Echo EN55022 User Manual
5SX_
LANlink
Router Option
User Manual
WARNING - BEFORE INSTALLATION, PLEASE
REFER TO SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS IN
APPENDIX A, AND EMC INSTRUCTIONS IN
APPENDIX C
Certified Compliant in the EC, when fitted in accordance with the installation
instructions, against the following directives/standards:
Low Voltage Directive
EN60950 : 1992 (Safety)
Electromagnetic Compatibility
subsequent amendm ents to date):
EN55022 : 1994 (Emissions)
EN50082-1 : 1992 (Immunity)
Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
(91/263/EEC and amendment 93/68/EEC) where indicated in
approvals requirements section.
(73/23/EEC and am endment 93/68/EEC)
directive (89/336/EEC and
directive
Part Number: E A88001A
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 2 of 59
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................... 6
1.1 Functional Overview............................................................................. 7
1.2 Typical Applications .............................................................................7
2 USE AND CONFIGURATION................................................ 9
2.1 Router Configuration............................................................................ 9
2.2 Supervisor Terminal Requirements...................................................... 9
2.3 Router Terminal Display....................................................................... 9
2.4 Router Management........................................................................... 11
2.4.1 General Keyboard Conventions.................................................. 11
2.4.2 Parameter Selection.................................................................... 11
2.5 Multiplexer Management....................................................................13
2.5.1 Allocating bandwidth to the Router ............................................. 13
2.5.2 Returning to the Main Menu Screen............................................ 14
2.5.3 Clearing the Configuration back to Factory Default .................... 14
2.6 System Status.....................................................................................14
2.6.1 MAIN LINK CARRIER LOSS.......................................................15
2.6.2 D/I CARRIER LOSS.................................................................... 15
2.6.3 REMOTE ALARM........................................................................ 15
2.6.4 Nx64 CHANNEL x CONTROL DISAFFIRMED............................ 15
2.6.5 Nx64 CHANNEL x CLOCK FAIL ................................................. 15
2.6.6 MAIN LINK HIGH BIT ERROR RATE.......................................... 15
2.6.7 LOCAL/REMOTE MAP MISMATCH............................................ 15
2.6.8 D/I REMOTE ALARM.................................................................. 15
2.6.9 ROUTER WAN LINK STATUS.................................................... 16
3 INSTALLATION................................................................... 17
3.1 Opening the Multiplexer ..................................................................... 17
3.2 Internal Link LK13 .............................................................................. 18
3.3 Installing the Router Option................................................................ 18
3.4 Testing................................................................................................ 19
3.5 Data Connections............................................................................... 19
3.6 Front Panel LEDs............................................................................... 19
3.7 Quick Configuration............................................................................ 20
3.7.1 Multiplexer Configuration ............................................................ 20
3.7.2 Router Configuration................................................................... 20
4 ROUTER MENU OPTIONS................................................. 23
4.1 UNIT STATUS.................................................................................... 23
4.2 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS.......................................................................... 24
4.2.1 IP: ROUTING TABLE.................................................................. 24
4.2.2 IP: ARP TABLE........................................................................... 25
4.2.3 IPX: RIP TABLE.......................................................................... 26
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 3 of 59
4.2.4 IPX: SAP TABLE ......................................................................... 27
4.2.5 SHOW TRAFFIC DETAILS......................................................... 28
4.3 NETWORK LOADING........................................................................ 28
4.4 REMOTE MANAGEMENT.................................................................. 29
4.4.1 TELNET OUT.............................................................................. 29
4.4.2 NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION............................................ 29
4.4.3 SECURITY.................................................................................. 30
4.4.4 SNMP SETUP............................................................................. 31
4.5 UNIT CONFIGURATION.................................................................... 31
4.6 SERVICE SETUP............................................................................... 32
4.6.1 ETHERNET SERVICE SETUP.................................................... 32
4.6.2 WAN SERVICE SETUP .............................................................. 34
4.7 FILTER SETUP.................................................................................. 36
4.7.1 MAC FILTERS (WAN or Ethernet).............................................. 36
4.7.2 IP FILTER (WAN or Ethernet)..................................................... 37
4.7.3 IPX SAP FILTER MENU (WAN or Ethernet)............................... 38
4.7.4 IPX HEADER FILTERS............................................................... 40
4.7.5 NOVELL KEEP-ALIVES.............................................................. 41
4.8 EVENTS............................................................................................. 41
4.8.1 PPP EVENTS.............................................................................. 42
4.8.2 SYSTEM EVENTS....................................................................... 4 2
Appendix A WARNINGS............................................................. 44
Appendix B APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS .............................. 47
Appendix C EMC REQUIREMENTS .......................................... 48
Appendix D REAR PANEL LAYOUT ......................................... 49
Appendix E AUI PORT (15-WAY D-TYPE) PINOUT.................. 50
Appendix F 10BASE-T (RJ45) PORT PINOUT.......................... 51
Appendix G IP FILTER EXAMPLES........................................... 52
Appendix H IP SUBNETS........................................................... 55
Appendix I ROUTER MAINTENANCE MENU.......................... 56
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 4 of 59
GLOSSARY
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BER Bit Error Rate
BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol
bps bits per second
CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
D&I Drop and Insert
DNS Domain Name Server
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
FAS Frame Alignment Synchronisation
GND Ground
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
IP Internet Protocol
IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange
LAN Local Area Network
LED Light Emitting Diode
MAC Media Access Control
NCP NetWare Core Protocol
PABX Privat e Automatic Branch Exchange
PAP Password Authentication Protocol
PC Personal Computer
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PPP Point to Point Protocol
RIP Routing Information Protocol
SAP Server Advertising Protocol
SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage
SKT Socket
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TDM Time Division Multiplexer
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
UDP User Datagram Protocol
WAN Wide Area Network
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 5 of 59
Echo LA Nlink
Router Option
User Manual
1 INTRODUCTION
This user manual describes installation, configuration and operation of the
Echo LANlink Multiplexer Router option, and must be referred to in
conjunction with the Echo LANlink Multiplexer User Manual.
The Echo LANlink is an E1 time division multiplexer (TDM) operating at
2Mbps compliant with both EUROPEAN and UK G.703 communications
standards. The Router Option card adds the capability of connecting two
Local Area Networks (LANs), via the E1 communication link, using some or
all of the link bandwidth.
A Router Option card needs to be installed i nside the Echo LANlink at both
ends of the communications link. Each Router examines addressing
information on each LAN, and on recognition of an address on the distant
LAN, forwards the frame via the communication link, thereby linki ng the two
LANs together (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 Linking two LANs together
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 6 of 59
The Router Option card is easily confi gured using the management terminal
connected to the Echo LANlink from either end of the link, or through Telnet
at a relevant workstation either LAN.
1.1 Functional Overview
The Router Option card supports both transceiver connection (AUI port) and
hub (10BASE-T por t) connection to a 10MHz Ethernet LAN. Ethernet frames
are transported to/from the remote LAN using some or all of the main
communications link bandwidth. The bandwidth is allocated in 64Kbps
timeslots amongst the various functions of the multiplexer as required by the
user. Up to 1984Kbps free bandwidth is available on an E1 link, 64Kbps is
permanently assigned for E1 frame synchronisation and signalling.
The router supports both the popular Internet Protocol (IP) and Internetwork
Packet Exchange (IPX) protocols. Many other protocols may be used
encapsulated by these as required: e.g. TCP, UDP, and NetWare.
The router maintains dynamic routing tables so that Ethernet frames are
routed to their correct destinati on. This capability is performed automatically
by the router as it “learns” routes and addresses available in the network. The
router will also broadcast its own routing information to other devices on the
network. Inoperative routes will time-out and be removed from the routing
tables so that alternative routes may be used in the event a communications
circuit failure.
A data compression algorithm is used when transporting Ethernet frames
through the communications link to increase the throughput of data.
Comprehensive filtering options are available so the router may act as a
sophisticated firewall to give added security for the LAN.
1.2 Typical Applications
The simplest application for the Router Option is to link two LANs as shown in
Figure 1. In this example, the Branch Office is linked to the Headquarters via
the Echo LANlinks and users at the Branch office will be able to access the
General Servers as if they were on the same network.
Further use of the router functionality can give sophisticated security for
network elements. Restrictive firewalls are easily built usi ng subnet masking.
Entire subnets can be isolated from the network by simply entering
appropriate configurations – see Fi gure 2. In this example the Salesperson i n
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 7 of 59
the Branch Office could access the Headquarters General Server via the
Echo LANlink, but accesses to the Finance Server could be stopped using
subnet masking in the Echo LANlink.
Figure 2 Restrictive Firewall Example
In addition to the features of the router, all the existing functions of the Echo
LANlink are still available. This means that as well as connecting two remote
LANs, the Echo LANlink can also carry PABX voice tra ffic (using D&I option
card or ADPCM option card), and data traffic between the two sites, all
simultaneously multiplexed onto one E1 communication link.
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 8 of 59
2 USE AND CONFIGURATION
This section covers connection and set-up of the Echo LANlink Router
Option, and must be used in conjunction with the Echo LANli nk User Manual.
If you are not familiar with the general configuration procedure for the Echo
LANlink, please refer to that manual before reading further and attempting to
configure the Router Option.
2.1 Router Configuration
The Router is initially configured using an asynchronous terminal, or PC
using a suitable terminal emulation package such as Wi ndows Terminal. The
terminal should be connected via its serial port to the SUPERVISOR port on
the rear of the Echo LANlink (see Echo LANlink User Manual).
2.2 Supervisor Terminal Requirements
The terminal should be configured as follows:
8 bit character, no parity, one stop bit, speed 9.6Kbps,
2.3 Router Terminal Display
After power up, the terminal will display the following message:
login:
Either type in the factory default login, mgr, or your login name if one has
previously been set and press <return>. The system will also prompt for a
password if one has been set - initially no password is required, but password
protection of the router configuration system is imperative to reduce the risk
of unauthorized changes. The set-up of a password is covered later.
The terminal will then display the following question.
Default terminal VT 100/220/320/420. OK (y or n)?
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 9 of 59
If you are using a terminal from this list type
n <return>
to enter another type: supported terminal types are shown in
y <return>
, or alternatively press
Figure 3 - type one of them in to select a suitable terminal type and press
<return>
VT100
VT220
VT320
FALCO SUNVIEW
SUN
WYSE50 A210
TVI925
TVI910
VT420
Figure 3 Supported Terminal Types
Once a terminal type has been selected, the main menu screen shown in
Figure 4 will be displayed. Using the keyboard arrow keys you should be able
to move the highlighted cursor between the various menu items. If this is not
the case, or the display is corrupted, i t may be because the terminal type is
incorrect, or the terminal settings are wrong. In this case, pressi ng L followed
by
<return>
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| UNIT: S1234 LOGOUT |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
ROUTER MANAGEMENT
MULTIPLEXER MANAGEMENT NONE
SYSTEM STATUS NO ALARMS
should lead you back to the login prompt.
Figure 4 Main Menu Screen
The Echo LANlink with Router Option is configured in two parts: Router
Management (for all the router functions) and Multiplexer Management (for all
the multiplexer functions).
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 10 of 59
2.4 Router Management
Selecting ROUTER MANAGEMENT from the main menu allows the user to
configure the router. The router management screen is shown in Figure 5.
Refer to Section 4 for details on each menu option.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ROUTER: S1234 EXIT |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
UNIT STATUS
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
NETWORK LOADING
REMOTE MANAGEMENT
UNIT CONFIGURATION
SERVICE SETUP
FILTER SETUP
EVENTS
Figure 5 Router Management Screen
2.4.1 General Keyboard Conventions
The following keys are used to navigate the configuration screens for the
router management.
Æ
Æ
Å
Å
Ç
È
È
Moves the cursor block to the right
Moves the cursor block to the left
Moves the cursor block upwards
Moves the cursor block downwards
<return> selects/initiates the highlighted option
2.4.2 Parameter Selection
When a command is selected from the command line using the cursor,
pressing <return> will initiate action.
Some commands require the user to enter data. In Figure 6, a user has
selected to ADD a new W AN IP filter. A new line has appeared allowing the
user to enter the source IP address for the WAN filter. In this case, type in the
required value using the keyboard and press <return>. Press <esc> to
cancel any data entry operation
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 11 of 59
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| WAN IP FILTER 1 - WAN IP FILTER 1: S1234 EXIT |
| ADD EDIT DELETE CLEAR NAME |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
ENTER THE SOURCE I.P. ADDRESS (RETURN = ALL):
LINE SRC ADDR SRC MASK DEST ADD DEST MASK PROT S.PRT D.PRT RSLT
Figure 6 Entering a Parameter
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2.5 Multiplexer Management
Selecting
MULTIPLEXER MANAGEMENT
from the main menu allows the
user to configure the multiplexer functions. If another user is currently
accessing the multiplexer management page (e.g. via a Telnet session) this
will be indicated next to the menu item. Only one session is allowed access to
the multiplexer functions at any one time. If
NONE
is displayed the user is
free to enter multiplexer management. If an IP address is displayed, then this
is the address of the user currently accessing the multiplexer functions. If
CONSOLE
is displayed, then the multiplexer functions are being accessed
via the multiplexer supervisor port. You may choose to break their session if
absolutely necessary but this shoul d be used with caution.
Figure 7 shows the main multiplexer configuration page. Refer to the Echo
LANlink User manual for details on how to configure the multiplexer. New
options that are availabl e when the Router Option is fitted are detailed below.
2 MEGABIT E1 MULTIPLEXER V1.04
================================ 00:00 25/12/97 ===============================
Main Link (UK) : SYNCHRONISED Exit to Router:
Mode : NORMAL * Nx64 Channels : 2 + ROUTER
Framing : CRC4 D&I Channels : NOT FITTED
Idle Bandwidth : 1984K Alarms : None
Clock Reference : INTERNAL Statistics : Main Link
Configuration :>LOCAL Events : Log
Nx64 Channel : 1 2 ROUTER
Rate : OFF OFF OFF
Mode : NORMAL NORMAL
Tx Clock : INT INT
Rx Clock : INT INT
Indicate : ON ON
Control : ON ON
------------------------TIMESLOT MAP-------------------------- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
-------------------------------------------------------------- S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cursor keys to move, CTRL-U to save, ESC to abandon
===============================================================================
Use <SPACEBAR>/<+>/<-> to select
Figure 7 Main Multiplexer Configuration Page
2.5.1 Allocating bandwidth to the Router
The amount of bandwidth allocated to the router determines the throughput of
Ethernet data through the router. Bandwidth is allocated using the timeslot
map on the multipl exer
Nx64 Channels
page. Typing ‘R’ in the timeslot map
will assign that timeslot to the router. Any combination of timeslots may be
allocated to the router (except timeslot 0, which is always reserved) and each
timeslot assigned will cont r ibu t e 6 4Kbps of bandw idth. The
Rate
field for the
route r will automatically be updated to show the bandwidth assigned.
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 13 of 59
Figure 8 shows an exam ple tim eslot set-up with 512Kbps allocated to channel 1,
320Kbps allocated to channel 2, and 1152Kbps allocated to the router.
2 MEGABIT E1 MULTIPLEXER V1.04
================================ 00:00 25/12/97 ===============================
Main Link (UK) : SYNCHRONISED Exit to Router:
Mode : NORMAL * Nx64 Channels : 2 + ROUTER
Framing : CRC4 D&I Channels : NOT FITTED
Idle Bandwidth : 0K Alarms : None
Clock Reference : INTERNAL Statistics : Main Link
Configuration :>LOCAL Events : Log
Nx64 Channel : 1 2 ROUTER
Rate : 512K 320K 1152K
Mode : NORMAL NORMAL
Tx Clock : INT INT
Rx Clock : INT INT
Indicate : ON ON
Control : ON ON
------------------------TIMESLOT MAP-------------------------- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
-------------------------------------------------------------- S R 1 R 1 R R 2 2 R R R R R R R R R R R 1 1 1 1 1 1 R R R 2 2 2
Cursor keys to move, CTRL-U to save, ESC to abandon
===============================================================================
Use <SPACEBAR>/<+>/<-> to select
Figure 8 Example Timeslot Set-up
2.5.2 Returning to the Main Menu Screen
Selecting the
Exit to Router
menu option will return the user back to the
main menu screen. If any unsaved changes have been left, a prompt will
appear to confirm the action, as any unsaved changes will be lost after
leaving the multiplexer management page.
2.5.3 Clearing the Configuration back to Factory Default
The multiplexer may be reset back to the factory default configuration by
pressing
CTRL-R
four times when the cursor is on the
Configuration
item. A
confirm message will be displayed before the configuration is reset. The
previous configuration will be lost.
2.6 System Status
The main menu
SYSTEM STATUS
overall system. Selecting this item gives the status of all the alarms in the
system as detailed below. Note the router monitors the alarm status of the
multiplexer and therefore the alarms have to be configured under multiplexer
management to be valid.
item displays the alarm status of the
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 14 of 59
2.6.1 MAIN LINK CARRIER LOSS
The local Multiplexer cannot identify a valid synchronisation sequence (FAS,
CRC4 etc) from the remote multiplexer.
2.6.2 D/I CARRIER LOSS
The Multiplexer cannot identify a valid synchronisation sequence (FAS,
CRC4 etc) from the unit attached to the D&I port.
2.6.3 REMOTE ALARM
The unit attached to the D&I port is generating an
alarm
in the framing
information, that is, it is reporting that it has a problem.
2.6.4 Nx64 CHANNEL x CONTROL DISAFFIRMED
One of the channel ports (which is in use) is not providing the multiplexer with
a
CONTROL signal. This may mean that the signals have not been
true
connected at all. Note that unconnected CONTROL inputs will produce a
random
ON or OFF indication. Control inputs from ports that are not
allocated in the timeslot map are ignored.
2.6.5 Nx64 CHANNEL x CLOCK FAIL
One of the data channels cannot synchronise its clock to the global network
clock. This may occur if a channel is set to
external
clock, and either no
clock at all is connected, or the clock that is connected is the wrong rate.
2.6.6 MAIN LINK HIGH BIT ERROR RATE
Shows FAULT if the Bit Error Rate exceeds the threshold set. With an error
free link, this fault will eventually clear when the BER becomes less than the
threshold set.
2.6.7 LOCAL/REMOTE MAP MISMATCH
The configuration in the l ocal unit
does not match
that in the remote unit.
This would almost certainly lead to data errors on some channels.
2.6.8 D/I REMOT E ALARM
The unit attached to the D&I port is generating an
alarm
in the framing
information, that is, it is reporting that it has a problem.
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 15 of 59
2.6.9 ROUTER WAN LINK STATUS
The status of the link between the two routers is displayed.
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 16 of 59
3 INSTALLATION
WARNI N G – Refer to Appendix A for Safety Instruction s.
WARNING - The multiplexer must be disconnected from the power supply
and all peripher al con n ection s before open i ng.
3.1 Opening the Multiplexer
With the power cord and all peripherals DISCONNECTED, the screws on the left,
right and top of the multiplexer are removed using a Pozidrive screwdriver to gain
access to the interior of the multiplexer. This allows installation of the option
cards
J15
J10 LK13
Figure 9 Echo LANlink Baseboard
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 17 of 59
3.2 Internal Link LK13
Locate the internal connector LK13 on the motherboard (refer to Figure 9). This
will be fitted with shorting links if the Echo LANlink was supplied without the
Router Option. Remove the shorting links before fitting the Router Option. The
links may be repositioned on one pin for storage.
3.3 Installing the Router Option
Remove the option blanking plate above the CH 1 and CH2 connectors on the
rear panel of the multiplexer. The blanking plate may be discarded if not required.
The Router Option card should be carefully fi tted in the posi ti on shown i n Figure
10, connecting to J10 and J15 on the motherboard (refer to Figure 9). The Router
Option power connector (flying lead) should be connected to J12 (ensure correct
polarisation). Refit the rear panel screws to secure the option card
Router
Option
Figure 10 Echo LANlink showing Router Option Fitted
Echo LANli nk Router Option User Manual Issue 1.0 04 December 1997 Page 18 of 59
J12
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