FA5331P(M) and FA5332P(M) are control ICs for a power
factor correction system. These ICs use the average current
control system to ensure stable operation. With this system, a
power factor of 99% or better can be achieved.
FA5331P(M) is a 1st generation IC and FA5332P(M) is 2nd
generation IC which light-load characteristics are improved.
■ Features
• Drive circuit for connecting a power MOS-FET(Io = ±1.5A)
• Pulse-by-pulse overcurrent and overvoltage limiting function
• Output ON/OFF control function by external signals
• External synchronizing signal terminal for synchronous
operation with other circuits
• Undervoltage malfunction prevention function
• Low standby current (90µA typical) for simple start-up circuit
• 16-pin package (DIP/SOP)
• ±2% accuracy reference voltage for setting DC output and
overvoltage protection [FA5332P(M) only]
• When there is a possibility of light-load operation,
FA5332P(M) is suitable.
■ Block diagram
■ Dimensions, mm
Á SOP-16
16
1
0.40
10.06
±0.1
9
8
1.27
Á DIP-16
FA5331P
16
1
0.81
19.4
±0.2
1.5
5.5
8
±0.3
7.8
+0.1
–0.05
0.20
0.7
0~10˚
9
6.5
2.0
PinPinDescription
No.symbol
1IFBCurrent error amplifier output
2IIN–Inverting input to current error amplifier
3VDETMultiplier input
4OVPOvervoltage protection input
5VFBVoltage error amplifier output
6VIN–Inverting input to voltage error amplifier
7GNDGround
8OUTOutput
9VCPower supply to output circuit
10VCCPower supply
11CSSoft-start
12ON/OFFOutput ON/OFF control input
13REFReference voltage
14SYNCOscillator synchronization input
15CTOscillator timing capacitor and resistor
16IDETNon-inverting input to current error amplifier
±0.25
2.54
FA5332P
16
1
0.71
±0.25
2.54
19.2
1.3
0.5
9
8
0.48
±0.1
±0.1
3.4
0.2min
6.3
3.6
0.51min
4.3max
3.1min
0~15˚
5.06max
2.54min
0~15˚
7.6
7.62
0~15˚
0.25
0~15˚
0.3
+0.1
–0.05
+0.1
–0.05
1
■ Absolute maximum ratings
ItemSymbolRatingUnit
FA5331P(M)FA5332P(M)
Supply voltageVCC, VC3030V
Output currentIO±1.5±1.5A
Input voltageVSYNC, VON/OFF, VVIN– –0.3 to +5.3–0.3 to +5.3V
VVDET, VOVP
VIDET–10.0 to +5.3–10.0 to +5.3V
Total power dissipation Pd850 (DIP-16) *1850 (DIP-16) *1mW
(Ta=25°C)650 (SOP-16) *2650 (SOP-16) *
Operating temperatureTopr–30 to +85–30 to +85°C
Storage temperatureTstg–40 to +150–40 to +150°C
Frequency variation 1 (due to supply voltage change)fdVVCC=10 to 30V113%
Frequency variation 1 (due to temperature change)f
Output peak voltageVOSC3.553.55V
Synchronizing input peak voltageVSYNC
dT
Ta=–30 to +85°C558%
SYNC terminal voltage
1.51.5V
Voltage error amplifier section
ItemSymbolTest conditionFA5331P(M)FA5332P(M)Unit
Min.Typ. Max. Min.Typ. Max.
Reference voltageVr1.481.541.601.519 1.550 1.581 V
Input bias currentIBE–500 –50–500 –50nA
Open-loop voltage gainAVE8080dB
Output voltageVOE+No load3.53.83.53.8V
This section outputs sawtooth waves oscillating between 0.15
and 3.55V using the capacitor charge and discharge
characteristics. Figure 1 shows how to connect the required
external components to this circuit. The oscillation frequency
is determined by the C
between the C
T and RT values is shown in characteristic
curves. Pin 14 (SYNC) is a synchronizing input terminal
whose threshold voltage is about 1V. As Fig. 1 shows, input
rectangular synchronizing signal waves to pin 14 through an
RC circuit. Set the free-running frequency about 10% lower
than the synchronizing signal frequency. Connect a clamp
diode (D1) to prevent an unwanted current inside the IC.
2. Voltage error amplifier and overvoltage limiting circuit
The voltage error amplifier forms a voltage feedback loop to
keep the output voltage stable. The positive input terminal of
this amplifier is connected to the reference voltage (Vr). Fig. 2
shows how to connect the required external components to
this circuit.
The output voltage (Vo) is as follows:
Connect a resistor and a capacitor in parallel across error
amplifier output pin 5 and error amplifier negative input pin
6 to set the voltage gain (Av).
The Av value is as follows:
Av =
R3 ( 1 + jω C1 • R4 )
R4
...............................(2)
Error amplifier cutoff frequency (fc) is as follows:
If 100 or 120Hz ripples appear at the error amplifier output, the
active filter does not operate stably. To ensure stable
operation, set the fc value to about 1Hz.
An overvoltage detection comparator (C1) is built in to limit the
voltage if the output voltage exceeds the design value. The
reference input voltage (Vp) is as follows:
The connections shown in Fig. 2 limit the output voltage to α
times the design value.
C1
OVP
F.F
4
Vp
Fig. 2 Voltage error amplifier and overvoltage limiting circuit
5
3. Current error amplifier and overcurrent limiting circuit
PWM
VREF
_
+
A2
F.F
Vocp
2
1
4
16
Rn
Cn
RC
5k
RB
15k
5V
C2
C3
C2
Vm
RA10k
R5
comparator
Current
detection
MUL
CURR.AMP
OPC
G1
(dB)
Voltage gain
ZP
Frequency
The current error amplifier forms a current loop to change the
input circuit current into sinusoidal waves. As Fig. 3 shows, the
multiplier output is connected to pin 2 (IIN –) through a resistor
(RA) to input the reference current signal. Pin 16 (IDET) is a
current input terminal. Design the circuit so that the voltage at
pin 16 will be within the range from 0 (GND potential) to –1.0V.
Connect a phase correction resistor and capacitors across pin
1 (amplifier output) and pin 2. See Fig. 4 for the expected gain
characteristics of the circuit shown in Fig. 3.
Here,
The voltage gain (G1) between Z and P of the circuit (gain
between pins 16 and 1) is given as follows:
G1 = 20 • log
{ 0.75 (
10
R5
RA
+ 1) }
....................(7)
Ensure an adequate phase margin by selecting C1 and C2 so
that the p/z ratio is about 10. The current error amplifier output
is used as an input to the comparator for PWM.
The overcurrent detection comparator (C2) limits an
overcurrent. The threshold voltage for overcurrent detection at
pin 16 is –1.15V for FA5331 and –1.10V for FA5332. Connect
noise filters Rn and Cn to prevent the voltage at pin 16 from
fluctuating due to noise, causing the comparator to malfunction.
For Rn, select a resistor of up to 100Ω for FA5331 and up to
27Ω for FA5332. (See P64, 4. No-load operation )
4. Comparator for PWM
Figure 5 shows the comparator for PWM. When the oscillator
output (Va) is smaller than the current error amplifier output
(Vc), the comparator output is high and the output ON signal is
generated at pin 8. Pin 11 (CS) is a terminal for soft start. This
terminal charges capacitor C4 with the internal constant current
(10µA) for a soft start. Priority is given to Vb and Vc whichever
is lower.
Fig. 3 Current error amplifier and overcurrent limiting circuit
Fig. 4 Voltage gain-frequency
CURR.AMP(A2) output Vc
Oscillator output Va
CS
11
Vb
C4
Fig. 5 PWM comparator
C3
PWM comparator
10µA
5. Multiplier
The multiplier generates a reference current signal. Input a
fully rectified sinusoidal signal voltage into pin 3 (VDET).
Design the circuit to keep the peak voltage at pin 3 within a
range from 0.65V to 2V for FA5331 and 0.65V to 2.4V for
FA5332. The multiplier output voltage (Vm) is roughly given as
follows (see Fig. 6):
Vm = 1.25 – (Ve –1.55) • Vs.................................... (8)
As Fig. 3 shows Vm is internally connected to pin 2 (IIN–) of the
current error amplifier A2 through a 10kΩ resistor. (See the
characteristic curve, page 66 for the input and output
characteristics of the multiplier.)
R7
R6
V
IN
ER.AMP(A1) output
Ve
Vm
3
Vs
Fig. 6 Multiplier
MUL
6
FA5331P(M)/FA5332P(M)
6. ON/OFF control input circuit
Figure 7 shows the ON/OFF control input circuit. If pin 12 is set
to the high level (enable), this IC outputs pulses from the OUT
pin. If pin 12 is set to the low level (disable), the internal bias
power (reference voltage) goes off and the IC current
consumption becomes about 1/10 that of its ON state. The
output level of pin 11 (CS for soft start) also goes low.
7. Output circuit
As Fig. 8 shows, pin 9 is configured as the high power terminal
(VC), independent of the IC power terminal (VCC). This pin
allows an independent drive resistance when the power
MOSFET is ON and OFF. If the drive resistances in the ON and
OFF states are Rg (on) and Rg (off), the following formulas can
be used to determine the total gate resistance
Rg:
In the standby state, the output level of pin 8 is held low.
If the potential at the drain terminal of the power MOSFET
fluctuates, the gate-drain capacitance may drive the IC output
voltage at pin 8 to below 0. Once the voltage at pin 8 reaches
–0.6V, an unwanted current flows in the IC and a large abnormal
current flows in the output circuit when the output transistor is
turned on. To prevent this, connect a Schottky diode across the
gate and source of the power MOSFET.
ON/OFF
12
1k
100k
Fig. 7 ON/OFF control input circuit
VCC
GND
10
9
8
7
Rg1
Rg2
Schottky
+
Pin7
diode
Cv
Vcc
10µA
Fig. 8 Output circuit
7
■ Design advice
Vrp =
Io
ωoC
1610
7
CA
RA
RS
Vcc
AC input
DB1
L
REG
C
FA5331/FA5332
Io
1. Start circuit
Figure 9 shows a sample start circuit. Since the IC current
while the Vcc pin voltage rises from 0V to V
90µA (typ.), the power loss in resistor R
additional winding is prepared in the voltage step-up inductor
(L), power to the control circuit can be supplied from this
circuit. However, the voltage must be stabilized by a regulator
circuit (REG) to prevent an excess rise of the IC supply voltage
(Vcc). Use fast or ultra-fast rectifier diodes for the rectifier circuit
(DB1) of the winding for high-frequency operation.
2. Current sensing resistor
The current sensing resistor (Rs) detects the current in the
inductor. Rs is used to make the input current sinusoidal. The
current in the inductor produces a negative voltage across Rs.
The voltage is input to IC pin 16 (IDET). Determine the value
of Rs so that the peak voltage of the IDET pin is –1V.
THON is as small as
A is small. If an
FA5331P(M)/FA5332P(M)
Fig. 9 Start circuit
Rs =
Vin: Minimum AC input voltage (effective value) [V]
Pin: Maximum input power [W]
Since the threshold voltage of the overcurrent limiting circuit
(pin 16) is –1.15V for FA5311 for and –1.10V for FA5332, the
peak input current limit (ip) is determined by:
Figure 9 shows the basic circuit of a voltage step-up type
converter which is used as a power factor correction.
(a) Output voltage
For stable operation, set the output voltage to be 10V or more
over the peak value of the maximum input voltage. When
using this IC for an active filter, set the output voltage (Vo) as
follows:
Vo ≥ √ 2 • Vin + 10V
Vin: Maximum AC input voltage [V]
(effective value of sinusoidal wave)
............................................(13)
(b) Voltage step-up inductor
When using a voltage step-up converter in continuous current
mode, the ratio of inductor current ripple to the input peak
current is set to about 20%. Determine the inductance as
follows:
2
Vin
L ≥
Vin: Minimum AC input voltage (effective value) [V]
γ : Ratio of inductor current ripple (peak to peak value) to the
fs: Switching frequency [Hz]
Pin: Converter’s maximum input power [W]
As the characteristic curves on page 66 show, the peak
voltage at pin 3 should be at least 0.65V, even when the AC
input voltage is minimal. Considering this, determine R6 and
R7 shown in Fig. 6.
( Vo – √ 2 • Vin )
γ • fs • Pin • Vo
input peak current (about 0.2)
................................(14)
Example: FA5332
When Vin is 85V and Pin is 300W, the formulas of (11)
and (12) can be calculated as:
Rs =
ip =
85
√ 2 • 300
1.10
0.2
= 0.2 [ Ω ]
= 5.5 [ A ]
And,
√ 2 • 85 •
R6
R6 + R7
= 0.65 [ V ]
If R6 is set to 2.7kΩ to satisfy these formulas, R7 becomes
480kΩ.
Example:
When Vin is 85V, Vo is 385V, and γ is 0.2, the formula of (14)
can be calculated as:
L ≥
2.48 ✕ 10
fs • Pin
4
.........................................(15)
[ H ]
(c) Smoothing capacitor
When a voltage step-up converter is used in a power factor
correction circuit, the input current waveform is regulated to be
in-phase with the input voltage waveform. Therefore, ripple
noise of twice the input line frequency appears at the output.
The output voltage (υ
υo = Vo –
Vo:Average output voltage
Io: Output current
ωo:2π fo (fo: Input power frequency, 50 or 60Hz)
C: Smoothing capacitor value
2 • ωo •C
o) is represented as:
Io
• Sin 2 ω
o t
...................(16)
Therefore, the peak-to-peak value of the output ripple voltage
Vrp is given by:
Using formula (17), determine the necessary C value.
8
FA5331P(M)/FA5332P(M)
4. No-load operation
The following condition should be meet to prevent from
overvoltage and audible noise during no-load or light-load
operation.
R
13 REF
OFST
For FA5331 (Fig.10)
0.85•움 ≤ R
where, 움=
OFST(kΩ)≤ 움
(3.5•103–0.26•Rn)•12
42+0.26•Rn
and, Rn ≤ 100Ω
X: don’t connect.
and, R
•You must not connect R
X which reduces DC gain of current
error amplifier.
•You can connect R
5 which is series with capacitor C3.
For FA5332 (Fig.11)
≤ 27Ω
R
n
X: don’t connect.
and, R
•You must not connect R
X which reduces DC gain of current
error amplifier.
•You can connect R
•If you connect R
5 which is series with capacitor C3.
OFST, dead time of AC input current will
extend.
5. How to prevent from intermittent switching of low
frequency
An intermittent switching, which frequency is lower than 10Hz,
occurs in some applications.
In this case, it is possible to prevent from this intermittent
switching to reduce feedback gain by decreasing the
resistance of R4. (See Fig. 2)
You must check the effect thoroughly because this intermittent
switching depends on load, temperature and input condition.
Rx
Current
detection
Rx
Current
detection
Rn
Rn
R5
R5
R
C3
C3
OFST
C2
Cn
Fig.10
C2
Cn
Fig.11
2
IIN–
FA5331
1
IFB
16
IDET
13 REF
2
IIN–
FA5332
1
IFB
16
IDET
9
■ Characteristic curves (Ta = 25°C)
RT [kΩ]
fosc [kHz]
10
20
50
100
200
10
50
20
100
C
T=330pF
C
T=470pF
C
T=680pF
Oscillation frequency (fOSC) vs.
timing resistor resistance (R
FA5331FA5332
T)
FA5331P(M)/FA5332P(M)
Oscillation frequency (f
OSC) vs.
ambient temperature (Ta)
FA5331FA5332
78
77
76
75
74
73
fosc [kHz]
72
71
70
69
68
Output duty cycle vs. CS terminal voltage (V
CS)ON/OFF control terminal current vs.
ON/OFF control terminal voltage
0
–20204080
–40
Ta [˚C]
Vcc=18V
T=470pF
C
R
T=22kΩ
60
100
10
FA5331P(M)/FA5332P(M)
IIN– terminal voltage vs. VDET terminal voltage
Multiplier I/O
FA5331FA5332
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
VFB=1.5V
VFB=1.6V
VFB=1.7V
0.6
IIN– terminal voltage [V]
IIN– terminal voltage [V]
0.4
0.2
0
IDET terminal voltage vs. IIN– terminal voltage
Normal operation
FA5331FA5332
0
–0.5
–1.0
IDET terminal voltage [V]
0.5
1.0
IDET terminal voltage [V]
VFB=2.5V
VFB=3.0V
VFB=3.5V
0.8
0.41.21.62.4
0
VFB=2.0V
2
VDET terminal voltage [V]
0
–1.5
0
0.5
IIN– terminal voltage [V]
H-level output voltage (V
output source current (I
1.01.5
1.5
0
0.5
IIN– terminal voltage [V]
) vs.L-level output voltage(VOL) vs.
OH
)output sink current (I
SOURCE
SINK
1.01.5
)
11
Overcurrent limiting threshold voltage vs.
ambient temperature (Ta)
FA5331FA5332
–1.08
–1.09
–1.1
–1.11
–1.12
Overcurrent limiting threshold voltage [V]
–1.13
FA5331P(M)/FA5332P(M)
0
–20204080
–40
Ta [˚C]
Vcc=18V
60
100
OVP terminal threshold voltage vs.
ambient temperature (Ta)
FA5331FA5332
1.67
1.66
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.62
OVP terminal threshold voltage [V]
1.61
–40
Supply current (I
) vs. supply voltage (VCC)Supply current (ICC) vs. supply voltage (VCC)
CC
Normal operationOFF mode
Vcc=18V
0
–20204080
60
Ta [˚C]
100
12
FA5331P(M)/FA5332P(M)
■ Application circuit
Á Example of FA5331 application circuit
Á Example of FA5332 application circuit
Parts tolerances characteristics are not defined in the circuit design sample shown above. When designing an actual circuit for a product, you
must determine parts tolerances and characteristics for safe and economical operation.
13
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