Fagor CNC 8040 User Manual
Operating Manual
(MCO & TCO options)
Ref. 0204-ing
The information described in this manual may be subject to variations
due to technical modifications.
FAGOR AUTOMATION, S.Coop. Ltda. reserves the right to modify
the contents of the manual without prior notice.
iii
INDEX
1. GENERAL CONCEPTS
1.1 "M/T" and "CO" work modes ...................................................................................1
1.2 Keyboard ..................................................................................................................2
1.3 Keyboard customizing ..............................................................................................4
2. OPERA TING IN JOG MODE
2.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................2
2.2 Axis Control .............................................................................................................6
2.2.1 Work Units ................................................................................................................6
2.2.2 Coordinate preset ......................................................................................................6
2.2.3 Handling the Feedrate of the Axes (F) ......................................................................6
2.3 Home search (Machine reference zero) .....................................................................7
2.4 Jogging the axes .......................................................................................................8
2.4.1 Jogging to a programmed position...........................................................................8
2.4.2 Incremental jog .........................................................................................................8
2.4.3 Continuous jog .........................................................................................................9
2.4.4 Jogging with an Electronic Handwheel....................................................................10
2.4.4.1 Standard handwheel mode.........................................................................................11
2.4.4.2 Path handwheel mode...............................................................................................12
2.4.4.3 Feed handwheel ........................................................................................................13
2.5 Tool control ..............................................................................................................14
2.5.1 Single tool change point ..........................................................................................14
2.5.2 Variable tool change point .......................................................................................15
2.5.3 Live tool ...................................................................................................................16
2.6 Spindle Control ........................................................................................................18
2.6.1 Spindle in RPM ........................................................................................................19
2.6.2 Constant Surface Speed ............................................................................................20
2.6.2.1 Operating at Constant Surface Speed (CSS) .............................................................21
2.7 Handling ISO code....................................................................................................22
v
3. OPERATING WITH OPERATIONS OR CYCLES
3.1 Associated programs .................................................................................................3
3.2 Associated routines ...................................................................................................3
3.3 OEM cycles...............................................................................................................4
3.3.1 Screen definition .......................................................................................................4
3.3.2 Configuration file .....................................................................................................5
3.3.3 Associated routine ....................................................................................................9
3.3.4 Error log file (P999500) ............................................................................................11
3.4 Access to OEM cycles from the PLC ........................................................................12
3.5 Cycle data entry ........................................................................................................13
3.6 Simulation and execution .........................................................................................14
3.7 Background cycle editing ........................................................................................14
3.8 Positioning cycle ......................................................................................................15
3.8.1 Definition of data......................................................................................................16
3.8.2 Definition of spindle conditions ..............................................................................17
3.8.3 Definition of machining conditions .........................................................................17
4. PROGRAM STORAGE
4.1 List of stored programs .............................................................................................2
4.2 See content of a program ..........................................................................................3
4.2.1 Seeing one of the cycles in detail .............................................................................3
4.3 Edit a new part-program............................................................................................4
4.3.1 Storage of an ISO block or a cycle............................................................................4
4.4 Erasing a part-program..............................................................................................5
4.5 Copy a part-program in another................................................................................5
4.6 Modifying a part-program ........................................................................................6
4.6.1 Erasing an operation .................................................................................................6
4.6.2 Moving an operation to another position ................................................................6
4.6.3 Adding or inserting a new operation ........................................................................7
4.6.4 Modifying an already existing operation .................................................................7
5. EXECUTION AND SIMULA TION
5.1 Simulating or executing an operation or cycle ........................................................2
5.2 Simulating or executing a part-program...................................................................3
5.2.1 Simulating or executing a section of a part-program ................................................3
5.3 Simulating or executing a stored operation .............................................................3
5.4 Execution Mode .......................................................................................................4
5.4.1 Tool inspection .........................................................................................................5
5.5 Graphics ....................................................................................................................6
vi
MCO-TCO work mode
1. GENERAL CONCEPTS
1.1 "M/T" AND "CO" WORK MODES
The CNC offers all the features of the M/T models plus those specific of the CO mode.
There are 2 work modes. M/T and CO.
This manual is for the CO mode.
The "M" and "T" modes (described in the Installation, Operation and Programming manuals) must
be used to:
• set up the machine
• edit the PLC program
• customize screens
• customize canned cycles
• eliminate certain CNC errors
• etc.
The CO mode, the machine manufacturer can:
• customize the keyboard (see this chapter)
• modify the CNC screens (see "Screen customizing" in the Installation manual)
• design machining operations and canned cycles (see chapter on "working with operations
or cycles)
• create screens for diagnosis, setup, to show the status of the CNC-PLC, etc.
This manual describes how to operate with the basic or standard Fagor features and it is up to the
manufacturer to document all the modifications and new cycles created by him/her.
After turning on the CNC and after the keystroke sequence: the CNC displays the
standard display of the selected work mode.
Use the keystroke sequence: to toggle between the CO and M/T modes.
The standard CO mode screen depends on the model:
TCO Model MCO Model
To edit (modify or replace) this screen, refer to the chapter on "Screen customizing" in the Installation
manual.
Chapter 1 - page 1
1.2 KEYBOARD
MCO-TCO work mode
Alphanumeric keyboard and command keys.
Selects the X character
Selects the A character
Selects the R character
JOG keyboard
To: jog the axes of the machine
Govern the spindle
Modify axes feedrate and spindle speed
Start and stop program execution
Specific keys of the CO model
To: Select and define the machining operations
Control external devices
Select the graphic representation
Select either the single or automatic execution mode
Chapter 1 - page 2
MCO-TCO work mode
Keys related to the operations or canned cycles.
User C1 to access cycle 1, C2 for cycle 2 and son on.
Each key may have up to 10 levels or variations which are selected by
means of the [LEVEL CYCLE] key. For example:
C1 => Cycle 1, +Level => Cycle 21, +Level => Cycle 41, ....
When pressing keys C1 through C11, the CNC recovers the last cycle
(level) used in each group.
Keys C1 through C11 may be customized by the manufacturer by
inserting printed strips through slots on the back of the keyboard.
Keys which act as softkeys F1 through F7 in M/T mode.
Specific keys for the CO mode. From left to right, they are used for:
• Homing the axes of the machine (see chapter on "operating in Jog
mode").
• Executing the positioning cycle (see chapter on "working with
operations or cycles).
• Managing ISO and MDI (see chapter on "operating in Jog mode").
• PCALL to see the screens of cycles created by the manufacturer (see
chapter on "working with operations or cycles).
• HELP (for the M/T mode).
• Selecting different states in particular cycles or screens.
• Select different levels in each cycle.
The blank keys are free and may be customized by the manufacturer by
Free keys, usually to control external devices.
They may be customized by the manufacturer by inserting printed strips
This chapter describes how to handle these keys.
Command keys.
For the CNC to assume the edited value.
To recall data, cycles or blocks from memory.
To access program storage (see chapter on program storage)
Depending on the data, to delete the last character entered or the whole program.
To quit the selected operation, cycle or mode.
Special keystroke sequences:
inserting printed strips through slots on the back of the keyboard. This
chapter describes how to handle these keys.
The SINGLE key allows executing or simulating a program step by step.
The GRAPHICS key allows simulating a cycle or viewing the graphic
representation of the tool movements while executing a program.
through slots on the back of the keyboard.
To toggle between CO and M/T modes.
To reset the CNC. It is the same as turning the CNC off and back on.
Cancels the video signal (the screen goes blank). Press any key to restore the image.
Chapter 1 - page 3
MCO-TCO work mode
1.3 KEYBOARD CUSTOMIZING
The external devices must be turned on or off by the machine manufacturer by means of a PLC
program.
The CNC will inform the PLC on the status of each key. The pertinent register bit will be set to "1"
when the key is pressed and "0" when it is not.
The register bit for each key is the following:
keys O1 through O14 have an indicator lamp. The status of each key lamp must be controlled by the
machine manufacturer with a PLC program using the TCLED* input variables shown below.
Examples:
The O1 key is used to control the coolant
DFU B28R561 = CPL TCLED1
= CPL O33
To turn on the device controlled with the O2 key, a number of conditions must be met
DFU B30R561 AND (Rest of conditions) = CPL TCLED2
= CPL O34
Chapter 1 - page 4
MCO-TCO work mode
2. OPERA TING IN JOG MODE
The standard screen for the CO operating mode dpends on the model:
TCO model MCO model
La forma de operar con ambos modelos es muy parecida. Si algunas de las prestaciones descritas en
este capítulo no es común para ambos modelos, se indicará claramente a qué modelo corresponde.
If one presses key
The CNC displays the auxiliary screen for the CO operating.
Chapter 2 - page 1
MCO-TCO work mode
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The standard screen for the CO operating mode may be entirely customized (see "screen customizing"
in the installation manual).
The one supplied by Fagor contains the following information:
1.- Clock
2.- This window can display the following data:
SBK when the Single Block execution mode is selected.
DNC when the DNC mode is activated.
P..... number of the program selected.
Message «In Position» - «Execution» - «Interrupted» - «RESET»
PLC messages
3.- The CNC messages are shown in this window.
4.- This screen may be entirely customized (see "screen customizing" in the installation manual).
The one supplied by Fagor can display the following data:
* The coordinates of the axes. The ? symbol indicates that the axis is working in diameters.
* When defining the text 33 of program 999997, the screen will show the axes coordinates
referred to machine reference zero (home) in small characters.
* The real spindle rpm "S".
* In a box, the coordinates of the auxiliary axes that are defined.
5.- This window may be customized entirely (see "Screen customizing" in the installation manual).
The one supplied by Fagor shows the feedrate of the «F» axes that has been selected and the %
of F which is being applied are shown.
When Feed-hold is active, the feedrate value changes colors.
On the other hand, depending on the position occupied by the left switch, it can show the
following information:
Chapter 2 - page 2
MCO-TCO work mode
6.- This screen may be entirely customized (see "screen customizing" in the installation manual).
The one supplied by Fagor shows everything about the tool.
* The number of the tool currently selected (in large characters).
* The graphic representation corresponding to the location code associated with the tool.
* The offset number «D» associated with the tool. If the tool number and the offset number
coincide, the CNC will not display value «D».
* The coordinates for the tool change point referred to home. The CNC does not display this
window when text 47 of program 999997 is not defined.
7.- This window may be customized entirely (see "Screen customizing" in the installation manual).
The one supplied by Fagor shows everything about the spindle :
* The theoretical turning speed selected. «S» value when working in rpm. and the «CSS» value
when working in TCO mode at constant surface speed.
* The condition of the spindle. This is represented by an icon and can be turning to the right,
to the left or idle.
* The % of the spindle speed being applied.
* The maximum spindle rpm (TCO model).
* The range of spindle active.
* The range of the active spindle. The CNC does not display this information when text 28 of
program 999997 is not defined.
8.- Whenever a work cycle is accessed, the CNC shows the help text associated with the icon
selected in this window.
This help text must be defined in P999994 program and be written in the language required.
The format and the points to be considered in the P999994 program are detailed in the chapter
on "General Concepts".
9.- Reserved.
Chapter 2 - page 3
MCO-TCO work mode
The auxiliary screen for the CO operating mode may be customized entirely (see "Screen
customizing" in the installation manual).
The one supplied by Fagor contains the following information:
1.- Clock
2.- This window can display the following data:
SBK when the Single Block mode of execution is selected.
DNC when the DNC mode is active.
P..... number of the program selected.
Message «In Position» - «Execution» - «Interrupted» - «RESET»
PLC messages
3.- The CNC messages are shown in this window.
4.- In manual operating mode this window does not display any data, but during execution, it shows
the lines of the program being executed.
5.- The axes have the following fields:
COMMAND States the coordinate programmed, that is, the position that the axis must
reach.
ACTUAL States the actual coordinate or actual position of the axis.
TO GO States the distance that the axis has still to go to reach the coordinate
programmed.
FOLLOWING ERROR Difference between the theoretical and real values of the position.
The spindle (S) has the following fields available:
THEORETICAL theoretical speed S programmed.
RPM speed in rpm.
M/MIN speed in meters/ minute.
FOLLOWING ERROR When operating with spindle guided stop (M19) this indicates the
difference between theoretical and real speeds.
The auxiliary axes only show the actual position of the axis
Chapter 2 - page 4
MCO-TCO work mode
6.- This window shows the status of the «G, F, T, D, M» functions and the value of the variables.
PARCO States the number of consecutive parts that have been executed with the same
program.
Whenever a new program is selected, this variable assumes value 0.
CYTIME States the time elapsed during the execution of the parts. It is expressed in the
following format: “hours : minutes : seconds : hundredths of second”.
Whenever the execution of a program is started, even though this is repetitive, this
variable assumes value 0.
TIMER States the reading of the clock enabled by the PLC. It is expressed in format “hours
: minutes : seconds”.
7.- Reserved.
8.- Reserved.
Warning
The symbol appears in the middle of the top window when there is
a part-progam selected to be executed or simulated.
In these cases, whn pressing:
the CNC executes the selected part-program.
it is de-selected, the CNC deletes the icon from the top center window.
Chapter 2 - page 5
MCO-TCO work mode
2.2 AXIS CONTROL
2.2.1 WORK UNITS
Whenever the CO work mode is accessed, the CNC assumes the work units, «mm or inches», «radii
or diameters», «millimeters/minute or millimeters/revolution», etc., that are selected by machine
parameter.
To modify these values, the "T" mode has to be accessed, modifying the relevant machine parameter.
2.2.2 COORDINATE PRESET
The axes must be preset one at a time with the following procedure:
Value Value
The CNC requests confirmation of the command.
Press to quit the presetting mode.
2.2.3 HANDLING THE FEEDRATE OF THE AXES (F)
To set a particular axis feedrate, proceed as follows:
Value
Press to quit the selection.
Chapter 2 - page 6
MCO-TCO work mode
2.3 HOME SEARCH (MACHINE REFERENCE ZERO)
Home search can be done in 2 ways:
Home search on all the axes
The CNC will execute the machine reference zero routine defined by the
manufacture in the general machine parameter P34 (REFPSUB).
Warning: The CNC saves the part zero or zero offset that is active at the time.
If no home searching subroutine is defined, the CNC will display the
relevant error message.
Home search on a single axis
Carries out the home search on the X axis
Carries out the home search on the Z axis
Warning: The CNC does not save the part zero or zero offset that is active at the
time and assumes as new part zero the position taken by machine
reference zero (home).
Chapter 2 - page 7
MCO-TCO work mode
2.4 JOGGING THE AXES
The axes of the machine can be moved in the following ways:
- continuous jog
- incremental jog
- jogging with an electronic handwheel
- jogging to a programmed position
2.4.1 JOGGING TO A PROGRAMMED POSITION
The movement is carried out one axis at a time. With the feedrate «F» and at the selected %.
Position Position
2.4.2 INCREMENTAL JOG
Place the left-hand switch in one of the positions
Incremental movement must be done axis to axis. To do this press the JOG key for
the direction of the axis to be moved.
Each time a key is pressed, the corresponding axis moves the amount set by the
switch. This movement effects the «F» feedrate selected.
Position of the switch Movement per turn
1 0.001 mm or 0.0001 inches
10 0.010 mm or 0.0010 inches
100 0.100 mm or 0.0100 inches
1000 1.000 mm or 0.1000 inches
10000 10.000 mm or 1.0000 inches
Chapter 2 - page 8
MCO-TCO work mode
2.4.3 CONTINUOUS JOG
Place the left-hand switch in position and on the right-hand switch select the percentage (0%
to 120%) of the feedrate selected to be applied.
Continuous movement should be done axis to axis. To do this press the JOG
key for the direction of the axis to be moved.
The axis moves with a feedrate equal to the percentage (0% to 120%) of the «F»
feedrate selected.
If during movement the key is pressed the maximum feedrate possible is carried out, as is stated
in the “G00FEED” axis machine parameter. This feedrate will be applied as long as said key is
pressed, and when released the previous feedrate will be resumed.
Depending on the value assigned to general logic input “LACOHM”, the movement will be made
in one of the following ways:
* The axis will only move while the relevant JOG key is pressed.
* The axis will start moving when the JOG key is pressed and will not stop until said JOG key
or another JOG key is pressed again, and in this case the movement is transferred to what is
indicated by the next key pressed.
When operating with feedrate "F" in millimeters/revolution the following cases may arise:
a) The spindle is started. or
The CNC moves the axes to the F programmed.
b) The spindle is stopped but there is a spindle speed S selected.
Feature available at the TCO model when working with G95.
The CNC calculates the feedrate in millimeters/minute corresponding to the theoretical "S" and
moves the axis.
For example, if «F 2.000» and «S 500»:
Feedrate = F (mm/rev.) x S (rev/min)= 2 x 500 = 1000 mm/min
The axis moves at a feedrate of 1000 in millimeters/minute.
c) The spindle is stationary and there is no spindle speed S selected.
Feature available at the TCO model when working with G95.
The axes will only move in rapid and only if the key and the relevant axis key are pressed.
Chapter 2 - page 9
MCO-TCO work mode
2.4.4 JOGGING WITH AN ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL
The various handwheel configurations are:
General handwheel It can be used to jog any axis one by one.
Select the axis and turn the handwheel to move it.
Individual handwheel: It replaces the mechanical handwheels.
Up to 3 handwheels can be used (one per axis).
It only moves the axis it is associated with.
To move any of them, turn the switch to any of the handwheel positions.
Positions 1, 10 and 100 indicate the multiplying factor being applied besides the internal x4 to
the feedback pulses supplied by the electronic handwheel.
For example, if the manufacturer has set a distance of 0.100 mm or 0.0100 inches per handwheel
turn, thus:
Switch position Distance per turn
1 0.100 mm or 0.0100 inch
10 1.000 mm or 0.1000 inch
100 10.000 mm or 1.0000 inch
Warning:
When operating with individual handwheels and depending on how fast the handwheel
is turned and on the selected handwheel switch position, the CNC might be demanded
to move the axis faster than the maximum permitted. In that case, the CNC will move
the axis the indicated distance but it will limit the axis speed to that maximum value.
There are 3 operating modes with handwheels:
Standard handwheel:
With the general handwheel, select the axis to be moved and turn the
handwheel.
With individual handwheels, turn the handwheel associated with the axis to be
moved.
Path handwheel: For chamfering and rounding corners.
Feed handwheel To control the feedrate of the machine.
Chapter 2 - page 10
2 axes are moved along a selected path (chamfer or rounding) by moving a
single handwheel.
This feature must be activated via PLC.
The general handwheel is assumed as the "path handwheel" or the individual
handwheel associated with the X axis (MCO model) or Z (TCO model).
This feature must be activated via PLC.
MCO-TCO work mode
2.4.4.1 STANDARD HANDWHEEL MODE
With the general handwheel proceed as follows:
1.- Select the axis to be jogged.
Press one of the JOG keys of the axis to be jogged. The selected axis will be highlighted.
When using a FAGOR handwheel with an axis selector button, the axis may be selected as
follows:
Push the button on the back of the handwheel. The CNC select the first axis and it highlights it.
When pressing the button again, the CNC selects the next axis and so on in a rotary fashion.
To deselect the axis, hold the button pressed for more than 2 seconds.
2.- Jog the axis
Once the axis has been selected, it will move as the handwheel is being turned and in the direction
indicated by it.
With individual handwheels:
Each axis will move as the corresponding handwheel is being turned according to the switch position
and in the direction indicated by it.
With several simultaneous handwheels:
The machine may have a general handwheel and up to 3 individual handwheels associated with each
axis.
The individual handwheels have priority over the general handwheel. So, if an individual handwheel
is moving, the general handwheel will be ignored.
Chapter 2 - page 11
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