Fluke 77-4 User manual

Model 77 Series IV

Digital Multimeter

Users Manual

®

PN 2695884
September 2006

© 2006 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in USA
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

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Table of Contents

Title Page

Contacting Fluke...................................................................................................................... 1

Warning and Caution Statements............................................................................................ 1

Unsafe Voltage ........................................................................................................................1

Test Lead Alert ........................................................................................................................1

Battery Saver (Sleep Mode) .................................................................................................... 2

Terminals .................................................................................................................................2

Rotary Switch Positions ........................................................................................................... 2

Display .....................................................................................................................................3

MIN MAX AVG Recording Mode .............................................................................................4

AutoHOLD Modes.................................................................................................................... 4

YELLOW Button ...................................................................................................................... 4

Display Backlight ..................................................................................................................... 4

Manual Ranging and Autoranging........................................................................................... 5

Power-Up Options ................................................................................................................... 5

Making Basic Measurements .................................................................................................. 6

Measuring AC and DC Voltage ..........................................................................................6

Measuring Resistance ........................................................................................................ 6

Measuring Capacitance...................................................................................................... 6

Testing for Continuity..........................................................................................................7

Testing Diodes.................................................................................................................... 7

Measuring AC or DC Current .............................................................................................8

Measuring Frequency.........................................................................................................8

Using the Bar Graph ................................................................................................................ 9

Cleaning...................................................................................................................................9

Testing the Fuses ....................................................................................................................9

Replacing the Battery and Fuses ............................................................................................10

Specifications........................................................................................................................... 11

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To avoid possible electrical shock or personal injury, follow these guidelines:

⇒ Use the Meter only as specified in this manual or the protection provided by the Meter might be impaired.
⇒ Do not use the Meter or test leads if they appear damaged, or if the Meter is not operating properly. If in doubt, have the

Meter serviced.

⇒ Always use the proper terminals, switch position, and range for measurements.
⇒ Verify the Meter's operation by measuring a known voltage.
⇒ Do not apply more than the rated voltage, as marked on the Meter, between the terminals or between any terminal and earth

ground.

⇒ Use caution with voltages above 30 V ac rms, 42 V ac peak, or 60 V dc. These voltages pose a shock hazard.
⇒ Disconnect circuit power and discharge all high-voltage capacitors before testing resistance, continuity, diodes, or

capacitance.

⇒ Do not use the Meter around explosive gas or vapor.
⇒ When using the test leads, keep your fingers behind the finger guards.
⇒ Remove test leads from the Meter before opening the Meter case or battery door.

B
F

F
B

J

W

b

s

#

AC (Alternating Current)
DC (Direct Current)

DC/AC

Earth ground
Important Information; see manual

Battery (Low battery when shown on
display)

Inspected and licensed by TÜV
(Technischer Überwachungs Verein)
Product Services

VDE (Verband Deutscher Electroniker)

XW

Warning. Read before using the Meter

Symbols

I

P

$

T

X
!

;

N10140

Fuse
Conforms to European Union directives

Canadian Standards Association

Double insulated
Hazardous Voltage

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
Meter in accordance with IEC 61010-1. 54CJ
Conforms to relevant Australian standards

ii

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Model 77 Series IV

Digital Multimeter

The Fluke Model 77 Series IV is a battery-powered, average
responding-rms indicating multimeter (hereafter "the Meter"), with
a 6000-count, 3 3/4-digit display, and a bar graph.

This meter meets CAT III and CAT IV IEC 61010 standards. The
IEC 61010 safety standard defines four measurement categories
(CAT I to IV) based on the magnitude of danger from transient
impulses. CAT III meters are designed to protect against transients
in fixed-equipment installations at the distribution level; CAT IV
meters are designed to protect against transients from the primary
supply level (overhead or underground utility service).

The Meter measures or tests the following:

♦ AC / DC voltage & current ♦ Diodes
♦ Resistance ♦ Continuity
♦ Voltage frequency ♦ Capacitance

Warning and Caution Statements

A XWWarning identifies hazardous conditions and actions that
could cause bodily harm or death.

A Caution identifies conditions and actions that could damage the
Meter, the equipment under test, or cause permanent loss of data.

Unsafe Voltage

To alert you to the presence of a potentially hazardous voltage,
when the Meter detects a voltage ≥30 V or a voltage overload
(OL), the

Ysymbol is displayed.

Test Lead Alert

To remind you to check that the test leads are in the correct
terminals,
rotary switch to or from the mA or A position.

Attempting to make a measurement with a test lead in
an incorrect terminal might blow a fuse, damage the
Meter, and cause serious personal injury.

is momentarily displayed when you move the

LEAd

W Warning

1

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Model 77 Series IV

Users Manual

Battery Saver (Sleep Mode)

The Meter enters the "Sleep" mode and blanks out the display if
there is no function change or button press for 20 minutes. To
disable the Sleep mode, hold down the yellow button while turning
the Meter on. The Sleep mode is always disabled in the MIN MAX
AVG mode and the AutoHOLD mode.

Terminals

.

1

V

FUSED

2

Item Description

Input terminal for AC and DC milliamp measurements to

1

400 mA.
Input terminal for AC and DC current measurements to

2

10 A.
Input terminal for voltage, continuity, resistance, diode

3

test, capacitance, and frequency measurements.
Common (return) terminal for all measurements.

4

3

4

AIK01F.EPS

Rotary Switch Positions

Switch

Position

AC voltage from 0.001 to 1000 V.

K

Hz

m

E
R

G

F

mA

F

BA

Frequency from 2 Hz to 99.99 kHz.
DC voltage from 1 mV to 1000 V.

L

DC mV from 0.1 mV to 600 mV.

L

Ohms from 0.1 Ω to 50 MΩ.

e

Farads from 1 nF to 9999 μF.
Beeper turns on at <25 Ω and turns off at >250 Ω.

Diode test. Displays OL above 2.4 V.

B

AC mA from 0.01 mA to 400 mA.
DC mA from 0.01 mA to 400 mA.

AC A from 0.001 A to 10 A.
DC A from 0.001 A to 10 A

>10.00 display flashes.
>20 A, OL is displayed.

Measurement Function

2

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Display

Display

.

5

4

3

2

1

13

12

14

6

11

No. Symbol Meaning

1

s

2

O

3

K

4

Y

h

5

6

m

MAX , MIN,
AVG

7

nμ F, mVA,
Mke, kHz

Continuity test.
Diode test.
Negative readings.
Unsafe voltage. Voltage ≥30 V, or

voltage overload (OL)
AutoHOLD is enabled. Display holds

present reading until it detects new
stable input. Then the Meter beeps
and displays new reading.

MIN MAX AVG enabled.
Maximum, minimum, average, or

present reading.
Measurement units.

10

7

8

7

9

15

AIK02F.EPS

No. Symbol Meaning

8
9

10
11
12

13
14

15

DC, AC

b

610000mV
Bar graph

Auto Range

Manual Range

±

0L
LEAd

Direct current, alternating current.
Low battery. Replace battery.

All possible ranges.
Analog display.
The Meter selects the range with

the best resolution.
The user selects the range.
Bar graph polarity.

The input out of range.
WTest lead alert. Displayed when

the rotary switch is moved to or from
the mA or A position.

Error Messages
bAtt
diSC

Replace the battery immediately.
In the capacitance function, too much electrical

charge is present on the capacitor being tested.

EEPr

Invalid EEPROM data. Have Meter serviced.

Err
CAL

Invalid calibration data. Calibrate Meter.

Err

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Model 77 Series IV

Users Manual

MIN MAX AVG Recording Mode

The MIN MAX AVG recording mode captures the minimum and
maximum input values, and calculates a running average of all
readings. When a new high or low is detected, the Meter beeps.

Note

For dc functions, accuracy is the specified accuracy of the
measurement function
275 ms in duration.

For ac functions, accuracy is the specified accuracy of the
measurement function

1.2 s in duration.

To use MIN MAX AVG recording:
⇒ Make sure that the Meter is in the desired measurement

function and range. (Autoranging is disabled in the MIN MAX
AVG mode.)

⇒ Press MIN MAX to activate MIN MAX AVG mode.

m and MAX light, and the highest reading detected
since entering MIN MAX AVG is displayed.

⇒ Press MIN MAX to step through the low (MIN), average

(AVG), and present readings.

⇒ To pause MIN MAX AVG recording without erasing stored

values, press HOLD. h is displayed.
To resume MIN MAX AVG recording, press HOLD again.

h turns off.

⇒ To exit and erase stored readings, press MIN MAX for 1

second or turn the rotary switch.

±

12 counts for changes longer than

±

40 counts for changes longer than

AutoHOLD Modes

XWWarning

To avoid electric shock, do not use the AutoHOLD mode
to determine if a circuit is live. Unstable or noisy
readings will not be captured.

In the AutoHOLD mode, the Meter holds the reading on the display
until it detects a new stable reading. Then the Meter beeps, and
displays the new reading.

⇒ Press HOLD to activate AutoHOLD. h lights.
⇒ Press HOLD again or turn the rotary switch to resume normal

operation.

YELLOW Button

Press the yellow button to select alternate measurement functions
on a rotary switch setting, e.g., to select DC mA, DC A, Hz,
capacitance, or diode test.

Display Backlight

Press S to toggle the backlight on and off. The backlight
automatically turns off after 2 minutes.

4

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Manual Ranging and Autoranging

Manual Ranging and Autoranging

The Meter has both Manual range and Autorange modes.
⇒ In the Autorange mode, the Meter selects the range with the

best resolution.

⇒ In the Manual Range mode, you override Autorange and select

the range yourself.

When you turn the Meter on, it defaults to Autorange and Auto
Range is displayed.

1. To enter the Manual Range mode, press RANGE.
Manual Range is displayed.

2. In the Manual Range mode, press RANGE to increment the

range. After the highest range, the Meter wraps to the lowest
range.

Note

You cannot manually change the range in the MIN MAX
AVG mode.

If you press RANGE while in MIN MAX
beeps, indicating an invalid operation, and the range does
not change.

3. To exit Manual Range, press RANGE for 1 second or turn the

rotary switch.

The Meter returns to Autorange and Auto Range is displayed.

AVG, the Meter

Power-Up Options

To select a Power-Up Option, hold down the button indicated while
turning the Meter on.

Power-Up Options are cancelled when the Meter is turned OFF.

Button Power-Up Options

Turns on all display segments when in VAC switch

H
M

R

B

(YELLOW)

S

position.
Disables beeper. bEEP is diplayed when enabled.

Enables "Smoothing" mode. '___ is displayed when
enabled.

Dampens display fluctuations of rapidly changing
inputs by digital filtering.

Disables automatic power-down ("Sleep mode").
PoFF is displayed when enabled

Sleep mode is also disabled while the Meter is in a
MIN MAX AVG Recording mode, or the AutoHOLD
mode.

Disables automatic 2-minute backlight timeout.
LoFF is displayed when enabled.

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Model 77 Series IV

Users Manual

Making Basic Measurements

The figures on the following pages show how to make basic
measurements.

When connecting the test leads to the circuit or device, connect
the common (COM) test lead before connecting the live lead;
when removing the test leads, remove the live lead before
removing the common test lead.

XWWarning

To avoid electric shock or injury, or damage to the
Meter, disconnect circuit power and discharge all high­voltage capacitors before testing resistance, continuity,
diodes, or capacitance.

Measuring AC and DC Voltage

Volts AC

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

V

V

Volts DC

MIN MAX

+

Millivolts DC

RANGEHOLD

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

mV

_

+

AIK03F.EPS

Measuring Resistance

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

AIK04F.EPS

Measuring Capacitance

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

_

+

_

+

AIK05F.EPS

6

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Making Basic Measurements

Testing for Continuity

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

Testing Diodes

Good Diode Good Diode

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

AIK06F.EPS

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

+

Forward Bias

Bad Diode

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

CAT

+

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

__

+

Single Beep

Reverse Bias

Bad Diode

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

_

+

_

and

Open

Shorted

AIK07F.EPS

7

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Model 77 Series IV

Users Manual

Measuring AC or DC Current

XWWarning

To avoid personal injury or damage to the Meter:

• Never attempt to make an in-circuit current measure-

ment when the open-circuit potential to earth ground
is >1000 V.

• Check the Meter's fuses before testing. (See “Testing

the Fuses”.)

• Use the proper terminals, switch position, and range

for your measurement.

• Never place the probes in parallel with a circuit or

component when the leads are plugged into the
current terminals.

Turn power OFF, break circuit, insert Meter in series, turn power
on.

DC

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

mA

+

+

A

CAT
CAT

AIK08F.EPS

Measuring Frequency

XWWarning

To avoid electrical shock, disregard the bar graph for
frequencies >1 kHz. If the frequency of the measured
signal is >1 kHz, the bar graph is unspecified.

The Meter measures the frequency of a signal. The trigger level is
0 V ac for all ranges.

AC Voltage Frequency

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

Hz

V

+

⇒ To exit frequency, press yellow button or turn the rotary

switch.

⇒ In frequency, the bar graph shows the ac voltage accurately

up to 1 kHz.

⇒ Select progressively lower ranges using manual ranging for a

stable reading.

EOM09F.EPS

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Using the Bar Graph

Using the Bar Graph

The bar graph is like the needle on an analog Meter. There is an
overload indicator (►) to the right, and a polarity indicator (±) to the
left.

Because the bar graph is much faster than the digital display, the
bar graph is useful for making peak and null adjustments, and for
observing rapidly changing inputs.

The bar graph is disabled when measuring capacitance. In
frequency, the bar graph accurately indicates the voltage or
current up to 1 kHz.

The number of lit segments indicates the measured value and is
relative to the full-scale value of the selected range.

For example, in the 60 V range (see below), the major divisions on
the scale represent 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 V. An input of −30 V
lights the negative sign and the segments up to the middle of the
scale.

AIK11F.EPS

Cleaning

Wipe the case with a damp cloth and mild detergent. Do not use
abrasives or solvents. Dirt or moisture in the terminals can affect
readings.

Testing the Fuses

XWWarning

To avoid electrical shock or injury, remove the test
leads and any input signals before replacing the fuse.

Test fuses as shown below.

Ω

<12

MIN MAX

RANGEHOLD

V

<0.5

OK

11 A 440 mA

OKOK

OK

AIK12F.EPS

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Model 77 Series IV

Users Manual

Replacing the Battery and Fuses

XWWarning

To avoid shock, injury, or damage to the Meter:

• Use ONLY fuses with the amperage, interrupt,

voltage, and speed ratings specified. Disconnect test
leads before opening case.

I

B1

F1

F2

F1 Fuse, 440 mA, 1000 V, FAST Fluke PN 943121
F2 Fuse, 11 A, 1000 V, FAST Fluke PN 803293
B1 Battery, 9 V Alkaline,

NEDA 1604 / 1604A

10

Fluke PN 614487

b

AIK13F.EPS

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Specifications

Specifications

Accuracy is specified for 1 year after calibration, at operating temperatures of 18 °C to 28 °C, with relative humidity at 0 % to 90 %. Accuracy
specifications take the form of the following calculations:

Maximum voltage between any
terminal and earth ground: 1000

Surge Protection: 8 kV peak per IEC 61010

W Fuse for mA inputs:
W Fuse for A input:

Display: Digital: 6000 counts, updates 4/sec

Altitude: Operating: 2000 m; Storage: 12,000 m
Temperature: Operating: −10 °C to +50 °C;

Temperature coefficient: 0.1 X (specified accuracy) / °C

Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EN 61326-1:1997):

Relative Humidity: Maximum, noncondensing

Battery Life: Alkaline: 400 hrs typical
Size (H x W x L): 4.3 cm x 9 cm x 18.5 cm
Weight: 420 g
Safety Compliances: ANSI/ISA S82.02.01, CSA C22.2-1010.1, IEC 61010 to 1000 V Measurement Category III, 600 V Measurement

Certifications: CSA, TÜV (EN61010), UL, P,

440 mA, 1000 V FAST Fuse
11 A, 1000 V FAST Fuse

Bar Graph: 33 segments; updates 32/sec
Frequency: 10,000 counts
Capacitance: 1,000 counts

Storage: −40 °C to +60 °C

(<18 °C or >28 °C)

In an RF field of 3 V/M, accuracy = specified accuracy.

90 % to 35 °C
75 % to 40 °C;
45 % to 50 °C

Category IV

± ( [ % of Reading ] + [ Counts ] )

; (N10140),VDE

11

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Model 77 Series IV

Users Manual

Function

AC Volts (Average
responding)

6.000 V

60.00 V

600.0 V
1000 V

Range Resolution Accuracy ± ( [ % of Reading ] + [ Counts ] )

0.001 V

0.01 V

0.1 V
1 V

2.0 % + 2
(45 Hz to 1 kHz)

DC mV 600.0 mV 0.1 mV 0.3 % + 1
DC Volts 6.000 V

60.00 V

600.0 V
1000 V

Continuity 600 Ω 1 Ω Meter beeps at <25 Ω, beeper turns off at >250 Ω;

Ohms

600.0 Ω

6.000 kΩ

60.00 kΩ

600.0 kΩ

6.000 MΩ

50.00 MΩ

0.001 V

0.01 V

0.1 V
1 V

0.1 Ω

0.001 kΩ

0.01 kΩ

0.1 kΩ

0.001 MΩ

0.01 MΩ

0.3 % + 1

detects opens or shorts of 250 μs or longer.

0.5 % + 2

0.5 % + 1

0.5 % + 1

0.5 % + 1

0.5 % + 1

2.0 % + 1
Diode test 2.400 V 0.001 V 1 % + 2
Capacitance

AC Amps (Average
responding)

[1] In the 9999 μF range for measurements to 1000 μF, the measurement accuracy is 1.2 % + 2.
[2] Amps input burden voltage (typical): 400 mA input 2 mV/mA, 10 A input 37 mV/A.
[3] 400.0 mA accuracy specified up to 600 mA overload.
[4] >10 A unspecified.

[2]

1000 nF

10.00 μF

100.0 μF
9999 μF

60.00 mA

400.0 mA

6.000 A

[4]

10.00 A

1 nF

0.01 μF

[1]

[3]

0.1 μF
1 μF

0.01 mA

0.1 mA

0.001 A

0.01 A

1.2 % + 2

1.2 % + 2

1.2 % + 2

10 % typical

2.5 % + 2

(45 Hz to 1 kHz)

12

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Specifications

Function

DC Amps

Hz
(ac voltage input )

MIN MAX AVG For dc functions, accuracy is the specified accuracy of the measurement function ±12 counts for changes longer than

[3]

[1][ 2]

60.00 mA

400.0 mA

6.000 A

10.00 A

99.99 Hz

999.9 Hz

9.999 kHz

99.99 kHz

275 ms in duration.
For ac functions, accuracy is the specified accuracy of the measurement function ±40 counts for changes longer than

1.2 s in duration.

[1] Frequency is specified from 2 Hz to 99.99 kHz.
[2] Below 2 Hz, the display shows zero Hz.
[3] Amps input burden voltage (typical): 400 mA input 2 mV/mA, 10 A input 37 mV/A.
[4] 400.0 mA accuracy specified up to 600 mA overload.
[5] >10 A unspecified.

Range Resolution Accuracy ± ( [ % of Reading ] + [ Counts ] )

[4]

[5]

0.01 mA

0.1 mA

0.001 A

0.01 A

0.01 Hz

0.1 Hz

0.001 kHz

0.01 kHz

1.5 % + 2

0.1 % + 1

13

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Model 77 Series IV

Users Manual

Function Overload Protection

Input Impedance

(Nominal)

Common Mode Rejection Ratio

(1 kΩ Unbalanced)

Normal Mode Rejection

[1]

Volts AC 1000 V >10 MΩ <100 pF >60 dB @ dc, 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Volts DC 1000 V >10 MΩ <100 pF >120 dB @ dc, 50 Hz or 60 Hz >60 dB @ 50 Hz or 60 Hz
mV 1000 V

Open Circuit Test

Ohms/Capacitance 1000 V
Continuity/Diode test 1000 V

7

[1] 10
[2] For circuits <0.3 A short circuit. 660 V for high energy circuits.

V-Hz maximum.

[2]

>10 MΩ <100 pF >120 dB @ dc, 50 Hz or 60 Hz >60 dB @ 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Voltage

[2]

<8.0 V dc <660 mV dc <4.6 V dc <1.1 mA

[2]

<8.0 V dc 2.4 V dc <1.1 mA

Full Scale Voltage To:

6.0 MΩ 50 MΩ

Short Circuit Current

Function Overload Protection Overload

mA Fused, 440 mA, 1000 V FAST Fuse 600 mA overload for 2 minutes maximum, 10

A Fused, 11 A, 1000 V FAST Fuse 20 A overload for 30 seconds maximum, 10

minutes rest.

minutes rest.

14

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