Datasheet X9C102PM, X9C102PI, X9C104P, X9C103SM, X9C103SI Datasheet (XICOR)

APPLICATION NOTES

AVAILABLE

AN42 • AN44–48 • AN50 • AN52 • AN53 • AN71 • AN73

Terminal Voltage ±5V, 100 Taps

X9C102/103/104/503

X9C102/103/104/503

E2POT™ Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer

FEATURES

• Compatible with X9102/103/104/503

• Low Power CMOS

—VCC = 5V
—Active Current, 3mA Max
—Standby Current, 500µA Max

• 99 Resistive Elements

—Temperature Compensated
—± 20% End to End Resistance Range

• 100 Wiper Tap Points

—Wiper Positioned via Three-Wire Interface
—Similar to TTL Up/Down Counter
—Wiper Position Stored in Nonvolatile
Memory and Recalled on Power-Up

• 100 Year Wiper Position Data Retention

• X9C102 = 1KΩ

• X9C103 = 10KΩ

• X9C503 = 50KΩ

• X9C104 = 100KΩ

FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM

DESCRIPTION

The Xicor X9C102/103/104/503 is a solid state nonvola­tile potentiometer and is ideal for digitally controlled
resistance trimming.

The X9C102/103/104/503 is a resistor array composed of
99 resistive elements. Between each element and at
either end are tap points accessible to the wiper element.
The position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS,
U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be
stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a
subsequent power-up operation.

The resolution of the X9C102/103/104/503 is equal to
the maximum resistance value divided by 99. As an
example, for the X9C503 (50KΩ) each tap point repre­sents 505Ω.

All Xicor nonvolatile memories are designed and tested
for applications requiring extended endurance and data
retention.

U/D
INC

CS

V

CC

GND

E2POT™ is a trademark of Xicor, Inc.
©Xicor, Inc. 1994, 1995 Patents Pending Characteristics subject to change without notice

3863-2.4 9/18/96 T2/C0/D0 SH

7-BIT
UP/DOWN
COUNTER

7-BIT

NONVOLATILE

MEMORY

STORE AND

RECALL

CONTROL

CIRCUITRY

ONE

OF

ONE­HUNDRED
DECODER

1

99

98

97

96

V

H

TRANSFER

GATES

2

1

0

RESISTOR

ARRAY

V

L

V

W

3863 FHD F01

X9C102/103/104/503

PIN DESCRIPTIONS
VH and V

L

The high (VH) and low (VL) terminals of the X9C102/103/
104/503 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a
mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is –5V
and the maximum is +5V. It should be noted that the
terminology of VL and VH references the relative position
of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction
selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential on
the terminal.

V

W

VW is the wiper terminal, equivalent to the movable
terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position
of the wiper within the array is determined by the
control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is
typically 40Ω.

Up/Down (U/D)

The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper
movement and whether the counter is incremented or
decremented.

Increment (INC)

The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC
will move the wiper and either increment or decrement
the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on
the U/D input.

Chip Select (CS)

The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The
current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory
when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also
HIGH. After the store operation is complete the X9C102/
103/104/503 will be placed in the low power standby
mode until the device is selected once again.

PIN CONFIGURATION

DIP/SOIC

INC
U/D

V

V
SS

1
2

X9C102/

103/104/503

3

H

4

3863 FHD F02.2

PIN NAMES

Symbol Description

V

H

V

W

V

L

V

SS

V

CC

High Terminal
Wiper Terminal
Low Terminal
Ground
Supply Voltage

U/D Up/Down Input

INC Increment Input
CS Chip Select Input

NC No Connect

8

V

CC

7

CS

6

V

L

5

V

W

3863 PGM T01

2

X9C102/103/104/503

DEVICE OPERATION

There are three sections of the X9C102/103/104/503:
the input control, counter and decode section; the non­volatile memory; and the resistor array. The input control
section operates just like an up/down counter. The
output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single
electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array
to the wiper output. Under the proper conditions the
contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile
memory and retained for future use. The resistor array
is comprised of 99 individual resistors connected in
series. At either end of the array and between each
resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the
potential at that point to the wiper.

The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the
wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the
X9C102/103/104/503 is selected and enabled to
respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW
transitions on INC will increment or decrement
(depending on the state of the U/D input) a seven-bit
counter. The output of this counter is decoded to
select one of one-hundred wiper positions along the
resistive array.

The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its
mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the
last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around
when clocked to either extreme.

The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory
whenever CS transistions HIGH while the INC input is
also HIGH.

When the X9C102/103/104/503 is powered-down, the
last counter position stored will be maintained in the
nonvolatile memory. When power is restored, the con­tents of the memory are recalled and the counter is reset
to the value last stored.

OPERATION NOTES

The system may select the X9C102/103/104/503, move
the wiper, and deselect the device without having to
store the latest wiper, position in nonvolatile memory.
The wiper movement is performed as described above;
once the new position is reached, the system would the
keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper
position would be maintained until changed by the
system or until a power-down/up cycle recalled the
previously stored data.

This would allow the system to always power-up to a
preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during
system operation minor adjustments could be made.
The adjustments might be based on user preference:
system parameter changes due to temperature drift,
etc...

The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains
LOW. This allows the host system to enable the
X9C102/103/104/503 and then move the wiper up and
down until the proper trim is attained.

TIW/R

TOTAL

The electronic switches on the X9C102/103/104/503
operate in a “make before break” mode when the wiper
changes tap positions. If the wiper is moved several
positions, multiple taps are connected to the wiper for
tIW (INC to VW change). The R

value for the device

TOTAL

can temporarily be reduced by a significant amount
if the wiper is moved several positions.

R

with VCC Removed

TOTAL

The end to end resistance of the array will fluctuate once
VCC is removed.

SYMBOL TABLE

WAVEFORM

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

Must be
steady

May change
from LOW
to HIGH

May change
from HIGH
to LOW

Don’t Care:
Changes
Allowed

N/A

3

Will be
steady

Will change
from LOW
to HIGH

Will change
from HIGH
to LOW

Changing:
State Not
Known

Center Line
is High
Impedance

X9C102/103/104/503

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

Temperature under Bias .................. –65°C to +135°C

Storage Temperature ....................... –65°C to +150°C

Voltage on CS, INC, U/D and V

with Respect to V

Voltage on VH and V

Referenced to V

SS

L

.................................

SS

CC

...............................

–1V to +7V
–8V to +8V

∆V = |VH–VL|

X9C102.............................................................4V

*COMMENT

Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum
Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.
This is a stress rating only and the functional operation
of the device at these or any other conditions above
those listed in the operational sections of this specifica­tion is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods may affect device
reliability.

X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104......................10V

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds).... +300°C

Wiper Current.....................................................±1mA

ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics

End-to-End Resistance Tolerance ..................... ±20%

Power Rating at 25°C

X9C102.......................................................16mW

X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104..................10mW

Wiper Current............................................ ±1mA Max.

Typical Wiper Resistance......................... 40Ω at 1mA

Typical Noise..........................< –120dB/ Hz Ref: 1V

Temperature Coefficient

(–40°C to +85°C)

X9C102 ......................................+600 ppm/°C Typical

X9C103, X9C503, X9C104 ........+300 ppm/°C Typical

Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient ............ ±20 ppm

Wiper Adjustability

Unlimited Wiper Adjustment (Non-Store operation)

Wiper Position Store Operations...................10,000

Resolution

Resistance ............................................................. 1%

Linearity

Absolute Linearity
Relative Linearity

(1)

........................................

(3)

..................................... ±0.2 Ml

±1.0 Ml

(2)
(2)

Data Changes

Physical Characteristics

Marking Includes

Manufacturer‘s Trademark
Resistance Value or Code
Date Code

Test Circuit #1 Test Circuit #2

V

H

TEST POINT

V

W

V

L

3863 FHD F04 3863 FHD F05

Notes: (1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage

= (V

(actual) – V

w(n)

(2) 1 Ml = Minimum Increment = R
(3) Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = V

(expected)) = ±1 Ml Maximum.

w(n)

TOT

/99.

4

W(n+1)

– [V

w(n)

V

H

TEST POINT

V

W

FORCE

V

L

+ Ml] = +0.2 Ml.

CURRENT

X9C102/103/104/503

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Temperature Min. Max.

Commercial 0°C +70°C
Industrial –40°C +85°C

Supply Voltage Limits

X9C102/103/104/503 5V ±10%

3863 PGM T04.2

Military –55°C +125°C

3863 PGM T03.1

D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.)

Limits

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ.

I

I

CC

SB

VCC Active Current 1 3 mA CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and

Standby Supply Current 200 500 µA CS = VCC – 0.3V, U/D and INC =

(4)

Max. Units Test Conditions

INC = 0.4V to 2.4V @ max. t

CYC

VSS or VCC – 0.3V

I

LI

CS, INC, U/D Input ±10 µAVIN = VSS to V

CC

Leakage Current

V

IH

CS, INC, U/D Input 2 VCC + 1 V
HIGH Voltage

V

IL

CS, INC, U/D Input –1 0.8 V
LOW Voltage

R

W

V

H

V

L

C

IN

Wiper Resistence 40 100 Ω Max. Wiper Current ±1mA
VH Terminal Voltage –5 +5 V
VL Terminal Voltage –5 +5 V

(5)

CS, INC, U/D Input 10 pF VCC = 5V, VIN = VSS,
Capacitance TA = 25°C, f = 1MHz

3863 PGM T05.3

STANDARD PARTS

Part Number Maximum Resistance Wiper Increments Minimum Resistance

X9C102 1KΩ 10.1Ω 40Ω
X9C103 10KΩ 101Ω 40Ω
X9C503 50KΩ 505Ω 40Ω
X9C104 100KΩ 1010Ω 40Ω

Notes: (4) Typical values are for TA = 25°C and nominal supply voltage.

(5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.

5

3863 PGM T08.1

X9C102/103/104/503

A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST

Input Pulse Levels 0V to 3V
Input Rise and Fall Times 10ns
Input Reference Levels 1.5V

3863 PGM T05.1

MODE SELECTION

CS INC U/D Mode

L H Wiper Up
L L Wiper Down

H X Store Wiper Position

H X X Standby Current

L X No Store, Return to

Standby

3863 PGM T06

A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified)

Limits

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ.

t

Cl

t

lD

t

DI

t

lL

t

lH

t

lC

t

CPH

t

IW

t

CYC

t

R, tF

t

PU

tR V

(7)

CC

(7)

(7)

CS to INC Setup 100 ns
INC HIGH to U/D Change 100 ns
U/D to INC Setup 2.9 µs
INC LOW Period 1 µs
INC HIGH Period 1 µs
INC Inactive to CS Inactive 1 µs
CS Deselect Time 20 ms
INC to Vw Change 100 500 µs
INC Cycle Time 4 µs
INC Input Rise and Fall Time 500 µs

Power up to Wiper Stable 500 µs
V

Power-up Rate 0.2 50 mV/µs

CC

(6)

Max. Units

3863 PGM T07.3

A.C. Timing

CS

t

CYC

t

CI

INC

U/D

t

IW

V

W

Notes: (6) Typical values are for TA = 25°C and nominal supply voltage.

(7) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
(8) MI in the A.C. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the VW output due to a change in the wiper position.

t

IL

t

ID

t

IH

t

IC

t

DI

MI

6

(8)

t

CPH

t

F

90% 90%

10%

t

R

3863 FHD F03

X9C102/103/104/503

Typical Frequency Response for X9C102

9
6
3

0
–3
–6
–9

–12

NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)

–15
–18
–21

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00
FREQUENCY IN KHz

Typical Total Harmonic Distortion for X9C102

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Wiper @ Tap 50
VH = 0.5V

RMS

Normalized (0dB @ 1KHz)
Test Circuit #1

3863 FHD F06

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

THD (%)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00
FREQUENCY IN KHz

7

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Wiper @ Tap 50
VH = 2V

RMS

Test Circuit #1

3863 FHD F07

X9C102/103/104/503

Typical Linearity for X9C102

10

8
6
4
2

0
–2
–4

PERCENTAGE ERROR

–6
–8

–10

0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

WIPER POSITION

Typical Frequency Response for X9C103

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Test Circuit #2

KEY:

= ABSOLUTE
= RELATIVE

0039–9

3863 FHD F08

9
6
3

0
–3
–6
–9

–12

NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)

–15
–18
–21

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
FREQUENCY IN KHz

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Wiper @ Tap 50
VH = 0.5V

RMS

Normalized (0dB @ 1KHz)
Test Circuit #1

3863 FHD F09

8

X9C102/103/104/503

Typical Total Harmonic Distortion for X9C103

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

THD (%)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
FREQUENCY IN KHz

Typical Linearity for X9C103

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Wiper @ Tap 50
VH = 2V

RMS

Test Circuit #1

3863 FHD F10

10

8
6
4
2

0
–2
–4

PERCENTAGE ERROR

–6
–8

–10

0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Test Circuit #2

KEY:

= ABSOLUTE
= RELATIVE

0039–9

WIPER POSITION

3863 FHD F11

9

X9C102/103/104/503

Typical Frequency Response for X9C503

9
6
3

0

-3

-6

-9

-12

NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)

-15

-18

-21

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00
FREQUENCY IN KHz

Typical Total Harmonic Distortion for X9C503

1000.00

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Wiper @ Tap 50
VH = 0.5V

RMS

Normalized (0dB @ 1 KHz)
Test Circuit #1

3863 FHD F12

9

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

THD (%)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00
FREQUENCY IN KHz

1000.00

10

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Wiper @ Tap 50
VH = 2V

RMS

Test Circuit #1

3863 FHD F13

X9C102/103/104/503

Typical Linearity for X9C503

10

8
6
4
2
0

-2

-4

PERCENTAGE ERROR

-6

-8

-10
0 102030405060708090100

WIPER POSITION

Typical Frequency Response for X9C104

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Test Circuit #2

KEY:

= ABSOLUTE
= RELATIVE

0039–9

3863 FHD F14

9
6
3

0

-3

-6

-9

-12

NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)

-15

-18

-21

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
FREQUENCY IN KHz

11

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Wiper @ Tap 50
VH = 0.5V

RMS

Normalized (0dB @ 1 KHz)
Test Circuit #1

3863 FHD F15

X9C102/103/104/503

KEY:

= RELATIVE

= ABSOLUTE

0039–9

Typical Total Harmonic Distortion for X9C104

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

THD (%)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 10000.00

Typical Linearity for X9C104

FREQUENCY IN KHz

1000.00

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Wiper @ Tap 50
VH = 2V

RMS

Test Circuit #1

3863 FHD F16

10

8
6
4
2
0

-2

-4

PERCENTAGE ERROR

-6

-8

-10
0 102030405060708090100

TEST CONDITIONS

VCC = 5V
Temp. = 25°C
Test Circuit #2

WIPER POSITION

3863 FHD F17

12

X9C102/103/104/503

PACKAGING INFORMATION

8-LEAD PLASTIC DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE TYPE P

0.092 (2.34)
DIA. NOM.

PIN 1 INDEX

PIN 1

0.430 (10.92)

0.360 (9.14)

0.300

(7.62) REF.

0.255 (6.47)

0.245 (6.22)

0.060 (1.52)

0.020 (0.51)

HALF SHOULDER WIDTH ON

ALL END PINS OPTIONAL

SEATING

PLANE

0.150 (3.81)

0.125 (3.18)

0.110 (2.79)

0.090 (2.29)

0.015 (0.38)
MAX.

TYP. 0.010 (0.25)

NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)

NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)

0.325 (8.25)

0.300 (7.62)

0.062 (1.57)

0.058 (1.47)

0.020 (0.51)

0.016 (0.41)

0.140 (3.56)

0.130 (3.30)

0.020 (0.51)

0.015 (0.38)

0°

15°

13

3926 FHD F01

X9C102/103/104/503

PACKAGING INFORMATION

8-LEAD PLASTIC SMALL OUTLINE GULL WING PACKAGE TYPE S

PIN 1 INDEX

(4X) 7°

0.050 (1.27)

PIN 1

0.014 (0.35)

0.019 (0.49)

0.188 (4.78)

0.197 (5.00)

0.010 (0.25)

0.020 (0.50)

X 45°

0.150 (3.80)

0.158 (4.00)

0.004 (0.19)

0.010 (0.25)

0.228 (5.80)

0.244 (6.20)

0.053 (1.35)

0.069 (1.75)

0° – 8°

0.0075 (0.19)

0.010 (0.25)

0.027 (0.683)

0.037 (0.937)

NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESIS IN MILLIMETERS)

3926 FHD F22

14

X9C102/103/104/503

ORDERING INFORMATION

X9CXXX X X

Temperature Range

Blank = Commercial = 0°C to +70°C
I = Industrial = –40°C to +85°C
M = Military = –55°C to +125°C

Package

P = 8-Lead Plastic DIP
S = 8-Lead SOIC

End to End Resistance

102 = 1KΩ
103 = 10KΩ
503 = 50KΩ
104 = 100KΩ

LIMITED WARRANTY

Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty,
express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement.
Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and
prices at any time and without notice.

Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, licenses are
implied.

U.S. PATENTS

Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,263,664; 4,274,012; 4,300,212; 4,314,265; 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475;
4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829, 482; 4,874, 967; 4,883, 976. Foreign patents and
additional patents pending.

LIFE RELATED POLICY

In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error
detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurence.

Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems.

1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose
failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant
injury to the user.

2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.

15