E L E C R A F T K N B 2 N O I S E B L A N K E R
Assembly and Operating Instructions
Revision D, Aug. 20, 2002. Copyright © 2002, Elecraft; All Rights Reserved
Introduction
The KNB2 noise blanker can be used to suppress most wide-band noise, including that generated by
automobile ignition systems, power lines, and appliances. In many cases, signals that were completely
"buried" in noise will become easy to copy with the blanker turned on.
Various settings are provided to make the noise blanker more versatile. Two blanking pulse widths are
available, as well as two noise threshold settings. These selections are made using the K2's front panel
and L E V E L buttons, respectively. Refer to Using The Noise Blanker for details.
The KNB2 plugs directly into the K2's RF board with no additional wiring. It is controlled by the main
processor on the control board via the K2's "AuxBus" network. (Complete circuit details can be found on
the back cover.)
Specifications
Blanking Widths NB1, 10 µS; NB2, 70 µS
N B
Current Drain Approx. 13 mA when turned on, 2 mA off
Size 2.3 x 1.4 inches (58 x 36 mm)
i
Caution: Some components in this kit can be damaged by static discharge. Before
handling any transistors or integrated circuits, always put on an anti-static wrist strap or touch any
grounded, unpainted metal surface.
Parts Inventory
p
Qty
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
y)
Q1, Q2, Q4, Q
Q3, Q
Q
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
The table below lists all parts in the kit. If you have trouble identifying any of these items, consult the
K2 Owner's manual, which has photographs of similar parts.
Ref. Descri
C16 Capacitor, 39 pF, 5%, disc 1
C4 Capacitor, 100 pF, 5%, disc ("101"
C3 Capacitor, 820 pF, 5%, disc or monolithic ("821"
C9, C11, C13 Capacitor, .001 µF disc or monolithic ("102"
C6 Capacitor, 1500 pF, 5%, disc or monolithic ("152"
C7 Capacitor, 1800 pF, 5%, disc or monolithic ("182"
C12 Capacitor, .0068 µF disc or monolithic ("682"
C8, C14, C17 Capacitor, .01 µF disc or monolithic ("103"
C10 Capacitor, 0.1 µF disc or monolithic ("104"
C15 Capacitor, electrolytic, 22 µF1
D2, D3 Diode, 1N34A (alternates: 1N191, 1N5711
L1, L2 Toroidal inductor, 1.2 µH, 16 turns #26 on T37-2 core (red
L3 Toroidal inductor, 40 µH, 15 turns #26 on FT37-43 core (gra
P1 Conn., 8-pin male, 0.1" spcg., gold, Samtec TSW-108-07-G-S 1
7 Transistor, PNP, 2N3906 4
5 Transistor, NPN, 2N2222A 2
6 Transistor, MOSFET, 2N7000 1
R8 Resistor, 120 ohms, 1/4 W, 5% (brown-red-brown
R4, R5, R6 Resistor, 220 ohms, 1/4 W, 5% (red-red-brown
R9 Resistor, 300 ohms, 1/4 W, 5% (orange-black-brown
R3 Resistor, 1.8 K, 1/4 W, 5% (brown-gray-red
R7, RF-R88 Resistor, 2.7 K, 1/4 W, 5% (red-violet-red
R10 Resistor, 1 megohm, 1/4 W, 5% (brown-black-green
R1 Resistor, 100 K, 1/4 W, 5% (brown-black-yellow
RP1,RP2 Resistor network, 3.9 K, 4 resistors (isolated), 8 pins 2
U1 IC, RF amplifier, MC1350P 1
U2 IC, voltage regulator, 78L06 1
U3 IC, Microcontroller, 12C509A (alternate: 12C508A
tion
.
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
(parts list continues on next page)
2
Ref. Description Qty.
J12 (RF board) Conn., 8 pin female, 0.1" spcg., gold, Samtec SSW-108-01-G-S 1
HDWR Split lock washer, #4 (Note: 2 spares provided) 6
HDWR Machine screw, 4-40 x 1/4", phillips 2
HDWR Standoff, 3/16" dia. x 3/8" long, round, 4-40 threaded 1
MISC Wire, #26 enamel 3 ft.
MISC KNB2 PC board, Elecraft P/N E100087 1
Assembly
i
The noise blanker board will be mounted directly above the K2's I.F. amplifier transistor,
Q22. To avoid shorts between the bottom of the noise blanker and Q22 (or Q22's heat sink), you must
trim all noise blanker component leads to 1/16" (1.5 mm) or less. Flush-cutters are ideal for this. If
you don't have flush-cutters, trim leads close to the board before soldering.
including C15). Bend the leads of each capacitor slightly to hold it in place. Trim the leads before soldering
or flush-cut afterward, as described above.
banded end of each diode as indicated by its PC board outline.
Install all of the capacitors in the order shown in the parts list (C16, C4, C3, etc., up to but not
Install electrolytic capacitor C15 with its positive (+) lead inserted into the hole labeled "+".
Install Diodes D2 and D3. These are glass-bodied diodes and should be handled carefully. Orient the
Install all of the transistors (Q1-Q7). (Note: Be sure not to install a transistor at the location labeled
"U2," near the standoff hole. U2 is a voltage regulator IC.) Transistors should be mounted so that their
bodies are approximately 1/8" (3 mm) above the PC board. Re-check each part number against the list
before soldering.
Install resistors R8, R9, and R10, which are located on the top side of the board near U1 (MC1350).
i
In the following step, you'll install several resistors on the bottom side of the PC board. Since
components on the top side of the board are very closely spaced, you should solder the bottom-mounted
resistors on the bottom side. This will prevent damage to top-mounted components. To avoid difficulty in
trimming resistors leads, pre-trim the leads to the correct length before mounting.
clearance is maintained for the I.F. amplifier (RF board, Q22), keep the resistors flush against the bottom of
the board. Pre-trim the leads and solder on the bottom side as explained above.
Install the remaining resistors, all of which are on the bottom side of the board. To ensure that
3
Install resistor networks RP1 and RP2. These networks are symmetrical and can be installed in either
of two orientations. Note: Don’t confuse RP1 with connector P1, which also has 8 pins.
i
Before handling U3, touch an unpainted, grounded surface. This is a CMOS IC that can be
damaged by static discharge.
end of its PC board outline. The labels on the PC board correspond to the labels on the ICs.
Note: Sockets are not supplied and are not needed for these ICs.
inductor, “sew” the long end of the wire through the core exactly 16 times. Each pass through the core
counts as one turn. The winding should look like the illustration below, except it will have 16 turns.
Install 8-pin ICs U1 and U3. Be sure to align the notched or dotted end of each IC with the notched
Install voltage regulator U2. This device has a plastic body similar to a transistor.
Inductor L1 is wound on a T37-2 core (red) using 12 inches (30 cm) of #26 enamel wire. To wind the
Remove insulation
Spread out the turns of L1 so they occupy about 85% of the core’s circumference as shown.
Cut L1's leads to about 1/2" (12 mm) long. Completely remove the enamel insulation from the leads
to within 1/8” (3 mm) of the core. You can use a "blob" of solder, a solder pot, butane lighter, or sandpaper to remove the insulation. If you scrape the insulation off, be careful not to nick the wire.
Install L1 vertically on the PC board as shown by its component outline, then pull the leads taut on
the bottom of the board. Make sure that the exposed part of each lead is shiny and has no insulation.
4
Trim and solder the leads of L1. When soldering, make sure that the solder binds well to the leads. If
P
the lead appears to be an “island” in a small pool of solder, chances are it is not making good contact. It’s a
good idea to measure from pad to pad using an ohmmeter to be sure the leads are making contact.
Wind and install L2 in exactly the same way as L1.
Inductor L3 is wound using 10" (25 cm) of enamel wire on an FT37-43 core (gray). Wind 15 turns
on the core, and prepare the leads as you did with L1 and L2. Install and solder L3 vertically as indicated
by its PC board outline.
Install 8-pin male connector P1 on the bottom of the PC board in the position indicated by its
component outline. Do not solder yet. The drawing below shows how P1 should appear viewed from the
left end of the board, with the component side up.
Components on top
1 (on bottom)
Solder just one pin of P1, near the middle of the connector. Verify that P1 is now perpendicular to the
PC board and is seated completely flat. If not, re-heat the soldered pin and press down on all of P1's pins
until the connector drops into place. Once the connector is seated correctly, solder the remaining pins.
Installation
Turn the K2 off and disconnect any power supply or battery connected to the DC power jack (J3).
Remove the top and bottom covers. (Do not remove the heat sink panel.)
Remove jumper W5 on the RF board (near the heat-sinked I.F. amplifier transistor, Q22). It is best to
de-solder W5 and remove it completely rather than just cut it at both ends. If the noise blanker must be
removed later, W5 can be re-installed, or you can insert a wire between pins 1 and 6 of J12.
Remove resistors R88, R89, and R90 from the RF board (near J12). Be careful not to damage any pads
or traces when you remove these components.
Install a short jumper wire at R89. You can use a discarded component lead.
Install a 2.7 k resistor at R88 (this resistor is listed as RF-R88 in the noise blanker parts list).
5
Install the 8-pin female connector on the RF board at J12 as shown by its outline near W5. Do not
solder yet. The side view of J12, below, shows how it should appear once properly seated.
J12
Solder just one pin near the middle of J12, on the bottom of the RF board. Then, if the connector is not
sitting completely flat against the RF board (or is not vertical), reheat this pin and carefully press the
connector down. You may hear it snap into place. Then solder the remaining pins of J12.
Install the 3/8" (9.5 mm) standoff on the top of the RF board as shown below, using a total of three
split lock washers and a 1/4" (6 mm) machine screw. The mounting hole for the standoff is just to the right
of I.F. amplifier transistor Q22. Use two split lock washers between the standoff and the top of the RF
board in order to position the module at the correct height.
If Q22 on the RF board is not seated flat against the board, re-heat all three pins alternately and push it
down until it is flush. Make sure that Q22's heat sink is pushed down as far as it will go and is not loose.
Plug the noise blanker module into J12 (above Q22), being careful to line up all pins of P1 with J12.
Secure the module to the standoff provided using a 1/4" (6 mm) screw and one split lock washer.
Re-install the bottom cover (6 screws).
6
Initial Test
Turn on the K2 and verify that you see the usual E L E C R A F T display. If you see I N F O 0 8 0 or no
display, you may have the noise blanker plugged into J12 incorrectly (offset by one or more pins). If it
appears to be installed correctly, check for a short on the 12 V or AuxBus lines (pins 3 and 7 of P1,
respectively).
i
Installing the noise blanker should have no effect on receiver sensitivity. If it seems that signals
have become weaker, L1 or L2 may have the wrong number of turns, or their leads may not be stripped and
tinned properly. Another possibility is an incorrect capacitor value at C3, C4, C6, or C7.
on the display. Leave the noise blanker in the O F F position for now. If you see N O T I N S T (not
installed), you may have U3 soldered in backwards or the noise blanker may not be plugged in correctly.
Tap the N B button on the front panel. As you tap this button, you should see N B 1 , N B 2 , and O F F
Using The Noise Blanker
The KNB2 works best on wide-band pulse noise, such as that created by power lines, auto ignition, and
some appliances. Like other pulse-type noise blankers, it will not suppress atmospheric (random) noise or
noise that occurs only at specific frequencies.
You should leave the noise blanker OFF unless noise is present. If signals become degraded with the
noise blanker turned on, try a different setting, or try turning off the preamp.
The
N B button controls the noise blanker mode, which is O F F on power-up. If you hear pulse-type noise,
first tap
does not improve the signal to noise ratio, tap
wider pulse width can result in audible modulation of strong signals, especially in CW mode.
N B to select N B 1 (narrow pulse width). The "NB" annunciator on the LCD will turn on. If this
N B again to select N B 2 (wide pulse width). Note: The
The
L E V E L button controls the blanking threshold. When you turn on the K2, the threshold will be set to
H I T H R . This means that only strong noise pulses will activate the blanker, which minimizes received-
signal degradation. However, on a quiet band or when using low-efficiency antennas, you may find the
L O T H R setting more effective. This is especially true when operating mobile, since a whip antenna may
be inefficient yet still pick up ignition noise. L O T H R is selected by holding
again switches back to H I T H R . The "NB" annunciator will blink whenever L O T H R is in use. This
serves as a reminder that any signal degradation that you hear may be due to the low blanking threshold.
Optional Modification for use with the Low Threshold Setting
If you use L O T H R frequently and find that it causes receiver modulation products to appear, it may be
helpful to solder a small capacitor between pins 7 and 8 of the MC1350 IC. A value of 33 pF is
recommended, but it isn't critical. Be sure that adding this capacitor doesn't cause problems with the
H I T H R setting. If possible, test the noise blanker before and after the modification using a controlled
noise source.
L E V E L , and holding it
7
Circuit Details
U1 amplifies the I.F. signal, which is then detected by D2 (1N34A). Q1 reduces the gain of U1 in proportion to overall
signal strength, keeping the signal at D2 relatively constant. Negative-going pulses that are above the threshold
established by D3 and R3 turn Q2 on, triggering the one-shot (Q3/Q4). Q6 can be used to switch in a larger-value
capacitor, increasing the blanking time. The pulse output of the one-shot (GATE) saturates Q5, attenuating the signal at
the output of the band-pass filter. The band-pass filter creates a small delay between input and output, so that the GATE
signal arrives just ahead of the noise pulses. The controller, U3, decodes auxBus commands from the main processor. It
then controls power to the blanker (via Q7), pulse width (via Q6), and blanking threshold (via R3).
6NB
+
.01
1
2
P1
2N7000
S
ALC
Q1
2N3906
R1
100K
L3
40 µH
3.9K
RP1
C13
.001
C6
1500
C7
1800
To RF Board, J12
2N3906,
PN2222A
D
E
G
6NB
B
6
5
R10
1M
D2
1N34A
Noise Gate
C8
.01
RF OUT
AUXBUS
C
OUT
RP1
3.9K
.001
78L06
GND
2N3906
PN2222A
78L06
IN
C9
IN
1N34A
Q2
7
RP1
3.9K
8
Pulse Amp
Q5
R5
220
U2
OUT
R6
220
MC1350, 12C509A
1
2
3
45
6NB
Q3
PN2222A
Q6
2N7000
81
7
6
5
4
RP2
3.9K
3
2
RP2
3.9K
1
.001
SD
.0068
G
PULSE WIDTH
0V = NARROW
6V = WIDE
0V = ON
6V = OFF
Q4
2N3906
One-shot
C11
56
C12
6V Switch
Q7
2N3906
R7
2.7K
RP2
3.9K
RP2
3.9K
6NB
GATE
7
8
6V
D3
R3
1.8K
R4
220
THRESHOLD
0V = HIGH
6V = LOW
GATE
6V
VDD
VSS
2
GP5
C10
0.1
GP0
3
GP4
GP1
4
GP3
GP2
U3
12C509A
Controller
= On bottom of PC board.
8
7
6
KNB2 Noise Blanker
Elecraft
By
W. Burdick
E. Swartz
Rev. Sht.
Date
D 8-19-02
1 of 1
U1
MC1350
RF Amp
C16
39
Band-Pass Filter
(-6 dB)
R8
120
R9
300
C3
820
L1 L2
1.2 µH
12V
12345678
RP1
3.9K
34
C15
22µF
AGC
5867
C17
.01
100
C4
C14
1234
1.2 µH
Elecraft • www.elecraft.com • 831-662-8345
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