Danfoss A230, B230 Operating guide

OperatingGuide

ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeys
A230andB230

1.0TableofContents

1.0TableofContents...............................................1

1.1Importantsafetyandproductinformation.....................2

2.0Installation........................................................9

2.1Beforeyoustart.....................................................9

2.2Identifyingthesystemtype......................................17

2.3Mounting...........................................................18

2.4Placingthetemperaturesensors................................22

2.5Electricalconnections.............................................24

2.6InsertingtheECLApplicationKey..............................35

2.7Checklist............................................................42

2.8Navigation,ECLApplicationKeyA230/B230................43

3.0Dailyuse.........................................................70

3.1Howtonavigate...................................................70

3.2Understandingthecontrollerdisplay..........................71

3.3Ageneraloverview:Whatdothesymbolsmean?...........74

3.4Monitoringtemperaturesandsystem

components........................................................75

3.5Influenceoverview................................................76

3.6Manualcontrol.....................................................77

3.7Schedule............................................................78

4.0Settingsoverview............................................79

5.0Settings...........................................................82

5.1IntroductiontoSettings..........................................82

5.2Flowtemperature..................................................83

5.3Roomlimit..........................................................88

5.4Returnlimit.........................................................91

5.5Flow/powerlimit.................................................97

5.6Windinfluence...................................................102

5.7Optimization......................................................104

5.8Controlparameters..............................................110

5.9Compensation1.................................................116

5.10Compensation2.................................................118

5.11Application.......................................................120

5.12Heatcut-out......................................................129

5.13Alarm..............................................................132

5.14Alarmoverview..................................................138

5.15Twocirculationpumpsinsequence..........................139

6.0Commoncontrollersettings............................140

6.1Introductionto‘Commoncontrollersettings’..............140

6.2Time&Date.......................................................141

6.3Holiday............................................................142

6.4Inputoverview...................................................144

6.5Log.................................................................145

6.6Outputoverride..................................................146

6.7Keyfunctions.....................................................147

6.8System.............................................................149

7.0Miscellaneous................................................156

7.1ECA30/31setupprocedures.................................156

7.2Overridefunction................................................164

7.3Severalcontrollersinthesamesystem......................167

7.4Frequentlyaskedquestions....................................170

7.5Definitions........................................................174

7.6Type(ID6001),overview.......................................178

7.7Automatic/manualupdateoffirmware.....................179

7.8ParameterIDoverview..........................................180

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

1.1Importantsafetyandproductinformation

1.1.1Importantsafetyandproductinformation

ThisOperatingGuideisassociatedwith:

•ECLApplicationKeyA230

(ordercodeno.087H3802)forECLComfort210/296/310

•ECLApplicationKeyB230

(ordercodeno.087H3902)forECLComfort311

TheECLApplicationKeysA230andB230contain5subtypes:

•A230.1:Temperaturecontrolinheatinginstallations.Optional
compensationfromwind.Electronicbypassfunction.

•A230.2:Temperaturecontrolincoolinginstallations.Optional
externalsignal(0-10V)forflowtemperaturesetpoint.

•A230.3:Temperaturecontrolinheatinginstallations.
Compensationforhighrelativehumidity.Optional
compensationfromwind.

•A230.4:Temperaturecontrolinheatinginstallations.Pressure
measurementbyS8or,alternatively,useS8asexternalsignal(0

-10V)fortemperaturesetpoint.Electronicbypassfunction.

•A230.5:Temperaturecontrolinheatinginstallations.Flow
temperature-basedcontrolofcirculationpump.Alarminput.
PressuremeasurementbyS8or,alternatively,useS8asexternal
signal(0-10V)forflowtemperaturesetpoint.

TheA230/B230applicationkeyalsocontainsaFloor(Screed)
DryingProgramforthesubtypesA230.1,A230.3,A230.4and
A230.5.Seeseparatedocumentation.(InEnglishandGerman
languageonly).

Electronicbypassfunction(A230.1andA230.4)isusedtoensure
sufficientsupplytemperaturefromtheDistrictHeatingUtilityfor
heatingaself-actingDHWcircuit(DomesticHotWater).

Temperatures,measuredbyheat-meterviaM-Bus

ThesubtypesA230.1,A230.3andA230.5can,whenusedinECL296
/310/311,utilizetheflowandreturntemperaturesensorvaluesof
theheat-meter.Thevalueforflowtemperatureisusedinsteadof
S4(supplytemperature);thevalueforreturntemperatureisused
insteadofS5(returntemperature).

SeetheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey)for
applicationexamplesandelectricalconnections.

Theapplicationdiagramsshowmandatorytemperaturesensors
withanunderscore;exampleS3

.

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A230

Thedescribedfunctionsarerealizedin:

•ECLComfort210forbasicsolutions

•ECLComfort296forbasicsolutions,inclusiveM-bus,Modbus
andEthernet(Internet)communication

•ECLComfort310foradvancedsolutions,inclusiveM-bus,
ModbusandEthernet(Internet)communication.Theextension
moduleECA32canbeused,viaa0-10Voltoutput,to
controlamodulatedactuator,forexampleDanfosstypesAME.
Furthermore,theextensionmoduleECA32canbeusedfor
extendingthenumbersofinputsformonitoringviatheECL
Portal.EachinputcanbeconfiguredasPt1000,0-10Voltor
digital.

TheApplicationKeyA230complieswithECLComfort210/310
controllersasoffirmwareversion1.11.
TheApplicationKeyA230compliesalsowithECLComfort296
controllersasoffirmwareversion1.58.
Thefirmware(controllersoftware)versionisvisibleatstart-upof
thecontrollerandin‘Commoncontrollersettings’in‘System’ .

UptotwoRemoteControlUnits,ECA30orECA31,canbe
connectedforremotemonitoringandsetting.Thebuilt-inroom
temperaturesensorcanbeutilized.

ECLPortal,Internetbasedconnection,allowsECL296,310and
310Btobemonitoredandcontrolledremotelyviastandard
Internetbrowsers(forexampleInternetExplorer,MicrosoftEdge,
GoogleChromeandSafari).

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

TogetherwiththeECLComfort310,theadditionalInternalI/O
moduleECA32(ordercodeno.087H3202)canbeusedforextra
datacommunicationtoSCADA:

•Temperature,Pt1000(default)

•0-10voltsignals

•Digitalinput

Theset-upofinputtypecanbedonebymeansoftheDanfoss
Software"ECLTool".
Navigation:Danfoss.com>Serviceandsupport>Downloads>
Tools>Heating>ECLTool.
TheURLis:

https://www.danfoss.com/en/service-and-support/downloads/

TheInternalI/OmoduleECA32isplacedinthebasepartforECL
Comfort310.

ECLComfort210isavailableas:

•ECLComfort210,230volta.c.(087H3020)

•ECLComfort210B,230volta.c.(087H3030)

ECLComfort296isavailableas:

•ECLComfort296,230volta.c.(087H3000)

ECLComfort310isavailableas:

•ECLComfort310,230volta.c.(087H3040)

•ECLComfort310B,230volta.c.(087H3050)

•ECLComfort310,24volta.c.(087H3044)

TheB-typeshavenodisplayanddial.TheB-typesareoperatedby
meansoftheRemoteControlunitECA30/31:

•ECA30(087H3200)

•ECA31(087H3201)

BasepartsforECLComfort:

•forECLComfort210,230volt(087H3220)

•forECLComfort296,230volt(087H3240)

•forECLComfort310,230voltand24volt(087H3230)

AdditionaldocumentationforECLComfort210,296and310,
modulesandaccessoriesisavailableonhttp://danfoss.com/or
http://store.danfoss.com.

DocumentationforECLPortal:Seehttp://ecl.portal.danfoss.com.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

B230

Thedescribedfunctionsarerealizedin:

•ECLComfort311formultiplesolutions,inclusiveM-bus,
ModbusandEthernet(Internet)communication.Theextension
moduleECA32canbeused,viaa0-10Voltoutput,tocontrola
modulatedactuator,forexampleDanfosstypesAME.

Furthermore,theextensionmoduleECA32canbeusedfor
extendingthenumbersofinputsformonitoringviatheECL
Portal.EachinputcanbeconfiguredasPt1000,0-10Voltor
digital.

TheApplicationKeyB230complieswithECLComfort311
controllersasoffirmwareversion11.01.

Thefirmware(controllersoftware)versionisvisibleatstart-upof
thecontrollerandin‘Commoncontrollersettings’in‘System’ .
ECLPortal,Internetbasedconnection,allowsECL311tobe
monitoredandcontrolledremotelyviastandardInternetbrowsers
(forexampleInternetExplorer,GoogleChromeandSafari).

TogetherwiththeECLComfort311,theadditionalInternalI/O
moduleECA32(ordercodeno.087H3202)canbeusedforextra
datacommunicationtoSCADA:

•Temperature,Pt1000(default)

•0-10Voltsignals

•Digitalinput

Theset-upofinputtypecanbedonebymeansoftheDanfoss
Software"ECLTool".Navigation:Danfoss.com>Serviceand
support>Downloads>Tools>Heating>ECLTool.TheURLis:
https://www.danfoss.com/en/service-and-support/downloads/
TheInternalI/OmoduleECA32isplacedinthebasepartforECL
Comfort311.

ECLComfort311isavailableas:

•ECLComfort311,230Volta.c.(087H3041)

ECLComfort311cannotbeoperatedbymeansoftheRemote
ControlunitECA30/31.

AdditionaldocumentationforECLComfort210,296,310and
311,modulesandaccessoriesisavailableonhttp://danfoss.com/
orhttp://store.danfoss.com.DocumentationforECLPortal:See
http://ecl.portal.danfoss.com.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

SafetyNote

Toavoidinjuryofpersonsanddamagestothedevice,itisabsolutely
necessarytoreadandobservetheseinstructionscarefully.

Necessaryassembly,start-up,andmaintenanceworkmustbe
performedbyqualifiedandauthorizedpersonnelonly.

Locallegislationsmustberespected.Thiscomprisesalsocable
dimensionsandtypeofisolation(doubleisolatedat230V).

AfusefortheECLComfortinstallationismax.10Atypically.

TheambienttemperaturerangesforECLComfortinoperationare:
ECLComfort210/310/311:0-55°C
ECLComfort296:0-45°C.
Exceedingthetemperaturerangecanresultinmalfunctions.

Installationmustbeavoidedifthereisariskforcondensation(dew).

Thewarningsignisusedtoemphasizespecialconditionsthatshould
betakenintoconsideration.

Thissymbolindicatesthatthisparticularpieceofinformationshould
bereadwithspecialattention.

Applicationkeysmightbereleasedbeforealldisplaytextsare
translated.InthiscasethetextisinEnglish.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Automaticupdateofcontrollersoftware(firmware):

Thesoftwareofthecontrollerisupdatedautomaticallywhenthekey
isinserted:

•ECL210/310,asofcontrollerversion1.11

•ECL296,asofcontrollerversion1.58

•ECL311,asofcontrollerversion11.01

Thefollowinganimationwillbeshownwhenthesoftwareisbeing
updated:

Progressbar

Duringupdate:

•DonotremovetheKEY

•Donotdisconnectthepower

•Manualupdateofcontrollersoftware(firmware):

Ifthekeyisremovedbeforethehour-glassisshown,youhave
tostartafresh.

Ifthepowerisinterruptedwhenthehour-glassisshown,the
controllerwillnotwork.

Seethesection"Automatic/manualupdateoffirmware"

AsthisOperatingGuidecoversseveralsystemtypes,specialsystem
settingswillbemarkedwithasystemtype.Allsystemtypesareshown
inthechapter:'Identifyingyoursystemtype'.

°C(degreesCelsius)isameasuredtemperaturevaluewhereasK
(Kelvin)oftenisusedfortemperaturedifferences.

TheIDno.isuniquefortheselectedparameter.

ExampleFirstdigitSeconddigitLastthreedigits

1117411174

-

12174

IfanIDdescriptionismentionedmorethanonce,itmeansthatthere
arespecialsettingsforoneormoresystemtypes.Itwillbemarked
withthesystemtypeinquestion(e.g.12174-A266.9).

1

-

Circuit1Parameterno.

2

Circuit2Parameterno.

174

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

ParametersindicatedwithanIDno.like"1x607"meanauniversal
parameter.

xstandsforcircuit/parametergroup.

DisposalNote

Thissymbolontheproductindicatesthatitmaynot
bedisposedofashouseholdwaste.

Itmustbehandedovertotheapplicabletake-back
schemefortherecyclingofelectricalandelectronic
equipment.

•Disposeoftheproductthroughchannelsprovided
forthispurpose.

•Complywithalllocalandcurrentlyapplicablelaws
andregulations.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

2.0Installation

2.1Beforeyoustart

ThesubtypesinA230/B230areveryflexible.Thesearethebasic
principles:

Heating(applicationA230.1):

Typically,theflowtemperatureisadjustedaccordingtoyour
requirements.TheflowtemperaturesensorS3isthemost
importantsensor.ThedesiredflowtemperatureatS3iscalculated
intheECLcontroller,basedontheoutdoortemperature(S1)and
thedesiredroomtemperature.
Thelowertheoutdoortemperature,thehigherthedesiredflow
temperature.

Bymeansofaweekschedule,theheatingcircuitcanbein
‘Comfort’or‘Saving’mode.Theweekschedulecanhaveupto3
‘Comfort’periods/day.Avalueforthedesiredroomtemperature
canbesetineachofthemodes.
InSavingmodetheheatingcanbereducedorswitchedofftotally.

ThemotorizedcontrolvalveM1isopenedgraduallywhenthe
flowtemperatureislowerthanthedesiredflowtemperatureand
viceversa.

ThereturntemperatureS5tothedistrictheatingsupplyshouldnot
betoohigh.Ifso,thedesiredflowtemperaturecanbeadjusted
(typicallytoalowervalue),thusresultinginagradualclosingofthe
motorizedcontrolvalve.

Inboiler-basedheatingsupplythereturntemperatureshouldnot
betoolow(sameadjustmentprocedureasabove).

Furthermore,thereturntemperaturelimitationcanbedependent
oftheoutdoortemperature.Typically,thelowertheoutdoor
temperature,thehighertheacceptedreturntemperature.

Ifthemeasuredroomtemperature(directlyconnectedtemperature
sensorESM-10(S2)orRemotecontrolunitECA30/31)doesnot
equalthedesiredroomtemperature,thedesiredflowtemperature
canbeadjusted.

Thecirculationpump,P1,isONatheatdemandoratfrost
protection.

TheheatingcanbeswitchedOFFwhentheoutdoortemperatureis
higherthanaselectablevalue.

Aconnectedfloworenergymeterbasedonpulses(S7)canlimit
thefloworenergytoasetmaximumvalue.Furthermore,the
limitationcanbeinrelationtotheoutdoortemperature.Typically,
thelowertheoutdoortemperature,thehighertheacceptedflow/
power.WhenthissubtypeisusedinanECLComfort296/310/311
theflow/energysignalcanalternativelycomeasanM-bussignal.

Thefrostprotectionmodemaintainsaselectableflowtemperature,
forexample10°C.

TypicalA230.1application:

Theshowndiagramisafundamentalandsimplifiedexampleanddoes
notcontainallcomponentsthatarenecessaryinasystem.

AllnamedcomponentsareconnectedtotheECLComfortcontroller.

Listofcomponents:

ECL210/296/
310/311

S1

S2

S3

S4

ElectroniccontrollerECLComfort210,296/310
/311

Outdoortemperaturesensor

(Optional)Roomtemperaturesensor/ECA30

(Mandatory)Flowtemperaturesensor

(Optional)Supplyflowtemperaturesensor
(read-outonly)

S5

S7

S8

P1

P2

M1

(Optional)Returntemperaturesensor

(Optional)Flow/energymeter(pulsesignal)

(Optional)Windspeedsignal(0-10V)

Circulationpump

(notillustrated)RelayoutputforSchedule2

Motorizedcontrolvalve,3-pointcontrolled
Alternative1:Controlvalve,thermo-actuator
controlled(DanfosstypeABV)
Alternative2(ECL310/311withECA32):Motorized
controlvalve,0-10Voltcontrolled

A1

TheA230.1applicationcanutilizeaconnectedflow/energymeter
tolimittheflow/power.

Alarm

Tocompensatefortheinfluenceofwind,awindspeedsensorcan
beconnected.Basedonthewindspeedsensorsignal(0-10V),the
controllercanbesettoincreasethedesiredflowtemperaturein
relationtoincreasedwindspeed.

Unusedinputs(fromS7andup)can,bymeansofanoverride
switchorrelaycontact,beusedforoverridingthescheduletoa
fixed'Comfort','Saving','Frostprotection'or'Constanttemperature'
mode.

Analarmcanbeactivatediftheactualflowtemperaturediffers
fromthedesiredflowtemperature.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Cooling(applicationA230.2):

Typically,theflowtemperatureisadjustedaccordingtoyour
requirements.TheflowtemperaturesensorS3isthemost
importantsensor.ThedesiredflowtemperatureatS3issetinthe
ECLcontroller.Furthermore,theoutdoortemperature(S1)can
influencethedesiredflowtemperature.Thehighertheoutdoor
temperature,thelowerthedesiredflowtemperature.

Bymeansoftheweekschedule,thecoolingcircuitcanbein
‘Comfort’or‘Saving’mode(twovaluesforthedesiredflow
temperature).
Theweekschedulealsocontrolstwovalues(‘Comfort’and
‘Saving’)forthedesiredroomtemperature.Ifthemeasuredroom
temperaturedoesnotequalthedesiredroomtemperature,the
desiredflowtemperaturecanbeadjusted.

ThemotorizedcontrolvalveM1isopenedgraduallywhenthe
flowtemperatureishigherthanthedesiredflowtemperatureand
viceversa.

ThereturntemperatureS5tothecoolingsupplyshouldnotbetoo
low.Ifso,thedesiredflowtemperaturecanbeadjusted(typicallyto
ahighervalue),thusresultinginagradualclosingofthemotorized
controlvalve.

Thecirculationpump,P1,isONatcoolingdemand.

Anexternalsignalforthedesiredflowtemperaturecanbeapplied
asa0–10voltsignaltotheterminalsforS8.

Aconnectedfloworenergymeterbasedonpulses(S7)canlimit
thefloworenergytoasetmaximumvalue.
WhentheA230.2isusedinanECLComfort296/310/311theflow
/energysignalcanalternativelycomeasanM-bussignal.

Thestandbymodemaintainsaselectableflowtemperature,for
example30°C.

Unusedinputs(fromS7andup)can,bymeansofanoverride
switchorrelaycontact,beusedforoverridingthescheduletoa
fixed'Comfort'or'Saving'mode.

ThetemperaturesS4andS6areusedformonitoringpurposesonly.

Theschedulein"Commoncontrollersettings"controlstherelays
2and3.Thiscanbeutilizedforshiftingbetweentwocirculation
pumps.
Seetheinstallationguide,appl.A230.2,ex.dandrelatedelectrical
connections.

TypicalA230.2application:

Theshowndiagramisafundamentalandsimplifiedexampleanddoes
notcontainallcomponentsthatarenecessaryinasystem.

AllnamedcomponentsareconnectedtotheECLComfortcontroller.

Listofcomponents:

ECL210/296

ElectroniccontrollerECLComfort210/296/310/311

/310/311
S1

S2

S3

S4

(Optional)Outdoortemperaturesensor

(Optional)Roomtemperaturesensor/ECA30

(Mandatory)Flowtemperaturesensor,cooling

(Optional)Supplyflowtemperaturesensor(read-out
only)

S5

S6

S7

(Optional)Returntemperaturesensor

(Optional)Returntemperaturesensor(read-outonly)

(Optional)Flow/energymeter(pulsesignal),not
illustrated

(S8)

(Optional)(Externalvoltage(0–10V)forexternal
settingofdesiredflowtemperature)

P1

P2/P3

M1

Circulationpump

Schedule2

Motorizedcontrolvalve,3-pointcontrolled
Alternative1:Controlvalve,thermo-actuator
controlled(DanfosstypeABV)
Alternative2(ECL310/311withECA32):Motorized
controlvalve,0-10Voltcontrolled

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TheA230.2applicationcanutilizeaconnectedflow/energymeter
tolimittheflow/power.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Heating(applicationA230.3):

ThissubtypeworkslikeA230.1,buttheflow-orenergylimitation,
basedonpulsesignalisnotimplemented.Ifflow-orenergy
limitationisneeded,theM-Busbasedsignalcanbeused(ECL
Comfort296,310or311).

Inaddition,A230.3canminimizetheriskofdew(condensation).

TheRH(RelativeHumidity)signalcanarrangeaminimumdesired
roomtemperatureforprotectionagainstdew(condensation).
Dewcanoccurwhenairwithhightemperatureandhumidity
comestocolderwalls,forexampleinchurches,castlesandother
thick-wallbuildings.

Theequation-

T.dew=(0.96xT.room)+(0.25xRH)-22.4

isusedforcalculationofthedewtemperature(T.dew).

T.roomisthemeasuredroomtemperature.RHistheRelative
Humidity,basedonmeasuredroomtemperatureandhumidity.

RoomtemperatureandRHcomeseitherfrom

•theRemoteControlUnitECA31

or

•aroomtemperaturesensorandanappliedRHsignal,0-10
Volt,toS7.

TherelationshipbetweenappliedvoltageandrelatedRHvalue
canbeset.

AnOffsetvalueforthecalculateddewtemperature(T.dew)canbe
addedforcompensationbetweenwallandroomtemperatures.

Favoritedisplay1canshowthefollowing:

TypicalA230.3application:

Theshowndiagramisafundamentalandsimplifiedexampleanddoes
notcontainallcomponentsthatarenecessaryinasystem.

AllnamedcomponentsareconnectedtotheECLComfortcontroller.

Listofcomponents:

ECL210/296

ElectroniccontrollerECLComfort210/296/310/311

/310/311
S1

S2

S3

S4

Outdoortemperaturesensor

(Optional)Roomtemperaturesensor/ECA31

(Mandatory)Flowtemperaturesensor

(Optional)Supplyflowtemperaturesensor(read-out
only)

S5

S7

S8

P1

P2

M1

(Optional)Returntemperaturesensor

(Optional)RHsignal(0-10V)

(Optional)Windspeedsignal(0-10V)

Circulationpump

(notillustrated)RelayoutputforSchedule2

Motorizedcontrolvalve,3-pointcontrolled
Alternative1:Controlvalve,thermo-actuator
controlled(DanfosstypeABV)
Alternative2(ECL310/311withECA32):Motorized
controlvalve,0-10Voltcontrolled

A1

Alarm

RHvalue:76.3%
Roomtemperature:20.9°C
Desiredroomtemperature:19.5°C
Minimumdesiredroomtemperature,inclusive6Koffset:22.7°C

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Heating(A230.4)

ThissubtypeworksassubtypeA230.1,butthewindinfluence
functionalityisnotimplemented.
Inaddition,A230.4canmonitorDHW(DomesticHotWater)
temperaturesS4andS6.

Anappliedvoltagesignal(0-10Volt)toS8canbeusedfor:

•pressuremeasuring.ThevoltageisconvertedintheECL
controllertoapressure,measuredinbar

or

•settingthedesiredflowtemperature.Thevoltageisconverted
intheECLcontrollertoatemperaturevalue.

TypicalA230.4application:

Theshowndiagramisafundamentalandsimplifiedexampleanddoes
notcontainallcomponentsthatarenecessaryinasystem.

AllnamedcomponentsareconnectedtotheECLComfortcontroller.

Listofcomponents:

ECL210/296

ElectroniccontrollerECLComfort210/296/310/311

/310/311
S1

S2

S3

S4

Outdoortemperaturesensor

(Optional)Roomtemperaturesensor/ECA30

(Mandatory)Flowtemperaturesensor

(Optional)DHWflowtemperaturesensor(read-out
only)

S5

S6

(Optional)Returntemperaturesensor

(Optional)DHWcirculationreturntemperature
sensor(read-outonly)

S7

S8

(Optional)Flow/energymeter(pulsesignal)

(Optional)0-10Voltsignalfrompressuresensor
Alternative:0-10Voltsignalforexternalsettingof
desiredflowtemperature

P1

M1

Circulationpump,heating

Motorizedcontrolvalve,3-pointcontrolled
Alternative1:Controlvalve,thermo-actuator
controlled(DanfosstypeABV)
Alternative2(ECL310/311withECA32):Motorized
controlvalve,0-10Voltcontrolled

A1

Alarm

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Heating(A230.5)

ThissubtypeworksassubtypeA230.1,butthewindinfluence
functionalityisnotimplemented.Inaddition,A230.5controlsthe
circulationpumpP1atheatdemandtobeswitchedOFFifthe
flowtemperatureS3islowerthanasetvalue(f.ex.28°C).The
circulationpumpwillbeswitchedONwhentheflowtemperature
S3getsaboveanothersetvalue(f.ex.32°C).Thisfunctionprevents
heatedwatertogobackinthedistrictheatingnetworkifthe
supplytemperatureistoolow.
Furthermore,thecontrolvalvepositioncanbedisplayed,basedon
avariableresistanceappliedtoinputS6.Seewiringdiagraminthe
InstallationGuide.InputS7actsasanalarminput.

Anappliedvoltagesignal(0-10Volt)toS8canbeusedfor:

•pressuremeasuring.ThevoltageisconvertedintheECL
controllertoapressure,measuredinbar

or

•settingthedesiredflowtemperature.Thevoltageisconverted
intheECLcontrollertoatemperaturevalue.

Specialinfo:

IfreturntemperaturesensorS5isnotconnected,thereturn
temperaturevaluecancomefromanM-Busconnectedheat-meter.
Thevaluewillnot*)beshowninthedisplayoftheECL,butdespite
ofthat,thevaluecanbeusedforreturntemperaturelimitation.
Furthermore,thereturntemperaturevaluefromtheM-Bus
connectedheat-meterisshowninECLPortal/LeanHeat®Monitor.

*)updatesoftheapplicationsubtypetoV02andupwillshowthe
returntemperaturevaluefromtheheat-meter.

SeetheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey)for
applicationexampleandelectricalconnections.

TypicalA230.5application:

Theshowndiagramisafundamentalandsimplifiedexampleanddoes
notcontainallcomponentsthatarenecessaryinasystem.

AllnamedcomponentsareconnectedtotheECLComfortcontroller.

Listofcomponents:

ECL210/296
/310/311

S1

S2

S3

S4

ElectroniccontrollerECLComfort210,296,310or
311

Outdoortemperaturesensor

(Optional)Roomtemperaturesensor/ECA30

(Mandatory)Flowtemperaturesensor

(Optional)Supplyflowtemperaturesensor.For
monitoringpurpose.S4-valuecan,ifsupply
temperaturesensorisnotconnected,comefroman
M-Busconnectedheat-meter.

S5

(Optional)Returntemperaturesensor.
S5-valuecan,ifreturntemperaturesensoris
notconnected,comefromanM-Busconnected
heat-meter.

S6

S7

S8

(Optional)M1'sposition

(Optional)Alarminput

(Optional)0-10Voltsignalfrompressuresensor
Alternative:0-10Voltsignalforexternalsettingof
desiredflowtemperature.

P1

P2

M1

Circulationpump

RelayoutputforSchedule2

Motorizedcontrolvalve,3-pointcontrolled.
Alternative1:Controlvalve,thermo-actuator
controlled(DanfosstypeABV).
Alternative2(ECL310/311withECA32):Motorized
controlvalve,0-10Voltcontrolled.

A1

M-Bus

Alarm

Heat-meterconnectedviaM-Bus

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

A230,ingeneral:

UptotwoRemoteControlUnits,ECA30/31,canbeconnectedto
oneECLcontrollertocontroltheECLcontrollerremotely.
SeveralECLcontrollers,internallyconnectedviaECL485bus,work
inMaster/Slaveconnection.InaMaster/Slavesystemmaximum
2ECA30/31canbepresent.

A230/B230,ingeneral:

Exerciseofcirculationpumpsandcontrolvalveinperiodswithout
heatingorcoolingdemandcanbearranged.
AdditionalECLComfortcontrollerscanbeconnectedviatheECL
485bustoutilizecommonoutdoortemperaturesignal,timeand
datesignals.
SeveralECLcontrollers,internallyconnectedviaECL485bus,work
inMaster/Slaveconnection.
Anunusedinputcan,bymeansofanoverrideswitch,beusedto
overridethescheduletoafixedmode:
PossibilitiesforA230.1,A230.3,A230.4andA230.5:
'Comfort','Saving','Frostprotection'or'Constanttemperature'
mode
PossibilitiesforA230.2:
'Comfort'or'Saving'mode

Heat-meters:

Upto5heat-meterscanbeconnectedtotheM-busterminals(ECL
296/310/311).
DatacanbetransferredtotheSCADAsystemviaModbusandTCP/
IPtotheECLPortal.

Temperatures,measuredbyheat-meter

ThesubtypesA230.1,A230.3andA230.5can,whenusedinECL296
/310/311,utilizetheheat-meter'sflowandreturntemperature
sensorvalues.Thevalueforflowtemperatureisusedinsteadof
S4(supplytemperature);thevalueforreturntemperatureisused
insteadofS5(returntemperature).
DirectlyconnectedtemperaturesensorsS4andS5havepriority
overthetemperaturevaluesfromtheheat-meter.
ThetemperaturevaluesforS4andS5,whencomingfromthe
heat-meter,willtypicallyappear10sec.afterpower-up.

Modbuscommunication(ECLComfort296/310/311)toaSCADA
systemcanbeestablished.
TheM-busdata(ECLComfort296/310/311)canfurthermorebe
transferredtotheModbuscommunication.

Alarm

A230.1,A230.3,A230.4andA230.5:
AlarmA1(=relay4)canbeactivatedif:

•theactualflowtemperaturediffersfromthedesiredflow
temperature.

•atemperaturesensororitsconnectiondisconnects/short
circuits.(See:Commoncontrollersettings>System>Raw
inputoverview).

A230.2:
Alarmrelay4isnotused,butatemperaturesensororits
connectionscanbemonitored.
(See:Commoncontrollersettings>System>Rawinputoverview).

A230.4andA230.5:
AlarmA1(=relay4)canbeactivatedif:

•theactualpressureisnotinsideanacceptablepressurerange

A230.5:
AlarmA1(=relay4)canbeactivatedif:

•thealarminputS7isactivated

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

A230/B230,ingeneral(continued):

Offsetadjustment

Ameasuredtemperaturecanbeoffsetadjusted,ifneeded.
(Navigation:MENU>Commoncontroller>System>Sensoroffset)

Inputconfiguration

Inputs(asfromS7andup)whicharenotpartoftheapplicationcan
beconfiguredtobePt1000,0-10Volt,frequency(pulsecounter)
orDigitalinput.ThisfeaturemakesitpossibleinECL296/310/
311tocommunicateextrasignals,suchastemperatures,pressures,
ON/OFFconditions,viaModbusandECLPortal.
TheconfigurationisdonebymeansoftheECLTool(freesoftware
fordownload)ordirectlyinadedicatedmenuintheECLPortalor
theconnectionforModbus(BMS/SCADA).

Applicationupload

Theapplicationuploadprocedureisthefollowingafterhaving
powereduptheECLComfortcontroller:

1.Inserttheapplicationkey

2.Selectlanguage

3.Selectsubtype(theInstallationGuideshowssubtypes)

4.SetTimeandDate

TheECLComfortcontrollerinstallstheapplication,initializesand
restarts.Outputrelaysareactivated/de-activated(click-sounds
fromthiscanbeheard).Thisalsomeansthat,forexample,
circulationpumpscanbeswitchedONandOFFshortly.

Commissioning

WhentheapplicationhasbeenuploadedtheECLComfort
controllerstartsinManualmode.Thiscanbeusedtoverifycorrect
connectionsoftemperature,pressureandflowsensors.Also
verifyingthecontrolledcomponents(valveactuators,pumpsetc.)
forcorrectfunctionalitycanbedone.

Theapplicationkeyisdeliveredwithfactorysettings.
Dependingonsystemtype,itmightbenecessarytochangesome
factorysettingsindividuallyinordertooptimizethefunctionality.

Theapplicationkeymustbeinsertedinordertochangesettings.

Power-down/power-up

WhenthepowersupplytotheECLComfortcontrolleris
disconnected(power-down),theoutputrelaysgotode-activated
position.
Thismeansthat,forexample,circulationpumpscanbeswitched
ON.
SeetheelectricalconnectiondiagramsintheInstallationGuide.
Allrelaycontactsareshowninde-activatedsituation.Somerelay
contactsareclosed,somerelaycontactsareopen.
WhenthepowersupplytotheECLComfortcontrolleris
re-established(power-up),theoutputrelaysareactivated/
de-activated(click-soundsfromthiscanbeheard).Thisalsomeans
that,forexample,circulationpumpscanbeswitchedONandOFF
shortly.

Important:

•Setthecorrectrunningtime"Mrun"oftheMotorizedControl
ValveM1.(Circuit1>MENU>Settings>Controlparameters
>Mrun).

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Thecontrollerispre-programmedwithfactorysettingsthatareshown
inthe‘ParameterIDoverview’appendix.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

2.2Identifyingthesystemtype

Sketchyourapplication

TheECLComfortcontrollerseriesisdesignedforawiderange
ofheating,domestichot-water(DHW)andcoolingsystemswith
differentconfigurationsandcapacities.Ifyoursystemdiffers
fromthediagramsshownhere,youmaywanttomakeasketch
ofthesystemabouttobeinstalled.Thismakesiteasiertouse
theOperatingGuide,whichwillguideyoustep-by-stepfrom
installationtofinaladjustmentsbeforetheend-usertakesover.

TheECLComfortcontrollerisauniversalcontrollerthatcanbe
usedforvarioussystems.Basedontheshownstandardsystems,
itispossibletoconfigureadditionalsystems.Inthischapteryou
findthemostfrequentlyusedsystems.Ifyoursystemisnotquite
asshownbelow,findthediagramwhichhasthebestresemblance
withyoursystemandmakeyourowncombinations.

SeetheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey)for
applicationtypes/sub-types.

Thecirculationpump(s)inheatingcircuit(s)canbeplacedintheflow
aswellasthereturn.Placethepumpaccordingtothemanufacturer’s
specification.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

2.3Mounting

2.3.1MountingtheECLComfortcontroller

SeetheInstallationGuidewhichisdeliveredtogetherwiththe
ECLComfortcontroller.

Foreasyaccess,youshouldmounttheECLComfortcontrollernear
thesystem.

ECLComfort210/296/310/311canbemounted

•onawall

•onaDINrail(35mm)

ECLComfort296canbemounted

•inapanelcut-out

ECLComfort210canbemountedinanECLComfort310basepart
(forfutureupgrade).

Screws,PGcableglandsandrawlplugsarenotsupplied.

LockingtheECLComfort210/310/311controller

InordertofastentheECLComfortcontrollertoitsbasepart,secure
thecontrollerwiththelockingpin.

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Topreventinjuriestopersonsorthecontroller,thecontrollerhasto
besecurelylockedintothebase.Forthispurpose,pressthelocking
pinintothebaseuntilaclickisheardandthecontrollernolonger
canberemovedfromthebase.

Ifthecontrollerisnotsecurelylockedintothebasepart,thereisarisk
thatthecontrollerduringoperationcanunlockfromthebaseandthe
basewithterminals(andalsothe230Va.c.connections)areexposed.
Topreventinjuriestopersons,alwaysmakesurethatthecontroller
issecurelylockedintoitsbase.Ifthisisnotthecase,thecontroller
shouldnotbeoperated!

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Theeasywaytolockthecontrollertoitsbaseorunlockitistousea
screwdriveraslever.

Mountingonawall

Mountthebasepartonawallwithasmoothsurface.Establishthe
electricalconnectionsandpositionthecontrollerinthebasepart.
Securethecontrollerwiththelockingpin.

MountingonaDINrail(35mm)

MountthebasepartonaDINrail.Establishtheelectrical
connectionsandpositionthecontrollerinthebasepart.Secure
thecontrollerwiththelockingpin.

DismountingtheECLComfortcontroller

Inordertoremovethecontrollerfromthebasepart,pulloutthe
lockingpinbymeansofascrewdriver.Thecontrollercannowbe
removedfromthebasepart.

Theeasywaytolockthecontrollertoitsbaseorunlockitistousea
screwdriveraslever.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

BeforeremovingtheECLComfortcontrollerfromthebasepart,ensure
thatthesupplyvoltageisdisconnected.

2.3.2MountingtheRemoteControlUnitsECA30/31

Selectoneofthefollowingmethods:

•Mountingonawall,ECA30/31

•Mountinginapanel,ECA30

Screwsandrawlplugsarenotsupplied.

Mountingonawall

MountthebasepartoftheECA30/31onawallwithasmooth
surface.Establishtheelectricalconnections.PlacetheECA30/
31inthebasepart.

Mountinginapanel

MounttheECA30inapanelusingtheECA30framekit(ordercode
no.087H3236).Establishtheelectricalconnections.Securethe
framewiththeclamp.PlacetheECA30inthebasepart.TheECA
30canbeconnectedtoanexternalroomtemperaturesensor.

TheECA31mustnotbemountedinapanelifthehumidity
functionistobeused.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

2.3.3MountingtheinternalI/OmoduleECA32

MountingoftheinternalI/OmoduleECA32

TheECA32module(ordercodeno.087H3202)mustbeinserted
intotheECLComfort310/310B/311basepartforadditionalinput
andoutputsignalsinrelevantapplications.

TheconnectionbetweentheECLComfort310/310B/311andECA
32isa10-pole(2x5)connector.Theconnectionisautomatically
establishedwhentheECLComfort310/310B/311isplacedon
thebasepart.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

2.4Placingthetemperaturesensors

2.4.1Placingthetemperaturesensors

Itisimportantthatthesensorsaremountedinthecorrectposition
inyoursystem.

Thetemperaturesensormentionedbelowaresensorsusedfor
theECLComfort210/296/310/311serieswhichnotallwillbe
neededforyourapplication!

Outdoortemperaturesensor(ESMT)

Theoutdoorsensorshouldbemountedonthatsideofthebuilding
whereitislesslikelytobeexposedtodirectsunshine.Itshouldnot
beplacedclosetodoors,windowsorairoutlets.

Flowtemperaturesensor(ESMU,ESM-11orESMC)

Placethesensormax.15cmfromthemixingpoint.Insystems
withheatexchanger,DanfossrecommendsthattheESMU-typeto
beinsertedintotheexchangerflowoutlet.

Makesurethatthesurfaceofthepipeiscleanandevenwhere
thesensorismounted.

Returntemperaturesensor(ESMU,ESM-11orESMC)

Thereturntemperaturesensorshouldalwaysbeplacedsothatit
measuresarepresentativereturntemperature.

Roomtemperaturesensor
(ESM-10,ECA30/31RemoteControlUnit)

Placetheroomsensorintheroomwherethetemperatureistobe
controlled.Donotplaceitonoutsidewallsorclosetoradiators,
windowsordoors.

Boilertemperaturesensor(ESMU,ESM-11orESMC)

Placethesensoraccordingtotheboilermanufacturer’s
specification.

Airducttemperaturesensor(ESMB-12orESMUtypes)

Placethesensorsothatitmeasuresarepresentativetemperature.

DHWtemperaturesensor(ESMUorESMB-12)

PlacetheDHWtemperaturesensoraccordingtothemanufacturer’s
specification.

Slabtemperaturesensor(ESMB-12)

Placethesensorinaprotectiontubeintheslab.

ESM-11:Donotmovethesensorafterithasbeenfastenedinorderto
avoiddamagetothesensorelement.

ESM-11,ESMCandESMB-12:Useheatconductingpasteforquick
measurementofthetemperature.

ESMUandESMB-12:Usingasensorpockettoprotectthesensorwill,
however,resultinaslowertemperaturemeasurement.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Pt1000temperaturesensor(IEC751B,1000Ω/0°C)

Relationshipbetweentemperatureandohmicvalue:

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

2.5Electricalconnections

2.5.1Electricalconnections230Va.c.

Warning

ElectricconductorsonPCB(PrintedCircuitBoard)forsupplyvoltage,
relaycontactsandtriacoutputsdonothavemutualsafetydistanceof
minimum6mm.Theoutputsarenotallowedtobeusedasgalvanic
separated(voltfree)outputs.

Ifagalvanicseparatedoutputisneeded,anauxiliaryrelayis
recommended.

24Voltcontrolledunits,forexampleactuators,aretobecontrolledby
meansofECLComfort310,24Voltversion.

SafetyNote

Necessaryassembly,start-up,andmaintenanceworkmustbe
performedbyqualifiedandauthorizedpersonnelonly.

Locallegislationsmustberespected.Thiscomprisesalsocablesize
andisolation(reinforcedtype).

AfusefortheECLComfortinstallationismax.10Atypically.

TheambienttemperaturerangefortheECLComfortinoperationis
0-55°C.Exceedingthistemperaturerangecanresultinmalfunctions.

Installationmustbeavoidedifthereisariskforcondensation(dew).

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Thecommongroundterminalisusedforconnectionofrelevant
components(pumps,motorizedcontrolvalves).

ECL210/310/311

ECL296

SeealsotheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey)
forapplicationspecificconnections.

Maximumloadratings:

Relayterminals

4(2)A/230Va.c.
(4Aforohmicload,2Afor
inductiveload)

Triac(=electronic

0,2A/230Va.c.

relay)terminals

A230.2(cooling):2-pumpcontrol

ApplicationA230.2,ex.disanexampleforscheduledshiftbetween
twocirculationpumps.
ControlofP1isbasedonthecoolingdemandanddetermines
viaK1theON/OFFcontrolofthepumpsP2andP3.P2andP3
arerelatedtotheoutputoftheschedulein"Commoncontroller
settings".
TheelectricdiagramforA230.2,P2andP3showsanexamplefor
connection.

Wirecrosssection:0.5-1.5mm²
Incorrectconnectioncandamagetheelectronicoutputs.
Max.2x1.5mm²wirescanbeinsertedintoeachscrewterminal.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

2.5.2Electricalconnections24Va.c.

SeealsotheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey)
forapplicationspecificconnections.

Maximumloadratings:

Relayterminals

4(2)A/24Va.c.
(4Aforohmicload,2Afor
inductiveload)

Triac(=electronic

1A/24Va.c.

relay)terminals

A230.2(cooling):2-pumpcontrol

ApplicationA230.2,ex.disanexampleforscheduledshiftbetween
2circulationpumps.
ControlofP1isbasedonthecoolingdemandanddetermines
viaK1theON/OFFcontrolofthepumpsP2andP3.P2andP3
arerelatedtotheoutputoftheschedulein"Commoncontroller
settings".
TheelectricdiagramforA230.2,P2andP3showsanexamplefor
connection.

Donotconnect230Va.c.poweredcomponentstoa24Va.c.power
suppliedcontrollerdirectly.Useauxilliaryrelays(K)toseparate230
Va.c.from24Va.c.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

2.5.3Electricalconnections,safetythermostats,ingeneral

SeealsotheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey)
forapplicationspecificconnections.

Theconnectiondiagramsshowvarioussolutions/examples:

Safetythermostat,1–stepclosing:
Motorizedcontrolvalvewithoutsafetyfunction

Safetythermostat,1–stepclosing:
Motorizedcontrolvalvewithsafetyfunction

Safetythermostat,2–stepclosing:
Motorizedcontrolvalvewithsafetyfunction

WhenSTisactivatedbyahightemperature,thesafetycircuitinthe
motorizedcontrolvalveclosesthevalveimmediately.

WhenST1isactivatedbyahightemperature(theTRtemperature),the
motorizedcontrolvalveisclosedgradually.Atahighertemperature
(theSTtemperature),thesafetycircuitinthemotorizedcontrolvalve
closesthevalveimmediately.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

2.5.4Electricalconnections,Pt1000temperaturesensorsandsignals

SeealsotheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey)
forapplicationspecificconnections.

Sensor

S1
S2

Description

Outdoortemperaturesensor*
Roomtemperaturesensor**

Alternative:ECA30/31

S3

S4

Flowtemperaturesensor***

A230.1,A230.2,A230.3,
A230.5:Supplytemperature
sensor,formonitoring
A230.4:DHWtemperature
sensor,formonitoring

S5Returntemperaturesensor

S6A230.2:Returntemperature

sensor,formonitoring
A230.4:DHWcirculation
returntemperaturesensor,for
monitoring
A230.5:M1position

S7

A230.1,A230.2,A230.4:Flow/
energymeter(pulsesignal)
A230.3:RelativeHumidity
signal(0-10V)
A230.5:Alarm

S8

A230.2:Desiredcooling
temperature,0-10V
A230.4/A230.5:Pressure
transmitter,0-10V.
Alternatively,desiredheating
temperature,0-10V

Recommendedtype

ESMT
ESM-10

ESM-11/ESMB/
ESMC/ESMU

ESM-11/ESMB/
ESMC/ESMU

ESM-11/ESMB/
ESMC/ESMU

ESM-11/ESMB/
ESMC/ESMU

*

Iftheoutdoortemperaturesensorisnotconnectedorthe
cableisshort-circuited,thecontrollerassumesthatthe
outdoortemperatureis0(zero)°C.

**

Onlyforroomtemperaturesensorconnection.Theroom
temperaturesignalcanalsobeavailablefromaRemote
ControlUnit(ECA30/31).SeetheInstallationGuide
(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey)forspecificconnections.

***

Theflowtemperaturesensormustalwaysbeconnected
inordertohavethedesiredfunctionality.Ifthesensoris
notconnectedorthecableisshort-circuited,themotorized
controlvalvecloses(safetyfunction).

Wirecrosssectionforsensorconnections:Min.0.4mm².
Totalcablelength:Max.200m(allsensorsincl.internalECL485

communicationbus).
Cablelengthsofmorethan200mmaycausenoisesensibility(EMC).

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

Connectionofflow/energymeterwithpulsesignal

SeetheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey).

Theoutputoftheflow/energymetercanbeequippedwithan
externalpull-upresistorifaninternalpull-upresistorisnotpresent.

Pulsebasedsignalforflow/power ,appliedtoinputS7

Formonitoring:
Frequencyrangeis0.01-200Hz

Forlimitation:
Minimumfrequencyisrecommendedtobe1Hzinordertohavea

stablecontrol.Furthermore,thepulsesmustappearregularly.

A230.1,A230.3
Connectionofwindspeedsensor

SeetheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey).

A230.4,A230.5
Connectionofpressuresensor

SeetheInstallationGuide(deliveredwiththeapplicationkey).

Set-upofrelationbetweenappliedvoltage(0-10V)from
pressuresensorandexpressedpressure(inBar)inECL:Seesection
Frequentlyaskedquestions.

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ECLComfort210/296/310/311,applicationkeysA230andB230

A230.2,A230.4,A230.5

Connectionofexternalvoltage(0–10V)forexternalsetting
ofdesiredflowtemperature

Connectionofswitchforexternaloverride

S?:
ECL210/296:S7-S8
ECL310:S7-S10
ECL310/311+ECA32:S7-S16

Usinganinputforoverriderequiresavoltfreecontact/switch.

IfS1...S6ischosenasoverrideinput,theoverrideswitchmusthave
gold-platedcontacts.

IfS7...S16ischosenasoverrideinput,theoverrideswitchcanbea
standardcontact.

Wirecrosssectionforsensorconnections:Min.0.4mm².
Totalcablelength:Max.200m(allsensorsincl.internalECL485

communicationbus)
Cablelengthsofmorethan200mmaycausenoisesensibility(EMC).

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