Electronics FL-1 User Manual

Fuel LevelFuel Level

Fuel Level

Fuel LevelFuel Level

(FL-1RA-12, FL-1RA-24 and FL-1CA)(FL-1RA-12, FL-1RA-24 and FL-1CA)

(FL-1RA-12, FL-1RA-24 and FL-1CA)

(FL-1RA-12, FL-1RA-24 and FL-1CA)(FL-1RA-12, FL-1RA-24 and FL-1CA)

(2nd Generation Instruments)(2nd Generation Instruments)

(2nd Generation Instruments)

(2nd Generation Instruments)(2nd Generation Instruments)

Operating and Installation InstructionsOperating and Installation Instructions

Operating and Installation Instructions

Operating and Installation InstructionsOperating and Installation Instructions

OI 1106011

11/6/01

You must read this manual before installing or operating the instrument. This
manual contains warranty and other information that may affect your decision

to install this product and/or the safety of your aircraft.

Model:Model:

Model:

Model:Model:

S/N:S/N:

S/N:

S/N:S/N:

Electronics International Inc.Electronics International Inc.

Electronics International Inc.

Electronics International Inc.Electronics International Inc.

63296 Powell Butte Hwy • Bend, OR 97701 • [phone] • Buy-EI.com 63296 Powell Butte Hwy • Bend, OR 97701 • [phone] • Buy-EI.com

63296 Powell Butte Hwy • Bend, OR 97701 • [phone] • Buy-EI.com

63296 Powell Butte Hwy • Bend, OR 97701 • [phone] • Buy-EI.com 63296 Powell Butte Hwy • Bend, OR 97701 • [phone] • Buy-EI.com

®®

®

®®

FL-1FL-1

FL-1

FL-1FL-1

Important NoticeImportant Notice

Important Notice

Important NoticeImportant Notice

***** Must Read ********** Must Read *****

***** Must Read *****

***** Must Read ********** Must Read *****

"DO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FL-1 TO DETERMINE THE FUEL LEVEL IN THE FUEL"DO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FL-1 TO DETERMINE THE FUEL LEVEL IN THE FUEL

"DO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FL-1 TO DETERMINE THE FUEL LEVEL IN THE FUEL

"DO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FL-1 TO DETERMINE THE FUEL LEVEL IN THE FUEL"DO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FL-1 TO DETERMINE THE FUEL LEVEL IN THE FUEL

TANKTANK

TANK

TANKTANK
planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel.planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel.

planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel.

planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel.planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel.

." The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity for the pilot to use good flight." The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity for the pilot to use good flight

." The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity for the pilot to use good flight

." The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity for the pilot to use good flight." The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity for the pilot to use good flight

The following requirements must be met with before operating the aircraft with the FL-1:The following requirements must be met with before operating the aircraft with the FL-1:

The following requirements must be met with before operating the aircraft with the FL-1:

The following requirements must be met with before operating the aircraft with the FL-1:The following requirements must be met with before operating the aircraft with the FL-1:

1. All of the Operating Instructions must be read. There is important information in1. All of the Operating Instructions must be read. There is important information in

1. All of the Operating Instructions must be read. There is important information in

1. All of the Operating Instructions must be read. There is important information in1. All of the Operating Instructions must be read. There is important information in
this manual which the pilot must understand before flying the aircraft.this manual which the pilot must understand before flying the aircraft.

this manual which the pilot must understand before flying the aircraft.

this manual which the pilot must understand before flying the aircraft.this manual which the pilot must understand before flying the aircraft.

2. A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.2. A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.

2. A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.

2. A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.2. A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.

3. The FL-1 must be calibrated to the aircraft fuel system and its accuracy must be3. The FL-1 must be calibrated to the aircraft fuel system and its accuracy must be

3. The FL-1 must be calibrated to the aircraft fuel system and its accuracy must be

3. The FL-1 must be calibrated to the aircraft fuel system and its accuracy must be3. The FL-1 must be calibrated to the aircraft fuel system and its accuracy must be
verified before flying the aircraft.verified before flying the aircraft.

verified before flying the aircraft.

verified before flying the aircraft.verified before flying the aircraft.

If you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of theIf you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of the

If you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of the

If you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of theIf you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of the

instrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the conditioninstrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the condition

instrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the condition

instrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the conditioninstrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the condition
of the FL-1.of the FL-1.

of the FL-1.

of the FL-1.of the FL-1.

ContentsContents

Contents

ContentsContents

WW

arranty ...................................................................................arranty ...................................................................................

W

arranty ...................................................................................

WW

arranty ...................................................................................arranty ...................................................................................

22

2

22

Operating Instructions ............................................................Operating Instructions ............................................................

Operating Instructions ............................................................

Operating Instructions ............................................................Operating Instructions ............................................................

Instrument: ....................................................................................................... 3

Analog Display: ................................................................................................. 3

Digital Display: .................................................................................................. 4

Accuracy Limitations:
Important Considerations:

Installation Instructions ..........................................................Installation Instructions ..........................................................

Installation Instructions ..........................................................

Installation Instructions ..........................................................Installation Instructions ..........................................................

Important Information and Initial Check Out: .................................................... 6

Route The Circular Connector: .......................................................................... 7

Route the Power and Ground Wires: .................................................................. 7

Route the Backlight Wires: ................................................................................ 7

Route the External Warning Control Line: ......................................................... 8

Route the Fuel Tank Sensor Wire (FL-1RA-12 and -24 Only): .......................... 8

Install the Instrument in the Panel: ..................................................................... 8

Connect the Circular Connector to the Instrument: ............................................. 8

Mount the Placard on the Instrument Panel: ....................................................... 8

Selecting the Proper Filter: ................................................................................ 9

Selecting the Proper Operating Mode: ............................................................... 9

Selecting the Resolution: ................................................................................... 9

Programming the Filter, Operating Mode and Resolution: ................................. 10

Calibration Issues: ............................................................................................. 11

Calibrate the Fuel Tank: ..................................................................................... 12

Provide the Operating and Installation Manual to the Pilot: ............................... 15

(MUST READ) (MUST READ)

(MUST READ) .............................................................. 4

(MUST READ) (MUST READ)

(MUST READ) (MUST READ)

(MUST READ) ........................................................

(MUST READ) (MUST READ)

33

3

33

5

66

6

66

FLFL

-1RA-12 and FL-1RA-12 and FL

FL

-1RA-12 and FL

FLFL

-1RA-12 and FL-1RA-12 and FL

FLFL

-1RA-12 and FL-1RA-12 and FL

FL

-1RA-12 and FL

FLFL

-1RA-12 and FL-1RA-12 and FL

FLFL

-1CA Wiring Diagram ...........................................................-1CA Wiring Diagram ...........................................................

FL

-1CA Wiring Diagram ...........................................................

FLFL

-1CA Wiring Diagram ...........................................................-1CA Wiring Diagram ...........................................................

FLFL

-1CA Circular Connector .....................................................-1CA Circular Connector .....................................................

FL

-1CA Circular Connector .....................................................

FLFL

-1CA Circular Connector .....................................................-1CA Circular Connector .....................................................

Specifications and Operating FSpecifications and Operating F

Specifications and Operating F

Specifications and Operating FSpecifications and Operating F

TT

echnical Notes .........................................................................echnical Notes .........................................................................

T

echnical Notes .........................................................................

TT

echnical Notes .........................................................................echnical Notes .........................................................................

-1RA-24 Wiring Diagram .............................-1RA-24 Wiring Diagram .............................

-1RA-24 Wiring Diagram .............................

-1RA-24 Wiring Diagram .............................-1RA-24 Wiring Diagram .............................

-1RA-24 Circular Connector .......................-1RA-24 Circular Connector .......................

-1RA-24 Circular Connector .......................

-1RA-24 Circular Connector .......................-1RA-24 Circular Connector .......................

eatures ..................................eatures ..................................

eatures ..................................

eatures ..................................eatures ..................................

1

1616

16

1616

1717

17

1717

1818

18

1818

1919

19

1919

2020

20

2020

2121

21

2121

Warranty

1209921

Electronics International Inc. warrants this instrument and system components to be free from defects in
materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the user invoice date. Electronics International
Inc. will repair or replace any item under the terms of this Warranty provided the item is returned to the
factory prepaid.

l. This Warranty shall not apply to any product that has been repaired or altered by any person other than
Electronics International Inc., or that has been subjected to misuse, accident, incorrect wiring, negligence,
improper or unprofessional assembly or improper installation by any person.
any reimbursement for any person’s time for installation, removal, assembly or repair.any reimbursement for any person’s time for installation, removal, assembly or repair.

any reimbursement for any person’s time for installation, removal, assembly or repair. Electronics

any reimbursement for any person’s time for installation, removal, assembly or repair.any reimbursement for any person’s time for installation, removal, assembly or repair.
International retains the right to determine the reason or cause for warranty repair.

2. This warranty does not extend to any machine, vehicle, boat, aircraft or any other device to which the
Electronics International Inc. product may be connected, attached, interconnected or used in conjunction
with in any way.

3. The obligation assumed by Electronics International Inc. under this warranty is limited to repair, replace­ment or refund of the product, at the sole discretion of Electronics International Inc.

4. Electronics International Inc. is not responsible for shipping charges or damages incurred under this
Warranty.

This warranty does not coverThis warranty does not cover

This warranty does not cover

This warranty does not coverThis warranty does not cover

5. No representative is authorized to assume any other liability for Electronics International Inc. in connec­tion with the sale of Electronics International Inc. products.

If you do not agree to and accept the terms of this warranty, you may return the product in newIf you do not agree to and accept the terms of this warranty, you may return the product in new

6.

If you do not agree to and accept the terms of this warranty, you may return the product in new

If you do not agree to and accept the terms of this warranty, you may return the product in newIf you do not agree to and accept the terms of this warranty, you may return the product in new

condition, with receipt, within thirty (30) days for a refund.condition, with receipt, within thirty (30) days for a refund.

condition, with receipt, within thirty (30) days for a refund.

condition, with receipt, within thirty (30) days for a refund.condition, with receipt, within thirty (30) days for a refund.

This Warranty is made only to the original user.
WARRANTIES OR OBLIGATIONS: EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. MANUFACTURER EXPRESSLYWARRANTIES OR OBLIGATIONS: EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. MANUFACTURER EXPRESSLY

WARRANTIES OR OBLIGATIONS: EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. MANUFACTURER EXPRESSLY

WARRANTIES OR OBLIGATIONS: EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. MANUFACTURER EXPRESSLYWARRANTIES OR OBLIGATIONS: EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. MANUFACTURER EXPRESSLY
DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR-DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR-

DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR-

DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR-DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR­TICULAR PURPOSE. PURCHASER AGREES THAT IN NO EVENT SHALL MANUFACTURER BETICULAR PURPOSE. PURCHASER AGREES THAT IN NO EVENT SHALL MANUFACTURER BE

TICULAR PURPOSE. PURCHASER AGREES THAT IN NO EVENT SHALL MANUFACTURER BE

TICULAR PURPOSE. PURCHASER AGREES THAT IN NO EVENT SHALL MANUFACTURER BETICULAR PURPOSE. PURCHASER AGREES THAT IN NO EVENT SHALL MANUFACTURER BE
LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOSTLIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST

LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST

LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOSTLIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST
PROFITS OR LOSS OF USE OR OTHER ECONOMIC LOSS. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDEDPROFITS OR LOSS OF USE OR OTHER ECONOMIC LOSS. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED

PROFITS OR LOSS OF USE OR OTHER ECONOMIC LOSS. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED

PROFITS OR LOSS OF USE OR OTHER ECONOMIC LOSS. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDEDPROFITS OR LOSS OF USE OR OTHER ECONOMIC LOSS. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED
HEREIN, MANUFACTURER DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER LIABILITY TO PURCHASER OR ANYHEREIN, MANUFACTURER DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER LIABILITY TO PURCHASER OR ANY

HEREIN, MANUFACTURER DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER LIABILITY TO PURCHASER OR ANY

HEREIN, MANUFACTURER DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER LIABILITY TO PURCHASER OR ANYHEREIN, MANUFACTURER DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER LIABILITY TO PURCHASER OR ANY
OTHER PERSON IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURER’SOTHER PERSON IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURER’S

OTHER PERSON IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURER’S

OTHER PERSON IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURER’SOTHER PERSON IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURER’S
PRODUCTS, INCLUDING SPECIFICALLY LIABILITY IN TORT.PRODUCTS, INCLUDING SPECIFICALLY LIABILITY IN TORT.

PRODUCTS, INCLUDING SPECIFICALLY LIABILITY IN TORT.

PRODUCTS, INCLUDING SPECIFICALLY LIABILITY IN TORT.PRODUCTS, INCLUDING SPECIFICALLY LIABILITY IN TORT.
.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERTHIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERTHIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER

2

Operating InstructionsOperating Instructions

Operating Instructions

Operating InstructionsOperating Instructions

FL-1RA & FL-1CAFL-1RA & FL-1CA

FL-1RA & FL-1CA

FL-1RA & FL-1CAFL-1RA & FL-1CA

Instrument:Instrument:

Instrument:

Instrument:Instrument:

The FL-1 is a fuel level instrument featuring a 210 degree analog display and a digital display. These
two displays provide the primary indication of the fuel level for the tanks and offer many advantages over
conventional analog gauges, as described below. The FL-1 must be calibrated in gallons and it can display
in pounds or liters. When displaying in pounds the FL-1 uses a "6 x Gal" conversion factor and when
displaying liters it uses a "3.75 x Gal" conversion factor. When displaying gallons the FL-1 may be pro­grammed to display in one or 1/2 gallon increments. For fuel levels above 99 gallons the FL-1 will display
in one gallon increments only. Since the FL-1 does not incorporate any moving parts (needles, bearings,
springs, etc.) there is little to go wrong or wear out.

The FL-1 has a programmed filter that effects how the instrument responds to changes in fuel level.
The filter may be set to 8, 16, 32, 64 or 128 seconds response. In the installation section of this manual is a
discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the different filter settings.

The FL-1 connects to a fuel level sensors mounted in the fuel tank. The FL-1RA-12 and FL-1RA-24
was designed to be used with a resistive fuel level sensor that decrease or increases in resistance as fuel is
added to the tank. The -12 is for a 12 volt system and the -24 is for a 24 volt system. The FL-1CA was
designed to be used with E.I.'s capacitive fuel level sensor and it will operate on a 12 or 24 volt system.

Once the FL-1 is installed in the aircraft it must be calibrated to the aircraft fuel tank and sensor by
filling the tanks to predetermined fuel levels. You may use as few as two calibration points or as many as 9
points. This mapping of the tank removes any non-linearity in the tank and sensor.

Analog Display:Analog Display:

Analog Display:

Analog Display:Analog Display:

The 210 degree analog displays provide a quick reference of the fuel level. More precise information
is provided in the digital display. An advantage of the analog display is its ability to emit a green, yellow or
red light. With a quick glance you can determine if your fuel level is in the green, yellow, or red operating
range. In addition the FL-1 provides the following warnings:

1/17 Tank Warning -1/17 Tank Warning -

1.

1/17 Tank Warning - If the tank level reaches 1/17 of a tank, the appropriate yellow LED will

1/17 Tank Warning -1/17 Tank Warning ­blink. This is intended to alert you that the fuel level is getting low.

Low Fuel -Low Fuel -

3.

Low Fuel - If the tank level reaches 1/17 or 2 gallons (whichever is greater), the red LED will

Low Fuel -Low Fuel ­blink. This is intended to alert you that the fuel level is getting very low.

"OPEN" - "OPEN" -

4.

"OPEN" - If the wire to the fuel tank sensor becomes open, the analog display will show an empty

"OPEN" - "OPEN" ­and the digital display will show "OPEN." This warning is intended to alert you when the FL-1 has
lost the signal from the fuel sensor.

3

Note:Note:

Note: To acknowledge a blinking LED (i.e., to stop the blinking), change the position of the Selector

Note:Note:

Switch. Once a blinking warning is acknowledged it will not occur again until the FL-1's power has

been turned off and back on. Although these blinking warnings are valuable, they can be annoying.

For this reason we provide a way of shutting them off.

During night operation the analog LED's may be too bright. If so, turn the panel light rheostat up and
the analog lights (LED's) will dim. If you wish to control the intensity of the LED's independent of the
panel light rheostat, a LED Intensity Control Pot is available from Electronics International. The red LED
will always be displayed at full intensity.

Digital Display:Digital Display:

Digital Display:

Digital Display:Digital Display:

With the Selector Switch in the left position the digital display will show the fuel level in liters. With
the Selector Switch in the right position the digital display will show the fuel level in pounds and in the
middle position the digital display will show the fuel level in gallons. Fuel levels below 2 gallons will be
displayed as "0."

If the digital display backlight has been permanently powered up (as recommended), the digital display
will be easier to see during low ambient light conditions and at night.

On power-up the FL-1 performs the following tests in sequence:

1. The fuel tank calibration data is check for errors. A table of error codes is provided in the calibra­tion section of this manual. If an error is found, the appropriate error code is displayed and the FL-1
operation is stopped.

2. A self test is performed, all the LED's are sequenced and "8888" is shown on the digital display.

***** MUST READ ********** MUST READ *****

***** MUST READ *****

***** MUST READ ********** MUST READ *****

Accuracy Limitations:Accuracy Limitations:

Accuracy Limitations:

Accuracy Limitations:Accuracy Limitations:

The accuracy limitations of the FL-1 are listed below.

anyone flying the aircraft aware of these limitations.anyone flying the aircraft aware of these limitations.

anyone flying the aircraft aware of these limitations.

anyone flying the aircraft aware of these limitations.anyone flying the aircraft aware of these limitations.

1. Angle of Attack -1. Angle of Attack -

1. Angle of Attack - The FL-1 must be calibrated with the aircraft in a cruise angle of attack. If the

1. Angle of Attack -1. Angle of Attack ­aircraft is in a condition other than cruise, depending on the mounting location and type of sensor
used, the FL-1 may display inaccurate fuel levels. If your aircraft does not sit at a cruise angle of
attack when on the ground, it may not display accurate fuel levels.
angles of attack and see what the effects are on the fuel level readings for the FL-1.angles of attack and see what the effects are on the fuel level readings for the FL-1.

angles of attack and see what the effects are on the fuel level readings for the FL-1.

angles of attack and see what the effects are on the fuel level readings for the FL-1.angles of attack and see what the effects are on the fuel level readings for the FL-1.

Full Fuel Readings -Full Fuel Readings -

2.

Full Fuel Readings - As a tank is filled the fuel sensor may not be able to detect the fuel entering

Full Fuel Readings -Full Fuel Readings ­the upper corners of the fuel tank. If this is the case with your sensor, the FL-1 will display lower
fuel levels than the actual fuel in the tanks when the tanks are full. When the fuel level drops to a
point where the fuel sensors start to detect a change, the displayed fuel level should be accurate.

It is the pilot/owner's obligation to makeIt is the pilot/owner's obligation to make

It is the pilot/owner's obligation to make

It is the pilot/owner's obligation to makeIt is the pilot/owner's obligation to make

Test your aircraft at differentTest your aircraft at different

Test your aircraft at different

Test your aircraft at differentTest your aircraft at different

4

Check your system by comparing the displayed fuel level on the FL-1 to the fuel level listed inCheck your system by comparing the displayed fuel level on the FL-1 to the fuel level listed in

Check your system by comparing the displayed fuel level on the FL-1 to the fuel level listed in

Check your system by comparing the displayed fuel level on the FL-1 to the fuel level listed inCheck your system by comparing the displayed fuel level on the FL-1 to the fuel level listed in
the flight manual at each fill up.the flight manual at each fill up.

the flight manual at each fill up.

the flight manual at each fill up.the flight manual at each fill up.

3. Low Fuel Readings -3. Low Fuel Readings -

3. Low Fuel Readings -

3. Low Fuel Readings -3. Low Fuel Readings ­levels below 1/8levels below 1/8

levels below 1/8. You should always fly the aircraft in such a manner as to at least maintain the

levels below 1/8levels below 1/8
FAA minimum fuel requirements in the aircraft at all times.
and type of sensor used, the FL-1 may not be able to accurately measure the last few gallons ofand type of sensor used, the FL-1 may not be able to accurately measure the last few gallons of

and type of sensor used, the FL-1 may not be able to accurately measure the last few gallons of

and type of sensor used, the FL-1 may not be able to accurately measure the last few gallons ofand type of sensor used, the FL-1 may not be able to accurately measure the last few gallons of
fuel in the tank.fuel in the tank.

fuel in the tank.

fuel in the tank.fuel in the tank.

4. Improper Calibration -4. Improper Calibration -

4. Improper Calibration - If the FL-1 has not been properly calibrated, it will not display accurate

4. Improper Calibration -4. Improper Calibration ­fuel levels in the tanks. It is important you verify the accuracy of the FL-1.
your measured fuel levels in the tanks with the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.your measured fuel levels in the tanks with the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.

your measured fuel levels in the tanks with the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.

your measured fuel levels in the tanks with the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.your measured fuel levels in the tanks with the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.

5. Poor Connections -5. Poor Connections -

5. Poor Connections - Poor connections in the wires leading from the FL-1 to the fuel sensor can

5. Poor Connections -5. Poor Connections ­become intermittent with age. An intermittent connection will most likely show up as wandering or
inaccurate readings on the FL-1.
the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.

the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.

the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.the readings on the FL-1 before each flight.

6. Defective Fuel Level Sensor -6. Defective Fuel Level Sensor -

6. Defective Fuel Level Sensor - A fuel sensor can become intermittent or change resistance with

6. Defective Fuel Level Sensor -6. Defective Fuel Level Sensor ­age. It is not uncommon to find intermittent problems even in new sensors. We recommend
Stewart Warner F-385-CP05 resistive sensors be used with the FL-1RA. An intermittent problem
with a fuel sensor will most likely show up as wandering or inaccurate readings on the FL-1.
ways cross check the measured fuel levels in the tank with the readings on the FL-1 at each fillways cross check the measured fuel levels in the tank with the readings on the FL-1 at each fill

ways cross check the measured fuel levels in the tank with the readings on the FL-1 at each fill

ways cross check the measured fuel levels in the tank with the readings on the FL-1 at each fillways cross check the measured fuel levels in the tank with the readings on the FL-1 at each fill
up.up.

up.

up.up.

Do not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel in the tank for indicated tankDo not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel in the tank for indicated tank

Do not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel in the tank for indicated tank

Do not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel in the tank for indicated tankDo not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel in the tank for indicated tank

Depending on the mounting locationDepending on the mounting location

Depending on the mounting location

Depending on the mounting locationDepending on the mounting location

Always cross checkAlways cross check

Always cross check

Always cross checkAlways cross check

Always cross check your measured fuel levels in the tanks withAlways cross check your measured fuel levels in the tanks with

Always cross check your measured fuel levels in the tanks with

Always cross check your measured fuel levels in the tanks withAlways cross check your measured fuel levels in the tanks with

Al-Al-

Al-

Al-Al-

If you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of theIf you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of the

If you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of the

If you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of theIf you ever find an inaccuracy issue or any other problem with the FL-1, cover the face of the

instrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the conditioninstrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the condition

instrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the condition

instrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the conditioninstrument with a note saying "DEFECTIVE". This will alert anyone flying the aircraft to the condition
of the FL-1.of the FL-1.

of the FL-1.

of the FL-1.of the FL-1.

***** MUST READ ********** MUST READ *****

***** MUST READ *****

***** MUST READ ********** MUST READ *****

Important Considerations:Important Considerations:

Important Considerations:

Important Considerations:Important Considerations:

""

DO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FUEL LEVEL INSTRUMENT (FL-1) TO DETERMINE THEDO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FUEL LEVEL INSTRUMENT (FL-1) TO DETERMINE THE

"

DO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FUEL LEVEL INSTRUMENT (FL-1) TO DETERMINE THE

""

DO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FUEL LEVEL INSTRUMENT (FL-1) TO DETERMINE THEDO NOT SOLELY RELY ON THE FUEL LEVEL INSTRUMENT (FL-1) TO DETERMINE THE

FUEL LEVELS IN THE AIRCRAFTFUEL LEVELS IN THE AIRCRAFT

FUEL LEVELS IN THE AIRCRAFT

FUEL LEVELS IN THE AIRCRAFTFUEL LEVELS IN THE AIRCRAFT
for the pilot to use good flight planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel.for the pilot to use good flight planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel.

for the pilot to use good flight planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel. It is

for the pilot to use good flight planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel.for the pilot to use good flight planning, preflight and in-flight techniques for managing fuel.
important the pilot adopt the practices listed below. If you are not familiar with these techniques, contact
the FAA to acquire proper training.

1. 1.

A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.

1.

A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.

1. 1.

A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.A copy of this operating manual must be in the aircraft at all times.

2. Flight Planning -2. Flight Planning -

2. Flight Planning - Always calculate the fuel requirement for each leg of the flight including any

2. Flight Planning -2. Flight Planning ­alternate plans for bad weather. Keep this information available in the aircraft during the flight.
Keep a chart of the published fuel flows for various flight/engine conditions in the aircraft. Keep a
chart of the measured fuel flows for various flights in the aircraft. Measured fuel flows can be
considerably different from published figures. This is usually due to old inaccurate engine instru­ments.

""

..

The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity

"

.

The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity

""

..

The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity The use of the FL-1 does not eliminate or reduce the necessity

5

3. Preflight - Do not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel level in the fuel tank. The pilot must3. Preflight - Do not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel level in the fuel tank. The pilot must

3. Preflight - Do not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel level in the fuel tank. The pilot must

3. Preflight - Do not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel level in the fuel tank. The pilot must3. Preflight - Do not rely on the FL-1 to determine the fuel level in the fuel tank. The pilot must
visually check/measure the fuel level in the tank before every takeoff.visually check/measure the fuel level in the tank before every takeoff.

visually check/measure the fuel level in the tank before every takeoff. Cross-check the measured

visually check/measure the fuel level in the tank before every takeoff.visually check/measure the fuel level in the tank before every takeoff.
fuel level with the displayed level on the FL-1. Also, crosscheck these levels with the fuel require­ments for the flight listed in your flight plan.

4. In Flight -4. In Flight -

4. In Flight - Make the FL-1 part of your normal instrument scan.

4. In Flight -4. In Flight ­played on FL-1 with your flight plan at each leg of the flight or every 30 minutesplayed on FL-1 with your flight plan at each leg of the flight or every 30 minutes

played on FL-1 with your flight plan at each leg of the flight or every 30 minutes (if a leg is

played on FL-1 with your flight plan at each leg of the flight or every 30 minutesplayed on FL-1 with your flight plan at each leg of the flight or every 30 minutes
longer than 30 minutes). Calculate the fuel flows from the FL-1 displayed fuel level and compare
them with your charts of measured and published fuel flows for the aircraft. If there is a discrep­ancy, land the aircraft at the nearest airport and verify the fuel level.
seriously.

5. New Pilot or Owner of the Aircraft -5. New Pilot or Owner of the Aircraft -

5. New Pilot or Owner of the Aircraft -

5. New Pilot or Owner of the Aircraft -5. New Pilot or Owner of the Aircraft ­previous aircraft pilot/owner's responsibility to insure the new pilot has read this manual and isprevious aircraft pilot/owner's responsibility to insure the new pilot has read this manual and is

previous aircraft pilot/owner's responsibility to insure the new pilot has read this manual and is

previous aircraft pilot/owner's responsibility to insure the new pilot has read this manual and isprevious aircraft pilot/owner's responsibility to insure the new pilot has read this manual and is
aware of the accuracy limitations and other important considerations. All limitations and operat-aware of the accuracy limitations and other important considerations. All limitations and operat-

aware of the accuracy limitations and other important considerations. All limitations and operat-

aware of the accuracy limitations and other important considerations. All limitations and operat-aware of the accuracy limitations and other important considerations. All limitations and operat­ing characteristics learned from operating the FL-1 must be passed on to the new pilot/owner.ing characteristics learned from operating the FL-1 must be passed on to the new pilot/owner.

ing characteristics learned from operating the FL-1 must be passed on to the new pilot/owner.

ing characteristics learned from operating the FL-1 must be passed on to the new pilot/owner.ing characteristics learned from operating the FL-1 must be passed on to the new pilot/owner.

Installation InstructionsInstallation Instructions

Installation Instructions

Installation InstructionsInstallation Instructions

Important Information and Initial Check Out:Important Information and Initial Check Out:

Important Information and Initial Check Out:

Important Information and Initial Check Out:Important Information and Initial Check Out:

If there is a new pilot or owner of the aircraft, it is theIf there is a new pilot or owner of the aircraft, it is the

If there is a new pilot or owner of the aircraft, it is the

If there is a new pilot or owner of the aircraft, it is theIf there is a new pilot or owner of the aircraft, it is the

FL-1FL-1

FL-1

FL-1FL-1

Cross-check the fuel leves dis-Cross-check the fuel leves dis-

Cross-check the fuel leves dis-

Cross-check the fuel leves dis-Cross-check the fuel leves dis-

Discrepancies should be taken

The installer and aircraft owner must read the Warranty before starting the installationThe installer and aircraft owner must read the Warranty before starting the installation

1.

The installer and aircraft owner must read the Warranty before starting the installation. There is

The installer and aircraft owner must read the Warranty before starting the installationThe installer and aircraft owner must read the Warranty before starting the installation
information in the Warranty that may alter your decision to install this instrument.
accept the terms of the Warranty, do not install this instrument.accept the terms of the Warranty, do not install this instrument.

accept the terms of the Warranty, do not install this instrument.

accept the terms of the Warranty, do not install this instrument.accept the terms of the Warranty, do not install this instrument.

2. If you are not an FAA Certified Aircraft Mechanic familiar with the issues of installing aircraft2. If you are not an FAA Certified Aircraft Mechanic familiar with the issues of installing aircraft

2. If you are not an FAA Certified Aircraft Mechanic familiar with the issues of installing aircraft

2. If you are not an FAA Certified Aircraft Mechanic familiar with the issues of installing aircraft2. If you are not an FAA Certified Aircraft Mechanic familiar with the issues of installing aircraft
fuel level instruments, fuel level instruments,

fuel level instruments,

fuel level instruments, fuel level instruments,

3. Read the entire Installation Instructions and resolve any issues you may have before starting the
installation. This may eliminate any delays once the installation is started.

THIS INSTALLATION MAY REQUIRE SOME PARTS UNIQUE TO YOUR AIRCRAFTTHIS INSTALLATION MAY REQUIRE SOME PARTS UNIQUE TO YOUR AIRCRAFT

4.

THIS INSTALLATION MAY REQUIRE SOME PARTS UNIQUE TO YOUR AIRCRAFT

THIS INSTALLATION MAY REQUIRE SOME PARTS UNIQUE TO YOUR AIRCRAFTTHIS INSTALLATION MAY REQUIRE SOME PARTS UNIQUE TO YOUR AIRCRAFT

THAT ARE NOT SUPPLIED IN THE KIT.THAT ARE NOT SUPPLIED IN THE KIT.

THAT ARE NOT SUPPLIED IN THE KIT. Acquire all the parts necessary to install this instru-

THAT ARE NOT SUPPLIED IN THE KIT.THAT ARE NOT SUPPLIED IN THE KIT.
ment before starting the installation.

5. Check that the instrument make and model are correct before starting the installation. The FL-1RA­12 is for a 12 volt system and a resistive probe, the FL-1RA-24 is for a 24 volt system and a resis­tive probe and the FL-1CA is for E.I.'s capacitive probe.

6. Before starting the installation make sure the unit will fit in the location you intend to install it
without obstructing the operation of any controls.

Do Not attempt to install this instrument.Do Not attempt to install this instrument.

Do Not attempt to install this instrument.

Do Not attempt to install this instrument.Do Not attempt to install this instrument.

6

If you do notIf you do not

If you do not

If you do notIf you do not