Danfoss T90 055, T90 075, T90 100 User guide
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Size 055/075/100
www.danfoss.com
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Revision history Table of revisions
Date Changed Rev
March 2022 Updated Mating pump requirements 0306
August 2021 Updated Operating Parameters 0304
February 2021 Corrected Size 100 HCEDC on Installation Drawings. 0203
September 2020 Updated an introduction. 0202
August 2020 Updated HCEDC in Control Options. 0201
July 2020 Added drawings of HCEDC Size 075 and 100. 0109
July 2020 Updated Model Code M, T and W. 0108
April 2020 Changed document number from 'BC00000063' to 'BC152886484177', updated Installation
drawings
March 2020 5th edition - fixed value of input speed 0106
February 2020 4th edition - added HCEDC 0105
January 2019 3rd edition 0104
September 2014 2nd edition BA
February 2012 1st edition AA
0107
2 | © Danfoss | March 2022 BC152886484177en-000306
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Contents
General Description
T90 Family of Pumps....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
PLUS+1 Compliant Controls and Sensors................................................................................................................................5
Design...................................................................................................................................................................................................6
Pictorial Circuit Diagram................................................................................................................................................................7
System Schematic (with PL function)........................................................................................................................................7
Technical Specifications
General Specifications.................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Features and Options......................................................................................................................................................................8
Operating Parameters.....................................................................................................................................................................9
Fluid Specifications..........................................................................................................................................................................9
Operating Parameters
Overview........................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Input Speed......................................................................................................................................................................................10
Independent Braking System....................................................................................................................................................10
System Pressure..............................................................................................................................................................................10
Servo Pressure.................................................................................................................................................................................11
Charge Pressure..............................................................................................................................................................................11
Case Pressure...................................................................................................................................................................................11
External Shaft Seal Pressure....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Temperature and Viscosity.........................................................................................................................................................12
System Design Parameters
Filtration System.............................................................................................................................................................................13
Filtration Options...........................................................................................................................................................................13
Suction filtration - Option S.................................................................................................................................................. 13
Charge pressure filtration (partial charge pump flow)............................................................................................... 14
Remote charge pressure filtration......................................................................................................................................14
Fluid selection................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Reservoir............................................................................................................................................................................................15
Case Drain.........................................................................................................................................................................................15
Pump Life..........................................................................................................................................................................................15
Charge Pump...................................................................................................................................................................................15
Charge pump sizing/selection.............................................................................................................................................16
Bearing Loads and Life.................................................................................................................................................................16
Applications with external shaft loads..............................................................................................................................16
Understanding and Minimizing System Noise....................................................................................................................17
Sizing Equations............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Mounting Flange Loads...............................................................................................................................................................19
Master Model Code
Model Code (R-Size-M-P-J)......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Model Code (G-N-F-L-H)..............................................................................................................................................................23
Model Code (T-W-Y/Z-K)..............................................................................................................................................................24
Control Options
3-Position Electric Control(FNR), Options: DD.....................................................................................................................25
Response time........................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Manual Displacement Control (MDC), Options: MA, MS, LU, LW..................................................................................27
Features and Benefits..............................................................................................................................................................27
External Control Handle Requirements............................................................................................................................27
MDC with Neutral Start Switch (NSS)................................................................................................................................ 28
High Current Electric Displacement Control (HCEDC); Options A4, A5......................................................................29
EDC Control Signal Requirements......................................................................................................................................29
Connectors..................................................................................................................................................................................30
EDC solenoid data.................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Features and Options
Multi-Function Valves...................................................................................................................................................................31
Overpressure protection........................................................................................................................................................31
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Danfoss | March 2022 BC152886484177en-000306 | 3
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Contents
Pressure limiting function..................................................................................................................................................... 31
Bypass Function........................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Auxiliary Mounting Pads............................................................................................................................................................. 32
Mating pump requirements................................................................................................................................................. 32
Displacement Limiter................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Shaft Torque.....................................................................................................................................................................................34
Shaft torque and spline lubrication................................................................................................................................... 34
Shaft torque for tapered shafts............................................................................................................................................34
Shaft Availability and Torque Ratings.....................................................................................................................................35
Tapered Shaft Customer Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................35
Charge Pump...................................................................................................................................................................................36
Charge pump sizing/selection.............................................................................................................................................36
Charge pump flow and power curves...............................................................................................................................36
Speed Sensor...................................................................................................................................................................................38
Connector Pin Assignments.......................................................................................................................................................39
Installation Drawings
Frame Size 055 : MDC................................................................................................................................................................... 40
Frame Size 075 : MDC................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Frame Size 100 : MDC................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Frame Size 075 : HCEDC...............................................................................................................................................................43
Frame Size 100 : HCEDC...............................................................................................................................................................44
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Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
General Description
T90 Family of Pumps
Danfoss T90 variable pump is on the base of S90 variable pump, combined with Danfoss’s the global
application of experience and the latest technology to develop a new axial piston variable pump, it can
cooperate T90 motor or other hydraulic products of hydraulic drive system to achieve the fluid
transmission and control, mainly used in closed system.
Currently, Danfoss T90 products not only for truck mixer drum drive, but also walk close system of
agricultural machinery and road roller. For the three applications, T90 has released different
configuration options for the user to select. Please refer pump type code.
Series T90 axial piston pumps are designed with the most advanced technology.
•
With optional sizes 055, 075, 100.
•
Axial piston design of high effeciency.
•
Proved reliability and excellent performance.
•
Compact, light weight.
•
PLUS+1TM compliant controls and sensors.
•
Series T90 variable displacement pumps are compact, high power density units. All models utilize the
parallel axial piston/slipper concept in conjunction with a tiltable swashplate to vary the pump’s
displacement. Reversing the angle of the swashplate re-verses the flow of oil from the pump and thus
reverses the direction of rotation of the motor output.
Series T90 pumps include an integral charge pump which is manually controlled to pro-vide system
replenishing and cooling oil flow, as well as control fluid flow.
PLUS+1 Compliant Controls and Sensors
A wide range of Series T90 controls and sensors are PLUS+1™ compliant. PLUS+1 compliance means our
controls and sensors are directly compatible with the PLUS+1 machine control architecture. Adding
Series T90 pumps to your application using PLUS+1 GUIDE software is as easy as drag-and-drop. Software
development that used to take months can now be done in just a few hours. For more information on
PLUS+1 GUIDE, visit www.sauer-danfoss.com/plus1.
Series T90 pumps can be used together in combination with other Danfoss pumps and motors in the
overall hydraulic system. Danfoss hydrostatic products are designed with many different displacement,
pressure and load-life capabilities.
Go to the Danfoss website or applicable product catalog to choose the components that are right for
your complete closed circuit hydraulic system.
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Danfoss | March 2022 BC152886484177en-000306 | 5
Slider block
Servo piston Servo arm Piston Slipper
Feedback linkage
Roller bearing
Cradle bearing
Shaft seal
Input shaft
P400621
Cradle guideSwash plate
Charge pump
Rear bushing
Cylinder block
Bushing
Model-No./Ident-No.
Model Code
Serial-No.
Made in China
Place of Manufacture
Model
Number
Serial
Number
Model
Code
A - 88 - 126 - 67890
501829
P400622
T90L055 MA 1 AB
60 P 3 C6 C 03
MKX 35 35 24
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
General Description
Design
Series T90 pump cross-section
Typical name plate
Series T90 pumps are manufactured in China. Place of manufacture shown on nameplate will correspond
with the actual place of manufacture.
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Pump Motor
working loop (low pressure)
Control fluid
Suction line
Case drain fluid
P400053
working loop (high pressure)
Motor swashplate
Loop flushing valve
Displacement control valve
Heat exchanger bypass valve
Reservoir
Vacuum gauge
Purge relief valve
P400053
Fixed displacement motor
Output shaft
Multi-function valve
Charge pump
To
pump
case
Servo control cylinder
Pump swashplate
Input shaft
Reversible variable
displacement pump
Servo control cylinder
Heat Exchanger
Multi-function valve
Charge pressure relief valve
Orifice check
valve
Control handle
M
BB
L2
M2
M1
M4
M5
M3
A A
S
L2 M1
M2
L1
M3
P104 286E
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
General Description
Pictorial Circuit Diagram
System Schematic (with PL function)
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Danfoss | March 2022 BC152886484177en-000306 | 7
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Technical Specifications
General Specifications
Design Axial piston pump of cradle swashplate design with variable displacement
Direction of rotation Clockwise, counterclockwise
Pipe connections Main pressure ports: ISO split flange boss
Remaining ports: SAE straight thread O-ring boss
Recommended installation position Pump installation position is discretionary, however the recommended control position is on the top
or at the side, with the top position preferred.
Vertical input shaft installation is acceptable.
If input shaft is at the top 1 bar case pressure must be maintained during operation.
The pump housing must be filled with hydraulic fluid under all conditions; including after a long
period of shutdown. Before operating the machine, ensure the pump housing and case drain lines are
free of air.
Recommended mounting for a multiple pump stack is to arrange the highest power flow towards the
input source.
Consult Danfoss for nonconformance to these guidelines.
Auxiliary cavity pressure Will be inlet pressure with internal charge pump. For reference see Operating Parameters. Will be case
pressure with external charge supply.
Features and Options
Feature Unit Frame
055 075 100
Displacement cm³/rev.
[in³]/rev.
Flow at rated speed (theoretical) l/min.
[US gal/min.]
Torque at maximum displacement (theoretical) N•m/bar
[lbf•in/1000 psi]
Mass moment of inertia of rotating components kg•m²
[slug•ft²]
Weight (with control opt. MA) kg [lb] 40 [88] 49 [108] 68 [150]
Mounting (per ISO 3019-1)
Rotation Right hand or Left hand rotation
Main ports: 4-bolt split-flange
(per SAE J518 code 62)
Main port configuration Twin or side port
Case drain ports (SAE O-ring boss) UNF thread (in.) 1.0625–12 1.0625–12 1.0625–12
Other ports SAE O-ring boss
Shafts Splined
Auxiliary mounting SAE-A, B, C
mm
[in]
55
[3.35]
193
[51]
0.88
[530]
0.0065
[0.0048]
25.4
[1.0]
75
[4.59]
270
[62]
1.19
[730]
0.0100
[0.0074]
SAE C
25.4
[1.0]
100
[6.10]
300
[79]
1.59
[970]
0.0171
[0.0126]
25.4
[1.0]
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Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Technical Specifications
Operating Parameters
Parameter Unit Frame
055 075 100
Input speed
Minimum min-1(rpm) 500 500 500
Rated Speed 3500 3150 3000
Maximum 3700 3350 3200
System pressure
Maximum working pressure
bar[psi]
Maximum pressure 420 [6092]
Minimum low loop pressure 10 [650]
Charge pump inlet pressure
Rated
Minimum (cold start) 0.2 [24]
bar(absolute)
[in. Hg vac.]
Case pressure
Rated
bar[psi]
Maximum 5.0 [75]
350 [5076]
0.7 [9]
3.0 [40]
Fluid Specifications
Features Units 28/32/38/45
Intermittent
Viscosity
Minimum 7 [49]
Recommended range 12 - 80 [66 - 370]
Maximum (cold start)
Minimum (cold start)
Temperature range
3
Recommended range 60 - 85 [140 - 185]
Maximum continuous 104 [220]
Maximum intermittent
Cleanliness per ISO 4406 22/18/13
Efficiency (charge pressure
Filtration (recommended
minimum)
filtration)
Efficiency (suction filtration) β35-45=75(β10≥2)
Recommended inlet screen
mesh size
1
Intermittent=Short term t <1 min per incident and not exceeding 2 % of duty cycle based load-life.
2
Cold start = Short term t < 3 min, p < 50 bar [725 psi], n < 1000 min-1 (rpm)
3
At the hottest point, normally case drain port.
1
5 [42]
mm2/sec. [ SUS]
2
1600 [7500]
-40 [-40]
°C [°F]
115 [240]
β-ratio
β15-20=75(β10≥10)
µm 100 - 125
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W
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Operating Parameters
Overview
This section defines the operating parameters and limitations for Series T90 pumps with regard to input
speeds and pressures. For actual parameters, refer to the Operating parameters for each displacement.
Input Speed
Minimum speed is the lowest input speed recommended during engine idle condition. Operating below
minimum speed limits the pump’s ability to maintain adequate flow for lubrication and power
transmission.
Rated speed is the highest input speed recommended at full power condition. Operating at or below
this speed should yield satisfactory product life.
Maximum speed is the highest operating speed permitted. Exceeding maximum speed reduces product
life and can cause loss of hydrostatic power and braking capacity. Never exceed the maximum speed
limit under any operating conditions.
Operating conditions between Rated and Maximum speed should be restricted to less than full power
and to limited periods of time. For most drive systems, maximum unit speed occurs during downhill
braking or negative power conditions.
For more information consult Pressure and speed limits, BC152886484313, when determining speed limits
for a particular application.
Independent Braking System
System Pressure
During hydraulic braking and downhill conditions, the prime mover must be capable of providing
sufficient braking torque in order to avoid pump over speed. This is especially important to consider for
turbocharged and Tier 4 engines.
Warning
Unintended vehicle or machine movement hazard.
Exceeding maximum speed may cause a loss of hydrostatic drive line power and braking capacity.
You must provide a braking system, redundant to the hydrostatic transmission, sufficient to stop and
hold the vehicle or machine in the event of hydrostatic drive power loss. The braking system must also be
sufficient to hold the machine in place when full power is applied.
System pressure is the differential pressure between high pressure system ports. It is the dominant
operating variable affecting hydraulic unit life. High system pressure, which results from high load,
reduces expected life. Hydraulic unit life depends on the speed and normal operating, or weighted
average, pressure that can only be determined from a duty cycle analysis.
Application pressure is the high pressure relief or pressure limiter setting normally defined within the
order code of the pump. This is the applied system pressure at which the driveline generates the
maximum calculated pull or torque in the application.
Maximum Working pressure is the highest recommended application pressure. Maximum working
pressure is not intended to be a continuous pressure. Propel systems with application pressures at, or
below, this pressure should yield satisfactory unit life given proper component sizing.
Maximum pressure is the highest allowable application pressure under any circumstance. Application
pressures above maximum working pressure will only be considered with duty cycle analysis and factory
approval.
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Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Operating Parameters
Minimum low loop pressure must be maintained under all operating conditions to avoid cavitation.
Servo Pressure
Servo pressure is the pressure in the servo system needed to position and hold the pump on stroke. It
depends on system pressure and speed. At minimum servo pressure the pump will run at reduced stroke
depending on speed and pressure.
Minimum servo pressure at corner power holds the pump on full stroke at max speed and max
Maximum servo pressure is the highest pressure typically given by the charge pressure setting.
Charge Pressure
An internal charge relief valve regulates charge pressure. Charge pressure supplies the control with
pressure to operate the swashplate and to maintain a minimum pressure in the low side of the
transmission loop.
The charge pressure setting listed in the order code is the set pressure of the charge relief valve with the
pump in neutral, operating at 1800 min-1 [rpm], and with a fluid viscosity of 32 mm²/s [150 SUS].
Pumps configured with no charge pump (external charge supply) are set with a charge flow of 30 l/min
[7.93 US gal/min] and a fluid viscosity of 32 mm²/s [150 SUS].
The charge pressure setting is referenced to case pressure. Charge pressure is the differential pressure
above case pressure.
Minimum charge pressure is the lowest pressure allowed to maintain a safe working condition in the
low side of the loop. Minimum control pressure requirements are a function of speed, pressure, and
swashplate angle, and may be higher than the minimum charge pressure shown in the Operating
parameters tables.
Maximum charge pressure is the highest charge pressure allowed by the charge relief adjustment, and
which provides normal component life. Elevated charge pressure can be used as a secondary means to
reduce the swashplate response time.
At normal operating temperature charge inlet pressure must not fall below rated charge inlet pressure
(vacuum).
Minimum charge pump inlet pressure is only allowed at cold start conditions. In some applications it is
recommended to warm up the fluid (e.g. in the tank) before starting the engine and then run the engine
at limited speed.
Maximum charge pump inlet pressure may be applied continuously.
pressure.
Case Pressure
Under normal operating conditions, the rated case pressure must not be exceeded. During cold start
case pressure must be kept below maximum intermittent case pressure. Size drain plumbing accordingly.
Auxiliary Pad Mounted Pumps. The auxiliary pad cavity of S90 pumps configured without integral
charge pumps is referenced to case pressure. Units with integral charge pumps have auxiliary mounting
pad cavities referenced to charge inlet (vacuum).
Caution
Possible component damage or leakage
Operation with case pressure in excess of stated limits may damage seals, gaskets, and/or
housings,causing external leakage. Performance may also be affected since charge and system pressure
are additive to case pressure.
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Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Operating Parameters
External Shaft Seal Pressure
In certain applications the input shaft seal may be exposed to external pressure. In order to prevent
damage to the shaft seal the maximum differential pressure from external sources must not exceed 0.4
bar (5.8 psi) over pump case pressure. The case pressure limits of the pump must also be followed to
ensure the shaft seal is not damaged.
Regardless of the differential pressure across the shaft seal, the shaft seal has been known to pump oil
from the external source (e. g. gear box) into the pump case.
Temperature and Viscosity
Temperature
The high temperature limits apply at the hottest point in the transmission, which is normally the motor
case drain. The system should generally be run at or below the quoted rated temperature.
The maximum intermittent temperature is based on material properties and should never be
exceeded.
Cold oil will generally not affect the durability of the transmission components, but it may affect the
ability of oil to flow and transmit power; therefore temperatures should remain 16 °C [30 °F] above the
pour point of the hydraulic fluid.
The minimum temperature relates to the physical properties of component materials.
Size heat exchangers to keep the fluid within these limits. Danfoss recommends testing to verify that
these temperature limits are not exceeded.
Caution
Viscosity
For maximum efficiency and bearing life, ensure the fluid viscosity remains in the recommended range.
The minimum viscosity should be encountered only during brief occasions of maximum ambient
temperature and severe duty cycle operation.
The maximum viscosity should be encountered only at cold start.
12 | © Danfoss | March 2022 BC152886484177en-000306
Charge pump
Filter
Hydraulic fluid reservoir
Adjustable
charge pressu re relief valve
To pump case
To low
loop and
control
Manomete r
P102 003E
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
System Design Parameters
Filtration System
To prevent premature wear, ensure only clean fluid enters the hydrostatic transmission circuit. A filter
capable of controlling the fluid cleanliness to ISO 4406 class 22/18/13
(SAE J1165) or better, under normal operating conditions, is recommended.
These cleanliness levels can not be applied for hydraulic fluid residing in the component housing/case or
any other cavity after transport.
The filter may be located on the pump (integral) or in another location (remote).
The integral filter has a filter bypass sensor to signal the machine operator when the filter requires
changing. Filtration strategies include suction or pressure filtration. The selection of a filter depends on a
number of factors including the contaminant ingression rate, the generation of contaminants in the
system, the required fluid cleanliness, and the desired maintenance interval. Filters are selected to meet
the above requirements using rating parameters of efficiency and capacity.
Filter efficiency can be measured with a Beta ratio¹ (βX). For simple suction-filtered closed circuit
transmissions and open circuit transmissions with return line filtration, a filter
with a β-ratio within the range of β
some open circuit systems, and closed circuits with cylinders being supplied from the same reservoir, a
considerably higher filter efficiency is recommended. This also applies to systems with gears or clutches
using a common reservoir.
For these systems, a charge pressure or return filtration system with a filter β-ratio in the range of β
75 (β10 ≥ 10) or better is typically required.
Because each system is unique, only a thorough testing and evaluation program can fully validate the
filtration system. Please see Design Guidelines for Hydraulic Fluid Cleanliness Technical Information,
BC152886482150 for more information.
1
Filter βx-ratio is a measure of filter efficiency defined by ISO 4572. It is defined as the ratio of the number
of particles greater than a given diameter (“x” in microns) upstream of the filter to the number of these
particles downstream of the filter.
= 75 (β10 ≥ 2) or better has been found to be satisfactory. For
35-45
15-20
=
Filtration Options
Suction filtration - Option S
Suction filtration is the only option available for concrete pumps.
The suction filter is placed in the circuit between the reservoir and the inlet to the charge pump, as
shown below.
The use of a filter contamination monitor is recommended.
Suction filtration
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Danfoss | March 2022 BC152886484177en-000306 | 13
C
To pump case
Charge pump
Hydraulic fluid reservoir
Filter
To low
pressure
side and
control
Screen
Adjustable
charge pressure
relief valve
P102 004E
W
Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
System Design Parameters
Clogged filters can cause cavitation, which damages the charge pump. We recommend a filter bypass
with a filter bypass sensor to prevent damage due to blocked suction filters.
Charge pressure filtration (partial charge pump flow)
Two types of pressure filtration exist for most Series 90 pumps. The two types are: remote pressure
filtration (filter remotely mounted on vehicle) and integral pressure filtration (filter mounted to the
endcap). Verify option availability in the size specific technical information.
In either case the filtration circuit is the same with the filter element situated in the circuit downstream
the charge pump and upstream of the charge relief valve such that full charge flow is continuously
filtered, as shown in the accompanying illustrations. Charge pressure filtration can mitigate high inlet
vacuum in cold start-ups and provides fluid filtration immediately prior to entrance to the loop and the
control system. Pressure filtration provides a higher level of filtering efficiency than suction filtration.
Filters used in charge pressure filtration circuits must be rated to at least 35 bar [508 psi] pressure. A 100 –
125 μm screen located in the reservoir or in the charge inlet line is recommended when using charge
pressure filtration.
Caution
Technical data according to ISO 16889
Nominal flow at 30mm2/s and ∆P 0.5 bar[7.3 psi] (clean filter element only) Minimum β-ratio
Short 60 l/min β7.5(C)=75 (β5(C) ≥10)
Long 105 l/min
Remote charge pressure filtration
A special adapter head is available to allow for the charge filter to be located conveniently for easy
service and replacement. Care should be taken to minimize the hydraulic pressure drops associated with
long connecting lines, small diameter hoses, or restrictive port adaptors at the filter head or endcap.
Ensure the normal operating pressure drop across the remote filtration in and out ports is sufficiently
below the crack pressure setting of the recommended filter bypass valve.
Charge pressure filtration
Warning
Remote filter heads without bypass and poor plumbing design can encounter excessive pressure drops
14 | © Danfoss | March 2022 BC152886484177en-000306
that can lead to charge pump damage in addition to contaminants being forced through the filter media
and into the transmission loop.
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