Ducati hipermotard 2016, hipermotard 938 2016 Owner's Manual

This manual is an integral part of the motorcycle and must remain with it for its entire life.
The manual must accompany the motorcycle if it is sold or transferred to a new owner.
Please store this manual in a safe a place. In case of damage or loss, request a new copy by contacting:

Ducati North America, Inc.
10443 Bandley Drive
Cupertino, California, 95014
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Web site: www.ducatiusa.com

Quality and safety standards of Ducati motorcycles are constantly being updated consequent to the
development of new design solutions, equipment and accessories. Although the manual includes fully
updated information at the time of print, Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A. therefore reserves the right to make
changes without prior notification or without incurring obligations. For this reason, you may note
discrepancies when comparing some illustrations with your motorcycle.

Any and all reproduction or dissemination of the contents in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. All rights
are reserved by Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A. Requests for authorizations shall be made in writing to this
company with specification of the reason.

Owner's manual

US/CANADA

1

We'd like to welcome you among Ducati enthusiasts and congratulate you on your excellent choice of
motorcycle. We imagine you'll be riding your Ducati motorcycle for long trips as well as short daily excursions.
Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A. wishes you smooth and enjoyable riding.

Your motorcycle is the result of constant research and development by Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A., so it's
important that the standard of quality is upheld through careful observance of the scheduled maintenance
chart and the use of original spare parts. In the Owner's Manual you'll find instructions for performing small
maintenance procedures. The most important servicing and maintenance procedures are contained in the
Service Manual available at Authorized Service Centers of Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A..

In your own interest and safety, and in order to guarantee product reliability, we strongly recommend that
you go to an Authorized Dealer or Service Center for any servicing included on the scheduled maintenance
chart, see page 204.

Our highly skilled staff has access to the special tools and equipment needed to perform any servicing
procedure with expertise. They use only Ducati original spare parts as the best guarantee for full
interchangeability, smooth running and long life.

All Ducati motorcycles come with a Warranty Booklet. The Warranty does not extend to motorcycles used
in competitions or competitive trials. Any tampering or even partial modification of the components will result
in automatic invalidation of Warranty rights. Incorrect or insufficient servicing procedures, use of non-original
spare parts or parts not explicitly approved by Ducati may lead to the invalidation of the Warranty, besides
potential damage and reduced performance.

Enjoy your ride!

2

Table of Contents

Introduction 7

Safety guidelines 7
Warning symbols used in the manual 7
Intended use 8
Rider's obligations 8
Reporting of safety defects 10
Rider's training 10
Apparel 12
Safety "Best Practices" 13
Refueling 15
Carrying the maximum load allowed 16
Information about carrying capacity 16
Hazardous products - warnings 17
Vehicle identification number 19
Engine identification number 20
Plate position 21

Noise and exhaust emission control system
information 25
California emission control warranty statement Your
warranty rights and obligations 26
Manufacturer’s warranty coverage 26
Owner's warranty responsibilities: 26
California evaporation emission system 27
Ducati limited warranty on emission control
system 28

Instrument panel (Dashboard) 31

Instrument panel 31
Acronyms and abbreviations used in the
Manual 36
Technological Dictionary 36
Function buttons 38
Main functions 39
Parameter setting and displaying 40
Vehicle speed indicator 42
Engine rpm indicator (RPM) 43
Gear indication 44
Menu 1 functions 46
Odometer 47
Trip meter 1 48
Trip meter 2 49

3

Partial fuel reserve counter 50
Average fuel consumption 51
Instantaneous fuel consumption 52
Average speed 53
Trip time 54
Menu 2 functions 55
Engine coolant temperature 56
External air temperature 58
Clock 59
Set-Up - Riding Mode set indication 60
DTC 61
ABS 66
Service warning (SERVICE) 70
Indication if the LAP function is active/not
active 73
Set-Up function (RIDING MODE) (riding mode
change) 74
Error displaying (ERRORS) 77
Setting menu 83
Customizing the Riding Mode (RIDING
MODE) 85
DTC Set-Up 89
ABS Set-Up 91
ENGINE Set-Up 93
ALL DEFAULT (restoring the default parameters of all
RIDING MODES) 95

DEFAULT (restoring the default parameters of a
single RIDING MODE) 97
Instrument panel back-lighting setting
(B.LIGHT) 99
Lap Timer (LAP): LAP on/off 101
Lap Timer (LAP): LAP recording 103
Lap Timer (LAP): view of stored LAPs 105
Clock setting function (CLOCK) 109
Battery voltage function (BATTERY) 111
Engine rpm digital indication (RPM) 112
Immobilizer code (PIN CODE) 113
Setting the unit of measurement (UNITS) 121
Other functions 130
Light control 132
Immobilizer system 135
Keys 136
Operation 137
Duplicate keys 138
PIN CODE entering function for overriding
purposes 139

Controls 142

Position of motorcycle controls 142
Key-operated ignition switch and steering
lock 143

4

Left-hand switch 144
Clutch lever 145
Right-hand switch 148
Throttle twistgrip 149
Front brake lever 150
Rear brake pedal 151
Gear change pedal 152
Adjusting the gear change pedal and the rear
brake 153

Main components and devices 155

Position on the vehicle 155
Fuel tank plug 156
Seat lock 157
Helmet cable 159
Side stand 161
Adjusting the rear shock absorber 162

Riding the motorcycle 164

Running-in recommendations 164
Pre-ride checks 166
ABS 168
Starting the engine 169
Moving off 171

Braking 172
ABS 172
Stopping the motorcycle 174
Parking 175
Refueling 176
Tool kit and accessories 177

Main use and maintenance
operations 178

Checking coolant level and topping up, if
necessary 178
Check brake fluid level 179
Checking brake pads for wear 181
Charging the battery 182
Checking drive chain tension 186
Lubricating the drive chain 188
Replacing the headlight bulbs 189
Changing the turn indicator bulbs 192
Number plate light 193
Aligning the headlight 194
Adjusting the rear-view mirrors 196
Tubeless tires 197
Check engine oil level 199
Cleaning and replacing the spark plugs 201
Cleaning the motorcycle 202

5

Storing the motorcycle 203
Important notes 203

Scheduled maintenance chart 204

Scheduled maintenance chart: operations to be
carried out by the dealer 204
Scheduled maintenance chart: operations to be
carried out by the customer 207

Specifications 208

Weights 208
Overall dimensions 209
Top-ups 210
Engine 212
Timing system 213
Performance 214
Spark plugs 214
Fuel system 214
Brakes 214
Transmission 215
Frame 216
Wheels 216
Tires 216
Suspensions 216

Exhaust system 217
Available colors 217
Electric system 218

Routine maintenance record 224

Routine maintenance record 224

6

Introduction

Safety guidelines

Your safety and that of others are very important.
Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A. urges you to ride your
motorcycle responsibly.
Before using your motorcycle for the first time,
please read this manual carefully from start to finish
and closely follow the guidelines. This will allow you
to obtain all information regarding a correct use and
maintenance. If you have any doubts or questions,
consult a Dealer or Authorized Service Center.

Warning symbols used in the manual

Different forms of information regarding potential
hazards that may affect you or others have been
used. These include:

- Safety stickers on the motorcycle;

- Safety warnings preceded by a warning symbol
and by one or the two words CAUTION or
IMPORTANT.

Attention

Failure to observe these instructions may lead
to a hazardous situation and cause severe injury to
the rider or others, or even death.

Important

Possibility of damaging the motorcycle and/or
its components.

Note

Additional information regarding the job being
performed.

The terms RIGHT and LEFT are referred to the
motorcycle viewed from the riding position.

7

Intended use

Attention

This motorcycle is designed for on-road use,
may be used occasionally on dirt trail. Usage in
conditions for which it was not designed (e.g. heavy
off-road use) can lead to loss of control of the
motorcycle, increasing the risk of a crash.

Attention

This motorcycle must not be used for towing or
for the addition of a sidecar, since this may cause a
loss or control and consequent accident.

This motorcycle carries the rider and can carry a
passenger.

Attention

The total weight of the motorcycle in running
order with rider, passenger, baggage and additional
accessories must not exceed 895lb/ 406kg.

Rider's obligations

All riders must hold a driver's license.

Attention

Riding without a license is illegal and punishable
by law. Make sure you always have your license on
you when setting out on the motorcycle. Do not allow
inexpert riders or those not in possession of an
authorized driver's license to ride the motorcycle.

Do not ride the motorcycle when under the influence
of alcohol or drugs.

Attention

Riding under the influence of alcohol or drugs is
illegal and punishable by law.

Avoid taking medication before riding the motorcycle
if you have not consulted your doctor about potential
side effects.

Attention

Some medications may induce sleepiness or
other effects that impair reflexes and the ability of the
rider to control the motorcycle, which may lead to
accident.

8

Some countries require mandatory insurance
coverage.

Attention

Check the laws applicable to your country. Take
out an insurance policy and keep the policy in a safe
place along with the other motorcycle documents.

To protect the safety of the rider and/or passenger,
some countries have made it a law to wear a
homologated helmet.

Attention

Check the laws applicable to your country.
Riding without a helmet may be punishable by a fine.

Attention

Failure to be wearing a helmet in case of
accident increases the chance of serious injury and
even death.

Attention

Make sure that the helmet is in compliance with
safety specifications, provides excellent visibility, is
the correct size for the head, and has the DOT
(Department of Transportation) label affixed to the
helmet surface. Laws regulating traffic vary from
country to country. Check the laws in force in your
country before riding the motorcycle and pay strict
adherence to them .

Attention

Tampering with Noise Control System
Prohibited. Federal Law prohibits the following acts
or causing thereof:

1) the removal or rendering inoperative by any

person, other than for purposes of maintenance,
repair, or replacement, of any device or element
of design incorporated into any new vehicle for
the purpose of noise control prior to its sale or
delivery to the ultimate purchaser or while it is in
use; or

2) the use of the vehicle after such device or

element of design has been removed or
rendered inoperative by any person.

9

Among the acts presumed to constitute tampering
are those listed below:

1) Removal of, or puncturing the muffler, baffles,
header pipes or any other component that
conducts exhaust gases.

2) Removal or puncturing of any part of the intake
system.

3) Lack of proper maintenance.

4) Replacing any moving part of the vehicle, or parts
of the exhaust or intake system, with parts other
than those specified by the manufacturer.

This product should be checked for repair or
replacement if the motorcycle noise has increased
significantly through use. Otherwise, the owner may
become subject to penalties under state and local
ordinances.

Reporting of safety defects

If you believe your vehicle has a defect that could
cause a crash or cause injury or death, you should
immediately inform the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA), in addition to
notifying Ducati North America, 10443 Bandley Drive
Cupertino, California, 95014, Tel.: [phone],
Fax: [phone]. If NHTSA receives similar

complaints, it may open an investigation, and if it
finds that a safety defect exists in a group of vehicles,
it may order a recall and remedy campaign. However,
NHTSA cannot become involved in individual
problems between you, your dealer, or Ducati North
America. To contact NHTSA, you may either call the
Auto Safety Hotline toll-free at 1-800-424-9393 (or
366-0123 in Washington, D.C. area) or write to:
NHTSA, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE W43-488,
Washington, D.C. 20590. You can also obtain other
information about motor vehicle safety from the
Hotline.

Rider's training

Accidents are frequently due to inexperience. Riding,
maneuvering and or braking are carried out differently
from other vehicles.

Attention

A rider's lack of preparation or an inappropriate
use of the vehicle may result in a loss of control, death
or serious damage.

Check your knowledge of current "TRAFFIC LAWS";
read carefully and familiarize yourself with the
contents of the M.O.M (Motorcycle Operator

10

Manual) pertinent to your state available at the M.S.F.
(Motorcycle Safety Foundation) (www.msf-usa.org)
website.
You are strongly recommended to take a riding
course approved by the M.S.F. (Motorcycle Safety
Foundation).

11

Apparel

Clothing in the use of the motorcycle plays an
important role in safety, as the motorcycle provides
a person no protection from impact in the same way
as an automobile.

Suitable clothing includes: helmet, eye protection,
gloves, boots, long-sleeved jacket and long pants.

- The helmet must have the requisites as listed on
page 8, if the helmet model has no visor, use
suitable goggles;

- Gloves must have five fingers and be made of
leather or other abrasion-resistant material;

- Boots or shoes used for riding must have non-slip
soles and ankle protection;

- Jacket and pants, or even riding suits, must be
made of leather or abrasion-resistant material
and in a color with inserts that are very visible.

Important

In any case, avoid wearing loose or floppy
clothing that can become stuck in the motorcycle
parts.

Important

For your safety this type of clothing must be

used in both summer and winter.

Important

For the safety of the passenger, make sure that

he or she also wears appropriate clothing.

12

Safety "Best Practices"

Before, during and after use, remember to follow
some simple rules that are extremely important for
safety and for maintaining the motorcycle at top
efficiency.

Important

During the break-in period, carefully observe the
instructions contained in section "Riding the
motorcycle" of this Manual.
Failure to follow these instructions releases Ducati
Motor Holding S.p.A. from any liability whatsoever for
any engine damage or shorter engine life.

Attention

Do not ride the motorcycle unless you are well
familiarized with the controls to be used during the
ride.

Before starting the motorcycle, always perform the
checks detailed in this manual (see page 169).

Attention

Failure to perform checks may cause damage to
the vehicle and serious injury to the rider and/or
passenger.

Attention

Start the engine when outdoors or in a well
ventilated place. Never start the engine in a closed
environment.
Exhaust gases are poisonous and may lead to loss of
consciousness or even death within a short time.
During the ride, assume a correct body position and
make sure the passenger does the same.

Important

The rider should ALWAYS keep both hands on
the handlebar.

Important

Both rider and passenger should keep their feet
on the footpegs when the motorcycle is in motion.

13

Important

The passenger should always hold on to the

grab handles under the seat with both hands.

Important

Be very careful when maneuvering
intersections or when riding in areas near exits from
private grounds, parking lots or access roads to
highways.

Important

Be sure you are clearly visible and do not ride in
the blind spot of the vehicles ahead.

Important

ALWAYS signal your intention to turn or pull
over to the next lane with due warning using the turn
indicators.

Important

Park your motorcycle where no one is likely to
hit it, and use the side stand. Never park on uneven
or soft ground or your motorcycle may fall over.

Important

Visually inspect the tires at regular intervals for
cracks and cuts, especially on sidewalls, bulges or
large spots which are indicative of internal damage.
Replace them if badly damaged.
Remove any stones or other foreign bodies caught in
the tread.

Attention

The engine, exhaust pipes and mufflers stay hot
for a long time after the engine has been turned off.
Be especially careful not to touch the exhaust system
with any part of the body and never park the
motorcycle near flammable materials (wood, leaves,
etc.).

Attention

When you leave the motorcycle unattended,
always remove the ignition key and make sure it is
inaccessible to anyone unsuitable to ride the
motorcycle.

14

Refueling

Refuel the motorcycle in an open area and with the
engine switched off.
Do not smoke or ever use flames during refueling.
Be careful never to drop fuel on the engine or exhaust
pipe.
When refueling, do not fill the tank completely: fuel
should never be touching the rim of filler recess.
When refueling, avoid inhaling fuel vapors and take
care that they do not come in contact with eyes, skin
or clothing.

Attention

The vehicle is compatible only with fuel having
a maximum ethanol content of 10% (E10).
Using fuel with ethanol content over 10% is
prohibited. Using it could result in severe damage of
the engine and motorcycle components. Using fuel
with ethanol content over 10% will render the
Warranty null and void.

Attention

In case of malaise caused by prolonged
inhalation of fuel vapors, stay outdoors and consult a
physician. In case of contact with eyes, rinse eyes
thoroughly with water. In case of contact with skin,
wash the area immediately with soap and water.

Attention

Fuel is highly flammable. If it accidentally spills
onto clothes, change them.

15

Carrying the maximum load allowed

Your motorcycle is designed for long-distance riding
with the maximum load allowed carried in full safety.
Even weight distribution is critical to preserving these
safety features and avoiding difficulties when
performing sudden maneuvers or riding on bumpy
roads.

Attention

The maximum allowed speed with side
panniers and top-case does not have to exceed 112
mph (180 Km/h) and it must be anyway within the
limits set by the law.

Attention

Do not exceed the total permitted weight for the
motorcycle and pay attention to the information
below regarding load capacity.

Information about carrying capacity

Important

Arrange your luggage or heavy accessories in
the lowest possible position and close to motorcycle
center.

Important

Never fix bulky or heavy objects to the steering
head or front mudguard, as this would affect stability
and be dangerous.

Important

Be sure to secure the luggage to the supports
provided on the motorcycle as firmly as possible.
Improperly secured luggage may affect stability.

Important

Do not insert any objects you may need to carry
into the gaps of the frame, as these may interfere
with moving parts.

Attention

Make sure tires are inflated to the correct
pressure and that they are in good condition.

16

Please refer to paragraph "Tires" on page 197.

Hazardous products - warnings

Used engine oil

Attention

Prolonged or repeated contact with used engine
oil may cause skin cancer. If exposed to used engine
oil on a daily basis, make it a rule to wash your hands
thoroughly with soap immediately after use. Keep
away from children.

Brake lining debris

Never attempt to clean the brake assembly using
compressed air or a dry brush.

Brake fluid

Attention

Avoid spilling brake fluid onto plastic, rubber or
painted parts of the motorcycle to avoid the risk of
damage. Protect these parts with a clean shop rag
before servicing the motorcycle. Keep away from
children.

Attention

The brake fluid used in the brake system is
corrosive. In the event of accidental contact with eyes
or skin, wash the affected area with generous
quantities of running water.

Coolant

Engine coolant contains ethylene glycol, which may
ignite under particular conditions, producing invisible
flames. Although the flames from burning ethylene
glycol are not visible, they are still capable of causing
severe burns.

Attention

Take care not to spill engine coolant on the
exhaust system or engine parts.

These parts may be hot and ignite the coolant, which
will subsequently burn with invisible flames. Coolant
(ethylene glycol) is an irritant and is poisonous when
ingested. Keep away from children. Never remove
the radiator cap when the engine is hot. The coolant
will be scalding hot and is under high pressure.

17

The cooling fan operates automatically: keep hands
well clear and make sure your clothing does not get
caught in the fan.

Battery

Attention

The battery gives off explosive gases; keep it
away from any source of ignition such as sparks,
flames and cigarettes. Charge the battery in a well­ventilated area.

18

Vehicle identification number

Note

These numbers identify the motorcycle model
and should always be indicated when ordering spare
parts.

We recommend that you note the frame number
(Fig 1) of your motorcycle in the space below.

Frame number

Fig 1

ZDM 1 Y B J S ? # B 0 0 0 0 0 1
? Varies-can be thru 9 or X (Check digit)

DUCATI

TYPE OF
MOTORCYCLE

MODEL
YEAR

PLANT OF
MANUFACTURE

SEQUENTIAL
NUMBER

{

{

{

Fig 2

19

Engine identification number

Note

These numbers identify the motorcycle model
and should always be indicated when ordering spare
parts.

We recommend that you note the engine number
(Fig 3) of your motorcycle in the space below.

Engine number

Fig 3

Y B J

G 0 0 0 0 0 1

ENGINE
TYPE

MODEL
YEAR

SEQUENTIAL

NUMBER

{

{

Fig 4

20

Plate position

1

2

3

5

4

Fig 5

21

5

1

3

2

4

=

=

XXXXX mm

A

Fig 6

22

(only Canada)

6 87

Fig 7

23

6

8 (Only Canada)7

Fig 8

24

Noise and exhaust emission control
system information

Source of Emissions

The combustion process produces carbon monoxide
and hydrocarbons. Control of hydrocarbons is very
important because under certain conditions, they
react to form photochemical smog when subjected
to sunlight.
Carbon monoxide does not react in the same way,
but is toxic. Ducati utilizes lean carburetor settings
and other systems to reduce carbon monoxide and
hydrocarbons.

Exhaust Emission Control System

Exhaust Emission Control System is controlled by an
Electronic Control Unit (ECU), and no adjustments
should be made except idle speed adjustments with
the throttle stop screw. The Exhaust Emission
Control System is separate from the crankcase
emission control system.

Crankcase Emission Control System

The engine is equipped with a closed crankcase
system to prevent discharging crankcase emissions
into the atmosphere. Blow-by gas is returned to the

combustion chamber through the air cleaner and the
throttle body.

Evaporative Emission Control System

The motorcycles are equipped with an evaporative
emission control system which consists of a charcoal
canister and associated piping. This system prevents
the escape of fuel vapors from the engine and fuel
tank.

Problems that may affect motorcycle
emissions

If you are aware of any of the following symptoms,
have the vehicle inspected and repaired by your local
Ducati dealer.
Symptoms:
Hard starting or stalling after starting.
Rough idle.
Misfiring or backfiring during acceleration.
After-burning (backfiring).
Poor performance (driveability) and poor economy.

California emission control warranty
statement Your warranty rights and
obligations

25

The California Air Resources Board is pleased to
explain the emission control system warranty on your
MY 2016 motorcycle. In California, new motor
vehicles must be designated, built and equipped to
meet the State's stringent anti-smog standards.
Ducati North America, Inc. must warrant the
emission control system on your motorcycle for the
periods of time listed below provided there has been
no abuse, neglect or improper maintenance of your
motorcycle.
Your emission control system may include parts such
as fuel-injection system, the ignition system, catalytic
converter, and engine computer. Also included may
be hoses, belts, connectors and other emission­related assemblies. Where a warrantable condition
exists, Ducati North America, Inc. will repair your
motorcycle at no cost to you including diagnosis,
parts and labor.

Manufacturer’s warranty coverage

Manufacturer’s warranty coverage

- 5 years or 18641 miles (30,000 kilometers),

whichever first occurs.

Owner's warranty responsibilities:

- As the motorcycle owner, you are responsible for
the performance of the required maintenance
listed in your owner's manual. Ducati North
America, Inc. recommends that you retain all
receipts covering maintenance on your
motorcycle, but Ducati North America, Inc.
cannot deny warranty solely for the lack of
receipts or for your failure to ensure the
performance of all scheduled maintenance.

- You are responsible for presenting your
motorcycle to a Ducati dealer as soon as a
problem exists. The warranty repairs should be
completed in a reasonable amount of time, not
to exceed 30 days.

- As the motorcycle owner, you should also be
aware that Ducati North America, Inc. may deny
you warranty coverage if your motorcycle or a
part has failed due to abuse, neglect, improper
maintenance or unapproved modifications.

If you have any questions regarding your warranty
rights and responsibilities, you should contact Ducati
North America, Inc. at 001.408.253.0499 or the
California Air Resource Board at 9528 Telstar Avenue,
El Monte, CA 91731.

26

California evaporation emission system

This system consists of (Fig 9).

Attention

In the event of a fuel system malfunction,

contact a Ducati Authorized Service Center.

Fig 9

27

Ducati limited warranty on emission
control system

Ducati North America, Inc., 10443 Bandley Drive
Cupertino, California, 95014 warrants that each new
1998 and later Ducati motorcycle, that includes as
standard equipment a headlight, tail-light and
stoplight, and is street legal:

A) is designed, built and equipped so as to conform
at the time of initial retail purchase with all applicable
regulations of the United States Environmental
Protection Agency, and the California Air Resources
Board; and
B) is free from defects in material and workmanship
which cause such motorcycle to fail to conform with
applicable regulations of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency or the California Air
Resources Board for a period of use of 18,641 miles
(30,000 kilometers) or 5 (five) years from the date of
initial retail delivery, whichever first occurs.

I. Coverage
Warranty defects shall be remedied during
customary business hours at any authorized Ducati
motorcycle dealer located within the United States of
America in compliance with the Clean Air Act and

applicable regulations of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency and the California

Air Resources Board. Any part or parts replaced under
this warranty shall become the property of Ducati. In
the state of California only, emissions related
warranted parts are specifically defined by that
state’s Emissions Warranty Parts List. These
warranted parts are: carburetor and internal parts;
intake manifold; fuel tank, fuel injection system; spark
advance mechanism; crankcase breather; air cutoff
valves; fuel tank cap for evaporative emission
controlled vehicles; oil filler cap; pressure control
valve; fuel/vapor separator; canister; igniters; breaker
governors; ignition coils; ignition wires; ignition
points, condensers, and spark plugs if failure occurs
prior to the first scheduled replacement, and hoses,
clamps, fittings and tubing used directly in these
parts. Since emission related parts may vary from
model to model, certain models may not contain all
of these parts and certain models may contain
functionally equivalent parts. In the state of California
only, Emission Control System emergency repairs, as
provided for in the California Administrative Code,
may be performed by other than an authorized Ducati
dealer. An emergency situation occurs when an

28