The DMM 4650 is a signal processor which allows for an universal generation and control of audio signals.
Its main purpose is the installation in electro-acoustic rack systems, but stand-alone applications are
possible as well. The audio signals can consist of alarm, gong, voice messages but also of random
combinations of these sources. The programs were created by Dynacord (preset). Anyway, it is possible
for the user (consulting company, etc.) to modify those programs and store them as user-programs. The
audio input can be mixed with the DMM 4650 internally generated audio signals (e.g. gong signals with
announcements), or given out as priority at the audio output (programmable).
The audio quality of the messages can be selected, depending on memory extension and different user
requirements. With maximum memory extension, a total recording time of 16 minutes is possible.
Password protection for various operation levels is provided. For “EASY-USER”, the provided operation
features are similar to those known from cassette recorders or CD players. The control of the programs
is performed via floating inputs and floating outputs provide status messages. The priorities and functions
of these lines can be programmed individually (Setup). A computer interface facilitates saving and loading
of the unit’s configuration and its message data.
In order to ensure functional reliability, self-surveillance and audio data verification are employed. The
alarm is ignited via internal fault-output while all warnings are logged. The DMM 4650 is maintenance-free
since no serviceable parts, batteries or accumulators are to be found inside the appliance.
- high ambient temperature or direct influence of heat sources
- high humidity
- heavy dust deposits
- extreme vibrations
In case the appliance is transported directly from a cold environment to a warm location, dampness can
precipitate on the inner parts. Operating the device is only admissible after waiting for approximately one
hour until the aparatus has gained the ambient temperature.
Should objects or liquids get into the enclosure, disconnect the unit from the mains immediately and have
the appliance checked by a DYNACORD service center, before further use.
Do not use any sprays to clean the unit, because they could lead to severe damage and/or perhaps cause
sudden fire hazard.
5
FRONT PANEL
1. INPUT MIC
XLR-socket for the connection of a microphone when
recording a message. By using a short test-sample, the
level is automatically adjusted and the setting is saved.
This input can also be used for making announcements.
2. INPUT LINE
RCA-type sockets for the connection of stereo or
monaural audio signal sources (tape deck, CD player)
when recording a message. A wired in parallel 0dBu
socket on the rear panel is also provided. By using a
short test-sample, the level is automatically adjusted
and the setting is saved.
This input can also be used for making announcements.
3. PHONES
Stereo phone jack 1/4" (6.3 mm) to pre-listen to messages, gong and alarm signals via headphones. Wired in
parallel, a 0dBu socket is provided on the rear panel.
7. RECORDER
Keys for …
TITLE skip back, REWIND, PLAY/STOP, REC, FAST
FORWARD, TITLE skip forward.
8. EXIT
Key for exiting the edit mode in order to prevent unauthorized operation. Each pressing of the key switches
back one menu stage.
9. POWER
The LED lights whenever the DMM 4650 is ready for
operation. In case the LED BLINKS you should contact
a DYNACORD service center.
4. Multi-function Display
Back-lit LC display, 2 lines with 16 characters, each.
The display lights up by pressing any key.
The display is dimmed whenever the EXIT-key gets
pressed or no key is pressed for at all within a short
while.
5. SOFT KEY
Depending on the selected operation mode, the soft
keys are used in various ways. The according function
is indicated on the display.
6. CURSOR
CURSOR-keys to control the cursor on the display and
for modifying data.
6
REAR PANEL
1O. 24 V DC power supply
2 flat-pin plugs 1/4" (6.3 mm) for connection to emergency power supply (battery) or other external power
sources. Please mind the correct polarity (+-).
11. REMOTE
The 9-pole D-SUB connector “Remote-Control RS-232"
is a serial computer interface for data transfer and
service functions.
PORT A-D
All inputs and outputs are provided in 2-pole floating
design and isolated from the DMM 4650 circuitry and
adjacent lines.
Each input is realized as an AC opto-coupler (AC floating polarity).
Each output has a floating relay contact.
Each port connector (DB 25) has 4 inputs, 4 outputs,
and per port +24 V line and ground potential conductors.
By means of the 24 V DC voltage, it is possible to
connect external floating control keys as well as contacts directly.
12. PORT A
4 control inputs and 4 trigger outputs
1 fault output (alarm on defect of the appliance)
1 ±24V DC, 90 mA power source
13. PORT B
Control inputs, trigger outputs and ±24 V DC
14. PORT C
Control inputs, trigger outputs and ±24 V DC
* optionally retrofitted
15. PORT D
Control inputs, trigger outputs and ±24 V DC
* optionally retrofitted
16. PRE-OUT
RCA-type socket, pre-listen
All inputs and outputs and their corresponding functions
can be freely assigned or a factory preset can be
recalled instead.
17. REC-INP
RCA-type socket, recording, announcement
18. OUTPUT
3-pole XLR-type connector (audio output) electronically
balanced (transformer can be retrofitted).
19. INPUT
3-pole XLR-type connector (audio input) electronically
balanced (transformer can be retrofitted).
7
Use of the DMM 4650
The DMM 4650 can be used in both, incorporated in a rack shelf system or as stand-alone unit. The
installer should automate the daily sequences by external control keys, sensors, contacts and the
corresponding unit settings. This applies for gongs, alarms, messages and their combinations, as well as
for recordings of variable announcements. This contributes to a considerable advantage in the ease of
use since manually operating the appliance is not necessary anymore.
Often used functions of the DMM 4650 are directly implemented as factory presets and can be utilized
without any additional programming effort. By editing the default values and storing them into a user preset
a customer-optimized configuration is quickly developed.
Audio function
The audio signals of the electro-acoustic sound reinforcement system are looped via INPUT and OUTPUT
to the power amplifier. The SUM control can be programmed for this stand-by position. In case of failure
a stand-by relay takes over the connection. When starting a sequence via control line, the desired audio
signal gets generated (DMM SIGNAL) and fed to the OUTPUT via the programmable DMM-control. The
controls (DMM, SUM) defined within the sequence determine, whether the two audio signals are merged
or the one gains priority over the other.
The MIC, LINE input is used for recording a message and can also be used for announcement purposes.
The headphones outputs PRE-LISTEN and PRE-OUT are for monitoring the DMM signals without actually
starting a transmission.
Control function
A maximum of 16 floating inputs are provided for integration into a sound reinforcement installation. Their
use and polarity can be freely programmed. A maximum of 16 floating relay contacts are provided to be
used as control outputs. The inputs and outputs are divided into 4 Ports (A, B, C, D,); where Port A also
contains a fault contact.
8
Each of the 4 ports also supplies a power source in order to facilitate the connection of floating contacts.
The ground and earthing conditions are shown in the above diagram. The strict separation of control and
audio signals guarantees the trouble-free installation.
Sequence function
The following example shows in sequence the necessary steps from closing the contact of an external
switch to listening to the audio signal:
A switch is connected to one of the DMM 4650’s control inputs (A1 - D4). The desired input is selected
in the trigger menu. Logic level (high, low), delay, and function (dyn, stc, latch) can be set. The desired
sequence (Sxx) gets chosen here as well.
For this sequence, the actions of the DMM 4650 are programmed step by step. Standard sequences are
provided as factory presets. They can be modified as need arises and stored as user presets.
Example of a sequence: set output (lamp indicator), audio control SUM off, audio control DMM -3 dB, wait
for input release, after release start alarm, delay 10 sec. (alarm duration), end.
This sequence is entered line-by-line with special commands (list page 25) and - including name and
priority - stored as a preset. If an appliance uses unaltered functions on a regular basis, it is also possible
to save these sequences via the RS 232 interface.
9
OPERATING THE DMM 4650
General
All adjustments carried out at the appliance remain in memory even if the appliance is not connected to
a power source (EPROM).
Pressing the EXIT-key lets you step back and forth through the levels of the operation menu tree (page
11). The stand-by mode is entered by pressing the EXIT-key when in the “main menu”.
If no key is pressed within a period longer than 5 minutes, the appliance enters the stand-by mode
automatically (except during recording and restore).
Stand-by
When the DMM 4650 is connected to a power source, the green POWER-LED lights, the display is
dimmed, and the relay outputs are set to their pre-programmed states according to the system’s
configuration. This stand-by status is remained until a control input starts a sequence. The display shows
the sequence’s name and number for the duration of the sequence. After completion of the sequence,
the DMM 4650 re-enters stand-by mode.
The states of the control “outputs”, the audio relay “bypass”, and the “sum level” setting during stand-by
operation are set in the operation menu“System setup” (page 26).
Password
Password-protection prevents the DMM 4650 from unauthorized operation. Three distinct user levels are
available which can be accessed by entering the respective password. As factory defaults, “1111" is
programmed for Level 1 (easy operation), ”2222" for Level 2 and “3333" for Level 3 (installer). Individual
modification for each user is possible. The menu tree diagram (page 11) shows which access is assigned
to the respective user level.
Password entry, operation end
Pressing any key on the DMM 4650’s front panel, “Password ?” appears on the display. Using the cursor
keys you have to enter a 4-digit number and confirm it with the menu key ok. After entering the correct
4-digit password, the display shows the number of your user level. Using the cursor keys you are able to
select the desired menu. The EXIT-key cancels the operation and the appliance is protected against
unauthorized use.
Priority function
With the DMM 4650 provides the opportunity to set priorities from 0 to 99; where 99 represents the highest
priority level. Setting the priority level leads in different results.
The priority of a sequence is defined by its free programmable priority setting (menu “sequence” “priority”).
This determines, whether e.g. a fire alarm sequence cancels a gong control sequence. Not the control
line of an input, but the priority number of the triggered sequence determines its priority. With equal
priorities, the sequence that had been started first remains valid.
The selected user level states the priority for the operation on the appliance. User level 1 = priority no.
33, user level 2 = priority no. 66, and user level 3 = priority no. 99. Modifying the default for lower user
levels is performed within the menu “System setup” “priority’”. The setting of the user priority controls,
whether an operator gets interrupted by an important sequences (sequence priority).
Users are able to modify messages, gongs, and alarms and save them as user presets. Depending on
the actual user level, the programs are automatically provided with the corresponding user priority
numbers (see above). They are maintained for the case that the original preset’s priority is lower. In this
way it is guaranteed that user 1 cannot modify the presets of user 2. In order to allow access for other
users, the priority allocation can be modified downwards (lower priority) by the respective user before
storing a preset
(menu: “message > priority", gong" > “priority”, “alarm" > ”priority")
If recording a message via remote recording, the priority number of the recording sequence is transferred
to the message.
10
Passwort
Hauptmenue
Main-Menue
System-Setup
Helligkeit
Backlight
1
Priorität
Priority
2
Ausgänge
Outputs
3
Summenpegel
Sum-Gain
3
init DMM 4650
init DMM 4650
3
Flash Platz
flash space
1
Sprache
Language
3
Restore
Restore
3
Uhr
Clock
1
Einstellung
1
Durchsage
Announcement
Kontrast
Contrast
1
Kopfhörer
Phones
1
Passwort
Password
1
Bypass
Bypass
3
Abschwächer
Attenuator
3
format Flash
format Flash
3
Software
Software
1
Backup
Backup
2
RS232
RS232
2
Message
Message
1
1
Play/record
edit
1
Titel
title
1
Priorität
priority
1
Play alle
play all
3
freigeben
release
3
Leerblocks
free space
1
Info
info
3
bestätigen
confirm
3
Checksumme
checksum
3
löschen
delete
1
Gong
Gong
1
laden
load
1
Editor
edit
1
Titel
title
1
Priorität
priority
1
sichern
save
1
1 = Easy use = User 1
2 = Normal use = User 1 +2
3 = Special use = User 1 + 2 +3
Alarm
Alarm
1
laden
load
1
Editor
edit
1
Titel
title
1
Priorität
priority
1
sichern
savel
1
Sequenz
Sequence
2
laden
load
2
Priorität
priority
3
Stoppbedingung
stop-trigger
3
Schrittliste
step-list
2
Titel
title
2
sichern
save
3
Auslöser
Trigger
3
Selbsttest
Selftests
3
MESSAGE
General:
Messages are audio signals, stored in the DMM 4650 as information, alarm announcements or other often
used texts. Recording a message can be performed directly at the DMM 4650 or by means of remote
recording. Playback via sum output is achieved by starting a message (Mxx) within a suitable sequence
(see “Trigger”, “Sequence”).
For test purposes the message can be listened to via the Pre-listen outputs using the recorder keys
PLAY/STOP. The functions are similar to a cassette recorder, with the difference that the audio data is
saved digitally in maintenance-free flash memories. Depending on individual needs, different audio
qualities are selectable. The maximum recording time depends on the selected audio quality and the
installed memory (see table, page 14).
A backup of all message audio data is possible through analog recording (cassette deck, DAT recorder)
or as a digital backup on a computer via the remote interface (RS 232).
Message number, Preset
Up to 100 distinct messages (M00 to M99) including title, name, and priority can be saved.
The DMM 4650 is shipped without any pre-recorded messages, since - depending on individual user
requirements and custom applications – variations would be numerous. Some factory preset sequences
use M00, M01, and M02 (see list of preset sequences). Thus, they have to be recorded for incorporating
them in the respective applications. Some text examples are to be found at the end of this manual.
Operation menu “message”
Confirming the menu selection “message” by using the soft key “ok”, the number of the message appears
in the display together with its title and playback time (hours : minutes . seconds). The DMM 4650 is now
in the recording/playback mode and can be operated using the transport-keys as follows:
Note:This mode only allows playback via the PRE-listen/Phone outputs!
Title skip backwards, selects the previous actually recorded message. During playback
the selected message starts playing immediately.
Rewind, skips back one message, during playback fast rewind enables the user to listen
to a specific part several times.
Play/Stop starts or stops the playback of the selected message. Recording is stopped by
pressing the stop key.
Recording, pressing this key once switches the selected message into recording stand-by.
In case a previously recorded message exists, the question “delete?” is displayed and
leaving you the choice to record a new message with “Y=Yes” or cancel the command
with“N=No”. If you choose delete, the record key has to be pressed again after completion
of the procedure. If this message is not supposed to be deleted, you have to select an empty
location. The items “Recording type ”and “Recording level” are explained later. The display
now shows “record Mxx” and “pause” with a bargraph, indicating the current signal level.
Pressing the record key again starts the recording and “play time” replaces “pause”.
Pressing the Stop/Play-key terminates the recording.
Fast forward, skips to the next message, forwarding during playback enables the user to
listen to parts of a longer message.
Title skip forward, selects the next actually recorded message, during playback this next
message is immediately audible.
Using the cursor keys lets you select the previous or next message number.
Soft key “vl” accesses the volume setting dialog for the phone and pre-listen outputs using
the cursor keys.
Soft key “edt” accesses the menu level for title editing, etc. (see following paragraph).
12
Soft key “edt”
Using the “edt” key in playback mode provides the opportunity to edit and manage your message structure.
The keys are used to select the following menu items.
Title
Confirming “Title” with the soft key “ok” the selected message’s current name appears on the display.
Using the cursor keys lets you enter a name which can consist of up to 8 characters. The soft keys “A-a”
are used to toggle between between the upper and the lower letter case while “spc” inserts a blank. After
pressing “EXIT” (one menu level down) the question “store y, n” appears, in order to prevent any
inadvertent alteration of the name.
Priority
Confirming “Priority” with the soft key “ok”, the priority number of the selected message appears on the
display and, by using the cursor keys, providing the user with the possibility to alter the number from 00
up to the his/her priority level. A higher priority prevents unauthorized alteration of this preset by users
with lower priority. After pressing “EXIT” (one menu level down) you have to choose on the appearance
of the question “store y, n”, whether you want to make your changes permanent.
Play all
Confirming “Play all” with the soft key “ok”, the name of the first message gets displayed. Using the
PLAY/STOP-key lets you start or stop the playback of all recorded messages. Mostly, this menu item
serves for transferring all recorded messages onto an analog audio tape deck or DAT recorder via the
phone/pre-listen outputs.
Release
Confirming “Release” with the soft key “ok”, the display shows that the search for lost blocks in the flash
memory (sound memory) has been engaged. Whenever such blocks are found, the memory structure
gets repaired which is also indicated on the display. This menu’s operation is used to release memory
that has been mistakenly reserved.
Free space
Confirming “Free space ” with the soft key “ok”, the number of available flash memory chips and the overall
free sound memory capacity are displayed in %.
Info
Confirming “Info” with the soft key “ok”, shows the audio quality setting and the used space for the
previously selected message.
Confirm
The audio data of a message is constantly monitored. In case an inaccurate data structure (see also
self-surveillance page 29) is detected, the corresponding message is marked with an asterisk (*). Anyway,
if the erroneous data does not affect the audible result of the sound reproduction, “confirming” with the
soft key “ok” omits the marking (*). From now on, the actual data is utilized as test pattern and you are
given the possibility to acknowledge the fault indication (Power-LED blinks) within the menu “self-test”
(page 29).
Check sum
Confirming “Check sum” with the soft key “ok”, the check sum of the previously selected message appears
on the display. In case of fault, this value is used as a reference for erroneous messages.
Delete
Confirming “delete” with the soft key “ok”, shows the question “delete?” on the display. Using the soft keys
“y=yes, n=no” lets you erase the previously selected message.
13
Recording level
An integrated, electronic control automatically adjusts the input sensitivity of the DMM 4650’s (Mic, Line,
Rec. Inp) inputs. This level setting remains unchanged, until the question “Select new recording level?”
is answered by using the soft key “y=yes” before starting a new recording. By using a short test signal
marks the new setting of the control which is automatically stored. Pressing the soft key “ok” exits the
recording level menu.
Adjusting the recording level only becomes necessary when the connected signal source is changed or
major level changes occur.
Remote recording
It is possible to activate a recording via one of the control inputs (ports A .. D). An example given in the
list of factory sequences (S29, S30) on the pages 40-41. The message defined within the sequence is
automatically erased before the new recording starts. The example employs an indication lamp for start
recording (= deleting end) and the maximum recording time is set to 10 seconds.
Adjusting the recording level corresponds to the description in the previous paragraph. The message’s
audio quality setting stays unaltered as well. The priority number of the sequence gets copied to the priority
of the message.
Audio quality, recording duration
Prior to recording a message, “recording type” is shown on the display. The cursor keys are used to alter
the audio cutoff frequency (16 kHz, 8 kHz, 4 kHz) and the signal quality (CD = 16 bit linear, long = 8 bit,
µ-Law). The factory default setting is “8 kHz long” for all messages. The newly set audio quality is
maintained and individual adjustment for each message is possible.
Table for recording time (minutes) versus audio quality and installed sound memory extension (NR 90205).
AccuracyCDlong*
bandwidth4 kHz8 kHz16 kHz 4 kHz8 kHz 16 kHz
without NR 902052 min1min0,5 min4 min2 min1 min
1x NR 902054 min2 min1 min 8 min 4 min2 min
2x NR 902056 min3 min1,5 min12 min6 min3 min
3x NR 902058 min4 min2 min16 min8 min4 min
* The specified times for the"long" recording mode are minimum values since the active data reduction
recognizes pauses in the audio signal. Pauses are defined as passages where the signal level drops -70
dBu below full modulation.
Message memory extension
It is possible to extend the sound memory capacity of the appliance by incorporating up to three additional
plug-in boards (extension kit NR 90205). The corresponding recording times are specified in the table
above. The flash memories have to be formatted after insertion (see menu “system setup” > “format
flash”).
Asterisk (*) behind message duration
An asterisk * behind the message recording time display signals that the corresponding data has been
corupted. The error is shown by the blinking Power-LED. In case you decide that the audio quality is
sufficient, after listening to the recording, you have to enter the menu “confirming” (page 13) to delete the
*-sign. If the result is not tolerable, the only solution is re-recording the message. To omit the blinking
Power-LED you have to acknowledge error no. 14 in the “self-test” menu (page 29).
14
GONG
General:
Gong Presets are audio signals that can be started within a sequence. Order and parameters of a gong
sequence can be edited. For test purposes the sound can be started in the “gong > editor” menu by use
of the PLAY/STOP keys. It is audible via the Pre-Listen outputs.
Gong Presets
20 freely programmable presets (user preset) are available; from G00 - G19. Starting with G20 and going
to G26 factory preset gong sequences are programmed. The corresponding functions are explained in
the table on page 45. Erasing the factory presets is not possible. Creating your own gong sequence is
easiest accomplished by modifying an existing, possibly similar gong (user or factory preset) and storing
it under a new number together with its new title and priority.
Operation menu gong
Confirming the menu selection “gong” with the soft key “ok”, the cursor keys < > allow selecting the
following sub menus.
Load
Confirming “load” with the soft key “ok”, “Gxx ‘Title ‘and the soft keys ”yes, no" appear on the display.
Using the cursor keys the gong number xx is modified while the corresponding name is being displayed.
“y” lets you load the selected gong into memory and modification is performed in the “editor” menu.
Editor
The “editor” menu allows modification of gong sequences, envelopes, repetition amounts and several
other parameters (see parameter listing). Testing the gong’s sound properties is possible by starting the
gong sequence, using the PLAY/STOP key. The audio signal is presented at the pre-listen outputs.
Parameter modifications are audible after performing a restart. Pressing the RECORD key stops the gong.
After pressing the “EXIT” key (previous menu level), the question “store yes, no?” appears on the display.
Acknowledging this question lets you save your new settings in a user preset.
Title
Confirming “Title” with the soft key “ok”, the name of the currently loaded gong sequence appears on the
display. Using the cursor keys you are able to enter a new name that consists of up to 8 characters. The
soft keys “A-a” are used to shift between the upper and the lower character case while “spc” inserts a
blank character. After pressing the “EXIT” key (previous menu level), the question “store yes, no?” appears
on the display. Acknowledging this question lets you save your new settings in a user preset.
Priority
Confirming “Priority” with the soft key “ok”, the priority number of the selected gong preset gets displayed.
Using the cursor keys, the priority number can be set starting from 00 up to the user priority. A higher
priority protects against unauthorized alteration of this preset by users with lower priority level. All factory
presets are provided with a priority of 00, because they cannot be overwritten, anyway. This offers any
user the possibility to use them as prototype sequences.
After pressing the “EXIT” key (one menu level down), the question “store yes, no?” appears on the display.
Acknowledging this question lets you save your new settings in a user preset.
Save
Confirming “save” with the soft key “ok”, the currently selected gong number gets displayed. Using the
cursor keys, the desired gong number can be entered. Storing a preset has to be confirmed with the soft
key “y = yes”. With“save” all modifications in the above mentioned menu items are saved into the selected
user preset. Thus, individually saving the parameters is not necessary, since they remain in memory until
another gong is being loaded.
15
List of available gong parameters
Type four-stroke, three-stroke
bar1:first gong stroke, A highest sound, B, C, to D deepest sound
attack1: attack rate from 00ms (hard) to 99ms (soft)
release1: fading sound from XXL (long, several seconds.), XL, L, M, S, XS, XXS (short, approx. 1sec)
start 2:start delay of the second gong stroke in seconds. (min 00.0s, max 99.9s)
bar2:second gong stroke, A highest sound, B, C, to D deepest sound
attack2:attack rate from 00ms (hard) to 99ms (soft)
release2: fading sound from XXL (long, several seconds.), XL, L, M, S, XS, XXS (short, approx. 1sec)
start 3:start delay between second and third gong stroke in seconds. (min 00.0s, max 99.9s)
bar3:third gong stroke, A highest sound, B, C, to D deepest sound
attack3:attack rate from 00ms (hard) to 99ms (soft)
release3:fading sound from XXL (long, several seconds.), XL, L, M, S, XS, XXS (short, approx. 1sec)
start 4:start delay between third and fourth gong stroke in seconds. (min 00.0s, max 99.9s)
bar4:fourth gong stroke, A highest sound, B, C, to D deepest sound
attack4:attack rate from 00ms (hard) to 99ms (soft)
release4: fading sound from XXL (long, several seconds.), XL, L, M, S, XS, XXS (short, approx. 1sec)
Type two-stroke, one-stroke
bar1:first gong stroke, A highest sound, B, C, to D deepest sound
attack1: attack rate from 00ms (hard) to 99ms (soft)
release1: fading sound from XXL (long, several seconds.), XL, L, M, S, XS, XXS (short, approx. 1sec)
start 2:start delay of the second gong stroke in seconds. (min 00.0s, max 99.9s)
bar2:second gong stroke, A highest sound, B, C, to D deepest sound
attack2:attack rate from 00ms (hard) to 99ms (soft)
release2: fading sound from XXL (long, several seconds.), XL, L, M, S, XS, XXS (short, approx. 1sec)
repetition:number of repetitions of the gong sequence (min 1x, max 9999x), 0000 corresponds to
infinite repetition.
rep-del:time between two gong sequences in seconds (min 00.1s, max 99.9s).
Remarks regarding parameter setting:
Although the above mentioned parameters are extensively variable, the gained results not always
represent a good sound. E. g.: attacks for low frequency bar strokes are acoustically quite different from
the gong A sound.
Since a maximum of 2 gong strokes can be simultaneously processed, starting the third gong too early
will abruptly end the first one and lead to unpleasant sound cut-off knacks. Effects like these resulting
from extreme parameter settings are of physical reason and should be optimized by listening tests, first.
16
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