Fluke 2686A, 2680A User Manual
2680A/2686A
Data Acquisition System/Data Logging System
Getting Started Guide
®
June 2002
© 2002 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in USA
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
Limited Warranty and Limitation of Liability
Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal
use and service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product
repairs and services are warranted for 90 days. This warranty extends only to the original buyer or
end-user customer of a Fluke authorized reseller, and does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries
or to any product which, in Fluke’s opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected, contaminated, or
damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling.
Fluke warrants that software will operate substantially in accordance with its functional specifications
for 90 days and that it has been properly recorded on non-defective media. Fluke does not warrant
that software will be error free or operate without interruption. The software is neither intended nor
warranted for use in medical or any other applications where human safety may be a concern.
Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user
customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke.
Warranty support is available only if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or
Buyer has paid the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to invoice Buyer for
importation costs of repair/replacement parts when product purchased in one country is submitted for
repair in another country.
Fluke’s warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke’s option, to refund of the purchase price, free of charge
repair, or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke authorized service center
within the warranty period.
To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain return
authorization information, then send the product to that service center, with a description of the
difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke assumes no risk for damage in
transit. Following warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer, transportation prepaid (FOB
Destination). If Fluke determines that failure was caused by neglect, misuse, contamination,
alteration, accident or abnormal condition of operation or handling, including overvoltage failures
caused by use outside the product’s specified rating, or normal wear and tear of mechanical
components, Fluke will provide an estimate of repair costs and obtain authorization before
commencing the work. Following repair, the product will be returned to the Buyer transportation
prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges (FOB Shipping
Point).
THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL
OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES AND/OR PROFITS, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA,
ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY.
Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or exclusion
or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and exclusions of this warranty
may not apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a
court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or
enforceability of any other provision.
2/02
Fluke Corporation Fluke Europe B.V.
P.O. Box 9090 P.O. Box 1186
Everett, WA 98206-9090 5602 BD Eindhoven
U.S.A. The Netherlands
Safety Information
WCaution
This is an IEC safety Class 1 product. Before using, the
ground wire in the line cord or rear panel binding post
must be connect to an earth ground for safety.
Interference Information
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in strict
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause interference to radio and television
reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device
in accordance with the specifications of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide
reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment
does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of more of the
following measures:
• Reorient the receiving antenna
• Relocate the equipment with respect to the receiver
• Move the equipment away from the receiver
• Plug the equipment into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different
branch circuits
If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for
additional suggestions. The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal
Communications Commission helpful: How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems.
This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Stock
No. 004-000-00345-4.
i
SAFETY TERMS IN THIS MANUAL
This device has been designed and tested to meet the requirements of EN61010-1
(Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and
Laboratory Use). It is an Installation Category II device intended for operation from
a normal single phase supply. The DIO relay controls are rated to 250 V ac CAT I
and should not be used in applications that exceed that rating.
Started Guide contains information, warnings and cautions. Use of this equipment
in a manner not specified herein may impair the protection provided by the
equipment.
Measurement category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly
connected to MAINS. Examples are measurements on circuits not derived from
MAINS, and specially protected (internal) MAINS derived circuits.
Measurement category II is for measurements performed on circuits directly
connected to the low voltage installation. Examples are measurements on
household appliances, portable tools and similar equipment.
W WARNING statements identify conditions or practices that could result in
personal injury or loss of life.
CAUTION statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage
to equipment.
SYMBOLS MARKED ON EQUIPMENT:
WARNING Risk of electric shock.
This Getting
Ground (earth) terminal.
Protective ground (earth) terminal. Must be connected to safety earth
ground when the power cord is used.
Attention. Refer to the manual. This symbol indicates that information
about usage of a feature is contained in the manual. This symbol
appears on the Universal Input Module and in the following two places
on the device rear panel:
1. Ground Binding Post (to the left of the line power connector).
2. Alarm/Trigger I/O and Digital I/O connectors.
AC POWER SOURCE
The device is intended to operate from an ac power source that will not apply more
than 264 V ac rms between the supply conductors or between either supply
conductor and ground. A protective ground connection by way of the grounding
conductor in the power cord is required for safe operation.
ii
XWWARNING
Use the proper fuse. To avoid fire hazard, for fuse
replacement use only a 1/2 ampere, 250 V time delay line
fuse.
DC POWER SOURCE
The device may also be operated from a 9 V to 45 V dc power source when either
the rear panel ground binding post or the power cord grounding conductor is
connected properly. The input is protected by a 4 ampere fuse internal to the
device. This fuse should only be replaced by a qualified Fluke technician.
GROUNDING THE DEVICE
The device utilizes controlled overvoltage techniques that require the device to be
grounded whenever normal mode or common mode ac voltages or transient
voltages may occur. The enclosure must be grounded through the grounding
conductor of the power cord, or if operated on battery with the power cord
unplugged, through the rear panel ground binding post.
USE THE PROPER POWER CORD
Use only the power cord and connector appropriate for the voltage and plug
configuration in your country.
Use only a power cord that is in good condition.
Refer power cord and connector changes to qualified service personnel.
XWWARNING
To avoid possible electric shock or damage to the device:
• Read manual before operating.
• Do not position device so that air flow through side
vents is restricted.
• Do not use in a manner not specified in this manual or
safety protection may be impaired.
• Disconnect power cord and ALL other inputs before
replacing a fuse.
• Position the device where power cord can be
disconnected.
• Do not exceed maximum voltages.
iii
XWWARNING
DO NOT OPERATE IN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
To avoid personal injury or death, do not remove the device cover without first
removing the power source connected to the rear panel. Do not operate the device
without the cover properly installed. There is no need for the operator to remove
the cover.
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO OPERATE IF PROTECTION MAY BE
IMPAIRED
If the device appears damaged or operates abnormally, protection may be
impaired. Do not attempt to operate the device under these conditions. Refer all
question of proper device operation to qualified service personnel.
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO SERVICE UNLESS YOU ARE A
FLUKE QUALIFIED REPAIR TECHNICIAN
To avoid personal injury or death, remove the AC power cord and all analog and
digital connector modules before servicing the device.
Note
All signals must be removed from the analog and digital connector
wiring before opening the connector modules.
iv
Additional Safety Information
The following table provides additional safety information.
General Specifications
Specification Characteristic
Size 473 mm (18.6 in) x 423 mm (17 in) x 237 mm (9.3 in)
Weight 2680A/2686A (empty) 8.5 Kg (18.9 lb)
2680A – FAI 0.8 Kg (1.8 lb)
2680A – PAI 1.2 Kg (2.7 lb)
2680A – DIO 0.8 Kg (1.8 lb)
Power 100 – 240 V ac (no switching required), 50 to 60 Hz, 100 VA
maximum or optional 9 V dc to 45 V dc, 35 W maximum
EMC EN50082-2
EN55022-1
EN55011 class A
EN610000-4-2,3,4,6,8
EN61326
Safety EN61010-1, CAT II (DIO is rated CAT I)
CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1
Operating Temperature
-20 oC to 60 oC (-4 oF to +140 oF)
Range
Storage Temperature
-40 oC to 70 oC (-40 oF to +158 oF)
Range
Relative Humidity 90% maximum for -10 oC to 28 oC (14 oF to +82 oF)
75% maximum for 28
50% maximum for 35
o
C to 35 oC (82 oF to +95 oF)
o
C to 60 oC (95 oF to +140 oF)
(3 MΩ range, reduce humidity rating by 25% for 1 hour warm-up.
3 MΩ range meets full humidity ratings with 2 hour warm-up)
Altitude Operating: 2,000 m (6,561 ft) maximum
Non-operating: 12,200 m (40,000 ft) maximum
Warm-up Time 1 hour to rated specifications -or- 15 minutes if relative humidity
(non-condensing) is 50% or less.
v
vi
Table of Contents
Contents Page
Safety Information........................................................................................... i
Introduction..................................................................................................... 1
Contacting Fluke............................................................................................. 2
Additional Information.................................................................................... 2
Configuring the 268XA................................................................................... 3
Reviewing and Setting the Base Channel Number............................... 3
Reviewing and Setting the Line Frequency.......................................... 5
Reviewing and Setting the Network Type............................................ 7
Reviewing and Setting the General Network Socket Port.................... 12
Reviewing and Setting the General Network IP Address..................... 13
Reviewing and Setting the Subnet Mask and Default Gateway........... 14
Viewing the Device Ethernet Address.................................................. 16
Host Computer and Network Preparation ....................................................... 18
Installing Host Computer Ethernet Adapter.............................................. 18
Device and Host Computer Interconnection............................................. 20
Host Computer/Device Direct Connection........................................... 20
Interconnection Using 10/100BaseT (Twisted Pair) Ethernet Wiring.. 20
Installing Host Computer Networking Software ...................................... 22
Setting Host Computer Networking Parameters....................................... 23
Introducing Fluke DAQ Software................................................................... 24
Installing Fluke DAQ Software....................................................................... 24
Understanding the User Interface.................................................................... 26
Using the Toolbar ..................................................................................... 26
Understanding the Workspace Area ......................................................... 28
Checking Operational Status..................................................................... 29
Device Status Icon................................................................................ 29
Module Status Icon............................................................................... 29
Computed Channel Status Icon............................................................ 29
I/O Module 6 ........................................................................................ 29
Configuration Dialogs............................................................................... 30
Network Configuration Dialog............................................................. 30
Device Configuration Dialog................................................................ 30
vii
2680A/2686A
Getting Started Guide
Communication Dialogs........................................................................... 32
Security Dialogs....................................................................................... 32
Trend Dialog............................................................................................. 33
Alarm Dialog............................................................................................ 33
Mail and Web Settings Dialogs................................................................ 33
Managing Your Network Using Fluke DAQ.................................................. 34
Inserting and Configuring a 268XA Device............................................. 34
Inserting and Configuring a Module ........................................................ 39
Inserting and Configuring a Channel ....................................................... 43
Configuring a Computed Channel............................................................ 45
Using Equations with Computed Channels.............................................. 49
Starting a Scan.......................................................................................... 51
Viewing Module Measurement Data........................................................ 54
Using the Digital I/O Points Communication Dialog............................... 55
Using Trend to View Collected Data....................................................... 56
Viewing Alarms ....................................................................................... 60
Using Fluke DAQ System Security Features........................................... 62
Configuring Web and Alarm Mail Settings.............................................. 63
Module Configuration Dialog.............................................................. 31
Analog Channel Configuration Dialog ................................................ 31
DIO Configuration Dialog................................................................... 31
Computed Channel Configuration Dialog............................................ 31
Device Communication and Status Dialog .......................................... 32
Module Communication Dialog........................................................... 32
Digital I/O Points Dialog..................................................................... 32
Computed Channels Dialog................................................................. 32
Starting a Configuration Scan.............................................................. 51
Starting a Device Scan......................................................................... 52
Starting a Scan Using Spy.................................................................... 53
Changing the Chart Display................................................................. 59
viii
Introduction
The 2680A Data Acquisition System (DAS) and 2686A Data Logging System
(DLS) provide 20 to 120 channels that operate in conjunction with Fluke DAQ
software to form a data acquisition system.
The 2686A comes with a removable PC Card (PCMCIA) for stand-alone storage
operation. This socket accepts ATA memory cards up to 2 GB in size.
Each 268XA device can hold from 1 to 6 analog modules. These modules are the
precision analog module (PAI), fast analog module (FAI), and the digital IO/relay
and Totalizer module (DIO). These modules are all isolated from one another. If
digital I/O, relay and totalizer capability is required, you can add a digital I/O
module to the device in slot 6 only.
The analog modules measure dc volts, ac volts, ohms, temperature, frequency, and
dc current. Temperature measurements use thermocouples thermistors or
resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). The devices also have extensive
computed math capability. Besides using data collected from the analog modules,
and digital totalizer, time can also be used in computed channel calculations.
Getting Started
The systems scan the 20 to 120 analog channels and calculate the values for the 60
computed channels. Interval timers, alarm conditions, and/or an external signal
input can trigger scans. The Fluke DAQ software configures and controls up to 99
268XA devices via an Ethernet connection. The software provides the means to
view scan data and log it into files.
The two analog modules that may be used with the 268XA are the FAI module and
the PAI module. The PAI modules emphasize precision with 5 ½ digits of
resolution, .02% accuracy, and can withstand up to 150 V common mode voltage
(300 V on channels 1 and 11). The FAI modules emphasize increased
measurement speed with 4 ½ digits of resolution, 0.04% accuracy, and can
withstand up to 50 V common mode voltage.
1
2680A/2686A
Getting Started Guide
Contacting Fluke
To contact Fluke, call one of the following telephone numbers:
USA: 1-888-99-FLUKE (1-888-993-5853)
Canada: 1-800-36-FLUKE (1-800-363-5853)
Europe: +31 402-675-200
Japan: +81-3-3434-0181
Singapore: +65-738-5655
Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-5500
Or, visit Fluke’s Web site at www.fluke.com.
Additional Information
Refer to the Users Manual provided on the 268XA CD for additional information
on configuring and using your 268XA series device or Fluke DAQ software.
The CD contains necessary documentation for proper use and operation of the
product. If the CD is damaged or if you are unable to access product
documentation on the CD, visit the Fluke Web site or contact Fluke at any of the
numbers listed above.
If AutoRun is disabled, from the Start menu, select Run…, (CD-Drive
letter):\launch.exe <Enter>.
2
Configuring the 268XA
You must configure the 268XA device before using it. The following sections
provide basic configuration information. Refer to the Users Manual for additional
configuration information.
Reviewing and Setting the Base Channel Number
Perform the procedure below to review or set the Base Channel Number (BCN).
The BCN identifies the device. The BCN is also the first two digits of the Global
Channel Number (GCN), which uniquely identifies each device channel. For
example, a GCN of 27116 indicates device 27 and analog channel 116. (See Figure
1 for examples.)
• BCN Range The BCN can be any number from 01 to 99. If you plan to install
Fluke DAQ software for isolated network operation, each device on the
network must have a unique BCN.
• BCN Review or Set identifier The REVIEW annunciator displays when
reviewing the BCN; the SET annunciator displays when setting the BCN.
Table 1. Reviewing and Setting the Base Channel Number
Getting Started
Configuring the 268XA
Press the COMM key to review the Base Channel Number (BCN), or press and
hold the COMM key for 3 seconds to set the BCN.
Press the up/down arrow keys until bASE (Base Channel Number) appears
in the primary display (COMM appears in the secondary display).
Press the ENTER key. bASE appears in the secondary display and the current
BCN (two digits) in the primary display.
For BCN set procedures, press the left/right arrow keys to select the BCN 10s
or 1s digit position (highlighted).
Press the up/down arrow keys to select the desired number, 0 to 9, for the
positioned BCN digit. In this manner, set both BCN digits.
Press the ENTER key to exit. (Pressing any other function key will cancel set
operations.)
3
2680A/2686A
Getting Started Guide
REVIEW
Communications display for reviewing the Base Channel Number (BCN)
SET
Communications display for setting the BCN
SET
Base Channel Number display for setting the BCN 10s digits (for example, 45)
REVIEW
Base Channel Number display for reviewing the BCN number (for example, 45)
CH
Front Panel display for an device with BCN 45
Figure 1. Examples for Reviewing and Setting the BCN
4
Reviewing and Setting the Line Frequency
Perform the procedure below to review or set the line frequency. Line frequency
selection allows the device to optimize internal circuitry for best accuracy. (See
Figure 2 for examples.)
• Line Frequency Choices Select 50 Hz or 60 Hz as the frequency of the
primary power when an ac source powers the device.
Table 2. Reviewing and Setting the Line Frequency
Getting Started
Configuring the 268XA
Press the COMM key to review the Line Frequency setting, or press and hold
the COMM key for 3 seconds to set the Line Frequency.
Press the up/down arrow keys until LinE (Line Frequency) appears in the
primary display (comm appears in the secondary display).
Press the ENTER key. LinE appears in the secondary display and the current
LinE frequency setting is in the primary display.
For Line Frequency set procedures, press the up/down arrow keys to select
50 (Hz) or 60 (Hz) line frequency (current setting appears bright).
Press the ENTER key to exit. (Pressing any other function key will cancel set
operations.)
5
2680A/2686A
Getting Started Guide
REVIEW
Communications display for reviewing the line frequency
SET
Communications display for setting the line frequency
SET
Hz
Line frequency display for setting the line frequency to 60 Hz
SET
Hz
Line frequency display for setting the line frequency to 50 Hz
REVIEW
Hz
Line frequency display for reviewing the line frequency (60 Hz)
Figure 2. Examples for Reviewing and Setting the Line Frequency
6
Reviewing and Setting the Network Type
Perform the procedure in below to review or set the network type to isolated.
Perform the procedure in Table 4 to review or set the network type to general. An
isolated network consists of only 268XA Series and NetDAQ 26X devices and one
or more host computers. A general network consists of devices, host computers,
and possibly servers, routers, gateways, or other network devices. (See Figure 3
for examples.)
If you use Fluke DAQ software for isolated network operation and set the devices’
network type to isolated, you do not need to know or set IP addresses for your
devices.
Table 3. Reviewing and Setting the Network Type
Getting Started
Configuring the 268XA
Press the COMM key to review the network type, or press and hold the COMM
key for 3 seconds to set the network type.
Press the up/down arrow keys until nEt (Network) appears in the primary
display (comm appears in the secondary display).
Press the ENTER key. nEt appears in the secondary display and ISo (isolated
network) or gEn (general network) is in the primary display.
To set the network type to isolated, press the up/down arrow keys to
select ISo (current setting appears bright).
Press the ENTER key to exit. (Pressing any other function key will cancel set
operations.)
7
2680A/2686A
Getting Started Guide
REVIEW
Communications display for reviewing the network type
SET
Communications display for setting the network type
SET
Network display for setting the network type to isolated
SET
Network display for setting the network type to general
REVIEW
Network display for reviewing the network type (isolated network)
Figure 3. Examples for Reviewing and Setting the Network Type
8
Getting Started
Configuring the 268XA
If you set Fluke DAQ Software for general network operation, you must set the
network type of each device to general. You will need to enter an IP address, and
possibly a socket port, subnet mask and gateway address into each device. Get this
information from your network administrator.
Table 4. Reviewing and Setting the Network Type to General
Press the COMM key to review the network type, or press and hold the COMM
key for 3 seconds to set the network type.
Press the up/down arrow keys until nEt (Network) appears in the primary
display (comm appears in the secondary display).
Press the ENTER key. nEt appears in the secondary display and ISo (isolated
network) or gEn (general network) is in the primary display.
To set the network type to general, press the up/down arrow keys to
select gEn (current setting appears bright).
Press the ENTER key. (Pressing any other function key will cancel set
operations.) This displays the current Socket Port.
Press the ENTER key. This displays the first digit of the Internet Protocol
address (segment IP:0).
Press the ENTER key to exit. You must set an IP address and Socket Port
when using a general network.
9
2680A/2686A
Getting Started Guide
REVIEW
Communicatio ns display for reviewing t he network type
SET
Communications display for setting the network type
SET
10
Network display for setting the network type to general
SET
Socket Port display for setting the first digit (for the example 04369)
SET
Socket Port display for setting the second digit (for the example 04369)
Figure 4. Examples for Reviewing and Setting General Network Parameters
SET
IP address display for setting an IP:0 digit (for example, 129:196:152:101)
SET
IP address display for setting an IP:1 digit (for example, 129:196:152:101)
SET
Getting Started
Configuring the 268XA
IP address display for setting an IP:1 digit (for example, 129:196:152:101)
SET
IP address display for setting an IP:2 digit (for example, 129:196:152:101)
SET
IP address display for setting an IP:3 digit (for example, 129:196:152:101)
Figure 4 Examples for Reviewing and Setting General Network Parameters (cont)
11
2680A/2686A
Getting Started Guide
Reviewing and Setting the General Network Socket Port
Perform the procedure below to review or set the general network Socket Port
(1024 to 65535). The default is 04369. In order to communicate with each other, a
host computer and an device must use the same socket port number. (See Figure 4
for examples.)
• General Network Socket Port Enter the Socket Port supplied by your
network administrator.
Table 5. Reviewing and Setting the General Network Socket Port
Press the COMM key to review the network settings, or press and hold the
COMM key for 3 seconds to set the network settings.
Press the up/down arrow keys until nEt (Network) appears in the primary
display (comm appears in the secondary display).
Press the ENTER key. nEt appears in the secondary display and ISo (isolated
network) or gEn (general network) is in the primary display.
To set the network type, press the up/down arrow keys to
select gEn.
Press the ENTER key. (Pressing any other function key will cancel set
operations.) This displays the current Socket Port.
To set the socket port, press the left/right arrow keys to select the desired
digit position (highlighted).
Press the up/down arrow keys to select the desired number, 0 to 9, for the
positioned Port digit. In this manner, select all Port digits.
Press the ENTER key. This displays the first digit of the Internet Protocol
address segment IP:0.
Press the ENTER key to enter the settings and exit the procedure. (Pressing
any other function key will cancel set operations.).
12
Reviewing and Setting the General Network IP Address
Perform the procedure below to review or set the device’s general network Internet
Protocol (IP) address.
• General Network IP Address Enter the IP Address supplied by your
network administrator for each BCN. The format is four 3 digit segments:
IP0.IP1.IP2.IP3.
Table 6. Reviewing and Setting the General Network IP Address
Getting Started
Configuring the 268XA
Press the COMM key to review the network settings, or press and hold the
COMM key for 3 seconds to set the network settings.
Press the up/down arrow keys until nEt (Network) appears in the primary
display (comm appears in the secondary display).
Press the ENTER key. nEt appears in the secondary display and ISo (isolated
network) or gEn (general network) is in the primary display.
To set the network type, press the up/down arrow keys to
select gEn.
Press the ENTER key. (Pressing any other key will cancel set operations.) This
displays the current So cket Port.
Press the ENTER key. This displays the first digit of the 12 digit Internet
Protocol address (grouped into four 3 digit segments: IP0 . IP1 . IP2 . IP3).
Press the left/right arrow keys to select the desired number in each segment.
The selected digit is highlighted and the segment, for example, IP2, appears.
Press the up/down arrow keys to select the desired number, 0 to 9, for the
positioned IP digit. In this manner, select all 12 IP digits.
Press the ENTER key to enter the settings and exit the procedure. (Pressing
any other function key will cancel set operations.).
13
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