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Table of Contents |
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Title |
Page No. |
INTRODUCTION |
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What is OBD? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
1 |
YOU CAN DO IT! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
2 |
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS |
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Safety First! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
3 |
ABOUT THE CODE READER |
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Vehicles Covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
5 |
Battery Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
6 |
Adjustments and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
7 |
CODE READER CONTROLS |
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Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
10 |
Display Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
12 |
ONBOARD DIAGNOSTICS |
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Computer Engine Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
14 |
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
20 |
OBD 2 Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
23 |
PREPARATION FOR TESTING |
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Preliminary Vehicle Diagnosis Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
30 |
Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
33 |
USING THE CODE READER |
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Code Retrieval Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
35 |
Erasing Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
40 |
I/M Readiness Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
42 |
GLOSSARY |
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
49 |
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
49 |
WARRANTY AND SERVICING |
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Limited One Year Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
51 |
Service Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
51 |
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Introduction
WHAT IS OBD?
WHAT IS OBD?
The CAN OBD2 Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD 2 compliant vehicles. All 1996 and newer vehicles (cars, light trucks and SUVs) sold in the United States are OBD 2 compliant.
One of the most exciting improvements in the automobile industry was the addition of on-board diagnostics (OBD) on vehicles,
or in more basic terms, the computer that activates the vehicle’s “CHECK ENGINE”
light. OBD 1 was designed to monitor manu-
facturer-specific systems on vehicles built from 1981 to 1995. Then came the develop-
ment of OBD 2, which is on all 1996 and newer vehicles sold in the U.S. Like its predecessor, OBD 2 was adopted as part of a government mandate to lower vehicle emissions. But what makes OBD 2 unique is its universal application for all late model cars and trucks - domestic and import. This sophisticated program in the vehicle’s main computer system is designed to detect failures in a range of systems, and can be accessed through a universal OBD 2 port, which is usually found under the dashboard. For all OBD systems, if a problem is found, the computer turns on the “CHECK ENGINE” light to warn the driver, and sets a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) to identify where the problem occurred. A special diagnostic tool, such as the CAN OBD2 Code Reader, is required to retrieve these codes, which consumers and professionals use as a starting point for repairs.
To learn more about vehicle Computer Control Systems and OBD 2, see COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS on page 14.
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You Can Do It!
EASY TO USE - EASY TO VIEW - EASY TO DEFINE
Easy To Use . . . .
■Connect the Code Reader to the vehicle’s test connector.
■Turn the ignition key "On.”
■Press the LINK button.
Easy To View . . . .
■ The Code Reader retrieves stored codes, Freeze Frame data and I/M Readiness status.
■ Codes, I/M Readiness status and Freeze Frame data are displayed on the Code Reader’s LCD display screen. System status is indicated by LED indicators.
Easy To Define . . . .
■Read code definitions from the Code Reader’s LCD display.
■ View Freeze Frame data.
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Safety Precautions
SAFETY FIRST!
SAFETY FIRST!
To avoid personal injury, instrument damage and/or damage to your vehicle; do not use the CAN OBD2 Code Reader before reading this manual.
This manual describes common test procedures used by 
experienced service technicians. Many test procedures 
require precautions to avoid accidents that can result in 
personal injury, and/or damage to your vehicle or test 
equipment. Always read your vehicle's service manual and 
follow its safety precautions before and during any test or service procedure. ALWAYS observe the following general safety precautions: 
PR
N
D
L
When an engine is running, it produces carbon monoxide, a toxic and poisonous gas. To prevent serious injury or death from carbon monoxide poisoning, operate the vehicle ONLY in a well-ventilated area.
To protect your eyes from propelled objects as well as hot or caustic liquids, always wear approved safety eye protection.
When an engine is running, many parts (such as the coolant fan, pulleys, fan belt etc.) turn at high speed. To avoid serious injury, always be aware of moving parts. Keep a safe distance from these parts as well as other potentially moving objects.
Engine parts become very hot when the engine is running. To prevent severe burns, avoid contact with hot engine parts.
Before starting an engine for testing or trouble-shoot- ing, make sure the parking brake is engaged. Put the transmission in park (for automatic transmission) or neutral (for manual transmission). Block the drive wheels with suitable blocks.
Connecting or disconnecting test equipment when the ignition is ON can damage test equipment and the vehicle's electronic components. Turn the ignition OFF before connecting the Code Reader to or disconnecting the Code Reader from the vehicle’s Data Link Connector (DLC).
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Safety Precautions
SAFETY FIRST!
To prevent damage to the on-board computer when taking vehicle electrical measurements, always use a digital multimeter with at least 10 megOhms of impedance.
Fuel and battery vapors are highly flammable. To prevent an explosion, keep all sparks, heated items and open flames away from the battery and fuel / fuel vapors. DO NOT SMOKE NEAR THE VEHICLE DURING TESTING.
Don't wear loose clothing or jewelry when working on an engine. Loose clothing can become caught in the fan, pulleys, belts, etc. Jewelry is highly conductive, and can cause a severe burn if it makes contact between a power source and ground.
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About the Code Reader
VEHICLES COVERED
VEHICLES COVERED
The CAN OBD2 Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD 2 compliant vehicles. All 1996 and newer vehicles (cars and light trucks) sold in the United States are OBD 2 compliant.
Federal law requires that all 1996 and newer cars and light trucks sold in the United States must be OBD 2 compliant; this includes all Domestic, Asian and European vehicles.
Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles are OBD 2 compliant. To find out if a 1994 or 1995 vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, check the following:
1.The Vehicle Emissions Control Information (VECI) Label. This label is located under the hood or by the radiator of most vehicles. If the vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, the label will state “OBD II Certified.”
VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION
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ENGINE FAMILY |
EFN2.6YBT2BA |
OBD II |
VEHICLE |
DISPLACEMENT |
2.6L |
CERTIFIED |
THIS VEHICLE CONFORMS TO U.S. EPA AND STATE |
|||
MANUFACTURER |
OF CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO |
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1999 MODEL YEAR NEW TLEV PASSENGER CARS. |
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REFER TO SERVICE MANUAL FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TUNE-UP CONDITIONS: NORMAL OPERATING ENGINE TEMPERATURE, ACCESSORIES OFF, COOLING FAN OFF, TRANSMISSION IN NEUTRAL
EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS |
STANDARD CATEGORY |
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CERTIFICATION |
TLEV |
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IN-USE |
TLEV INTERMEDIATE |
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SPARK PLUG
TYPE NGK BPRE-11 CATALYST
GAP: 1.1MM
OBD II
CERTIFIED
2.Government Regulations require that all OBD 2 compliant vehicles must have a “common” sixteen-pin Data Link Connector (DLC).
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2 |
3 |
4 |
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6 |
7 |
8 |
9 10111213141516 |
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Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles have 16-pin connectors but are not OBD 2 compliant. Only those vehicles with a Vehicle Emissions Control Label stating “OBD II Certified” are OBD 2 compliant.
Data Link Connector (DLC) Location
The 16-pin DLC is usually located under the instrument panel (dash), within 12 inches (300 mm) of center of the panel, on the driver’s side of most vehicles. It should be easily accessible and visible from a kneeling position outside the vehicle with the door open.
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NEAR |
BEHIND |
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CENTER |
ASHTRAY |
LEFT CORNER |
OF DASH |
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OF DASH |
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About the Code Reader
VEHICLES COVERED / BATTERY REPLACEMENT
On some Asian and European vehicles the DLC is located behind the “ashtray” (the ashtray must be removed to access it) or on the far left corner of the dash. If the DLC cannot be located, consult the vehicle’s service manual for the location.
BATTERY REPLACEMENT
1.Locate the battery cover on the back of the Code Reader.
2.Slide the battery cover off (use your fingers).
3.Replace batteries with three AA-size batteries (for longer life, use Alkaline-type batteries).
4.Reinstall the battery cover on the back of the Code Reader.
Language Selection After Battery Installation
There are two versions of the Code Reader: English/Spanish and English/French. The first time the unit is turned on (after the batteries are installed or replaced), you must select the desired display language, as follows:
1.Press the POWER/LINK 
button to turn the Code Reader “ON.”
■ The Select Language screen displays.
2.Use the UP 
and DOWN 
buttons, as necessary, to highlight the desired display language.
3.When the desired display language is selected, press the ENTER/FF 
but-
ton to confirm your selection.
■ The selected language will remain in the Code Reader’s memory as long as the batteries are not removed. If the batteries are removed (or go dead), the language selection will be lost from the Code Reader’s memory and must be reset again using steps 1 through 3, above.
■After the initial language selection is performed, it as well as other settings can be changed as desired. See ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS on page 7 for further instructions.
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About the Code Reader
ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS
ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS
The CAN OBD2 Code Reader lets you make several adjustments and settings to configure the Code Reader for your particular needs. The following adjustments and settings can be made:
■Adjust Brightness: Adjusts the brightness of the LCD display screen.
■Demo Mode: Sample data kept in the Code Reader’s memory to use as examples and for demonstration purposes.
■Select Language: Sets the display language for the Code Reader to English/Spanish or English/French.
■Unit of Measure: Sets the Unit of Measure for the Code Reader’s display to USA or metric.
Adjustments and settings can be made only when the Code Reader is NOT connected to a vehicle.
To enter the MENU Mode:
1. With the Code Reader “off”, press and hold the UP 
button, then press and release the POWER/LINK 
button.
■ The adjustments and setting MENU displays.
2. Release the UP 
button.
DO NOT release the UP 
button until the adjustments and settings MENU is visible on the display.
3.Make adjustments and settings as described in the following paragraphs.
Adjusting Display Brightness
1.Use the UP 
and DOWN 
buttons, as necessary, to highlight Adjust Brightness in the MENU, then press the ENTER/FF 
button.
■ The Adjust Brightness screen displays.
■ The Brightness field shows the current brightness setting, from 0 to 43.
2.Press the UP 
button to decrease the brightness of the LCD display (make the display darker).
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About the Code Reader
ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS
3.Press the DOWN 
button to increase the brightness of the LCD display (make the display lighter).
4.When the desired brightness is obtained, press the ENTER/FF
button to save your changes and return to the MENU.
Selecting the Display Language
1.Use the UP 
and DOWN 
buttons, as necessary, to highlight Select Language in the MENU, then press the
ENTER/FF 
button.
■The Select Language screen displays.
■The currently selected display Language is highlighted.
2.Press the UP 
or DOWN 
button,
as necessary, to highlight the desired display language.
3. When the desired display language is
highlighted, press the ENTER/FF 
button to save your changes and return to the MENU.
Setting the Unit of Measure
1. Use the UP 
and DOWN 
buttons, as necessary, to highlight Unit of Measure in the MENU, then press the
ENTER/FF 
button.
2. Press the UP 
or DOWN 
button, as necessary, to highlight the desired
Unit of Measure.
3.When the desired Unit of Measure
value is selected, press the ENTER/FF
button to save your changes.
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About the Code Reader
ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS
Demo Mode
1. Use the UP 
and DOWN 
buttons, as necessary, to highlight Demo Mode in the MENU, then press the
ENTER/FF 
button.
2. The Code Reader enters the Demo Mode.
3.Demo Mode demonstrates examples of Generic and Enhanced (Manufacturer Speciific) Diagnostic Trouble Codes, code definitions, Freeze Frame data and I/M Readiness status.
■Use Demo Mode to familiarize yourself with Code Reader operation, vehicle diagnostic data and/or for demonstration purposes.
4.To exit Demo Mode, turn the Code Reader off by pressing the
POWER/LINK 
button.
Exiting the MENU Mode
1.Use the UP 
and DOWN 
buttons, as necessary, to highlight Menu Exit in the MENU, then press the ENTER/FF 
button.
■ The LCD display returns to the DTC screen.
Changes made to Brightness, Language and Unit of Measure will remain in the Code Reader’s memory as long as the batteries are not removed. If the batteries are removed (or go dead), the settings will be lost from the Code Reader’s memory, and they must be reset again.
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Code Reader Controls
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
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11 |
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10 |
7 |
8 |
6
9 1 
3 2 
4
5
Figure 1. Controls and Indicators
See Figure 1 for the locations of items 1 through 11, below.
1.
ERASE button - Erases Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs), and “Freeze Frame” data from your vehicle’s computer, and resets Monitor status.
2.
DTC SCROLL button - Displays the DTC View screen and/or scrolls the LCD display to view DTCs when more than one DTC is present.
3.
POWER/LINK button - When the Code Reader IS NOT connected to a vehicle, turns the Code Reader “On” and “ Off”. When the Code Reader is connected to a vehicle, links the Code Reader to the vehicle’s PCM to retrieve diagnostic data from the computer’s memory.
4.
ENTER/FREEZE FRAME button - When in MENU mode, confirms the selected option or value. When retrieving and viewing DTCs, displays Freeze Frame data for the highest priority code.
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Code Reader Controls
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
5.
DOWN button - When in MENU mode, scrolls DOWN through the menu and submenu selection options. When retrieving and viewing DTCs, scrolls down through the current display screen to display any additional data.
6.
UP button - When in MENU mode, scrolls UP through the menu and submenu selection options. When retrieving and viewing DTCs, scrolls ups through the current display screen to display any additional data.
7.GREEN LED - Indicates that all engine systems are running normally (all Monitors on the vehicle are active and performing their diagnostic testing, and no DTCs are present).
8.YELLOW LED - Indicates there is a possible problem. A “Pending” DTC is present and/or some of the vehicle’s emission monitors have not run their diagnostic testing.
9.RED LED - Indicates there is a problem in one or more of the vehicle’s systems. The red LED is also used to show that DTC(s) are present. DTCs are shown on the Code Reader’s LCD display. In this case, the Multifunction Indicator (“Check Engine”) lamp on the vehicle’s instrument panel will light steady on.
10.LCD Display - Displays settings Menu and submenus, test results, Code Reader functions and Monitor status information. See DISPLAY FUNCTIONS, on next page, for more details.
11.CABLE - Connects the Code Reader to the vehicle’s Data Link Connector (DLC).
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Code Reader Controls
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
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10 |
11 |
12 |
3 |
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14 |
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Figure 2. Display Functions
See Figure 2 for the locations of items 1 through 16, below.
1.I/M MONITOR STATUS field - Identifies the I/M Monitor status area.
2.Monitor icons - Indicate which Monitors are supported by the vehicle under test, and whether or not the associated Monitor has run its diagnostic testing (Monitor status). When a Monitor icon is solid, it indicates that the associated Monitor has completed its diagnostic testing. When a Monitor icon is flashing, it indicates that the vehicle supports the associated Monitor, but the Monitor has not yet run its diagnostic testing.
3.
Vehicle icon - Indicates whether or not the Code Reader is being properly powered through the vehicle’s Data Link Connector (DLC). A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being powered through the vehicle’s DLC connector.
4.
Link icon - Indicates whether or not the Code Reader is communicating (linked) with the vehicle’s on-board computer. When visible, the Code Reader is communicating with the computer. If the Link icon is not visible, the Code Reader is not communicating with the computer.
5.
Computer icon - When this icon is visible it indicates that the Code Reader is linked to a personal computer. An optional “PC Link Kit” is available that makes it possible to upload retrieved data to a personal computer.
6.
Code Reader Internal Battery icon - When visible, indicates the Code Reader batteries are “low” and should be replaced.
7.DTC Display Area - Displays the Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) number. Each fault is assigned a code number that is specific to that fault.
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Code Reader Controls
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
8.Test Data Display Area - Displays DTC definitions, Freeze Frame data, and other pertinent test information messages.
9.MIL icon - Indicates the status of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL). The MIL icon is visible only when a DTC has commanded the MIL on the vehicle’s dashboard to light.
10.CODE icon - Identifies the Code Number Sequence display area.
11.PENDING icon - Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a “Pending” code.
12.Code Number Sequence - The Code Reader assigns a sequence number to each DTC that is present in the computer’s memory, starting with “01.” This number indicates which code is currently displayed. Code number “01” is always the highest priority code, and the one for which “Freeze Frame” data has been stored.
If “01” is a “Pending” code, there may or may not be “Freeze Frame” data stored in memory.
13.Code Enumerator - Indicates the total number of codes retrieved from the vehicle’s computer.
14.
Generic DTC icon - When visible, indicates that the currently displayed DTC is a “generic” or universal code.
15.
Enhanced DTC icon - When visible, indicates that the currently displayed DTC is a Manufacturer Specific Code.
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Onboard Diagnostics
COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS
COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS
The Introduction of Electronic Engine Controls
Electronic Computer Control Systems make it possible for vehicle manufacturers to comply with the tougher emissions and fuel efficiency standards mandated by
State and Federal Governments.
As a result of increased air pollution (smog) in large 
cities, such as Los Angeles, the California Air Resources 
Board (CARB) and the Environmental Protection Agency 
(EPA) set new regulations and air pollution standards to 
deal with the problem. To further complicate matters, the 
energy crisis of the early 1970s caused a sharp increase in
fuel prices over a short period. As a result, vehicle manufacturers were not only required to comply with the new emis-
sions standards, they also had to make their vehicles more fuelefficient. Most vehicles were required to meet a miles-per-gallon (MPG) standard set by the U.S. Federal Government.
Precise fuel delivery and spark timing are needed to reduce vehicle emissions. Mechanical engine controls in use at the time (such as ignition points, mechanical spark advance and the carburetor) responded too slowly to driving conditions to properly control fuel delivery and spark timing. This made it difficult for vehicle manufacturers to meet the new standards.
A new Engine Control System had to be designed and integrated with the engine controls to meet the stricter standards. The new system had to:
■Respond instantly to supply the proper mixture of air and fuel for any driving condition (idle, cruising, low-speed driving, high-speed driving, etc.).
■Calculate instantly the best time to “ignite” the air/fuel mixture for maximum engine efficiency.
■Perform both these tasks without affecting vehicle performance or fuel economy.
Vehicle Computer Control Systems can perform millions of calculations each second. This makes them an ideal substitute for the slower mechanical engine controls. By switching from mechanical to electronic engine controls, vehicle manufacturers are able to control fuel delivery and spark timing more precisely. Some newer Computer Control Systems also provide control over other vehicle functions, such as transmission, brakes, charging, body, and suspension systems.
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Onboard Diagnostics
COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS
The Basic Engine Computer Control System
The Computer Control System consists of an on-board computer and several related control devices (sensors, switches, and actuators).
The on-board computer is the heart of the Computer 
Control System. The computer contains several programs 
with preset reference values for air/fuel ratio, spark or igni- 
tion timing, injector pulse width, engine speed, etc. 
Separate values are provided for various driving conditions, 
such as idle, low speed driving, high-speed driving, low load,
or high load. The preset reference values represent the ideal air/fuel mixture, spark timing, transmission gear selection, etc., for any driving condition. These values are programmed
by the vehicle manufacturer, and are specific to each vehicle model.
Most on-board computers are located inside the vehicle behind the dashboard, under the passenger’s or driver’s seat, or behind the right kick panel. However, some manufacturers may still position it in the engine compartment.
Vehicle sensors, switches, and actuators are located throughout the engine, and are connected by electrical wiring to the on-board computer. These devices include oxygen sensors, coolant temperature sensors, throttle position sensors, fuel injectors, etc. Sensors and switches are input devices. They provide signals representing current engine operating conditions to the computer. Actuators are output devices. They perform actions in response to commands received from the computer.
The on-board computer receives information inputs from sensors and switches located throughout the engine. These devices monitor critical engine conditions such as coolant temperature, engine speed, engine load, throttle position, air/fuel ratio etc.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Fuel Injectors
Idle Air Control
EGR Valve
Ignition Module
On-Board
Computer
INPUT DEVICES
TYPICAL COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM
Coolant Temperature Sensor |
INPUT DEVICES |
Throttle Position Sensor |
Oxygen Sensors |
Fuel Injectors |
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