depend

on mastering all the material in

Using a computer

doesn't

have to be

On

the

other

an

in creating solutions to problems, or beginning to understand

the way these fascinating machines

operate.

This manual,

ence

Manual,

describe the way the

Computer works.

the optional

If

you're interested in the computer

ACE

2000

ACE

Technical

2000

Series

Ref e

r-

and

itself, or writing programs that utilize its features, these manuals contain all you need to ACE

2000

for application programs, such as

you use

your

word

know

.

If

processing, accounting, or education, you'll probably know

a lot about those programs

2000

ACE

Series Computer itself, except

and

less about the

how

to

prepare diskettes for the computer to use, copying files,

etc. This manual is designed to let you find the material

want

you

quickly,

and

then

go

on

to something else.

. ..--

1-4

Read,

or

scan, the manual so you'll

If

you

need

are here. be

able to find with more technical material in the latter sections, so you can stop reading if Manual describes features of the computer

use all the time,

The manual is a continuing source of reference informa-

tion for you.

them

those things,

quickly. The chapters are arranged

you

get stuck. The User's

and

also features you may never need.

know

what

now

or later, you'll

that

things

you'll

Other Manuals And Sources

The ACE detailed information about Computer Franklin BASIC commands, memory maps, display techniques. This reference manual is designed for programmers though applying the power of the ACE

Since the Franklin ACE designed to lie, lie, reference materials might be of interest to experienced computer users. You fully,

Reference

material represent similarities from the ACE

Computer va

ried backgrounds

always a good source of practical information,

answering questi ular job, acquiring public domain programs. Your Franklin dealer can your

2000

Technical

works, including lists of Franklin DOS 2

and

experienced computer users,

it can

be

helpful to anyone interested

be

extensively compatible

and

other

Apple

should

and

in conjuction with the ACE

Manual, so you can tell which

2000

operating characteristics.

user

groups are gatherings of people of

with

ons

or

evaluating peripheral equipment,

prob

ably

help

area.

Of

Information

Reference

2000 Series

II

Manual

how

the ACE 2000 Series

2000

series products,

use these materials care-

contains more

Series computer.

Computer

with

2000

parts

and

which are differences

varied interests.

locating software to

you locate a users

and

in

is

the

Apple

some

Technical

of the

They

are

whether

do

a partic-

or

group

and

video

Apple

in

1-5

Another popular source of communication computer users is the electronic bulletin board. have a to a telephone) you can call is usually operated and anything, or just follow someone else's discussions.

modem

ask (or answer) questions about just about

(a

device

that

connects

up

a bulletin board, which

by

an experienced computer user,

your

among

If

computer

you

r-"'\

Getting Acquainted With The ACE 2000

Series

Computer

DISK

DI~C

HROR

DBL

HIRES

CPU

POWER

=====

fraR!:=:::

If

you

haven't

of its packing carton. Before you explore too far, read a little of the manual to get an idea of

supposed

There are some important items packed computer, like the Warranty Card, the video cable, this manual, diskette. Take a minute to moment, find a safe place for the diskette .

Unpack the computer packing materials so you can transport or store computer safely if the need arises. Place the on

your enough make the necessary connections.

Take a minute

the back panel to orient yourself to some of the

computer's features.

~~

done

so already, take the computer

how

things are

to work.

with

the

power

and

the Franklin DOS 2

fill

out

the card

and

the keyboard. Save the V

work surface carefully. There should be

room to

turn

the computer

and

look at the computer

DRivl(I)

(]

~~

ll

DO

and

cord, the

and,

computer

monitor to

and

especially

liDO

ACE

for the

your

out

rJ

DRIVE

[D.

~~@@

\

1-6

ACE

2200-Front

J

View

Here are some of the things

what

they're

used

for:

on

the back panel

and

uu

Q

HIBOARO

MONITOR

®§J'®@

·o'D'D

·o

PtU t

®(. ... ·

lEI

PRINTER

.·.·.·.·.·::.·.-

ACE

•

• The large

CUI£

C

O~IROl

.

.f!®

®~~®

2000

Series-Back

The

power

are built into the ACE

power supply, a high capacity

which generates 67.1 watts of power. This is

much

more power capacity

puters

aren't

also means that you have a lot of expansion capability with your ACE system.

built-in fan, a Series separately with other microcomputers.

and

jeopardized by transient

round

Computer

0

0.-------------..

.

OPJIOHO

SWITCH

~Ol

Panel

switch

means

and

the

power

2000

that

your

2000

Series

cutout with the metal grill is the

standard

feature of the ACE

that you often have to

cord connector

Series

Computer

power

than

most microcom-

computer operations

power

computer

supply

demands.

2000

purchase

It

• Most common cable connections are available with the connectors installed in the back panel. The covered slots 1 connect peripheral cards inside the devices outside . through removed easily from the inside.

• The hole marked "VOL" contains screw for the volume of the computer's speaker. The speaker makes a

one of these slots, the covers are

through

If

you

beep

7 are for cables

need

to connect a cable

when

there is

computer

an

adjusting

an

that

with

1-7

important computer is ready to use, incorrect command . Application programs frequently use the speaker as accompaniment as you

event

zap

cosmic invaders.

for you to notice, ·like

or

you've

entered

the

an

~

• The four OPTION SWITCHES are very settings for several options for the operation. You'll just note and only

• The four connectors for the most eral devices are labelled KEYBOARD connector connector will always be

can't operate without connect a printer to their computer using PARALLEL PRINTER connector. Some users will need the GAME on

Setting

ACE

Computer The first thing to

Up Your Connecting

2000

Series

it in. The keyboard cable plugs into a connector back panel. Note way

. Attach the connector

The joystick connects the same

that

should

when

the computer's application.

The

important

computer

read

more about

these are very important switches

be

used carefully. Set

necessary.

with

and

used

them

. Most

CONTROL connector,

Keyboard

do

is

unwrap

that

the cable connector fits only

the keyboard

with

the screws provided.

way

them

later,

or

change

common

their functions. The

the MONITOR

since

the

computer

users

will

depending

and

.

's

but

them

periph-

the

plug

on

the

one

~

1-8

The keyboard

same type . the keyboard

anything,

16

connector for joysticks which connector provided is located inside the computer case

and

the joystick use connectors of

If

you accidentally connect the joystick to port

(or vice versa) you

but

the computer

on

won't

the back panel. This

the

won't

harm

work. There is also a

don

't

use

the

DB-9

con

nector

on

the

main

elec-

-

tronics board. Installation instructions for the special pin

connector are in the latter part of this chapter.

16

And

Keyboard (Game Control) Cable

Connecting The Video Monitor

Now

connect the vi

you're

using a monochrome monitor, or a composite

deo

monitor to the computer.

Connector

If

color monitor, take the cable provided with the ACE

2000 Series

the back panel. Connect the other itself. vision set, you modulator. Your dealer can help you get

(If

you

Computer

want

to connect the

need

and

plug it into

the

end

to the monitor

computer

connector

to a tele-

a special connector called

one

an

RF

. Instruc-

on

1-9

tions for connecting an

The

Display,

of this manual.)

RF

modulator are in

Chapter

7,

,....-.

1-10

Video Cable

Now

you're

and

the video monitor are power the computer's

Power Cable

And

ready to go. Make sure

cords. Make sure you use a

power

And

Connector

turn

source.

Connector

ed

off,

both

the

and

plug in the

grounded

computer

outlet for

POWER

c::J

DIAG

CJ

DISK

ERROR

CJ

Although

power to changes

best results from

same circuit electric motors) that make heavy or periodic on

the electrical

Turning On The Computer

Turn

computer using the switch green light computer should go go

on

s

hould prompt) video screen.

DBL

HI

RES

CPU

c::::::J

CJ

the

computer uses relatively little electrical

(about

on the video monitor first, then

as the computer tries to read

the

same as a

in

the

power

your

with

appliances (like air conditi

power

on

the left side of

on

also see a single charact

and a fl

ashing block, called a cursor on

Turn

off the

desk

it receives. You

computer

.

on

and

the disk drive ligh

computer and the monitor.

lamp), it is sensitive

if you use it

the

back panel. T

the

front

er

(a

the

won'

t get

the

in

the

oners

or

demands

turn

on the

he

panel

of the

t s

hould

diskette. You

] , which is called a

the

DO

a

FraR!:!:::

l

I

Front

Panel-LEDs And

now,

that

's

For getting a didn't and the

power

nd

that

was

go on, check the connections of the

pow

all you

and

the pur

er

outlets. Check the brightness a

Disk Drive Lights

need

is connected to the video

pose of this test.

Jl

to do. The

If

DRIVE m

computer

disp

th

e lights

power

nd

is

lay,

cords

1-11

contrast tions what your

adjustments

and

adjustments

you're

using.

dealer.

on

If

the

monitor, or the connec-

to

the

television

it still

doesn't

work

set

if

, check

Turning On The Computer With Disk Drives

that's

with

The ACE 2000 Series one

, two,

or

no

Computer

disk drives.

computer

If

you

disk drives, follow this procedure.

drives

with

your

ACE 2000 Series instance, other preceding test to your

if

it's

sources of

only start

used

memor

produce

up

steps.

in

a networking situation

y access

the

and

prompt

You'll learn more about disk drives later chapters. For now, test

your

computer.

just

follow this

can

have

one

If

you

have

Computer

storage),

and

cursor are

and

diskettes procedure

have

or

no

(for

with

the

two

disk

in

to

1-12

Disk

Drive-Inserting

Diskette

To test its disk drives, first make sure the computer is off. holding it carefully side facing

Now

should see

red

drive latch. latch This helps protect the diskette against

your

ACE

Then

take the Franklin

up

turn

on

the

light

on

the

It

open

whenever

2000

Series Computer

DOS

2 System Diskette,

by

the

top

edge,

into Drive 1, the left disk drive.

the video monitor

power

is a good habit to keep the disk drive

light

disk drive go on.

you

and

on

the computer

turn

the

computer

and

insert it label

the

computer. You

Now

close the disk

power

on

DO

Disk

Drive-Closing

hear

You'll diskette. This message will

a whirring noise

Drive Latch

as

the drive reads

appear

on

the screen:

turned

and

the

or

off.

surges.

the

and

You

ACE

Copyright

FRANKLIN

can

run

COPY

2

FUD

3

VERIFY

can

run a program

its

number

any

2000

of

(1

System

COMPUTER

these

thru

Dis

1984,

progra

4 5 DIAGNOSTICS

just

5).

kette

1985

CORP

ONE

by

ms:

DRIVE

typing

COPY

1-13

You

can

does

can

the

fin

d o

by typing

stop

this program

'Q'

key.

ut

what

the

each

'H'

program

key.

by

typing

Which

This is whenever means drive latch you

to watch

If

power monitor, make correctly may video monitor. sure

There is drive SWITCH Switch 1

would you

the

HELLO program which

you

read the Franklin DOS 2 diskette. It

that

everything is working well.

and

turn

learn a little more

out

for.

all

didn't

work

connections for

sure

and

that

need

to

adjust

If

the

computer's

another

doesn't

work. Check the

group

on

the

on left

like?

run

off

the

computer

about

how

it works

as it

was

supposed

both

the

computer

you have the diskette inserted

the

disk drive latch is closed. You

the

brightness

you're

using a television set, make

connections

and

with

possible source of problems if

sett

ing of

the

back panel of the computer.

should

be

in

the

Make sure this switch is set correctly.

If

th

e computer still

doesn't

work, check

dealer.

s automatically

Open

the

disk

for a while until

and

things

to, check

contrast of

and

the

it are correct .

the

disk

the

OPTION

down

position.

with your

Other ACE 2000 Some of Series Computer Features

Computer little more technical inf able with. on, but stand

all these details to use the

1-14

the

other

may

If

you

realize

features of

be

of intere

're

interested

that

it's

the

st

to you

ormation

about

not

necessary for

ACE 2000 Series

but

may

involve a

than

you are comfort-

these things,

you

to

computer eff

ectively.

read

under-

Front

Panel

Indicator

Lights

The LED (Light Emitting Diode) indicator lights front

panel

show:

#1-Power #2-Computer

diagnostic tests

#3--Disk error or faulty diskette. Franklin

vates this LED if reading

#4-Double

active is used.

#5-The

computer

disk drive,

eral cards.

DI

SK

POW

c:::J

ER

DIAG

CJ

ERROR

CJ

DBL

HI

RES

CJ

CPU

CJ

FraR~!:::

of

the

computer

is

on

(green light)

is performing internal

a sector of

hires graphics is in use. This indicator is

any

time

CPU LED registers

CPU. This activity includes

printer

the

activity,

are

software

the

diskette.

560 x 1

any

green

and

red

memory

DOS 2 acti-

needs

to

retry

92

pixel screen display

I/0

activity of

keyboard

and

optional

DO

Jl

on

and

the

periph-

DRIVE[!)

the

,

a

l

These lights

and

can computer, and

diagnostic test before it boots

show

the

be

helpful to

it automatically

state of activity of

you. When

runs

you

an

internal

the

your

computer

turn

on

the

memory

diskette . LED

#2

1-15

is active while these tests are running, usually only a few seconds.

When LED ering. Franklin

a diskette is difficult for the disk drive to read,

#3

will probably

DOS

ware, detects this difficulty

show

some intermittant flick-

2,

the Disk Operating System soft-

and

tries to read the diskette six times before displaying an error message. Usually this is

on

data

an

early warning

the diskette to

another

and

you

can copy the

one before the diskette

becomes totally unreadable.

#4,

lets

The double hires graphics indicator, LED know

when

you're

560

x

192

screen display,

program, or from

#5

LED

shows

performing some

operating in double hires mode, the

your

whether

own

from

an

program commands.

that the central processing

I/0

activity, which includes keyboard,

application

unit

you

is

disk drive, printer, or peripheral card activity. This means activities are very brief, so the

glow. lights. This LED is a good measure of the central processing

The disk drive lights drive. The red light is

that

it is busy almost all the time. Some of these

LED

has

only a dim

Other

processes result in steady or flickering

computer's

unit's

activity.

show

the activity of the disk

on

whenever

there is

any

disk drive activity, reading, writing, access, etc. The green light is

whenever

the disk drive is writing to the

on

diskette (which means that both lights are on).

r----.

1-16

OPTION SWITCH Settings

The OPTION SWITCH group on the back panel number and

of settings, some of which involve concepts

procedures you'll encounter later, others which are

has

fairly technical. The operation of these switches is

a

described Switches

here

for

without

your

reference .

further information .

Don't

set

the

Option

!

2 3

B 14 °

Back

Panel-Option

Switch

enables slot or drive, which is a board DOWN expansion box contains a drives are connected to through slot '6 included with the

Switch DOWN computer the computer other Consult requires for

#1

Enable/disable logical internal slot

6,

deactivates the

known

must

end

printers

as slot

for

the

box for

the

expansion slots. In

be disabled.

#2

Auto Line Feed for

is no

LF.

sends

of each line

to

supply

your

printer

the

SwitCh # 1

UP

disables slot 6. This switch activates

corpputer's

connector

6.

disk driv es to

your

number

expan

This switch

a line feed

or the

supply

line feed

connection

on

the

This switch

work

ACE 2000 Series

of

expansion

the

main electrohics

that

Furth

er instructions

sion box.

printer

determines

command

not. Some

command

the

command

manual

to see

command.

4z

6,

DOWN

with

the

main electronics

must

always

.

If

you

purchase

Computer,

slots

and

the

board

case

the

internal

are

. UP is LF,

whether

to

the

printer

printers

to

what

expect

move

down

themselves.

your

If

you

can't

printer

disk

be

disk

the

a line,

tell,

an

the

at

set

1-17

the

line feed switch DOWN thing. sending sending, so

If

the

lines are double spaced,

a line feed in addition to the

the

proper

and

try printing some-

the

printer

one

you're

setting is line feed OFF.

is

Connecting Peripheral Devices

Switch Switch

Alternate Set DOWN. There is pictorial characters available ROM for

#3

unused

#4

Alternate Character

use

with a mouse

Set-Standard an

additional

in

the

computer's

and

other

Set UP,

set

of

video

icon-based application programs. Access to this alternate character set is dependent standard as inverse these attributes are when

The Franklin ACE 2000 Series bility to peripheral devices. These devices are computer into

the

The ACE Apple-compatible logical slots

printer), drive) built into two

additional slots available for peripheral cards inside

the

computer

on

the

application software.

When

set is chosen, character display attributes

and

flashing display are available. Some of

not

the

alt

expand

erna

te cho:uacter

to meet special

available for

set

standard

is chosen.

Computer

needs

of a

has

number

attached

by

means

of connectors, called slots, built

main electronics board.

2000 Series

#3

for 80 column display,

Computer

the

main electronics board. There are

#1

has

(for

the

and

Standard

parallel

#6

case .

the

characters

the

capa- \..._.)

to

the

(for

the

such

of

disk

r---..

1-18

If

you

need devices to opening eral cards.

to

the

computer

use

these slots to connect peripheral

computer

, follow these instructions for

case

and

plugging

in

the

periph-

,....-..._

\..._.)

First, remove the the computer so you have some free space side of the computer so

power

cord from the computer. Turn

you can lay the

top

on

the left

down easily while the cables are still attached. Facing the back panel, remove the two screws, slide the top of the case away from you, because the top may The disk drives are the disk drive cables are long connected while the

and

tip

appear

mounted

top

is off.

it

to the left.

heavier

in the

enough

than

you

top

of the case

to remain

Be

careful

expect.

and

Removing

Computer

The two long connectors at the rear of the

tronics board are the slots. The rearmost slot

Case-Step

1

main

elec-

is

desig-

nated slot 2.

Slot 2 is used for a serial printer or want

to use slot 2 for a serial card , simply insert the edge connector of the card into the slot. Make seated securely. Consult the manual card for any other instructions about installing

If

you need to attach a cable to the serial card, remove

modem

with

port.

sure

the serial

the

If

card.

you

it is

1-19

1-20

Removing

Computer

Case-Step

2

one of the covers from a hole in the rear panel of the

the

appropriate size to lead want

to

mount

the connector

directly. Some of the holes are sized for

cable through. You may

onto

the rear wall

common

connectors.

ACE

The

Slot 4 is often units, or

----------

2000

other

for

Series-Main

slot

may

be

used

for connecting additional disk drive

adding

a CP/M (another operating system)

Board

-Slot

used

either as slot 4

peripheral card. Slot 7 is generally hard

disk dri.ve to the computer.

Location

used

for

or

as

adding

slot 7.

a ·

1-21

~~

c:::::::::J

F==-..;==-=::;::_=0

c=J

c:::==J

c:::::=J

c=J c=J

c=J

c::::::=J

D

c=:::J c=:::J

c:::::J c:::::J

c:::::J

0

c=::J

c:::::J c:::::J

D C==:J c:::::J

Bmnc=J

c=::J

c:::::J

0

c:::::J c:::::J

@)o

c::::::J

1-----c::::!___J

-,

0

c:::::J

c:::J

c=::::J

c:=:J

c=J

0

c=J

15

B C==:J

c=J

c::=::J c::::::J

[=:::J

'

c=J

c=J c=J

c=:::J

c=J

[=:::J

~aa=aooD

Main

Board-Jumper

The choice of slot 4 or slot 7 is jumpers

setting is for slot

remove

on

the

jumpers

the neighboring

Location

main electronics

4,

If

you

want

from

the

pins

.

made

board, The

to

use

and

c:::J

c::::J c:::J I

c::::J c:::J c::::J c:::J

[==:J

I I

[==:J

.___

____,,

...

Do

by setting two

current

the

slot as slot 7,

slip

them

down

1-22

--~-~~

·

'<>§.

\...~

Lifting Off

Jum

per

Connectors

~~__:_

_

_j

1-23

JP7

JP8

I

JP7

JP8

~

)-----<'

D 0

~~ ~~

4

SLOT

DECODE

Jumper Configuration

7 I 7

I 0 0

I

J------l

4

IC:::::::==:::J

SLO

"f=

DECODE

1-24 .

Main

Board-16

Pin DIP Socket Location

Connecting A

If

the

joystick

of

the

DB-9

connector

have

to install it

panel

to a DIP socket

The

socket is located

board

and

behind

labelled

plug the as

"Game

and

match

illustration.

you

insert

16

Pin Joystick Cable

you

have

uses a 16

provided

through

the

110." it to Pin 1

Be

them

on

just

OPTION

Be

careful

into

the

one

the

below

sure

on

not

connector

on

the

of

the

holes

main

electronics

the

RF

SWITCH box

to locate Pin 1

the

socket as

to

bend

socket.

rear

panel,

in

the

board

modulator

and

on

marked

any

of

the

instead

you

rear

.

is

the

in

pins

1-25

c=::J

Main

'=

C:::5

c::=::J 0

c=:::J D

c=::J

Board-RGB

0

c=:J c=:J

Connector Location

ACE

2000 Series Computer Expansion

Chassis

1-26

Connecting An

If

you use an

24

to a an connector connector you

The ACE connector plate. This connector is designed for the Expansion Chassis which peripheral card expansion.

electronics

with

RGB

Video Monitor

RGB

video monitor it has to be connected

socket

is is

the cables

2000

on

the main electronics

adaptor shown marked

Series

the right side which is covered

has

board. The position of

in the illustration. The

"Jll

RGB." Your dealer can help

and

adaptor

Computer

four additional physical slots for

board

has

.

an

expansion

board

the

RGB

by

with

a small

Chapter 2

The Keyboard

The ACE 2000 Series most

important

provides keyboard has a you

ACE

• The keyboard is compact, light,

• The keyboard

your

interface

while

you

2000 General Keyboard Drawing

with a coiled cable so where

typing

you

angle

Computer

features of the

with

number

use

want

and

of

the

computer.

you

it.

has

adjustable feet to

fit

your

keyboard is

computer

the

computer. The

design

can

typing

because it

features

and

detached,

use

the keyboard

change

preference.

one

that

of

the

benefit

the

• Keytouch,

built-in features make

and

• The key standards tion of commonly RETURN. The numeric easy tion of the

• Twelve easily convenient many

shaped

easy to

entry

use

arrangements

to give

of numeric data, including RETURN function

groupings

commands

programmed

keytops, auto-repeat,

the

keyboard comfortable

.

follow ergonomic

maximum

used

and

convenience for locakeys, like SHIFT keypad

allow functions.

is

on

function keys in

custom

and

design

and

designed

the

duplica-

the

ENTER key .

application of

other

for

2-1

Typewriter

Functions

The Keyboard

Of

The keyboard very similar to

on

your

ACE 2000 Series

the

keyboard of a typewriter, some keys usually only found may

not

recognize.

This

chapter in turn, pointing between

will discuss each of

out

the

computer

key

similarities

board

keyboard.

on

computers

the

and

Computer

keyboard

and

differences

the

typewriter

but that

groups

is

it has

you

2-2

Keyboard-Main

Your ACE

Keypad

2000 Series

Computer

has two main keyboard groups, the main keypad with the alphabetic and

punctuation keys, right side. The design of these keyboard close as possible to the lay

calculator so work with

you

your

The main keypad generates

with

letters at

lower left

arrows.

the use of

and

If

a key is generated by SHIFT with the key symbol is

produced

and

the

numeric

keypad

groups

out

of a typewriter

can

use

your

keyboard skills as

computer.

upper

and

lower case

the

SHIFT keys,

dark

lower right marked with large

has

two symbols

by pressing

on

it,

and

the

key alone .

the

upper

on

the

is as

and

a

you

gray keys

up

one

lower

That's

all just like using a typewriter.

Oth

er keys usually found

BACKSPACE (shown as a left arrow),

on a typ

ewr

iter, like

TAB, and

the

SPACE

work

BAR keys ates a special ASCII 127).

in their

computer

Only

likely to use DEL.

users

usual

way

. The DEL

signal

(a

RUBOUT character,

with

technical applications are

key

.

gener-

Shift Keys

The illustration on

the

keyboard

Keyboard-Shift

The familiar SHIFT key when

it is

keys available

shows

and

Keys

used

with

on a computer

the

different Shift keys available

their location.

produces

another

way.

The

CTRL (for CONTROL) key, located

left of

the

keyboard, is

down

the

CTRL key while generate often aren't

a special control code. These control codes are

used

for special

printed

or control codes often as are

written down frequently instance,

as CTRL A,

the

CTRL key while

used

control code is

the

RETURN key

another

commands

displayed

you

which

you

on

operate

you

produces

an

uppercase key. There are that

work

in

the

at

the

shift key.

press

to

the

screen. You '

means

press

g~ven

If

another

the

computer

the

computer. They

that

you

A.

Sometimes

its

own

CTRL M.

letter

other

same

lower

you

hold

key,

ll

hold

key . For

shift

you

but

use

,

a

The

CAPS LOCK key is similar to

a

typewriter

characters

except it

on

the

works

computer.

the

only

with

The

indicator light

shift-lock

the

alphabetic

key

on

the

2-3

CAPS LOCK key is mode. You can successively.

The

NUM

LOCK key controls

the

numeric numbers other

characters, either editing tions later in this chapter. For understand shifting from LED indicator light numeric

The

ALT key is also a shift key, codes tions

that

ence

Manual.

as you'll see later.

keypad,

and

commands.

the

keypad

that

are

It is also

on

when

turn

it

on

and

whether

symbols

operation of the NUM LOCK key in

one

used

discussed

marked

cursor

You'll

learn

mode

of

operation

on

the

NUM

is in

"number

only in special technical applica-

in

the

used

for some special

the

key is in

off

by

pressing

the

action of

they

generate

on

their keytops

movement

more

now,

the

to

LOCK key

mode."

but

it

ACE

2000

upper

the

arrows

about

these

object is to

another.

shows

generates

Technical

commands,

case

it

keys in

or

func-

The

special

Refer-

-

the

._/

Command Keys The illustration

able

on

the

keyboard

Keyboard-Command

The

RETURN (for Carriage Return) key is an

arrow

going

the

movement

RETURN key

2-4

shows

down

of a carriage

at

the

and

Keys

and

the

right side of

various

their location.

then

to

return.

the

command

the

left to indicate

There is

main

keys avail-

shown

one

keypad

with

and

another numeric

one

(labelled ENTER) at

keypad

for your convenience. For

the

right side of

ations, the RETURN key is just a carriage serve

an

additional function on a co

as a

command

computer,

key.

When

you

conclude it by pressing RETURN. In this sense RETURN is a way of saying command, powerful

execute it." RETURN is one of the

and

most

frequently

mputer, and

enter a command

"T

his is

used

keys

keyboard.

The

ENTER key the RETURN key. repeated

you're

The either as

in

entering

ESC (for Escape) key is often

an sequence, computer. press

ESC means and

The

special things to

it's

best

PAUSE key the display. For instance, piece of text on the screen you

can

read display. sends

Press it again to

a signal (CTRL computer to

stop

sending signal (CTRL resume

sending

on

the numeric

It performs the

that

position as a convenience to you

keypad

same

a lot of numeric data.

used

introducing character for a

or

as a

response

An

example might be ESC A, in

and

then

you press A. Sometimes ESC

to

use

it carefully.

sends

it,

press

language is

data to the screen ,

Q,

also called XON, for

to a

question

some

software applications,

a signal to the

if

the

computer

and

it moves off faster

the

PAUSE key to

resume

S,

also called XOFF,

"transmit

the

off") to

then

data. This pair of signals is called

for com command

computer

display. PAUSE

"transmit

XON/XOFF transmission protocol.

many

return

my

most

on the

is

the

same

function

by

the

which

puts

stop

the

which

the

computer

sends

the

oper-

. It can

that

on

the

as

and

when

mands

you

to

stop

a large

than

in

another

on")

the

is

,

to

The

BREAK key

sends

a signal to the the execution of a BASIC is a fairly drastic

step

and

program

may cause

computer

you're

some

to

running.

data

to

stop

This

be

2-5

lost. times

The you

BREAK

used

RESET reset

is

the

same as CTRL C, which is some-

as a special computer

key represents a very drastic

the

computer you clear therefore almost always lose working on.

On

the

other

hand, computer seems to get stuck can't

regain control. Resetting to stop the Because press CTRL dure Reset is also called a

computer's

the

reset function is so powerful you have to

RESET

prevents

activity

to activate it. This two-key proce-

accidental pressing of the RESET key.

"warm

command

the

program

sometimes

in

some

the

and

start."

.

step. When

memory and

you're

the

process

computer

is

start it again .

and

the

you

way

Function Keys

The "open keys used together

that

F,"

don

't actually

[}', and

with

"closed F," F, keys are special

do

other

They are sometimes used

correspond to keys

on

The illustration keys

on the keyboard.

the

"open

Apple computers.

shows

the

Keyboard-Function Keys Function keys get their

such

function, instead of

as a command, or a series of characters,

just

a single character or control code like

name

much

them

selves

keys in special

in

application

Apple"

and

location of

commands.

programs

"closed

the

12 function

because they generate a

but

are

and

Apple"

2-6

other

keys. They are also called because command

on

contents is contained in

definitions the keys have DOS 2 diskette are given below.

they

can be

or

definition you want. Specific instructions

controlling the function keys

programmed

Chapter

when

"programmable"

to generate

and

programming

6,

Function

you

boot

Keys.

the

any

Franklin

keys

their

The

Default

The Franklin tions for loaded each time you boot the diskette. are:

Key

Fl

F2

F3 F4 FS F6

F7 F8 F9

FlO Fll F12

Function Key Definitions

DOS 2 diskette contains a

the

function keys

Definition Description

CATALOG,Dl Catalog of drive 1

(RETURN)

CATALOG,D2 Catalog of drive 2

(RETURN)

PR#3

(RETURN)

PR#l

(RETURN) Turn (ESC) 4 (ESC) 8 Switch from

COPY Copy a diskette file TYPE LOCK

UNLOCK Unlock a diskette file DELETE RENAME

in

the start

Turn

on

80

on

printer

Switch from

List a diskette file Lock a diskette file

Delete a diskette file Rename a diskette file

set

of defini-

up

file

that

The

definitions

columns

output

80 to

40

to 80 columns

is

columns

that

Note single keys, commands. The definitions are case letters, just

(RETURN)

not

but

as well as lowercase letters. Note also

and

(ESC) in the definitions are

the spelled

Franklin DOS 2 could process

out

versions of

shown

here

the

in

that

upperthem

the

2-7

commands included

that

require (RETURN) for execution

in

their definition. For require additional supply instance,

the

additional information

the

command

input,

other

like COPY,

line

commands

you have to

and

(RETURN). For

have

that

it

Numeric

Keypad Operation

would

The

operation

be

COPY file

typed:

F7

of

filename

the

na me (RETURN)

(RETURN)

Franklin DOS 2 selves are given in the Franklin video display concerned, all produces nitions

The

illustration

tions

and

chapter

you

the

sequence

whenever

shows

operation

. As far

have

as

to

remember

of characters

it is

pressed.

the

numeric

of its keys are described below.

commands

DOS 2

the

chapters

function keys are

is

that

shown

keypad.

the

in

The

them-

and

key

the

func-

the

defi-

2-8

Keyboard-Numeric The

numeric

mode

keypad

in

which arithmetic symbols, keys BASIC

generate

editing commands

the

Keypad

operates

and

cursor

in

two

the

keys

generate

an

editing

movements

shown

on their key

modes, the

numbers

mode

in which

and

the

various

top

s. The

and

-..__./

NUM LOCK key controls the choice modes, the numeric

Nume:ric Mode Commands

with

the LED

mode

on

the

operation.

NUM LOCK ke y

between

these two

showing

When LOCK

Numeric Keypad Editing Commands

When LOCK below. Some of enhanced that application video software is activated editing

the numeric keypad is in numeric

on),

the

keys generate numerals 0

+ , - ,

and

ENTER (which is the same as RETURN).

the numeric keypad is

off), the keys generate

the

editing

video software. They are available only

software is activated. You

tional. to

turn

program

commands

If

you

are using

on

the

you

on

the

enhanced

use

your

video software before using

in

editing

the

commands

may

to see if

by

it,

and

numeric keypad are opera-

own

programs,

these commands.

The arrow keys,

the

enhanced video software

for general

RUN issues

LIST

issues the BASIC

use

the

any

BASIC

RUN, LIST,

time .

command

and

ENTER

and

should

to RUN a program.

to

mode

(NUM

through

mode

(NUM

listed

are

part

of the

need

to try each

the

enhanced

therefore if the

remember

do

not

be

available

LIST

a program.

9, .,

when

require

ENTER is

the

same as the RETURN key.

The arrow keys move

other

The when

editing keys .listed below are functional only

the

enhanced

video software is active.

the

cursor

on

the

screen.

2-9

CLRS

This

command

cursor to the

Clear The Screen

clears the entire screen

home

position,

column

and

moves

one of line one.

the

"-""

HOME

This

command

which

is

the

CLRL

This

command

cursor position. The cursor position itself is unaffected.

Home The Cursor

moves

first

clears the entire line

the

cursor to the

column

Clear The Line

of the first line.

home

designated

position,

by

the

INSC Insert A Character

This

command cursor position one

position to characters to the right of affected . line,

that

DELC

This

command cursor position side

one space character

inserts a space character at and

pushes

the

right to make

If

there is a character in the last

character is lost.

Delete A Character

deletes the character

and

moves all the

space from the right to close

appears

the

in

other

cursor

the

characters room

column

columns

last

column

at

for it.

the

up

the

current

on

the

Only

are

column

current

on

the

line. A

of

the

line

of

the

right

line.

2-10

CPES

This

command

has a very

all

the

characters program to hitting (RETURN). The CPES

for processing

moving

Copy Entire Screen Line

is useful in editing BASIC

specialized operation. This

on

the cursor line to

or

execution. This is

the cursor to

the

end

of the line

command

programs

command

the

current

equivalent

and

works

and

sends

then

regard-

less of the cursor position

on

the line.

CPES is designed for editing

had

Suppose you

typed a line of a program that

mistake in it. First, you

BASIC

would

LIST

statements.

the

line,

then

had

use the escape mode cursor movement keys to locate the section of the line that the changes with the INSC changes are complete, just press line

is

sent

to BASIC with a (RETURN)

needed

and

correction,

DELC keys.

then

When

make

CPES. The corrected

without

any

the

additional cursor movement required.

If

you use the CPES

all

80

characters are used), you may notice that the last

character

on

the line is cleared to a space character after

CPES executes.

screen's processing of the command. The correct complete line was sent to the

command

Don't

worry, this is only the display

on a full line (all

running

program.

40

and

or

a

2-11

Chapter 3

Franklin

DOS

2 (Disk Operating System)

The

Franklin Disk Franklin DOS Computer available software disk drives. It's

The Franklin BASIC (Franklin BASIC language) are sometimes program. They and differences. the

Franklin DOS 2 diskette in drive 1, Franklin DOS 2 goes from where computer

You'll

DOS 2 diskette on

the

system,

disk

you

it's

do

power

on

that

operating

probably

such

to

the available for

off,

well to start

Operating

2,

allows

use

the

thousands

diskette.

handles

used

system,

are

not, but

don't

Whenever

diskette to

or

load

or

an

(unless

as

CP/M

The

interactions

whenever

you

an

your

exact duplicate

you're

or

System,

your

ACE 2000 Series

Disk

Franklin DOS 2,

thought

they

need

to be

turn

the

computer's

your

use

application

computer

using

Pascal, exclusively) .

known

of application

Operating

with

diskettes

you

use

programming

of

as

a single

work

closely

concerned

on

the

computer

until

you

program.

with

each

another

as

programs

System is

the

disk drive.

and

together

about

memory

turn

the

time

operating

and

the

with

the

Franklin

you

turn

Buying Franklin

0052

Application

Programs

Your ACE 2000 Series Apple programs,

DOS 3.3, Frankl

with

1.

Programs the be

able to alter

a Floating Point BASIC program.

2.

Older lowercase characters unconventionally (sometimes referred to

3.

Programs in

nonstandard

written

Integer BASIC

programs

that

Computer

in

DOS,

three

major exceptions:

in

Integer

program

the

program

for

Apple

as

the

"shift

int

eract

ways.

will

or

is available,

computers

mode"

with

run

Floating

BASIC.

so it can

option).

the

operating

virtua

Point

If

a listing

be

that

lly

any

BASIC

you

may

entered

produce

system

of

as

3-1

Many application ating system obliged to The best however, will

not

system

Even if diskette, operating system overrides Franklin DOS 2 by overwriting it in with

Franklin BASIC).

If

you're Series your

Disk

Drives

Your Computer because

For

Computer,

local

Disk drives are vital parts of a

into

and cation program, by

the

computer's

you

write a program,

that

data and

stored

when

you

computer

program

on

the diskette, so

boot

with

the Franklin DOS 2 diskette first.

way

to find

that

the special features of Franklin DOS 2

be

available to

provided

you

do

you

may

memory

not

sure

user's

they

allow easy

out

of the computer.

computer

out

you

on

the application program diskette.

boot first

find

that

(this generally

a program will

check

with

group,

the

on

internal

or

program is your

memory

or

is

taken

from

the

on

a diskette so it will

want

it. Without this storage facility,

alone is a limited tool.

diskettes come

you

is to try it

if

with

the

and

you

rely

the

Franklin DOS 2

application

doesn't

run

your

dealer

try it

out

computer

movement

of

When

read

command,

for operation. W

a letter,

or

make a mailing list,

computer's

be

with

may

not

be

see.

Be

on

the operating

program's

happen

on

your

or

perhaps

before

you

system

programs or

you

run

an

from

the

and

loaded into

internal

available to

an

oper-

aware,

ACE 2000

buy

it.

data

appli- .._./

diskette

hen

memory

you

the

3-2

Your ACE 2000 Series no

disk drives. These instructions for

DOS 2

drive(s).

and

You

the

computer

may

the configuration

If

you

have

no

disk drives (the ACE 2000 model) these

with

and

disk drives,

instructions ations 2000

computers

Computer

depend

need

to

adjust

of

your

computer.

Franklin DOS 2, which controls oper-

have

with

no

disk drives are almost always

little

may

have

using

on

using

these

procedures

imm

ediate use. ACE

one, two,

Franklin

the

disk

to

or

used

in networking applications,

computers in the

If

you

have one disk drive (the ACE

network

will have disk drives.

can use all the features of Franklin DOS

need

to adjust the procedures slightly, particularly the

and

some

2100

model),

2,

procedures to copy diskettes.

If

you

have two disk drives (the ACE 2200 model),

use

you'll be able to easily. You'll also Franklin ways

DOS 2 uses to designate each drive

to use

them

all the features of the

need

to be aware of the conventions

both.

of the

you

but

you

computer

and

the

may

Diskettes

You'll Series copies of data

When

soft-sectored diskettes . These are the

For

Your Computer

need a supply Computer

your

storage

and

you

purchase blank diskettes,

5%

of diskettes to

effectively. You'll

operating system diskettes, as well as for

programs.

inch single sided, single density

most

use

buy

common

them

diskettes

available.

The diskettes tively inexpensive compared to computer, so you investment.

you

fill

but

they

represent

need

to take good care of

Be

careful

with

data or

programs

the

a lot of time

them

your

diskettes.

price of

to protect this

Here are some suggestions for protecting diskettes .

• Always make backup copies of diskettes, especially diskettes

important

that

operating system, or programs.

your

ACE 2000

to make

16-sector

are rela-

the

and

your

hold

your

or

effort,

data,

3-3

e

Handle in their protective envelopes. Store protected; temperature.

the

diskettes carefully. Always

keep

and

use

them

keep

them

at

normal room

flat

them

and

-

e Diskettes are

magnetic coating enclosed in diskette is sensitive to dirt, to smoke, oil

on areas of any

magnetic

electric motors, magnets, video monitors, etc.

The

ACE

2000 The ACE 2000 System diskette contains Franklin DOS 2 Franklin System Diskette diskettes, for

DOS

2 as well as a

computer

Chapter how Franklin DOS 2 diskette. This sequence to

1. Insert

2.

tasks.

1,

Getting

to boot the ACE 2000 Series

zontal slot of drive 1 (the left

Push

it all

stops.

Turn

on

the

power

on

the

made

of a plastic

an

your

fingers, so

the

diskette. Keep diskettes

and

number

handling

of useful

Started,

remind

the

back panel.

you

Franklin DOS 2 diskette into

the

way

the

power

to

the

don't

touch

electrical disturbances,

programs

files

you

use,

of this

how

in

to the monitor.

computer

procedure

to start

but

don't

with

manual Computer

hand

medium

envelope. The

and

the

force it after it

the

with

and

to

the

exposed

away

from

such

for copying

other

general

showed

using

reviews

computer.

the

hori-

disk drive).

Then

turn

power

switch

a

the

you

the

that

on

as

-

3-4

3.

Turn

the

latch

on

the disk drive disk drive slot. This down

onto

the putting the surface of the record). It's a to the surges

open

power

the

stylus of a record player

the

disk drive latch

on

that

could

puts

surface of

or off as a protection

harm

down

the

reading

the

diskette (think of

good

whenever

your

diskettes.

across

mechanism

down

onto

idea always

you

turn

against

power

the

Disk

Drive-Inserting

Disk

Drive-Closing

Diskette

DO

Drive Latch

computer

The may

be a little noise as the disk drive adjusts itself

then

reads Franklin DOS 2 into its internal You'll see a message like this:

now

starts to

appear

read

the

on

the screen,

diskette . There

and

memory

something

.

3-5

ACE

2000

Copyrigbt

System

1984,

Diskette

1985

by

FRANKLIN

You

can

run

any

COPY

2

FUD

3 VERIFY

You

can

run a program

its

number

You

can

You

Which

does

can

the

find

stop

would

'Q'

by

out typing

this key.

you

This message is the HELLO

matically each time diskette. thing

Other

It

tells

you

is

ready

to go.

Franklin DOS 2 diskettes may have slightly different contents or screen displays updates system

the software contents of the ACE 2000 Series

software. The

COMPUTER

of

these

tust

(1

thru

what

like?

each

the

program

you

boot the Franklin DOS 2

(among

other

CORP

programs:

4

ONE

5 DIAGNOSTICS

by

5).

program

'H'

key.

by

that

things)

as_

"H"

selection is a

DRIVE

typing

runs

that

Franklin

kind

auto-

every-

of message which describes the operation of each of programs any menu

listed in the

menu.

If

of those programs, press the

and

go into BASIC.

you

"Q"

don't

want

key to quit

COPY

help

the

to

use

the

Making Backup Copies Franklin

Of

Your

DOS 2

Diskette

3-6

Before

new Use the copies for everyday

you

use

diskette)

your

you

Franklin DOS 2 diskette (or

should

make a

use

diskette in a safe place. This is a

backup

and

keep

good

any

copy of it.

the

original

habit to estab-

!ish,

and

one you'll be grateful for if you ever

an important diskette.

"crash"

The Franklin utility programs,

COPY

and

ONE DRIVE COPY, make it easy to make backup copies of diskettes. Before you proceed, get a few blank diskettes

your

to make

Two

Disk

If

you have a two drive system, follow this procedure:

copies.

Drive Systems

Use the HELLO program to help you make backup copies. Just select option also exit the HELLO program, get the Franklin

prompt,

],

and

type:

RUN

1,

COPY

by pressing

(RETURN)

1.

You could

DOS 2

Either procedure loads the copy program into the computer's memory. The screen displays:

Fast

Copy

Franklin

Insert

one,

and a blank

Press:

2

Vx.x

Computer

the

disk

for a 35 for

a 40

or

E~C

~o

Corp.

to

disk

track track return

be

copied

into

copy copy

to

into

drive

Franklin

drive

two.

DOS

2

Insert the diskettes in the disk drives as instructed.

your

Since

Franklin DOS 2 diskette is in (you'll learn more about that later), press need to press {RETURN) to start the copying. copy

is

finished, you'll see the message:

The

copy

has

been

written

and

35

track format

1.

There is

When

verified.

no

the

3-7

Make

two

copies of COPY and another you're

program

all

you

have to

blank diskette

finished, remove

diskette from drive 1

the

Replace with

one

the

COPY program . The exit message says:

original Franklin DOS 2 diskette in drive 1

of the duplicates

asks

your

Franklin DOS 2 diskette. The

if

you

want

to make another copy,

do

is replace

and

the

and

store it

and

the

run

COPY again.

original Franklin DOS 2

in

press

first copy with

When

a safe place.

(ESC) to exit from

Place CP/M

press

This reboots

chance to test Press

any

One

Disk

If

you have a

similar,

a

disk

with a copy

on

it

into

drive

any

key

to

re-boot.

the

operating system

your

duplicate Franklin DOS 2 diskette.

key to proceed .

Drive Systems

one

drive system, the procedure is very

just

a bit slower. You can choose to

of

one,

and

gives you a

DOS

then

run

or

ONE DRIVE COPY from the HELLO program (selection 4), or

exit HELLO

When

you see the Franklin DOS 2

and

get

the

Franklin DOS 2

prompt.

prompt ] and

the

cursor, type:

RUN

ONE

DRIVE

Either procedure loads

COPY

the

program. Th

(RETURN)

e screen

displays:

Copy

Franklin

Program

Computer

Vx.x

Corp.

3-8

This Which.drive

Press

program

1,

2,

copies

is

the

or

ESC

any

DOS original to

exit.

disk. disk

in?

ONE DRIVE COPY asks which holds drive

has

have

one

both

the

show

drive 1 for the original diskette. The

then

asks:

the

original diskette,

the duplicated diskette. Because

drive, you have to

source

and

you

respond

the

destination diskettes. Press 1 to -

to identify

and

with

the

drive

next, which

you

only

drive 1 for

program

Which Press

Press 1 to This signals when

it's time to

diskettes back

drive

1,

show

the

and

is

the

blank

2,

or

ESC

to

exit.

drive 1 for the destination diskette.

program

swap

forth

to

prompt

the

source

in

drive 1. The next screen

you

and

disk

on

destination

shows:

Please press

to

The

program

memory,

insert

RETURN

quit.

reads

then

asks you to insert the destination

the

source

to

continue

part

of the source diskette into

disk or

diskette, writes the contents of memory to tion diskette, back in so it can start repeated until closing message

The

key

When

you've Franklin with a duplicate Franklin

then

asks

you

to

put

the

process again. The process is

the

entire diskette has

been

is:

disk

to

has

continue.

made

a few copies,

been

copied.

put

DOS 2 diskette in a safe place

DOS 2 diskette.

source diskette

Press

the

original

and

finished with copying, press (ESC) to leave program.

You're

now

back in Franklin DOS 2, should have the Franklin DOS 2 prompt, ] , flashing cursor.

in?

the

screen

and

ESC

the

destina-

copied. The

any

proceed

When

the

you're

copy

and

3-9

Catalog

Diskette

Of

A

Franklin DOS 2

and

DOS 2 format. This catalog gives

use

then

of files Franklin useful information about the diskette. You can learn a lot by looking diskette.

You can CATALOG

Franklin DOS 2 abbreviation. In Franklin DOS

I

command.

has a command

programs contained

your

at

the catalog of the Franklin DOS 2

the CATALOG

and

then

(RETURN), or

(RETURN)

is

the same as the CATALOG

that

will give

on

any diskette in the

files

and

about

command

you

their status

Franklin DOS 2

by typing

you

can

you

a lot of

use

2,

a list

on

an

typing

Try the

You'll see a listing

CATALOG command. Type:

Franklin

Free

*D *F *D *B *B *B *B

*B *B *B *D *B *B *B *B *B *B *B

2

20

2 21 22

11 22

6

7 3 2 4 BASIC.DIAG 8 DISKDRIVE.DIAG 5 HIRES.

34 HIRES.DIAG.DATA

8 8 4

I

(RETURN)

something

DGS

sees:

like this:

2 S.XX, Vol

396

-----------BOOT HELLO

-----------PROGRAM FUD COPY ONE

DRIVE

COPY VERIFY DIAGNOSTICS BOOT13

CHAIN

----------DATA

FILES

DIAG

KEYBOARD.DIAG MEMORY.DIAG

PADDLES.DIAG

0,

FILES

35T,

3-10

If

the

catalog is too long for the display screen,

stop it

by pressing the (CTRL) the

rest of the display,

press

(ESC) or (CTRL) C, the display will

won't

be able to restart it.

35

And 40 Track The

Diskette

Formats DOS 2 will

the

35

cally, of

using

legend

track single sided format of

but

them. The ACE 2000 Series drives are capable of diskette formats. Most disk drives older Franklin systems can

pressing PAUSE, the space bar,

and

S keys simultaneously. To see

press

any

other

key.

35T in

run

most

the

top

line of the catalog refers to

several

other

disk drives are

the

diskette. Franklin

diskette formats automati-

not

mechanically capable

Computer

using

either

35

track

on

Apple

use

only

35

track formats.

or

If

stop

or

and

by

40

you

but

disk

track

some

can

you

Franklin format is find especially copy programs, like

DOS 2 analyzes diskettes to

used

on

them.

CATALOG is a quick

out

which

format a diskette has. This is

when

you make copies of

ONE DRIVE COPY, only copy diskettes of the same format so have the same format as like COPY,

the FUD utility

shortly)

do

the

Franklin DOS 2 COPY program

permit

The copies of the Franklin are in the same

remember

diskette before it

that

35

COPY

made

the

original.

(which you'll

copying from dissimilar formats.

DOS 2 diskette

track format as

asked

you

the

copy.

select the format automatically,

it specifically.

Franklin 16 ters (about as contains). The to

DOS 2 divides each track

sectors, each containing

many

characters as this

the

number

legend

of

"Free

unused

the

sees" in the

sectors

determine

which

way

to

important,

diskett~s.

the

copies automatically

Other

command learn

the

original. You

for

the

Many

copy

others

on

ask

the

Some

programs,

and

about

you

made

format of

programs

you

to select

diskette into

the

equivalent of 256 charac-

paragraph

top

line refers

on

the diskette,

and

is

3-11

a

measure

on

that

It's

good diskettes. formats Franklin might commands very specific

of

the

space remaining for additional storage

diskette.

advice to stick to one format for

If

you have diskettes written in different

DOS 2 will recognize them,

not

always

remember

which

is

which.

to move files from diskette to diskette are

about

whether

they're going from similar

your

but

The

you

to dissimilar formats. There are a few things to consider

when

you

choose a diskette format.

35

track diskettes are

diskettes.

On

the about 15% more storage little interaction it makes the

frequently,

added

sense

storage.

at

user's

you'll avoid confusion if

much

other

hand,

on

with

other

to choose the

If

you

encounter

groups

your

more

common

40

track diskettes

each diskette.

users

and

40

track format because of

or

software exchanges,

own

diskettes are

than

If

diskette formats,

35

track diskettes

you

40

track

have

35

track too.

Diskette File Names

3-12

Each of computer, can be of commands), or lists of diagnostic tests, or a letter corresponds file you might use in

The catalog of the Franklin

divided you can identify files are getting the diskettes that allow you to about

the

entries in the catalog list is a "file." To

anything

used

loosely to

with a unique

mean a program

data

the

or

list of

more closely to the ordinary definition of a

an

office setting.

DOS 2 diskette

with

lines of

dashes

them

into categories of files so

more easily. The first

BOOT FILES. These are files essential for

computer

that

in a moment).

running.

boot

The

You'll use

from a cold start (more

next PROGRAM FILES. These are utility you

by

doing

various file

management

name

is a file. This

(which is a

computer

addresses

them

group

of files are

programs

tasks, like

uses

has

group

the

set

in

that

been

of

to create

that

help

making

group

that for

The

the changes.

backup

of

files

can't

be

used

testing

procedure

asterisk

at

file is locked to

You'll

unlocking, files

The

letter

are

of

DATA FILES,

except

s.

the

beginning

protect

learn

more

shortly

.

to it indicates

diskettes

and

which

so on.

are

by the diagnostic

of

each

line

it

against

about

the

accidental

locking,

type

of

file:

The

just

program

means

and

raw

that

third

data

s

Slots, Drives, and Volumes

= Floating

F

Point B = Binary files T = Text files S

=

Assembly

R

= Relocatable object files

language

0 = Binary object files

= Binary

D

You

don't terms. tions

where

The

last

file

names

may

be

a letter,

printing

Most

used

data

have

to

worry

of

them

their

meaning

number of

entry

have

is the size

sectors it

is

the

from

within a name.

but

then

any

control characters)

comma.

Franklin

diskettes numbers

DOS 2 uses

and

locations for

are

slot

number, drive

number.

BASIC

(machine

files

about

are

used

is clear.

takes

name

of

one

to thirty

other

three

information. The

programs

language

source

files

understanding

only

of

the

file,

up

on

the

file.

characters. Spaces

The

first charact characters may

be

more

numbers

number, and

programs)

in

technical situa-

given

in

diskette.

Franklin

er

(including

used

except

to

identify

three

all

these

the

DOS

2

must

non

the

volume

be

-

3-13

The slot main

electronics

number

identifies the slot

board

for the disk drives, the slot is hard

disk drive

go in slot 7

The

drive

drive in

the two disk drives, accomodate only one

The

volume

has

been

a

portion

The

volume disks. The volume don't

use

and

will

use

you

do

use a volume

volume

number

confusion,

(a

Winchester drive) it

on

the main board.

number

identifies

particular slot. Each slot can accomodate

number 1 and

hard

number

labelled

of

the

number

designates a particular diskette

with

a volume

Franklin DOS 2

is

seldom

number

a volume

the

number,

diskette in

number,

on

the diskette. To avoid potential

most

people leave

specifications.

on

the

computer's

the

device

number

you're

6.

If

you

using. For

added

would

the

number

of

the

2.

A slot can

disk drive.

number,

part

used

or it identifies

of a

hard

except

on

may be from 0 to 254.

Franklin DOS 2

the

drive

you

it

must

out

the

volume

won't

specified.

match

a

probably

disk

if

disk . hard

If

you

care

If

the

number

it

3-14

Slots, drives, V followed by the

space). All three the

file

identification to Franklin

.

volume

and

volumes

numbers

name. Thus

designations

are identified

appropriate

are set off by

numbers

with

S, (without commas

,S6,D2,V254 is a complete diskette

DOS

2.

The slot, drive,

may

be given in

any

order,

,D2, V22,S6.

According to the ACE 2000 Series connected and

the

to the

computers,

computer

two

through

Franklin DOS 2 sees things in

the first two disk drives

are controlled

slot

4.

Therefore,

through

you

would designate the first four disk drives as: S6,D1; S6,D2; S4,D1; S4,D2.

If

you

don't

use

slot or drive

numbers

in a

command,

D,

a

after

and e.g.

slot 6

and

the

Franklin DOS 2 uses the last slot you

did

specify (called the default values). you only 6,

so don't when numbers in slot

If

you booted

diskette in drive

have

two disk drives, they are always in slot

that

is always

your

default slot value

have to specify it at all. (There are

you

do

need

to tell Franklin DOS 2

1,

you're but

using, for instance,

that's

your

1,

another

computer your

chapter.)

default values are 56,

with

you always use that disk drive for don't

have

to specify

want

to use a diskette in drive

put

,02

(slot 6 is still the default) after the

file

name

you

want becomes numbers,

your

default drive.

VO

is

to use

always

any

slot or drive

on

your

2,

drive

If

you

default value.

and

drive

numbers

Of

course,

and

you

other

times

about

slot

that

the

printer

the Franklin DOS 2

01.

your

diskettes, you

numbers.

all you

have

to

If

do

command

2.

Then

drive 2

don

't

use

volume

if

is

If

you

is

or

Here's DATA file number second diskette is in drive names

If

identifications

Suppose

another ONE

called OAT A TWO

2.

of these two files

you

switched the diskettes from drive to drive, their

example.

on

a diskette

When

the first diskette is in drive 1

DATA DATA TWO, 56,

would

DATA OAT A ONE, 56,

you

wanted

Suppose

with

on

a diskette

2,

would

ONE, 56, D1,

you have a file called

volume

the

full Franklin DOS 2

be:

V1

02,

V2

be:

TWO, 56,

01,

02,

V2

V1

to LOCK (or some

with

DOS 2 command) one of the files. Just

with

the

file

on it in the disk drive,

then

LOCK OAT A ONE, 56, D2,

number 1 and

volume

and

other

Franklin

put

the diskette

specify:

V1

a

the

3-15

Starting Franklin

DOS

In actual practice, you'll probably only numbers always

Now diskettes, there are a few things

2

about

the

If

you try to the press you this has Only so you could write some but

Franklin

able.

the

Some disk Franklin 2

with anything 2

command restore Franklin there's The computer

frequently because slot

be

6,

and

volume

that

you

know

disk operating

numbers

how

to

systems

computer.

turn

on

the

computer

disk drive ,

(CTRL)(RESET) see a prompt point

in its

the

drive

and

the

computer

permanent

spins

the

processing cycle

flashing cursor

is

operating

memory

Memory). This software includes Franklin BASIC

programs

you co

diskettes

uldn

't

store

them

DOS 2, the disk

Frank

lin DOS 2 controls all the interaction with

and

disk drives.

app

lication programs

operating

their

systems (or customized versions of

DOS

2)

will replace a

own

commands.

about

it until you try to use

and

find it

DOS 2 to

an

easy

way

reboot comma

off

and

nd

then

operating

doesn't

the

to

do

it, called a reboot

is the

on

again.

use

drive

numb

ers will almost

are

use

different you

and

without

seldom

should

how

they work

without

result.

used.

kinds

know

a diskette in

If

stops

on

the

screen.

with

software it

(called ROM, for Read

if

you

wanted

on

diskette because

system, isn 't avail-

equipped

ll

You

computer's

or

part

seldom

work.

with

their

of Frankl in DOS

know

an

Franklin DOS

If

you

want

memory,

command.

same

as

turning

the

of

with

you and

At

to,

own

to

3-16

First,

make

sure

are finished

all operations of the previ

and

the di

sk

drive lights are off.

ous

place the Franklin DOS 2 diskette in drive 1

the

latch.

Now

hold

down the {CTRL)

and ([}'

) keys while you

program

Then

and

close

...._..,.

press

and

computer

release (RESET). This

read

the

diskette in drive

command

1.

makes

the

Making Bootable Diskettes

This is a very powerful all

other

computer

any

programs

in memory

diskette. This feature

programs

or

changing diskettes,

command

processes

with

makes

because it overrides

or

programs. It replaces

the

contents

of

it very useful for

but

it is a

command

the

new

changing

use carefully.

The

reboot application operating

When are

two

different configuration of

whether has

its work types according to somewhat recognize

even

the

software

The first type of diskette is

diskette which you

command program

system to

you

prepare

different types

Franklin DOS 2

own

purpose.

patterns

will lead

technical,

the

practical

if

you

don

't completely

works

is a

convenient

or

to

change

from

another.

diskettes for

you

the

or

As

you

your

needs.

don

't be discouraged. Try to

use

your

can

make. Each

operating

some

other

use

your

to select

If

what

of each kind

understand

like this.

the

"absolute

would

use

for

data

way

to

start an

one

diskette

own

use, there

uses system, DOS,

and

computer

these

different

follows

of

diskette,

how

or

minimum"

storage. This

a

each

your

seems

why

diskette provides a format suitable for receiving data, but

it

has

no boot diskette. program the

se

"absolute

on

operating

The

your

minimum"

system so it

Format selection in

can

't be

the

Franklin DOS 2 diskette

diskettes.

used

as a FUD utility prepares

to

or

Generally, you'll use formatted diskettes for text files as storage diskettes because amount only Franklin DOS 2

of available space

with

some

other commands

they

on

them.

program

or

available to you.

have

the

You'

diskette

largest

ll

use

that

them

makes

or

3-17

The second which

you

to

need

{RESET)

have

an

to

change Franklin a

boot procedure but

doesn't

boot

diskettes by using the INIT

kind

of diskette is the

has

a copy of Franklin DOS 2

use

Franklin DOS 2

them,

but

more importantly,

command

application

to a

DOS

new

2,

the

will

program

program, a

diskette is a quick

won't

work

have

Franklin DOS 2

later.

commands

work

{CTRL)(I1

and

on

a diskette

"boot"

the

with

this diskette.

in

the

new

){RESET)

easy

way

on

command

diskette,

on

it. This allows

whenever

you

{CTRL)(I1)

If

you

computer

and

diskette, or to

command

to

do

it. This

that

is formatted

it. You can make

discussed

.._,

want

with

Boot diskettes are useful for application you

use frequently because they are easy to because Franklin DOS 2 provides management

commands.

programs that

many

useful file

boot

and

The INIT Command

The INIT

command

(short for "initialize")

prepares

blank diskettes for use as boot diskettes. The initializa-

tion process consists of three separate operations,

is

an

automatic process

First,

the

command

that

it clears all the storage space

prepares or

40 track

Next, it specifies a file

a catalog space,

data

storage.

adds

Franklin DOS 2 to the diskette. Last, it

that

that's

formats

and

runs

automatically

easy to do.

the

diskette. This

on

the diskette,

readies the diskette for 35

when

but

means

the

diskette is booted.

Suppose that the could contain a label for the diskette,

you

a file

named

computer

wanted

and

to initialize a blank diskette so

HELLO

ran

booted Franklin DOS

each time

perhaps

you

2.

This file

turned

a

on

it

3-18

command some for instance,

to display

other

useful things. The Franklin DOS 2 diskette,

runs

the

catalog of the diskette,

the HELLO program automatically.

The procedure to create a boot diskette is simple.

1.

Take a blank diskette, or

one

you're

ready erase. Initializing a diskette destroys everything on

it,

even

removed

locked files. Make

the

write-protect tab

sure

and

you've

insert

the

diskette in drive 1.

2.

Type this command:

IN

IT

HELLO

(RETURN)

or

to

Franklin DOS 2 takes care of each different process seconds. INIT chose the wanted track, you

If

would

or,

and

finishes

the

initialization

the

35 track format because

format of the Franklin DOS 2 diskette.

to

use

you

another

would

!NIT

wanted

use

could

to initialize a diskette

this command:

IN

use

!NIT

IT

HELLO,

diskette format,

use this command:

HELLO,

both

T40

D2

command

D2, T40

(RETURN)

parameters together:

in

(RETURN)

step

in

about

15

If

you

such

as 40

drive 2, you

The next step in creating a boatable diskette is to

the

transfer

file HELLO

Franklin DOS 2

supposed process,

to

but

run

it

on

the file HELLO as

can't

the

run

onto

the diskette. Right

new

diskette

a file

that

knows

part

isn't

of

on

it's

the

boot

diskette.

of

the

that's

now

3-19

The next and

tells you to another. But to

do INIT will take a memory program. Franklin BASIC caily other want, they get careful

If

you're

clear

NEW, or memory

chapter

utility

how

a little customizing of

and

What

put

on

program

and

describes Franklin DOS 2

programs

on

the Franklin DOS 2 diskette. It

to copy individual files from one diskette

at

this

point

you have

your

program

put

it onto the diskette as the HELLO

that

program

currently in the

means

is that if

for this

the diskette. Similarly, if

or programs in

put

on the diskette too. Just be a little

be aware of

memory

what's

familiar with BASIC programming,

the'

computer's

by

rebooting the computer. Clearing the

and

transferring the desired

memory

by using the

ually is a more certain procedure You'll

want

to use INIT's automatic load feature

th

e LOAD your of this and

and

own

boot

manual

boot files.

SAVE

commands

files. Refer to

Chapter

for some suggestions

commands

an

opportunity

diskettes, because

computer's

you've

purpose,

written

it's automati-

there's

that

some

you

in memory.

you

command

program

than

using INIT.

of BASIC to create

5,

Franklin BASIC,

on

programming

an

don't

can

individ-

with

3-

20

The Franklin

program a two drive system. you

must

program

DOS 2

DOS 2 COPY

on

the Franklin DOS 2 diskette, works only in

use the COPY selection of

to transfer the files. That

COPY

If

you

Command

command,

don't

like the COPY

have two disk drives,

the

procedure

in the next chapter. It's very similar to the command

To copy drive 1 to the diskette

procedure

that follows.

HELLO from the Franklin DOS 2 diskette in

you've

just

initialized in drive

type the following command:

COPY

HELLO,

02

(RETURN)

FUD utility

is outlined

COPY

2,

If

the destination diskette already contains a file called HELLO, Franklin DOS 2 deletes the file by writing the new

one

over it. At this

with Franklin

DOS 2

point

and

the HELLO file

you

have a new

on

diskette

it.

To verify that all these use a catalog

You

should

the catalog.

command

CATALOG,

see

the

Now

procedures

for the

02

HELLO file listed as the only file in

move the

new

try rebooting with the (CTRL)(

went

as

planned,

new

diskette. Type:

(RETURN)

diskette to drive 1

IY'

)(RESET)

command.

and

3-21

Chapter 4

Franklin DOS 2 Commands And Programs

Franklin DOS 2 Commands

RUN

And

BRUN

Commands

This chapter presents some of the most commonly commands

with Franklin

Franklin DOS 2 com

Technical

discussed here are Franklin Disk Operating System, on

the Franklin DOS 2 diskette with Franklin files.

Franklin most programs. Most operating systems oblige specify you

have BASIC or binary language, format . Each file format command

Traditionally, the

or

BASIC files,

binary files. Franklin DOS 2 takes all

out

of the RUN command abbreviated filename. The Franklin instead of example, you can

and

Franklin utility programs associated

DOS

2.

A detailed listing of all

mand

s is available in

Reference

DOS 2 offers a feature that simplifies using

the

to

for its type of files.

any

Manual. The utility'programs

not

part

of Franklin DOS 2, the

but

the

and

will

DOS 2

type of program

know

RUN command, which is just-

in

managing

you

whether

RUN

and

the

RUN, BRUN, or

run

the program is written in

or

then

requires a specific RUN

command

BRUN

by

substituting a single

DOS 2-command

the HELLO program by typing:

your

want

to

in some

command

EXEC

other

is

reserved for type F

that

command.

the

ACE 2000

y are contained be

used

diskettes

you

run, that

kind

for ty

pe B or

uncertainty

and

may

be

closely

and

the

used

to

is,

of file

used

For

- HELLO

You'll see the same messages

when

you

screen

This

command

lary

and

jargon associated which of the RUN This is especially helpful to people want

or

need

different kinds of files are.

booted the Franklin DOS 2 diskette.

has

eliminated all the technical vocabu-

commands

to

know

with

what

(RETURN)

that

trying to figure

to use with each file.

the

differences between

appeared

who

don

on

the

out

't really

4-1

CATALOG Command

The Franklin DOS 2 CATALOG

know

already. It lists the

contents

command

is

of the diskette

one

you you

specify, along with the space available on the diskette

and

other

useful information.

LOCK UNLOCK Commands

And

Franklin command.

DOS 2 has

You can

an

abbreviation for the CATALOG

just type

I instead of CATALOG.

Try the abbreviation to get a catalog of the diskette in drive 2

The dentally way. All locked. The asterisk in the catalog listing locked

The a file so

You can try Franklin protect tab

Now

by

typing:

LOCK

command

add

to, delete, rename, or change

the

files

stat

us

of the files.

UNLOCK

that

you can make

out

DOS 2 diskette

on

type:

I,

D2 (RETURN)

protects files so you

on

the Franklin DOS 2 diskette are

command

these

removes this protection from

changes

commands

that

doesn't

to it.

with

a copy of the

have a write-

it. Type:

UNLOCK HELLO (RETURN)

I (RETURN)

can't

them

showed

acci-

in

the

any

'-"'

4-2

You'll see that HELLO

no

longer

has

an asterisk in

front of it. You can lock the HELLO file again by

typing:

LOCK HELLO (RETURN)

REN

And RENAME Commands

The RENAME file. Franklin

command

lets

you

DOS 2 lets you abbreviate RENAME to

REN. For example, to change the

BEGINNING

REN

Now

type:

PROGRAM,

HELLO,

you

BEGINNING

I {RETURN)

would

change

name

of HELLO to

type

PROGRAM

the

name

:

{RETURN)

of a

DEL

And

DELETE Commands

to see the

Change

If

you try to FILE file,

(If you

diskette, you were ever

HELLO. HELLO, tant

The DELETE from you

changed

the file back to its original

REN

BEGINNING

error message.

you

have to unlock it first.

remember

the

diskette

If

HELLO

the

to change the file

your

diskettes

catalog.

rename

the INIT

asked

was

isn't

boot

procedure

command

permanently

name

by

typing:

PROGRAM, HELLO {RETURN)

a locked file, you'll get a LOCKED

If

you really

to

booted . The file

on

name

lets you

want

to

procedure

name

to initialize a

a file to

you

the diskette

won't

under

work, so it's impor-

back to HELLO.)

remove

unwanied

rename

run

when-

named

the

. Franklin DOS 2 lets

abbreviate DELETE to DEL. Since Franklin DOS 2 contains no provision for restoring files, be careful when

you use DELETE. All the files

DOS 2 diskette are

tice file to delete,

you

don't

need

needed,

but

the

a test. The form of the

so you

command

on

your

don't

have

is simple

command

Franklin

a prac-

enough

the

was

name

files

is:

DEL f i 1

ename

{RETURN)

4-3

If

you

try to delete a locked file, you'll get a

LOCKED error message.

you

the file,

have to unlock it first.

If

you

really

want

FILE

to delete

INIT Command INIT is the initializing

you

already used in preparing boatable diskettes.

want

to

know

the explicit procedures for using INIT,

refer to the preceding chapter of this manual or the

ACE

2000

COPY

Command

Technical

COPY is the Franklin DOS 2 copy individual files diskettes. The selection in FUD, a

two

disk drive system while the FUD utility

Reference

COPY

though

can use a double or a single drive procedure. Neither of these copy COPY individual utility

commands

and

ONE DRIVE COPY programs which are

programs

diskettes.

command

Manual.

when

you

command

the COPY

should

used

in Franklin DOS 2

command

you used to

prepared boatable

is similar to the

command

be

confused

with

to copy entire

that

If

you

Copy

requires

program

the

4-4

Franklin

DOS

2 Utility Programs

The Franklin DOS

2 COPY

Program

Franklin DOS 2

programs

are different from Franklin DOS 2 commands. Programs are separate files; Franklin DOS 2 Franklin DOS 2 catalog of the diskette, the DOS 2 programs have to DOS 2 - command, while Franklin DOS 2 need for renaming files. ence to command specifically copied onto diskettes, while included automatically

There are a

DOS 2 diskette. You've already

COPY

COPY CP/M, or Pascal) diskette

It

destination diskette formats have diskette in the

commands

programs

a particular kind of

you

whether

or program, except

number

and

ONE DRIVE COPY.

will copy

works

to do is

with

any

any diskette format,

put

other

are always

part

of Franklin DOS

are listed separately

commands

be

executed

command

It

doesn't an

really make a lot of differ-

Franklin DOS 2 function

that

with

Franklin DOS

of utility

programs

used

Franklin DOS 2 (or

on a two

must

be the same. All

the original

drive,

in

and

one

hit the

2.

on

the

are not. Franklin

with

the Franklin

commands

line, as

programs

with

REN

is

have to be

commands

a

are

2.

on

the Franklin

two

of

them,

other

DOS,

disk drive computer.

but

the source

and

you

drive, a blank

proper

key. COPY formats the destination diskette, copies the entire contents of the source diskette verifies

that

the copy is a

good

one.

onto

it,

and

then

The Franklin

DOS 2 ONE DRIVE COPY Program

The

ONE DRIVE COPY

but

it works

works

on

computers

with

any diskette format,

destination diskette formats

program

with

must

is

slowe~

only

one

but

the source

be

the

than

disk drive.

same. performs three functions, formatting, copying, verifying at the same time.

Other

copy programs can copy single files, like

Franklin DOS 2 COPY

programs, like

FUD, can also

command

work

or

FUD's Copy. Some

with

unlike diskette

COPY,

and

It

also

and

the

It

4-5

formats, so

35

from

track to

you

can copy a file (or a whole diskette ) 40

track format diskettes.

FUD-A

General File Management Program

The letters

FUD lets determine if other

To

run

DOS 2 diskette

After a few seconds, you'll see the FUD screen:

FUD

stand

for Franklin Utility for Diskettes.

you

remove

your

mundane

the FUD program, boot a copy of

Franklin

S-Show C-Copy D-Delete L-Lock U-Unlock V-Verify F-Format Q-Quit

unused

files are still readable,

but

essential functions.

and

type:

-FUD (RET

FUD

version

by

MAIN

files

files files diskette

files, make copies of files,

URN)

x.x

Computer

MENU

on

diskette

Corp

and

perform

an

Franklin

opening

.

-

4-6

Please function

This is FUD' s main you. The screen line

now

appear

As

you displayed the function

always lets

use

each of the options, the information

on

this line changes so

you're

pre55

menu,

performing.

letter

desired:

the list of options

where

you

the

know

for

words

what

that

open

MAIN MENU

you're

it

corresponds

doing.

to

---.;

to

To choose one of FUD's options, just

the

left of

the

You

hyphen

don't

have to press (RETURN) to begin

for

the

option

procedure.

type

that

the

you

letter to

want.

the

Diskette Management Commands

Selection F (Format Diskette)

Every diskette you can your

backup diskettes formatted

cally as

part

formatted

functions did formatting as

other

functions

must

use

it. The COPY

be initialized

program

or

formatted before

you

the

diskettes automati-

of the copying procedure. INIT also

the

diskette as

that

part

you may

of its job. Each of those

of a larger task with

not

want

used

or

need.

to make

This formatting command performs only the formatting function .

Formatting prepares a diskette so files

on

it. This option gives

space for a diskette because it

as Franklin formatted diskettes

DOS 2 boot files. The

but

cannot

The F formatting option allows you to choose

diskette format

you

want,

either 35 or 40 track.

you

can store data

you

the maximum storage

adds

no

other

computer

boot from

can

them

files, such

use

.

the

Select F from the MAIN MENU by pressing (F). The screen displays the Format title drive

you

want

to use for

and

asks for

the

formatting operation:

the

disk

FORMAT

Which enter

drive 1,

2,

has or

The Default selection is

and

cursor careful because

ou

used

y

will be chosen if

the

default drive is probably

to

run

the

FUD

diskette

RETURN:

shown

you

program

to

format?

under

the

blinking

press RETURN.

and

probably ,still

the

Be

drive

4-7

contains

opportunity remove FUD

After

your

later to stop the procedure, or you can

your

program

you

respond

Franklin DOS 2 diskette . You have

Franklin DOS 2 diskette

has

been loaded into memory.

with

the disk drive

asks for the diskette format

you

want:

now

, since the

number,

an

FUD

Which

1 )

2)

3)

enter

Press

the

you

want,

2000 Series

FUD

then

What

the

The

volume

on

each diskette

number

disk

35

track, track,

40 40

track,

1,

2,

number

corresponding

either 1 or

Comp~ter

format

or

2. disk drives.

would single single double

3:

Option 3 doesn't

asks for a diskette volume

volume

diskette?

number

is

an

when

it's formatted.

would

enter

identification

can range from 1 to 254,

you sided sided sided

to

the

diskette format

number

you

0 -

254

number

Although

most

people

like?

apply

:

like

:

to ACE

on

placed

the

just

use to avoid confusion because Franklin DOS 2 accepts 0 to mean

any

is

shown

chosen

This

message

volume

under

by

pressing RETURN.

number.

the

blinking cursor, is 0

now

appears

The Default choice,

and

can be

on

the

screen:

which

0

4-8

If

you've

Please formatted then Press

press

changed

place

into

CTRL-C

your

the

slot

RETURN

if

you

mind

diskette

6,

to

continue.

wish

about

to

be

drive

to

#x

quit:

formatting this

diskette, MAIN MENU again. Otherwise, be th

e correct diskette into a diskette destroys all the information idea to see a catalog of each diskette before

you

can hit

{CTRL) C and

the

drive specified. Formatting

you'll see FUD's

sure

that

on

it. It's a

you

the formatting procedure.

When

you're

sure

that everything

is

ready,

press {RETURN). The formatting operation takes abo seconds. You see this message

on

the screen below

previous message:

you

start

ut

put

good

15

the

File

Management

Commands

Formatting

You get this message w

a

diskette,

hen

the

format operation is

finished:

The diskette Press diskette

RETURN

or

has

to

format

CTRL-C

been

to

The diskette is now ready to store

You can press {RETURN) to format

{CTRL)

FUD

C to return to FUD' s MAIN MENU.

has

six file

management

S (show the files

commands:

on

a diskette) C (copy files) 0 (delete files)

L (lock files) U (unlock files) V (verify files)

Each option can operate either groups requires a

name so you

of files. Whenever a file manageme

fil

e name, you can enter e

the

command operates on

can

enter what's know

on

n as an ambiguous file n

relax

a

minute

formatted.

another

exit.

programs or

another

diskette

single files

nt

ith

er

a single file

that

file alone, or

data .

or

o~

on

function

ame

4-9

which can

A file ters ?

acceptable." For instance,

is A?E refers to all file ning APE,

The

OK." name name OLD STUFF

JOHN'SSTUFF,

stand

for a

group

of individual files.

name

is ambiguous if it

or

==

in

it. The ? character

names

with A

and

==

and

ending

AXE,

but

not

character means For example, a file starting

with

the letter A. The hypothethical file

has

either of the charac- -

the

means

ambigu

"any

ous

three characters long begin-

with

E.

It could refer to ACE,

ICE or APPLE.

"any

group

of characters is

name

of A

==

means

JOHN'S== STUFF could refer to files like JOHN'S

or JOHN'S VALUABLE STUFF

in

whi~h

==

refers to

no

characters at

all.

Any

number

as long as

of ?s

and

you

can keep straight

== s c(!n

be used in a file name,

what

the nan•e created really refers to.1t's possible to create ambiguous file than

you ambiguous file name eliminate files

name

intended.

you

that

includes more file

For example,

when

deleting files,

really

wanted

by

using

to save.

an

you

character

file

name

any

file

or

even

you've

an

names

overly

could

.___;

4-10

FUD tries to protect you from ever you question:

use

an

ambiguous file name, FUD

"Ask

before processing each file?" before it

such

begins to execute the command.

question mark will included

in

the

Three options are

appear

to the rig

ambiguous file

open

to you: press Y command will be performed for the

command

press (CTRL) C to

FUD also diskette

you

drive

will not be performed

end

the

command.

usu

ally tries to perform all operations to

in

the

used

last drive

is called

that you specified. The last

the

default drive.

calamities. When-

If

you

answer

ht

of each file

name you

've

and

that

file, press N

on

that

If

poses

the

Y,

''

name

specified.

the

and

file,

or

the

you want

the

command simply type correct drive for

Selection S (Show The Files On The Diskette)

to

,01

use

a diskette or file in

or

,02

after the file

that

file.

another

name

to select the

drive,

This option see

what have this the

other advantage of the Show Files use

ambiguous file

group

is

like the CATALOG command.

files are

command file

on

the diskette,

in

FUD because

management

names

of files so you can

and

it's convenient to

you

commands. The

command

is

to restrict the list to a specific

handle

groups

units.

When

you

select

S,

the screen clears

and

this message:

Show

which

RETURN CTRL-C ESC

for

Defaults:

diskette

file(s)?

for to

abort

help

all

Slot

files

6,

catalog

drive

1,

Start by pressing {RETURN). Disk drive 1 up, since The on you (RETURN). To see all the files

you

names

haven't

of the files

specified

on

anything

the diskette in drive 1

the screen. The display is very similar to the

saw

when

you

typed

I {RETURN)

on

drive

or

2,

type:

It

lets

can

use

other

that

you

of files as

then

displays

volume

should

otherwise.

appear

one

CATALOG

you

could

it

with

can

start

you

0

If

you

all files

the file

type

an

on

the diskette

name

=,

02

ambiguous file

that

you

type is

not

(RETURN)

name,

match

on

FUD will display

that

the diskette, or if

description.

If

no

4-11

files get

match

the

message:

the

ambiguous

*no

files

file

name

found*

description, you'll

-

The (ESC) selection that

reminds

tion parameters,

If

FUD

must

display more files screen bottom is more to come. You can display the rest any

After all sizes is sectors The

appears display. appears

The way.

Selection D (Delete Files)

at

one

of

the

key, or press (CTRL) C to stop the display.

the

files are displayed, the total of all their file

shown,

(256

characters each) remaining

question

.

If

you

If

you

on

the

other

five selections in FUD

on

the

menu

shows a help

you of the rules for file names, identifica-

and

time,

list

that

along

answer

screen.

ambiguous

the

flashing cursor

is displayed as a signal

with

all

N,

Y,

the main

the

number

done?

you're

file

name

than

will fit

appears

of on

asked which files to

menu

work

much

message

symbols.

on

the

at

that

by

pressing

unused

the

diskette .

of FUD

the

there

same

4-12

The D option in

the DELETE section, except file names.

The D option will

do

so, you'll

command

that

get

FUD performs the same function as

described in the Franklin DOS 2

with

D, you can specify

not

delete locked files.

an

error message.

ambiguous

If

you try to

WARNING: command out

entire diskettes this way. FUD will give chance to decide individually so want

to delete

Selection L (Lock Files) Selection

The L

files as the Franklin advantage of

Selection V (Verify Files)

The

V option checks

sure

that read all be

fairly confident

Be

particularly careful

with

ambiguous file names. It's

whether

you

that

file.

U (Unlock Files)

and

U options perform the same functions

the

LOCK

and

you

want

can decide in each case if

UNLOCK options described in

DOS 2 section. The FUD versions

using

they're

your

ambiguous

whatever

still readable.

files

without

that

all the data is still in good

file

files you select to make

If

the FUD

any

errors occurring,

condition.

Selection C (Copy Files)

when

using

easy

the

files displayed

names

.

program

you

this to

wipe

a

really

on

have

you

the

can

The

C option lets

one

diskette to another. You're first asked which files

you

want

to copy .

that

file is copied.

name,

all files

are copied. You're

copy the file number enter pre

You number just

from the

the

appropriate

ss (RETURN).

can

also change

at this point. Should

enter

the

you

copy a file

If

you

enter

If

you

specify

that

or

files to .

match

then

one

the

asked which dri ve

If

you

that

the screen displa ys, simply

number

the

normal

information after

or

group

a single file

an

ambiguous

want

(e.g.

slot

that

ever be necessary,

the

description

to

change

,02)

before

numb

file name. For

of files from

you

er

name,

file

want

the

you

or

volume

only

to

drive

4-13

example, ,S4,D2,V33 slot 4, drive

If

your you're drive, the drive

then

the

2,

volume

source drive,

copying from, is different from the destination

holding

copying process goes

changes.

If

you only have drive as guides but the the

both

you

have to make wrong copy of

one

the source

through

diskette in

the

file

the entire diskette.

would

specify a copy of

33.

the

one

holding

the

diskette

on

disk drive,

and

the destination drive. FUD

the

diskette exchange

sure

you

the

drive. You'll definitely ruin

you're

making,

the diskette

you're

without

you

must

don't

accidentally place

and

the

copying to,

any

specify

procedure,

you

may

file to

diskette

that

ruin

BOOT13 Program

4-14

FUD recognizes all mafically, so format to

another

option C and

the

most

convenient allows the the

entire

name

If

a file

use

contents

to be copied.

with

already exists

already

appears. answer

Y,

If

you

the

Franklin DOS 2 formats auto-

you

can copy from a diskette of

diskette of

the

Franklin DOS 2 COPY

way

of ambiguous

of a diskette by

the

same

name

on

the

destination diskette,

exists,

answer

copy is

N,

made over the old file, deleting it locked.

This utility

13-sector older format diskettes,

Be

careful.

program

allows you to

DOS 3.2 diskettes.

you

one

another

format. In fact,

command

to

do

this. Because FUD

file names, you can copy

using

= as

as the file to be copied

the

message:

replace

no

copy is

and

the

permanently,

boot

If

you

have

can

run

BOOT13 by typing:

it?

made.

new

If

file writes

even

the older format

some

the

you

if it's

of

these

are

file

-BODT1 3 (RETURN)

Then

insert the 13-sector diskette in drive 1

respond

to the screen

prompt

with (RETURN). The

diskette will boot .

and

CHAIN Program The CHAIN

programs must

be in Floating Point BASIC language.

VERIFY

Program mine the integrity of the

The

VERIFY

having difficulty VERIFY

program

is

together into a single program. The

Program reads

using

a particular diskette,

to determine

whether

faulty.

With the Franklin

and

follow the instructions.

data

stored

DIAGNOSTICS The diagnostics Programs l

ems

you

may have

separate diagnostic

DOS 2 diskette in drive

-V

ERIFY

on

the diskette.

programs

with

programs DRIVE, HIRES (high resolution graphics), KEYBOARD, MEMORY, diagnostic tests is

and

PADDLES. Each of these individual

entered

program. Type:

used

by

programmers

an

entire diskette to deter-

data

stored

(RETURN)

VERIFY

are

used

your

on

or

not

the diskette is

will

for analyzing prob-

computer. There are

entitled BASIC, DISK-

through

the DIAGNOSTICS

it.

not

programs

If

you

use

1,

type:

affect

to chain

are

the

Then

select the test you

displayed.

-D

I AGNDST I

CS

want

(RETURN)

from the

menu

4-15

Chapter 5

Franklin BASIC

Writing a some instructions to Franklin DOS 2 com program, alth all

you solve yo

ur Running files, etc. could list of instructions) Programming

Some ability to write programming to go You've with simple cat

ion

the

you along.

On don't a lot of time to it if you

find

problem,

program simply

do

mand

ough

Franklin DOS 2

do

is

type

CATALOG to

more

complicated

need

for more complicated

CATALOG, deleting old files,

be

thought

that

is really a fairly

people

near

your

programs

same

the

have

that

think

that

programs

is a difficult job,

a computer. In fact,

seen

that

there are

ACE 2000 Series

commands.

techniques of

None

other

to become

it's

or

generate

Thousands

are already

of

that

hand,

programming

rewarding

something

means

something. You can

like CATALOG as a

and

you're

using a computer

for it.

menus

involves

an

expert

don't

to

create

giving

run

persona

command

of as a

man

Computer

program

doing

common

They've

and

that's y things

and

written

and

programming

can

programmer

want

your

of

does

it.

As

lized problems,

one

so

they

not

by

thousands

for you.

question

be

to,

but

own solution to a

your

the

computer

think

the

work

you

need

s increases.

renaming

(that is, a

step

at

a time.

experience.

requires

heard

that

're

hesitant

true

at

all.

you

can

do

using

a few

of appli-

They

s to

help

at

fun. You

or

devote

you

might

own

.

of

an

and

to

some

the

use

all.

Franklin BASIC This Programming Franklin BASIC

chapter

remove a little of

suggest

substitute for a course in

tional book

For

those

some

experience in

point

out

tells you a little

a few simple

on

who

a few things

and

Frankl

the

fear of

things

the

subject.

are familiar

programming

you

about

programming

in

DOS 2. programming to do. This

programming

with

need

The

computers

, this

to

know

aim

and

chapter

or

an

and

chapter

about

with

is to

to

cannot

instruc-

have

will

5-1

Franklin BASIC. The details, including listings for Franklin DOS 2 available

in

the

ACE

2000

and

Franklin BASIC, are

Technical

Referenc

the

command

e Manual.

The BASIC

Programming Language

The first language is one

of words. It takes familiar English vocabulary, particular correct

word

and

thing

to recognize is

just

that, a language. The language takes

and

translates it into

ways

with a kind

that

BASIC

another

of grammar

incorrect forms for statements,

programming

word

or

group

uses

that

specifies

and

turns

it

in

it

into computer language.

For instance, a

command

like PRINT is interpreted by BASIC as a series of operations, something like "Search for

the

thing

to be

printed; store it

memory designated

at

the

output

printed

in

this

right time;

location

. Take

the

thing to

part

of memory. Take it from

send

it to

the

printer

in

such

and

such

be

at

the

a format."

The advantage of BASIC as a programming language is

that

it

allows

and

simply write PRINT, a

you

to ignore all those intermediate steps

command

you

understand

as plain English.

Franklin BASIC

Franklin's Franklin BASIC is designed to with

most

common

soft

BASIC

Applesoft

programs. Franklin BASIC differs from

BASIC case letters, which Applesoft doesn't

that

have

control cassette tape drive storage. In all ways, Franklin BASIC same, so will work

any

with

BASIC programs, especially

in that it

supports

does

the

commands

found in Applesoft BASIC

and

Applesoft BASIC are

programs or materials using

the

other.

be

compatible

App

le-

and

displays lower-

not. Franklin BASIC

other

the

one

language

5-2

Unfortunately, ible. There are linked to

other

not

all BASIC languages are so compat-

many

dialects of BASIC,

some

that

are

kinds of hardware, some rhat are from

Using The Franklin Programming Language

BASIC

different manufacturers. In languages some things are the same, like LOAD SAVE

commands. Some things are only slightly different, like using Franklin BASIC.

"?"

Other commands, vary greatly on

the

computer hardware. -

When

you see a BASIC program, or

programs or books

on

the different dialects of

many

of these BASIC

to abbreviate PRINT

in

things, like "clear screen"

depending

BASIC,

BASIC. Use

you

on

the

want

to

should

be

the

same compati-

BASIC

purchase

aware

and

bility criteria that you use for application software.

doesn't

you

typed

thing

that

in

and

in a how

interknow it, or

inds

To program successfully, you have to realize computer preting

that that

your Bill's you

and

Franklin BASIC are very literal

statements. The computer

name

meant

doesn't

to

really have three L's

put

a comma where period. The computer takes things exactly as it f them, so be careful grammar

The sequence.

and

other

key concept in programming is the idea of

Commands

and

follow Franklin BASIC

syntax carefully.

must

be given in order, computer worries a lot about finishing one going

on program do

that

to another, so it

to be

numbered

shortly.

wants

all

commands

in order. You'll learn

and

of

the

a

the

before

to

Creating A

Simple

Program

The only commands,

seen before. Putting the solve a problem is the creative

Try writing a tions exactly as they're given, punctuation

other

thing to programming is learning

and

they're mostly simple

commands

ta~k

simple program. Just follow

without

or typing errors,

and

you'll

words

in

proper

for you.

inserting

do

Make sure you've booted a backup copy of

the

fine.

your

the

you've

order

instruc-

any

to

5-3

Franklin DOS 2 diskette (without a write-protect tab, so you

can write to it) in drive 1 of

your

ACE 2000 Series

Computer.

When

you

see

the

prompt

and

cursor

on

type:

NEW

(RETURN)

The

NEW

command memory Now

10 20

so

type:

PRINT PRINT

you

You can substi

in

marks

Make

the

line 20.

30

PRINT

40

PRINT

sure

you

(D) key . You

"This "Franklin

clears

any

are ready to type

Disk

Belongs

User"

tute your

Then

"Its "(CTRL}

hold

shouldn't

nam

e within

continue typing:

Contents

(D)";

down

the

see anything

programs

in a new

(RETURN)

the

Are"

"CATALOG"

(CTRL) while

quotation marks because (CTRL) (D) is a character. Franklin BASIC

DOS 2

By

typing the (CTRL) (D) in line 40,

that

command,

the rest of

which is CATALOG

the

line is

the

screen,

out

of

program

To"

(RETURN)

quotation

(RETURN)

you

betw

een

non-printing

you

an

Franklin

in

this case.

.

press

the

tell

5-4

That's

your

program.

When

cursor, type LIST to see

the

screen. Retype

a~y

type:

to RUN commands if

you

the

program. It's fun to see

want

produce

to

a customized diskette title,

print

it.

you

what

you've

line

that

contains

- (RETURN)

see

the

typed

how

prompt

appear on

an

error,

these

and

then

simple

or

label

To store this program (using

the

name

A BASIC PROGRAM), type:

on

the

Franklin

DOS

2 diskette

SAVE A BAS I C

You'll see when

Your program will

the

disk drive

prompt

and

LIST

reappear, memory. Also, Franklin and

stored it

on

the Franklin DOS 2 diskette.

type:

SAVE ANOTHER

This

command diskette. It are

two

identical programs

their

names

When

the

The CATALOG A

BASIC

PROGRAM stored

saves the identical program

doesn

't

matter to Franklin DOS 2

are different.

prompt

and

command

PROGRAM

and

on

PROGRAM

work

for a few seconds.

(RETURN)

cursor reappear, type:

(RETURN)

so

you

know

it's still in

DOS 2 :has saved a

BASIC

cursor

I (RETURN)

PROGRAM

on

the diskette, as long

reappear

shows

the diskette

(RETURN)

, type:

ANOTHER BASIC

it.

Now

type:

copy

Now

on

the

that

has

Then

of it

there

as

both

NEW (RETURN) LI

ST (RETURN)

The NEW

memory, so

and

command

nothing

has

the

LIST

command

appeared. To

removed the

had

no

put

the

program

memory again, you have to read it from

Type:

program

back in

the

diskette.

from

to list,

5-5

LOAD A BAS I C LIST

(RETURN)

And

your

program is b.ack in memory. wanted Franklin DOS 2 (RETURN)) to want memory with the

to

run

the program, you could have

command (-A BASIC PROGRAM

run

it directly from the diskette.

to change the program, you have to load it into

LOAD command.

PROGRAM

(RETURN)

If

you only

This exercise has given you some idea about

program is constructed. First, you've

between

ence temporary, learned NEW, LOAD, SAVE, iarity with using DOS 2

commands

having a program

and

having it stored

how

to use the Franklin BASIC

~

and

LIST.

PRINT statements

in programs.

seen

the differ-

in

memory, ·where it's

on

the diskette. You've

commands

You have a little famil-

and

using Franklin

used

If

how

an

you

a

_

..

.

5-6

You've also plays numbers

an

important

you

seen

put

how

the structure of the program

part

in

its operation. The line

on

the left side of

the

line give correct sequence of operation of the program commands it

out correct order proper nique useful to programmers is having a

one line refer to commands ation

If

you fussy Franklin BASIC is ments

.

If

you

wanted

of sequence with a line

and

Franklin

place

when

you

to

BASIC

gave a

add

a line, you could type

number

LIST

that

showed

would

place it

command. A tech-

command

an

earlier line,

that

process data

at

the computer's speed.

made

any

typing mistakes, you've also

that

thus

creating a loop of

through

the

same oper-

the grammar of

is correct. The SYNTAX ERROR reply is very

familiar to programmers.

This example

showed

Franklin DOS 2 are related

you

how

Franklin BASIC

and

interconnected,

seen

your

and

but

the

in

state-

its

the

in

how

still

separate parts of Franklin DOS 2 BASIC,

but

it

must

the

computer's

command

is permitted in Franklin

be identified as such.

operations. Using

an

Some

Programming

Suggestions

You

may

think

that

this little program is really too simple for a

handy

display-just

or

in

Next, program as is name it HELLO (deleting the first) Franklin

any

practiCal use,

tool. You can see

change the PRINT lines, either

content, to say

when

you

create boatable diskettes,

your

HELLO program. All

and

put

it

on

DOS 2 will

but

how

whatever

the diskette

run

it each time

it

can be modified into

to change

the

in

you want.

use

you

have to

other

HELLO

when

you initialize it.

the

diskette is

booted.

A further refinement is to use this little another

program,

such

as

an

application

program

program particular diskette, or a function key definition program. In this case, sequence to identify

an

Franklin DOS 2 instead of CATALOG, the thing like way you could load

"-A

Function Key Definition

your

would

command

function key definitions for

use the

{CTRL)

command,

could be some-

Program."

you

each diskette automatically each time Franklin boots the diskette. Refer to some suggestions

on

such a program.

Chapter

6,

Function

.actual

number

this little

do

program

to

run

on

{D)

but

This

DOS 2

Keys,

a

for

This introduction to programming has taken a which was simple you

how

effective it can be

your

computer. Of course there

Franklin BASIC

this exercise should

in

design

and

to writing programs

show

and

in

you

the

execution

way

is

much

how

easy

and

you operate

more to

than

and

programming can be.

program

shown

this,

but

rewarding

5-7

Special

2000 Series

Computer Programming Features

ACE

The Franklin ACE special features easier for you. In addition to the Franklin BASIC number

of special keys

2000

Series

Computer

that

make programming a little bit

user

features in

and

Franklin DOS

on

the keyboard which are

2,

there

has some

an~

a

useful for BASIC program editing, specifically those

on

special keys marked

the numeric keypad.

These editing functions for BASIC programs are

is

the enhanced video software, which detail in

Chapter

7,

The

Display.

The editing functions

discussed in

part

of

of the special keys are listed below .

One Key Editing Commands

The special editing keys are located

on

the numeric

pad.

when

The keys are active as editing keys LOCK

key is off, ·

ware is activated. The

activated by

which can be

command marked

PR

on

and

when

the

enhanced

turning

done

#3

on

80

with

(RETURN). These

function key

video software can be

column

keytops in the cursor keypad

mode

the NUM

video soft-

video display,

F3,

or the

commands

where

are

they are convenient for editing. In a way, these keys are like special function keys in

but

tions only

RUN

This

they are different because they are functional

when

the

enhanced

Run A Program

command

is a one key command identical to

Franklin DOS 2-command

that

they have special defini-

video software is active.

or the Franklin BASIC RUN

the

command.

5-8

LIST List A Program

This

command

program

is a one key command to display

listing.

the

ENTER

Return

This command

CLRS

This command clears the entire screen

cursor to the

HOME

This command moves the cursor to the which is the first column of the first line.

CLRL

This command clears the entire line designated by the cursor position. The cursor position itself is unaffected.

INSC

This command inserts a space character

cursor position one position to the right to make characters affected. line,

that

is

the same as the RETURN key.

Clear The Screen

and

moves the

home

position, column one of line one.

Home The Cursor

home

Clear The Line

Insert A Character

at

the current

and

pushes

to

the right of

If

there is a character in the last column of

character is lost.

other

characters room

the

cursor column are

on

for it. Only

position,

the

line

the

DELC

This command deletes the character cursor position side

one

space from the right to close

space character appears

CPES

This

command

has a very specialized operation. This

Delete A Character

and

moves all the columns

in

the last column of the line.

Copy Entire Screen Line

is useful

in

editing BASIC

at

the current

on

up

the line. A

programs

command

the right

and

sends

5-9

all the characters on the cursor line to the current program for processing or execution. This is to moving the cursor to the

end

of the line

equ~valent

and

then

hitting (RETURN). The CPES command works regard-

on

less of the cursor position

the line.

~

CPES is designed for editing Suppose

you

had

typed mistake in it. First, you the escape mode cursor section of the line that the changes with the INSC

BASIC

statements.

a line of a program

would

movement

needed

LIST

correction,

and

DELC keys.

the line,

keys to locate the

that

then

When

make

changes are complete, just press CPES. The correc line

is

sent

to BASIC with a (RETURN)

without

any

additional cursor movement required.

If

you

use

the

CPES command

80

characters are used), you may notice

all

on

character CPES executes.

the line is cleared to a space character

Don't

worry, this is only the display

on

a full line (all

that

40

the last

screen's processing of the command . The correct

complete line was

sent

to the

running

program.

had

a

use

the

ted

or

after

~

'--./

and

5-10

Chapter 6

Function Keys

ACE that Keys, or and

2000

Series Computers have twelve special keys

are sometimes called Function Keys, Programmable

User Defined Keys. They are labelled

are located at

the

top

of the keyboard.

Fl

to

F12

Using The Function Keys

These keys are called programmable because

them

any

give "programmable" implies a little more effort required to tion keys because they can perform a as a command, or instead of a single character or control code like the other

keys

Using a function key is like using you produce the key definition instead of acter. The function keys have definitions assigned to them

that

DOS 2 diskette.

the

boot already,

appear catalog of the diskette displayed. You guessed that the function key definition {RETURN} executed automatically, appear

on

definition

enter

your

on

the keyboard.

are

entered

To

Franklin DOS 2 diskette if

and

press

the cursor line,

since the CATALOG

the

screen.

you

want,

though

definitions. They are called func-

"function,"

enter

several characters

any

other

each time you boot the Franklin

see

how

the

function keys work,

you

Fl.

You'll see

CATALOG,

and

even

D1

then

command

though

you'll see

may

(RETURN)

you the than

at

once

key except

the

key char-

haven't

the

have

included

was

can

word

is

such

done

doesn't

so

That's all there is to using a function key. Just press key

and

it works as if you

that

make

up

its definition. The list of definitions follows own

definitions are given later in this chapter.

There is a caution about using the function keys you

should

know

and

about. The function key definitions

had

typed

in

the

characters

the

assigned

instructions for entering

your

that

the

6-1

are stored memory always work correctly BASIC, or However, if application program which uses its

system, or unavailable because of that program's use of memory. In these cases the function keys generate strange (or them. The function keys also generate strange characters ALT keys.

If

you start DOS 2 diskette, or tions loaded for some reason, pressing the function keys simply produces a space, just as if pressed

on

the Franklin DOS 2 diskette

each time you boot the diskette. They will

when

Franklin DOS 2, Franklin

the

MONITOR program are running.

you

run

another program,

the

function key definitions may be destroyed

"garbage") characters

when

you

use

them

together with the

the

computer

the space bar of the keyboard.

without

don't

have the Function Key defini-

perhaps

own

when

booting

operating

you press

you

and

CTRL

the

had

read into

an

and

Franklin

Default Function Key Definitions

6-2

The Franklin

tions for loaded each time you boot the diskette. The definitions

are:

Key

CATALOG,Dl Catalog of drive 1

Fl

F2

F3 F4 F5 F6

F7

F8

DOS 2 diskette contains a set of defini-

the

function keys in the start

Definition Description

(RETURN)

CATALOG,D2 Catalog of drive 2

{RETURN)

PR#3

{RETURN) Turn

PR#l

{RETURN)

{ESC)

4 Switch from

{ESCj 8 Switch from

COPY Copy a diskette file TYPE

Turn on printer

List a diskette file

on

up

80

columns

80

40

file

output to to

that

40

columns

80

columns

is

-------

'-..J

F9

LOCK

FlO

UNLOCK

Fll

DELETE

F12

RENAME

Note

that

(RETURN)

single keys,

not

the spelled

Lock a diskette file Unlock a diskette file Delete a diskette file Rename a diskette file

and

(ESC)

out commands. The definitions are case letters ,

jus

t as well as lowercase letters.

commands

but

Franklin DOS 2 could process

that

require (RETURN) for execution included in their definition. For require additional supply instance,

the

additional information

the

input

command

, like COPY,

line

in

the definitions are

versions

shown here

Note

other

also

commands

you

and

(RETURN

of

the

that

have

in

upperthem

the

have

that

to

).

For

it

Programming The Function

Keys

COPY

would

be

typed:

The operation of the Franklin DOS 2 selves are given Chapter

7,

The

concerned, all

produces nition

It's

whenever

easy

to

the

put your own definitions

filename,

F7

f i 1

in

Chapter

Display.

you

have to

sequence

it

is

pressed

ename,

As far

remember

of

characters

02

(RETURN)

02

(RETURN)

commands

3,

Franklin

as

the function keys

is

shown

.

on

keys. There is a specia l Franklin BASIC

FKEY, time tion key

For instance, to clear

to

do

it for yo

you

see

number

programs

u.

You

the ] prompt.

and

definition

FKEY

number,

program

from

key F7 to

memory, you

can

use

The

command in

this form:

"definition"

enter a command would

this

DOS 2,

that

the

in

the

function

command,

command

has

type:

them-

and

key

the

are

defi-

any

func-

to

6-3

FKEY

7,

"NEW"

+ CHRH13>

(RETURN)

FKEY

In this definition NEW is

the

BASIC CHR$(13) is the BASIC representation for CTRL M, which is keystroke for execution of the

You might name or

8,

"Donaudampffahrtschiffsleutenantsassistenten"

which

A previous definition . The total all function key definitions is 233, Franklin BASIC you destroy

RETURN. The second (RETURN) is

FKEY

want

to use one of the function keys for a

number

would

new

definition for a key automatically replaces

you used frequently,

save you a lot of typing.

number

but

exceed

the

doesn't

233

characters

contents

check this

in

and

/or the

number

your definitions you'll

numbering

definitions.

There are a few more remarks know

a little about programming. The

is

unique the Franklin ACE ments

to Franklin BASIC

2000

for

the

FKEY

Series computers. The argu-

command are

needed

and

is

any numeric expression in the range 1 to 12, BASIC string expression for the definition. For instance,

command

and

the

command

such

.

as:

of characters for be aware

for

you

of all the

for users FKEY

command

used

specifically for

valid BASIC

and

any

the

that

.

who

valid

If

r---.

Using A Start Up File

6-4

FKEY

is equivalent to:

A$="Make

x=

3•2

FKEY

When asks

you

initialize a

you

to name a start

6,

X,

A$+B$+C$

"Make

":B$="my

new

diskette the INIT

up

file

my

day!"

":C$="day!"

that

will

run

command

automati-

Franklin ACE2000, ACE2100, ACE2200 User's Reference Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Getting Started

The Keyboard

Franklin DOS 2 Commands And Programs

Franklin BASIC

Function Keys