Dell PowerVault 221S User Manual

;
A Reference Guide for Optimizing Dell™ SCSI Solutions
Authored By:
Dell SCSI Storage Solution Team
November 17, 2005 rev A02
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A REFERENCE GUIDE FOR OPTIMIZING DELL™ SCSI SOLUTIONS VER A02
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A REFERENCE GUIDE FOR OPTIMIZING DELL SCSI SOLUTIONS............................................................... 3
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. STORAGE APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS.................................................................................................... 4
Identify customer usage model and needs............................................................................................................. 4
Picking a solution based on the application profile.............................................................................................. 4
General RAID Configuration Guidelines .............................................................................................................................. 5
Application specific guidelines............................................................................................................................... 6
E-Mail Servers......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Database Servers .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Web Servers............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Online Transaction Processing Servers................................................................................................................................. 9
File Servers............................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Streaming Media Servers...................................................................................................................................................... 12
Additional configuration factors.......................................................................................................................... 13
Hot Spares ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Clustering Considerations.................................................................................................................................................... 13
Considerations for Optimal RAID Performance................................................................................................................. 13
3. DELLS PRODUCT OFFERING ............................................................................................................................ 14
PowerVault 220S & 221S Storage Enclosure.................................................................................................14
PERC – PowerEdge™ RAID Controllers ..........................................................................................................14
SCSI Cabling.........................................................................................................................................................15
SCSI Hard Drive Support..................................................................................................................................... 16
3rd Party Hardware support................................................................................................................................. 16
Server Support ......................................................................................................................................................16
4. PV22XS ENCLOSURE OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 19
Joined Bus Topology ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Split Bus Topology................................................................................................................................................ 20
Cluster Topology ..................................................................................................................................................21
PV22xS – Common Features and Capabilities................................................................................................... 22
SCSI ID Assignment.............................................................................................................................................................. 22
Multiple PV22xS Enclosures on a Single Host System .......................................................................................................23
Mixing EMM Speeds............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Mixing HDD Capacities ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
Mixing HDD Spindle Speeds................................................................................................................................................ 24
SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) ............................................................................................................................................24
Warm and Hot Pluggable Features ..................................................................................................................................... 24
External SCSI Cables............................................................................................................................................................ 25
External SCSI Connector Types........................................................................................................................................... 25
PV22xS Configuration Topology and Application Attributes............................................................................................. 26
5. SCSI HOST BUS ADAPTERS / SCSI RAID....................................................................................................... 29
RAID: Hardware Vs Software .............................................................................................................................29
Considerations to Implement a RAID Solution................................................................................................... 29
Controller Family.................................................................................................................................................................. 30
Data Protection Strategy ......................................................................................................................................................32
High Availability Needs – Clustering................................................................................................................................... 33
Heterogeneous vs. Homogeneous environments................................................................................................................. 33
Interface Channel Options – Internal/External/Multi channel device configuration........................................................ 34
Capacity Needs – Virtual Disk Size...................................................................................................................................... 35
Additional RAID information............................................................................................................................... 35
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 39
7. APPENDIX A: REFERENCES............................................................................................................................ 41
8. APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................... 42
9. APPENDIX C: ABOUT THE DELL SCSI STORAGE SOLUTION TEAM .............................................................43
Authors .................................................................................................................................................................. 43
10. APPENDIX D: REVISION HISTORY ............................................................................................................. 44
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A Reference Guide for Optimizing Dell SCSI Solutions
1. Introduction
Enterprise storage applications involve interconnection of multiple components – including both software and hardware aspects which would complete a storage solution. Any given storage application may be supported by one or more storage solutions. Thus, it becomes essential to identify an optimum storage solution, one which would be ideal for a given application.
Selection of storage components not only impacts the effectiveness of the solution for an application but also would impact the performance of Enterprise IT infrastructure which relies on that storage. Key storage components which impact a storage solution can be categorized as:
Physical Storage Device Technology – PowerVault™ Direct Attached Storage PV22xS family
Interconnect Technology – Ultra160/Ultra320 SCSI
Host System Interface Technology – non-RAID (HBA) and RAID controllers
(PERC)
Management Capabilities – OpenManage™ Storage Management (OMSM) or Array Manager
While selection of storage components is essential for building a storage solution, on the other hand it is also critical to understand the requirements for a given application. In general, effectiveness of all the applications is driven by the following key storage attributes and the usage model for the application, which should then determine the relative importance for each of these attributes:
Reliability – Storage solution provides reliable access to data
Availability – Data from storage devices readily available
Serviceability – In case of failure of storage components, solution should allow
easy access to assemblies/components and be easy to service
Redundancy – Solution provides redundancy for both the data storage, as well as for hardware management capabilities
Performance
o Bandwidth Utilization – Data Throughput/Available Bandwidth o I/Os per second (IOPS)
Data Protection – Data is protected against catastrophic failures on a storage or system component
Scalability – Storage capacity can be expanded as applications necessitate
Cost – driven by RAID and other hardware configurations.
An optimum storage solution would be something comprised of storage components that would address all the key attributes for a given application, keeping their relative importance in mind. This paper presents a study of all storage components from technological to functional, as well as behavioral differences, to help define an optimum storage solution. In this paper, all the storage components are measured against the attributes listed above which impact the overall effectiveness of an application.
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Understanding each of the storage components with respect to these attributes will help in making intelligent decisions to determine an optimal configuration for a given application.
The paper presumes that the reader has a basic understanding of different levels of RAID and interconnects technologies – Parallel SCSI (SPI-4), PCI vs. PCI-X vs. PCI-e. This paper presents a study of all storage components, as identified earlier, against various storage applications and different operating environments; however, specific behavior of each of the storage applications and management functions is beyond the scope of this document. In this document we present storage solution from Parallel SCSI perspective, specifically for Dell’s Direct Attached Storage (DAS) products. Other storage technologies such as SAS, SATA, or Fibre Channel, as well as topologies such as Network Attached Storage (NAS) or Storage Area Network (SAN) are outside the scope of this document. All storage applications referred to herein are treated independent of any specific host system or server.
2. Storage Applications and Components
Identify customer usage model and needs
In order to select the correct storage solution for any given situation, it is important to understand what the application and user requirements will be for that solution. A good starting point is to have an understanding of basic storage profiling considerations.
Table 2-1: Storage Profiling Considerations
Characteristic Values Description
Performance is the overall ability of the solution to read and write data to disk. The performance requirements are usually determined by the type of application being utilized. Different applications have different performance requirements. For example, a database or e-mail server has mostly random disk access operations while a streaming media server would have mostly sequential disk access.
Performance
Bandwidth (MB per sec.)
I/O size (KB/MB)
I/O Profile (read/write
and random/sequential access mix)
Latency
Storage capacity is the current amount of storage
Storage Capacity
Needs
Gigabytes
space required by the application and user data. For example, e-mail storage for 100 users would require much less storage capacity than an e-mail store for 1000 users. Storage growth is the expected increase in the amount
Storage Growth
Rate
Percent increase per
year
of capacity that will be required as usage of the server increases. This is usually measured in the expected number of users or clients accessing the server
Criticality defines the impact to mission critical business
Criticality
Low, Medium, High,
Very High
needs if the storage is offline. This characteristic is important for choosing the right RAID level, and determining if clustering is needed.
Picking a solution based on the application profile
One of the most important factors to consider when selecting a storage solution is the type of application that will be utilizing the storage solution. This defines the overall purpose of
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the server/storage solution and will determine what RAID configuration will be the most optimal for the application. Table 2-2 outlines the recommended RAID solution based on the usage of the server.
Table 2-2: Application Vs RAID configurations
Application
Email
Database
Web
On-line transaction
File ­Archival
File - User File stores
Streaming Media
RAID Level
Concatenated 0 1 10 5 50
Recommended Not Recommended Possible
General RAID Configuration Guidelines
RAID 0
RAID 0 is generally not a recommended solution due to lack of redundancy and data protection. However, it may be utilized in situations where these are not required and maximum storage capacity and performances are essential.
RAID 1
A RAID 1 solution, while not ideal for most servers, could be utilized for small workgroup servers or servers with low storage capacity and growth requirements. Any servers beyond a small workgroup server are likely to need more storage and consequently, a more efficient RAID solution.
RAID 10
RAID 10 has good I/O performance, excellent availability and redundancy. The biggest drawback is the higher relative cost for significantly lower storage capacity. This RAID configuration should be used in situations where the maximum availability, redundancy and performance are the priority considerations.
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RAID 5
RAID 5 has good I/O performance, data protection and relative cost with excellent storage capacity. RAID 5 should be used in situations where maximum storage capacity is required along with a moderate amount of data protection.
RAID 50
A balance between RAID 5 and RAID 10, this solution offers good I/O performance, availability and good storage capacity. This configuration offers slightly higher performance than RAID 5, but at a slightly higher cost and reduced storage capacity. It does however provide greater storage capacity than a RAID 10 solution with a decrease in performance and data protection. This should be used in situations where greater redundancy and data protection is required as well as reasonable storage capacity.
Note: For more details on RAID configurations refer to the Dell™ ‘Getting Started with RAID’ document (http://support.dell.com/support/edocs/storage/RAID/RAIDbk0.pdf
).
Concatenated Container
This solution is not recommended due to lack of data protection and redundancy and no performance gain. However for non-critical implementations that require high scalability this type of solution will provide more ease of use than other RAID configurations.
Application specific guidelines
E-Mail Servers
The storage requirements for e-mail servers can vary depending on the size, the amount, and type of users. While small departmental e-mail servers may work well with a small amount of storage and limited features; large corporate e-mail servers normally require greater storage capacity, very high availability, performance and scalability. IO profiles will vary depending on the number of users and type of mail and attachments sent.
Table 2-3: Email Server General I/O profile
I/O Profile
(Read/Write)
I/O Profile
(Sequential/Random)
Bandwidth
I/O
Size
Latency
Sensitivity
Growth
Rate
Critical
ity
60/40 Random Heavy 4k High High High
Table 2-4: Email Sever RAID Guidelines
Application
E-Mail
Concatenated 0 1 10 5 50
RAID Level
Recommended Not Recommended Possible
Recommended:
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RAID 10 – Recommended for enterprise mission critical e-mail servers where availability and redundancy and/or performance are the highest priority and reduce storage capacity is acceptable.
RAID 5 – Recommended for e-mail servers that require maximum storage capacity and only base data protection and performance.
RAID 50 – Recommended for those solutions that require greater redundancy and data protection and a balance between storage capacity and performance.
Possible:
RAID 1 – Possible solution for small e-mail servers which do not require high storage capacity.
Not recommended:
RAID 0, Concatenated – Not recommended due to lack of redundancy and data protection.
Note: While these configurations are not recommended, they can be configured and utilized.
Database Servers
Database servers can range from simple workgroup databases like Microsoft® Access with a few hundred users to mission critical enterprise databases like Oracle or SQL Server with thousands of users. Database applications will always benefit from some data protection while other requirements such as performance and availability will vary. As a general rule, the more mission critical the database is, the more data protection is required. Additionally, the performance requirements increase relative to the number of users accessing the database.
Table 2-5: Database General IO profile
I/O Profile
(Read/Write)
I/O Profile
(Sequential/Random)
Bandwidth IO Size
Latency
Sensitivity
Growth
Rate
Criticality
70/30 Random Heavy 8K High High High
Table 2-6: Database sever RAID Guidelines
Application
Database
Concatenated 0 1 10 5 50
RAID Level
Recommended Not Recommended Possible
Recommended:
RAID 10 – Recommended for enterprise mission critical database solutions where availability and redundancy and/or performance are the highest priority.
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RAID 5 – Recommended for databases that require maximum storage capacity and only base data protection and performance.
RAID 50 – Recommended for those solutions that require a balance between storage capacity and performance.
Possible:
RAID 1 – Possible solution for small databases which do not require high storage capacity.
Not recommended:
RAID0, Concatenated - Not recommended due to lack of redundancy and data protection
Note: While these configurations are not recommended, they can be configured and utilized.
Web Servers
Web severs are usually high traffic systems where read operations are the most common disk activity as web pages are requested by users. They can be moderate intranet sites with minimal traffic internal company traffic or global internet portal sites that receive hundreds of thousands of users daily. Performance is generally the main concern with redundancy and data protection being less a concern. For large web sites, usually there are several web servers responding to client requests and as a result the need for redundancy and data protection
is not as important. Also web servers may not require as much scalability or disk capacity since website content is relatively static and changes are usually minor content modifications.
Table 2-7: Web General IO profile
I/O Profile
(Read/Write)
I/O Profile
(Sequential/Random)
Bandwidth IO Size
Latency
Sensitivity
Growth
Rate
Criticality
95/5 Random Moderate < 64K Moderate Low High
Table 2-8: Web RAID Guidelines
Application
Database
Concatenated 0 1 10 5 50
RAID Level
Recommended Not Recommended Possible
Recommended:
RAID 10 – Recommended for enterprise web server solutions where availability and redundancy and performance are the highest priority, usually stand-alone portal sites that is critical to the organization’s business.
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RAID 5 – Recommended for web servers that require maximum storage capacity and only base data protection and performance.
RAID 50 – Recommended for those solutions that require a balance between storage capacity and performance.
RAID 0 – Recommended for solutions where web server will be part of a group of web servers that service a large internet portal and performance is the highest concern. In this situation, availability and redundancy is handled by the cluster group and does not need to happen at the disk level.
RAID 1 – Good solution for small websites which do not require high storage capacity.
Not recommended:
Concatenated - This solution is not recommended due to lack of redundancy and data protection
Note: While this configuration is not recommended, it can be configured and utilized.
Online Transaction Processing Servers
Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) oriented servers are used in a number of industries for the entry and retrieval of transactions for example, OLTP is common in banking, airlines, mail-order, and supermarkets. They are generally mission critical servers that require the maximum availability and redundancy possible.
Table 2-9: OLTP General IO profile
I/O Profile
(Read/Write)
I/O Profile
(Sequential/Random)
Bandwidth IO Size
Latency
Sensitivity
Growth
Rate
Criticality
80/20 Random Moderate 2k-8k Moderate Low High
Table 2-10: OLTP RAID Guidelines
Application
OLTP
Concatenated 0 1 10 5 50
RAID Level
Recommended Not Recommended Possible
Recommended:
RAID 10 – Since OLTP systems are very critical for most business, this RAID
configuration is highly recommended due to the high availability and redundancy and good performance.
RAID 5 – Recommended for OLTP servers that require maximum storage
capacity and only base data protection and performance.
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RAID 50 – Recommended for those solutions that require a balance between
storage capacity and performance.
Possible:
RAID 1 – Possible solution for situations which do not require high storage
capacity.
Not recommended:
RAID 0, Concatenated - These are not recommended due to lack of
redundancy and data protection.
Note: While these configurations are not recommended, they can be configured and
utilized.
File Servers
File servers can be archival long term storage repositories or more dynamic user file storage where files are changed, added and deleted on a daily basis. They can range from workgroup to company level in their scope. A key factor for file servers is storage capacity as users add more files. File servers are generally not mission critical systems so reduced availability and redundancy or none at all is acceptable as the data is usually backed up and can be restored in a matter of hours.
Archival file server characteristics and recommendations
Table 2-11 Archival File Server General I/O profile
I/O Profile
(Read/Write)
I/O Profile
(Sequential/Random)
Bandwidth IO Size
Latency
Sensitivity
Growth
Rate
Criticality
90/10 Sequential Moderate >64K High Varies Low
Table 2-12: Archival File Server RAID Guidelines
Application
File -
Archival
Concatenated 0 1 10 5 50
RAID Level
Recommended Not Recommended Possible
Recommended:
RAID 10 – Recommended due to the high availability and redundancy and
good performance.
RAID 5 – Recommended for file servers that require maximum storage
capacity and only base data protection and performance.
RAID 50 – Recommended for those solutions that require a balance between
storage capacity and performance.
Possible:
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RAID 1 – Possible solution in situations which do not require high storage
capacity.
Not recommended:
RAID 0, Concatenated - These are not recommended due to lack of
redundancy and data protection. Since long term archival storage is indented in some ways to be a backup of important files, it is not a recommended solution.
Note: While these configurations are not recommended, they can be configured and
utilized.
User file store characteristics and recommendations
Table 2-13 User Store File Server General IO profile
I/O Profile
(Read/Write)
I/O Profile
(Sequential/Random)
Bandwidth IO Size
Latency
Sensitivity
Growth
Rate
Criticality
80/20 Sequential Heavy >64K High Varies Moderate
Table 2-14: User Store File Server RAID Guidelines
Application
File – User
file stores
Concatenated 0 1 10 5 50
RAID Level
Recommended Not Recommended Possible
Recommended:
RAID 5 – Recommended for file servers that require maximum storage
capacity and only base data protection and performance.
RAID 50 – Recommended for those solutions that require a balance between
storage capacity and performance.
Possible:
RAID 1 – Possible solution situations which do not require high storage
capacity.
RAID 10 – Possible solution for situations that require greater availability and
redundancy but not as much disk capacity.
RAID 0 – While this solution is not fault tolerant, RAID 0 may be useful for file
servers that require better performance and maximum storage capacity, for example, where backups are expected to maintain data in the event of a failure.
Concatenated – This solution could be use for situations that require maximum
scalability as drives could be added as storage needs grow. For file servers
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that can afford some downtime and rely on backups to restore data, this could be a solution.
Streaming Media Servers
Streaming media servers are systems that provide web casting, video conferencing, internet entertainment like TV or radio, and multimedia content oriented services. These are systems that generally require a balance between storage capacity, availability, redundancy and performance. Like web servers, they may also be part of a group of systems that work together to provide content.
Table 2-15 Database General IO profile
I/O Profile
(Read/Write)
I/O Profile
(Sequential/Random)
Bandwidth IO Size
Latency
Sensitivity
Growth
Rate
Criticality
98/2 Sequential Heavy >64K High High Varies
Table 2-16: Database sever RAID Guidelines
Application
Streaming
Media
Concatenated 0 1 10 5 50
RAID Level
Recommended Not Recommended Possible
Recommended:
RAID 5 – Recommended for streaming media servers that require maximum
storage capacity and only base data protection and performance. This would be recommended RAID configuration for stand alone streaming media servers.
RAID 50 – Recommended for those solutions that require a balance between
storage capacity and performance. This solution would provide greater availability and redundancy but less storage capacity.
RAID 0 – While this solution is not redundant, this may be useful for streaming
media servers that require better performance and are members of a cluster of servers where availability and redundancy is handled at a higher level.
Possible:
RAID 1, RAID 10 – Possible solutions in situations which do not require high
storage capacity. In general servers utilized for streaming media require large amounts of storage capacity for content especially uncompressed video.
Not Recommended:
Concatenated – This solution is not recommended due to lack of redundancy
and limited performance.
Note: While these configurations are not recommended, they can be configured and utilized.
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Additional configuration factors
Hot Spares
Hot Spare functionality provides extra security availability and redundancy by replacing a failed drive, allowing the rebuild of the degraded array to begin immediately. Both the Adaptec and LSI based PERC controllers’ support this feature, but a simple SCSI controller would not. See the controller user’s guide for details and limitations. Use of Hot Spares is recommended whenever possible.
Clustering Considerations
In a cluster environment the cache being disabled on the controller poses a significant performance impact to RAID 5 and RAID 50 configurations. If the system is to be clustered RAID 10 is the optimal RAID level.
Table 2-17: Cluster Solution Vs RAID Levels
RAID Level
Cluster
Concatenated 0 1 10 5 50
Solutions
Considerations for Optimal RAID Performance
The PowerVault™ 22xS is capable of offering increased performance by allowing multiple channels to connect to the storage enclosure. This ability can increase the performance of most configurations by allowing a multi channel RAID controller to increase the bandwidth of the SCSI bus. For more information see Table 4-2: PV22xS Configuration Topologies vs RAID Level Performance.
Clustering Multi Channel Relative Cost
Concatenated drives
RAID 0 RAID 1
RAID 10
RAID 5
RAID 50
Not Recommended Recommended Possible
Table 2-1 2-7: RAID Level Benefit (Generalized)
None None None None Excellent None
Moderate Excellent Excellent
Excellent Excellent Excellent Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Capacity
Excellent Excellent
None
None Moderate Moderate
Scalability
Excellent
None None
Excellent Moderate Moderate
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3. Dell’s Product Offering
PowerVault™ 220S & 221S Storage Enclosure
Dell™ PowerVault 220xS systems are flexible, external SCSI expansion enclosures designed to support multiple Dell storage environments and RAID configurations. Each system offers maximized drive-spindle count, hot-plug hard drives, optional redundant power, redundant cooling, rack mount capability, systems management features, and a modular design for easy upgrades. Most major components, including hard drives and power supply/cooling modules are hot-pluggable and can be removed and replaced easily.
The PV22xS is available as two model types: the PV220S which fits within an industry standard 19 inch rack, and the PV221S which is a free standing floor tower. Both models leverage the same base mechanical frame, but differ with respect to the mounting hardware and front bezel features. Dell offers a conversion kit to change from a PV220S to a PV221S. Basic features and options common to both models are shown in Figure 3-1.
Performance
U320 SCSI speed
dual channel PCI-Express PERC 4
U320 controller
Capacity
4.2TB with 300GB hard drives
Up to 32 disks per virtual disk
Scalability
Up to eight enclosures per server
Scales up to 32TB per server
Manageability
Robust RAID management
Fully integrated solution
Affordability
Lower cost than Fibre Channel
Low cost non-redundant configs
PowerVault 220S/221S Storage Arrays
PV 220S Rack
SCSI Storage Array
FEATURES
Up to 14 1” SCSI U160 SCSI hard disk drives
 
73GB, 146 & 300GB 10K RPM or 18GB, 36GB & 73GB 15K RPM disks
Supports RAID 0, 1, 5, 10, 50 with PERC 3 or PERC 4 RAID cards
3+1 Fan Redundancy, optional redundant power supply
Supports cables up to 12 meters from host server
Configurable in joined bus, split bus or cluster mode
Leverages PERC 3 U160 or PERC 4 RAID controller card
Allows 32 hard disk drive per virtual disk
Up to forty (40) virtual disks per controller
Dual channel and Quad Channel
Host clustering support (Microsoft Cluster Support)
Externally accessible Ultra3 (Ultra160) or Ultra 320 (U320) SCSI
3U form factor for rack dense environments
PV 221S Tower
SCSI Storage Array
Figure 3-1 PV22xS Enclosure Features and Options
PERC – PowerEdge™ RAID Controllers
The PowerEdge RAID Controller (PERC) is a high-performance, intelligent peripheral component interconnect (PCI) and PCI-Express to Small Computer System Interface
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