Delta DNQ12 User Manual

FEATURES

 High efficiency:

93% @ 12Vin, 3.3V/25A out

 Small size and low profile:

31.8x50.8x8.50mm (1.25”x2.00”x0.34”)

 Fixed frequency operation

 Output voltage programmable from

0.8Vdc to 5.5Vdc via external resistor

 Remote ON/OFF & Remote sense

 No minimum load required

 Low output ripple and noise

 Output voltage sequencing

 Input UVLO, OTP, OCP (non-latching)

Output OVP (Latching)

 ISO 9001, TL 9000, ISO 14001, QS 9000,

OHSAS 18001 certified manufacturing facility

 UL/cUL 60950-1 (US & Canada), and TUV

(EN60950-1) - pending

Delphi Series DNQ12, Non-Isolated, Point of Load

DC/DC Power Modules: 10-14Vin, 0.8V-5.5V/25A out

The Delphi series DNQ12S, 10V~14V input, single output, non-isolated

point of load DC/DC converters are the latest offering from a world leader

in power systems technology and manufacturing — Delta Electronics, Inc.

The DNQ12S series provides a programmable output voltage from 0.8V to

5.5V using an external resistor. This product family is available in a surface

mounted or SIP package and provides up to 25A of output current. With

creative design technology and optimization of component placement,

these converters possess outstanding electrical and thermal performance

and extremely high reliability under highly stressful operating conditions.

OPTIONS

 Negative On/Off logic

APPLICATIONS

 Telecom/DataCom

 Distributed power architectures

 Servers and workstations

 LAN/WAN applications

 Data processing applications

PRELIMINARY DATASHEET
DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

TA = 25°C, airflow rate = 300 LFM, V

PARAMETER NOTES and CONDITIONS DNQ12S0A0R25 (Standard)

Min. Typ. Max. Units

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Input Voltage (Continuous) -0.3 14 Vdc
Operating Temperature Refer to figure 24 for measuring point -40 125 °C
Storage Temperature -55 125 °C

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

Operating Input Voltage 10.0 12.0 14.0 Vdc
Maximum Input Current Vin=10.0 to 14.0, Vo,set=5Vdc, Io=Io,max 14 Adc
Inrush Transient 1 A2s

Input Reflected Ripple Current (5Hz to 20MHz)

Input Ripple Rejection (120Hz) 50 dB
Recommended Input Fuse See Safety Considerations section 30 A

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS

Output Voltage Set-point Vin=Vin,min, Io=Io,max, TA =25°C -1.2 +1.2
Output Voltage Adjustable Range Selected by an external resistor 0.7887 5.5 Vdc
Output Voltage Regulation

Over Line Vin=Vin,min to Vin,max 0.01 0.1 % Vo,set
Over Load Io=Io,min to Io,max 0.1 0.25 % Vo,set
Over Temperature

Total Output Voltage Range

Output Voltage Ripple and Noise

RMS (5Hz to 20MHz bandwidth) Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,min to Io,max 5
Peak-to-Peak (5Hz to 20MHz bandwidth) Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,min to Io,max 15 50 mVp-p

External Capacitance

Output Current 0 25 Adc
Output Current Limit Inception (Hiccup Mode) 150 200 % Io
Output Short-Circuit Current (Hiccup Mode)

Dynamic Load Response

Positive Step Change in Output Current Load change from 50% to 100% of Io,max 150 mV
Negative Step Change in Output Current Load change from 100% to 50% of Io,max 150 mV

Settling Time (Vo<10%peak deviation) 25 µs

EFFICIENCY

Vo,set =0.8V
Vo,set =1.2V Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,max, TA =25°C 84.7 %
Vo,set =1.5V Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,max, TA =25°C 87.3 %
Vo,set =1.8V Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,max, TA =25°C 88.9 %
Vo,set =2.0V Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,max, TA =25°C 89.7 %
Vo,set =2.5V Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,max, TA =25°C 91.4 %
Vo,set =3.3V Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,max, TA =25°C 93.1 %
Vo,set =5.0V Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,max, TA =25°C 95.1 %

FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS

Switching Frequency 500 kHz
SEQ/ENA Signal Interface

Logic High (SEQ/ENA pin open - Module Off)

SEQ/ENA Voltage Vin=Vin,min to Vin,max 3.5 14 V
SEQ/ENA Current Vin=Vin,min to Vin,max 0.5 2.33 mA

Logic Low (Module ON)

SEQ/ENA Voltage Vin=Vin,min to Vin,max 1.2 V
SEQ/ENA Current Vin=Vin,min to Vin,max 200 µA

Turn-On Transient Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,max

Turn-On delay Time, From remote On/Off From V
Turn-On delay Time, From Input From Vin= Vin,min to Vo=10% of Vo,set 1 ms

Turn-On rise Time Time for Vo to rise from 10% to 90% of Vo,set 5 ms
Output Voltage Overshoot - Startup
Output Overvoltage Protection (Latching) 5.7 6.0 6.3 V
Input Undervoltage Lockout

Turn-on Threshold 9.9 V

Turn-off Threshold 8.1 V
Remote Sense Range 0.5 V

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

MTBF
Weight 20 Grams
Over-Temperature Shutdown Refer to Figure 24 for the measuring point 130 °C

= 10Vdc and 14Vdc, and nominal Vout unless otherwise noted.

in

1µH source impedance; Vin,min to Vin,max, Io=Io,max ;
See Test configuration section

= T

to T

T

A

A, min

Over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and
temperature conditions until end of life

Cout=10µF tantalum//1µF ceramic capacitors

ESR ≧1mΩ
ESR ≧10mΩ at Vo,set=5Vdc
ESR ≧10mΩ at Vo,set below 3.3Vdc

Vo ≦ 250mV
dIo/dt=5A/µs, Vin=Vin,typ, TA =25°C,
Cout=10µF tantalum//1µF ceramic capacitors

Vin=Vin,typ, Io=Io,max, TA =25°C 79.0 %

SEQ/ENA

Io=80% of Io,max, Vin=12Vdc, TA =25℃

Io=80%Io, max, Ta=25℃

A, max

-3.0 +3.0 % Vo,set

=1.2V to Vo=10% of Vo,set 1 ms

60 mAp-p

% Vo,set

0.5 1.6 % Vo,set

15

1000 µF
5,000 µF
10,000 µF

1 Adc

0.1 0.5 % Vo,set

3.03 MHours

mVrms

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

2

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES

86

85

84

(%)

η

83

82

81

80

EFFICIENCY,

79

78

0 5 10 15 20 25

OUPUT CURRENT, Io (A)

10.8V

12.0V

13.2V

(%)

η

EFFICIENCY,

89

88

87

86

85

84

83

82

81

0 5 10 15 20 25

OUPUT CURRENT, Io (A)

10.8V

12.0V

13.2V

Figure 1: Converter efficiency vs. output current

(1.2V output voltage)

91

90

89

(%)

η

88

87

86

85

EFFICIENCY,

84

83

0 5 10 15 20 25

OUPUT CURRENT, Io (A)

Figure 3: Converter efficiency vs. output current

(1.8V output voltage)

94

93

92

(%)

η

91

90

89

88

EFFICIENCY,

87

86

0 5 10 15 20 25

OUPUT CURRENT, Io (A)

10.8V

12.0V

13.2V

10.8V

12.0V

13.2V

Figure 2: Converter efficiency vs. output current

(1.5V output voltage)

93

92

91

(%)

η

90

89

88

87

EFFICIENCY,

86

85

0 5 10 15 20 25

OUPUT CURRENT, Io (A)

Figure 4: Converter efficiency vs. output current

(2.5V output voltage)

96

95

(%)

94

η

93

92

91

EFFICIENCY,

90

89

0 5 10 15 20 25

OUPUT CURRENT, Io (A)

10.8V

12.0V

13.2V

10.8V

12.0V

13.2V

Figure 5: Converter efficiency vs. output current

(3.3V output voltage)

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

Figure 6: Converter efficiency vs. output current

(5.0V output voltage)

3

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES

(Vo)

Output Voltage

Figure 7: Output ripple & noise at 12Vin, 3.3V/25A out

(Cout = 1μF ceramic // 10μF tantalum)

(Vo)

Output Voltage

(Io)

Output Current

(Vo)

Output Voltage

Figure 8: Output ripple & noise at 12Vin, 1.2V/25A out

(Cout = 1μF ceramic // 10μF tantalum)

(Vo)

Output Voltage

(Io)

Output Current

Figure 9: Typical transient response to step load change at

5A/μS from 100% to 50% of Io, max at 12Vin,

3.3V out (Cout = 1μF ceramic // 10μF tantalum)

(Vin)

Input Voltage

(Vo)

Output Voltage

Figure 11: Typical start-up at 12vin, 3.3V/25A out

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

Figure 10: Typical transient response to step load change at

5A/μS from 50% to 100% of Io, max at 12Vin,

3.3V out (Cout = 1μF ceramic // 10μF tantalum)

On/Off Voltage

(Vo)

Output Voltage

Figure 12: Typical start-up at Remote On/Off, 3.3V/25A out

4

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES

(Vo)

Module #2

(Vo)

Module #1

Figure 13: Synchronized start-up of output voltage when

SEQ/ENA pins are tied together (Module #1 =

1.5Vdc, Module #2 = 3.3Vdc).

(Vo)

Module #2

(Vo)

Module #1

Figure 14: Synchronized shutdown of output voltage when

SEQ/ENA pins are tied together (Module #1 =

1.5Vdc, Module #2 = 3.3Vdc).

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

5

TEST CONFIGURATIONS

TO OSCILLOSCOPE

Ls

Vin(+)

BATTERY

1µH

Cin

Min

150µF

GND

Note: Input reflected ripple current is measured with a

simulated source inductance (Ls) of 1μH. Current
is measured at the input of the module.

Figure 15: Input reflected ripple current test setup

COPPER STRIP

Vo

1µF

ceramic

SCOPE

GND

10µF

tantalum

Note: Use a 10μF tantalum and 1μF capacitor. Scope

measurement should be taken by using a BNC
connector.

Figure 16: output ripple and noise, start-up transient test setup

Vin Vo

Iin

SUPPLY

GND

CONTACT RESISTANCE

Figure 17: Output voltage and efficiency test setup

Note: All measurements are taken at the module

terminals. When the module is not soldered (via
socket), place Kelvin connections at module
terminals to avoid measurement errors due to
contact resistance.

×

=

η

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

IoVo

×

IiVi

Resistive
Load

CONTACT AND

DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

Io

LOAD

%100)( ×

TYPICAL APPLICA TION CIRCUIT

Rtrim

1

1uF

Vin

Rx

Cin

4.99k

Dx

Qx

Figure 18: Application Schematic

2
3

12
13

14

SENSE+

SENSE ­VIN
VIN

ENA

SHARE

SHARE

GND

VOUT
VOUT

GND
GND

VOUT
VOUT

GND

11
10

9
8

7
6

5
4

Vout

Cout

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Input Source Impedance

The power module should be connected to a low
ac-impedance input source. Highly inductive source
impedance can affect the stability of the module. The
input capacitor Cin should be placed close to the module
input pins and in equal from the two input pins of the
module. To filter ripple current and ensure module
stability in the presence of inductive source impedance,
Cin is recommended to be 150µF minimum and with an
adequate RMS Current Rating to sustain ripple voltage
of 50mV RMS at 1MHz.

When using multiple modules in parallel, a small
inductor (0.2 – 0.5µH) is recommended at the input of
each module to prevent interaction between modules.
Consult Delta for more technical support.

Safety Considerations

For safety-agency approval the power module must be
installed in compliance with the spacing and separation
requirements of the end-use safety agency standards.

For the converter output to be considered meeting the
requirements of safety extra-low voltage (SELV), the
input must meet SELV requirements. The power module
has extra-low voltage (ELV) outputs when all inputs are
ELV.

The input to these units is to be provided with a
maximum of 30A fast-acting fuse in the ungrounded
lead.

6

FEATURES DESCRIPTIONS

Remote On/Off

The DNQ series power modules have a SEQ/ENA pin
for remote On/Off operation in which positive and
negative On/Off logic options are available.

For positive logic module, connect an open collector
(NPN) transistor or open drain (N channel) MOSFET
between the On/Off pin and the GND pin (see figure 19).
Positive logic On/Off signal turns the module ON during
the logic high and turns the module OFF during the logic
low. If the positive On/Off function is not used, leave the
pin floating or tie to Vin (module will be On).

For negative logic module, the SEQ/ENA pin is pulled
high with an external pull-up resistor Rx (see figure 20),
which should be chosen to maintain 3.5V minimum on
the SEQ/ENA pin to insure that the unit is OFF. (typically
Rx=4.99kΩ ±5%) Negative logic On/Off signal turns the

module OFF during logic high and turns the module ON
during logic low. If the negative On/Off function is not
used, leave the pin floating or tie to GND. (module will
be On) Note that the external diode Dx is required to
make sure the internal protection circuits are not
disabled when transistor Qx is turned ON.

Vo

Vin

I

ON/OFF

SEQ/ENA

Qx

Figure 19: Positive remote On/Off implementation

GND

Vo

Vin

Rx

I

ON/OFF

SEQ/ENA

Dx

Qx

Figure 20: Negative remote On/Off implementation

GND

RL

RL

FEATURES DESCRIPTIONS

Output Voltage Sequencing

The SEQ/ENA pin can also be used to synchronize the
output voltage start-up and shutdown of multiple
modules in parallel. By connecting SEQ/ENA pins of
multiple modules, the output start-up can be
synchronized (see figure 13 and 14). When SEQ/ENA
pins are connected together, all modules will shutdown if
any one of the modules gets disabled due to
undervoltage lockout or over-temperature protection.

Remote Sense

The DNQ provides Vo remote sensing to achieve proper
regulation at the load point and reduce effect of
distribution loss on output line. The module shall correct
for a total of 0.5V of loss. If not using the remote sense
feature to regulate the output voltage at the point of load,
connect Sense (+) to Vo and Sense (-) to ground.

Sense(+)

Sense(-)

GND

Vo

CONTACT AND

DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

Io

Vin

Iin

SUPPLY

CONTACT RESISTANCE

Figure 21: Effective circuit configuration for remote sense

Over-Current Protection

To provide protection in an output over-load fault
condition, the unit is equipped with internal over-current
protection. When the overcurrent protection is triggered,
the unit enters hiccup mode. The units operate normally
once the fault condition is removed. The average output
current during hiccup is 10% Io,max.

Input Undervoltage Lockout

When input voltage falls below the input undervoltage
lockout turn-off threshold, module operation will be
disabled. The module will begin to operate once input
voltage rises above the undervoltage lockout turn-on
threshold.

LOAD

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

7

FEATURES DESCRIPTIONS (CON.)

=

Over-Temperature Protection

The overtemperature protection consists of circuitry that
provides protection from thermal damage. If the
temperature exceeds the overtemperature threshold,
the module will shut down. The module will try to restart
after shutdown. If the overtemperature condition still
exists during restart, the module will shut down again.
This restart trial will continue until the temperature is
within specification

Output Voltage Programming

The output voltage of the DNQ can be programmed to
any voltage from 0.8Vdc to 5.5Vdc by connecting one
resistor (shown as Rtrim in Figure 22) in the Sense(+) pin
of the module. Without this external resistor (Sense(+) pin
is shorted to Vo), the output voltage of the module is

0.7887Vdc. With Sense(+) not connected to Vo, the
output of the module will reach overvoltage shutdown. A
1µF multilayer ceramic capacitor is required from Rtrim to
Sense(-) pin to minimize noise. To calculate the value of
the resistor Rtrim for a particular output voltage Vo,
please use the following equation:

Rtrim =× −

Where Rtrim is the external resistor in Ω and Vo is the
desired output voltage.

Vin

Sense(+)

SEQ/

ENA

Sense(-)

775 ( 1)

Vo

Share

Vo

0.7887

Rtrim

1µF

LOAD

For example, to program the output voltage of the DNQ
module to 3.3Vdc, Rtrim is calculated as follows:

3.3

×−

Rtrim

775 ( 1)

0.7887

Rtrim = 2468 Ω

Table 1 provides Rtrim values required for some common
output voltages. By using 0.1% thick metal film resistor,
the output voltage tolerance in the electrical specification
can be achieved over all operating input voltage, resistive
load and temperature conditions.

Table 1

VO,set (V) Rtrim (Ω)

0.8 11

1.0 208

1.2 404

1.5 699

1.8 994

2.0 1190

2.5 1682

3.3 2468

5.0 4138

Overvoltage Shutdown Open

The amount of power delivered by the module is the
voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output
current. When using the trim feature, the output voltage
of the module can be increased, which at the same
output current would increase the power output of the
module. Care should be taken to ensure that the
maximum output power of the module must not exceed
the maximum rated power (

Vo.set x Io.max ≤ P max).

GND

Figure 22: Circuit configuration for programming output voltage

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

8

A

Y

THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS

Thermal management is an important part of the system
design. To ensure proper, reliable operation, sufficient
cooling of the power module is needed over the entire
temperature range of the module. Convection cooling is
usually the dominant mode of heat transfer.

Hence, the choice of equipment to characterize the
thermal performance of the power module is a wind
tunnel.

Thermal Testing Setup

Delta’s DC/DC power modules are characterized in
heated vertical wind tunnels that simulate the thermal
environments encountered in most electronics equipment.
This type of equipment commonly uses vertically mounted
circuit cards in cabinet racks in which the power modules
are mounted.

The following figure shows the wind tunnel
characterization setup. The power module is mounted on
a test PWB and is vertically positioned within the wind
tunnel. The height of this fan duct is constantly kept at

25.4mm (1’’).

Thermal Derating

Heat can be removed by increasing airflow over the
module. To enhance system reliability, the power module
should always be operated below the maximum operating
temperature. If the temperature exceeds the maximum
module temperature, reliability of the unit may be
affected.

FACI NG PWB

PWB

MODULE

THERMAL CURVES

Figure 24: Temperature measurement location

* The allowed maximum hot spot temperature is defined at 125

DNQ12S0A0R25(standard) Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity

Output Current (A)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

25 35 45 55 65 75 85

Figure 25: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air

DNQ12S0A0R25(standard) Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity

Output Current (A)

30

@ Vin =12V, Vout =5V (Either Orientation)

Natural

Convection

100LFM

200LFM

300LFM

400LFM

500LFM

600LFM

Ambient Temperature (℃)

velocity@ Vin=12V, Vout=5V(Either Orientation)

@ Vin =12V, Vout =3.3V (Either O rientation)

℃

.

25

AIR VELOCIT
AND AMBIENT

TEMPERATURE

MEASURED BELOW

THE MODULE

IR FLOW

Note: Wind Tunn e l Te s t S e tu p F igu r e D im e n sio n s are in millimeters and (Inches)

50.8 (2.0”)

12.7 (0.5”)

20

15

10

5

0

25 35 45 55 65 75 85

Natural

Convection

100LFM

200LFM

300LFM

400LFM

500LFM

Ambient Temperature (℃)

Figure 23: Wind tunnel test setup

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

Figure 26: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air

velocity @ 12V, Vout=3.3V(Either Orientation)

9

THERMAL CURVES

DNQ12S0A0R25(standard) Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity

Output Current (A)

30

25

20

15

@ Vin =12V, Vout =2.5V (Either O rientation)

Natural

Convection

10

5

0

25 35 45 55 65 75 85

100LFM

200LFM

300LFM

400LFM

Ambient Temperature (℃)

Figure 27: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air

velocity @ Vin=12V, Vout=2.5V(Either Orientation)

DNQ12S0A0R25(standard) Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity

Output Current (A)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

25 35 45 55 65 75 85

@ Vin =12V, Vout =1.8V (Either O rientation)

Natural

Convection

200LFM

600LFM100LFM

Ambient Temperature (℃)

Figure 28: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air

velocity @Vin=12V, Vout=1.8V(Either Orientation)

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

10

MECHANICAL DRAWING

SMD PACKAGE SIP PACKAGE

DS_DNQ12SIP25_07172008

11

PART NUMBERING SYSTEM

DNQ 12 S 0A0 R 25

Product

Series

DNQ - 25A 12 - 10V ~ 14V S - Single 0A0 -

Input Voltage

Numbers

of Outputs

Output

Voltage

Programmable

Package

Type

R - SIP 25 -25A N - negative

Output

Current

N

On/Off

logic

(Default)

P - positive

F A

Option Code

F- RoHS 6/6

(Lead Free)

MODEL LIST

Model Name Package Input Voltage Output Voltage Output Current

DNQ12S0A0R25NFA SIP 10V ~ 14Vdc 0.8V ~ 5.5Vdc 25A 93 %

12Vin, 3.3Vout @ full load

Efficiency

A - Standard function

CONTACT: www.delta.com.tw/dcdc

USA:

Telephone:
East Coast: [phone]
West Coast: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

Europe:

Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

Asia & the rest of world:

Telephone: [phone] ext 6220
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

WARRANTY

Delta offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our web site or is available upon
request from Delta.

Information furnished by Delta is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Delta
for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties, which may result from its use. No license
is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Delta. Delta reserves the right to revise these
specifications at any time, without notice

.

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12