Danfoss FC 101 Design guide

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Design Guide

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

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Contents Design Guide

Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide

1.2 Document and Software Version

1.3 Safety Symbols

1.4 Abbreviations

1.5 Additional Resources

1.6 Denitions

1.7 Power Factor

1.8 Regulatory Compliance

1.8.1 CE Mark 10

1.8.2 UL Compliance 10

1.8.3 RCM Mark Compliance 10

1.8.4 EAC 11

1.8.5 UkrSEPRO 11

2 Safety

2.1 Qualied Personnel

2.2 Safety Precautions

3 Product Overview

3.1 Advantages

3.1.1 Why use a Frequency Converter for Controlling Fans and Pumps? 14

3.1.2 The Clear Advantage - Energy Savings 14

3.1.3 Example of Energy Savings 14

3.1.4 Comparison of Energy Savings 15

3.1.5 Example with Varying Flow over 1 Year 16

3.1.6 Better Control 16

3.1.7 Star/Delta Starter or Soft Starter not Required 17

3.1.8 Using a Frequency Converter Saves Money 17

3.1.9 Without a Frequency Converter 18

3.1.10 With a Frequency Converter 19

3.1.11 Application Examples 19

3.1.12 Variable Air Volume 19

3.1.13 The VLT Solution 20

3.1.14 Constant Air Volume 21

3.1.15 The VLT Solution 21

3.1.16 Cooling Tower Fan 22

3.1.17 The VLT Solution 22

3.1.18 Condenser Pumps 23

3.1.19 The VLT Solution 23

Contents

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.1.20 Primary Pumps 24

3.1.21 The VLT Solution 24

3.1.22 Secondary Pumps 26

3.1.23 The VLT Solution 26

3.2 Control Structures

3.2.1 Control Structure Open Loop 27

3.2.2 PM/EC+ Motor Control 27

3.2.3 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control 27

3.2.4 Control Structure Closed Loop 28

3.2.5 Feedback Conversion 28

3.2.6 Reference Handling 29

3.2.7 Tuning the Drive Closed-loop Controller 30

3.2.8 Manual PI Adjustment 30

3.3 Ambient Running Conditions

3.4 General Aspects of EMC

3.4.1 Overview of EMC Emissions 36

3.4.2 Emission Requirements 38

3.4.3 EMC Emission Test Results 39

3.4.4 Overview of Harmonics Emission 41

3.4.5 Harmonics Emission Requirements 41

3.4.6 Harmonics Test Results (Emission) 41

3.4.7 Immunity Requirements 43

3.5 Galvanic Isolation (PELV)

3.6 Earth Leakage Current

3.7 Extreme Running Conditions

3.7.1 Motor Thermal Protection (ETR) 44

3.7.2 Thermistor Inputs 45

4 Selection and Ordering

4.1 Type Code

4.2 Options and Accessories

4.2.1 Local Control Panel (LCP) 48

4.2.2 Mounting of LCP in Panel Front 48

4.2.3 IP21/NEMA Type 1 Enclosure Kit 49

4.2.4 Decoupling Plate 51

4.3 Ordering Numbers

4.3.1 Options and Accessories 51

4.3.2 Harmonic Filters 52

4.3.3 External RFI Filter 54

5 Installation

Contents Design Guide

5.1 Electrical Installation

5.1.1 Mains and Motor Connection 57

5.1.2 EMC-compliant Electrical Installation 62

5.1.3 Control Terminals 64

6 Programming

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Local Control Panel (LCP)

6.3 Menus

6.3.1 Status Menu 66

6.3.2 Quick Menu 66

6.3.3 Main Menu 80

6.4 Quick Transfer of Parameter Settings between Multiple Frequency Converters

6.5 Readout and Programming of Indexed Parameters

6.6 Initialization to Default Settings

7 RS485 Installation and Set-up

7.1 RS485

7.1.1 Overview 82

7.1.2 Network Connection 82

7.1.3 Frequency Converter Hardware Set-up 82

7.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication 83

7.1.5 EMC Precautions 83

7.2 FC Protocol

7.2.1 Overview 84

7.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU 84

7.3 Parameter Settings to Enable the Protocol

7.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure

7.4.1 Content of a Character (Byte) 84

7.4.2 Telegram Structure 84

7.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE) 85

7.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR) 85

7.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC) 85

7.4.6 The Data Field 85

7.4.7 The PKE Field 85

7.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU) 86

7.4.9 Index (IND) 86

7.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE) 86

7.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter 87

7.4.12 Conversion 87

7.4.13 Process Words (PCD) 87

Contents

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

7.5 Examples

7.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value 87

7.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value 88

7.6 Modbus RTU Overview

7.6.1 Introduction 88

7.6.2 Overview 88

7.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus RTU 89

7.7 Network Conguration

7.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure

7.8.1 Introduction 89

7.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure 89

7.8.3 Start/Stop Field 90

7.8.4 Address Field 90

7.8.5 Function Field 90

7.8.6 Data Field 90

7.8.7 CRC Check Field 90

7.8.8 Coil Register Addressing 90

7.8.9 Access via PCD write/read 92

7.8.10 How to Control the Frequency Converter 93

7.8.11 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU 93

7.8.12 Modbus Exception Codes 93

7.9 How to Access Parameters

7.9.1 Parameter Handling 94

7.9.2 Storage of Data 94

7.9.3 IND (Index) 94

7.9.4 Text Blocks 94

7.9.5 Conversion Factor 94

7.9.6 Parameter Values 94

7.10 Examples

7.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex) 94

7.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex) 95

7.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex) 95

7.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex) 96

7.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex) 96

7.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex) 97

7.10.7 Read/Write Multiple Registers (17 hex) 97

7.11 Danfoss FC Control Prole

7.11.1 Control Word According to FC Prole (8-10 Protocol = FC Prole) 98

7.11.2 Status Word According to FC Prole (STW) 99

7.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value 101

Contents Design Guide

8 General Specications

8.1 Mechanical Dimensions

8.1.1 Side-by-side Installation 102

8.1.2 Frequency Converter Dimensions 103

8.1.3 Shipping Dimensions 105

8.1.4 Field Mounting 106

8.2 Mains Supply Specications

8.2.1 3x200–240 V AC 107

8.2.2 3x380–480 V AC 108

8.2.3 3x525–600 V AC 112

8.3 Fuses and Circuit Breakers

8.4 General Technical Data

8.4.1 Mains Supply (L1, L2, L3) 115

8.4.2 Motor Output (U, V, W) 115

8.4.3 Cable Length and Cross-section 116

8.4.4 Digital Inputs 116

8.4.5 Analog Inputs 116

102

107

113

115

Index

8.4.6 Analog Output 116

8.4.7 Digital Output 117

8.4.8 Control Card, RS485 Serial Communication 117

8.4.9 Control Card, 24 V DC Output 117

8.4.10 Relay Output 117

8.4.11 Control Card, 10 V DC Output 118

8.4.12 Ambient Conditions 118

8.5 dU/Dt

119

122

Introduction

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide

This design guide is intended for project and systems engineers, design consultants, and application and product specialists. Technical information is provided to understand the capabilities of the frequency converter for integration into motor control and monitoring systems. Details concerning operation, requirements, and recommendations for system integration are described. Information is proved for input power characteristics, output for motor control, and ambient operating conditions for the frequency converter.

Also included are:

Safety features.

•

Fault condition monitoring.

•

Operational status reporting.

•

Serial communication capabilities.

•

Programmable options and features.

•

Also provided are design details such as:

Site requirements.

•

Cables.

•

Fuses.

•

Control wiring.

•

Unit sizes and weights.

•

Other critical information necessary to plan for

•

system integration.

Reviewing the detailed product information in the design stage enables developing a well-conceived system with optimal functionality and

eciency.

with regards to backwards compatibility for H1–H5 and I2– I4 enclosure sizes. Refer to Table 1.2 for the limitations.

Software

compatibility

Old software

(OSS-le version 3.xx

and below)

New software

(OSS-le version 4.xx

or higher)

Hardware

compatibility

Old power card

(production week 33

2017 or before)

New power card

(production week 34

2017 or after)

Table 1.2 Software and Hardware Compatibility

Safety Symbols

1.3

The following symbols are used in this guide:

Old control card

(production week

33 2017 or before)

Yes No

No Yes

Old control card

(production week

33 2017 or before)

Yes (only software

version 3.xx or

below)

Yes (MUST update

software to version

3.xx or below, the

fan continuously

runs at full speed)

New control card

(production week

34 2017 or after)

New control card

(production week

34 2017 or after)

Yes (MUST update

software to version

4.xx or higher)

Yes (only software

version 4.xx or

higher)

WARNING

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that could result in death or serious injury.

VLT® is a registered trademark.

Document and Software Version

1.2

This manual is regularly reviewed and updated. All suggestions for improvement are welcome.

CAUTION

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that could result in minor or moderate injury. It can also be used to alert against unsafe practices.

NOTICE

Edition Remarks Software version

MG18C8xx Update to new SW & HW version. 4.2x

Table 1.1 Document and Software Version

From software version 4.0x and later (production week 33 2017 and after), the variable speed heat sink cooling fan function is implemented in the frequency converter for power sizes 22 kW (30 hp) 400 V IP20 and below, and 18.5 kW (25 hp) 400 V IP54 and below. This function requires software and hardware updates and introduces restrictions

Indicates important information, including situations that can result in damage to equipment or property.

Introduction Design Guide

1.4 Abbreviations

°C

°F

A Ampere/AMP

AC Alternating current

AMA Automatic motor adaptation

AWG American wire gauge

DC Direct current

EMC Electro magnetic compatibility

ETR Electronic thermal relay

FC Frequency converter

M,N

kg Kilogram

Hz Hertz

INV

LIM

M,N

VLT,MAX

VLT,N

kHz Kilohertz

LCP Local control panel

m Meter

mA Milliampere

MCT Motion control tool

mH Millihenry inductance

min Minute

ms Millisecond

nF Nanofarad

Nm Newton meters

M,N

PCB Printed circuit board

PELV Protective extra low voltage

Regen Regenerative terminals

RPM Revolutions per minute

s Second

LIM

M,N

V Volts

Table 1.3 Abbreviations

Additional Resources

1.5

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Quick Guide provides

•

basic information on mechanical dimensions, installation, and programming.

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Programming Guide

•

provides information on how to program, and includes complete parameter descriptions.

Danfoss VLT® Energy Box software. Select PC

•

Software Download at www.danfoss.com/en/ service-and-support/downloads/dds/vlt-energy-box/.

Degrees Celsius

Degrees Fahrenheit

Nominal motor frequency

Rated inverter output current

Current limit

Nominal motor current

The maximum output current

The rated output current supplied by the

frequency converter

Synchronous motor speed

Nominal motor power

Torque limit

Nominal motor voltage

Energy Box software allows energy

VLT consumption comparisons of HVAC fans and pumps driven by Danfoss frequency converters and alternative methods of ow control. Use this tool to accurately project the costs, savings, and payback of using Danfoss frequency converters on HVAC fans, pumps, and cooling towers.

Danfoss technical literature is available in electronic form on the documentation CD that is shipped with the product, or in print from your local Danfoss sales oce.

MCT 10 Set-up Software support

Download the software from www.danfoss.com/en/serviceand-support/downloads/dds/vlt-motion-control-tool-mct-10/.

During the installation process of the software, enter access code 81463800 to activate the FC 101 functionality. A license key is not required for using the FC 101 functionality.

The latest software does not always contain the latest updates for frequency converters. Contact the local sales oce for the latest frequency converter updates (in the form of *.upd les), or download the frequency converter updates from www.danfoss.com/en/service-and-support/ downloads/dds/vlt-motion-control-tool-mct-10/#Overview.

Denitions

1.6

Frequency converter I

VLT, MAX

The maximum output current.

VLT,N

The rated output current supplied by the frequency converter.

VLT, MAX

The maximum output voltage.

Input

The connected motor can start and stop via LCP and digital inputs. Functions are divided into 2 groups, as described in Table 1.4. Functions in group 1 have higher priority than functions in group 2.

Group 1

Group 2

Table 1.4 Control Commands

Reset, coast stop, reset and coast stop, quick

stop, DC brake, stop, and [O].

Start, pulse start, reversing, start reversing, jog,

and freeze output.

Motor f

JOG

The motor frequency when the jog function is activated (via digital terminals).

The motor frequency.

MAX

The maximum motor frequency.

1 1

175ZA078.10

Pull-out

RPM

Torque

Introduction

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

MIN

The minimum motor frequency.

M,N

The rated motor frequency (nameplate data).

The motor current.

M,N

The rated motor current (nameplate data).

M,N

The nominal motor speed (nameplate data).

M,N

The rated motor power (nameplate data).

The instantaneous motor voltage.

M,N

The rated motor voltage (nameplate data).

Break-away torque

Preset reference

A dened preset reference to be set from -100% to +100% of the reference range. Selection of 8 preset references via the digital terminals.

Ref

MAX

Determines the relationship between the reference input at 100% full scale value (typically 10 V, 20 mA) and the resulting reference. The maximum reference value set in parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference.

Ref

MIN

Determines the relationship between the reference input at 0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resulting reference. The minimum reference value is set in parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference.

Analog inputs

The analog inputs are used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter. There are 2 types of analog inputs:

Current input: 0–20 mA and 4–20 mA

•

Voltage input: 0–10 V DC

•

Analog outputs

The analog outputs can supply a signal of 0–20 mA, 4– 20 mA, or a digital signal.

Automatic motor adaptation, AMA

The AMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters for the connected motor at standstill and compensates for the resistance based on the length of the motor cable.

Digital inputs

The digital inputs can be used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter.

Digital outputs

Illustration 1.1 Break-away Torque

The frequency converter provides 2 solid-state outputs that can supply a 24 V DC (maximum 40 mA) signal.

Relay outputs

VLT

The eciency of the frequency converter is dened as the ratio between the power output and the power input.

Start-disable command

A stop command belonging to the group 1 control commands, see Table 1.4.

Stop command

See Table 1.4.

Analog reference

A signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54. It can be voltage or current.

•

Current input: 0–20 mA and 4–20 mA

Voltage input: 0–10 V DC

Bus reference

A signal transmitted to the serial communication port (FC port).

The frequency converter provides 2 programmable relay outputs.

ETR

Electronic thermal relay is a thermal load calculation based on present load and time. Its purpose is to estimate the motor temperature and prevent overheating of the motor.

Initializing

If initializing is carried out (parameter 14-22 Operation Mode), the programmable parameters of the frequency

converter return to their default settings. Parameter 14-22 Operation Mode does not initialize communication parameters, fault log, or re mode log.

Intermittent duty cycle

An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an o-load period. The operation can be either periodic duty or noneperiodic duty.

Introduction Design Guide

LCP

The local control panel (LCP) makes up a complete interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The control panel is detachable on IP20 units and xed on IP54 units. It can be installed up to 3 m (9.8 ft) from the frequency converter, that is, in a front panel with the installation kit option.

Lsb

Least signicant bit.

MCM

Short for mille circular mil, an American measuring unit for cable cross-section. 1 MCM = 0.5067 mm2.

Msb

Most signicant bit.

On-line/O-line parameters

Changes to on-line parameters are activated immediately after the data value is changed. Press [OK] to activate o- line parameters.

PI controller

The PI controller maintains the desired speed, pressure, temperature, and so on, by adjusting the output frequency to match the varying load.

RCD

Residual current device.

Set-up

Parameter settings in 2 set-ups can be saved. Change between the 2 parameter set-ups and edit 1 set-up, while another set-up is active.

Slip compensation

The frequency converter compensates for the motor slip by giving the frequency a supplement that follows the measured motor load keeping the motor speed almost constant.

Smart logic control (SLC)

The SLC is a sequence of user-dened actions executed when the associated user-dened events are evaluated as true by the SLC.

Thermistor

A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the temperature is to be monitored (frequency converter or motor).

Trip

A state entered in fault situations, for example, if the frequency converter is subject to an overtemperature or when the frequency converter is protecting the motor, process, or mechanism. Restart is prevented until the cause of the fault does not exist and the trip state is canceled by activating reset or, sometimes, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip for personal safety.

Trip lock

A state entered in fault situations when the frequency converter is protecting itself and requiring physical intervention, for example, if the frequency converter is subject to a short circuit on the output. A locked trip can only be canceled by cutting o mains, removing the cause of the fault, and reconnecting the frequency converter. Restart is prevented until the trip state is canceled by activating reset or, sometimes, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip lock for personal safety.

VT characteristics

Variable torque characteristics used for pumps and fans.

VVC

If compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control, voltage vector control (VVC+) improves the dynamics and the stability, both when the speed reference is changed and in relation to the load torque.

Power Factor

1.7

The power factor indicates to which extent the frequency converter imposes a load on the mains supply. The power factor is the ratio between I1 and I fundamental current, and I

RMS

, where I1 is the

RMS

is the total RMS current including harmonic currents. The lower the power factor, the higher the I

Powerfactor =

for the same kW performance.

RMS

3 × U × I1× cosϕ

3 × U × I

RMS

The power factor for 3-phase control:

Power factor =

= I

 + I

RMS

I1 × cosϕ1

RMS

 + I

 +  .  .  + I

sincecosϕ1 = 1

RMS

A high-power factor indicates that the dierent harmonic currents are low. The frequency converters built-in DC coils produce a highpower factor, which minimizes the imposed load on the mains supply.

1 1

Introduction

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

1.8 Regulatory Compliance

Frequency converters are designed in compliance with the directives described in this section.

1.8.1 CE Mark

The CE mark (Communauté Européenne) indicates that the product manufacturer conforms to all applicable EU directives. The EU directives applicable to the design and manufacture of frequency converters are listed in Table 1.5.

NOTICE

The CE mark does not regulate the quality of the product. Technical specications cannot be deduced from the CE mark.

CE mark, but must comply with the basic protection requirements of the EMC directive.

1.8.1.3 ErP Directive

The ErP directive is the European Ecodesign Directive for energy-related products. The directive sets ecodesign requirements for energy-related products, including frequency converters. The directive aims at increasing energy eciency and the level of protection of the environment, while increasing the security of the energy supply. Environmental impact of energy-related products includes energy consumption throughout the entire product life cycle.

1.8.2 UL Compliance

UL-listed

NOTICE

Frequency converters with an integrated safety function must comply with the machinery directive.

EU directive Version

Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU

EMC Directive 2014/30/EU

ErP Directive

Illustration 1.2 UL

NOTICE

IP54 units are not certied for UL.

Table 1.5 EU Directives Applicable to Frequency Converters

Declarations of conformity are available on request.

1.8.1.1 Low Voltage Directive

The low voltage directive applies to all electrical equipment in the 50–1000 V AC and the 75–1600 V DC voltage ranges.

The aim of the directive is to ensure personal safety and avoid property damage, when operating electrical equipment that is installed and maintained correctly in its intended application.

1.8.1.2 EMC Directive

The purpose of the EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) directive is to reduce electromagnetic interference and enhance immunity of electrical equipment and installations. The basic protection requirement of the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU states that devices that generate electromagnetic interference (EMI), or whose operation could be aected by EMI, must be designed to limit the generation of electromagnetic interference and shall have a suitable degree of immunity to EMI when properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.

Electrical equipment devices used alone or as part of a system must bear the CE mark. Systems do not require the

The frequency converter complies with UL 508C thermal memory retention requirements. For more information, refer to the section Motor Thermal Protection in the product-specic design guide.

1.8.3 RCM Mark Compliance

Illustration 1.3 RCM Mark

The RCM Mark label indicates compliance with the applicable technical standards for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). An RCM Mark label is required for placing electrical and electronic devices on the market in Australia and New Zealand. The RCM Mark regulatory arrangements only deal with conducted and radiated emission. For frequency converters, the emission limits specied in EN/IEC 61800-3 apply. A declaration of conformity can be provided on request.

089

Introduction Design Guide

1.8.4 EAC

Illustration 1.4 EAC Mark

The EurAsian Conformity (EAC) mark indicates that the product conforms to all requirements and technical regulations applicable to the product per the EurAsian Customs Union, which is composed of the member states of the EurAsian Economic Union.

The EAC logo must be both on the product label and on the packaging label. All products used within the EAC area, must be bought at Danfoss inside the EAC area.

1.8.5 UkrSEPRO

Illustration 1.5 UkrSEPRO

1 1

UKrSEPRO certicate ensures quality and safety of both products and services, in addition to manufacturing stability according to Ukrainian regulatory standards. The UkrSepro certicate is a required document to clear customs for any products coming into and out of the territory of Ukraine.

Safety

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

2 Safety

2.1 Qualied Personnel

Correct and reliable transport, storage, installation, operation, and maintenance are required for the troublefree and safe operation of the frequency converter. Only qualied personnel are allowed to install or operate this equipment.

Qualied personnel are dened as trained sta, who are authorized to install, commission, and maintain equipment, systems, and circuits in accordance with pertinent laws and regulations. Also, the personnel must be familiar with the instructions and safety measures described in this guide.

2.2 Safety Precautions

WARNING

HIGH VOLTAGE

Frequency converters contain high voltage when connected to AC mains input, DC supply, or load sharing. Failure to perform installation, start-up, and maintenance by qualied personnel can result in death or serious injury.

Only qualied personnel must perform instal-

•

lation, start-up, and maintenance.

Before performing any service or repair work,

•

use an appropriate voltage measuring device to make sure that there is no remaining voltage on the frequency converter.

WARNING

UNINTENDED START

When the drive is connected to AC mains, DC supply, or load sharing, the motor can start at any time. Unintended start during programming, service, or repair work can result in death, serious injury, or property damage. The motor can start with an external switch, a eldbus command, an input reference signal from the LCP or LOP, via remote operation using MCT 10 Set-up Software, or after a cleared fault condition.

To prevent unintended motor start:

Press [O/Reset] on the LCP before

•

programming parameters.

Disconnect the drive from the mains.

•

Completely wire and assemble the drive, motor,

•

and any driven equipment before connecting the drive to AC mains, DC supply, or load sharing.

WARNING

DISCHARGE TIME

The frequency converter contains DC-link capacitors, which can remain charged even when the frequency converter is not powered. High voltage can be present even when the warning LED indicator lights are o. Failure to wait the specied time after power has been removed before performing service or repair work can result in death or serious injury.

Stop the motor.

•

Disconnect AC mains and remote DC-link power

•

supplies, including battery back-ups, UPS, and DC-link connections to other frequency converters.

Disconnect or lock PM motor.

•

Wait for the capacitors to discharge fully. The

•

minimum duration of waiting time is specied in Table 2.1.

Before performing any service or repair work,

•

use an appropriate voltage measuring device to make sure that the capacitors are fully discharged.

Voltage [V] Power range [kW (hp)] Minimum waiting time

(minutes)

3x200 0.25–3.7 (0.33–5) 4

3x200 5.5–11 (7–15) 15

3x400 0.37–7.5 (0.5–10) 4

3x400 11–90 (15–125) 15

3x600 2.2–7.5 (3–10) 4

3x600 11–90 (15–125) 15

Table 2.1 Discharge Time

WARNING

LEAKAGE CURRENT HAZARD

Leakage currents exceed 3.5 mA. Failure to ground the frequency converter properly can result in death or serious injury.

Ensure the correct grounding of the equipment

•

by a certied electrical installer.

Safety Design Guide

WARNING

EQUIPMENT HAZARD

Contact with rotating shafts and electrical equipment can result in death or serious injury.

Ensure that only trained and qualied personnel

•

perform installation, start-up, and maintenance.

Ensure that electrical work conforms to national

•

and local electrical codes.

Follow the procedures in this manual.

•

CAUTION

INTERNAL FAILURE HAZARD

An internal failure in the frequency converter can result in serious injury when the frequency converter is not properly closed.

Ensure that all safety covers are in place and

•

securely fastened before applying power.

2 2

130BA780.11

SYSTEM CURVE

FAN CURVE

PRESSURE %

100

120

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

VOLUME %

120

100

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

120

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Volume %

INPUT POWER % PRESSURE %

SYSTEM CURVE

FAN CURVE

130BA781.11

ENERGY CONSUMED

Product Overview

3 Product Overview

3.1 Advantages

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.1.1 Why use a Frequency Converter for Controlling Fans and Pumps?

A frequency converter takes advantage of the fact that centrifugal fans and pumps follow the laws of proportionality for such fans and pumps. For further information, see chapter 3.1.3 Example of Energy Savings.

3.1.2 The Clear Advantage - Energy Savings

The clear advantage of using a frequency converter for controlling the speed of fans or pumps lies in the electricity savings. When comparing with alternative control systems and technologies, a frequency converter is the optimum energy control system for controlling fan and pump systems.

Illustration 3.1 Fan Curves (A, B, and C) for Reduced Fan

Volumes

Illustration 3.2 Energy Savings with Frequency Converter

Solution

When using a frequency converter to reduce fan capacity to 60% - more than 50% energy savings may be obtained in typical applications.

3.1.3 Example of Energy Savings

As shown in Illustration 3.3, the ow is controlled by changing the RPM. By reducing the speed by only 20% from the rated speed, the ow is also reduced by 20%. This is because the ow is directly proportional to the RPM. The consumption of electricity, however, is reduced by 50%. If the system in question only needs to be able to supply a ow that corresponds to 100% a few days in a year, while the average is below 80% of the rated ow for the remainder of the year, the amount of energy saved is even more than 50%.

100%

50%

25%

12,5%

50% 100%

80%

175HA208.10

Power ~n

Pressure ~n

Flow ~n

130BA782.10

Discharge damper

Less energy savings

IGV

Costlier installation

Maximum energy savings

130BA779.12

0 60 0 60 0 60

100

Discharge Damper Solution

IGV Solution

VLT Solution

Energy consumed

Input power %

Volume %

Product Overview Design Guide

Illustration 3.3 describes the dependence of ow, pressure, and power consumption on RPM.

Illustration 3.3 Laws of Proportionally

3 3

Flow: 

Pressure: 

Power:

P P

 = 

H H

 = 

Q = Flow P = Power

Q1 = Rated ow P1 = Rated power

Q2 = Reduced ow P2 = Reduced power

H = Pressure n = Speed control

H1 = Rated pressure n1 = Rated speed

H2 = Reduced pressure n2 = Reduced speed

Table 3.1 The Laws of Proportionality

3.1.4 Comparison of Energy Savings

The Danfoss frequency converter solution oers major savings compared with traditional energy saving solutions such as discharge damper solution and inlet guide vanes (IGV) solution. This is because the frequency converter is able to control fan speed according to thermal load on the system, and the frequency converter has a built-in facility that enables the frequency converter to function as a building management system, BMS.

Illustration 3.3 shows typical energy savings obtainable with 3 well-known solutions when fan volume is reduced to 60%. As the graph shows, more than 50% energy savings can be achieved in typical applications.

Illustration 3.4 The 3 Common Energy Saving Systems

Illustration 3.5 Energy Savings

Discharge dampers reduce power consumption. Inlet guide vanes oer a 40% reduction, but are expensive to install. The Danfoss frequency converter solution reduces energy consumption with more than 50% and is easy to install. It also reduces noise, mechanical stress, and wear-and-tear, and extends the life span of the entire application.

500

[h]

1000

1500

2000

200100 300

/h]

400

175HA210.11

175HA209.11

0 100 200 300 400

(mwg)

750rpm

1050rpm

1350rpm

1650rpm

(kW)

200100 300

(

m3 /h

)

(

m3 /h

)

400

750rpm

1050rpm

1350rpm

1650rpm

shaft

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.1.5 Example with Varying Flow over 1 Year

This example is calculated based on pump characteristics obtained from a pump datasheet.

The result obtained shows energy savings of more than 50% at the given ow distribution over a year. The payback period depends on the price per kWh and the price of frequency converter. In this example, it is less than a year when compared with valves and constant speed.

Energy savings

= P

shaft

shaft output

Illustration 3.6 Flow Distribution over 1 Year

Illustration 3.7 Energy

Distri-

m3/

bution

% Hours Power

A1 - B

Valve regulation

Consump-

tion

kWh A1 - C

Frequency converter

control

Power

Consump-

tion

kWh

350 5 438 42.5 18.615 42.5 18.615

300 15 1314 38.5 50.589 29.0 38.106

250 20 1752 35.0 61.320 18.5 32.412

200 20 1752 31.5 55.188 11.5 20.148

150 20 1752 28.0 49.056 6.5 11.388

100 20 1752 23.0 40.296 3.5 6.132

100 8760 – 275.064 – 26.801

Table 3.2 Result

3.1.6 Better Control

If a frequency converter is used for controlling the ow or pressure of a system, improved control is obtained. A frequency converter can vary the speed of the fan or pump, obtaining variable control of ow and pressure. Furthermore, a frequency converter can quickly adapt the speed of the fan or pump to new ow or pressure conditions in the system. Simple control of process (ow, level, or pressure) utilizing the built-in PI control.

Full load

% Full-load current

& speed

500

100

0 12,5 25 37,5 50Hz

200

300

400

600

700

800

175HA227.10

Product Overview Design Guide

3.1.7 Star/Delta Starter or Soft Starter not Required

When larger motors are started, it is necessary in many countries to use equipment that limits the start-up current. In more traditional systems, a star/delta starter or soft starter is widely used. Such motor starters are not required if a frequency converter is used.

As illustrated in Illustration 3.8, a frequency converter does not consume more than rated current.

3.1.8 Using a Frequency Converter Saves Money

The example in chapter 3.1.9 Without a Frequency Converter shows that a frequency converter replaces other equipment. It is possible to calculate the cost of installing the 2 dierent systems. In the example, the 2 systems can be established at roughly the same price.

Use the VLT® Energy Box software that is introduced in chapter 1.5 Additional Resources to calculate the cost savings that can be achieved by using a frequency converter.

3 3

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

2 Star/delta starter

3 Soft starter

4 Start directly on mains

Illustration 3.8 Start-up Current

- +

x6 x6

175HA205.12

Valve position

Starter

Fuses

supply

P.F.C

Flow

3-Port valve

Bypass

Return

Control

Supply air

V.A.V

outlets

Duct

P.F.C

Mains

Fuses

Starter

Bypass

supply

Return

valve

3-Port

Flow

Control

Valve position

Starter

Power Factor Correction

Mains

IGV

Mechanical linkage and vanes

Fan

Motor or actuator

Main B.M.S

Local D.D.C. control

Sensors PT

Pressure control signal 0/10V

Temperature control signal 0/10V

Control

Mains

Cooling section Heating section

Fan sectionInlet guide vane

Pump Pump

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.1.9 Without a Frequency Converter

D.D.C. Direct digital control

E.M.S. Energy management system

V.A.V. Variable air volume

Sensor P Pressure

Sensor T Temperature

Illustration 3.9 Traditional Fan System

175HA206.11

Pump

Flow

Return

Supply air

V.A.V

outlets

Duct

Mains

Pump

Return

Flow

Mains

Fan

Main B.M.S

Local D.D.C. control

Sensors

Mains

Cooling section Heating section

Fan section

Pressure control 0-10V or 0/4-20mA

Control temperature 0-10V or 0/4-20mA

VLT

- +

VLT

x3 x3

Product Overview Design Guide

3.1.10 With a Frequency Converter

3 3

D.D.C. Direct digital control

E.M.S. Energy management system

V.A.V. Variable air volume

Sensor P Pressure

Sensor T Temperature

Illustration 3.10 Fan System Controlled by Frequency Converters

3.1.11 Application Examples

The following sections give typical examples of applications within HVAC.

3.1.12 Variable Air Volume

VAV or variable air volume systems, control both the ventilation and temperature to fulll the requirements of a building. Central VAV systems are considered to be the most energy-ecient method to air condition buildings. By designing central systems instead of distributed systems, a greater eciency can be obtained. The eciency comes from utilizing larger fans and larger chillers which have much higher eciencies than small motors and distributed air-cooled chillers. Savings are also seen from the decreased maintenance requirements.

Frequency converter

Cooling coil

Heating coil

Filter

Pressure signal

Supply fan

VAV boxes

Flow

Pressure transmitter

Return fan

130BB455.10

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.1.13 The VLT Solution

Centrifugal devices such as fans behave according to the centrifugal laws. This means that the fans decrease the

While dampers and IGVs work to maintain a constant pressure in the ductwork, a frequency converter solution saves much more energy and reduces the complexity of the installation. Instead of creating an articial pressure

drop or causing a decrease in fan eciency, the frequency

pressure and ow they produce as their speed is reduced. Their power consumption is thereby signicantly reduced.

The PI controller of the VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 can be used to eliminate the need for additional controllers.

converter decreases the speed of the fan to provide the ow and pressure required by the system.

Illustration 3.11 Variable Air Volume

Frequency converter

Pressure signal

Cooling coil

Heating coil

Filter

Pressure transmitter

Supply fan

Return fan

Temperature signal

Temperature transmitter

130BB451.10

Product Overview Design Guide

3.1.14 Constant Air Volume

CAV, or constant air volume systems, are central ventilation systems usually used to supply large common zones with the minimum amounts of fresh tempered air. They preceded VAV systems and are therefore found in older multi-zoned commercial buildings as well. These systems preheat amounts of fresh air utilizing air handling units (AHUs) with a heating coil, and many are also used to air condition buildings and have a cooling coil. Fan coil units are frequently used to assist in the heating and cooling requirements in the individual zones.

3.1.15 The VLT Solution

With a frequency converter, signicant energy savings can be obtained while maintaining decent control of the building. Temperature sensors or CO2 sensors can be used as feedback signals to frequency converters. Whether controlling temperature, air quality, or both, a CAV system can be controlled to operate based on actual building conditions. As the number of people in the controlled area decreases, the need for fresh air decreases. The CO2 sensor detects lower levels and decreases the supply fans speed. The return fan modulates to maintain a static pressure setpoint or

airows.

xed dierence between the supply and return

With temperature control, especially used in air conditioning systems, as the outside temperature varies as well as the number of people in the controlled zone changes, dierent cooling requirements exist. As the temperature decreases below the setpoint, the supply fan can decrease its speed. The return fan modulates to maintain a static pressure setpoint. By decreasing the air ow, energy used to heat or cool the fresh air is also reduced, adding further savings. Several features of the Danfoss HVAC dedicated frequency converter can be utilized to improve the performance of the CAV system. One concern of controlling a ventilation system is poor air quality. The programmable minimum frequency can be set to maintain a minimum amount of supply air regardless of the feedback or reference signal. The frequency converter also includes a PI controller, which allows monitoring both temperature and air quality. Even if the temperature requirement is fullled, the frequency converter maintains enough supply air to satisfy the air quality sensor. The controller is capable of monitoring and comparing 2 feedback signals to control the return fan by maintaining a xed dierential airow between the supply and return ducts as well.

3 3

Illustration 3.12 Constant Air Volume

Frequency converter

Water Inlet

Water Outlet

CHILLER

Temperature Sensor

BASIN

Conderser Water pump

Supply

130BB453.10

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.1.16 Cooling Tower Fan

Several features of the Danfoss HVAC dedicated frequency converter can be utilized to improve the performance of

Cooling tower fans cool condenser-water in water-cooled chiller systems. Water-cooled chillers provide the most ecient means of creating chilled water. They are as much as 20% more ecient than air cooled chillers. Depending

on climate, cooling towers are often the most energy ecient method of cooling the condenser-water from chillers. They cool the condenser water by evaporation.

cooling tower fans applications. As the cooling tower fans drop below a certain speed, the eect the fan has on cooling the water becomes small. Also, when utilizing a gearbox to frequency control the tower fan, a minimum speed of 40–50% is required. The customer programmable minimum frequency setting is available to maintain this minimum frequency even as the feedback or speed reference calls for lower speeds.

The condenser water is sprayed into the cooling tower until the cooling towers ll to increase its surface area. The tower fan blows air through the ll and sprayed water to aid in the evaporation. Evaporation removes energy from the water dropping its temperature. The cooled water collects in the cooling towers basin where it is pumped back into the chillers condenser and the cycle is repeated.

Also as a standard feature, the frequency converter can be programmed to enter a sleep mode and stop the fan until a higher speed is required. Additionally, some cooling tower fans have undesirable frequencies that may cause vibrations. These frequencies can easily be avoided by programming the bypass frequency ranges in the frequency converter.

3.1.17 The VLT Solution

With a frequency converter, the cooling tower fans can be controlled to the required speed to maintain the condenser-water temperature. The frequency converters can also be used to turn the fan on and o as needed.

Illustration 3.13 Cooling Tower Fan

Frequency converter

Water Inlet

Water Outlet

BASIN

Flow or pressure sensor

Condenser Water pump

Throttling valve

Supply

CHILLER

130BB452.10

Product Overview Design Guide

3.1.18 Condenser Pumps

Condenser water pumps are primarily used to circulate water through the condenser section of water cooled chillers and their associated cooling tower. The condenser water absorbs the heat from the chiller's condenser section and releases it into the atmosphere in the cooling tower. These systems are used to provide the most ecient means of creating chilled water, they are as much as 20% more ecient than air cooled chillers.

3.1.19 The VLT Solution

Frequency converters can be added to condenser water pumps instead of balancing the pumps with a throttling valve or trimming the pump impeller.

Using a frequency converter instead of a throttling valve simply saves the energy that would have been absorbed by the valve. This can amount to savings of 15–20% or more. Trimming the pump impeller is irreversible, thus if the conditions change and higher ow is required the impeller must be replaced.

3 3

Illustration 3.14 Condenser Pumps

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.1.20 Primary Pumps

Primary pumps in a primary/secondary pumping system can be used to maintain a constant ow through devices that encounter operation or control diculties when

exposed to variable ow. The primary/secondary pumping technique decouples the primary production loop from the secondary distribution loop. This allows devices such as chillers to obtain constant design ow and operate properly while allowing the rest of the system to vary in

ow.

As the evaporator ow rate decreases in a chiller, the chilled water begins to become overchilled. As this happens, the chiller attempts to decrease its cooling capacity. If the ow rate drops far enough, or too quickly, the chiller cannot shed its load suciently and the chiller’s safety trips the chiller requiring a manual reset. This situation is common in large installations especially when 2 or more chillers in parallel are installed if primary/ secondary pumping is not utilized.

3.1.21 The VLT Solution

Depending on the size of the system and the size of the primary loop, the energy consumption of the primary loop can become substantial. A frequency converter can be added to the primary system to replace the throttling valve and/or trimming of the impellers, leading to reduced operating expenses. 2 control methods are common:

Flow meter

Because the desired ow meter installed at the discharge of each chiller, can be used to control the pump directly. Using the built-in PI controller, the frequency converter always maintains the appropriate ow rate, even compensating for the changing resistance in the primary piping loop as chillers and their pumps are staged on and o.

Local speed determination

The operator simply decreases the output frequency until the design ow rate is achieved. Using a frequency converter to decrease the pump speed is very similar to trimming the pump impeller, except it does not require any labor, and the pump eciency remains higher. The balancing contractor simply decreases the speed of the pump until the proper ow rate is achieved and leaves the speed xed. The pump operates at this speed any time the chiller is staged on. Because the primary loop does not have control valves or other devices that can cause the system curve to change, and the variance due to staging pumps and chillers on and o is usually small, this xed speed remains appropriate. If the ow rate needs to be increased later in the system’s life, the frequency converter can simply increase the pump speed instead of requiring a new pump impeller.

ow rate is known and is constant, a

Frequency converter

CHILLER

Flowmeter

F F

130BB456.10

Product Overview Design Guide

3 3

Illustration 3.15 Primary Pumps

Frequency converter

CHILLER

130BB454.10

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.1.22 Secondary Pumps

With the proper sensor location, the addition of frequency converters allows the pumps to vary their speed to follow

Secondary pumps in a primary/secondary chilled water pumping system distribute the chilled water to the loads from the primary production loop. The primary/secondary pumping system is used to hydronically de-couple 1 piping

loop from another. In this case, the primary pump is used to maintain a constant ow through the chillers while allowing the secondary pumps to vary in ow, increase control and save energy. If the primary/secondary concept is not used in the design of a variable volume system when the ow rate drops far enough or too quickly, the chiller cannot shed its load

the system curve instead of the pump curve. This results in the elimination of wasted energy and eliminates most of the overpressurization that 2-way valves can be subjected to. As the monitored loads are reached, the 2-way valves close down. This increases the dierential pressure measured across the load and the 2-way valve. As this dierential pressure starts to rise, the pump is slowed to maintain the control head also called setpoint value. This setpoint value is calculated by summing the pressure drop of the load and the 2-way valve together under design conditions.

properly. The chiller’s low evaporator temperature safety then trips the chiller requiring a manual reset. This situation is common in large installations especially when 2 or more chillers in parallel are installed.

NOTICE

When running multiple pumps in parallel, they must run at the same speed to maximize energy savings, either with individual dedicated frequency converters or 1

3.1.23 The VLT Solution

frequency converter running multiple pumps in parallel.

While the primary-secondary system with 2-way valves improves energy savings and eases system control problems, the true energy savings and control potential is realized by adding frequency converters.

Illustration 3.16 Secondary Pumps

130BB892.10

100%

-100%

100%

Local reference scaled to Hz

Auto mode

Hand mode

LCP Hand on, oﬀ and auto on keys

Local

Remote

Reference

Ramp

P 4-10 Motor speed direction

To motor control

Reference handling Remote reference

P 4-14 Motor speed high limit [Hz]

P 4-12 Motor speed low limit [Hz]

P 3-4* Ramp 1 P 3-5* Ramp 2

Hand On

Oﬀ Reset

Auto On

130BB893.10

Product Overview Design Guide

3.2 Control Structures

Select [0] Open loop or [1] Closed loop in parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode.

3.2.1 Control Structure Open Loop

Illustration 3.17 Open-loop Structure

3 3

In the conguration shown in Illustration 3.17, parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode is set to [0] Open loop.

The resulting reference from the reference handling system or the local reference is received and fed through the ramp limitation and speed limitation before being sent to the motor control. The output from the motor control is then limited by the maximum frequency limit.

Current limitations for PM motors:

induction motors and 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp) (400 V) for PM motors.

Currently only supported up to 22 kW (30 hp).

•

LC lters are not supported with PM motors.

•

Kinetic back-up algorithm is not supported with

•

PM motors.

3.2.2 PM/EC+ Motor Control

Support only complete AMA of the stator

•

resistance Rs in the system.

The Danfoss EC+ concept provides the possibility for using high-ecient PM motors (permanent magnet motors) in IEC standard enclosure sizes operated by Danfoss

No stall detection (supported from software

•

version 2.80).

frequency converters. The commissioning procedure is comparable to the existing one for asynchronous (induction) motors by

3.2.3 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control

utilizing the Danfoss VVC+ PM control strategy.

The frequency converter can be operated manually via the

Customer advantages:

Free choice of motor technology (permanent

•

magnet or induction motor).

Installation and operation as know on induction

•

motors.

Manufacturer independent when selecting system

•

components (for example, motors).

Best system eciency by selecting best

•

components.

Possible retrot of existing installations.

•

Power range: 45 kW (60 hp) (200 V ), 0.37–90 kW

•

(0.5–121 hp) (400 V), 90 kW (121 hp) (600 V) for

local control panel (LCP) or remotely via analog/digital inputs or serial bus. If allowed in parameter 0-40 [Hand on]

Key on LCP, parameter 0-44 [O/Reset] Key on LCP, and parameter 0-42 [Auto on] Key on LCP, it is possible to start

and stop the frequency converter via LCP by pressing [Hand On] and [O/Reset]. Alarms can be reset via the [O/Reset] key.

Illustration 3.18 LCP Keys

7-30 PI

Normal/Inverse

Control

Reference

Feedback

Scale to speed

P 4-10

Motor speed

direction

To motor

control

130BB894.11

100%

-100%

100%

*[-1]

130BB895.10

Ref. signal

Desired

ow

FB conversion

Ref.

Flow

FB signal

Flow

P 20-01

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Local reference forces the conguration mode to openloop, independent on the setting of parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode.

For example, consider a pump application where the speed of a pump is to be controlled to ensure a constant static pressure in a pipe. The static pressure value is supplied to the frequency converter as the setpoint reference. A static

Local reference is restored at power-down.

pressure sensor measures the actual static pressure in the pipe and supplies this data to the frequency converter as a

3.2.4 Control Structure Closed Loop

The internal controller allows the frequency converter to become a part of the controlled system. The frequency converter receives a feedback signal from a sensor in the system. It then compares this feedback to a setpoint

feedback signal. If the feedback signal is greater than the setpoint reference, the frequency converter slows the pump down to reduce the pressure. In a similar way, if the pipe pressure is lower than the setpoint reference, the frequency converter automatically speeds the pump up to increase the pressure provided by the pump.

reference value and determines the error, if any, between these 2 signals. It then adjusts the speed of the motor to correct this error.

Illustration 3.19 Control Structure Closed-loop

While the default values for the closed-loop controller of

3.2.5 Feedback Conversion

the frequency converter often provide satisfactory performance, the control of the system can often be optimized by adjusting parameters.

In some applications, it may be useful to convert the feedback signal. One example of this is using a pressure signal to provide ow feedback. Since the square root of pressure is proportional to ow, the square root of the pressure signal yields a value proportional to the ow. See Illustration 3.20.

Illustration 3.20 Feedback Signal Conversion

Speed open loop

mode

Input command:

freeze reference

Process control

Scale to Hz

Scale to process unit

Remote reference/ setpoint

±200% Feedback handling

Remote reference in %

maxRefPCT

minRefPct

min-max ref

Freeze reference & increase/ decrease reference

±100%

Input commands:

Speed up/speed down

±200%

Relative reference = X+X*Y/100

±200%

External reference in %

±200%

Parameter choise: Reference resource 1,2,3

±100%

Preset reference

Input command: preset ref bit0, bit1, bit2

Relative scalling reference

Intern resource

Preset relative reference ±100%

Preset reference 0 ±100% Preset reference 1 ±100% Preset reference 2 ±100%

Preset reference 3 ±100% Preset reference 4 ±100% Preset reference 5 ±100%

Preset reference 6 ±100% Preset reference 7 ±100%

External resource 1

No function

Analog reference ±200 %

Local bus reference ±200 % Pulse input reference ±200 %

Pulse input reference ±200 %

External resource 2

No function Analog reference ±200 %

Local bus reference ±200 %

External resource 3 No function

Analog reference ±200 %

Local bus reference ±200 %

130BE842.10

Product Overview Design Guide

3.2.6 Reference Handling

Details for open-loop and closed-loop operation.

3 3

Illustration 3.21 Block Diagram Showing Remote Reference

The remote reference consists of:

•

Up to 8 preset references can be programmed in the frequency converter. The active preset reference can be selected using digital inputs or the serial communications bus. The reference can also be supplied externally, most commonly from an analog input. This external source is selected by 1 of the 3 reference source parameters (parameter 3-15 Reference 1 Source,

parameter 3-16 Reference 2 Source, and parameter 3-17 Reference 3 Source). All reference resources

and the bus reference are added to produce the total external reference. The external reference, the preset reference, or the sum of the 2 can be selected to be the active reference. Finally, this reference can by be scaled using parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference.

Preset references.

External references (analog inputs and serial communication bus references).

The preset relative reference.

Feedback-controlled setpoint.

The scaled reference is calculated as follows:

Reference = X + X  × 

Where X is the external reference, the preset reference or the sum of these and Y is parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference in [%].

100

If Y, parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference, is set to 0%, the reference is not aected by the scaling.

110%

100%

90 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 % 0

out

[%]

fsw[kHz]

130BC217.10

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

out

[%]

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113 oF

122

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

out

[%]

130BC219.10

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.2.7 Tuning the Drive Closed-loop Controller

Once the frequency converter's closed-loop controller has been set up, test the performance of the controller. Often, its performance may be acceptable using the default

values of parameter 20-93 PI Proportional Gain and parameter 20-94 PI Integral Time. However, sometimes it

may be helpful to optimize these parameter values to provide faster system response while still controlling speed overshoot.

3.2.8 Manual PI Adjustment

Illustration 3.22 0.25–0.75 kW (0.34–1.0 hp), 200 V, Enclosure

1. Start the motor.

2. Set parameter 20-93 PI Proportional Gain to 0.3 and increase it until the feedback signal begins to oscillate. If necessary, start and stop the frequency converter or make step changes in the setpoint reference to attempt to cause oscillation.

3. Reduce the PI proportional gain until the feedback signal stabilizes.

4. Reduce the proportional gain by 40–60%.

5. Set parameter 20-94 PI Integral Time to 20 s and reduce it until the feedback signal begins to oscillate. If necessary, start and stop the frequency converter or make step changes in the setpoint reference to attempt to cause oscillation.

6. Increase the PI integral time until the feedback signal stabilizes.

7. Increase the integral time by 15–50%.

Size H1, IP20

Illustration 3.23 0.37–1.5 kW (0.5–2.0 hp), 400 V, Enclosure

Size H1, IP20

Ambient Running Conditions

3.3

The frequency converter has been designed to meet the IEC/EN 60068-2-3 standard, EN 50178 9.4.2.2 at 50 °C (122 °F).

The ambient temperature measured over 24 hours should be at least 5 °C (41 °F) lower than the maximum ambient temperature. If the frequency converter is operated at high ambient temperature, decrease the continuous output current.

Illustration 3.24 2.2 kW (3.0 hp), 200 V, Enclosure Size H2, IP20

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

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110%

out

[%]

130BC220.11

104 oF

113 oF

122

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

out

[%]

130BC221.10

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110 %

out

[%]

104 oF

113 oF

122 oF

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

out

[%]

130BC223.10

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

out

[%]

130BC224.10

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

out

[%]

Product Overview Design Guide

3 3

Illustration 3.25 2.2–4.0 kW (3.0–5.4 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size

H2, IP20

Illustration 3.26 3.7 kW (5.0 hp), 200 V, Enclosure Size H3, IP20

Illustration 3.28 5.5–7.5 kW (7.4–10 hp), 200 V, Enclosure Size

H4, IP20

Illustration 3.29 11–15 kW (15–20 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size

H4, IP20

Illustration 3.27 5.5–7.5 kW (7.4–10 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size

H3, IP20

Illustration 3.30 11 kW (15 hp), 200 V, Enclosure Size H5, IP20

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

out

[%]

130BC226.10

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

100

110

out

[%]

[

kHz

]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

130BC229.10

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

out

[%]

fsw [kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Illustration 3.31 18.5–22 kW (25–30 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size

H5, IP20

Illustration 3.32 15–18.5 kW (20–25 hp), 200 V, Enclosure Size

H6, IP20

Illustration 3.34 45 kW (60 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size H6, IP20

Illustration 3.35 22–30 kW (30–40 hp), 600 V, Enclosure Size

H6, IP20

Illustration 3.36 22–30 kW (30–40 hp), 200 V, Enclosure Size

Illustration 3.33 30–37 kW (40–50 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size

H7, IP20

H6, IP20

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

100

110

out

[%]

[kHz]

20 %

2 4 6 8 10 12

40 %

60 %

80 %

40oC

100 %

110 %

130BC235.10

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

100

110

130BC236.10

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

130BC237.10

Product Overview Design Guide

3 3

Illustration 3.37 55–75 kW (74–100 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size

H7, IP20

Illustration 3.38 45–55 kW (60–74 hp), 600 V, Enclosure Size

H7, IP20

Illustration 3.40 90 kW (120 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size H8, IP20

Illustration 3.41 75–90 kW (100–120 hp), 600 V, Enclosure Size

H8, IP20

Illustration 3.42 2.2–3 kW (3.0–4.0 hp), 600 V, Enclosure Size

Illustration 3.39 37–45 kW (50–60 hp), 200 V, Enclosure Size

H9, IP20

H8, IP20

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

out

[%]

[kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

out

[%]

130BC255.10

fsw[kHz]

20 10

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

out

[%]

130BC256.10

130BD012.10

70%

80%

90%

I [%]

out

60%

100%

110%

2 84106

50 C

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

40 C

12 14 16

fsw[kHz]

Iout [%]

sw [kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

130BC240.10

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Illustration 3.43 5.5–7.5 kW (7.4–10 hp), 600 V, Enclosure Size

H9, IP20

Illustration 3.44 11–15 kW (15–20 hp), 600 V, Enclosure Size

H10, IP20

Illustration 3.46 5.5–7.5 kW (7.4–10 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size

I3, IP54

Illustration 3.47 11–18.5 kW (15–25 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size

I4, IP54

Illustration 3.45 0.75–4.0 kW (1.0–5.4 hp), 400 V, Enclosure

Size I2, IP54

Illustration 3.48 22–30 kW (30–40 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size I6,

IP54

Iout [%]

sw [kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

100

110

130BC241.10

Iout [%]

sw [kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

Iout [%]

sw [kHz]

2 4 6 8 10 12

40oC

100

110

130BC243.10

Product Overview Design Guide

Illustration 3.49 37 kW (50 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size I6, IP54

Illustration 3.50 45–55 kW (60–74 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size I7,

IP54

If the motor or the equipment driven by the motor - for example, a fan - makes noise or vibrations at certain frequencies, congure the following parameters or parameter groups to reduce or eliminate the noise or vibrations:

Parameter group 4-6* Speed Bypass.

•

Set parameter 14-03 Overmodulation to [0] O.

•

Switching pattern and switching frequency

•

parameter group 14-0* Inverter Switching.

Parameter 1-64 Resonance Dampening.

•

The acoustic noise from the frequency converter comes from 3 sources:

DC-link coils.

•

Integral fan.

•

RFI lter choke.

•

Enclosure size

Level [dBA]

H1 43.6

H2 50.2

H3 53.8

H4 64

H5 63.7

H6 71.5

H7 67.5 (75 kW (100 hp) 71.5 dB)

H8 73.5

H9 60

H10 62.9

I2 50.2

I3 54

I4 67.4

I6 70

I7 62

I8 65.6

3 3

Table 3.3 Typical Values Measured at a Distance of 1 m (3.28 ft)

from the Unit

1) The values are measured under the background of 35 dBA noise

and the fan running with full speed.

The frequency converter has been tested according to the procedure based on the shown standards, Table 3.4.

The frequency converter complies with the requirements

Illustration 3.51 75–90 kW (100–120 hp), 400 V, Enclosure Size

I8, IP54

that exist for units mounted on the walls and production premises, and in panels bolted to walls or

oors of

oors.

IEC/EN 60068-2-6 Vibration (sinusoidal) - 1970

IEC/EN 60068-2-64 Vibration, broad-band random

Table 3.4 Standards

A frequency converter contains many mechanical and electronic components. All are to some extent vulnerable to environmental eects.

Product Overview

CAUTION

INSTALLATION ENVIRONMENTS

Do not install the frequency converter in environments with airborne liquids, particles, or gases that may aect or damage the electronic components. Failure to take

necessary protective measures increases the risk of stoppages, potentially causing equipment damage and personnel injury.

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

General Aspects of EMC

3.4

3.4.1 Overview of EMC Emissions

Frequency converters (and other electrical devices) generate electronic or magnetic with their environment. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of these eects depends on the power and the harmonic characteristics of the devices.

elds that may interfere

Liquids can be carried through the air and condense in the frequency converter and may cause corrosion of components and metal parts. Steam, oil, and salt water may cause corrosion of components and metal parts. In such environments, use equipment with enclosure rating IP54. As an extra protection, coated printed circuit boards can be ordered as an option (standard on some power sizes).

Airborne particles such as dust may cause mechanical, electrical, or thermal failure in the frequency converter. A typical indicator of excessive levels of airborne particles is dust particles around the frequency converter fan. In dusty environments, use equipment with enclosure rating IP54 or a cabinet for IP20/TYPE 1 equipment.

In environments with high temperatures and humidity, corrosive gases such as sulphur, nitrogen, and chlorine compounds cause chemical processes on the frequency converter components.

Such chemical reactions rapidly electronic components. In such environments, mount the equipment in a cabinet with fresh air ventilation, keeping aggressive gases away from the frequency converter. An extra protection in such areas is a coating of the printed circuit boards, which can be ordered as an option.

Before installing the frequency converter, check the ambient air for liquids, particles, and gases. This is done by observing existing installations in this environment. Typical indicators of harmful airborne liquids are water or oil on metal parts, or corrosion of metal parts.

Excessive dust particle levels are often found on installation cabinets and existing electrical installations. One indicator of aggressive airborne gases is blackening of copper rails and cable ends on existing installations.

aect and damage the

Uncontrolled interaction between electrical devices in a system can degrade compatibility and impair reliable operation. Interference may take the form of mains harmonics distortion, electrostatic discharges, rapid voltage uctuations, or high-frequency interference. Electrical devices generate interference along with being aected by interference from other generated sources.

Electrical interference usually arises at frequencies in the range 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Airborne interference from the frequency converter system in the range 30 MHz to 1 GHz is generated from the inverter, the motor cable, and the motor. Capacitive currents in the motor cable coupled with a high dU/dt from the motor voltage generate leakage currents, as shown in Illustration 3.52. The use of a shielded motor cable increases the leakage current (see Illustration 3.52) because shielded cables have higher capacitance to ground than unshielded cables. If the leakage current is not ltered, it causes greater interference on the mains in the radio frequency range below approximately 5 MHz. Since the leakage current (I1) is carried back to the unit through the shield (I3), there is only a small electro-magnetic eld (I4) from the shielded motor cable according to Illustration 3.52.

The shield reduces the radiated interference, but increases the low-frequency interference on the mains. Connect the motor cable shield to the frequency converter enclosure as well as on the motor enclosure. This is best done by using integrated shield clamps to avoid twisted shield ends (pigtails). Pigtails increase the shield impedance at higher frequencies, which reduces the shield the leakage current (I4). If a shielded cable is used for relay, control cable, signal interface, and brake, mount the shield on the enclosure at both ends. In some situations, however, it is necessary to break the shield to avoid current loops.

eect and increases

If the shield is to be placed on a mounting plate for the frequency converter, the mounting plate must be made of metal, to convey the shield currents back to the unit. Moreover, ensure good electrical contact from the mounting plate through the mounting screws to the frequency converter chassis.

175ZA062.12

Product Overview Design Guide

When using unshielded cables, some emission requirements are not complied with, although most immunity requirements are observed.

as possible. Avoid placing cables with a sensitive signal level alongside motor and brake cables. Radio interference higher than 50 MHz (airborne) is especially generated by the control electronics.

To reduce the interference level from the entire system (unit+installation), make motor and brake cables as short

1 Ground wire 2 Shield 3 AC mains supply

4 Frequency converter 5 Shielded motor cable 6 Motor

3 3

Illustration 3.52 Generation of Leakage Currents

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.4.2 Emission Requirements

The EMC product standard for frequency converters denes 4 categories (C1, C2, C3, and C4) with specied requirements for emission and immunity. Table 3.5 states

the denition of the 4 categories and the equivalent classi- cation from EN 55011.

EN/IEC

61800-3

Category

Denition

Frequency converters installed in

the 1st environment (home and

oce) with a supply voltage less

than 1000 V.

Frequency converters installed in

the 1st environment (home and

oce) with a supply voltage less

than 1000 V, which are neither

plug-in nor movable and are

intended to be installed and

commissioned by a professional.

Frequency converters installed in

the 2nd environment (industrial)

with a supply voltage lower than

1000 V.

Frequency converters installed in

the 2nd environment with a supply

voltage equal to or above 1000 V

or rated current equal to or above

400 A or intended for use in

complex systems.

Equivalent

emission class

in EN 55011

Class B

Class A Group 1

Class A Group 2

No limit line.

Make an EMC

plan.

Table 3.5 Correlation between IEC 61800-3 and

EN 55011

When the generic (conducted) emission standards are used, the frequency converters are required to comply with the limits in Table 3.6.

Environment

First

environment

(home and

oce)

Second

environment

(industrial

environment)

Table 3.6 Correlation between Generic Emission Standards and EN 55011

Generic emission

standard

EN/IEC 61000-6-3 Emission

standard for residential,

commercial and light

industrial environments.

EN/IEC 61000-6-4 Emission

standard for industrial

environments.

Equivalent

emission class in

EN 55011

Class B

Class A Group 1

Product Overview Design Guide

3.4.3 EMC Emission Test Results

The following test results have been obtained using a system with a frequency converter, a shielded control cable, a control box with potentiometer, and a shielded motor cable.

RFI lter

type

Industrial environment

EN 55011

EN/IEC

61800-3

H4 RFI lter (EN55011 A1, EN/IEC61800-3 C2)

0.25–11 kW

(0.34–15 hp)

3x200–240 V

IP20

0.37–22 kW

(0.5–30 hp)

3x380–480 V

IP20

H2 RFI lter (EN 55011 A2, EN/IEC 61800-3 C3)

15–45 kW

(20–60 hp)

3x200–240 V

IP20

30–90 kW

(40–120 hp)

3x380–480 V

IP20

0.75–18.5 kW

(1–25 hp)

3x380–480 V

IP54

22–90 kW

(30–120 hp)

3x380–480 V

IP54

H3 RFI lter (EN55011 A1/B, EN/IEC 61800-3 C2/C1)

15–45 kW

(20–60 hp)

3x200–240 V

IP20

30–90 kW

(40–120 hp)

3x380–480 V

IP20

0.75–18.5 kW

(1–25 hp)

3x380–480 V

IP54

Conduct emission. Maximum shielded cable length [m (ft)] Radiated emission

Class A Group 2

Industrial environment

Category C3

Second environment

Industrial

Without

external

lter

– – 25 (82) 50 (164) – 20 (66) Yes Yes – No

25 (82) – – – – – No – No –

25 (82) – – – – – Yes – – –

25 (82) – – – – – No – No –

– – 50 (164) – 20 (66) – Yes – No –

– – 25 (82) – 10 (33) – Yes – – –

With

external

lter

Class A Group 1

Industrial environment

Category C2

First environment

Home and oce

Without

external

lter

With

external

lter

Class B

Housing, trades and

light industries

Category C1

First environment

Home and oce

Without

external

lter

With

external

lter

Class A Group 1

Industrial environment

Category C2

First environment

Home and oce

Without

external

lter

With

external

lter

Class B

Housing, trades and

light industries

Category C1

First environment

Home and oce

Without

external

lter

With

external

lter

3 3

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

RFI lter

type

Industrial environment

22–90 kW

(30–120 hp)

3x380–480 V

IP54

Table 3.7 EMC Emission Test Results

Conduct emission. Maximum shielded cable length [m (ft)] Radiated emission

– – 25 (82) – 10 (33) – Yes – No –

175HA034.10

Product Overview Design Guide

3.4.4 Overview of Harmonics Emission

A frequency converter takes up a non-sinusoidal current from mains, which increases the input current I

RMS

. A nonsinusoidal current is transformed with a Fourier analysis and split into sine-wave currents with dierent frequencies, that is, dierent harmonic currents In with 50 Hz basic frequency:

Hz 50 250 350

Table 3.8 Harmonic Currents

The harmonics do not aect the power consumption directly, but increase the heat losses in the installation (transformer, cables). So, in plants with a high percentage of rectier load, maintain harmonic currents at a low level to avoid overload of the transformer and high temperature in the cables.

Illustration 3.53 DC-link Coils

NOTICE

Some of the harmonic currents might disturb communication equipment connected to the same transformer or cause resonance with power factor correction batteries.

To ensure low harmonic currents, the frequency converter is equipped with DC-link coils as standard. This normally reduces the input current I

The voltage distortion on the mains supply voltage depends on the size of the harmonic currents multiplied by the mains impedance for the frequency in question. The total voltage distortion THDv is calculated based on the individual voltage harmonics using this formula:

THD

% = U

 + U

 + ... + U

(UN% of U)

RMS

by 40%.

3.4.5 Harmonics Emission Requirements

Equipment connected to the public supply network

Options Denition

IEC/EN 61000-3-2 Class A for 3-phase balanced

equipment (for professional equipment only up to

1 kW (1.3 hp) total power).

IEC/EN 61000-3-12 Equipment 16–75 A and profes-

sional equipment as from 1 kW (1.3 hp) up to 16 A

phase current.

Table 3.9 Connected Equipment

3.4.6 Harmonics Test Results (Emission)

Power sizes up to PK75 in T4 and P3K7 in T2 complies with IEC/EN 61000-3-2 Class A. Power sizes from P1K1 and up to P18K in T2 and up to P90K in T4 complies with IEC/EN 61000-3-12, Table 4.

Actual 0.25–11

kW (0.34–15 hp),

IP20, 200 V

(typical)

Limit for R

Actual 0.25–11

kW (0.34–15 hp),

200 V (typical)

Limit for R

Table 3.10 Harmonic Current 0.25–11 kW (0.34–15 hp), 200 V

Actual 0.37–22

kW (0.5–30 hp),

IP20, 380–480 V

(typical)

Limit for R

Actual 0.37–22

kW (0.5–30 hp),

380–480 V

(typical)

Limit for R

≥120

sce

≥120

sce

≥120

sce

≥120

sce

Individual harmonic current In/I1 (%)

32.6 16.6 8.0 6.0

40 25 15 10

Harmonic current distortion factor (%)

Individual harmonic current In/I1 (%)

36.7 20.8 7.6 6.4

40 25 15 10

Harmonic current distortion factor (%)

THDi PWHD

39 41.4

48 46

THDi PWHD

44.4 40.8

48 46

3 3

Table 3.11 Harmonic Current 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp), 380-480 V

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Actual 30–90 kW

(40–120 hp),

IP20, 380–480 V

(typical)

Limit for R

sce

≥120

Actual 30–90 kW

(40–120 hp), 380–

480 V (typical)

Limit for R

sce

≥120

Table 3.12 Harmonic Current 30–90 kW (40–120 hp), 380–480 V

Actual 2.2–15 kW

(3.0–20 hp), IP20,

525–600 V

(typical)

Actual 2.2–15 kW

(3.0–20 hp), 525–

600 V (typical)

Individual harmonic current In/I1 (%)

36.7 13.8 6.9 4.2

40 25 15 10

Harmonic current distortion factor (%)

THDi PWHD

40.6 28.8

48 46

Individual harmonic current In/I1 (%)

48 25 7 5

Harmonic current distortion factor (%)

THDi PWHD

55 27

Actual 22–90 kW

(30–120 hp),

IP54, 400 V

(typical)

Limit for R

sce

≥120

Actual 22–90 kW

(30–120 hp), IP54

400 V (typical)

Limit for R

sce

≥120

Table 3.15 Harmonic Current 22–90 kW (30–120 hp), 400 V

Actual 0.75–18.5

kW (1.0–25 hp),

IP54, 380-480 V

(typical)

Limit for R

sce

≥120

Actual 0.75–18.5

kW (1.0–25 hp),

IP54, 380–480 V

Table 3.13 Harmonic Current 2.2–15 kW (3.0–20 hp), 525–600 V

Individual harmonic current In/I1 (%)

(typical)

Limit for R

sce

≥120

Table 3.16 Harmonic Current 0.75–18.5 kW (1.0–25 hp), 380–480 V

Individual harmonic current In/I1 (%)

36.3 14 7 4.3

40 25 15 10

Harmonic current distortion factor (%)

THDi PWHD

40.1 27.1

48 46

Individual harmonic current In/I1 (%)

36.7 20.8 7.6 6.4

40 25 15 10

Harmonic current distortion factor (%)

THDi PWHD

44.4 40.8

48 46

Actual 18.5–90

kW (25–120 hp),

IP20, 525–600 V

48.8 24.7 6.3 5

(typical)

Harmonic current distortion factor (%)

THDi PWHD

Actual 18.5–90

kW (25–120 hp),

525–600 V

55.7 25.3

(typical)

Table 3.14 Harmonic Current 18.5–90 kW (25–120 hp), 525–600 V

Actual 15–45 kW

(20–60 hp), IP20,

200 V (typical)

Limit for R

sce

≥120

Actual 15–45 kW

(20–60 hp), 200 V

(typical)

Limit for R

sce

≥120

Individual harmonic current In/I1 (%)

26.7 9.7 7.7 5

40 25 15 10

Harmonic current distortion factor (%)

THDi PWHD

30.3 27.6

48 46

Table 3.17 Harmonic Current 15–45 kW (20–60 hp), 200 V

Provided that the short-circuit power of the supply Ssc is greater than or equal to:

3 × R

SCE

 × U

mains

 × I

 =  3 × 120 × 400 × I

equ

at the interface point between the user’s supply and the public system (R

sce

SMPS

130BB896.10

130BB901.10

1324

Product Overview Design Guide

It is the responsibility of the installer or user of the equipment to ensure, by consultation with the distribution network operator if necessary, that the equipment is connected only to a supply with a short-circuit power S

greater than or equal to specied above. Other power sizes can be connected to the public supply network by consultation with the distribution network operator.

Compliance with various system level guidelines: The harmonic current data in Table 3.10 to Table 3.17 are given in accordance with IEC/EN 61000-3-12 with reference to the Power Drive Systems product standard. They may be used as the basis for calculation of the harmonic currents' inuence on the power supply system and for the documentation of compliance with relevant regional guidelines: IEEE 519 -1992; G5/4.

3.4.7 Immunity Requirements

The immunity requirements for frequency converters depend on the environment where they are installed. The requirements for the industrial environment are higher than the requirements for the home and environment. All Danfoss frequency converters comply with the requirements for the industrial environment and therefore comply also with the lower requirements for home and oce environment with a large safety margin.

oce

0.25–22 kW (0.34–30 hp)

3 3

1 Supply (SMPS)

2 Optocouplers, communication between AOC and BOC

3 Custom relays

a Control card terminals

Illustration 3.54 Galvanic Isolation

30–90 kW (40–120 hp)

Galvanic Isolation (PELV)

3.5

PELV oers protection through extra low voltage. Protection against electric shock is ensured when the electrical supply is of the PELV type and the installation is made as described in local/national regulations on PELV supplies.

All control terminals and relay terminals 01-03/04-06 comply with PELV (protective extra low voltage) (does not apply to grounded delta leg above 440 V).

Galvanic (ensured) isolation is obtained by

fullling

requirements for higher isolation and by providing the relevant creepage/clearance distances. These requirements

1 Supply (SMPS) including signal isolation of UDC, indicating

the intermediate current voltage

2 Gate drive that runs the IGBTs (trigger transformers/opto-

couplers)

3 Current transducers

4 Internal soft-charge, RFI, and temperature measurement

circuits

5 Custom relays

a Control card terminals

are described in the EN 61800-5-1 standard.

Illustration 3.55 Galvanic Isolation

The components that make up the electrical isolation, as described, also comply with the requirements for higher isolation and the relevant test as described in EN 61800-5-1.

The functional galvanic isolation (see Illustration 3.54) is for the RS485 standard bus interface.

The PELV galvanic isolation can be shown in Illustration 3.55.

To maintain PELV, all connections made to the control terminals must be PELV, for example, thermistors must be reinforced/double insulated.

CAUTION

INSTALLATION AT HIGH ALTITUDE

At altitudes above 2000 m (6500 ft), contact Danfoss regarding PELV.

1.21.0 1.4

100

1.81.6 2.0

2000

500

200

400 300

1000

600

t [s]

175ZA052.12

OUT

= 2 x f

M,N

OUT

= 0.2 x f

M,N

OUT

= 1 x f

M,N

(par. 1-23)

IMN(par. 1-24)

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

3.6 Earth Leakage Current

WARNING

DISCHARGE TIME

Touching the electrical parts could be fatal - even after

the equipment has been disconnected from mains. Also make sure that other voltage inputs have been disconnected, such as load sharing (linkage of DC-link), and the motor connection for kinetic back-up. Before touching any electrical parts, wait at least the amount of time indicated in Table 2.1. Shorter time is allowed only if indicated on the nameplate for the specic unit.

WARNING

LEAKAGE CURRENT HAZARD

Leakage currents exceed 3.5 mA. Failure to ground the frequency converter properly can result in death or serious injury.

Ensure the correct grounding of the equipment

•

by a certied electrical installer.

WARNING

RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE PROTECTION

This product can cause a DC current in the protective conductor. Where a residual current device (RCD) is used for protection in case of direct or indirect contact, only an RCD of Type B is allowed on the supply side of this product. Otherwise, apply another protective measure, such as separation from the environment by double or reinforced insulation, or isolation from the supply system by a transformer. See also application note Protection against Electrical Hazards. Protective grounding of the frequency converter and the use of RCDs must always follow national and local regulations.

Motor-generated overvoltage

The voltage in the DC link is increased when the motor acts as a generator. This occurs in following cases:

The load drives the motor (at constant output

•

frequency from the frequency converter), that is the load generates energy.

During deceleration (ramp-down) if the inertia

•

moment is high, the friction is low, and the rampdown time is too short for the energy to be dissipated as a loss in the frequency converter, the motor, and the installation.

Incorrect slip compensation setting

•

(parameter 1-62 Slip Compensation) may cause higher DC-link voltage.

The control unit may attempt to correct the ramp if parameter 2-17 Over-voltage Control is enabled. The frequency converter turns o to protect the transistors and the DC-link capacitors when a certain voltage level is reached.

Mains drop-out

During a mains dropout, the frequency converter keeps running until the DC-link voltage drops below the minimum stop level, which is typically 15% below the frequency converter's lowest rated supply voltage. The mains voltage before the drop-out and the motor load determines how long it takes for the frequency converter to coast.

3.7.1 Motor Thermal Protection (ETR)

Danfoss uses ETR to protect the motor from being overheated. It is an electronic feature that simulates a bimetal relay based on internal measurements. The characteristic is shown in Illustration 3.56.

3.7 Extreme Running Conditions

Short circuit (motor phase-phase)

Current measurement in each of the 3 motor phases or in the DC-link, protects the frequency converter against short circuits. A short circuit between 2 output phases causes an overcurrent in the inverter. The inverter is turned o individually when the short circuit current exceeds the allowed value (alarm 16, Trip Lock). For information about protecting the frequency converter against a short circuit at the load sharing and brake outputs, see chapter 8.3.1 Fuses and Circuit Breakers.

Switching on the output

Switching on the output between the motor and the frequency converter is allowed. The frequency converter is not damaged in any way by switching on the output. However, fault messages may appear.

Illustration 3.56 Motor Thermal Protection Characteristic

1330

550

250

-20 °C

175HA183.11

4000

3000

(Ω)

 nominal

 nominal -5 °C  nominal +5 °C

 [°C]

OFF

<800 Ω >2.9 kΩ

12 20 55

27 29 42 45 50 53 54

DIGI IN

61 68 69

COMM. GND

+24V

0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT 0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT

COM A IN

COM DIG IN

10V/20mA IN

10V OUT

BUS TER.

OFF ON

130BB898.10

Product Overview Design Guide

The X-axis shows the ratio between I

motor

and I

motor

nominal. The Y-axis shows the time in seconds before the ETR cuts o and trips the frequency converter. The curves show the characteristic nominal speed at twice the nominal speed and at 0.2x the nominal speed.

It is clear that at lower speed the ETR cuts o at lower heat due to less cooling of the motor. In that way, the motor is protected from being overheated even at low speed. The ETR feature calculates the motor temperature based on actual current and speed.

3.7.2 Thermistor Inputs

The thermistor cutout value is >3 kΩ.

Integrate a thermistor (PTC sensor) in the motor for winding protection.

Motor protection can be implemented using a range of techniques:

PTC sensor in motor windings.

•

Mechanical thermal switch (Klixon type).

•

Electronic thermal relay (ETR).

•

Example with digital input and 10 V power supply

The frequency converter trips when the motor temperature is too high. Parameter set-up: Set parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [2] Thermistor Trip. Set parameter 1-93 Thermistor Source to [6] Digital Input 29.

3 3

Illustration 3.57 Trip due to High Motor Temperature

Illustration 3.58 Digital Input/10 V Power Supply

Example with analog input and 10 V power supply

12 20 55

27 29 42 45 50 53 54

DIGI IN

61 68 69

COMM. GND

+24V

0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT 0/4-20mA A OUT / DIG OUT

COM A IN

COM DIG IN

10V/20mA IN

10V OUT

BUS TER.

OFF ON

130BB897.10

<3.0 k Ω

>2.9k Ω

OFF

Product Overview

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

NOTICE

Do not set Analog Input 54 as reference source.

Illustration 3.59 Analog Input/10 V Power Supply

Input

Supply voltage

[V]

Digital 10

Analog 10

Threshold

cutout values [Ω]

<800⇒2.9 k

Table 3.18 Supply Voltage

NOTICE

Make sure that the selected supply voltage follows the specication of the used thermistor element.

ETR is activated in parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection.

F C - P T H

130BB899.10

X S A B CX X X X

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 302221 23 272524 26 28 29 31 373635343332 38 39

X0 D

X X X

Selection and Ordering Design Guide

4 Selection and Ordering

4.1 Type Code

A type code denes a specic conguration of the VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 frequency converter. Use Illustration 4.1 to create a type code string for the desired conguration.

Illustration 4.1 Type Code

Description Position Possible choice

Product group & FC series 1–6 FC 101

Power rating 7–10 0.25–90 kW (0.34–120 hp) (PK25-P90K)

Number of phases 11 3 phases (T)

T2: 200-240 V AC

Mains voltage 11–12

Enclosure 13–15

RFI lter 16–17

Brake 18 X: No brake chopper included

Display 19

Coating PCB 20

Mains option 21 X: No mains option

Adaptation 22 X: No adaptation

Adaptation 23 X: No adaptation

Software release 24–27 SXXXX: Latest release - standard software

Software language 28 X: Standard

A options 29–30 AX: No A options

B options 31–32 BX: No B options

C0 options MCO 33–34 CX: No C options

C1 options 35 X: No C1 options

C option software 36–37 XX: No options

D options 38–39 DX: No D0 options

T4: 380-480 V AC

T6: 525-600 V AC

E20: IP20/chassis

P20: IP20/chassis with back plate

E5A: IP54

P5A: IP54 with back plate

H1: RFI lter class A1/B

H2: RFI lter class A2

H3: RFI lter class A1/B (reduced cable length)

H4: RFI lter class A1

A: Alpha numeric local control panel

X: No local control panel

X: No coated PCB

C: Coated PCB

4 4

Table 4.1 Type Code Description

130BB775.12

Status

Main Menu

Quick Menu

Com.

Status

Main Menu

Quick Menu

Hand

O

Reset

Auto

Alarm

Warn.

Com.

Alarm

Warn.

Hand

O

Reset

Auto

On On

130BB776.11

R1.5 +_ 0.5

62.5 +_ 0.2

86 +_ 0.2

Status

Main Menu

Quick Menu

Com.

Alarm

Warn.

Hand

O

Reset

Auto

Selection and Ordering

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

4.2 Options and Accessories

Step 2

Place LCP on panel, see dimensions of hole on

4.2.1 Local Control Panel (LCP)

Ordering number Description

132B0200 LCP for all IP20 units

Table 4.2 Ordering Number of LCP

Enclosure IP55 front-mounted

Maximum cable length to unit 3 m (10 ft)

Communication standard RS485

Table 4.3 Technical Data of LCP

Illustration 4.3.

4.2.2 Mounting of LCP in Panel Front

Step 1

Fit gasket on LCP.

Illustration 4.2 Fit Gasket

1 Panel cut out. Panel thickness 1–3 mm (0.04–0.12 in)

2 Panel

3 Gasket

4 LCP

Illustration 4.3 Place LCP on Panel (Front-mounted)

130BB777.10

130BB778.10

130BB902.12

Alarm

Warn.

Hand

Reset

Auto

Status

Quick Menu

Main Menu

Selection and Ordering Design Guide

Step 3

Place bracket on back of the LCP, then slide down. Tighten screws and connect cable female side to LCP.

Illustration 4.4 Place Bracket on LCP

Step 4

Connect cable to frequency converter.

4.2.3 IP21/NEMA Type 1 Enclosure Kit

IP21/NEMA Type 1 is an optional enclosure element available for IP20 units. If the enclosure kit is used, an IP20 unit is upgraded to comply with enclosure IP21/NEMA Type 1.

4 4

Illustration 4.5 Connect Cable

NOTICE

Illustration 4.6 H1–H5 (See Data in Table 4.4)

Use the provided thread-cutting screws to fasten the connector to the frequency converter. The tightening torque is 1.3 Nm (11.5 in-lb).

130BB903.10

Selection and Ordering

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Illustration 4.7 Dimensions (See Data in Table 4.4)

Frame

IP class

3x200–240 V

[kW (hp)]

H1 IP20

H2 IP20 2.2 (3.0)

H3 IP20 3.7 (5.0)

H4 IP20

H5 IP20 11 (15)

H6 IP20

H7 IP20

H8 IP20

H9 IP20 – –

H10 IP20 – –

0.25–1.5

(0.34–2.0)

5.5-7.5

(7.4–10)

15–18.5

(20–25)

22–30

(30–40)

37–45

(50–60)

3x380–480 V

[kW (hp)]

Power

0.37–1.5

(0.5–2.0)

2.2-4.0

(3.0–5.4)

5.5-7.5

(7.4–10)

11–15

(15–20)

18.5–22

(25–30)

30–45

(40–60)

55–75

(74–100)

90 (120)

Height

[mm (in)] A

3x525–600 V

[kW (hp)]

– 293 (11.5) 81 (3.2) 173 (6.8) 132B0212 132B0222

– 322 (12.7) 96 (3.8) 195 (7.7) 132B0213 132B0223

– 346 (13.6) 106 (4.2) 210 (8.3) 132B0214 132B0224

– 374 (14.7) 141 (5.6) 245 (9.6) 132B0215 132B0225

– 418 (16.5) 161 (6.3) 260 (10.2) 132B0216 132B0226

18.5–30

(25–40)

37–55

(50–74)

75–90

(100–120)

2.2–7.5

(3.0–10)

11–15

(15–20)

663 (26.1) 260 (10.2) 242 (9.5) 132B0217 132B0217

807 (31.8) 329 (13.0) 335 (13.2) 132B0218 132B0218

943 (37.1) 390 (15.3) 335 (13.2) 132B0219 132B0219

372 (14.6) 130 (5.1) 205 (8.1) 132B0220 132B0220

475 (18.7) 165 (6.5) 249 (9.8) 132B0221 132B0221

Width

[mm (in)] B

Depth

[mm (in)] C

IP21 kit

ordering

number

NEMA Type

1 kit

ordering

number

Table 4.4 Enclosure Kit Specications

130BB793.10

99 99

Selection and Ordering Design Guide

4.2.4 Decoupling Plate

Use the decoupling plate for EMC-correct installation.

Illustration 4.8 shows the decoupling plate on an H3 enclosure.

Illustration 4.8 Decoupling Plate

Power [kW(hp)] Decoupling plate

Frame IP class 3x200–240 V 3x380–480 V 3x525–600 V

H1 IP20 0.25–1.5 (0.33–2.0) 0.37–1.5 (0.5–2.0) – 132B0202

H2 IP20 2.2 (3.0) 2.2–4 (3.0–5.4) – 132B0202

H3 IP20 3.7 (5.0) 5.5–7.5 (7.5–10) – 132B0204

H4 IP20 5.5–7.5 (7.5–10) 11–15 (15–20) – 132B0205

H5 IP20 11 (15) 18.5–22 (25–30) – 130B0205

H6 IP20 15–18.5 (20–25) 30 (40) 18.5–30 (25–40) 132B0207

H6 IP20 – 37–45 (50–60) – 132B0242

H7 IP20 22–30 (30–40) 55 (75) 37–55 (50–75) 132B0208

H7 IP20 – 75 (100) – 132B0243

H8 IP20 37-45 (50–60) 90 (125) 75–90 (100–125) 132B0209

4 4

ordering numbers

Table 4.5 Decoupling Plate Specications

NOTICE

For enclosure sizes H9 and H10, the decoupling plates are included in the accessory bag.

4.3 Ordering Numbers

4.3.1 Options and Accessories

Enclosure

Description

LCP

size

Mains

voltage

T2 (200–

240 V AC)

T4 (380–

480 V AC)

T6 (525–

600 V AC)

132B0200

[kW (hp)]H2[kW (hp)]H3[kW (hp)]H4[kW (hp)]H5[kW (hp)]

0.25–1.5

(0.33–2.0)

0.37–1.5

(0.5–2.0)

2.2 (3.0) 3.7 (5.0)

2.2–4.0

(3.0–5.4)

– – – – –

5.5–7.5

(7.5–10)

5.5–7.5

(7.5–10)

11–15

(15–20)

11 (15)

18.5–22

(25–30)

[kW (hp)]

15–18.5

(20–25)

30 (40)

18.5–30

(25–40)

–

37–45

(50–60)

–

[kW (hp)]

22–30

(30–40)

55 (75) 75 (100) 90 (125)

37–55

(50–75)

–

[kW (hp)]

37–45

(50–60)

75–90

(100–125)

Selection and Ordering

Enclosure

LCP panel

mounting kit

IP55

including

3 m (9.8 ft)

cable

LCP 31 to RJ

45 converter

kit

LCP panel

mounting kit

IP55 without

3 m (9.8 ft)

cable

Decoupling

plate

IP21 option 132B0212 132B0213 132B0214 132B0215 132B0216 132B0217 132B0218 132B0219

NEMA Type 1

Kit

size

Mains

voltage

[kW (hp)]H2[kW (hp)]H3[kW (hp)]H4[kW (hp)]H5[kW (hp)]

132B0202 132B0202 132B0204 132B0205 132B0205 132B0207 132B0242 132B0208 132B0243 132B0209

132B0222 132B0223 132B0224 132B0225 132B0226 132B0217 132B0218 132B0219

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

132B0201

132B0203

132B0206

[kW (hp)]

Table 4.6 Options and Accessories

1) For IP20 units, LCP is ordered separately. For IP54 units, LCP is included in the standard

4.3.2 Harmonic Filters

3x380–480 V 50 Hz

Frequency

Power

[kW

(hp)]

(30)

(40)

(50)

(60)

(74)

(100)

(120)

converter

input

current

continuous

[A]

41.5 4 4 130B1397 130B1239

57 4 3 130B1398 130B1240

70 4 3 130B1442 130B1247

84 3 3 130B1442 130B1247

103 3 5 130B1444 130B1249

140 3 4 130B1445 130B1250

176 3 4 130B1445 130B1250

Default

switching

frequency

[kHz]

THDi

level

[%]

Order

number

lter IP00

Code

number

lter IP20

Power

[kW

(hp)]

(30)

(40)

(50)

(60)

(74)

(100)

(120)

continuous

conguration and mounted on the frequency converter.

3x380–480 V 50 Hz

Frequency

converter

input

current

[A]

41.5 4 6 130B1274 130B1111

57 4 6 130B1275 130B1176

70 4 9 130B1291 130B1201

84 3 9 130B1291 130B1201

103 3 9 130B1292 130B1204

140 3 8 130B1294 130B1213

176 3 8 130B1294 130B1213

Default

switching

frequency

[kHz]

THDi

level

[%]

Order

number

lter IP00

Code

number

lter IP20

Table 4.7 AHF Filters (5% Current Distortion)

Table 4.8 AHF Filters (10% Current Distortion)

Selection and Ordering Design Guide

3x440–480 V 60 Hz

Frequency

Power

[kW

(hp)]

(30)

(40)

(50)

(60)

(74)

(100)

(120)

converter

input

current

Continuous

[A]

34.6 4 3 130B1792 130B1757

49 4 3 130B1793 130B1758

61 4 3 130B1794 130B1759

73 3 4 130B1795 130B1760

89 3 4 130B1796 130B1761

121 3 5 130B1797 130B1762

143 3 5 130B1798 130B1763

Default

switching

frequency

[kHz]

THDi

level

[%]

Order

number

lter IP00

Code

number

lter IP20

4 4

Table 4.9 AHF Filters (5% Current Distortion)

3x440–480 V 60 Hz

Frequency

Power

[kW

(hp)]

(30)

(40)

(50)

(60)

(74)

(100)

(120)

converter

input

current

continuous

[A]

34.6 4 6 130B1775 130B1487

49 4 8 130B1776 130B1488

61 4 7 130B1777 130B1491

73 3 9 130B1778 130B1492

89 3 8 130B1779 130B1493

121 3 9 130B1780 130B1494

143 3 10 130B1781 130B1495

Default

switching

frequency

[kHz]

THDi

level

[%]

lter IP00

Order

number

Code

number

lter IP20

Table 4.10 AHF Filters (10% Current Distortion)

130BC247.10

Selection and Ordering

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

4.3.3 External RFI Filter

With external lters listed in Table 4.11, the maximum shielded cable length of 50 m (164 ft) according to EN/IEC 61800-3 C2 (EN 55011 A1), or 20 m (65.6 ft) according to EN/IEC 61800-3 C1(EN 55011 B) can be achieved.

Power [kW (hp)]

Size 380–480 V

0.37–2.2

(0.5–3.0)

3.0–7.5

(4.0–10)

11–15

(15–20)

18.5–22

(25–30)

Table 4.11 RFI Filters - Details

Type A B C D E F G H I J K L1

FN3258-7-45 190 40 70 160 180 20 4.5 1 10.6 M5 20 31

FN3258-16-45 250 45 70 220 235 25 4.5 1 10.6 M5 22.5 31

FN3258-30-47 270 50 85 240 255 30 5.4 1 10.6 M5 25 40

FN3258-42-47 310 50 85 280 295 30 5.4 1 10.6 M5 25 40

Torque

[Nm (in-lb)]

0.7–0.8

(6.2–7.1)

0.7–0.8

(6.2–7.1)

1.9–2.2

(16.8–19.5)

1.9–2.2

(16.8–19.5)

Weight [kg (lb)] Ordering Number

0.5

(1.1)

0.8

(1.8)

1.2

(2.6)

1.4

(3.1)

132B0244

132B0245

132B0246

132B0247

Illustration 4.9 RFI Filter - Dimensions

L1 L2 L3

3-phase power input

+10 V DC

0-10 V DC-

50 (+10 V OUT)

54 (A IN)

53 (A IN)

55 (COM A IN/OUT)

0/4-20 mA

42 0/4-20 mA A OUT / D OUT

45 0/4-20 mA A OUT / D OUT

18 (D IN)

19 (D IN)

27 (D IN/OUT)

29 (D IN/OUT)

12 (+24 V OUT)

24 V (NPN)

20 (COM D IN)

O V (PNP)

24 V (NPN) O V (PNP)

Bus ter.

RS485 Interface

RS485

(N RS485) 69

(P RS485) 68

(Com RS485 ) 61

(PNP)-Source (NPN)-Sink

ON=Terminated

OFF=Unterminated

1 2

240 V AC 3 A

Not present on all power sizes

Do not connect shield to 61

relay 1

relay 2

UDC+

UDC-

Motor

U V

130BD467.12

240 V AC 3 A

Installation Design Guide

5 Installation

5.1 Electrical Installation

5 5

Illustration 5.1 Basic Wiring Schematic Drawing

NOTICE

There is no access to UDC- and UDC+ on the following units:

•

IP20, 380–480 V, 30–90 kW (40–125 hp)

IP20, 200–240 V, 15–45 kW (20–60 hp)

IP20, 525–600 V, 2.2–90 kW (3.0–125 hp)

IP54, 380–480 V, 22–90 kW (30–125 hp)

Installation

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

All cabling must comply with national and local regulations on cable cross-sections and ambient temperature. Copper conductors are required. 75 °C (167 °F) is recommended.

Power [kW (hp)] Torque [Nm (in-lb)]

Enclosure

size

IP class 3x200–240 V 3x380–480 V Mains Motor

H1 IP20

0.25–1.5

(0.33–2.0)

0.37–1.5

(0.5–2.0)

0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0)

H2 IP20 2.2 (3.0) 2.2–4.0 (3.0–5.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0)

H3 IP20 3.7 (5.0) 5.5–7.5 (7.5–10) 0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0)

H4 IP20 5.5–7.5 (7.5–10) 11–15 (15–20) 1.2 (11) 1.2 (11) 1.2 (11) 0.5 (4.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0)

H5 IP20 11 (15) 18.5–22 (25–30) 1.2 (11) 1.2 (11) 1.2 (11) 0.5 (4.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0)

H6 IP20 15–18.5 (20–25) 30–45 (40–60) 4.5 (40) 4.5 (40) – 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.5 (4.0)

H7 IP20 22–30 (30–40) 55 (70) 10 (89) 10 (89) – 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.5 (4.0)

H7 IP20 – 75 (100) 14 (124) 14 (124) – 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.5 (4.0)

H8 IP20 37–45 (50–60) 90 (125)

24 (212)

Table 5.1 Tightening Torques for Enclosure Sizes H1–H8, 3x200–240 V and 3x380–480 V

Power [kW (hp)] Torque [Nm (in-lb)]

Enclosure

size

I2 IP54

IP class 3x380–480 V Mains Motor

0.75–4.0

(1.0–5.0)

0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0)

connection

I3 IP54 5.5–7.5 (7.5–10) 0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0)

I4 IP54 11–18.5 (15–25) 1.4 (12) 0.8 (7.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0) 0.8 (7.0) 0.5 (4.0)

I6 IP54 22–37 (30–50) 4.5 (40) 4.5 (40) – 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.6 (5.0)

I7 IP54 45–55 (60–70) 10 (89) 10 (89) – 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.6 (5.0)

I8 IP54 75–90 (100–125)

14 (124)/24

(212)

14 (124)/24

(212)

connection

Control

terminals

Ground Relay

– 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.5 (4.0)

Control

terminals

Ground Relay

– 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.6 (5.0)

Table 5.2 Tightening Torques for Enclosure Sizes I2–I8

Power [kW (hp)] Torque [Nm (in-lb)]

Enclosure

size

IP class 3x525–600 V Mains Motor

H9 IP20 2.2–7.5 (3.0–10) 1.8 (16) 1.8 (16)

H10 IP20 11–15 (15–20) 1.8 (16) 1.8 (16)

connection

Not

recommended

Not

recommended

Control

terminals

Ground Relay

0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.6 (5.0)

H6 IP20 18.5–30 (25–40) 4.5 (40) 4.5 (40) – 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.5 (4.0)

H7 IP20 37–55 (50–70) 10 (89) 10 (89) – 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.5 (4.0)

H8 IP20 75–90 (100–125)

14 (124)/24

(212)

14 (124)/24

(212)

– 0.5 (4.0) 3 (27) 0.5 (4.0)

Table 5.3 Tightening Torques for Enclosure Sizes H6–H10, 3x525–600 V

1) Cable dimensions >95 mm

2) Cable dimensions ≤95 mm

130BB634.10

Motor

-DC +DC

MAINS

Installation Design Guide

5.1.1 Mains and Motor Connection

The frequency converter is designed to operate all standard 3-phase asynchronous motors. For maximum cross-section on cables, see chapter 8.4 General Technical Data.

Use a shielded/armored motor cable to comply

•

with EMC emission this cable to both the decoupling plate and the motor.

Keep the motor cable as short as possible to

•

reduce the noise level and leakage currents.

For further details on mounting the decoupling

•

plate, see FC 101 Decoupling Plate Mounting Instruction.

Also see EMC-Correct Installation in

•

chapter 5.1.2 EMC-compliant Electrical Installation.

For details on how to connect the frequency

•

converter to mains and motor, see chapter

Connecting to Mains and Motor in the VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Quick Guide.

specications and connect

Relays and terminals on enclosure sizes H1–H5

5 5

1 Mains

2 Ground

3 Motor

4 Relays

Illustration 5.2 Enclosure Sizes H1–H5

IP20, 200–240 V, 0.25–11 kW (0.33–15 hp)

IP20, 380–480 V, 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp)

L1 91 / L2 92 / L3 93

U 96 / V 97 / W 98

03 02 01

06 05 04

130BB762.10

130BB763.10

Installation

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Relays and terminals on enclosure size H6

Relays and terminals on enclosure size H7

1 Mains

2 Motor

3 Ground

4 Relays

Illustration 5.3 Enclosure Size H6

IP20, 380–480 V, 30–45 kW (40–60 hp)

IP20, 200–240 V, 15–18.5 kW (20–25 hp)

IP20, 525–600 V, 22–30 kW (30–40 hp)

1 Mains

2 Relays

3 Ground

4 Motor

Illustration 5.4 Enclosure Size H7

IP20, 380–480 V, 55–75 kW (70–100 hp)

IP20, 200–240 V, 22–30 kW (30–40 hp)

IP20, 525–600 V, 45–55 kW (60–70 hp)

130BB764.10

91 L1

MOTOR

U V W

130BT302.12

130BA725.10

Installation Design Guide

Relays and terminals on enclosure size H8

1 Mains

2 Relays

3 Ground

4 Motor

Make sure that the mains cables for enclosure size H9 is connected correctly, for details, see chapter Connecting to

Mains and Motor in the VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Quick Guide. Use the tightening torques described in chapter 5.1.1 Electrical Installation in General.

Relays and terminals on enclosure size H10

5 5

Illustration 5.5 Enclosure Size H8

IP20, 380–480 V, 90 kW (125 hp)

IP20, 200–240 V, 37–45 kW (50–60 hp)

IP20, 525–600 V, 75–90 kW (100–125 hp)

Mains and motor connection for enclosure size H9

Illustration 5.7 Enclosure Size H10

IP20, 600 V, 11–15 kW (15–20 hp)

Illustration 5.6 Motor Connection for Enclosure Size H9

IP20, 600 V, 2.2–7.5 kW (3.0–10 hp)

130BC299.10

130BC201.10

Installation

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Enclosure size I2

Enclosure size I3

1 RS485

2 Mains

3 Ground

4 Cable clamps

1 RS485

2 Mains

3 Ground

4 Cable clamps

5 Motor

6 UDC

7 Relays

8 I/O

Illustration 5.8 Enclosure Size I2

IP54, 380–480 V, 0.75–4.0 kW (1.0–5.0 hp)

5 Motor

6 UDC

7 Relays

8 I/O

Illustration 5.9 Enclosure Size I3

IP54, 380–480 V, 5.5–7.5 kW (7.5–10 hp)

130BD011.10

130BC203.10

130BT326.10

130BT325.10

Installation Design Guide

Enclosure size I4

1 RS485

2 Mains

3 Ground

4 Cable clamps

5 Motor

6 UDC

7 Relays

8 I/O

Enclosure size I6

5 5

Illustration 5.12 Mains Connection for Enclosure Size I6

IP54, 380–480 V, 22–37 kW (30–50 hp)

Illustration 5.10 Enclosure Size I4

IP54, 380–480 V, 0.75–4.0 kW (1.0–5.0 hp)

Illustration 5.11 IP54 Enclosure Sizes I2, I3, I4

Illustration 5.13 Motor Connection for Enclosure Size I6

IP54, 380–480 V, 22–37 kW (30–50 hp)

311

130BA215.10

RELAY 1

RELAY 2

9

6

03 02 01

90 05 04

91 L1

92 L2

93 L3

96 U

97 V

98 W

88 DC-

89 DC+

81 R-

8 R+

130BA248.10

Installation

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

5.1.2 EMC-compliant Electrical Installation

Pay attention to the following recommendations to ensure EMC-correct electrical installation.

Use only shielded/armored motor cables and

•

shielded/armored control cables.

Connect the shield to ground at both ends.

•

Avoid installation with twisted shield ends

•

(pigtails), because this may aect the shielding eect at high frequencies. Use the cable clamps

provided instead.

It is important to ensure good electrical contact

•

from the installation plate through the installation screws to the metal cabinet of the frequency converter.

Use starwashers and galvanically conductive

•

installation plates.

Do not use unshielded/unarmored motor cables

•

in the installation cabinets.

Illustration 5.14 Relays on Enclosure Size I6

IP54, 380–480 V, 22–37 kW (30–50 hp)

Enclosure sizes I7, I8

Illustration 5.15 Enclosure Sizes I7, I8

IP54, 380–480 V, 45–55 kW (60–70 hp)

IP54, 380–480 V, 75–90 kW (100–125 hp)

Com.

Warn.

Alarm

Hand

Reset

Auto

Status Quick

Main Menu

Minimum 16 mm

equalizing cable

Control cables

All cable entries in

one side of panel

Grounding rail

Cable insulation stripped

Output contactor

Motor cable

Motor, 3 phases and

PLC

Panel

Mains-supply

Minimum 200 mm (7.87 in) between control cable, mains cable and between mains motor cable

PLC

protective earth

Reinforced protective earth

130BB761.12

(6 AWG)

Installation Design Guide

5 5

Illustration 5.16 EMC-correct Electrical Installation

NOTICE

For North America, use metal conduits instead of shielded cables.

130BF892.10

12 20 55

181927 29 42 54

45 50 53

DIGI IN

61 68 69

COMM. GND

+24 V

GND

10 V OUT

10 V/20 mA IN

0/4-20 mA A OUT/DIG OUT

BUS TER.

OFF ON

DIGI IN

0/4-20 mA A OUT/DIG OUT

10 V/20 mA IN

Installation

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

5.1.3 Control Terminals

Refer to VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101 Quick Guide and make sure that the terminal cover is removed correctly.

Illustration 5.17 shows all the frequency converter control terminals. Applying start (terminal 18), connection between terminals 12-27, and an analog reference (terminal 53 or 54, and 55) make the frequency converter run.

The digital input mode of terminal 18, 19, and 27 is set in

parameter 5-00 Digital Input Mode (PNP is default value). Digital input 29 mode is set in parameter 5-03 Digital Input 29 Mode (PNP is default value).

Illustration 5.17 Control Terminals

Com.

1-20 Motor Power

[5] 0.37kW - 0.5HP

Setup 1

AB1

131415

109876

432

Sta

tus

ain

enu

uick

enu

Hand

enu

Off

Reset

Auto

Alarm

Warn.

Programming Design Guide

6 Programming

6.1 Introduction

The frequency converter can be programmed from the LCP or from a PC via the RS485 COM port by installing the MCT 10 Set-up Software. Refer to chapter 1.5 Additional Resources for more details about the software.

6.2 Local Control Panel (LCP)

The LCP is divided into 4 functional sections.

A. Display

B. Menu key

C. Navigation keys and indicator lights

D. Operation keys and indicator lights

1 Parameter number and name.

2 Parameter value.

Set-up number shows the active set-up and the edit set-up.

If the same set-up acts as both active and edit set-up, only

that set-up number is shown (factory setting). When active

and edit set-up dier, both numbers are shown in the

display (set-up 12). The number ashing indicates the edit

set-up.

Motor direction is shown to the bottom left of the display –

indicated by a small arrow pointing either clockwise or

counterclockwise.

The triangle indicates if the LCP is in Status, Quick Menu, or

Main Menu.

Table 6.1 Legend to Illustration 6.1, Part I

B. Menu key

Press [Menu] to select among Status, Quick Menu, or Main Menu.

C. Navigation keys and indicator lights

6 Com. LED: Flashes during bus communication.

7 Green LED/On: Control section is working correctly.

8 Yellow LED/Warn.: Indicates a warning.

9 Flashing Red LED/Alarm: Indicates an alarm.

[Back]: For moving to the previous step or layer in the

navigation structure.

[▲] [▼] [►]: For navigating among parameter groups and

parameters, and within parameters. They can also be used

for setting local reference.

[OK]: For selecting a parameter and for accepting changes

to parameter settings.

Table 6.2 Legend to Illustration 6.1, Part II

Illustration 6.1 Local Control Panel (LCP)

A. Display

The LCD display is illuminated with 2 alphanumeric lines. All data is shown on the LCP.

Illustration 6.1 describes the information that can be read from the display.

D. Operation keys and indicator lights

[Hand On]: Starts the motor and enables control of the

frequency converter via the LCP.

NOTICE

[2] Coast inverse is the default option for

parameter 5-12 Terminal 27 Digital Input. If there is no 24 V supply to terminal 27, [Hand On] does not start the motor. Connect terminal 12 to terminal 27.

[O/Reset]: Stops the motor (O). If in alarm mode, the

alarm is reset.

[Auto On]: The frequency converter is controlled either via

control terminals or serial communication.

Table 6.3 Legend to Illustration 6.1, Part III

+24 V (OUT)

DIG IN DIG IN

COM DIG IN

A OUT / D OUT A OUT / D OUT

18 19

27 29

50 53 54

01 02 03

04 05 06

0–10 V

Start

+10 V (OUT) A IN A IN

COM IN/OUT

130BB674.11

Reference

130BB629.10

Press OK to start Wizard Push Back to skip it Setup 1

Programming

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

6.3 Menus

6.3.1 Status Menu

In the Status menu, the selection options are:

Motor frequency [Hz], parameter 16-13 Frequency.

•

Motor current [A], parameter 16-14 Motor current.

•

Motor speed reference in percentage [%],

•

parameter 16-02 Reference [%].

Feedback, parameter 16-52 Feedback[Unit].

•

Motor power, parameter 16-10 Power [kW] for kW,

•

parameter 16-11 Power [hp] for hp. If parameter 0-03 Regional Settings is set to [1] North America, motor power is shown in hp instead of

kW.

Custom readout, parameter 16-09 Custom Readout.

•

Motor Speed [RPM], parameter 16-17 Speed [RPM].

•

6.3.2 Quick Menu

Use the Quick Menu to program the most common functions. The Quick Menu consists of:

Wizard for open loop applications. See

•

Illustration 6.4 for details.

Wizard for closed loop applications. See

•

Illustration 6.5 for details.

Motor set-up. See Table 6.6 for details.

•

Changes made.

•

The built-in wizard menu guides the installer through the set-up of the frequency converter in a clear and structured manner for open-loop applications, closed-loop applications, and quick motor settings.

The wizard is shown after power-up until any parameter has been changed. The wizard can always be accessed again through the quick menu. Press [OK] to start the wizard. Press [Back] to return to the status view.

Illustration 6.3 Start-up/Quit Wizard

Illustration 6.2 Frequency Converter Wiring

Power kW/50 Hz

Motor Power

Motor Voltage

Motor Frequency

Motor Current

Motor nominal speed

Select Regional Settings

... the Wizard starts

200-240V/50Hz/Delta

Grid Type

Asynchronous motor

Asynchronous

Motor Type

Motor current

Motor nominal speed

Motor Cont. Rated Torque

Stator resistance

Motor poles

Back EMF at 1000 rpm

Motor type = IPM

Motor type = SPM

d-axis Inductance Sat. (LdSat)

[0]

3.8

3000

RPM

5.4

0.65

Ohms

Start Mode

Rotor Detection

[0]

Position Detection Gain

Oﬀ

100

Locked Rotor Detection

[0]

Locked Rotor Detection Time[s]

0.10

q-axis Inductance (Lq)

1.10

400

Max Output Frequency

Motor Cable Length

4.66

1420

RPM

[0]

PM motor

Set Motor Speed low Limit

Set Motor Speed high Limit

Set Ramp 1 ramp-up time

Set Ramp 1 ramp-down Time

Active Flying start?

Disable

Set T53 low Voltage

Set T53 high Voltage

Set T53 Low Current

Set T53 High Current

Voltage

AMA Failed

Automatic Motor Adaption

Auto Motor Adapt OK Press OK

Select Function of Relay 2 No function

Oﬀ

Select Function of Relay 1 [0] No function

Set Max Reference

Set Min Reference

AMA running

-----

Do AMA

(Do not AMA)

AMA OK

[0]

Select T53 Mode

Current

Motor type = Asynchronous

Motor type = PM motor

0000

0050

0010

[0]

04.66

13.30

0050

0220

0000

0050

Status Screen

The Wizard can always be reentered via the Quick Menu

At power-up, select the preferred language.

The next screen is the Wizard screen.

Wizard Screen

Power-up Screen

Status

Main Menu

Quick Menu

Hand

Reset

Oﬀ

Auto

Alarm

Warn.

Select language [1] English

Setup 1

Com.

Status

Main Menu

Quick Menu

Hand

Reset

Oﬀ

Auto

Alarm

Warn.

Press OK to start Wizard Press Back to skip it

Setup 1

Com.

Status

Main Menu

Quick Menu

Hand

Reset

Oﬀ

Auto

Alarm

Warn.

0.0 Hz

0.0 kW

Setup 1

Com.

130BC244.16

q-axis Inductance Sat. (LqSat)

Current at Min Inductance for d-axis

100

Current at Min Inductance for q-axis

100

d-axis Inductance (Lq)

... the Wizard starts

Programming Design Guide

Illustration 6.4 Set-up Wizard for Open-loop Applications

Programming

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Set-up Wizard for Open-loop Applications

Parameter Option Default Usage

Parameter 0-03 Regional

Settings

[0] International

[1] US

[0] International –

Parameter 0-06 GridType [0] 200–240 V/50 Hz/IT-

grid

[1] 200–240 V/50 Hz/Delta

[2] 200–240 V/50 Hz

[10] 380–440 V/50 Hz/IT-

grid

[11] 380–440 V/50 Hz/

Delta

[12] 380–440 V/50 Hz

[20] 440–480 V/50 Hz/IT-

grid

[21] 440–480 V/50 Hz/

Delta

[22] 440–480 V/50 Hz

[30] 525–600 V/50 Hz/IT-

grid

[31] 525–600 V/50 Hz/

Delta

[32] 525–600 V/50 Hz

[100] 200–240 V/60 Hz/IT-

grid

[101] 200–240 V/60 Hz/

Delta

[102] 200–240 V/60 Hz

[110] 380–440 V/60 Hz/IT-

grid

[111] 380–440 V/60 Hz/

Delta

[112] 380–440 V/60 Hz

[120] 440–480 V/60 Hz/IT-

grid

[121] 440–480 V/60 Hz/

Delta

[122] 440–480 V/60 Hz

[130] 525–600 V/60 Hz/IT-

grid

[131] 525–600 V/60 Hz/

Delta

[132] 525–600 V/60 Hz

Size related Select the operating mode for restart after reconnection of

the frequency converter to mains voltage after power-

down.

Programming Design Guide

Parameter Option Default Usage

Parameter 1-10 Motor

Construction

*[0] Asynchron

[1] PM, non-salient SPM

[3] PM, salient IPM

[0] Asynchron Setting the parameter value might change these

parameters:

•

Parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle.

Parameter 1-03 Torque Characteristics.

Parameter 1-08 Motor Control Bandwidth.

Parameter 1-14 Damping Gain.

Parameter 1-15 Low Speed Filter Time Const.

Parameter 1-16 High Speed Filter Time Const.

Parameter 1-17 Voltage lter time const.

Parameter 1-20 Motor Power.

Parameter 1-22 Motor Voltage.

Parameter 1-23 Motor Frequency.

Parameter 1-24 Motor Current.

Parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed.

Parameter 1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque.

Parameter 1-30 Stator Resistance (Rs).

Parameter 1-33 Stator Leakage Reactance (X1).

Parameter 1-35 Main Reactance (Xh).

Parameter 1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld).

Parameter 1-38 q-axis Inductance (Lq).

Parameter 1-39 Motor Poles.

Parameter 1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM.

Parameter 1-44 d-axis Inductance Sat. (LdSat).

Parameter 1-45 q-axis Inductance Sat. (LqSat).

Parameter 1-46 Position Detection Gain.

Parameter 1-48 Current at Min Inductance for d-axis.

Parameter 1-49 Current at Min Inductance for q-axis.

Parameter 1-66 Min. Current at Low Speed.

Parameter 1-70 Start Mode.

Parameter 1-72 Start Function.

Parameter 1-73 Flying Start.

Parameter 1-80 Function at Stop.

Parameter 1-82 Min Speed for Function at Stop [Hz].

Parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection.

Parameter 2-00 DC Hold/Motor Preheat Current.

Parameter 2-01 DC Brake Current.

Parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time.

Parameter 2-04 DC Brake Cut In Speed.

Parameter 2-10 Brake Function.

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz].

Parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency.

Parameter 4-58 Missing Motor Phase Function.

Parameter 14-65 Speed Derate Dead Time Compensation.

Programming

Parameter Option Default Usage

Parameter 1-20 Motor Power 0.12–110 kW/0.16–150hpSize related Enter the motor power from the nameplate data.

Parameter 1-22 Motor Voltage 50–1000 V Size related Enter the motor voltage from the nameplate data.

Parameter 1-23 Motor

Frequency

Parameter 1-24 Motor Current 0.01–10000.00 A Size related Enter the motor current from the nameplate data.

Parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal

Speed

Parameter 1-26 Motor Cont.

Rated Torque

20–400 Hz Size related Enter the motor frequency from the nameplate data.

50–9999 RPM Size related Enter the motor nominal speed from the nameplate data.

0.1–1000.0 Nm Size related This parameter is available when parameter 1-10 Motor

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Construction is set to options that enable permanent

magnet motor mode.

NOTICE

Changing this parameter aects the settings of other parameters.

Parameter 1-29 Automatic

Motor Adaption (AMA)

Parameter 1-30 Stator

Resistance (Rs)

Parameter 1-37 d-axis

Inductance (Ld)

Parameter 1-38 q-axis

Inductance (Lq)

Parameter 1-39 Motor Poles 2–100 4 Enter the number of motor poles.

Parameter 1-40 Back EMF at

1000 RPM

Parameter 1-42 Motor Cable

Length

Parameter 1-44 d-axis

Inductance Sat. (LdSat)

Parameter 1-45 q-axis

Inductance Sat. (LqSat)

Parameter 1-46 Position

Detection Gain

Parameter 1-48 Current at Min

Inductance for d-axis

Parameter 1-49 Current at Min

Inductance for q-axis

Parameter 1-70 Start Mode [0] Rotor Detection

See

parameter 1-29 Automatic

Motor Adaption (AMA).

0.000–99.990 Ω

0.000–1000.000 mH Size related Enter the value of the d-axis inductance.

0.000–1000.000 mH Size related Enter the value of the q-axis inductance.

10–9000 V Size related Line-line RMS back EMF voltage at 1000 RPM.

0–100 m 50 m Enter the motor cable length.

0.000–1000.000 mH Size related This parameter corresponds to the inductance saturation

20–200% 100% Adjusts the height of the test pulse during position

20–200% 100% Enter the inductance saturation point.

20–200% 100% This parameter species the saturation curve of the d- and

[1] Parking

O Performing an AMA optimizes motor performance.

Size related Set the stator resistance value.

Obtain the value from the permanent magnet motor

datasheet.

of Ld. Ideally, this parameter has the same value as

parameter 1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld). However, if the

motor supplier provides an induction curve, enter the

induction value, which is 200% of the nominal current.

of Lq. Ideally, this parameter has the same value as

parameter 1-38 q-axis Inductance (Lq). However, if the

motor supplier provides an induction curve, enter the

induction value, which is 200% of the nominal current.

detection at start.

q-inductance values. From 20–100% of this parameter, the

inductances are linearly approximated due to

parameter 1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld), parameter 1-38 q-axis

Inductance (Lq), parameter 1-44 d-axis Inductance Sat.

(LdSat), and parameter 1-45 q-axis Inductance Sat. (LqSat).

[0] Rotor Detection Select the PM motor start mode.

Programming Design Guide

Parameter Option Default Usage

Parameter 1-73 Flying Start [0] Disabled

[1] Enabled

Parameter 3-02 Minimum

Reference

Parameter 3-03 Maximum

Reference

Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp

Up Time

Parameter 3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp

Down Time

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed

Low Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed

High Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-19 Max Output

Frequency

Parameter 5-40 Function Relay See

Parameter 6-10 Terminal 53 Low

Voltage

Parameter 6-11 Terminal 53

High Voltage

Parameter 6-12 Terminal 53 Low

Current

Parameter 6-13 Terminal 53

High Current

Parameter 6-19 Terminal 53

mode

Parameter 30-22 Locked Rotor

Protection

Parameter 30-23 Locked Rotor

Detection Time [s]

-4999.000–4999.000 0 The minimum reference is the lowest value obtainable by

-4999.000–4999.000 50 The maximum reference is the highest obtainable by

0.05–3600.00 s Size related If asynchronous motor is selected, the ramp-up time is

0.05–3600.00 s Size related For asynchronous motors, the ramp-down time is from

0.0–400.0 Hz 0 Hz Enter the minimum limit for low speed.

0.0–400.0 Hz 100 Hz Enter the maximum limit for high speed.

0.0–400.0 Hz 100 Hz Enter the maximum output frequency value. If

parameter 5-40 Function

Relay.

parameter 5-40 Function

Relay.

0.00–10.00 V 0.07 V Enter the voltage that corresponds to the low reference

0.00–10.00 V 10 V Enter the voltage that corresponds to the high reference

0.00–20.00 mA 4 mA Enter the current that corresponds to the low reference

0.00–20.00 mA 20 mA Enter the current that corresponds to the high reference

[0] Current

[1] Voltage

[0] O

[1] On

0.05–1 s 0.10 s

[0] Disabled Select [1] Enabled to enable the frequency converter to

catch a motor spinning due to mains drop-out. Select [0]

Disabled if this function is not required. When this

parameter is set to [1] Enabled, parameter 1-71 Start Delay

and parameter 1-72 Start Function are not functional.

Parameter 1-73 Flying Start is active in VVC+ mode only.

summing all references.

from 0 to rated parameter 1-23 Motor Frequency. If PM

motor is selected, the ramp-up time is from 0 to

parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed.

rated parameter 1-23 Motor Frequency to 0. For PM motors,

the ramp-down time is from parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal

Speed to 0.

parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency is set lower than

parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz],

parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is set equal to

parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency automatically.

[9] Alarm Select the function to control output relay 1.

[5] Drive running Select the function to control output relay 2.

value.

[1] Voltage Select if terminal 53 is used for current or voltage input.

[0] O

–

Table 6.4 Set-up Wizard for Open-loop Applications

6-29 Terminal 54 Mode

[1]

Voltage

6-25 T54 high Feedback

0050

20-94 PI integral time

0020.00

Current

Voltage

This dialog is forced to be set to [1] Analog input 54

20-00 Feedback 1 source

[1]

Analog input 54

3-10 Preset reference [0]

0.00

3-03 Max Reference

50.00

3-02 Min Reference

0.00

Asynchronous motor

1-73 Flying Start

[0]

1-22 Motor Voltage

400

1-24 Motor Current

04.66

1-25 Motor nominal speed

1420

RPM

3-41 Ramp 1 ramp-up time

0010

3-42 Ramp1 ramp-down time

0010

0-06 Grid Type

4-12 Motor speed low limit

0016

4-13 Motor speed high limit

0050

130BC402.14

1-20 Motor Power

1.10

1-23 Motor Frequency

6-22 T54 Low Current

6-24 T54 low Feedback

0016

6-23 T54 high Current

13.30

6-25 T54 high Feedback

0050

0.01

20-81 PI Normal/Inverse Control

[0]

Normal

20-83 PI Normal/Inverse Control

0050

20-93 PI Proportional Gain

00.50

1-29 Automatic Motor Adaption

[0]

Oﬀ

6-20 T54 low Voltage

0050

6-24 T54 low Feedback

0016

6-21 T54 high Voltage

0220

6-26

T54 Filter time const.

1-00 Conﬁguration Mode

[3]

Closed Loop

0-03 Regional Settings

[0]

Power kW/50 Hz

3-16 Reference Source 2

[0]

No Operation

1-10 Motor Type

[0]

Asynchronous

[0]

200-240V/50Hz/Delta

1-30 Stator Resistance

0.65

Ohms

1-25 Motor Nominal Speed

3000

RPM

1-24 Motor Current

3.8

1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque

5.4

1-38 q-axis inductance(Lq)

4-19 Max Ouput Frequency

0065

1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM

PM motor

1-39 Motor Poles

04.66

Motor type = Asynchronous

Motor type = PM motor

Motor type = IPM

Motor type = SPM

1-44 d-axis Inductance Sat. (LdSat)

(1-70) Start Mode

Rotor Detection

[0]

1-46 Position Detection Gain

Oﬀ

100

30-22 Locked Rotor Detection

[0]

30-23 Locked Rotor Detection Time[s]

0.10

1-42 Motor Cable Length

(1-45) q-axis Inductance Sat. (LqSat)

(1-48) Current at Min Inductance for d-axis

100

1-49 Current at Min Inductance for q-axis

100

1-37 d-axis inductance(Lq)

... the Wizard starts

Programming

Set-up Wizard for Closed-loop Applications

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Illustration 6.5 Set-up Wizard for Closed-loop Applications

Programming Design Guide

Parameter Range Default Usage

Parameter 0-03 Regional

Settings

Parameter 0-06 GridType [0]–[132] see Table 6.4. Size selected Select the operating mode for restart after reconnection of

Parameter 1-00 Conguration

Mode

[0] International

[1] US

[0] Open loop

[3] Closed loop

[0] International –

the frequency converter to mains voltage after power-

down.

[0] Open loop Select [3] Closed loop.

Programming

Parameter Range Default Usage

Parameter 1-10 Motor

Construction

*[0] Asynchron

[1] PM, non-salient SPM

[3] PM, salient IPM

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

[0] Asynchron Setting the parameter value might change these

parameters:

•

Parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle.

Parameter 1-03 Torque Characteristics.

Parameter 1-08 Motor Control Bandwidth.

Parameter 1-14 Damping Gain.

Parameter 1-15 Low Speed Filter Time Const.

Parameter 1-16 High Speed Filter Time Const.

Parameter 1-17 Voltage lter time const.

Parameter 1-20 Motor Power.

Parameter 1-22 Motor Voltage.

Parameter 1-23 Motor Frequency.

Parameter 1-24 Motor Current.

Parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed.

Parameter 1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque.

Parameter 1-30 Stator Resistance (Rs).

Parameter 1-33 Stator Leakage Reactance (X1).

Parameter 1-35 Main Reactance (Xh).

Parameter 1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld).

Parameter 1-38 q-axis Inductance (Lq).

Parameter 1-39 Motor Poles.

Parameter 1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM.

Parameter 1-44 d-axis Inductance Sat. (LdSat).

Parameter 1-45 q-axis Inductance Sat. (LqSat).

Parameter 1-46 Position Detection Gain.

Parameter 1-48 Current at Min Inductance for d-axis.

Parameter 1-49 Current at Min Inductance for q-axis.

Parameter 1-66 Min. Current at Low Speed.

Parameter 1-70 Start Mode.

Parameter 1-72 Start Function.

Parameter 1-73 Flying Start.

Parameter 1-80 Function at Stop.

Parameter 1-82 Min Speed for Function at Stop [Hz].

Parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection.

Parameter 2-00 DC Hold/Motor Preheat Current.

Parameter 2-01 DC Brake Current.

Parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time.

Parameter 2-04 DC Brake Cut In Speed.

Parameter 2-10 Brake Function.

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz].

Parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency.

Parameter 4-58 Missing Motor Phase Function.

Parameter 14-65 Speed Derate Dead Time Compensation.

Programming Design Guide

Parameter Range Default Usage

Parameter 1-20 Motor Power 0.09–110 kW Size related Enter the motor power from the nameplate data.

Parameter 1-22 Motor Voltage 50–1000 V Size related Enter the motor voltage from the nameplate data.

Parameter 1-23 Motor

Frequency

Parameter 1-24 Motor Current 0–10000 A Size related Enter the motor current from the nameplate data.

Parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal

Speed

Parameter 1-26 Motor Cont.

Rated Torque

20–400 Hz Size related Enter the motor frequency from the nameplate data.

50–9999 RPM Size related Enter the motor nominal speed from the nameplate data.

0.1–1000.0 Nm Size related This parameter is available when parameter 1-10 Motor

Construction is set to options that enable permanent

magnet motor mode.

NOTICE

Changing this parameter aects the settings of other parameters.

Parameter 1-29 Automatic

Motor Adaption (AMA)

Parameter 1-30 Stator

Resistance (Rs)

Parameter 1-37 d-axis

Inductance (Ld)

Parameter 1-38 q-axis

Inductance (Lq)

Parameter 1-39 Motor Poles 2–100 4 Enter the number of motor poles.

Parameter 1-40 Back EMF at

1000 RPM

Parameter 1-42 Motor Cable

Length

Parameter 1-44 d-axis

Inductance Sat. (LdSat)

Parameter 1-45 q-axis

Inductance Sat. (LqSat)

Parameter 1-46 Position

Detection Gain

Parameter 1-48 Current at Min

Inductance for d-axis

Parameter 1-49 Current at Min

Inductance for q-axis

Parameter 1-70 Start Mode [0] Rotor Detection

Parameter 1-73 Flying Start [0] Disabled

O Performing an AMA optimizes motor performance.

0–99.990 Ω

0.000–1000.000 mH Size related Enter the value of the d-axis inductance.

0.000–1000.000 mH Size related Enter the value of the q-axis inductance.

10–9000 V Size related Line-line RMS back EMF voltage at 1000 RPM.

0–100 m 50 m Enter the motor cable length.

0.000–1000.000 mH Size related This parameter corresponds to the inductance saturation

20–200% 100% Adjusts the height of the test pulse during position

20–200% 100% Enter the inductance saturation point.

20–200% 100% This parameter species the saturation curve of the d- and

[1] Parking

[1] Enabled

Size related Set the stator resistance value.

Obtain the value from the permanent magnet motor

datasheet.

of Ld. Ideally, this parameter has the same value as

parameter 1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld). However, if the

motor supplier provides an induction curve, enter the

induction value, which is 200% of the nominal current.

of Lq. Ideally, this parameter has the same value as

parameter 1-38 q-axis Inductance (Lq). However, if the

motor supplier provides an induction curve, enter the

induction value, which is 200% of the nominal current.

detection at start.

q-inductance values. From 20–100% of this parameter, the

inductances are linearly approximated due to

parameter 1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld), parameter 1-38 q-axis

Inductance (Lq), parameter 1-44 d-axis Inductance Sat.

(LdSat), and parameter 1-45 q-axis Inductance Sat. (LqSat).

[0] Rotor Detection Select the PM motor start mode.

[0] Disabled Select [1] Enabled to enable the frequency converter to

catch a spinning motor in, for example, fan applications.

When PM is selected, this parameter is enabled.

Programming

Parameter Range Default Usage

Parameter 3-02 Minimum

Reference

Parameter 3-03 Maximum

Reference

Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference -100–100% 0 Enter the setpoint.

Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp

Up Time

Parameter 3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp

Down Time

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed

Low Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed

High Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-19 Max Output

Frequency

Parameter 6-20 Terminal 54 Low

Voltage

Parameter 6-21 Terminal 54

High Voltage

Parameter 6-22 Terminal 54 Low

Current

Parameter 6-23 Terminal 54

High Current

Parameter 6-24 Terminal 54 Low

Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-25 Terminal 54

High Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-26 Terminal 54

Filter Time Constant

Parameter 6-29 Terminal 54

mode

Parameter 20-81 PI Normal/

Inverse Control

Parameter 20-83 PI Start Speed

[Hz]

Parameter 20-93 PI Proportional

Gain

Parameter 20-94 PI Integral

Time

Parameter 30-22 Locked Rotor

Protection

-4999.000–4999.000 0 The minimum reference is the lowest value obtainable by

-4999.000–4999.000 50 The maximum reference is the highest value obtainable by

0.05–3600.0 s Size related Ramp-up time from 0 to rated parameter 1-23 Motor

0.05–3600.0 s Size related Ramp-down time from rated parameter 1-23 Motor

0.0–400.0 Hz 0.0 Hz Enter the minimum limit for low speed.

0.0–400.0 Hz 100 Hz Enter the maximum limit for high speed.

0.0–400.0 Hz 100 Hz Enter the maximum output frequency value. If

0.00–10.00 V 0.07 V Enter the voltage that corresponds to the low reference

0.00–10.00 V 10.00 V Enter the voltage that corresponds to the high reference

0.00–20.00 mA 4.00 mA Enter the current that corresponds to the low reference

0.00–20.00 mA 20.00 mA Enter the current that corresponds to the high reference

-4999–4999 0 Enter the feedback value that corresponds to the voltage

-4999–4999 50 Enter the feedback value that corresponds to the voltage

0.00–10.00 s 0.01 Enter the lter time constant.

[0] Current

[1] Voltage

[0] Normal

[1] Inverse

0–200 Hz 0 Hz Enter the motor speed to be attained as a start signal for

0.00–10.00 0.01 Enter the process controller proportional gain. Quick

0.1–999.0 s 999.0 s Enter the process controller integral time. Obtain quick

[0] O

[1] On

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

summing all references.

Frequency for asynchronous motors. Ramp-up time from 0

to parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed for PM motors.

Frequency to 0 for asynchronous motors. Ramp-down time

from parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed to 0 for PM

motors.

parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency is set lower than

parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz],

parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is set equal to

parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency automatically.

value.

or current set in parameter 6-20 Terminal 54 Low Voltage/

parameter 6-22 Terminal 54 Low Current.

or current set in parameter 6-21 Terminal 54 High Voltage/

parameter 6-23 Terminal 54 High Current.

[1] Voltage Select if terminal 54 is used for current or voltage input.

[0] Normal Select [0] Normal to set the process control to increase the

output speed when the process error is positive. Select [1]

Inverse to reduce the output speed.

commencement of PI control.

control is obtained at high amplication. However, if

amplication is too high, the process may become

unstable.

control through a short integral time, though if the

integral time is too short, the process becomes unstable.

An excessively long integral time disables the integral

action.

[0] O

–

Programming Design Guide

Parameter Range Default Usage

Parameter 30-23 Locked Rotor

Detection Time [s]

Table 6.5 Set-up Wizard for Closed-loop Applications

Motor set-up

The motor set-up wizard guides users through the needed motor parameters.

Parameter Range Default Usage

Parameter 0-03 Regional

Settings

Parameter 0-06 GridType [0]–[132] see Table 6.4. Size related Select the operating mode for restart after reconnection of

0.05–1.00 s 0.10 s

[0] International

[1] US

0 –

–

the frequency converter to mains voltage after power-

down.

Programming

Parameter Range Default Usage

Parameter 1-10 Motor

Construction

*[0] Asynchron

[1] PM, non-salient SPM

[3] PM, salient IPM

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

[0] Asynchron Setting the parameter value might change these

parameters:

•

Parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle.

Parameter 1-03 Torque Characteristics.

Parameter 1-08 Motor Control Bandwidth.

Parameter 1-14 Damping Gain.

Parameter 1-15 Low Speed Filter Time Const.

Parameter 1-16 High Speed Filter Time Const.

Parameter 1-17 Voltage lter time const.

Parameter 1-20 Motor Power.

Parameter 1-22 Motor Voltage.

Parameter 1-23 Motor Frequency.

Parameter 1-24 Motor Current.

Parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed.

Parameter 1-26 Motor Cont. Rated Torque.

Parameter 1-30 Stator Resistance (Rs).

Parameter 1-33 Stator Leakage Reactance (X1).

Parameter 1-35 Main Reactance (Xh).

Parameter 1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld).

Parameter 1-38 q-axis Inductance (Lq).

Parameter 1-39 Motor Poles.

Parameter 1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM.

Parameter 1-44 d-axis Inductance Sat. (LdSat).

Parameter 1-45 q-axis Inductance Sat. (LqSat).

Parameter 1-46 Position Detection Gain.

Parameter 1-48 Current at Min Inductance for d-axis.

Parameter 1-49 Current at Min Inductance for q-axis.

Parameter 1-66 Min. Current at Low Speed.

Parameter 1-70 Start Mode.

Parameter 1-72 Start Function.

Parameter 1-73 Flying Start.

Parameter 1-80 Function at Stop.

Parameter 1-82 Min Speed for Function at Stop [Hz].

Parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection.

Parameter 2-00 DC Hold/Motor Preheat Current.

Parameter 2-01 DC Brake Current.

Parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time.

Parameter 2-04 DC Brake Cut In Speed.

Parameter 2-10 Brake Function.

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz].

Parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency.

Parameter 4-58 Missing Motor Phase Function.

Parameter 14-65 Speed Derate Dead Time Compensation.

Programming Design Guide

Parameter Range Default Usage

Parameter 1-20 Motor Power 0.12–110 kW/0.16–150hpSize related Enter the motor power from the nameplate data.

Parameter 1-22 Motor Voltage 50–1000 V Size related Enter the motor voltage from the nameplate data.

Parameter 1-23 Motor

Frequency

Parameter 1-24 Motor Current 0.01–10000.00 A Size related Enter the motor current from the nameplate data.

Parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal

Speed

Parameter 1-26 Motor Cont.

Rated Torque

20–400 Hz Size related Enter the motor frequency from the nameplate data.

50–9999 RPM Size related Enter the motor nominal speed from the nameplate data.

0.1–1000.0 Nm Size related This parameter is available when parameter 1-10 Motor

Construction is set to options that enable permanent

magnet motor mode.

NOTICE

Changing this parameter aects the settings of other parameters.

Parameter 1-30 Stator

Resistance (Rs)

Parameter 1-37 d-axis

Inductance (Ld)

Parameter 1-38 q-axis

Inductance (Lq)

Parameter 1-39 Motor Poles 2–100 4 Enter the number of motor poles.

Parameter 1-40 Back EMF at

1000 RPM

Parameter 1-42 Motor Cable

Length

Parameter 1-44 d-axis

Inductance Sat. (LdSat)

Parameter 1-45 q-axis

Inductance Sat. (LqSat)

Parameter 1-46 Position

Detection Gain

Parameter 1-48 Current at Min

Inductance for d-axis

Parameter 1-49 Current at Min

Inductance for q-axis

Parameter 1-70 Start Mode [0] Rotor Detection

Parameter 1-73 Flying Start [0] Disabled

Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp

Up Time

Parameter 3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp

Down Time

0–99.990 Ω

0.000–1000.000 mH Size related Enter the value of the d-axis inductance. Obtain the value

0.000–1000.000 mH Size related Enter the value of the q-axis inductance.

10–9000 V Size related Line-line RMS back EMF voltage at 1000 RPM.

0–100 m 50 m Enter the motor cable length.

0.000–1000.000 mH Size related This parameter corresponds to the inductance saturation

20–200% 100% Adjusts the height of the test pulse during position

20–200% 100% Enter the inductance saturation point.

20–200% 100% This parameter species the saturation curve of the d- and

[1] Parking

[1] Enabled

0.05–3600.0 s Size related Ramp-up time from 0 to rated parameter 1-23 Motor

0.05–3600.0 s Size related Ramp-down time from rated parameter 1-23 Motor

Size related Set the stator resistance value.

from the permanent magnet motor datasheet.

of Ld. Ideally, this parameter has the same value as

parameter 1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld). However, if the

motor supplier provides an induction curve, enter the

induction value, which is 200% of the nominal current.

of Lq. Ideally, this parameter has the same value as

parameter 1-38 q-axis Inductance (Lq). However, if the

motor supplier provides an induction curve, enter the

induction value, which is 200% of the nominal current.

detection at start.

q-inductance values. From 20–100% of this parameter, the

inductances are linearly approximated due to

parameter 1-37 d-axis Inductance (Ld), parameter 1-38 q-axis

Inductance (Lq), parameter 1-44 d-axis Inductance Sat.

(LdSat), and parameter 1-45 q-axis Inductance Sat. (LqSat).

[0] Rotor Detection Select the PM motor start mode.

[0] Disabled Select [1] Enabled to enable the frequency converter to

catch a spinning motor.

Frequency.

Frequency to 0.

Programming

Parameter Range Default Usage

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed

Low Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed

High Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-19 Max Output

Frequency

Parameter 30-22 Locked Rotor

Protection

Parameter 30-23 Locked Rotor

Detection Time [s]

0.0–400.0 Hz 0.0 Hz Enter the minimum limit for low speed.

0.0–400.0 Hz 100.0 Hz Enter the maximum limit for high speed.

0.0–400.0 Hz 100.0 Hz Enter the maximum output frequency value. If

[0] O

[1] On

0.05–1.00 s 0.10 s

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency is set lower than

parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz],

parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is set equal to

parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency automatically.

[0] O

–

Table 6.6 Motor Set-up Wizard Settings

Changes made

The changes made function lists all parameters changed from default settings.

The list shows only parameters that have been

•

changed in the current edit set-up.

Parameters that have been reset to default values

•

are not listed.

The message Empty indicates that no parameters

•

have been changed.

Changing parameter settings

1. To enter the Quick Menu, press the [Menu] key until the indicator in the display is placed above Quick Menu.

Press [▲] [▼] to select the wizard, closed-loop setup, motor set-up, or changes made.

3. Press [OK].

Press [▲] [▼] to browse through the parameters in the Quick Menu.

5. Press [OK] to select a parameter.

Press [▲] [▼] to change the value of a parameter setting.

7. Press [OK] to accept the change.

8. Press either [Back] twice to enter Status, or press [Menu] once to enter the Main Menu.

The main menu accesses all parameters

1. Press the [Menu] key until the indicator in the display is placed above Main Menu.

Press [▲] [▼] to browse through the parameter groups.

3. Press [OK] to select a parameter group.

Press [▲] [▼] to browse through the parameters in the specic group.

5. Press [OK] to select the parameter.

Press [▲] [▼] to set/change the parameter value.

7. Press [OK] to accept the change.

6.3.3 Main Menu

Press [Menu] to access the main menu and program all parameters. The main menu parameters can be accessed readily unless a password has been created via parameter 0-60 Main Menu Password. For most applications, it is not necessary to access the main menu parameters. The quick menu provides the simplest and quickest access to the typically required parameters.

Quick Transfer of Parameter Settings

6.4 between Multiple Frequency Converters

When the set-up of a frequency converter is completed, store the data in the LCP or on a PC via MCT 10 Set-up Software.

Data transfer from the frequency converter to the LCP

1. Go to parameter 0-50 LCP Copy.

2. Press [OK].

3. Select [1] All to LCP.

4. Press [OK].

Connect the LCP to another frequency converter and copy the parameter settings to this frequency converter as well.

Programming Design Guide

Data transfer from the LCP to the frequency converter

1. Go to parameter 0-50 LCP Copy.

2. Press [OK].

3. Select [2] All from LCP.

4. Press [OK].

6.5 Readout and Programming of Indexed Parameters

Select the parameter, press [OK], and press [ through the indexed values. To change the parameter value, select the indexed value and press [OK]. Change the value by pressing [▲]/[▼]. Press [OK] to accept the new setting. Press [Cancel] to abort. Press [Back] to leave the parameter.

]/[▼] to scroll

▲

6.6 Initialization to Default Settings

There are 2 ways to initialize the frequency converter to the default settings.

Recommended initialization

1. Select parameter 14-22 Operation Mode.

2. Press [OK].

3. Select [2] Initialisation and Press [OK].

4. Power

5. Reconnect the mains supply. The frequency

o the frequency converter and wait until

the display turns o.

converter is now reset, except for the following parameters:

Parameter 1-06 Clockwise Direction

•

Parameter 8-30 Protocol

•

Parameter 8-31 Address

•

Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate

•

Parameter 8-33 Parity / Stop Bits

•

Parameter 8-35 Minimum Response Delay

•

Parameter 8-36 Maximum Response Delay

•

Parameter 8-37 Maximum Inter-char delay

•

Parameter 8-70 BACnet Device Instance

•

Parameter 8-72 MS/TP Max Masters

•

Parameter 8-73 MS/TP Max Info Frames

•

Parameter 8-74 "I am" Service

•

Parameter 8-75 Intialisation Password

•

Parameter 15-00 Operating hours to

•

parameter 15-05 Over Volt's

Parameter 15-03 Power Up's

•

Parameter 15-04 Over Temp's

•

Parameter 15-05 Over Volt's

•

Parameter 15-30 Alarm Log: Error Code

•

Parameter group 15-4* Drive identication

•

Parameter 18-10 FireMode Log:Event

•

2-nger initialization

The other way to initialize the frequency converter to default settings is through 2-nger initialization:

1. Power o the frequency converter.

2. Press [OK] and [Menu].

3. Power up the frequency converter while still pressing the keys for 10 s.

4. The frequency converter is now reset, except for the following parameters:

Parameter 1-06 Clockwise Direction

•

Parameter 15-00 Operating hours

•

Parameter 15-03 Power Up's

•

Parameter 15-04 Over Temp's

•

Parameter 15-05 Over Volt's

•

Parameter group 15-4* Drive identication

•

Parameter 18-10 FireMode Log:Event

•

Initialization of parameters is conrmed by alarm 80, Drive initialised in the display after the power cycle.

61 68 69

COMM. GND

130BB795.10

130BG049.10

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

7 RS485 Installation and Set-up

7.1 RS485

7.1.1 Overview

RS485 is a 2-wire bus interface compatible with multi-drop network topology, that is, nodes can be connected as a bus, or via drop cables from a common trunk line. A total of 32 nodes can be connected to 1 network segment. Repeaters divide network segments.

NOTICE

Each repeater functions as a node within the segment in which it is installed. Each node connected within a given network must have a unique node address across all

segments.

Terminate each segment at both ends, using either the termination switch (S801) of the frequency converters or a biased termination resistor network. Always use shielded twisted pair (STP) cable for bus cabling, and follow good common installation practice.

Low-impedance ground connection of the shield at every node is important. Connect a large surface of the shield to ground, for example with a cable clamp or a conductive cable gland. Apply potential-equalizing cables to maintain the same ground potential throughout the network particularly in installations with long cables. To prevent impedance mismatch, always use the same type of cable throughout the entire network. When connecting a motor to the frequency converter, always use shielded motor cable.

7.1.2 Network Connection

Connect the frequency converter to the RS485 network as follows (see also Illustration 7.1):

1. Connect signal wires to terminal 68 (P+) and terminal 69 (N-) on the main control board of the frequency converter.

2. Connect the cable shield to the cable clamps.

NOTICE

To reduce noise between conductors, use shielded, twisted-pair cables.

Illustration 7.1 Network Connection

7.1.3 Frequency Converter Hardware Set-up

Use the terminator dip switch on the main control board of the frequency converter to terminate the RS485 bus.

Cable Shielded twisted pair (STP)

Impedance [Ω]

Cable length

[m (ft)]

Table 7.1 Cable Specications

120

Maximum 1200 (3937) (including drop lines).

Maximum 500 (1640) station-to-station.

Illustration 7.2 Terminator Switch Factory Setting

The factory setting for the dip switch is OFF.

195NA493.11

90°

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

7.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication

Parameter Function

Parameter 8-30 Prot

ocol

Parameter 8-31 Add

ress

Parameter 8-32 Bau

d Rate

Parameter 8-33 Pari

ty / Stop Bits

Select the application protocol to run for

the RS485 interface.

Set the node address.

NOTICE

The address range depends on the protocol selected in parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Set the baud rate.

NOTICE

The default baud rate depends on the protocol selected in parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Set the parity and number of stop bits.

NOTICE

The default selection depends on the protocol selected in parameter 8-30 Protocol.

7.1.5 EMC Precautions

NOTICE

Observe relevant national and local regulations regarding protective ground connection. Failure to ground the cables properly can result in communication degradation and equipment damage. To avoid coupling of high frequency noise between the cables, keep the RS485 communication cable away from motor and brake resistor cables. Normally, a distance of 200 mm (8 in) is sucient. Maintain the greatest possible distance between the cables, especially where cables run in parallel over long distances. When crossing is unavoidable, the RS485 cable must cross motor and brake resistor cables at an angle of 90°.

7 7

Parameter 8-35 Min

imum Response

Delay

Parameter 8-36 Ma

ximum Response

Delay

Parameter 8-37 Ma

ximum Inter-char

delay

Specify a minimum delay time between

receiving a request and transmitting a

response. This function is for overcoming

modem turnaround delays.

Specify a maximum delay time between

transmitting a request and receiving a

response.

If transmission is interrupted, specify a

maximum delay time between 2 received

bytes to ensure timeout.

NOTICE

The default selection depends on the protocol selected in parameter 8-30 Protocol.

1 Fieldbus cable

Table 7.2 Modbus Communication Parameter Settings

2 Minimum 200 mm (8 in) distance

Illustration 7.3 Minimum Distance between Communication

and Power Cables

0 1 32 4 5 6 7

195NA036.10

Start bit

Even Stop Parity bit

STX LGE ADR DATA BCC

195NA099.10

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

7.2 FC Protocol

7.2.1 Overview

The FC protocol, also referred to as FC bus or standard bus, is the Danfoss standard technique according to the master-slave principle for communications via a serial bus. One master and a maximum of 126 slaves can be connected to the bus. The master selects the individual slaves via an address character in the telegram. A slave itself can never transmit without rst being requested to do so, and direct message transfer between the individual slaves is not possible. Communications occur in the halfduplex mode. The master function cannot be transferred to another node (single-master system).

eldbus. It denes an access

Parameter Settings to Enable the

7.3 Protocol

To enable the FC protocol for the frequency converter, set the following parameters.

Parameter Setting

Parameter 8-30 Protocol FC

Parameter 8-31 Address 1–126

Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate 2400–115200

Parameter 8-33 Parity / Stop Bits

Table 7.3 Parameters to Enable the Protocol

Even parity, 1 stop bit

(default)

7.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure

7.4.1 Content of a Character (Byte)

The physical layer is RS485, thus utilizing the RS485 port built into the frequency converter. The FC protocol supports

dierent telegram formats: A short format of 8 bytes for process data.

•

A long format of 16 bytes that also includes a

•

parameter channel.

A format used for texts.

•

Each character transferred begins with a start bit. Then 8 data bits are transferred, corresponding to a byte. Each character is secured via a parity bit. This bit is set at 1 when it reaches parity. Parity is when there is an equal number of 1s in the 8 data bits and the parity bit in total. A stop bit completes a character, thus consisting of 11 bits in all.

7.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU

The FC protocol provides access to the control word and bus reference of the frequency converter.

The control word allows the Modbus master to control several important functions of the frequency converter:

Start.

•

Stop of the frequency converter in various ways:

•

- Coast stop.

- Quick stop.

- DC brake stop.

- Normal (ramp) stop.

Reset after a fault trip.

•

Run at various preset speeds.

•

Run in reverse.

•

Change of the active set-up.

•

Control of the 2 relays built into the frequency

•

converter.

The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is also possible to access the parameters, read their values, and where possible, write values to them. Accessing the parameters oers a range of control options, including controlling the setpoint of the frequency converter when its internal PI controller is used.

Illustration 7.4 Content of a Character

7.4.2 Telegram Structure

Each telegram has the following structure:

Start character (STX) = 02 hex.

•

A byte denoting the telegram length (LGE).

•

A byte denoting the frequency converter address

•

(ADR).

Several data bytes (variable, depending on the type of telegram) follow.

A data control byte (BCC) completes the telegram.

Illustration 7.5 Telegram Structure

ADRLGESTX PCD1 PCD2 BCC

130BA269.10

PKE INDADRLGESTX PCD1 PCD2 BCC

130BA271.10

PWE

high

PWE

low

PKE IND

130BA270.10

ADRLGESTX PCD1 PCD2 B CCCh1 Ch2 Chn

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

130BB918.10

PKE IND

PWE

high

PWE

low

AK PNU

Parameter

commands

and replies

Parameter

number

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

7.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE)

The telegram length is the number of data bytes plus the address byte ADR and the data control byte BCC.

4 data bytes LGE = 4+1+1 = 6 bytes

12 data bytes LGE = 12+1+1 = 14 bytes

Telegrams containing texts

Table 7.4 Length of Telegrams

1) The 10 represents the

(depending on the length of the text).

xed characters, while the n is variable

101)+n bytes

7.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR)

Address format 1–126

Bit 7 = 1 (address format 1–126 active).

•

Bit 0–6 = frequency converter address 1–126.

•

Bit 0–6 = 0 broadcast.

•

The slave returns the address byte unchanged to the master in the response telegram.

Parameter block

The parameter block is used to transfer parameters between master and slave. The data block is made up of 12 bytes (6 words) and also contains the process block.

Illustration 7.7 Parameter Block

Text block

The text block is used to read or write texts via the data block.

Illustration 7.8 Text Block

7.4.7 The PKE Field

The PKE eld contains 2 subelds:

Parameter command and response (AK)

•

Parameter number (PNU)

•

7 7

7.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC)

The checksum is calculated as an XOR-function. Before the rst byte in the telegram is received, the calculated checksum is 0.

7.4.6 The Data Field

The structure of data blocks depends on the type of telegram. There are 3 telegram types, and the type applies for both control telegrams (master⇒slave) and response telegrams (slave⇒master).

The 3 types of telegram are:

Process block (PCD)

The PCD is made up of a data block of 4 bytes (2 words) and contains:

Control word and reference value (from master to

•

slave).

Status word and present output frequency (from

•

slave to master).

Illustration 7.9 PKE Field

Bits 12–15 transfer parameter commands from master to slave and return processed slave responses to the master.

Illustration 7.6 Process Block

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Parameter commands master⇒slave

Bit number Parameter command

15 14 13 12

0 0 0 0 No command.

0 0 0 1 Read parameter value.

0 0 1 0 Write parameter value in RAM (word).

0 0 1 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

1 1 1 1 Read text.

Table 7.5 Parameter Commands

Bit number Response

15 14 13 12

0 0 0 0 No response.

0 0 0 1 Parameter value transferred (word).

0 0 1 0

0 1 1 1 Command cannot be performed.

1 1 1 1 Text transferred.

Table 7.6 Response

Write parameter value in RAM (double

word).

Write parameter value in RAM and

EEPROM (double word).

Write parameter value in RAM and

EEPROM (word).

Response slave⇒master

Parameter value transferred (double

word).

Fault code FC specication

0 Illegal parameter number.

1 Parameter cannot be changed.

2 Upper or lower limit is exceeded.

3 Subindex is corrupted.

4 No array.

5 Wrong data type.

6 Not used.

7 Not used.

9 Description element is not available.

11 No parameter write access.

15 No text available.

17 Not applicable while running.

18 Other errors.

100 –

>100 –

130 No bus access for this parameter.

131 Write to factory set-up is not possible.

132 No LCP access.

252 Unknown viewer.

253 Request is not supported.

254 Unknown attribute.

255 No error.

Table 7.7 Slave Report

7.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU)

If the command cannot be performed, the slave sends 0111 Command cannot be performed response and issues the following fault reports in Table 7.7.

Bit numbers 0–11 transfer parameter numbers. The function of the relevant parameter is dened in the parameter description in chapter 6 Programming.

7.4.9 Index (IND)

The index is used with the parameter number to read/ write access parameters with an index, for example, parameter 15-30 Alarm Log: Error Code. The index consists of 2 bytes: a low byte and a high byte.

Only the low byte is used as an index.

7.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE)

The parameter value block consists of 2 words (4 bytes), and the value depends on the dened command (AK). The master prompts for a parameter value when the PWE block contains no value. To change a parameter value (write), write the new value in the PWE block and send from the master to the slave.

When a slave responds to a parameter request (read command), the present parameter value in the PWE block is transferred and returned to the master. If a parameter contains several data options, for example

E19E H

PKE IND PWE

high

PWE

low

0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

130BA092.10

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

parameter 0-01 Language, select the data value by entering the value in the PWE block. Serial communication is only capable of reading parameters containing data type 9 (text string).

Parameter 15-40 FC Type to parameter 15-53 Power Card Serial Number contain data type 9.

For example, read the unit size and mains voltage range in parameter 15-40 FC Type. When a text string is transferred (read), the length of the telegram is variable, and the texts are of dierent lengths. The telegram length is dened in the 2nd byte of the telegram (LGE). When using text transfer, the index character indicates whether it is a read or a write command.

To read a text via the PWE block, set the parameter command (AK) to F hex. The index character high-byte must be 4.

7.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter

Unsigned means that there is no operational sign in the telegram.

Data types Description

3 Integer 16

4 Integer 32

5 Unsigned 8

6 Unsigned 16

7 Unsigned 32

9 Text string

Table 7.8 Data Types

7.4.12 Conversion

The programming guide contains the descriptions of attributes of each parameter. Parameter values are transferred as whole numbers only. Conversion factors are used to transfer decimals.

Conversion index Conversion factor

74 3600

2 100

1 10

0 1

-1 0.1

-2 0.01

-3 0.001

-4 0.0001

-5 0.00001

Table 7.9 Conversion

7.4.13 Process Words (PCD)

The block of process words is divided into 2 blocks of 16 bits, which always occur in the dened sequence.

PCD 1 PCD 2

Control telegram (master⇒slave control

word)

Control telegram (slave⇒master) status

word

Table 7.10 Process Words (PCD)

Examples

7.5

Reference value

Present output

frequency

7.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value

Change parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] to 100 Hz. Write the data in EEPROM.

PKE = E19E hex - Write single word in parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz]:

IND = 0000 hex.

•

PWEHIGH = 0000 hex.

•

PWELOW = 03E8 hex.

•

Data value 1000, corresponding to 100 Hz, see chapter 7.4.12 Conversion.

7 7

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] has a conversion factor of 0.1. To preset the minimum frequency to 10 Hz, transfer the value 100. A conversion factor of 0.1 means that the value transferred is multiplied by 0.1. The value 100 is thus perceived as 10.0.

The telegram looks like Illustration 7.10.

Illustration 7.10 Telegram

119E H

PKE

IND

PWE

high

PWE

low

0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

130BA093.10

1155 H

PKE IND PWE

high

PWE

low

0000 H 0000 H 0000 H

130BA094.10

130BA267.10

1155 H

PKE

IND

0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

PWE

high

PWE

low

RS485 Installation and Set-...

NOTICE

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is a single

word, and the parameter command for write in EEPROM is E. Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is 19E in hexadecimal.

The response from the slave to the master is shown in Illustration 7.11.

Illustration 7.11 Response from Master

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Modbus RTU Overview

7.6

7.6.1 Introduction

Danfoss assumes that the installed controller supports the interfaces in this document, and strictly observes all requirements and limitations stipulated in the controller and frequency converter.

The built-in Modbus RTU (remote terminal unit) is designed to communicate with any controller that supports the interfaces dened in this document. It is assumed that the user has full knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the controller.

7.6.2 Overview

7.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value

Read the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time.

PKE = 1155 hex - Read parameter value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time:

IND = 0000 hex.

•

PWE

•

PWE

•

Illustration 7.12 Telegram

If the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is 10 s, the response from the slave to the master is shown in Illustration 7.13.

Illustration 7.13 Response

3E8 hex corresponds to 1000 decimal. The conversion index for parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is -2, that is, 0.01.

Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is of the type Unsigned 32.

= 0000 hex.

HIGH

= 0000 hex.

LOW

Regardless of the type of physical communication networks, this section describes the process that a controller uses to request access to another device. This process includes how the Modbus RTU responds to requests from another device, and how errors are detected and reported. It also establishes a common format for the layout and contents of telegram elds.

During communications over a Modbus RTU network, the protocol:

Determines how each controller learns its device

•

address.

Recognizes a telegram addressed to it.

•

Determines which actions to take.

•

Extracts any data or other information contained

•

in the telegram.

If a reply is required, the controller constructs the reply telegram and sends it. Controllers communicate using a master/slave technique in which only the master can initiate transactions (called queries). Slaves respond by supplying the requested data to the master, or by acting as requested in the query. The master can address individual slaves, or initiate a broadcast telegram to all slaves. Slaves return a response to queries that are addressed to them individually. No responses are returned to broadcast queries from the master.

The Modbus RTU protocol establishes the format for the master query by providing the following information:

The device (or broadcast) address.

•

A function code dening the requested action.

•

Any data to be sent.

•

An error-checking eld.

•

The response telegram of the slave device is also constructed using Modbus protocol. It contains elds conrming the action taken, any data to be returned, and

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

an error-checking eld. If an error occurs in receipt of the telegram, or if the slave is unable to perform the requested action, the slave constructs and sends an error message. Alternatively, a timeout occurs.

7.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus

RTU

The frequency converter communicates in Modbus RTU format over the built-in RS485 interface. Modbus RTU provides access to the control word and bus reference of the frequency converter.

The control word allows the Modbus master to control several important functions of the frequency converter:

Start.

•

Various stops:

•

- Coast stop.

- Quick stop.

- DC brake stop.

- Normal (ramp) stop.

Reset after a fault trip.

•

Run at various preset speeds.

•

Run in reverse.

•

Change the active set-up.

•

Control built-in relay of the frequency converter.

•

The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is also possible to access the parameters, read their values, and, where possible, write values to them. Accessing the parameters controlling the setpoint of the frequency converter when its internal PI controller is used.

7.7

To enable Modbus RTU on the frequency converter, set the following parameters:

Parameter 8-30 Protocol Modbus RTU

Parameter 8-31 Address 1–247

Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate 2400–115200

Parameter 8-33 Parity / Stop Bits

Table 7.11 Network Conguration

oers a range of control options, including

Network Conguration

Parameter Setting

Even parity, 1 stop bit

(default)

Modbus RTU Message Framing

7.8 Structure

7.8.1 Introduction

The controllers are set up to communicate on the Modbus network using RTU (remote terminal unit) mode, with each byte in a telegram containing 2 4-bit hexadecimal characters. The format for each byte is shown in Table 7.12.

Start

bit

Table 7.12 Format for Each Byte

Coding system 8-bit binary, hexadecimal 0–9, A–F.

Bits per byte

Error check eld Cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

Table 7.13 Byte Details

Data byte Stop/

parity

2 hexadecimal characters contained in each

8-bit eld of the telegram.

1 start bit.

•

8 data bits, least signicant bit sent rst.

•

1 bit for even/odd parity; no bit for no

•

parity.

1 stop bit if parity is used; 2 bits if no

•

parity.

Stop

7.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure

The transmitting device places a Modbus RTU telegram into a frame with a known beginning and ending point. This allows receiving devices to begin at the start of the telegram, read the address portion, determine which device is addressed (or all devices, if the telegram is broadcast), and to recognize when the telegram is completed. Partial telegrams are detected and errors set as a result. Characters for transmission must be in hexadecimal 00–FF format in each eld. The frequency converter continuously monitors the network bus, also during silent intervals. When the rst eld (the address eld) is received, each frequency converter or device decodes it to determine which device is being addressed. Modbus RTU telegrams addressed to 0 are broadcast telegrams. No response is permitted for broadcast telegrams. A typical telegram frame is shown in Table 7.14.

Start Address Function Data

T1-T2-T3-

8 bits 8 bits N x 8 bits 16 bits

CRC

check

End

T1-T2-T3-

7 7

Table 7.14 Typical Modbus RTU Telegram Structure

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

7.8.3 Start/Stop Field

Telegrams start with a silent period of at least 3.5 character intervals. The silent period is implemented as a multiple of character intervals at the selected network baud rate (shown as Start T1-T2-T3-T4). The rst eld to be transmitted is the device address. Following the last transmitted character, a similar period of at least 3.5 character intervals marks the end of the telegram. A new telegram can begin after this period.

Transmit the entire telegram frame as a continuous stream. If a silent period of more than 1.5 character intervals occurs before completion of the frame, the receiving device

ushes the incomplete telegram and assumes that the next byte is the address eld of a new telegram. Similarly, if a new telegram begins before 3.5 character intervals after a previous telegram, the receiving device

considers it a continuation of the previous telegram. This behavior causes a timeout (no response from the slave), since the value in the nal CRC eld is not valid for the combined telegrams.

7.8.4 Address Field

The address eld of a telegram frame contains 8 bits. Valid slave device addresses are in the range of 0–247 decimal. The individual slave devices are assigned addresses in the range of 1–247. 0 is reserved for broadcast mode, which all slaves recognize. A master addresses a slave by placing the slave address in the address eld of the telegram. When the slave sends its response, it places its own address in this address eld to let the master know which slave is responding.

7.8.6 Data Field

The data eld is constructed using sets of 2 hexadecimal digits, in the range of 00–FF hexadecimal. These digits are made up of 1 RTU character. The data eld of telegrams sent from a master to a slave device contains additional information which the slave must use to perform accordingly.

The information can include items such as:

Coil or register addresses.

•

The quantity of items to be handled.

•

The count of actual data bytes in the

•

eld.

7.8.7 CRC Check Field

Telegrams include an error-checking eld, operating based on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) method. The CRC eld checks the contents of the entire telegram. It is applied regardless of any parity check method used for the individual characters of the telegram. The transmitting device calculates the CRC value and appends the CRC as the last eld in the telegram. The receiving device recalculates a CRC during receipt of the telegram and compares the calculated value to the actual value received in the CRC eld. 2 unequal values result in bus timeout. The error-checking eld contains a 16-bit binary value implemented as 2 8-bit bytes. After the implementation, the low-order byte of the eld is appended rst, followed by the high-order byte. The CRC high-order byte is the last byte sent in the telegram.

7.8.8 Coil Register Addressing

7.8.5 Function Field

The function eld of a telegram frame contains 8 bits. Valid codes are in the range of 1–FF. Function elds are used to send telegrams between master and slave. When a telegram is sent from a master to a slave device, the function code eld tells the slave what kind of action to perform. When the slave responds to the master, it uses the function code eld to indicate either a normal (errorfree) response, or that some kind of error occurred (called an exception response).

For a normal response, the slave simply echoes the original function code. For an exception response, the slave returns a code that is equivalent to the original function code with its most places a unique code into the data eld of the response telegram. This code tells the master what kind of error occurred, or the reason for the exception. Also refer to

chapter 7.8.11 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU and chapter 7.8.12 Modbus Exception Codes.

signicant bit set to logic 1. In addition, the slave

In Modbus, all data is organized in coils and holding registers. Coils hold a single bit, whereas holding registers hold a 2 byte word (that is 16 bits). All data addresses in Modbus telegrams are referenced to 0. The 1st occurrence of a data item is addressed as item number 0. For example: The coil known as coil 1 in a programmable controller is addressed as coil 0000 in the data address eld of a Modbus telegram. Coil 127 decimal is addressed as coil 007Ehex (126 decimal). Holding register 40001 is addressed as register 0000 in the data address eld of the telegram. The function code eld already species a holding register operation. Therefore, the 4XXXX reference is implicit. Holding register 40108 is addressed as register 006Bhex (107 decimal).

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

Coil

number

1–16

17–32

33–48

49–64

66–65536 Reserved. –

Table 7.15 Coil Register

Coil 0 1

01 Preset reference lsb

02 Preset reference msb

03 DC brake No DC brake

04 Coast stop No coast stop

05 Quick stop No quick stop

06 Freeze frequency No freeze frequency

07 Ramp stop Start

08 No reset Reset

09 No jog Jog

10 Ramp 1 Ramp 2

11 Data not valid Data valid

12 Relay 1 o Relay 1 on

13 Relay 2 o Relay 2 on

14 Set up lsb

15 –

16 No reversing Reversing

Frequency converter control word

(see Table 7.16).

Frequency converter speed or

setpoint reference range 0x0–

0xFFFF (-200% ... ~200%).

Frequency converter status word

(see Table 7.17).

Open-loop mode: Frequency

converter output frequency.

Closed-loop mode: Frequency

converter feedback signal.

Parameter write control (master to

slave).

0 = Parameter changes are written

to the RAM of the frequency

converter.

1 = Parameter changes are written

to the RAM and EEPROM of the

frequency converter.

Description

Signal

direction

Master to slave

Slave to master

Master to slave

Coil 0 1

33 Control not ready Control ready

Frequency converter not

ready

35 Coast stop Safety closed

36 No alarm Alarm

37 Not used Not used

38 Not used Not used

39 Not used Not used

40 No warning Warning

41 Not at reference At reference

42 Hand mode Auto mode

43 Out of frequency range In frequency range

44 Stopped Running

45 Not used Not used

46 No voltage warning Voltage exceeds

47 Not in current limit Current limit

48 Thermal level is OK Thermal level exceeds

Table 7.17 Frequency Converter Status Word (FC Prole)

Frequency converter ready

7 7

Table 7.16 Frequency Converter Control Word (FC Prole)

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Bus

address

0 1 40001 Reserved –

1 2 40002 Reserved –

2 3 40003 Reserved –

3 4 40004 Free – –

4 5 40005 Free – –

5 6 40006 Modbus conguration Read/Write

6 7 40007 Last fault code Read only

7 8 40008 Last error register Read only

8 9 40009 Index pointer Read/Write

9 10 40010 Parameter 0-01 Language

19 20 40020 Free – –

29 30 40030

Bus

PLC

Content Access Description

Reserved for legacy frequency converters VLT® 5000 and

VLT® 2800.

Reserved for legacy frequency converters VLT® 5000 and

VLT® 2800.

Reserved for legacy frequency converters VLT® 5000 and

VLT® 2800.

TCP only. Reserved for Modbus TCP

(parameter 12-28 Store Data Values and

parameter 12-29 Store Always - stored in, for example,

EEPROM).

Fault code received from parameter database, refer to

WHAT 38295 for details.

Address of register with which last error occurred, refer

to WHAT 38296 for details.

Subindex of parameter to be accessed. Refer to WHAT

38297 for details.

Parameter 0-03 Regional

Settings

Dependent on

parameter

access

Dependent on

parameter

access

Parameter 0-01 Language (Modbus register = 10

parameter number)

20 bytes space reserved for parameter in Modbus map.

Parameter 0-03 Regional Settings

20 bytes space reserved for parameter in Modbus map.

Table 7.18 Address/Registers

1) Value written in the Modbus RTU telegram must be 1 or less than the register number. For example, Read Modbus Register 1 by writing value 0

in the telegram.

7.8.9 Access via PCD write/read

The PCD read list is data sent from the frequency converter to the controller like status word, main actual value, and

The advantage of using the PCD write/read conguration is that the controller can write or read more data in 1

application dependent data like running hours, motor current, and alarm word.

telegram. Up to 63 registers can be read or written to via the function code read holding register or write multiple registers in 1 telegram. The structure is also exible so that only 2 registers can be written to and 10 registers can be

NOTICE

The status word and main actual value is always sent in the list from the frequency converter to the controller.

read from the controller.

The PCD write list is data sent from the controller to the frequency converter, the data includes control word, reference, and application dependent data like minimum reference and ramp times, and so on.

NOTICE

The control word and reference is always sent in the list from the controller to the frequency converter.

The PCD write list is set up in parameter 8-42 PCD Write Conguration.

CTW

Holding Register

2810

Write

Master Frequency Converter

Read

Frequency Converter Master

Controlled by Parameter

Holding Register

Controlled by Parameter

8-42 [0]

REF

2811

8-42 [1]

2812

8-42 [2]

PCD 2

write

2813

8-42 [3]

PCD 3

write

2814

8-42 [4]

PCD 4

write

2815

8-42 [5]

PCD 5

write

...

write

2873

8-42 [63]

PCD 63

write

STW

2910

8-43 [0]

MAV

2911

8-43 [1]

2912

8-43 [2]

PCD 2

read

2913

8-43 [3]

PCD 3

read

2914

8-43 [4]

PCD 4

read

2915

8-43 [5]

PCD 5

read

...

read

2919

8-43 [63]

PCD 63

read

130BC048.10

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

7.8.11 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU

Modbus RTU supports use of the following function codes in the function eld of a telegram.

Function Function code (hex)

Read coils 1

Read holding registers 3

Write single coil 5

Write single register 6

Write multiple coils F

Write multiple registers 10

Get comm. event counter B

Report slave ID 11

Read write multiple registers 17

Illustration 7.14 Accessing via PCD write/read

NOTICE

The boxes marked in grey are not changeable, they are default values.

NOTICE

The 32 bit parameters must be mapped inside the 32 bit boundaries (PCD2 & PCD3 or PCD4 & PCD5, and so on.), where the parameter number is mapped twice to

parameter 8-42 PCD Write Conguration or parameter 8-43 PCD Read Conguration.

7.8.10 How to Control the Frequency Converter

This section describes codes which can be used in the function and data elds of a Modbus RTU telegram.

Table 7.19 Function Codes

Function

code

Subfunction

code

Subfunction

1 Restart communication.

Return diagnostic

Clear counters and

diagnostic register.

Return bus message

count.

Return bus communi-

cation error count.

Diagnostics 8

13 Return slave error count.

Return slave message

count.

Table 7.20 Function Codes

7.8.12 Modbus Exception Codes

For a full explanation of the structure of an exception code response, refer to chapter 7.8.5 Function Field.

7 7

Code Name Meaning

The function code received in the query is

not an allowable action for the server (or

slave). This may be because the function

code is only applicable to newer devices

Illegal

function

and was not implemented in the unit

selected. It could also indicate that the

server (or slave) is in the wrong state to

process a request of this type, for example

because it is not congured and is being

asked to return register values.

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Code Name Meaning

The data address received in the query is

not an allowable address for the server (or

slave). More specically, the combination

Illegal data

address

Illegal data

value

Slave device

Table 7.21 Modbus Exception Codes

7.9

failure

How to Access Parameters

of reference number and transfer length is

invalid. For a controller with 100 registers,

a request with oset 96 and length 4

succeeds, while a request with oset 96

and length 5 generates exception 02.

A value contained in the query data eld

is not an allowable value for server (or

slave). This indicates a fault in the

structure of the remainder of a complex

request, such as that the implied length is

incorrect. It does NOT mean that a data

item submitted for storage in a register

has a value outside the expectation of the

application program, since the Modbus

protocol is unaware of the signicance of

any value of any register.

An unrecoverable error occurred while the

server (or slave) was attempting to

perform the requested action.

7.9.3 IND (Index)

Some parameters in the frequency converter are array parameters, for example parameter 3-10 Preset Reference. Since the Modbus does not support arrays in the holding registers, the frequency converter has reserved the holding register 9 as pointer to the array. Before reading or writing an array parameter, set the holding register 9. Setting holding register to the value of 2 causes all following read/ write to array parameters to be to the index 2.

7.9.4 Text Blocks

Parameters stored as text strings are accessed in the same way as the other parameters. The maximum text block size is 20 characters. If a read request for a parameter is for more characters than the parameter stores, the response is truncated. If the read request for a parameter is for fewer characters than the parameter stores, the response is space

lled.

7.9.5 Conversion Factor

A parameter value can only be transferred as a whole number. To transfer decimals, use a conversion factor.

7.9.6 Parameter Values

7.9.1 Parameter Handling

The PNU (parameter number) is translated from the register address contained in the Modbus read or write message. The parameter number is translated to Modbus as (10 x parameter number) decimal. Example: Reading parameter 3-12 Catch up/slow Down Value (16 bit): The holding register 3120 holds the parameters value. A value of 1352 (decimal) means that the parameter is set to

12.52%.

Reading parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference (32 bit): The holding registers 3410 and 3411 hold the parameters values. A value of 11300 (decimal), means that the parameter is set to 1113.00.

For information on the parameters, size, and conversion index, see chapter 6 Programming.

Standard data types

Standard data types are int 16, int 32, uint 8, uint 16, and uint 32. They are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using function 03 hex read holding registers. Parameters are written using the function 6 hex preset single register for 1 register (16 bits), and the function 10 hex preset multiple registers for 2 registers (32 bits). Readable sizes range from 1 register (16 bits) up to 10 registers (20 characters).

Non-standard data types

Non-standard data types are text strings and are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using function 03 hex read holding registers and written using function 10 hex preset multiple registers. Readable sizes range from 1 register (2 characters) up to 10 registers (20 characters).

Examples

7.10

7.9.2 Storage of Data

The coil 65 decimal determines whether data written to the frequency converter is stored in EEPROM and RAM (coil 65 = 1), or only in RAM (coil 65 = 0).

The following examples show various Modbus RTU commands.

7.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex)

Description

This function reads the ON/OFF status of discrete outputs (coils) in the frequency converter. Broadcast is never supported for reads.

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Query

The query telegram species the starting coil and quantity of coils to be read. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 33 is addressed as 32.

Example of a request to read coils 33–48 (status word) from slave device 01.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01 (frequency converter address)

Function 01 (read coils)

Starting address HI 00

Starting address LO 20 (32 decimals) coil 33

Number of points HI 00

Number of points LO 10 (16 decimals)

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.22 Query

Response

The coil status in the response telegram is packed as 1 coil per bit of the data

eld. Status is indicated as: 1 = ON; 0 = OFF. The lsb of the rst data byte contains the coil addressed in the query. The other coils follow toward the high-order end of this byte, and from low order to high order in subsequent bytes. If the returned coil quantity is not a multiple of 8, the remaining bits in the nal data byte are padded with values 0 (toward the high-order end of the byte). The byte count eld species the number of complete bytes of data.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01 (frequency converter address)

Function 01 (read coils)

Byte count 02 (2 bytes of data)

Data (coils 40–33) 07

Data (coils 48–41) 06 (STW = 0607hex)

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.23 Response

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01 (Frequency converter address)

Function 05 (write single coil)

Coil address HI 00

Coil address LO 40 (64 decimal) Coil 65

Force data HI FF

Force data LO 00 (FF 00 = ON)

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.24 Query

Response

The normal response is an echo of the query, returned after the coil state has been forced.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 05

Force data HI FF

Force data LO 00

Quantity of coils HI 00

Quantity of coils LO 01

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.25 Response

7.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex)

Description

This function forces each coil in a sequence of coils to either on or o. When broadcasting, the function forces the same coil references in all attached slaves.

Query

The query telegram species the coils 17–32 (speed setpoint) to be forced.

NOTICE

Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 17 is addressed as

16.

7 7

NOTICE

Coils and registers are addressed explicitly with an oset of -1 in Modbus.

For example, coil 33 is addressed as coil 32.

7.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex)

Description

This function forces the coil to either ON or OFF. When broadcast, the function forces the same coil references in all attached slaves.

Query

The query telegram species the coil 65 (parameter write control) to be forced. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 65 is addressed as 64. Force data = 00 00 hex (OFF) or FF

Slave address 01 (frequency converter address)

Function 0F (write multiple coils)

Coil address HI 00

Coil address LO 10 (coil address 17)

Quantity of coils HI 00

Quantity of coils LO 10 (16 coils)

Byte count 02

Force data HI

(Coils 8–1)

Force data LO

(Coils 16–9)

Error check (CRC) –

Field name Example (hex)

00 (reference = 2000 hex)

Table 7.26 Query

00 hex (ON).

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VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

Response

The normal response returns the slave address, function code, starting address, and quantity of coils forced.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01 (frequency converter address)

Function 0F (write multiple coils)

Coil address HI 00

Coil address LO 10 (coil address 17)

Quantity of coils HI 00

Quantity of coils LO 10 (16 coils)

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.27 Response

7.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex)

Description

This function reads the contents of holding registers in the slave.

Slave address 01

Function 03

Byte count 04

Data HI (register 3030) 00

Data LO (register 3030) 16

Data HI (register 3031) E3

Data LO (register 3031) 60

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.29 Response

7.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex)

Description

This function presets a value into a single holding register.

Query

The query telegram species the register reference to be preset. Register addresses start at 0, that is, register 1 is

Field name Example (hex)

addressed as 0.

Query

The query telegram species the starting register and quantity of registers to be read. Register addresses start at 0, that is, registers 1–4 are addressed as 0–3.

Example: Read parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, register

03030.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 03 (Read holding registers)

Starting address HI 0B (Register address 3029)

Starting address LO D5 (Register address 3029)

Number of points HI 00

02 – (parameter 3-03 Maximum

Number of points LO

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.28 Query

Reference is 32 bits long, that is, 2

registers)

Response

The register data in the response telegram is packed as 2 bytes per register, with the binary contents right justied within each byte. For each register, the 1st byte contains the high-order bits, and the 2nd contains the low-order bits.

Example: hex 000088B8 = 35.000 = 35 Hz.

Example: Write to parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode, register 1000.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 06

Preset data HI 00

Preset data LO 01

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.30 Query

Response

The normal response is an echo of the query, returned after the register contents have been passed.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 06

Preset data HI 00

Preset data LO 01

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.31 Response

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7.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex)

Description

This function presets values into a sequence of holding registers.

Query

The query telegram species the register references to be preset. Register addresses start at 0, that is, register 1 is addressed as 0. Example of a request to preset 2 registers (set parameter 1-24 Motor Current to 738 (7.38 A)):

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 10

Starting address HI 04

Starting address LO 07

Number of registers HI 00

Number of registers LO 02

Byte count 04

Write data HI (Register 4: 1049) 00

Write data LO (Register 4: 1049) 00

Write data HI (Register 4: 1050) 02

Write data LO (Register 4: 1050) E2

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.32 Query

Response

The normal response returns the slave address, function code, starting address, and quantity of registers preset.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 10

Starting address HI 04

Starting address LO 19

Number of registers HI 00

Number of registers LO 02

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.33 Response

7.10.7 Read/Write Multiple Registers (17 hex)

Description

This function code performs a combination of 1 read operation and 1 write operation in a single MODBUS transaction. The write operation is performed before read.

Query

The query message species the starting address and number of holding registers to be read as well as the starting address, number of holding registers, and the data to be written. Holding registers are addressed starting at zero. Example of a request to set parameter 1-24 Motor

Current to 738 (7.38 A) and read parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference which has value 50000 (50,000 Hz):

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 17

Reading starting address HI 0B (Register address 3029)

Read starting address LO D5 (Register address 3029)

Quantity to read HI 00

Quantity to read LO

Write starting address HI 04 (Register address 1239)

Write starting address LO D7 (Register address 1239)

Quantity to write HI 00

Quantity to write LO 02

Write byte count 04

Write registers value HI 00

Write registers value LO 00

Write registers value HI 02

Write registers value LO 0E

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.34 Query

Response

The normal response contains the data from the group of registers that were read. The byte count eld species the quantity of bytes to follow in the read data eld.

(Parameter 3-03 Maximum

Reference is 32 bits long, that is,

2 registers)

7 7

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 17

Byte count 04

Read registers value HI 00

Read registers value LO 00

Read registers value HI C3

Read registers value LO 50

Error check (CRC) –

Table 7.35 Response

Speed ref.CTW

Master-follower

130BA274.11

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Bit no.:

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VLT® HVAC Basic Drive FC 101

7.11 Danfoss FC Control Prole

7.11.1 Control Word According to FC Prole

Illustration 7.15 Control Word According to FC Prole

Bit Bit value = 0 Bit value = 1

00 Reference value External selection lsb

01 Reference value External selection msb

02 DC brake Ramp

03 Coasting No coasting

04 Quick stop Ramp

06 Ramp stop Start

07 No function Reset

08 No function Jog

09 Ramp 1 Ramp 2

10 Data invalid Data valid

11 Relay 01 open Relay 01 active

12 Relay 02 open Relay 02 active

13 Parameter set-up Selection lsb

15 No function Reverse

Table 7.36 Control Word According to FC Prole

Explanation of the control bits Bits 00/01

Bits 00 and 01 are used to select among the 4 reference values, which are preprogrammed in parameter 3-10 Preset Reference according to Table 7.37.

Programmed

Table 7.37 Control Bits

NOTICE

In parameter 8-56 Preset Reference Select, dene how bit 00/01 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs.

(8-10 Protocol = FC Prole)

Hold output

frequency

reference

value

1 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [0] 0 0

2 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [1] 0 1

3 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [2] 1 0

4 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [3] 1 1

Use ramp

Parameter

Bit01Bit

Bit 02, DC brake

Bit 02 = 0: Leads to DC braking and stop. Set braking current and duration in parameter 2-01 DC Brake Current and parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time. Bit 02 = 1: Leads to ramping.

Bit 03, Coasting

Bit 03 = 0: The frequency converter immediately releases the motor (the output transistors are shut o), and it coasts to a standstill. Bit 03 = 1: If the other starting conditions are met, the frequency converter starts the motor.

In parameter 8-50 Coasting Select, dene how bit 03 gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.

Bit 04, Quick stop

Bit 04 = 0: Makes the motor speed ramp down to stop (set in parameter 3-81 Quick Stop Ramp Time).

Bit 05, Hold output frequency

Bit 05 = 0: The present output frequency (in Hz) freezes. Change the frozen output frequency only with the digital inputs programmed to [21] Speed up and [22] Speed down (parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input to parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input).

NOTICE

If freeze output is active, the frequency converter can only be stopped in 1 of the following ways:

Bit 03 coast stop.

•

Bit 02 DC brake.

•

Digital input programmed to [5] DC brake

•

inverse, [2] Coast inverse, or [3] Coast and reset inv (parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input to parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input).

Bit 06, Ramp stop/start

Bit 06 = 0: Causes a stop and makes the motor speed ramp down to stop via the selected ramp-down parameter. Bit 06 = 1: If the other starting conditions are met, bit 06 allows the frequency converter to start the motor.

In parameter 8-53 Start Select, dene how bit 06 ramp stop/ start gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.

Bit 07, Reset

Bit 07 = 0: No reset. Bit 07 = 1: Resets a trip. Reset is activated on the leading signal edge, that is, when changing from logic 0 to logic 1.

Bit 08, Jog

Bit 08 = 1: Parameter 3-11 Jog Speed [Hz] determines the output frequency.

Bit 09, Selection of ramp 1/2

Bit 09 = 0: Ramp 1 is active (parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time to parameter 3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp Down Time).

Bit 09 = 1: Ramp 2 (parameter 3-51 Ramp 2 Ramp Up Time to parameter 3-52 Ramp 2 Ramp Down Time) is active.

Danfoss FC 101 Design guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

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