The SP4425 is a high voltage output DC-AC converter that can operate from a single 1.5 VDC
power supply. The SP4425 is capable of supplying up to 220 VPP signals, making it ideal for
driving electroluminescent lamps. The device features 1 µA (typical) standby current for use
in low power portable products. One external inductor is required to generate the high voltage
charge and one external capacitor is used to select the oscillator and lamp frequencies.
The SP4425 is offered in both an 8-pin narrow SOIC and 8-pin micro SOIC package.
For delivery in die form, please consult the factory.
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at
these ratings or any other above those indicated in the operation sections
of the specifications below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability.
The information furnished herein by Sipex has been carefully reviewed for
accuracy and reliability. Its application or use, however, is solely the
responsibility of the user. No responsibility for the use of this
information is assumed by Sipex, and this information shall not explicitly or
implicitly become part of the terms and conditions of any subsequent sales
agreement with Sipex. Specifications are subject to change without prior
notice. By the sale or transfer of this information, Sipex assumes no
responsibility for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license or other proprietary rights are
granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of
Sipex Corporation.
PP
SPECIFICATIONS
(T= 25°C; VDD = 1.5V; Lamp Capacitance = 8200pFwith 1 00Ω Series resistance; Coil = 470µH at 4 Ohms; C
(T= 25°C; VDD = 3.0V; Lamp Capacitance = 4nF with 100Ω Series resistance; Coil = 2mH/44ohms; C
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This data sheet specifies environmental parameters, final test conditions and limits as well suggested operating conditions.
For applications which require performance beyond the specified condition and or limits please consult the factory.
1. Dimensions are in Microns unless otherwise noted.
2. Bonding pads are 125x125 typical.
3. Outside dimensions are maximum, including scribe area.
4. Die thickness is 10 mils +/- 1.
5. Pad center coordinates are relative to die center.
6. Die size 74 x 44 mils.
143.5-412.0
-790.0-157.5
3
Page 4
PIN DESCRIPTION
1
SP4425
2
3
4
Pin 1 – C
from VSS to Pin 1 to set C
- Capacitor input 1, connect Capacitor
OSC
OSC
8
7
6
5
frequency.
Pin 2 – VSS- Power supply common, connect to
ground.
Pin 3 – Coil- Coil input, connect coil from V
to pin 3.
DD
Pin 4 – D1- Diode Cathode connection.
– C
from pin 4 to ground to minimize coil glitch energy.
- Integrator capacitor, connect capacitor
INT
Pin 5 – Lamp- Lamp driver output2, connect to
EL lamp.
Pin 6 – Lamp- Lamp driver output1, connect to
EL lamp.
Pin 7 – VDD- Power supply for driver, connect to
system VDD.
Pin 8 – HON- Enable for driver operation,
high = active; low = inactive.
THEORY OF OPERATION
The SP4425 is made up of three basic circuit
elements, an oscillator, coil, and switched H-bridge
network. The oscillator provides the device with
an on-chip clock source used to control the charge
and discharge phases for the coil and lamp. An
external capacitor connected between pins 1 and
VSS allows the user to vary the oscillator frequency.
For a given choice of coil inductance there will be
an optimum C
maximum light output.
Capacitor value that gives the
OSC
The suggested oscillator frequency is 25.6kHz
(C
=180pF). The oscillator output is internally
OSC
divided to create the control signal for f
oscillator output is internally divided down by 6
LAMP
. The
flip flops, a 25.6kHz signal will be divided into 6
frequency levels: 12.8kHz, 6.4kHz, 3.2kHz,
1.6kHz, 800Hz, and 400Hz. The oscillator output
(25.6kHz) is used to drive the coil (see figure 2 on
page 11) and the sixth flip flop output (300Hz) is
used to drive the lamp. Although the oscillator
frequency can be varied to optimize the lamp
output, the ratio of f
COIL/fLAMP
will always equal 64.
The coil is an external component connected from
V
VDC with a 470µH/4Ω coil are typical conditions.
to pin 3 of the SP4425. V
BATTERY
BATTERY
= 1.5
Energy is stored in the coil according to the equation
EL=1/2LI2, where I is the peak current flowing in
the inductor. The current in the inductor is time
dependent and is set by the "ON" time of the coil
switch: I=(VL/L)tON, where VL is the voltage across
the inductor. At the moment the switch closes, the
current in the inductor is zero and the entire supply
voltage (minus the V
inductor. The current in the inductor will then
of the switch) is across the
SAT
ramp up at a linear rate. As the current in the
inductor builds up, the voltage across the inductor
will decrease due to the resistance of the coil and
the "ON" resistance of the switch: VL=V
IRL-V
decreasing, the current ramp-rate also decreases
. Since the voltage across the inductor is
SAT
BATTERY
-
which reduces the current in the coil at the end of
tON the energy stored in the inductor per coil cycle
and therefore the light output. The other important
issue is that maximum current (saturation current)
in the coil is set by the design and manufacturer of
the coil. If the parameters of the application such
as V
to increase beyond its rated I
will be generated and the power efficiency will
, L, RL or tON cause the current in the coil
BATTERY
, excessive heat
SAT
decrease with no additional light output.
The majority of the current goes through the coil
and typically less than 2mA is required for VDD of
the SP4425. VDD can range from 1.5V to 3.0V; it is
not necessary that VDD=V
function of the core material and winding used --
. Coils are also a
BATTERY
performance variances may be noticeable from
different coil suppliers. The Sipex SP4425 is final
tested at 1.5V using a 470µH/4Ω coil from Toko,
and a 2mH/44Ω coil from Matsushita at 3V.
For suggested coil sources see page 12.
The f
end of the coil at pin 3 to ground or to open circuit.
The f
at the oscillator frequency. During the time when
the f
V
created in the coil. During the low part of f
ground connection is switched open, the field
signal controls a switch that connects the
COIL
signal is a 90% duty cycle signal switching
COIL
signal is high, the coil is connected from
COIL
to ground and a charged magnetic field is
BATTERY
COIL
, the
collapses and the energy in the inductor is forced
to flow toward the lamp. f
charge pulses (see figure 2 on page 11) lamp, each
will send 32 of these
COIL
pulse increases the voltage drop across the lamp in
discrete steps. As the voltage potential approaches
its maximum, the steps become smaller (see figure1 on page 11).
The H-bridge consists of two SCR structures that
act as high voltage switches. These two switches
control the polarity of how the lamp is charged.
The SCR switches are controlled by the f
signal which is the oscillator frequency divided
by 64. For a 25.6kHz oscillator, f
LAMP
LAMP
=400Hz.
When the energy from the coil is released, a high
voltage spike is created triggering the SCR
switches. The direction of current flow is
determined by which SCR is enabled. One full
cycle of the H-bridge will create a voltage step
from ground to 80V (typical) on pins 5 and 6 which
are 180 degrees out of phase with each other
(see figure 3 on page 11). A differential view of
the outputs is shown in figure 4 on page 11.
Layout Considerations
The SP4425 circuit board layout must observe
careful analog precautions. For applications with
noisy power supply voltages, a 0.1µF low ESR
decoupling capacitor must be connected from Vdd
to ground. Any high voltage traces should be
isolated from any digital clock traces or enable
lines. A solid ground plane connection is strongly
recommended. All traces to the coil or to the high
voltage outputs should be kept as short as possible
to minimize capacitive coupling to digital clock
lines and to reduce EMI emissions.
Integrator Capacitor
An integrating capacitor must be placed from pin
4 (D1) to ground in order to minimize glitches
associated with switching the coil. A capacitor at
this point will collect the high voltage spikes and
will maximize the peak to peak voltage output.
High resistance EL lamps will produce more
pronounced spiking on the EL output waveform;
adding the C
and increase the voltage output at each coil step.
capacitor will minimize the peaking
INT
The value of the integrator capacitor is application
specific typical values can range from 500pF to
0.1µF. No integrator capacitor or very small values
(500pF) will have a minor effect on the output,
whereas a 0.1µF capacitor will cause the output to
charge and discharge rapidly creating a square
wave output. For most applications an 1800pF
integrator capacitor is suitable.
An EL lamp is basically a strip of plastic that is
coated with a phosphorous material which emits
light (fluoresces) when a high voltage (>40V)
which was first applied across it, is removed or
reversed. Long periods of DC voltages applied to
the material tend to breakdown the material and
reduce its lifetime. With these considerations in
mind, the ideal signal to drive an EL lamp is a high
voltage sine wave. Traditional approaches to
achieving this type of waveform included discrete
circuits incorporating a transformer, transistors,
and several resistors and capacitors. This approach
is large and bulky, and cannot be implemented in
most hand held equipment. Sipex now offers low
power single chip driver circuits specifically
designed to drive small to medium sized
electroluminescent panels if all that is required is
one external inductor fast recovery diode and two
capacitors.
Electroluminescent backlighting is ideal when used
with LCD displays, keypads, or other backlit
readouts. Its main use is to illuminate displays in
dim to dark conditions for momentary periods of
time. EL lamps typically consume less than LEDs
or bulbs making them ideal for battery powered
products. Also, EL lamps are able to evenly light
an area without creating "hot spots" in the display.
The amount of light emitted is a function of the
voltage applied to the lamp, the frequency at which
it is applied, the lamp material used and its size,
and lastly, the inductor used. Both voltage and
frequency are directly related to light output. In
other words as the voltage or the frequency of the
EL output is increased the light output will also
increase. The voltage has a much larger impact on
light output than the frequency does. For example,
an output signal of 168VPP with a frequency of
500Hz can yield 15Cd/m2, in the same application
a different EL driver could produce 170VPP with a
frequency of 450Hz and can also yield 15Cd/m2.
Variations in peak to peak voltage and variations
in lamp frequency are to be expected, light output
will also vary from device to device however
typical light output variations are usually not
visually noticeable.
There are many variables which can be optimized
for specific applications. Sipex supplies
characterization charts to aid the designer in
selecting the optimum circuit configuration
(see page 7 and 8).
The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize
specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize
specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
The following performance curves are intended to give the designer a relative scale from which to optimize
specific applications. Absolute measurements may vary depending upon the brand of components chosen.
SP4425 Total Supply Current vs. TemperatureSP4425 Lamp Frequency vs. Temperature
The coil part numbers presented in this data sheet have been qualified as being suitable for the SP4425 product.
Contact Sipex for applications assistance in choosing coil values not listed in this data sheet.
Please consult the factory for pricing and availability on a Tape-On-Reel option.
Corporation
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
22 Linnell Circle
Billerica, MA 01821
TEL: (978) 667-8700
FAX: (978) 670-9001
e-mail: sales@sipex.com
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described hereing; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.