Dell PRECISION M50 User Manual

Dell Precision™ Mobile Workstation M50

System Information Guide

Guide d'information sur le système

Guia de Informações do Sistema

Guía de información del sistema

Model PP01X

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Dell Precision™ Mobile Workstation M50

System Information Guide

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Notes, Notices, and Cautions

NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer. NOTICE: A NOTICE indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you

how to avoid the problem.

CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury,

or death.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

For a complete list of abbreviations and acronyms, see the User’s Guide (depending on your operating system, double-click the User’s Guide icon on your desktop or click the Start button, click Help and Support, click User and system guides, and click User Guide).

____________________

Reproduction in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of Dell Computer Corporation is strictly forbidden.

Trademarks used in this text: Dell, the DELL logo, Dell Precision, TrueMobile, and AccessDirect are trademarks of Dell Computer Corporation; Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this document to refer to either the entities claiming the marks and names or their products. Dell Computer Corporation disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own.

March 2002 P/N 9P897 Rev. A00

Safety and EMC Instructions: Mobile Workstation Computers

Caution: Safety Instructions EMC Instructions When Using Your Computer Ergonomic Computing Habits Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

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Finding Information and Assistance

Setting Up Your Computer

About Your Computer

Front View Left Side View

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Right Side View Back View Bottom View

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Removing a Battery

Installing a Battery

Running the Dell Diagnostics

Regulatory Notices

FCC Notices (U.S. Only)

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Modem Regulatory Information NOM Information (Mexico Only) Battery Disposal

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Contents 3

Limited Warranties and Return Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

One-Year Limited Warranty (U.S. Only) Two-Year Limited Warranty (U.S. Only) Three-Year Limited Warranty (U.S. Only) One-Year Limited Warranty (Canada Only) Two-Year Limited Warranty (Canada Only) Three-Year Limited Warranty (Canada Only) “Total Satisfaction” Return Policy (U.S. Only)

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One-Year End-User Manufacturer Guarantee (Latin America and the Caribbean Only)

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4 Contents

Safety and EMC Instructions: Mobile Workstation Computers

The following information defines the meaning of additional symbols used only in the Safety and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Instructions.

Risk of explosion Aircraft

Risk of fire Use of this feature may be prohibited

on aircraft

Risk of electric shock

Caution: Safety Instructions

General

• Do not attempt to service the computer yourself unless you are an authorized service technician. Always follow installation instructions closely.

• If you use an extension power cable with your AC adapter, ensure that the total ampere rating of the products plugged in to the extension power cable does not exceed the ampere rating of the extension cable.

• Do not push objects into air vents or openings of your computer. Doing so can cause fire or electric shock by shorting out interior components.

• Place the AC adapter in a ventilated area, such as a desk top or on the floor, when you use it to run the computer or to charge the battery. Do not cover the AC adapter with papers or other items that will reduce cooling; also, do not use the AC adapter inside a carrying case.

System Information Guide 5

• The AC adapter may become hot during normal operation of your computer. Use care when handling the adapter during or immediately after operation.

• Do not allow your mobile workstation computer to operate with the base resting directly on exposed skin for extended periods of time. The surface temperature of the base will rise during normal operation (particularly when AC power is present). Allowing sustained contact with exposed skin can cause discomfort or, eventually, a burn.

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• Do not use your computer in a wet environment, for example, near a bathtub, sink, or swimming pool or in a wet basement.

• If your computer includes an integrated or optional (PC Card) modem, disconnect the modem cable if an electrical storm is approaching to avoid the remote risk of electric shock from lightning via the telephone line.

• To help avoid the potential hazard of electric shock, do not connect or disconnect any cables or perform maintenance or reconfiguration of this product during an electrical storm. Do not use your computer during an electrical storm unless all cables have been disconnected and the computer is operating on battery power.

• If your computer includes a modem, the cable used with the modem should be manufactured with a minimum wire size of 26 American wire gauge (AWG) and an FCC-compliant RJ-11 modular plug.

• PC Cards may become very warm during normal operation. Use care when removing PC Cards after their continuous operation.

• Before you clean your computer, remove power. Clean your computer with a soft cloth dampened with water. Do not use liquid or aerosol cleaners, which may contain flammable substances.

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Caution: Power (Safety Instructions, continued)

• Use only the Dell-provided AC adapter approved for use with this computer. Use of another AC adapter may cause a fire or explosion.

• Before you connect the computer to an electrical outlet, check the AC adapter voltage rating to ensure that the required voltage and frequency match the available power source.

• To remove power from the computer, turn it off, remove the battery pack, and disconnect the AC adapter from the electrical outlet.

• To help prevent electric shock, plug the AC adapter and peripheral power cables into properly grounded power sources. These power cables may be equipped with three-prong plugs to provide an earth grounding connection. Do not use adapter plugs or remove the grounding prong from the power cable plug. If you use a power extension cable, use the appropriate type, twoprong or three-prong, to mate with the AC adapter power cable.

• Be sure that nothing rests on your AC adapter’s power cable and that the cable is not located where it can be tripped over or stepped on.

• If you are using a multiple-outlet power strip, use caution when plugging the AC adapter’s power cable into the power strip. Some power strips may allow you to insert the plug incorrectly. Incorrect insertion of the power plug could result in permanent damage to your computer, as well as risk of electric shock and/or fire. Ensure that the ground prong of the power plug is inserted into the mating ground contact of the power strip.

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Caution: Battery (Safety Instructions, continued)

• Use only Dell battery modules that are approved for use with this computer. Use of other types may increase the risk of fire or explosion.

• Do not carry a battery pack in your pocket, purse, or other container where metal objects (such as car keys or paper clips) could short-circuit the battery terminals. The resulting excessive current flow can cause extremely high temperatures and may result in damage to the battery pack or cause fire or burns.

• The battery poses a burn hazard if you handle it improperly. Do not disassemble it. Handle a damaged or leaking battery pack with extreme care. If the battery is damaged, electrolyte may leak from the cells and may cause personal injury.

• Keep the battery away from children.

• Do not store or leave your computer or battery pack near a heat source such as a radiator, fireplace, stove, electric heater, or other heat-generating appliance or otherwise expose it to temperatures in excess of 60ºC (140ºF). When heated to excessive temperatures, battery cells could explode or vent, posing a risk of fire.

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• Do not dispose of your computer’s battery in a fire or with normal household waste. Battery cells may explode. Discard a used battery according to the manufacturer’s instructions or contact your local waste disposal agency for disposal instructions. Dispose of a spent or damaged battery promptly.

Caution: Air Travel (Safety Instructions, continued)

• Certain Federal Aviation Administration regulations and/or airline-specific restrictions may apply to the operation of your Dell™ computer while you are on board an aircraft. For example, such regulations/restrictions may prohibit the use of any personal electronic device (PED) that has the capacity for intentional transmission of radio frequency or other electromagnetic signals while on an aircraft.

– In order to best comply with all such restrictions, if your

Dell mobile workstation computer is equipped with Dell TrueMobile™ or some other wireless communication device, please disable this device before you board the aircraft and follow all instructions provided by airline personnel with regard to such device.

– Additionally, the use of any PED, such as a mobile

workstation computer, may be prohibited in aircraft during certain critical phases of flight, for example, takeoff and landing. Some airlines may further define the critical flight phase as any time the aircraft is below 3050 m (10,000 ft). Please follow the airline’s specific instructions as to when the use of a PED is allowed.

EMC Instructions

• Use shielded signal cables to ensure that you maintain the appropriate EMC classification for the intended environment. For parallel printers, a cable is available from Dell. If you prefer, you can order a cable from Dell at its world-wide website at www.dell.com.

• Static electricity can harm electronic components inside your computer. To prevent static damage, discharge static electricity from your body before you touch any of your computer’s electronic components, such as a memory module. You can do so by touching an unpainted metal surface on the computer's input/output panel.

System Information Guide 9

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When Using Your Computer

Observe the following safe-handling guidelines to prevent damage to your computer:

• When setting up the computer for work, place it on a level surface.

• When traveling, do not check the computer as baggage. You can put your computer through an X-ray security machine, but never put your computer through a metal detector. If you have the computer checked by hand, be sure to have a charged battery available in case you are asked to turn on the computer.

• When traveling with the hard drive removed from the computer, wrap the drive in a nonconducting material, such as cloth or paper. If you have the drive checked by hand, be ready to install the drive in the computer. You can put the hard drive through an X-ray security machine, but never put the drive through a metal detector.

• When traveling, do not place the computer in overhead storage compartments where it could slide around. Do not drop your computer or subject it to other mechanical shocks.

• Protect your computer, battery, and hard drive from environmental hazards such as dirt, dust, food, liquids, temperature extremes, and overexposure to sunlight.

• When you move your computer between environments with very different temperature and/or humidity ranges, condensation may form on or within the computer. To avoid damaging the computer, allow sufficient time for the moisture to evaporate before using the computer.

• When you disconnect a cable, pull on its connector or on its strain-

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NOTICE: When taking the computer from low-temperature conditions into a

warmer environment or from high-temperature conditions into a cooler environment, allow the computer to acclimate to room temperature before turning on power.

relief loop, not on the cable itself. As you pull out the connector, keep it evenly aligned to avoid bending any connector pins. Also, before you connect a cable make sure both connectors are correctly oriented and aligned.

• Handle components with care. Hold a component such as a memory module by its edges, not its pins.

• When preparing to remove a memory module from the system board or disconnect a peripheral device from the computer, turn off the computer, disconnect the AC adapter cable, and then wait 5 seconds before proceeding to help avoid possible damage to the system board.

• Clean the display with a soft, clean cloth and commercial window cleaner that does not contain wax or abrasives. Apply the cleaner to the cloth; then stroke the cloth across the display in one direction, moving from the top of the display to the bottom. If the display contains grease or some other contaminant, use isopropyl alcohol instead of commercial window cleaner.

• If your computer gets wet or is damaged, follow the procedures described in “Troubleshooting Your Computer” in your User’s Guide. If, after following these procedures, you confirm that your computer is not operating properly, contact Dell (see “Getting Help” in your User’s Guide for the appropriate contact information).

Ergonomic Computing Habits

CAUTION: Improper or prolonged keyboard use may result in

injury.

CAUTION: Viewing the display or external monitor screen for

extended periods of time may result in eye strain.

For comfort and efficiency, observe the following ergonomic guidelines when setting up and using your computer:

• This is a portable computer and is not designed for continuous operation as office equipment. For extended use in an office, an external keyboard is recommended.

• Position your computer directly in front of you as you work.

• Adjust the tilt of the computer’s display, its contrast and/or brightness settings, and the lighting around you (such as overhead lights, desk lamps, and the curtains or blinds on nearby windows) to minimize reflections and glare on the display.

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• When using an external monitor with your computer, set the monitor at a comfortable viewing distance (usually 510 to 610 millimeters [20 to 24 inches] from your eyes). Make sure the monitor screen is at eye level or slightly lower when you are sitting in front of the monitor.

• Use a chair that provides good lower-back support.

• Keep your forearms horizontal with your wrists in a neutral, comfortable position while using the keyboard, touch pad, track stick, or external mouse.

• Always use the palm rest with the keyboard, touch pad, or track stick. Leave space to rest your hands when using an external mouse.

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• Let your upper arms hang naturally at your sides.

• Sit erect with your feet resting on the floor and your thighs level.

• When sitting, make sure the weight of your legs is on your feet and not on the front of your chair seat. Adjust your chair’s height or use a footrest, if necessary, to maintain proper posture.

• Vary your work activities. Try to organize your work so that you do not have to type for extended periods of time. When you stop typing, try to do things that use both hands.

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wrists relaxed and flat

arms at desk level

computer positioned directly in front of user

Before removing or installing memory modules, perform the following steps in the sequence indicated.

NOTICE: The only time you should ever access the inside of your computer is

when you are installing memory modules.

NOTICE: Wait 5 seconds after turning off the computer before disconnecting

a peripheral device or removing a memory module to help prevent possible damage to the system board.

System Information Guide 13

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1 Turn off your computer and any attached peripherals. 2 Disconnect your computer and peripherals from electrical outlets to

reduce the potential for personal injury or shock. Also, disconnect any telephone or telecommunication lines from the computer.

3 Remove the main battery from the battery compartment and, if

necessary, the secondary battery from the module bay.

4 Ground yourself by touching the unpainted metal surface of the I/O

panel on the back of the computer. While you work, periodically touch the I/O panel to dissipate any

static electricity that might harm internal components.

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

Static electricity can harm electronic components inside your computer. To prevent static damage, discharge static electricity from your body before you touch any of your computer’s electronic components, such as a memory module. You can do so by touching an unpainted metal surface on the computer’s I/O panel.

As you continue to work inside the computer, periodically touch an I/O connector to remove any static charge your body may have accumulated.

You can also take the following steps to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD):

• When unpacking a static-sensitive component from its shipping

• When transporting a sensitive component, first place it in an antistatic

• Handle all sensitive components in a static-safe area. If possible, use

The following notice may appear throughout your Dell documentation to remind you of these precautions:

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carton, do not remove the component from the antistatic packing material until you are ready to install the component. Just before unwrapping the antistatic packaging, be sure to discharge static electricity from your body.

container or packaging.

antistatic floor pads and workbench pads.

NOTICE: See “Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge” in your System

Information Guide.

Finding Information and Assistance

The following table lists the resources that Dell provides as support tools. Additional resources may be shipped with your computer.

Resources and Support Tools

Resource Contents Using the Resource

User’s guides for your computer and devices

User’s Guides

Drivers and Utilities CD

• Dell Diagnostics

• Drivers

• Utilities

• Computer and device documentation

Depending on your operating system, double-click the User’s Guides icon on your desktop, or click the Start button and then select Help and Support to access the documentation stored on your hard drive.

Obtain information on the following:

• Using your computer

• Configuring system settings

• Removing and installing parts

• Installing and configuring software

• Diagnosing a problem

• Technical specifications

• Getting technical assistance

See the main menu on the Drivers and Utilities CD that came with your computer. Use the pull-down menu to make selections appropriate for your computer.

Documentation and drivers are already installed on your computer when shipped from Dell. You can use this CD to access documentation, reinstall drivers, or run diagnostics tools.

For more information, see your computer User’s Guide.

Service and Registration Labels

• Express Service Code and Service Tag Sequence

• Product Key (also called the Product ID or Certificate of Authenticity [COA])

The Express Service Code and Service Tag Sequence are unique identifiers for your Dell computer.

You will need the Product Key (or Product ID) number to complete the operating system setup.

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Resource Contents Using the Resource

Operating System CD To reinstall your operating system, use the Operating

System CD that came with your computer.

NOTE: The Operating System CD may not include all the latest drivers for your computer. If you reinstall your operating system, use the Drivers and Utilities CD to reinstall drivers for the devices shipped with your computer.

For more information about installing your operating system, see the Dell-installed Microsoft Setup Guide that came with your computer.

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Dell-installed Windows Setup Guide

See the Setup Guide for information on installing and configuring your operating system.

NOTE: To obtain information on your operating system, click the Start button and click Help or Help and Support, depending on your operating system.

Windows®

Dell | Support website

• Frequently asked questions

• Downloads for your computer

• Documentation

• Online discussions about your computer

• Searchable database

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Go to support.dell.com and complete the one-time registration:

•View the User’s Guide for your computer

• Get help with general usage, installation, and troubleshooting questions (Ask Dudley, Dell Knowledge Base)

• Access documentation about your computer and devices (Dell Documents)

• Get the latest versions of the drivers for your computer (Downloads for Your Dell)

• Join online discussions with other Dell customers and Dell technical professionals (Dell Talk)

• Explore a list of online links to Dell's primary vendors

Resource Contents Using the Resource

Dell Premier Support website

• Service call status

• Top technical issues by product

• Frequently asked questions by product number

• Customized service tags

• System configuration detail

Go to premiersupport.dell.com:

The Dell Premier Support website is customized for corporate, government, and education customers.

This service may not be available in all regions.

Setting Up Your Computer

1 Unpack the accessories box. 2 Set aside the contents of the accessories box, which you will need to

complete the setup of your computer. The accessories box also contains user documentation and any

software or additional hardware (such as PC Cards, drives, or batteries) you have ordered.

3 Connect the AC adapter to the AC adapter connector and to the

electrical outlet.

Connecting the AC Adapter

System Information Guide 17

NOTE: Do not dock the

computer until it has been turned on and shut down at least once.

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4 Open the computer display and press the power button to turn on the

computer.

Power Button

About Your Computer

Front View

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CAUTION: Do not block, push objects into, or allow dust to

accumulate in the air vents. Doing so can damage the computer or cause a fire.

1 2

1 display latch 8 touch pad 2 display 9 battery bay 3 device status lights 10 module bay 4 air vent 11 track stick/touch pad buttons 5 keyboard status lights 12 Dell AccessDirect™ button 6 keyboard 13 power button 7 track stick 14 microphone

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Left Side View

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1 2 3 4 5 6

1 fixed optical drive 2 S-video TV-out connector 3 security cable slot 4 modem connector 5 network connector 6 speaker

Right Side View

CAUTION: Do not block, push objects into, or allow dust to

accumulate in the air vents. Doing so can damage the computer or cause a fire.

1 2 3 46785

1 speaker 5 PC Card slot 2 security cable slot 6 IEEE 1394 connector 3 hard drive bay 7 audio connectors 4 infrared sensor 8 air vents

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Back View

NOTICE: To avoid damaging the computer, wait 5 seconds after turning off

the computer before you disconnect an external device.

CAUTION: Do not block, push objects into, or allow dust to

accumulate in the air vents. Doing so can damage the computer or cause a fire.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 fans (2) 5 docking connector 2 AC adapter connector 6 parallel connector 3 PS/2 connector 7 serial connector 4 video connector 8 USB connectors (2)

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Bottom View

1 2

1 memory module and modem cover 2 device release latches 3 Mini PCI card cover 4 docking device latch

System Information Guide 23

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Removing a Battery

NOTICE: If you choose to replace the battery with the computer in standby

mode, you have only about 1 minute to complete the battery replacement before the computer shuts down and loses any unsaved data.

Before removing the battery, ensure that the computer is turned off, suspended in a power management mode, or connected to an electrical outlet.

1 If the computer is docked, undock it. 2 Slide and hold the battery bay (or module bay) latch release on the

bottom of the computer, and then slide the battery from the bay.

Installing a Battery

Slide the battery into the bay until the latch release clicks.

Running the Dell Diagnostics

Dell provides a number of tools to help you if your computer does not perform as expected. For information on these help tools, see your User’s Guide.

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If you have a computer problem and are unable to access the online User’s Guide, use the Dell Diagnostics to help you determine the cause of the problem and to help you solve it. The Diagnostics are on the Drivers and Utilities CD that came with your computer.

To start the Diagnostics, perform the following steps:

1 Turn off the computer. 2 If the computer is docked, undock the computer. 3 Ensure that the computer is connected to an electrical outlet. 4 Turn on the computer with the Driver and Utilities CD in the CD,

CD-RW, or DVD drive.

5 Press to enter the system setup program as soon as the Dell logo

screen appears, and before the Microsoft Windows logo screen appears.

6 Select the Boot Order page of the system setup program. Make a note

of the device currently set as the first (top) boot device, and then set the first three devices in the boot sequence in the following order:

• Diskette Drive

• CD/DVD/CD-RW Drive

• Internal HDD

7 Save your changes and press to exit the system setup program

and restart the computer to boot from the CD. The computer starts and automatically begins to run the Dell

Diagnostics.

NOTE: Run the

Diagnostics before you call Dell technical support because the diagnostic tests provide information you may need when you call.

NOTE: Write down your

current boot sequence in the event you want to restore it after running the Dell Diagnostics.

8 When you have completed running diagnostics, remove the Drivers

and Utilities CD.

9 When the computer restarts, press as soon as the Dell logo

screen appears, and before the Microsoft Windows logo screen appears.

10 In the system setup program, select the Boot Order page and reset the

boot sequence to the original order.

11 Press to exit the system setup program and restart Microsoft

Windows.

12 Remove the CD from the CD, CD-RW, or DVD drive.

System Information Guide 25

When you start the diagnostics, the Dell logo screen appears, followed by a message telling you that the diagnostics is loading. After the diagnostics loads, the Diagnostics Menu appears.

To select an option from this menu, highlight the option and press

, or press the key that corresponds to the highlighted letter in

the option you choose.

Regulatory Notices

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Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is any signal or emission, radiated in free space or conducted along power or signal leads, that endangers the functioning of a radio navigation or other safety service or seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a licensed radio communications service. Radio communications services include but are not limited to AM/FM commercial broadcast, television, cellular services, radar, air-traffic control, pager, and Personal Communication Services (PCS). These licensed services, along with unintentional radiators such as digital devices, including computers, contribute to the electromagnetic environment.

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is the ability of items of electronic equipment to function properly together in the electronic environment. While this computer has been designed and determined to be compliant with regulatory agency limits for EMI, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference with radio communications services, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient the receiving antenna.

• Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.

• Move the computer away from the receiver.

• Plug the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and the

If necessary, consult a Dell Technical Support representative or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions.

26 System Information Guide

receiver are on different branch circuits.

Dell computers are designed, tested, and classified for their intended electromagnetic environment. These electromagnetic environment classifications generally refer to the following harmonized definitions:

• Class A is typically for business or industrial environments.

• Class B is typically for residential environments.

Information Technology Equipment (ITE), including devices, expansion cards, printers, input/output (I/O) devices, monitors, and so on, that are integrated into or connected to the computer should match the electromagnetic environment classification of the computer.

A Notice About Shielded Signal Cables: Use only shielded cables for connecting devices to any Dell device to reduce the possibility of interference with radio communications services. Using shielded cables ensures that you maintain the appropriate EMC classification for the intended environment. For parallel printers, a cable is available from Dell. If you prefer, you can order a cable from Dell on the World Wide Web at accessories.us.dell.com/.

Most Dell computers are classified for Class B environments. However, the inclusion of certain options can change the rating of some configurations to Class A. To determine the electromagnetic classification for your computer or device, refer to the following sections specific for each regulatory agency. Each section provides country-specific EMC/EMI or product safety information.

FCC Notices (U.S. Only)

Most Dell computers are classified by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as Class B digital devices. To determine which classification applies to your computer, examine all FCC registration labels located on the bottom or back panel of your computer, on card-mounting brackets, and on the cards themselves. If any one of the labels carries a Class A rating, your entire computer is considered to be a Class A digital device. If all labels carry an FCC Class B rating as distinguished by either an FCC ID number or the FCC logo, ( ), your computer is considered to be a Class B digital device.

System Information Guide 27

Once you have determined your computer’s FCC classification, read the appropriate FCC notice. Note that FCC regulations provide that changes or modifications not expressly approved by Dell could void your authority to operate this equipment.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.

• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

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Class A

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction manual, may cause harmful interference with radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case you will be required to correct the interference at your own expense.

Class B

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction manual, may cause interference with radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.

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+ 150 hidden pages