Elecraft KPA500 Assembly Manual
ELECRAFT
KPA500
HIGH-PERFORMANCE 160 – 6 METER
A
MPLIFIER
KIT ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
Rev F4, August 25, 2013
Copyright © 2013, Elecraft, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Customer Service and Support ............................................................................................................................ 3
Technical Assistance ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Repair / Alignment Service ............................................................................................................................. 3
Anti Static Protection Required ................................................................................................................ 4
Preparing for Assembly ............................................................................................................................ 5
Tools Required .................................................................................................................................................... 5
Unpacking and Inventory .................................................................................................................................... 5
Screws ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Standoffs ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Lock Washers .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Overview of the Kit .................................................................................................................................. 7
Assembly .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Bottom Cover Feet .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Power Supply Module ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Interlock Switch and Left Side Panel Feet ........................................................................................................ 14
Rear Panel ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
RF Power Amplifier/Low Pass Filter (PA/LPF) Module .................................................................................. 21
Rectifier Board .................................................................................................................................................. 22
Mounting the Rear Panel Assembly .................................................................................................................. 25
Power Supply Wiring ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Front Panel Assembly ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Top Cover and Side Handle .............................................................................................................................. 42
Appendix A Illustrated Parts List........................................……… …………………………………..A1
i
Elecraft manuals with color images may be downloaded from
www.elecraft.com
.
1
WARNING
Dangerous Voltages
Inside the KPA500 After It Has Been
Connected to Mains Power
When you have completed assembling your kit, turn to your
Owner’s manual to install and configure it properly before
applying mains power or attempting to operate it.
If you open the KPA500 after installing it and applying mains
power:
1. Turn off the KPA500 by tapping the front panel ON switch and
wait until the fan stops. (The fan drains the power supply to a
safe voltage.)
2. Place the rear panel rocker switch in off (O) position and
disconnect mains power from the rear panel.
There are no dangerous voltages present in the KPA500
during the assembly of the kit if you follow the procedures
in this manual.
2
Introduction
This manual covers the assembly of your KPA500 160 through 6 meter amplifier kit. Only a few basic hand
tools are needed (see page 5) to perform the installation. No soldering is required to assemble this kit.
Complete instructions for installing and operating our KPA500 are found in the KPA500 Owner’s manual.
Customer Service and Support
Technical Assistance
You can send e-mail to K3support@elecraft.com and we will respond quickly - typically the same day Monday
through Friday. Telephone assistance is available from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. Pacific time (weekdays only) at
831-763-4211. Please use e-mail rather than calling when possible since this gives us a written record of the
details of your problem and allows us to handle a larger number of requests each day
Repair / Alignment Service (We want to make sure everyone succeeds!)
If necessary, you may return your Elecraft product to us for repair or alignment. (Note: We offer unlimited email
and phone support to get your kit running, so please try that route first as we can usually help you find the
problem quickly.)
IMPORTANT: You must contact Elecraft before mailing your product to obtain authorization for the
return, what address to ship it to and current information on repair fees and turn around times. (Frequently we
can determine the cause of your problem and save you the trouble of shipping it back to us.) Our repair location
is different from our factory location in Aptos. We will give you the address to ship your kit to at the time of
repair authorization. Packages shipped to Aptos without authorization will incur an additional shipping charge
for reshipment from Aptos to our repair depot
.
.
Elecraft's 1-Year Limited Warranty
This warranty is effective as of the date of first consumer purchase (or if shipped from factory, date product is shipped
to customer). It covers both our kits and fully assembled products. For kits, before requesting warranty service, you
should fully complete the assembly, carefully following all instructions in the manual.
Who is covered: This warranty covers the original owner of the Elecraft product as disclosed to Elecraft at the time of
order. Elecraft products transferred by the purchaser to a third party, either by sale, gift or ot her method, who is not
disclosed to Elecraft at the time of original order, are not covered by this warranty. If the Elecraft product is being
bought indirectly for a t hird party, the third party's name and address must be provided to Elecraft at time of order to
insure warranty coverage.
What is covered: During the first year after date of purchase, Elecraft will replace defective or missing parts free of
charge (post-paid). We will also correct any malfunction to kits or assembled units caused by defective parts and
materials. Purchaser pays inbound shipping to Elecraft fo r warranty repair, Elecraft will pay shipping to return the
repaired equipment to you by UPS ground service or equivalent to the continental USA and Canada. Alaska, Hawaii
and outside U.S. and Canada actual return shipping cost paid by owner.
What is not covered: This warranty does not cover correction of kit assem bly errors. It also does not cover
misalignment; repair of damage caused by misuse, negligence, or builder modifications; or any performance
malfunctions involving non-Elecraft accessory equipment. The use of acid-core solder, water-soluble flux solder, or any
corrosive or conductive flux or solvent will void this warranty in its entirety. Also not covered is reimbursement for loss
of use, inconvenience, customer assembly or alignment time, or cost of unauthorized service.
Limitation of incidental or consequential damages: This warranty does not extend to non-Elecraft equipment or
components used in conjunction with our products. Any such repair or replacement is the responsibility of the customer.
Elecraft will not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages, including but not limited to any
loss of business or profits.
3
Anti Static Protection Required
We strongly recommend you take the following anti-static precautions (listed in order of importance) to avoid
ESD (Electro Static Discharge) damage:
Leave ESD-sensitive parts in their anti-static packaging until you install them. The packaging may be a special
plastic bag or the component’s leads may be inserted in conductive foam. Parts which are especially ESDsensitive are identified in the parts list and in the assembly procedures.
Wear a conductive wrist strap with a series 1-megohm resistor. If you do not have a wrist strap, touch a bare
metal ground briefly before touching any sensitive parts to discharge your body. Do this frequently while you
are working. You can collect a destructive static charge on your body just sitting at the work bench.
WARNING
DO NOT attach a ground directly to yourself without a current-limiting resistor as this poses
a serious shock hazard. A wrist strap must include a 1-megohm resistor to limit the current
flow. If you choose to touch an unpainted, metal ground to discharge yourself, do it only
when you are not touching any live circuits with your other hand or any part of your body.
Use a grounded anti-static mat on your work bench.
No soldering is required but if you choose to use a soldering iron for any reason, be sure your iron has an ESDsafe grounded tip tied to the same common ground used by your mat or wrist strap.
We strongly recommend you take the following anti-static precautions (listed in order of importance) to avoid
trouble:
Leave ESD-sensitive parts in their anti-static packaging until you install them. The packaging may be a
special plastic bag or the component’s leads may be inserted in conductive foam. Parts which are
especially ESD-sensitive are identified in the parts list and in the assembly procedures.
Wear a conductive wrist strap with a series 1-megohm resistor. If you do not have a wrist strap, touch a
ground briefly before touching any sensitive parts to discharge your body. Do this frequently while you
are working. You can collect a destructive static charge on your body just sitting at the work bench. DO
NOT attach a ground directly to yourself as this poses a serious shock hazard.
Use a grounded anti-static mat on your work bench.
If you choose to use a soldering iron to work on your KPA500 for any reason, be sure your iron has an
ESD-safe grounded tip tied to the same common ground used by your mat or wrist strap.
4
Preparing for Assembly
Tools Required
1. #0, #1 and #2 size Phillips screwdrivers. To avoid damaging screws and nuts, a power screwdriver is
not recommended. Use the screwdriver that best fits the screw in each step.
2. Needle-nose pliers.
3. Two 1/2” or adjustable wrenches (for transformer mounting).
4. Soft cloth or clean, soft static dissipating pad to lay cabinet panels on to avoid scratching.
5. DMM for making resistance and continuity measurements.
The following tools are strongly recommended:
1. ESD wrist strap.
2. Static dissipating work pad.
3. Tweezers are very handy for positioning parts in cramped spaces.
4. Rule for measuring screw lengths.
Unpacking and Inventory
CAUTION
Do not handle the circuit boards without anti-static protection! Doing so may damage
sensitive components. See Anti Static Protection Required on page 4 for important information
before proceeding.
Before starting construction, do a complete inventory, comparing the parts in your kit with the parts list in
Appendix A to familiarize yourself with all of the parts and to ensure the kit is complete. Look in the sealed
envelopes to identify their contents, but do not mix them up. Some screws are very similar in length, but must be
used in the correct locations as described in the procedure.
All dimensions given in the assembly procedure are provided in both US customary (often called English) and
metric measurements. The native dimensions of the parts are in US Customary units. Approximate metric
equivalents are given to assist those more familiar with that system to identify the correct parts.
Screws
A number of different types and sizes of screws and washers are used in the assembly. It is very important that
you use the screw specified in each location or your finished KPA500 may not fit together properly. In some
places, using the wrong size screw may damage components. Smaller screws are identified by one or two digits
denoting their diameter followed by a two-digit number indicating the threads per inch. For example, a 2-56
screw is smaller in diameter than a 4-40, and so on. In this case, the 56 indicates 56 threads per inch and 40
indicates 40 threads per inch. Mating nuts are identified in the same way: A 4-40 nut mates with a 4-40 screw.
Washers are identified by only the first digit since only the diameter is significant. For example, a #4 washer fits
a 4-40 screw.
The length of the screws called for in the text is measured as shown in Figure 1. Since the native measurements
are in inches, the metric values shown throughout the text are approximate but accurate enough to allow you to
identify the correct length.
5
Figure 1. Measuring Screw Lengths
Standoffs
A number of threaded standoffs are used. As with the screws and washers, be sure you use the correct size as
specified in the text. Standoff lengths are measured from end to end as shown in Figure 2. Standoffs threaded for
2-56 and 4-40 screws are used.
Figure 2. Typical Standoff.
Lock Washers
Two types of lock washers are used in the KPA500 (see Figure 3). It is important that you use only the type
specified and put the washers exactly where indicated. Adding washers or placing the washers in the wrong
position may cause parts to fail to fit together properly.
Figure 3. Lock Washers.
6
Overview of the Kit
Figure 4 is a top view of the KPA500 with the top cover removed. The chassis is divided into two major areas
by a bracket (called the Z-bracket due to its shape) that runs down the middle from front to back. The RF
circuitry is on the right in this view, and the power supply is on the left.
The RF circuitry is supplied assembled, factory tested and aligned. It consists of a “sandwich” of two boards; a
power amplifier board mounted on the heat sink and an output low pass filter board below it.
On the left is the power supply, dominated by the toroidal power transformer. Largely hidden by the I/O board is
the power supply module that contains the regulators and other components of the power supply except the
rectifiers. The rectifiers are mounted on a separate board near the front that uses the Z-bracket for a heat sink.
The I/O board provides the circuitry needed by the RS232, AUX and other rear panel interface connectors.
The front panel board contains all the control circuitry, including the circuitry required by the front panel
switches and displays. The front panel board is connected to the I/O board by a ribbon cable that runs alongside
the power transformer.
Figure 4. Assembled KPA500 with Top Cover Removed.
7
Assembly
Use your rule to check the length of screws and standoffs before installing them. Some
Loosen screws as needed for a proper fit. When mounting parts with multiple screws or
Ensure all screws are tight. A loose screw can cause both mechanical and electrical problems
Threads can be easily stripped if too much force is applied when tightening screws. Use the
IMPORTANT ASSEMBLY INFORMATION
A variety of screws and fasteners are used to assemble your KPA500:
components are only 1/16” (1.6 mm) different from others but using the wrong size may result
in parts not fitting correctly, possibly damaging electrical and mechanical components. See
Screws on page 5 and Standoffs on page 6 for more measurement instructions.
adjacent parts that fit together, such as the exterior cabinet panels, loosen adjacent mounting
screws as needed to adjust the parts for the best fit. Be certain you re-tighten the screws before
proceeding.
such as intermittent operation.
correct size hand tool and apply only moderate torque. Do not use a power screwdriver!
Bottom Cover Feet
Locate the bottom cover and install the tilt stand as shown in Figure 5.
First mount one of the feet on the bottom (fully painted) side of the cover, taking care to position it with
the cut-away for the stand as shown in the figure. Use the correct length screws with the screw heads
on the inside
figure. Do not tighten the screws on the foot. Simply start the screws into the nuts so the foot remains
loose.
Then insert the tilt stand laying flat against the bottom cover and add the second foot. Put the screw
head on the inside of the bottom cover just as you did with the first foot.
After starting the screws in the second foot, tighten all four screws.
Test the tilt stand action. It should be held tightly against the bottom cover until it is pulled up nearly
perpendicular with the bottom, then it should snap into position.
Return the tilt stand to its position against the bottom cover.
of the bottom cover and the nuts with captive star washers in the feet as shown in the
8
Install the two rear feet as shown in Figure 5. Note that no lock washers are used and the screws thread into
bushings permanently mounted in the bottom cover.
Figure 5. Installing Bottom Cover Feet.
Check to ensure the tilt stand lies as shown in Figure 5 when it is retracted.
Identify the front edge of the bottom cover. That is the edge that is elevated when the tilt stand is in the
down position.
Note that there is a hole at each corner of the bottom cover. Install a 2D fastener in each corner hole so it
extends off of the front or back edge of the bottom cover as shown in Figure 6. Be sure the 2D fasteners are:
Mounted on the inside (partially painted) side of the bottom cover.
Positioned so they extend off of the front and back edges.
9
Oriented so the widest shoulder is always toward the side of the bottom cover. (Whenever you install a
2D fastener, the widest shoulder goes toward the outside so the fastener will be flush with the edge.)
Don’t be too concerned with getting the 2D fasteners precisely straight. You’ll adjust them later.
Figure 6. Installing 2D Fasteners in the Bottom Cover.
Remove any tape or tape residue you may find on the inside (partially painted) surface or on the outer
surfaces of the raised sides covering the unpainted area as shown in Figure 6).
10
Power Supply Module
Locate the Power Supply Module shown in Figure 7. Note the three metal-tabbed TO220 size I.C.s
mounted at one end.
Figure 7. Power Supply Module I.C.s.
Remove the paper backing from the thermal insulator and carefully place it on U3 so that it completely
covers all the exposed metal as shown in Figure 8. The other two I.C.s do not need insulators.
Figure 8. Thermal Insulator Mounted on U3.
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Locate the heat spreader (see Figure 9). Note that it has six threaded holes; three are larger than the others
and the holes are spaced to match the spacing of the I.C.s on the power supply module. The three holes indicated
in the figure will be used to attach the spreader to the I.C.s. The other three holes will be used later to attach the
heat spreader to the KPA500’s enclosure side panel. The spreader must be oriented as shown or the larger
holes will not line up with the holes in the side panel.
Figure 9. Power Supply Module Heat Spreader Orientation.
Attach the heat spreader to the three I.C.s as shown in Figure 10. Bend the I.C. leads as shown to allow you
to use a screwdriver to tighten the screws. Be sure to install the nylon shoulder washer in the hole of U3 (the I.C.
with the thermal insulator) so the screw does not touch any part of the metal tab. Do not over-tighten the screw;
you can crush the shoulder washer.
Do not bend the leads more than necessary or you may break a lead
.
Figure 10. Mounting the Heat Spreader on the Power Supply Module.
12
Use your DMM to verify the tab of U3 is insulated from the heat spreader and the mounting screw. The
resistance is typically greater than 5,000 ohms if the tab of U3 is properly insulated. A short would be indicated
by a very low resistance, close to what your DMM indicates when the test leads are touched directly together. If
you find a short, inspect your installation carefully and correct the problem. If the thermal insulator is installed
correctly, it will prevent any contact between the metal tab on U3 and the head spreader. If the shoulder washer
is installed correctly, the shoulder will center the screw in the hole in the tab on U3 so it passes through without
touching it, and the washer keeps the screw head and lock washer from touching the tab.
After you have confirmed there is no short between the metal tab on U3 and the head spreader, carefully
bend the heat spreader and integrated circuits back to vertical.
Mount the power supply module on the bottom cover as shown in Figure 11. Be sure to install all seven
screws and washers in the locations shown by the arrows in the figure. Note that one of the screws threads into a
2D fastener you installed at the corner earlier.
Figure 11. Mounting the Power Supply Module on the Bottom Cover.
13
Interlock Switch and Left Side Panel Feet
Locate the left side panel and remove any masking tape found on the inside (partially painted) surface.
Locate the interlock switch and mount it on the inside (not fully painted) side of the side panel as shown in
Figure 12.
Figure 12. Mounting the Interlock Switch on the Left Side Panel.
Install the four rubber side feet in the large holes in the left side panel. Be sure the large flat side of each
foot is on the outside (fully painted side) of the panel. The feet should be fully seated in the holes as shown in
Figure 13. Two suggested procedures for doing this are as follows:
Press Method:
Wet the tip of the foot with a tiny amount of
soap. (Do not use petroleum jelly or oils. They
can deteriorate the rubber over time).
Place the foot, tip up, on a solid work surface.
Position the panel with the outside (fully painted
side) toward the foot with the hole in the panel
against the tip and press down. The tip should
slip through the hole without further help. If
necessary, grip the tip and pull with your longnose pliers, working it from side to side until the
shoulder opens against the inside of the panel.
Do not use excessive force. You can tear the
foot apart.
Wipe any excess soap off of the panel or foot.
Twist Method:
Press the foot against the outside (fully
painted side) of the panel so the tip is in
the hole at an angle.
While pressing the tip into the hole, twist
the foot so the edge of the tip grabs the
inside edge of the hole.
Continue pressing and twisting until the
tip is fully inside the panel all the way
around its circumference. Do not twist
with excessive force. You can tear the
foot apart.
Figure 13. Side Panel Foot Installation.
14
Mount the left side panel on the bottom cover as shown in Figure 14. Note that two different screw sizes are
used. Loosely start all the screws so the panel can move slightly as needed to align all the holes. Tighten all the
screws.
Note: This side panel is installed now to provide a secure, stable chassis for installing components. Later, it will
be removed temporarily to install the power transformer. The transformer is installed as late as possible since its
weight makes handling the chassis more difficult.
Figure 14. Mounting the Left Side Panel on the Bottom Cover.
Mount a 2D fastener at the top of the left side panel near the front end. The fastener goes on the inside
surface of the panel, parallel with the top edge and with the wide shoulder against the panel (see Figure 15).
Figure 15. Mounting a 2D Fastener on the Left Side Panel.
Mount another 2D fastener at the top of the left side panel near the back (above the power supply module),
oriented just like the 2D fastener you installed near the front in the last step. That will leave only one open hole
near the top center of the side panel. It will be used later.
Set the bottom cover assembly aside in a safe place until it is called for later.
15
Rear Panel
Locate the rear panel and remove any masking tape found on the inside (partially painted) surface.
Peel the serial number provided for your KPA500 off of its protective backing and place it on the rear
panel as shown in Figure 16. .
Figure 16. Mounting the Serial Number.
Locate the terminal strip board and the flat terminal strip insulator. If not already done, bend down one side
of each terminal as shown in Figure 17.
Figure 17. Preparing the Terminal Strip Board.
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