Epson LQ-2170 Service Manual

EPSON TERMINAL PRINTER

LQ-2170

SERVICE MANUAL

EPSON

4005735

NOTICE

written permission is forbidden.

• The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.

• All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this manual. However, should any errors be

detected, SEIKO EPSON would greatly appreciate being informed of them.

• The above notwithstanding SEIKO EPSON can assume no responsibility for any errors in this manual or the

consequences thereof

CORPORATION Nagano, Japan

PRECAUTIONS

Precautionary notations throughout the tect are categorized relative to 1) personal injury, and 2) damage to equipment:

DANGER Singnals a precaution which, if ignored, could ressult in serious or fatal personal

injury, Great caution should be exercised in performing procedures preceded by a DANGER headings.

WARNING Singnals a precaution which, if ignored, could result in damage to equipment.

The precautionary measures itemized below should always be observed when performing repair /maintenance procedures.

DANGER

1. ALWAYS DISCONNECT THE PRODUCT FROM BOTH THE POWER SOURCE AND THE HOST COMPUTER BEFORE PERFORMING ANY MAINTENANCE OR REPAIR PROCEDURE.

2. NO WORK SHOULD BE PERFORMED ON THE UNIT BY PERSONS UNFAMIAR WITH

BASIC SAFETY MEASURES AS DICTATED FOR ALL ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS IN THEIR LINE OF WORK

3. WHEN PERFORMING TESTING AS DISCATED WITHIN THIS MANUL, DO NOT CONNECT THE UNIT TO A POWER SOURCE UNIT INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. WHEN THE POWER SUPPLY CABLE MUST BE CONNECTED, USE EXTREME CAUTION IN WORKING ON POWER SUPPLY AND OTHER ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS.

WARNING

1. REPAIRS ON EPSON PRODUCT SHOULD BE PERFORMED ONLY BY AN EPSON CERTIFIED REPAIR TECHNICIAN.

2. MAKE CERTAIN THAT THE SOURCE VOLTAGE IS THE SAME AS THE RATED VOLTAGE, LISTED ON THE SERIAL NUMBER/RATIG PLATE. IF THE EPSON PRODUCT HAS A PRIMARY-AC RATING DIFERENT FORM THE AVAILABLE POWER SOURCE, DO NOT CONNECTE IT TO THE POWER SOURCE.

3. ALWAYS VERIFY THAT THE EPSON PRODUCT HAS BEEN DISCONNECTED FROM THE POWER SOURCE BEFORE REMOVING OR REPLACING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS AND/OR INDDIVIDUAL CHIPS.

4. IN ORDER TO PROTECT SENSITIVE m P CHIPS AND CIRCUITRY, USE STATIC DISCHARGE EQUIPMENT, SUCH AS ANTI-STATIC WRIST STRAPS, WHEN ACCESSING INTERNAL COMPONENTS.

5. REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING COMPONENTS ONLY WITH THOSE COMPONENTS RECOMMENTED BY THE MAANUFACTURE; INTRODUCTION OF SECOND-SOURCE ICs OR OTHER NONAPPROVED COMPONENTS MAY DAMAGE THE PRODUCT AND VOID ANY APPLICABLE EPSON WARRANTY.

PREFACE

This manual describes functions, theory of electrical and mechanical operations, maintenance, and repair of the FX-2170. The instructions and procedures included herein are intended for the experienced repair technician, and attention should be given to the precautions on the preceding page. The chapters are organized as follows:

Chapter 1 - Provides a general product overview, Lists specifications, and illustrates the main

components of the printer. Chapter 2 - Describes the theory of printer operation. Chapter 3 - Includes a step-by-step guide for product disassembly and assembly. Chapter 4 - Includes a step-by step guide for addjustement. Chapter 5 - Provides Epson-approved techniques for troubleshooting. Chapter 6 - Describes prevetive maintenance techniques.

❇ The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.

REVISION SHEET

Revision Issued Date Revision Page

Rev. A December 5, 1995 1st issued

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION CHAPTER 2. OPERATION PRINCIPLES CHAPTER 3. DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY CHAPTER 4. ADJUSTMENTS CHAPTER 5. TROUBLESHOOTING CHAPTER 6. MAINTENANCE APPENDIX

CHAPTER 1 Product Description

Table of Contents

1.1 Specifications 1-1

1.1.1 Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.1.2 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.2 Hardware Specifications 1-4

1.2.1 Printing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1.2.2 Printing Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

1.2.3 Paper Handling Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

1.2.4 Paper Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

1.2.5 Ribbon Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

1.2.6 Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

1.2.7 Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

1.2.8 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

1.2.9 Safety Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

1.2.10 CE Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

1.2.11 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

1.2.12 Cut Sheet Feeder Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

1.3 Firmware Specifications 1-20

1.3.1 Control Codes and Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

1.3.2 Interface Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

1.3.2.1 Parallel Interface (Forward Channel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

1.3.2.2 Parallel Interface (Reverse Channel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23

1.3.2.3 Interface Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

1.3.2.4 Preventing the Host from Data Time-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

1.3.3 Paper Handling Firmware Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

1.3.4 Paper Width Sensor Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

1.4 Operating Instructions 1-29

1.4.1 Control Panel Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

1.4.2 Status Codes Indicated by the LEDs and Beeper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

1.4.3 Micro Adjustment Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

1.4.4 Tear Off Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

1.4.5 Self-test Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

1.4.6 Hexadecimal Dump Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

1.4.7 Default Setting Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33

1.4.8 EEPROM Clear Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33

1.4.9 Bidirectional Adjustment Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34

1.5 Initialization 1-34

1.5.1 Software Initialization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34

1.5.2 Operation Initialization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34

1.5.3 Power On Initialization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34

1.6 MAIN COMPONENTS 1-35

1.6.1 C165 MAIN Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36

1.6.2 C165 PSB/PSE Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36

1.6.3 C165 PNL Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37

1.6.4 Printer Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37

1.6.5 Housing Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-38

List of Figures

Figure 1-1. Exterior View of the LQ-2170 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Figure 1-2. Pin Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Figure 1-3. Printable Area for Cut Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Figure 1-4. Printable Area for Envelopes and Card Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Figure 1-5. Printable Area for Continuous Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Figure 1-6. Label Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Figure 1-7. Printable Area for Roll Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

Figure 1-8. Data Transmission Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

Figure 1-9. Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

Figure 1-10. Self-test Printout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

Figure 1-11. Hexadecimal Dump Printout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

Figure 1-12. Main Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35

Figure 1-13. C165 MAIN Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36

Figure 1-14. C165 PSB/PSE Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36

Figure 1-15. C165 PNL Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37

Figure 1-16. Printer Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37

Figure 1-17. Housing Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-38

List of Tables

Table 1-1. Items Included with the Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Table 1-2. Consumables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Table 1-3. Optional Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Table 1-4. Print Speed and Printable Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Table 1-5. Print Resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Table 1-6. Paper Path and Paper Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Table 1-7. Paper Thickness Lever Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Table 1-8. Specifications for Cut Sheets (Single Sheet, not Multipart) . . . . . . . . 1-8

Table 1-9. Specifications for Cut Sheets (Multipart). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Table 1-10. Printable Area for Cut Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Table 1-11. Specifications for Envelopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

Table 1-12. Specifications for Card Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

Table 1-13. Printable Area for Envelopes and Card Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Table 1-14. Specifications for Continuous Paper (Single Sheet and Multipart ) 1-12

Table 1-15. Printable Area for Continuous Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Table 1-16. Specifications for Continuous Paper with Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Table 1-17. Specifications for Roll Paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

Table 1-18. Printable Area for Roll Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

Table 1-19. Ribbon Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

Table 1-20. Electrical Specifications for 120 V Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

Table 1-21. Electrical Specifications for 220/240 V Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

Table 1-22. Environmental Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

Table 1-23. Reliability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

Table 1-24. Safety Information for Printer Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

Table 1-25. CE Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

Table 1-26. Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

Table 1-27. Hopper Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

Table 1-28. Stacker Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

Table 1-29. Environmental Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

Table 1-30. Character Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

Table 1-31. Pin Assignment of Forward Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

Table 1-32. Minimum and Maximum Timings for Data Transmission . . . . . . . . 1-22

Table 1-33. Pin Assignments for Reverse Channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23

Table 1-34. Paper Handling Sequence 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

Table 1-35. Paper Handling Sequence 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

Table 1-36. Paper Handling Sequence 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

Table 1-37. Paper Handling Sequence 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

Table 1-38. Paper Handling Sequence 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

Table 1-39. Paper Handling Sequence 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

Table 1-40. Paper Width Sensor Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

Table 1-41. Operations in Normal Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

Table 1-42. Operations at Power On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

Table 1-43. Operations for Default Setting Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

Table 1-44. Indicators and Beeper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

Table 1-45. EEPROM Initialization Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

1.1 Specifications

These specifications provide statistical information for the the LQ-2170 serial impact dot matrix printer.

1.1.1. Features

The LQ-2170 is a 24pin serial impact dot-matrix printer suitable for the VAR (value added reseller) market. The major features of this printer are:

Print speed High speed draft 440 characters per second (cps)

Draft 330 cps LQ 110 cps at 10 characters per inch (cpi)

Feeding method Friction feed (front, rear)

Push tractor feed (front, rear) Push and pull tractor feed (front, rear) Pull tractor feed (front, rear, bottom)

Feeder Front push tractor, rear push tractor, CSF bin 1 / bin 2 (optional)

Pull tractor (optional) , roll paper ❊ holder (optional)

Paper/media Single sheets, continuous paper, multipart paper, envelopes, card stock

labels, roll paper

Fonts 9 LQ and 1 draft bitmap typefaces

8 barcode fonts

Character tables Standard version 11 tables

NLSP version 20 tables Input buffer 64KB Acoustic noise 53 dB (A), ISO 7779 pattern Reliability Total print volume 7.5 million lines, except printhead

MTBF 6000 power on hours (POH)

Printhead life 400 million strokes/wire

Ribbon life 8 million characters Interfaces Bidirectional parallel interface (IEEE-P1284 nibble mode supported)

Type B I /F Level 2 (option) Control codes ESC/P2 and IBM 2390/2391 plus emulation Copy capability 1 original + 4 copies Control panel functions Font, Pitch, Pause, Tear off, Bin, LF/FF, Load/Eject, Micro Adjust,

Default setting

Refer to Figure 1-1 on the next page for an exterior view of the FX-2170. ❊ Roll paper is not available on all models, and not available in the U.S.

Rev.A 1-1

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

Figure 1-1 Exterior View of the LQ-2170

1-2 Rev.A

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

1.1.2. Accessories

• Items included in the printer carton

Table 1-1 Items Included with the Printer

Enclosed Items Quantity

User’s guide 1 Driver diskette 1 Ribbon cartridge 1 Power cord 1

• Consumables

Table 1-2 Consumables

Consumable Item Part Number

Ribbon cartridge S015083 Ribbon pack S010031

• Options

Table 1-3 Optional Units

Unit

High-capacity cut sheet feeder 1 (bin 1) C80673* Second bin cut sheet feeder 2 (bin 2) C80674* Pull tractor unit C80032* Roll paper holder #8310 Serial I/F card C82305* / C82306* 32KB intelligent serial I/F card C82307* / C82308* 32KB intelligent parallel I/F card C82310* / C82311* Local Talk I/F card C82312* 32KB IEEE-488 I/F card C82313* Coax I/F card C82314*

Description

Twinax I/F card C82315* Ethernet I/F card C82331*

* The number represented by an asterisk varies, depending on the country.

Rev.A 1-3

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

1.2 Hardware Specifications

This section provides detailed hardware specifications for the LQ-2170.

1.2.1 Printing Method

Printing method Impact dot matrix Color Black Number of pins 24 pins Pin arrangement Pin diameter 0.21 mm (0.00083 inch)

12 × 2 staggered

2.822 mm (8/72")

#3 #4

#5 #6

#7 #8

#9 #10

#11 #12

#13 #14

#15 #16

#17 #18

0.847 mm (1/30’’)

0.353 mm (1/72’’)

Head Center

Figure 1-2. Pin Configuration

❇ The figure above shows the configuration of pins on the paper.

Print direction Bidirectional, with logic seeking for text, and unidirectional for graphics.

(Bidirectional printing of graphics can be selected with a printer setting or software command.)

1-4 Rev.A

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

1.2.2 Printing Specifications

Copy capability 1 original + 4 copies

Print speed and printable columns

Table 1-4 Print Speed and Printable Columns

Print Speed (cps)

Print Mode Character Pitch Printable Columns

Normal Multipart

High-speed draft 10 cpi 136 440 293

10 cpi 136 330 220

Draft

Draft condensed

NLQ

LQ Condensed

Resolution

12 cpi 163 396 264 15 cpi 204 495 330 17 cpi 233 283 189 20 cpi 272 330 220 10 cpi 136 110 73 12 cpi 163 132 88 15 cpi 204 165 110 17 cpi 233 189 126 20 cpi 272 220 147

Table 1-5 Print Resolution

Print Mode Horizontal Density Vertical Density Adjacent Dot Printed?

High-speed draft 90 dpi 180 dpi No

Draft 120 dpi 180 dpi No

Draft condensed 240 dpi 180 dpi No

NLQ 360 dpi 180 dpi No

8 pin bit image

24 pin bit image 60, 90, 120, or 180 dpi 180 dpi Yes

Raster graphics 180 or 360 dpi 180 or 360 dpi Yes

Acoustic noise 53 dB (A), ISO 7779 pattern

60, 80, 90, or 120 dpi 60 dpi Yes

120 or 240 dpi 60 dpi No

360 dpi 180 dpi No

Rev.A 1-5

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

1.2.3 Paper Handling Specifications

Feeding method Friction feed (front, rear)

Push tractor feed (front, rear) Push and pull feed (front, rear, bottom)

Feeder Front push tractor, rear push tractor, CSF bin 1 /bin 2 (optional) Pull

tractor (optional) and roll paper holder (optional)

Paper path Manual insertion Front or rear in, top out

CSF Rear in, top out

Tractor Front, rear, or bottom in, top out Line spacing 1/6 inch or programmable in increments of 1/360 inch. Feed speed 1/6 inch feed 45 msec

Continuous feed 0.127 m /sec ( 5.0 inches/sec)

Release lever Set the release lever, using the following table.

Table 1-6 Paper Path and Paper Types

Paper Types

Lever

Position

Paper Entrance

Single Sheet Labels

Card Stock /

Envelopes

Multipart Roll Paper

Front insertion OK NO OK ❇ OK NO

Rear insertion OK NO OK OK NO

Friction

Front tractor

Rear tractor

Full release

❇ This symbol after “OK” means you need to check the paper type before using it with this paper path.

CSF bin 1 OK NO OK OK NO CSF bin 2 OK NO NO NO NO

Roll paper holder NO NO NO NO OK

Push OK OK ❇ NO OK NO

Push-pull OK OK ❇ NO OK NO

Push OK OK ❇ NO OK NO

Push-pull OK OK ❇ NO OK NO

Pull (front bottom) OK OK NO OK NO

Pull (rear) OK OK ❇ NO OK NO

1-6 Rev.A

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

Paper thickness lever Set the paper thickness lever to the appropriate position, as

indicated in the following table.

Table 1-7 Paper Thickness Lever Positions

Paper Thickness ( inches) Paper Thickness (mm)

Lever Position

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

0 0.0024 0.0043 0.06 0.11 1 0.0047 0.0067 0.12 0.18 2 0.0075 0.0098 0.19 0.25 3 0.0102 0.0122 0.26 0.31 4 0.0126 0.0138 0.32 0.35 5 0.0142 0.0154 0.36 0.39 6 0.0157 0.0205 0.40 0.52

———————— Precautions for Handling Paper ————————

1. Friction feed

Set the release lever to the FRICTION position and install the paper eject assembly

Load paper from the front or top entrance. Do not use continuous paper. Do not perform any reverse paper feeds within the top 8.5 mm (0.33 inch) and bottom 22 mm

(0.87 inch) area.

Do not perform reverse feeds greater than 1/6 inch after the paper end has been detected.

Use the paper-tension unit.

Insert the multipart cut sheet forms only from the front.

2. Push tractor feed

Set the release lever to the REAR PUSH/FRONT PUSH position and install the paper eject

assembly.

Load paper from the rear or front entrance.

Release the friction feed mechanism.

Multipart paper must be carbonless. Use the paper-tension unit. Do not perform reverse feeds greater than 1/6 inch. Do not perform reverse feeds after the paper end has been detected, because accuracy of

paper feeding cannot be assured.

3. Pull tractor feed

Set the release lever to the PULL position.

Load paper from the front, rear, or bottom entrance. (The front or bottom entrance is recommended for thick paper or labels.)

Remove the paper eject assembly and attach the pull tractor unit.

Insert paper from either from the front or bottom.

Multipart paper must be carbonless. Do not perform reverse feeds.

Rev.A 1-7

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

4. Push-pull tractor feed

Set the release lever to the REAR PUSH/FRONT PUSH position.

Load paper from the front or rear entrance. Remove the paper eject assembly and attach the pull tractor unit. Remove any slack in the paper between the platen and pull tractor. Precisely adjust the horizontal position of the pull tractor and push tractor. Multipart paper must be carbonless. Do not perform reverse feeds greater than 1/6 inch. Do not perform reverse feeds after the paper end has been detected.

1.2.4 Paper Specifications

This section describes the printable area and types of paper that can be used in this printer.

Cut Sheets

Paper/ media specifications The following table shows specifications for cut sheets.

Table 1-8 Specifications for Cut Sheets (Single Sheet, Not Multipart)

Front Entry Rear Entry

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Width 101 mm (4.0") 420 mm (16.5") 101 mm (4.0") 420 mm (16.5") Length 147 mm (5.8") 420 mm (16.5") 101 mm (4.0") 420 mm (16.5") Thickness 0.065 mm(0.0025") 0.14 mm (0.0055") 0.065 mm(0.0025") 0.14 mm (0.0055")

Weight 52.3 g/m Quality Plain paper, recycled paper.

Not curled, folded, or crumpled.

(14 lb) 90 g/m2(24 lb) 52.3 g/m2(14 lb) 90 g/m2(24 lb)

Plain paper, recycled paper. Not curled, folded, or crumpled.

Table 1-9 Specifications for Cut Sheets (Multipart)

Front Entry Rear Entry

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Width 101 mm (4.0") 420 mm (16.5") 101 mm (4.0") 420 mm (16.5") Length 147 mm (5.8") 420 mm (16.5") 101 mm(4.0") 420 mm (16.5") Copies 1 original + 4 copies 1 original + 4 copies Total

thickness Weight ❇ 40 g/m

0.12 mm (0.0047") 0.39 mm (0.015") 0.12 mm (0.0047") 0.39 mm (0.015")

(12 lb) 58 g/m2(15 lb) 40 g/m2(12 lb) 58 g/m2(15 lb)

Quality Plain paper, recycled paper.

Not curled, folded, or crumpled.

Binding A line of glue at the top or one side of the

form.

❇ This weight is for one sheet of the multipart form.

1-8 Rev.A

Plain paper, recycled paper. Not curled, folded, or crumpled.

A line of glue at the top of the form.

Pri ntab le area

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

Printable area Figure 1-3 shows the printable area for cut sheets. The table

below defines the abbreviations used in the figure.

Table 1-10 Printable Area for Cut Sheets

Abbreviations Single Sheet Multipart

PW (width) Refer to Table 1-8. Refer to Table 1-9. PL (length) Refer to Table 1-8. Refer to Table 1-9. LM (left margin) 3 mm (0.12") or more

(PW ≤ 364 mm (14.33")) 25 mm (0.98") or more (PW = 420 mm (16.5"))

RM (right margin) 3 mm or more

(PW ≤ 364 mm (14.33")) 25 mm (0.98") or more

(PW = 420 mm (16.5")) TM (top margin) 4.2 mm (0.17") or more 4.2 mm (0.17") or more BM (bottom margin) 4.2 mm (0.17") or more 4.2 mm (0.17") or more

3 mm (0.12") or more (PW ≤ 364 mm (14.33")) 25 mm (0.98") or more (PW = 420 mm (16.5"))

3 mm or more (PW ≤ 364 mm (14.33")) 25 mm (0.98") or more (PW = 420 mm (16.5"))

Figure 1-3 Printable Area for Cut Sheets

Rev.A 1-9

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

Envelopes and Card Stock

Paper/media specifications The following tables gives specifications for envelopes and card stock.

Table 1-11 Specifications for Envelopes

Front Entry Rear Entry

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

No. 6 envelopes

No. 10 envelopes

Total thickness —— —— 0.16 mm (0.0063") 0.52 mm (0.020")

Weight —— —— 45 g/m Quality

❇ Printing on envelopes is available only at normal temperatures and humidity. ❇ Insert envelopes from the rear entrance only. ❇ Insert the longer side of the envelope horizontally.

Width —- 166 mm (6.5") Length —- 92 mm (3.6") Width —- 240 mm (9.5") Length —- 104 mm (4.1")

——

Differences in thickness in the printable area must be within 0.25 mm (0.0098").

(12 lb) 91 g/m2(24 lb)

Bond paper, plain paper, or airmail. No glue at the flap. Not curled, folded, or crumpled.

Table 1-12 Specifications for Card Stock

Front Entry Rear Entry

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Width 105 mm (4.13") 148 mm (5.83") 105 mm (4.13") 148 mm (5.83") Length 148 mm (5.83") 148 mm (5.83") 105 mm (4.13") 148 mm (5.83") Thickness 0.22 mm (0.0087") 0.22 mm (0.0087")

Weight 192 g/m Quality Plain paper, recycled paper.

Not curled, folded, or crumpled.

❇ Printing on card stock is available only at normal temperatures and humidity. ❇ When the longer side of an A6 card is to be inserted horizontally, insert it from the rear entrance.

(51 lb) 192 g/m2(51 lb)

Plain paper, recycled paper. Not curled, folded, or crumpled.

1-10 Rev.A

Printable area

LM RM

Print abl e ar e a

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

Printable area The figure below shows the printable area for envelopes and card stock.

Each abbreviation is defined in the following table.

Table 1-13 Printable Area for Envelopes and Card Stock

Abbreviations Envelopes Card Stock

PW (width) Refer to Table 1-11. Refer to Table 1-12. PL (length) Refer to Table 1-11. Refer to Table 1-12. LM (left margin) 3 mm (0.12") or more 3 mm (0.12") or more RM (right margin) 3 mm (0.12") or more 3 mm (0.12") or more TM (top margin) 4.2 mm (0.17") or more 4.2 mm (0.17") or more BM (bottom margin) 4.2 mm (0.17") or more 4.2 mm (0.17") or more

Figure 1-4 Printable Area for Envelopes and Card Stock

Rev.A 1-11

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

Continuous Paper

Paper/media specifications The following table gives specifications continuous paper.

Table 1-14 Specifications for Continuous Paper (Single Sheet and Multipart)

Front Entry Rear Entry Bottom Entry

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Width 101 mm

(4.0")

Length 101 mm

(4.0")

406 mm

(16")

559 mm

(22")

101 mm

(4.0")

101 mm

(4.0")

406 mm

(16")

559 mm

(22")

101 mm

(4.0")

101 mm

(4.0")

406 mm

(16")

559 mm

(22") Copies 1 original + 4 copies 1 original + 4 copies 1 original + 4 copies Total thickness 0.065 mm

(0.0025")

Weight (not multipart)

Weight (one sheet of a multipart form)

52.3 g/m (14 lb)

40 g/m

(12 lb)

Types of paper Plain paper.

Recycled paper. Carbonless multipart.

Binding Dots of glue or paper

staples (both sides).

0.39 mm (0.015")

82 g/m

(22 lb)

58 g/m

(15 lb)

0.065 mm (0.0025")

52.3 g/m

(14 lb)

40 g/m

(12 lb)

Plain paper. Recycled paper. Carbonless multipart.

Dots of glue or paper staples (both sides).

0.39 mm (0.015")

82 g/m2

(22 lb)

58 g/m

(15 lb)

0.065 mm (0.0025")

52.3 g/m

(14 lb)

40 g/m

(12 lb)

Plain paper. Recycled paper. Carbonless multipart.

Dots of glue or paper staples (both sides).

0.39 mm (0.015")

82 g/m2

(22 lb)

58 g/m

(15 lb)

1-12 Rev.A

Printable area

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

Printable area The figure below shows the printable area for continuous paper.

Each abbreviation is defined in the following table.

Table 1- 15 Printable Area for Continuous Paper

Abbreviations Continuous Paper

PW (width) Refer to Table 1-14. PL (length) Refer to Table 1-14. LM (left margin) 13 mm (0.51") or more RM (right margin) 13 mm (0.51") or more TM (top margin) 4.2 mm (0.17") or more BM (bottom margin) 4.2 mm (0.17") or more

Figure 1-5 Printable Area for Continuous Paper

Rev.A 1-13

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

Continuous Paper with Labels

Paper/media specifications The following table gives the specifications for continuous paper with

labels.

Table 1-16 Specifications for Continuous Paper with Labels

Front Entry Rear Entry Bottom Entry

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Label size See the figure below —- See the figure below Base sheet width 101 mm

(4.0")

Base sheet length (one page)

101 mm

(4.0")

Base sheet thickness 0.07 mm

(0,0028")

Total thickness 0.16 mm

(0.0063")

Label weight 68 g/m

406 mm

(16")

559 mm

(22")

0.09 mm

(0.00352)

0.19 mm

(0.0075")

(17 lb) —- 68 g/m2(17 lb)

—- —-

0.16 mm (0.0063")

Quality Avery continuous

form labels Avery mini-line or

—equivalent quality labels

❇ Printing on labels is available only at normal temperatures and humidity. ❇ The base sheet for the labels must be continuous paper. ❇ Continuous paper with labels should be inserted from the front or bottom entrance.

2.5inch (63.5mm) min.

101 mm

406 mm

(4.0")

101 mm

559 mm

(4.0")

0.19 mm

(0.0075")

0.19 mm

(0.0075")

Avery continuous form labels Avery mini-line or equivalent quality labels

(16")

(22")

15/16inch (23.8mm) min.

Label

R0.1inch (2.5mm) min.

Figure 1-6 Label Size

Printable size and area The figure above is the printable size for the labels.

The printable area for the base sheet containing the labels depends on conditions in Figure 1-5 and Table 1-15.

1-14 Rev.A

Printabl e ar e a

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

Roll Paper

Note: Roll paper is not available in all models, and not available in the U.S.

Paper/media specifications The following table shows specifications for roll paper.

Table 1-17 Specifications for Roll Paper

Front Entry Rear Entry

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Width —— 216 mm (8.5") Length —— —— Thickness —— —— 0.07 mm (0.0028") 0.09 mm (0.0035")

Weight —— —— 52.3g/m

(14 lb) 82 g/m2(22 lb)

Quality

——

Plain paper, recycled paper. Not curled, folded, or crumpled.

Printable area Figure 1-7 gives the printable area for roll paper.

Each abbreviation is defined in the following table.

Table 1-18 Printable Area for Roll Paper

Abbreviations Roll Paper

PW (width) See Table 1-17. PL (length) See Table 1-17. LM 3 mm (0.12") or more RM 3 mm (0.12") or more TM 4.2 mm (0.17") or more BM 4.2 mm (0.17") or more

Rev.A 1-15

Figure 1-7 Printable Area for Roll Paper

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

1.2.5 Ribbon Specifications Table 1-19 Statistics on the Ribbon

Item Specification

Type Fabric Color Black Ribbon life 8 million characters (draft, 10 cpi, 48 dots/ character) Dimension 506.0 mm (W) × 123.5 mm (D) × 23.0 mm (H)

19.92" (W) x 4.86" (D) x .91" (H)

1.2.6 Electrical Specifications

Tables 1-20 and 1-21 provide statistics on electrical ratings and consumption.

Table 1-20 Electrical Specifications for the 120 V Version

Item Specifications

Rated voltage 120 VAC Input voltage range 103.5 to 132 VAC Rated frequency range 50 to 60 Hz Input frequency range 49.5 to 60.5 Hz Rated current 1.0 A (max. 2.6 A) Power consumption Approx. 62 W (self-test in draft mode at 10 cpi) Insulation resistance 10 MΩ min. (between AC line and chassis, 500 VDC) Dielectric strength 1000 VAC rms. 1 min. or

1200 VAC rms. 1 sec. (between AC line and chassis)

Table 1-21 Electrical Specifications for the 220/240 V Version

Item Specifications

Rated voltage 220 to 240 VAC Input voltage range 198 to 264 VAC Rated frequency range 50 to 60 Hz Input frequency range 49.5 to 60.5 Hz Rated current 0.5 A (maximum 1.3 A) Power consumption Approx. 62 W (self-test in draft mode at 10 cpi) Insulation resistance 10 MΩ min. (between AC line and chassis, 500 VDC) Dielectric strength 1500 VAC rms. 1 min. (between AC line and chassis)

1-16 Rev.A

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

1.2.7 Environmental Conditions

Table 1-22 explains the conditions the printer requires during operation and when not operating.

Table 1-22 Environmental Requirements

Item Specifications

Temperature 5 to 35° C/41 to 95° F ( operating ❇ 1)

15 to 25° C/59 to 77° F (operating ❇ 1, ❇ 2) ä30 to 60° C/–22 to 140° F (non-operating)

Humidity 10 to 80 % RH (operating ❇ 1)

30 to 60 % RH (operating ❇ 1, ❇ 2) 0 to 85 % RH (non-operating ❇ 1)

Resistance to shock 1 G, within 1 ms (operating)

2 G, within 2 ms (non-operating ❇ 3)

Resistance to vibration 0.25 G, 10 to 55 Hz (operating )

0.50 G, 10 to 55 Hz (non-operating ❇ 3)

❇ 1: Without condensation. ❇ 2: During printing on multipart paper, envelopes, card stock, or labels. ❇ 3: In shipment container.

1.2.8 Reliability

Table 1-23 gives maximum life and usage specifications.

Table 1-23 Reliability Statistics

Item Specification

Total print volume 7.5 million lines (except printhead) MTBF 6000 power on hours (POH) Printhead life 400 million strokes / wire Ribbon life 8 million characters

1.2.9 Safety Approvals

Table 1-24 provides information about the safety approvals the printer has met.

Table 1-24 Safety Information for Printer Models

120 V 230 V

Safety Standards UL1950 with D3

CSA C22.2 No,950 with D3

EN60950 (TüV. SEMKO, DEMKO, NEMKO, FIMKO )

EMI FCC part 15 subpart B class B

CSA C108.8

Rev.A 1-17

EN55022 (CISPR pub.22) class B

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

1.2.10 CE Marking

The following table lists CE marking information.

Table 1-25 CE Marking

Low Voltage Directive 73/23 / EEC EN60950 EMC Directive 89/336 / EEC EN55022 class B

EN50082-1 , IEC801-2 IEC801-3 , IEC801-4

Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments Directive 90/384/EEC EN45501

1.2.11 Physical Specifications

Table 1-26 provides printer dimensions and weight.

Table 1-26 Physical Specifications

Dimensions 639 mm (W) × 410 mm (D) × 257 mm (H)

25.16" (W) x 16.14" (D) x 10.12" (H)

Weight Approx. 13 kg (28.66 lb)

1.2.12 Cut Sheet Feeder Specifications

This printer has two CSF options: a high-capacity CSF and a 2nd bin CSF. The high-capacity CSF has special a paper-feed motor to load the paper quickly. The 2nd bin CSF can be connected to the high-capacity CSF to allow them to be used as a double bin CSF. The following table provides the specifications for these CSF options.

Hopper capacity

Table 1-27 Hopper Capacity

CSF Bin 1 CSF Bin 2

Single sheets 150 sheets (❇ 1) / 110 sheets (❇ 2)

185 sheets (❇ 3) / 135 sheets (❇ 4)

Envelopes 25 sheets (❇ 5)

30 sheets (❇ 6) Card stock 50 sheets (❇ 7) —Multipart paper 40 sheets (❇ 8) —-

❇ 1 : Plain paper (weight: 82 g/m ❇ 2 : Plain paper (weight: 82 g/m ❇ 3 : Plain paper (weight: 64 g/m ❇ 4 : Plain paper (weight: 64 g/m ❇ 5 : Envelopes (weight: 91 g/m ❇ 6 : Envelopes (weight: 45 g/m ❇ 7 : Card stock (weight: 192 g/m

, 22 lb) or recycled paper, except for A3-size paper.

, 22 lb) or recycled paper, A3 paper.

, 17 lb) , except for A3 paper.

, 17 lb), A3 paper.

, 24 lb)

, 12 lb)

, 51 lb; thickness: 0.22 mm, 0.0087")

❇ 8 : 1 original + 5 copies (thickness: 0.36 mm, 0.0142")

50 sheets (❇ 1) / 50 sheets (❇ 2) 60 sheets (❇ 3) / 60 sheets (❇ 4)

—-

1-18 Rev.A

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

Stacker capacity

Table 1-28 Capacity of the Stacker

CSF Bin 1 CSF Bin 2

Single sheets 140 sheets (❇ 1)

100 sheets (❇ 2)

Envelopes 15 sheets (❇ 3)

28 sheets (❇ 4)

——-

Card stock 30 sheets (❇ 5) ——Multipart 36 sheets (❇ 6) ——-

❇ 1: Single sheets (weight: 82 g/m ❇ 2: Single sheets (weight: 82 g/m ❇ 3: Envelopes (weight: 91 g/m ❇ 4: Envelopes (weight: 45 g/m ❇ 5: Card stock (weight : 192 g/m

, 22 lb), except for A3 paper

, 22 lb), A3 paper

, 24 lb)

, 12 lb)

, 51 lb; thickness: 0.22 mm, 0.0087")

❇ 6: 1 original + 5 copies (thickness: 0.36 mm, 0.0142")

Reliability

MCBF: 2 × 10

cycles

Environmental conditions

Table 1-29 Environmental Conditions

Operating Non Operating

Temperature 5 to 35° C (41 to 95° F) –30 to 60° C (–22 to 140° F) Humidity 15 to 80% RH (❇ 1, ❇ 3)

30 to 605 RH (❇ 2, ❇ 4)

❇ 1: Single sheets (plain, 64 g/m

❇ 2: Single sheets (plain, weight<64 g/m2

< weight < 82 g/m2;/17 lb < weight < 22 lb)

, 82 g/m2< weight/weight < 17 lb, 22 lb < weight)

5 to 85% RH (❇ 3)

Single sheets (recycled), multipart, envelopes, and card stock

❇ 3: Without condensation

Rev.A 1-19

Product Description LQ-2170 Service Manual

1.3 Firmware Specifications

This section provides detailed information about LQ-2170 firmware.

1.3.1 Control Codes and Fonts

Control codes ESC/P2 and IBM 2390/2391 plus emulations.

Typefaces Bitmap fonts

EPSON Draft 10 cpi, 12 cpi, 15 cpi EPSON Roman 10 cpi, 12 cpi, 15 cpi, proportional EPSON Sans Serif 10 cpi, 12 cpi, 15 cpi, proportional EPSON Courier 10 cpi, 12 cpi, 15 cpi, EPSON Prestige 10 cpi, 12 cpi EPSON Script 10 cpi EPSON OCR-B 10 cpi EPSON Orator 10 cpi EPSON Orator-S 10 cpi EPSON Script C Proportional

Scalable font

EPSON Roman 10.5pt., 8pt.~32pt. (every 2 pt.) EPSON Sans Serif 10.5pt., 8pt.~32pt. (every 2pt.) EPSON Roman T 10.5pt., 8pt.~32pt. (every 2pt.) EPSON Sans Serif H 10.5pt., 8pt.~32pt. (every 2pt.)

Bar code fonts

EAN-13, EAN-8, Interleaved 2 of 5, UPC-A, UPC-E, Code 39 Code 128, POSTNET

International character sets 13 countries

U.S.A., France, Germany, U.K., Denmark 1, Sweden, Italy, Spain 1, Japan, Norway, Denmark2, Spain2, Latin America

Character tables The standard version has 11 character tables and the NLSP version has 20

character tables, as shown in the following table.

Table 1-30 Character Tables

Version Character Tables

Italic PC-437 (U.S., Standard Eur.) PC-850 (Multilingual)

Standard Version

PC-860 (Portuguese) PC-861 (Icelandic) PC-865 (Nordic) Abicomp BRASCII Roman 8 ISO Latin 1 Italic PC- 437 (US, Standard Eur.) PC-850 (Multilingual)

PC- 863 (Canadian-French)

PC-437 Greek PC-852 (East Europe) PC-853 (Turkish) PC-855 (Cyrillic) PC-857 (Turkish) PC-866 (Russian)

NLSP Version

1-20 Rev.A

PC-869 (Greek) MAZOWAI (Poland) Code MJK (CSFR) ISO 8859-7 (Latin/Greek) ISO Latin 1T (Turkish) Bulgaria (Bulgarian) Estonia (Estonia) PC-744(LST 1283:1993) ISO Latin 2 PC-866 LAT (Latvia) PC-864 (Arabic)

LQ-2170 Service Manual Product Description

1.3.2 Interface Specifications

This printer provides a bidirectional 8-bit parallel interface and a Type B optional interface slot, standard.

1.3.2.1 Parallel Interface (Forward Channel)

Transmission mode 8-bit parallel, IEEE-P1284, compatibility mode Adaptable connector 57-30360 (Amphenol) or equivalent Synchronization Handshaking BUSY and Signal level TTL compatible (IEEE-P1284 level 1 device)

STROBE pulse

ACKNLG signals

Table 1-31 Pin Assignments for Forward Channel

No.

1 2 DATA1 20 In Parallel input data to the printer bit 0: LSB

3 DATA2 21 In bit 1 4 DATA3 22 In bit 2 5 DATA4 23 In bit 3 6 DATA5 24 In bit 4 7 DATA6 25 In bit 5 8 DATA7 26 In bit 6 9 DATA8 27 In bit 7: MSB

11 BUSY 29 Out

12 PE 28 Out

Signal

Name

STROBE 19 In

ACKNLG

Return

GND pin

28 Out

In /Out Function Description

Strobe pulse. Input data is latched at falling edge of the signal

This signal (negative pulse) indicates the printer has received data and is ready to accept more data.

This signal’s HIGH level means the printer is not ready to accept data.

This signal’s HIGH level means the printer has a paper-out error.

13 SLCT 28 Out Always HIGH when the printer is powered on. 14

36 18 Logic H —— Out This line is pulled up to + 5 V through 3.3KΩ resistor.

35 +5V —— Out This line is pulled up to +5 V through 3.3KΩ resistor. 17 Chassis —— —— Chassis GND.

16, 33,

19-30

15, 34 NC —— —— Not connected.

Rev.A 1-21

AFXT 30 In

INIT 30 In

ERROR 29 Out

SLIN 30 In

GND —— ——

Not used.

This signal’s negative pulse initializes printer.

This signal’s LOW level means the printer is in an error state.

Not used.

Signal GND.

+ 145 hidden pages

Epson LQ-2170 Service Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

PRECAUTIONS

PREFACE

REVISION SHEET

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 Product Description

1.1 Specifications