Danfoss T90 055, T90 075, T90 100 User guide

Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

Size 055/075/100

www.danfoss.com

Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

Revision history	Table of revisions
	Date		Changed	Rev
	March 2022		Updated Mating pump requirements	0306
	August 2021		Updated Operating Parameters	0304
	February 2021		Corrected Size 100 HCEDC on Installation Drawings.	0203
	September 2020		Updated an introduction.	0202
	August 2020		Updated HCEDC in Control Options.	0201
	July 2020		Added drawings of HCEDC Size 075 and 100.	0109
	July 2020		Updated Model Code M, T and W.	0108
	April 2020		Changed document number from 'BC00000063' to 'BC152886484177', updated Installation	0107
			drawings
	March 2020		5th edition - fixed value of input speed	0106
	February 2020		4th edition - added HCEDC	0105
	January 2019		3rd edition	0104
	September 2014		2nd edition	BA
	February 2012		1st edition	AA

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Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Contents
General Description
T90 Family of Pumps.......................................................................................................................................................................	5
PLUS+1 Compliant Controls and Sensors................................................................................................................................	5
Design...................................................................................................................................................................................................	6
Pictorial Circuit Diagram................................................................................................................................................................	7
System Schematic (with PL function)........................................................................................................................................	7
Technical Specifications
General Specifications....................................................................................................................................................................	8
Features and Options......................................................................................................................................................................	8
Operating Parameters.....................................................................................................................................................................	9
Fluid Specifications..........................................................................................................................................................................	9
Operating Parameters
Overview...........................................................................................................................................................................................	10
Input Speed......................................................................................................................................................................................	10
Independent Braking System....................................................................................................................................................	10
System Pressure..............................................................................................................................................................................	10
Servo Pressure.................................................................................................................................................................................	11
Charge Pressure..............................................................................................................................................................................	11
Case Pressure...................................................................................................................................................................................	11
External Shaft Seal Pressure.......................................................................................................................................................	12
Temperature and Viscosity.........................................................................................................................................................	12
System Design Parameters
Filtration System.............................................................................................................................................................................	13
Filtration Options...........................................................................................................................................................................	13
Suction filtration - Option S..................................................................................................................................................	13
Charge pressure filtration (partial charge pump flow)...............................................................................................	14
Remote charge pressure filtration......................................................................................................................................	14
Fluid selection.................................................................................................................................................................................	15
Reservoir............................................................................................................................................................................................	15
Case Drain.........................................................................................................................................................................................	15
Pump Life..........................................................................................................................................................................................	15
Charge Pump...................................................................................................................................................................................	15
Charge pump sizing/selection.............................................................................................................................................	16
Bearing Loads and Life.................................................................................................................................................................	16
Applications with external shaft loads..............................................................................................................................	16
Understanding and Minimizing System Noise....................................................................................................................	17
Sizing Equations.............................................................................................................................................................................	18
Mounting Flange Loads...............................................................................................................................................................	19
Master Model Code
Model Code (R-Size-M-P-J).........................................................................................................................................................	21
Model Code (G-N-F-L-H)..............................................................................................................................................................	23
Model Code (T-W-Y/Z-K)..............................................................................................................................................................	24
Control Options
3-Position Electric Control(FNR), Options: DD.....................................................................................................................	25
Response time...........................................................................................................................................................................	26
Manual Displacement Control (MDC), Options: MA, MS, LU, LW..................................................................................	27
Features and Benefits..............................................................................................................................................................	27
External Control Handle Requirements............................................................................................................................	27
MDC with Neutral Start Switch (NSS)................................................................................................................................	28
High Current Electric Displacement Control (HCEDC); Options A4, A5......................................................................	29
EDC Control Signal Requirements......................................................................................................................................	29
Connectors..................................................................................................................................................................................	30
EDC solenoid data....................................................................................................................................................................	30
Features and Options
Multi-Function Valves...................................................................................................................................................................	31
Overpressure protection........................................................................................................................................................	31
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Technical Information
Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps
Contents
Pressure limiting function.....................................................................................................................................................	31
Bypass Function........................................................................................................................................................................	32
Auxiliary Mounting Pads.............................................................................................................................................................	32
Mating pump requirements.................................................................................................................................................	32
Displacement Limiter...................................................................................................................................................................	33
Shaft Torque.....................................................................................................................................................................................	34
Shaft torque and spline lubrication...................................................................................................................................	34
Shaft torque for tapered shafts............................................................................................................................................	34
Shaft Availability and Torque Ratings.....................................................................................................................................	35
Tapered Shaft Customer Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................	35
Charge Pump...................................................................................................................................................................................	36
Charge pump sizing/selection.............................................................................................................................................	36
Charge pump flow and power curves...............................................................................................................................	36
Speed Sensor...................................................................................................................................................................................	38
Connector Pin Assignments.......................................................................................................................................................	39
Installation Drawings
Frame Size 055 : MDC...................................................................................................................................................................	40
Frame Size 075 : MDC...................................................................................................................................................................	41
Frame Size 100 : MDC...................................................................................................................................................................	42
Frame Size 075 : HCEDC...............................................................................................................................................................	43
Frame Size 100 : HCEDC...............................................................................................................................................................	44

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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

General Description

T90 Family of Pumps

Danfoss T90 variable pump is on the base of S90 variable pump, combined with Danfoss’s the global application of experience and the latest technology to develop a new axial piston variable pump, it can cooperate T90 motor or other hydraulic products of hydraulic drive system to achieve the fluid transmission and control, mainly used in closed system.

Currently, Danfoss T90 products not only for truck mixer drum drive, but also walk close system of agricultural machinery and road roller. For the three applications, T90 has released different configuration options for the user to select. Please refer pump type code.

•Series T90 axial piston pumps are designed with the most advanced technology.

•With optional sizes 055, 075, 100.

•Axial piston design of high effeciency.

•Proved reliability and excellent performance.

•Compact, light weight.

•PLUS+1TM compliant controls and sensors.

Series T90 variable displacement pumps are compact, high power density units. All models utilize the parallel axial piston/slipper concept in conjunction with a tiltable swashplate to vary the pump’s displacement. Reversing the angle of the swashplate re-verses the flow of oil from the pump and thus reverses the direction of rotation of the motor output.

Series T90 pumps include an integral charge pump which is manually controlled to pro-vide system replenishing and cooling oil flow, as well as control fluid flow.

PLUS+1 Compliant Controls and Sensors

A wide range of Series T90 controls and sensors are PLUS+1™ compliant. PLUS+1 compliance means our controls and sensors are directly compatible with the PLUS+1 machine control architecture. Adding Series T90 pumps to your application using PLUS+1 GUIDE software is as easy as drag-and-drop. Software development that used to take months can now be done in just a few hours. For more information on PLUS+1 GUIDE, visit www.sauer-danfoss.com/plus1.

Series T90 pumps can be used together in combination with other Danfoss pumps and motors in the overall hydraulic system. Danfoss hydrostatic products are designed with many different displacement, pressure and load-life capabilities.

Go to the Danfoss website or applicable product catalog to choose the components that are right for your complete closed circuit hydraulic system.

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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

General Description

Design

Series T90 pump cross-section

Bushing

Cylinder block

Rear bushing

Slider block

Servo piston

Servo arm

Piston

Slipper

Feedback linkage

Cradle bearing

Roller bearing

Shaft seal

Input shaft

Charge pump	Swash plate			Cradle guide	P400621
	Typical name plate

			Model-No./Ident-No.		501829	Model
			Model Code T90L055	MA	1 AB	Number
Model			60 P 3 C6 C 03
			MKX	35 35	24
Code
			Serial-No.	A - 88 - 126 - 67890		Serial

Number

Made in China

P400622

Place of Manufacture

Series T90 pumps are manufactured in China. Place of manufacture shown on nameplate will correspond with the actual place of manufacture.

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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

General Description

Pictorial Circuit Diagram

Control handle

Reversible variable displacement pump

Input shaft

Pump swashplate

Displacement control valve

Orifice check valve

Servo control cylinder

Heat exchanger bypass valve

Reservoir

Heat Exchanger

Charge pressure relief valve

Multi-function valve

To pump case

Vacuum gauge

Purge relief valve

P400053

Fixed displacement motor

	Charge pump
	Multi-function valve	Output shaft
		Motor swashplate
Servo control cylinder		Loop flushing valve

		Pump						Motor
	working loop (high pressure)		working loop (low pressure)		Suction line		Control fluid			Case drain fluid

P400053

System Schematic (with PL function)

	M3		L2	M3	M1
		A	A
M1
M4
M5
M
M2
		B	B
S		L2	L1		M2	P104 286E
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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

Technical Specifications

General Specifications

Design	Axial piston pump of cradle swashplate design with variable displacement
Direction of rotation	Clockwise, counterclockwise
Pipe connections	Main pressure ports: ISO split flange boss
	Remaining ports: SAE straight thread O-ring boss
Recommended installation position	Pump installation position is discretionary, however the recommended control position is on the top
	or at the side, with the top position preferred.
	Vertical input shaft installation is acceptable.
	If input shaft is at the top 1 bar case pressure must be maintained during operation.
	The pump housing must be filled with hydraulic fluid under all conditions; including after a long
	period of shutdown. Before operating the machine, ensure the pump housing and case drain lines are
	free of air.
	Recommended mounting for a multiple pump stack is to arrange the highest power flow towards the
	input source.
	Consult Danfoss for nonconformance to these guidelines.
Auxiliary cavity pressure	Will be inlet pressure with internal charge pump. For reference see Operating Parameters. Will be case
	pressure with external charge supply.

Features and Options

Feature	Unit			Frame
		055		075		100
Displacement	cm³/rev.	55		75		100
	[in³]/rev.	[3.35]		[4.59]		[6.10]
Flow at rated speed (theoretical)	l/min.	193		270		300
	[US gal/min.]	[51]		[62]		[79]
Torque at maximum displacement (theoretical)	N•m/bar	0.88		1.19		1.59
	[lbf•in/1000 psi]	[530]		[730]		[970]
Mass moment of inertia of rotating components	kg•m²	0.0065		0.0100		0.0171
	[slug•ft²]	[0.0048]		[0.0074]		[0.0126]
Weight (with control opt. MA)	kg [lb]	40 [88]		49 [108]		68 [150]
Mounting (per ISO 3019-1)				SAE C
Rotation			Right hand or Left hand rotation
Main ports: 4-bolt split-flange	mm	25.4		25.4		25.4
(per SAE J518 code 62)	[in]	[1.0]		[1.0]		[1.0]
Main port configuration				Twin or side port
Case drain ports (SAE O-ring boss)	UNF thread (in.)	1.0625–12		1.0625–12		1.0625–12
Other ports				SAE O-ring boss
Shafts				Splined
Auxiliary mounting				SAE-A, B, C

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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

Technical Specifications

Operating Parameters

Parameter	Unit		Frame
		055	075	100
Input speed
Minimum	min-1(rpm)	500	500	500
Rated Speed		3500	3150	3000
Maximum		3700	3350	3200
System pressure
Maximum working pressure	bar[psi]		350 [5076]
Maximum pressure			420 [6092]
Minimum low loop pressure			10 [650]
Charge pump inlet pressure
Rated	bar(absolute)		0.7 [9]
	[in. Hg vac.]
Minimum (cold start)			0.2 [24]
Case pressure
Rated	bar[psi]		3.0 [40]
Maximum			5.0 [75]

Fluid Specifications

	Features		Units	28/32/38/45
		Intermittent1		5 [42]
	Viscosity	Minimum	mm2/sec. [ SUS]	7 [49]
		Recommended range		12 - 80 [66 - 370]
		Maximum (cold start)2		1600 [7500]
		Minimum (cold start)		-40 [-40]
	Temperature range3	Recommended range	°C [°F]	60 - 85 [140 - 185]
		Maximum continuous		104 [220]
		Maximum intermittent		115 [240]
		Cleanliness per ISO 4406		22/18/13
		Efficiency (charge pressure		β15-20=75(β10≥10)
	Filtration (recommended	filtration)	β-ratio
	minimum)	Efficiency (suction filtration)		β35-45=75(β10≥2)
		Recommended inlet screen	µm	100 - 125
		mesh size

1Intermittent=Short term t <1 min per incident and not exceeding 2 % of duty cycle based load-life.

2Cold start = Short term t < 3 min, p < 50 bar [725 psi], n < 1000 min-1 (rpm)

3At the hottest point, normally case drain port.

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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

Operating Parameters

Overview

This section defines the operating parameters and limitations for Series T90 pumps with regard to input speeds and pressures. For actual parameters, refer to the Operating parameters for each displacement.

Input Speed

Minimum speed is the lowest input speed recommended during engine idle condition. Operating below minimum speed limits the pump’s ability to maintain adequate flow for lubrication and power transmission.

Rated speed is the highest input speed recommended at full power condition. Operating at or below this speed should yield satisfactory product life.

Maximum speed is the highest operating speed permitted. Exceeding maximum speed reduces product life and can cause loss of hydrostatic power and braking capacity. Never exceed the maximum speed limit under any operating conditions.

Operating conditions between Rated and Maximum speed should be restricted to less than full power and to limited periods of time. For most drive systems, maximum unit speed occurs during downhill braking or negative power conditions.

For more information consult Pressure and speed limits, BC152886484313, when determining speed limits for a particular application.

During hydraulic braking and downhill conditions, the prime mover must be capable of providing sufficient braking torque in order to avoid pump over speed. This is especially important to consider for turbocharged and Tier 4 engines.

Independent Braking System

W Warning

Unintended vehicle or machine movement hazard.

Exceeding maximum speed may cause a loss of hydrostatic drive line power and braking capacity.

You must provide a braking system, redundant to the hydrostatic transmission, sufficient to stop and hold the vehicle or machine in the event of hydrostatic drive power loss. The braking system must also be sufficient to hold the machine in place when full power is applied.

System Pressure

System pressure is the differential pressure between high pressure system ports. It is the dominant operating variable affecting hydraulic unit life. High system pressure, which results from high load, reduces expected life. Hydraulic unit life depends on the speed and normal operating, or weighted average, pressure that can only be determined from a duty cycle analysis.

Application pressure is the high pressure relief or pressure limiter setting normally defined within the order code of the pump. This is the applied system pressure at which the driveline generates the maximum calculated pull or torque in the application.

Maximum Working pressure is the highest recommended application pressure. Maximum working pressure is not intended to be a continuous pressure. Propel systems with application pressures at, or below, this pressure should yield satisfactory unit life given proper component sizing.

Maximum pressure is the highest allowable application pressure under any circumstance. Application pressures above maximum working pressure will only be considered with duty cycle analysis and factory approval.

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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

Operating Parameters

Minimum low loop pressure must be maintained under all operating conditions to avoid cavitation.

Servo Pressure

Servo pressure is the pressure in the servo system needed to position and hold the pump on stroke. It depends on system pressure and speed. At minimum servo pressure the pump will run at reduced stroke depending on speed and pressure.

Minimum servo pressure at corner power holds the pump on full stroke at max speed and max pressure.

Maximum servo pressure is the highest pressure typically given by the charge pressure setting.

Charge Pressure

An internal charge relief valve regulates charge pressure. Charge pressure supplies the control with pressure to operate the swashplate and to maintain a minimum pressure in the low side of the transmission loop.

The charge pressure setting listed in the order code is the set pressure of the charge relief valve with the pump in neutral, operating at 1800 min-1 [rpm], and with a fluid viscosity of 32 mm²/s [150 SUS].

Pumps configured with no charge pump (external charge supply) are set with a charge flow of 30 l/min [7.93 US gal/min] and a fluid viscosity of 32 mm²/s [150 SUS].

The charge pressure setting is referenced to case pressure. Charge pressure is the differential pressure above case pressure.

Minimum charge pressure is the lowest pressure allowed to maintain a safe working condition in the low side of the loop. Minimum control pressure requirements are a function of speed, pressure, and swashplate angle, and may be higher than the minimum charge pressure shown in the Operating parameters tables.

Maximum charge pressure is the highest charge pressure allowed by the charge relief adjustment, and which provides normal component life. Elevated charge pressure can be used as a secondary means to reduce the swashplate response time.

At normal operating temperature charge inlet pressure must not fall below rated charge inlet pressure (vacuum).

Minimum charge pump inlet pressure is only allowed at cold start conditions. In some applications it is recommended to warm up the fluid (e.g. in the tank) before starting the engine and then run the engine at limited speed.

Maximum charge pump inlet pressure may be applied continuously.

Case Pressure

Under normal operating conditions, the rated case pressure must not be exceeded. During cold start case pressure must be kept below maximum intermittent case pressure. Size drain plumbing accordingly.

Auxiliary Pad Mounted Pumps. The auxiliary pad cavity of S90 pumps configured without integral charge pumps is referenced to case pressure. Units with integral charge pumps have auxiliary mounting pad cavities referenced to charge inlet (vacuum).

C Caution

Possible component damage or leakage

Operation with case pressure in excess of stated limits may damage seals, gaskets, and/or housings,causing external leakage. Performance may also be affected since charge and system pressure are additive to case pressure.

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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

Operating Parameters

External Shaft Seal Pressure

In certain applications the input shaft seal may be exposed to external pressure. In order to prevent damage to the shaft seal the maximum differential pressure from external sources must not exceed 0.4 bar (5.8 psi) over pump case pressure. The case pressure limits of the pump must also be followed to ensure the shaft seal is not damaged.

C Caution

Regardless of the differential pressure across the shaft seal, the shaft seal has been known to pump oil from the external source (e. g. gear box) into the pump case.

Temperature and Viscosity

Temperature

The high temperature limits apply at the hottest point in the transmission, which is normally the motor case drain. The system should generally be run at or below the quoted rated temperature.

The maximum intermittent temperature is based on material properties and should never be exceeded.

Cold oil will generally not affect the durability of the transmission components, but it may affect the ability of oil to flow and transmit power; therefore temperatures should remain 16 °C [30 °F] above the pour point of the hydraulic fluid.

The minimum temperature relates to the physical properties of component materials.

Size heat exchangers to keep the fluid within these limits. Danfoss recommends testing to verify that these temperature limits are not exceeded.

Viscosity

For maximum efficiency and bearing life, ensure the fluid viscosity remains in the recommended range.

The minimum viscosity should be encountered only during brief occasions of maximum ambient temperature and severe duty cycle operation.

The maximum viscosity should be encountered only at cold start.

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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

System Design Parameters

Filtration System

To prevent premature wear, ensure only clean fluid enters the hydrostatic transmission circuit. A filter capable of controlling the fluid cleanliness to ISO 4406 class 22/18/13

(SAE J1165) or better, under normal operating conditions, is recommended.

These cleanliness levels can not be applied for hydraulic fluid residing in the component housing/case or any other cavity after transport.

The filter may be located on the pump (integral) or in another location (remote).

The integral filter has a filter bypass sensor to signal the machine operator when the filter requires changing. Filtration strategies include suction or pressure filtration. The selection of a filter depends on a number of factors including the contaminant ingression rate, the generation of contaminants in the system, the required fluid cleanliness, and the desired maintenance interval. Filters are selected to meet the above requirements using rating parameters of efficiency and capacity.

Filter efficiency can be measured with a Beta ratio¹ (βX). For simple suction-filtered closed circuit transmissions and open circuit transmissions with return line filtration, a filter

with a β-ratio within the range of β35-45 = 75 (β10 ≥ 2) or better has been found to be satisfactory. For some open circuit systems, and closed circuits with cylinders being supplied from the same reservoir, a considerably higher filter efficiency is recommended. This also applies to systems with gears or clutches using a common reservoir.

For these systems, a charge pressure or return filtration system with a filter β-ratio in the range of β15-20 = 75 (β10 ≥ 10) or better is typically required.

Because each system is unique, only a thorough testing and evaluation program can fully validate the filtration system. Please see Design Guidelines for Hydraulic Fluid Cleanliness Technical Information,

BC152886482150 for more information.

1 Filter βx-ratio is a measure of filter efficiency defined by ISO 4572. It is defined as the ratio of the number of particles greater than a given diameter (“x” in microns) upstream of the filter to the number of these particles downstream of the filter.

Filtration Options

Suction filtration - Option S

Suction filtration is the only option available for concrete pumps.

The suction filter is placed in the circuit between the reservoir and the inlet to the charge pump, as shown below.

The use of a filter contamination monitor is recommended.

Suction filtration

Hydraulic fluidreservoir	Manomete r

Charge pump

Filter

	Adjustable
To low	charge pressure relief valve
loop and	To pump case	P102 003E
control

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Technical Information

Series T90 Axial Piston Pumps

System Design Parameters

C Caution

Clogged filters can cause cavitation, which damages the charge pump. We recommend a filter bypass with a filter bypass sensor to prevent damage due to blocked suction filters.

Charge pressure filtration (partial charge pump flow)

Two types of pressure filtration exist for most Series 90 pumps. The two types are: remote pressure filtration (filter remotely mounted on vehicle) and integral pressure filtration (filter mounted to the endcap). Verify option availability in the size specific technical information.

In either case the filtration circuit is the same with the filter element situated in the circuit downstream the charge pump and upstream of the charge relief valve such that full charge flow is continuously filtered, as shown in the accompanying illustrations. Charge pressure filtration can mitigate high inlet vacuum in cold start-ups and provides fluid filtration immediately prior to entrance to the loop and the control system. Pressure filtration provides a higher level of filtering efficiency than suction filtration.

Filters used in charge pressure filtration circuits must be rated to at least 35 bar [508 psi] pressure. A 100 – 125 μm screen located in the reservoir or in the charge inlet line is recommended when using charge pressure filtration.

Technical data according to ISO 16889

Nominal flow at 30mm2/s and ∆P 0.5 bar[7.3 psi] (clean filter element only)		Minimum β-ratio
Short	60 l/min	β7.5(C)=75 (β5(C) ≥10)
Long	105 l/min

Remote charge pressure filtration

A special adapter head is available to allow for the charge filter to be located conveniently for easy service and replacement. Care should be taken to minimize the hydraulic pressure drops associated with long connecting lines, small diameter hoses, or restrictive port adaptors at the filter head or endcap. Ensure the normal operating pressure drop across the remote filtration in and out ports is sufficiently below the crack pressure setting of the recommended filter bypass valve.

Charge pressure filtration

	Screen
Hydraulic fluid reservoi		Adjustable
		charge pressure
		relief valve
	Charge pump
To low	Filter	To pump case
pressure
side and		P102 004E
control

W Warning

Remote filter heads without bypass and poor plumbing design can encounter excessive pressure drops that can lead to charge pump damage in addition to contaminants being forced through the filter media and into the transmission loop.

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