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TL/H/7893
LM1815 Adaptive Variable Reluctance Sensor Amplifier
February 1995
LM1815 Adaptive Variable Reluctance Sensor Amplifier
General Description
The LM1815 is an adaptive sense amplifier and default gating circuit for motor control applications. The sense amplifier provides a one-shot pulse output whose leading edge
coincides with the negative-going zero crossing of a ground
referenced input signal such as from a variable reluctance
magnetic pick-up coil.
In normal operation, this timing reference signal is processed (delayed) externally and returned to the LM1815. A logic
input is then able to select either the timing reference or the
processed signal for transmission to the output driver stage.
The adaptive sense amplifier operates with a positive-going
threshold which is derived by peak detecting the incoming
signal and dividing this down. Thus the input hysteresis varies with input signal amplitude. This enables the circuit to
sense in situations where the high speed noise is greater
than the low speed signal amplitude. Minimum input signal
is 100 mVp-p.
Features
Y
Adaptive hysteresis
Y
Single supply operation
Y
Ground referenced input
Y
True zero crossing timing reference
Y
Operates from 2V to 12V supply voltage
Y
Handles inputs from 100 mV to over 120V with external
resistor
Y
CMOS compatible logic
Applications
Y
Position sensing with notched wheels
Y
Zero crossing switch
Y
Motor speed control
Y
Tachometer
Y
Engine testing
Connection Diagram
TL/H/7893– 1
Top View
Order Number LM1815M or LM1815N
See NS Package Number M14A or N14A
Truth Table
Signal Input Timing Gated
Input Select Input Output
Pulses L X Pulses
X H Pulses Pulses
C
1995 National Semiconductor Corporation RRD-B30M115/Printed in U. S. A.
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Absolute Maximum Ratings
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales
Office/Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage 12V
Power Dissipation (Note 1) 1250 mW
Operating Temperature Range
b
40§Ctoa125§C
Storage Temperature Range
b
65§Ctoa150§C
Junction Temperature (Note 2)
a
125§C
Input Current
g
30 mA
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) 260
§
C
Electrical Characteristics (T
A
e
25§C, V
CC
e
10V, unless otherwise specified, see
Figure 1
)
Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Operating Supply Voltage 2.5 10 12 V
Supply Current f
IN
e
500 Hz, Pin 9e2V,
3.6 6 mA
Pin 11
e
0.8V
Reference Pulse Width f
IN
e
1 Hz to 2 kHz 70 100 130 ms
Input Bias Current V
IN
e
2V, (Pin 9 and Pin 11) 5 mA
Input Bias Current V
IN
e
0V dc, (Pin 3) 200 nA
Input Impedance V
IN
e
5 Vrms, (Note 3) 12 20 28 kX
Zero Crossing Threshold V
IN
e
100 mVp-p, (Pin 3) 25 mV
Logic Threshold (Pin 9 and Pin 11) 0.8 1.1 2.0 V
V
OUT
High R
L
e
1kX, (Pin 10) 7.5 8.6 V
V
OUT
Low I
SINK
e
0.1 mA, (Pin 10) 0.3 0.4 V
Input Arming Threshold Pin 5 Open, V
IN
s
135 mVp-p 30 45 60 mV
Pin 5 Open, V
IN
t
230 mVp-p 40 80 90 % of V3Pk
Pin5toV
a
200 mV
Pin 5 to Gnd
b
25 25 mV
Output Leakage Pin 12 V
12
e
11V 0.01 10 mA
Saturation Voltage P12 I
12
e
2 mA 0.2 0.4 V
Note 1: For operation at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated based on a 125§C maximum junction temperature and a thermal resistance of 80§C/W
(DIP), 120
§
C/W (SO-14) junction to ambient.
Note 2: Temporary excursions to 150
§
C can be tolerated.
Note 3: Measured at input to external 18 k X resistor. IC contains 1 kX in series with a diode to attenuate the input signal.
TL/H/7893– 2
FIGURE 1. LM1815 Adaptive Sense Amplifier
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Schematic Diagram
TL/H/7893– 4
3
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TL/H/7893– 3
FIGURE 2. LM1815 Oscillograms
Application Hints
Input Clamp
The signal input at pin 3 is internally clamped. Current limit
is provided by an external resistor which should be selected
to allow a peak current of 3 mA in normal operation. Positive
inputs are clamped bya1kXresistor and series diode,
while an active clamp limits pin 3 to
b
350 mV for negative
inputs (see R4, Q12, Q11 in internal schematic diagram).
Operation of Zero Crossing Detector
The LM1815 is designed to operate as a zero crossing detector, triggering an internal one shot on the negative-going
edge of the input signal. Unlike other zero crossing detectors, the LM1815 cannot be triggered until the input signal
has crossed an ‘‘arming’’ threshold on the positive-going
portion of the waveform. The arming circuit is reset when
the chip is triggered, and subsequent zero crossings are
ignored until the arming threshold is exceeded again. This
threshold varies depending on the connection at pin 5.
Three different modes of operation are possible:
MODE 1, Pin 5 open. The adaptive mode is selected by
leaving pin 5 open circuit. For input signals of less than
135 mVp-p, the input arming threshold is typically 45 mV.
Under these conditions the input signal must first cross the
45 mV threshold in the positive direction to arm the zero
crossing detector, and then cross zero in the negative direction to trigger it. If the signal is less than 30 mV peak (minimum rating in Electrical Characteristics), the one shot is
guaranteed to not trigger.
Input signals of greater than 230 mVp-p cause the arming
threshold to track at 80% of the peak input voltage. A peak
detector (pin 7) stores a value relative to the positive input
peaks to establish the arming threshold. Input signals must
exceed this threshold in the positive direction to arm the
zero crossing detector, which can then be triggered by a
negative-going zero crossing. The peak detector tracks rap-
idly as the input signal amplitude increases, and decays by
virtue of the resistor connected externally at pin 7 to track
decreases in the input signal.
Note that since the input is clamped, the waveform observed at pin 3 is not identical to the waveform observed at
the variable reluctance sensor. Similarly, the voltage stored
at pin 7 is not identical to the peak voltage appearing at
pin 3.
MODE 2, Pin 5 connected to V
a
. The input arming threshold is fixed at 200 mV minimum when pin 5 is connected to
the positive supply. The chip has no output for signals of
less than 200 mV peak, and triggers on the next negativegoing zero crossing when the threshold is exceeded.
MODE 3, Pin 5 grounded. With pin 5 grounded, the input
arming threshold is set to 0V (
g
25 mV maximum). Positivegoing zero crossings arm the chip, and the next negative
zero crossing triggers it.
The one shot timing is set by a resistor and capacitor connected to pin 14. The output pulse width is
pulse width
e
0.673 RC (1)
In some systems it is necessary to externally generate pulses, such as during stall conditions when the variable reluctance sensor has no output. External pulse inputs at pin 9
are gated through to pin 10 when Input Select (pin 11) is
pulled high. Pin 12 is a direct output for the one shot and is
unaffected by the status of pin 11.
Input/output pins 9, 11, 10 and 12 are all CMOS logic compatible. In addition, pins 9, 11 and 12 are TTL compatible.
Pin 10 is not guaranteed to drive a TTL load.
Pins 1, 4, 6 and 13 have no internal connections and can be
grounded.
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
14-Lead Small Outline Integrated Circuit (M)
Order Number LM1815M
NS Package Number M14A
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LM1815 Adaptive Variable Reluctance Sensor Amplifier
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)
Order Number LM1815N
NS Package Number N14A
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