The MIC5216 is an efficient linear voltage regulator with high
peak output current capability, very low dropout voltage, and
better than 1% output voltage accuracy. Dropout is typically
10mV at light loads and less than 500mV at full load.
The MIC5216 is designed to provide a peak output current for
startup conditions where higher inrush current is demanded.
It features a 500mA peak output rating. Continuous output
current is limited only by package and layout.
The MIC5216 has an internal undervoltage monitor with a flag
output. It also can be enabled or shutdown by a CMOS or TTL
compatible signal. When disabled, power consumption drops
nearly to zero. Dropout ground current is minimized to help
prolong battery life. Other key features include reversedbattery protection, current limiting, overtemperature shutdown, and low noise performance.
The MIC5216 is available in fixed output voltages in spacesaving SOT-23-5 and MM8™ 8-lead power MSOP packages. For higher power requirements see the MIC5209 or
MIC5237.
Ordering Information
Features
• Error Flag indicates undervoltage fault
• Guaranteed 500mA-peak output over the full operating
temperature range
• Low 500mV maximum dropout voltage at full load
• Extremely tight load and line regulation
• Tiny SOT-23-5 and MM8™ power MSOP-8 package
• Low-noise output
• Low temperature coefficient
• Current and thermal limiting
• Reversed-battery protection
• CMOS/TTL-compatible enable/shutdown control
• Near-zero shutdown current
Applications
• Laptop, notebook, and palmtop computers
• Cellular telephones and battery-powered equipment
• Consumer and personal electronics
• PC Card VCC and VPP regulation and switching
• SMPS post-regulator/dc-to-dc modules
• High-efficiency linear power supplies
Typical Applications
MIC5216-5.0BMM
V
6V
Flag
V
OUT
5V
IN
100k
1
2
3
4
1.0µF
tantalum
Part NumberMarkingVoltsJunction Temp. RangePackage
MIC5216-3.0BMM—3.0V–40°C to +125°CMSOP-8
MIC5216-3.3BMM—3.3V–40°C to +125°CMSOP-8
MIC5216-3.6BMM—3.6V–40°C to +125°CMSOP-8
MIC5216-5.0BMM—5.0V–40°C to +125°CMSOP-8
MIC5216-3.0BM5LH303.0V–40°C to +125°CSOT-23-5
MIC5216-3.3BM5LH333.3V–40°C to +125°CSOT-23-5
MIC5216-3.6BM5LH363.6V–40°C to +125°CSOT-23-5
MIC5216-5.0BM5LH505.0V–40°C to +125°CSOT-23-5
8
7
6
5
ENABLE
SHUTDOWN
MIC5216-3.3BM5
V
IN
4V
15
2
34
100k
V
OUT
3.3V
1.0µF
tantalum
Flag
5V Low-Noise Regulator
Micrel, Inc. • 1849 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 • http://www.micrel.com
3.3V Low-Noise Regulator
January 20001MIC5216
Page 2
MIC5216Micrel
Pin Configuration
EN
IN
OUT
FLG
1
2
3
4
MIC5216-x.xBMM
MM8™ MSOP-8
Fixed Voltages
GND
8
GND
7
GND
6
GND
5
EN
LHxx
45
FLG
MIC5216-x.xBM5
SOT-23-5
Fixed Voltages
GND
2
IN
13
OUT
Pin Description
Pin No.Pin No.Pin NamePin Function
MSOP-8SOT-23-5
21INSupply Input
5–82GNDGround: MSOP-8 pins 5 through 8 are internally connected.
35OUTRegulator Output
13ENEnable (Input): CMOS compatible control input. Logic high = enable; logic
low or open = shutdown.
44FLGError Flag (Output): Open-Collector output. Active low indicates an output
undervoltage condition.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Input Voltage (VIN) ............................ –20V to +20V
Power Dissipation (PD) ............................ Internally Limited
Junction Temperature (TJ) .......................–40°C to +125°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 sec.) ...................... 260°C
Operating Ratings
Supply Input Voltage (VIN) ........................... +2.5V to +12V
Enable Input Voltage (VEN) .................................. 0V to V
Junction Temperature (TJ) .......................–40°C to +125°C
Flag Thresholdundervoltage condition (below nominal)–2–6–10%
Note 8
Output Logic-Low VoltageIL = 1mA, undervoltage condition0.20.4V
Flag Leakage Currentflag off, V
= 0V to 12V–10.1+1µA
FLAG
January 20003MIC5216
Page 4
MIC5216Micrel
Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when
Note 2: Output voltage temperature coefficient is defined as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temperature range.
Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature using low duty cycle pulse testing. Parts are tested for load regulation in the load
Note 4: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 2% below its nominal value measured at 1V
Note 5: Ground pin current is the regulator quiescent current plus pass transistor base current. The total current drawn from the supply is the sum of
Note 6: VEN is the voltage externally applied to devices with the EN (enable) input pin.
Note 7: Thermal regulation is defined as the change in output voltage at a time “t” after a change in power dissipation is applied, excluding load or line
Note 8: The error flag comparator includes 3% hysteresis.
operating the device outside of its operating ratings. The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction
temperature, T
dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: P
tion will result in excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. See Table 1 and the “Thermal Considerations”
section for details.
range from 100mA to 500mA. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects are covered by the thermal regulation specification.
differential.
the load current plus the ground pin current.
regulation effects. Specifications are for a 500mA load pulse at VIN = 12V for t = 10ms.
, the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θJA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power
J(max)
D(max)
= (T
– TA) ÷θJA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipa-
J(max)
Block Diagrams
V
IN
IN
Current Limit
Threshold Shutdown
OUT
V
OUT
C
OUT
Bandgap
Ref.
V
REF
EN
FLG
Flag
60mV
Error
Comparator
MIC5216-x.xBM5/MM
GND
MIC5216 Fixed Regulator with External Components
MIC52164January 2000
Page 5
MIC5216Micrel
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
1E+11E+21E+31E+41E+51E+61E+7
PSRR (dB)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Power Supply
Rejection Ratio
I
OUT
= 100mA
C
OUT
= 1µF
VIN = 6V
V
OUT
= 5V
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
√
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
1E+11E+21E+31E+41E+51E+61E+7
NOISE (µV/√Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Typical Characteristics
Power Supply
Rejection Ratio
0
-20
VIN = 6V
V
= 5V
OUT
-40
-60
PSRR (dB)
-80
-100
1E+11E+21E+31E+41E+51E+61E+7
10
100
FREQUENCY (Hz)
I
= 100µA
OUT
C
= 1µF
OUT
1k
10k
100k
1M
Power Supply Ripple Rejection
vs. Voltage Drop
60
500mA pending
50
1mA
40
30
20
10
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
10mA
I
= 100mA
OUT
C
= 1µF
0
00.10.20.30.4
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
OUT
10M
Power Supply
Rejection Ratio
0
-20
VIN = 6V
V
= 5V
OUT
-40
-60
PSRR (dB)
-80
-100
1E+11E+21E+31E+41E+51E+61E+7
10
100
FREQUENCY (Hz)
I
= 1mA
OUT
C
= 1µF
OUT
1k
10k
100k
1M
Noise Performance
500mA Pending
10
100
10mA, C
1k
= 1µF
OUT
V
OUT
10k 100k 1M 10M
= 5V
10M
Noise Performance
10
1
Hz)
0.1
500mA Pending
0.01
NOISE (µV/
V
= 5V
OUT
0.001
C
= 10µF
OUT
electrolytic
0.0001
10
1E+11E+21E+31E+41E+51E+6 1E+7
1k
100
FREQUENCY (Hz)
100mA
1mA
10k 100k1M10M
10mA
January 20005MIC5216
Page 6
MIC5216Micrel
Applications Information
The MIC5216 is designed for 150mA to 200mA output current
applications where a high current spike (500mA) is needed
for short, startup conditions. Basic application of the device
will be discussed initially followed by a more detailed discussion of higher current applications.
Enable/Shutdown
Forcing EN (enable/shutdown) high (> 2V) enables the regulator. EN is compatible with CMOS logic. If the enable/
shutdown feature is not required, connect EN to IN (supply
input). See Figure 5.
Input Capacitor
A 1µF capacitor should be placed from IN to GND if there is
more than 10 inches of wire between the input and the ac filter
capacitor or if a battery is used as the input.
Output Capacitor
An output capacitor is required between OUT and GND to
prevent oscillation. 1µF minimum is recommended. Larger
values improve the regulator’s transient response. The output capacitor value may be increased without limit.
The output capacitor should have an ESR (equivalent series
resistance) of about 5Ω or less and a resonant frequency
above 1MHz. Ultralow-ESR capacitors could cause oscillation and/or underdamped transient response. Most tantalum
or aluminum electrolytic capacitors are adequate; film types
will work, but more expensive. Many aluminum electrolytics
have electrolytes that freeze at about –30°C, so solid tantalums are recommended for operation below –25°C.
At lower values of output current, less output capacitance is
needed for stability. The capacitor can be reduced to 0.47µF
for current below 10mA or 0.33µF for currents below 1mA.
No-Load Stability
The MIC5216 will remain stable and in regulation with no load
(other than the internal voltage divider) unlike many other
voltage regulators. This is especially important in CMOS
RAM keep-alive applications.
Error Flag Ouput
The error flag is an open-collector output and is active (low)
when an undervoltage of approximately 5% below the nominal output voltage is detected. A pullup resistor from IN to
FLAG is shown in all schematics.
If an error indication is not required, FLAG may be left open
and the pullup resistor may be omitted.
Thermal Considerations
The MIC5216 is designed to provide 200mA of continuous
current in two very small profile packages. Maximum power
dissipation can be calculated based on the output current and
the voltage drop across the part. To determine the maximum
power dissipation of the package, use the thermal resistance,
junction-to-ambient, of the device and the following basic
equation.
T – T
()
P =
D
(MAX)
J(MAX)A
θ
JA
T
is the maximum junction temperature of the die,
J(MAX)
125°C, and TA is the ambient operating temperature. θJA is
layout dependent; table 1 shows examples of thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient, for the MIC5216.
The actual power dissipation of the regulator circuit can be
determined using one simple equation.
PD = (VIN – V
Substituting P
D(MAX)
) I
OUT
+ VIN I
GND
OUT
for PD and solving for the operating
conditions that are critical to the application will give the
maximum operating conditions for the regulator circuit. For
example, if we are operating the MIC5216-3.3BM5 at room
temperature, with a minimum footprint layout, we can determine the maximum input voltage for a set output current.
°°
125 C – 25 C
P =
D(MAX)
P 455mW
D(MAX)
()
°220
C/W
=
The thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient, for the minimum footprint is 220°C/W, taken from table 1. The maximum
power dissipation number cannot be exceeded for proper
operation of the device. Using the output voltage of 3.3V, and
an output current of 150mA, we can determine the maximum
input voltage. Ground current, maximum of 3mA for 150mA
of output current, can be taken from the Electrical Characteristics section of the data sheet.
455mW = (VIN – 3.3V) 150mA + VIN × 3mA
455mW + 3.3V 150mA
V
IN
V 6.2V
INMAX
150
mA + 3mA
=
()
Therefore, a 3.3V application at 150mA of output current can
accept a maximum input voltage of 6.2V in a SOT-23-5
package. For a full discussion of heat sinking and thermal
effects on voltage regulators, refer to the Regulator Thermals
section of Micrel’s
lators
handbook.
Designing with Low-Dropout Voltage Regu-
Peak Current Applications
The MIC5216 is designed for applications where high startup currents are demanded from space constrained regulators. This device will deliver 500mA start-up current from a
SOT-23-5 or MM8 package, allowing high power from a very
low profile device. The MIC5216 can subsequently provide
output current that is only limited by the thermal characteristics of the device. You can obtain higher continuous currents
from the device with the proper design. This is easily proved
with some thermal calculations.
If we look at a specific example, it may be easier to follow. The
MIC5216 can be used to provide up to 500mA continuous
MIC52166January 2000
Page 7
MIC5216Micrel
output current. First, calculate the maximum power dissipation of the device, as was done in the thermal considerations
section. Worst case thermal resistance (θJA = 220°C/W for
the MIC5216-x.xBM5), will be used for this example.
T – T
()
P =
D
(MAX)
J(MAX)A
θ
JA
Assuming room temperature, we have a maximum power
dissipation number of
°°
125 C – 25 C
P =
D(MAX)
P 455mW
=
D
()
°220
C/W
Then we can determine the maximum input voltage for a fivevolt regulator operating at 500mA, using worst case ground
current.
P
I
V
I
= 455mW = (VIN – V
D(max)
= 500mA
OUT
= 5V
OUT
= 20mA
GND
OUT
) I
OUT
+ VIN I
GND
455mW = (VIN – 5V) 500mA + VIN × 20mA
2.995W = 520mA × V
V
IN(max)
2.955W
==
520mA
IN
5.683V
Therefore, to be able to obtain a constant 500mA output
current from the 5216-5.0BM5 at room temperature, you
need extremely tight input-output voltage differential, barely
above the maximum dropout voltage for that current rating.
You can run the part from larger supply voltages if the proper
precautions are taken. Varying the duty cycle using the
enable pin can increase the power dissipation of the device
by maintaining a lower average power figure. This is ideal for
applications where high current is only needed in short
bursts. Figure 1 shows the safe operating regions for the
MIC5216-x.xBM5 at three different ambient temperatures
and at different output currents. The data used to determine
this figure assumed a minimum footprint PCB design for
minimum heat sinking. Figure 2 incorporates the same
factors as the first figure, but assumes a much better heat
sink. A 1”square copper trace on the PC board reduces the
thermal resistance of the device. This improved thermal
resistance improves power dissipation and allows for a larger
safe operating region.
Figures 3 and 4 show safe operating regions for the MIC5216x.xBMM, the power MSOP package part. These graphs
show three typical operating regions at different temperatures. The lower the temperature, the larger the operating
region. The graphs were obtained in a similar way to the
graphs for the MIC5216-x.xBM5, taking all factors into consideration and using two different board layouts, minimum
footprint and 1” square copper PC board heat sink. (For
further discussion of PC board heat sink characteristics, refer
to Application Hint 17, “Designing PC Board Heat Sinks”.
The information used to determine the safe operating regions
can be obtained in a similar manner to that used in determining typical power dissipation, already discussed. Determining the maximum power dissipation based on the layout is the
first step, this is done in the same manner as in the previous
two sections. Then, a larger power dissipation number
multiplied by a set maximum duty cycle would give that
maximum power dissipation number for the layout. This is
best shown through an example. If the application calls for 5V
at 500mA for short pulses, but the only supply voltage
available is 8V, then the duty cycle has to be adjusted to
determine an average power that does not exceed the
maximum power dissipation for the layout.
% DC
Avg.P =
DIN
455mW =
455mW =
0.274 =
% Duty Cycle
V – V IV I
()
100
% DC
8V – 5V 500mA 8V20mA
()
100
% Duty Cycle
100
100
OUTOUT
1.66W
+
IN
GND
+×
% Duty Cycle Max = 7.4%2
With an output current of 500mA and a three-volt drop across
the MIC5216-xxBMM, the maximum duty cycle is 27.4%.
Applications also call for a set nominal current output with a
greater amount of current needed for short durations. This is
a tricky situation, but it is easily remedied. Calculate the
average power dissipation for each current section, then add
the two numbers giving the total power dissipation for the
regulator. For example, if the regulator is operating normally
at 50mA, but for 12.5% of the time it operates at 500mA
output, the total power dissipation of the part can be easily
determined. First, calculate the power dissipation of the
device at 50mA. We will use the MIC5216-3.3BM5 with 5V
input voltage as our example.
However, this is continuous power dissipation, the actual
on-time for the device at 50mA is (100%-12.5%) or 87.5% of
the time, or 87.5% duty cycle. Therefore, PD must be
multiplied by the duty cycle to obtain the actual average
power dissipation at 50mA.
PD × 50mA = 0.875 × 173mW
PD × 50mA = 151mW
The power dissipation at 500mA must also be calculated.
This number must be multiplied by the duty cycle at which it
would be operating, 12.5%.
PD × = 0.125 × 950mW
PD × = 119mW
January 20007MIC5216
Page 8
MIC5216Micrel
10
8
6
4
400mA
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
2
0
0 20406080100
DUTY CYCLE (%)
100mA
200mA
300mA
500mA
10
8
6
4
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
2
400mA
0
0 20406080100
100mA
200mA
300mA
500mA
DUTY CYCLE (%)
10
8
6
4
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
2
0
0 20406080100
100mA
200mA
500mA
400mA
DUTY CYCLE (%)
a. 25°C Ambientb. 50°C Ambientc. 85°C Ambient
Figure 1. MIC5216-x.xBM5 (SOT-23-5) on Minimum Recommended Footprint
10
8
6
4
400mA
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
2
0
0 20406080100
DUTY CYCLE (%)
100mA
200mA
300mA
500mA
10
8
6
4
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
2
400mA
0
0 20406080100
DUTY CYCLE (%)
100mA
200mA
300mA
500mA
10
8
6
4
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
2
400mA
0
0 20406080100
100mA
500mA
DUTY CYCLE (%)
a. 25°C Ambientb. 50°C Ambientc. 85°C Ambient
Figure 2. MIC5216-x.xBM5 (SOT-23-5) on 1-inch2 Copper Cladding
300mA
200mA
300mA
10
8
6
4
400mA
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
2
0
0 20406080100
500mA
DUTY CYCLE (%)
100mA
200mA
300mA
10
8
6
4
400mA
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
2
0
0 20406080100
100mA
200mA
300mA
500mA
DUTY CYCLE (%)
10
8
6
4
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
2
400mA
0
0 20406080100
100mA
500mA
DUTY CYCLE (%)
a. 25°C Ambientb. 50°C Ambientc. 85°C Ambient
Figure 3. MIC5216-x.xBMM (MSOP-8) on Minimum Recommended Footprint
10
8
6
4
2
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
0
0 20406080100
400mA
DUTY CYCLE (%)
200mA
300mA
500mA
10
8
6
400mA
4
2
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
0
0 20406080100
DUTY CYCLE (%)
200mA
300mA
500mA
10
8
6
4
400mA
2
VOLTAGE DROP (V)
0
0 20406080100
500mA
DUTY CYCLE (%)
a. 25°C Ambientb. 50°C Ambientc. 85°C Ambient
Figure 4. MIC5216-x.xBMM (MSOP-8) on 1-inch2 Copper Cladding
200mA
300mA
100mA
200mA
300mA
MIC52168January 2000
Page 9
MIC5216Micrel
The total power dissipation of the device under these conditions is the sum of the two power dissipation figures.
P
P
P
= PD × 50mA + PD × 500mA
D(total)
= 151mW + 119mW
D(total)
= 270mW
D(total)
The total power dissipation of the regulator is less than the
maximum power dissipation of the SOT-23-5 package at
room temperature, on a minimum footprint board and therefore would operate properly.
Multilayer boards with a ground plane, wide traces near the
pads, and large supply-bus lines will have better thermal
conductivity.
For additional heat sink characteristics, please refer to Micrel
Application Hint 17, “Designing P.C. Board Heat Sinks”,
included in Micrel’s
Databook
. For a full discussion of heat
sinking and thermal effects on voltage regulators, refer to
Regulator Thermals section of Micrel’s
Dropout Voltage Regulators
handbook.
Designing with Low-
Fixed Regulator Circuits
V
IN
INOUT
ENFLG
100k
MIC5216
GND
V
1µF
OUT
Figure 5. Low-Noise Fixed Voltage Regulator
Figure 5 shows a basic MIC5216-x.xBMx fixed-voltage regulator circuit. A 1µF minimum output capacitor is required for
basic fixed-voltage applications.
The flag output is an open-collector output and requires a
pull-up resistor to the input voltage. The flag indicates an
undervoltage condition on the output of the device.
January 20009MIC5216
Page 10
MIC5216Micrel
Package Information
0.122 (3.10)
0.112 (2.84)
0.036 (0.90)
0.032 (0.81)
0.012 (0.03)
0.0256 (0.65) TYP
1.90 (0.075) REF
0.95 (0.037) REF
3.02 (0.119)
2.80 (0.110)
0.199 (5.05)
0.187 (4.74)
0.120 (3.05)
0.116 (2.95)
0.043 (1.09)
0.038 (0.97)
0.008 (0.20)
0.004 (0.10)
8-Pin MSOP (MM)
1.75 (0.069)
1.50 (0.059)
1.30 (0.051)
0.90 (0.035)
0.012 (0.30) R
5° MAX
0° MIN
3.00 (0.118)
2.60 (0.102)
10°
0°
DIMENSIONS:
INCH (MM)
0.039 (0.99)
0.035 (0.89)
0.021 (0.53)
DIMENSIONS:
MM (INCH)
0.007 (0.18)
0.005 (0.13)
0.012 (0.03) R
0.20 (0.008)
0.09 (0.004)
0.50 (0.020)
0.35 (0.014)
0.15 (0.006)
0.00 (0.000)
SOT-23-5 (M5)
0.60 (0.024)
0.10 (0.004)
MIC521610January 2000
Page 11
MIC5216Micrel
January 200011MIC5216
Page 12
MIC5216Micrel
MICREL INC.1849 FORTUNE DRIVESAN JOSE, CA 95131USA
TEL + 1 (408) 944-0800 FAX + 1 (408) 944-0970 WEB http://www.micrel.com
This information is believed to be accurate and reliable, however no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use nor for any infringement of patents or
other rights of third parties resulting from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent right of Micrel Inc.