Craftsman 247888540 Owner’s Manual

Owner's Manual
28" Two-Stage Steerable 4-Wheel Drive
Snow Thrower
Model No.
247.888540
CAUTION: Before usingthis product,
follow all safety rules
and operating instructions.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Hoffman Estates, IL 60179, U.S.A.
Visitour Sears website: www.sears.com/craftsman
Printedin U.S.A (8/99)
Safety
Assembly
Operation
Service
Maintenance
EspaSol
Form No. 770-10266
Content Page
Warranty Information ......................................... 2
Safe Operation Practices................................... 3
Assembly ........................................................... 6
Operation ........................................................... 12
Maintenance...................................................... 17
Content Page
Service & Adjustment ......................................... 20
Off-Season Storage ........................................... 25
Trouble-Shooting ............................................... 26
Parts List ............................................................ 28
Espanbl .............................................................. 40
Two -Year Warranty on Craftsman Snow Thrower
Fortwo years from the date of purchase, when this Craftsman Snow Thrower is maintained, lubricated and tuned up according to the instructions in the owner's manual, Sears will repair, free of charge, any defect in material
and workmanship.
If this Craftsman snow thrower is used for commercial or rental purposes, this warranty applies for only 30 days
from the date of purchase.
This warranty does not cover:
Expendable items which become worn during normal use, such as skid shoes, shave plate and spark
plugs. Repairs necessary because of operator abuse or negligence, including bent crankshafts and the failure to
maintain the equipment according to the instructions contained in the owner's manual.
WARRANTY SERVICE ISAVAILABLE BY RETURNING THE CRAFTSMAN SNOWTHROWER TOTHE NEAREST SEARS SERVICE CENTER/DEPARTMENT INTHE UNITED STATES.
This warranty applies only while this product is in use in the United States. Thiswarrantygives youspecific legalrightsand youmayalsohaveotherrightswhichmay varyfrom state tostate.
Sears, RoebuckandCo.,D/817WA, HoffmanEstates,IL60 f 79
Horsepower: ......................... 9
Engine Oil ............................. SAE 5W30 oil
Fuel Capacity: ....................... 1 gallon
Spark Plug: ........................... RJ-19LM
Engine: .................................. 143.999005
Model Number 247.888540
Serial Number ...........................................................
Date of Purchase ......................................................
Record both serial number and date of purchase and keep in a safe place for future reference.
2
This symbol points out important safety instructions which,if not followed, could endanger the
personal safety and/or propertyof yourself andothers. Read and follow all instructionsinthismanual
before attemptingto operate your snow thrower.Failure tocomply withthese instructionsmay resultin
personalinjury.When yousee thissymbol--heed its warning.
Your snow thrower was built tobe operated according to the rules for safe operation inthis manual. As with any type of power equipment, carelessness or error onthe part of the
,_ DANGER:operator can result in serious injury. If you violate any of these rules, you cause serious
This unit is equipped with an internal combustion engine and should not be used on or near any unimproved
,a,
forest-covered, brush-covered or grass-covered land unless the engine's exhaust system is equipped with a
spark arrester meeting applicable local or state laws (if any). If a spark arrester is used, it should be maintained in effective working order by the operator.
In the State of California the above is required by law (Section 4442 of the California Public Resources
Code), Other states may have similar laws. Federal laws apply on federal lands. A spark arrester for the
muffler is available through your nearest Sears Authorized Service Center (See the REPAIR PARTS section of this manual.)
The engine exhaust from this product contains chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm.
TRAINING
Read this owner's guide carefully inits entirety before
attempting to assemble or operate this machine. Be completely familiar with the controls and the proper
use of this machine before operating it. Keep this manual in a safe place for future and regular
reference and for ordering replacement parts. Never allow children under 14 years old to operate a
snow thrower. Children 14 years old and over should only operate a snow thrower under close parental
supervision. Only persons well acquainted with these rules of safe operation should be allowed to use your snow thrower.
No one should operate this unit while intoxicated or while taking medication that impairs the senses or
reactions. Keep the area of operation clear of all persons,
especially small children and pets.
Exercise caution to avoid slipping or falling, especially
when operating in reverse.
PREPARATION
Thoroughly inspect the area where the equipment is
to be used and remove all door mats, sleds, boards,
wires and other foreign objects. Do not operate equipment without wearing adequate
outer garments for winter. Do not wear jewelry, long scads or other loose clothing which could become entangled in moving parts, Wear footwear which will
improve footing onslippery surfaces. Before working with gasoline, extinguish all cigarettes and other sources of ignition. Check the fuel before
starting the engine. Gasoline is an extremely flammable fuel. Do net fill the gasoline tank indoors,
while the engine is running, or until engine has been allowed to cool at least two minutes. Replace
injury to yourself or others.
gasoline cap securely and wipe offany spilled gasoline before starting the engine as it may cause a
fire or explosion. Use a grounded three wire plug-in for all units with
electric drive motors or e)ectdc starting motors. Adjust collector housing height to clear gravel or
crushed rock surface.
Never attempt to make any adjustments while engine is running (except where specifically recommended
by manufacturer). Let engine and machine adjust to outdoor
temperature before starting to clear snow. Always wear safety glasses or eye shields during
operation orwhile performing an adjustment or repair, to protect eyes from foreign objects that may be
thrown from the machine in any direction.
OPERATION
Do not put hands or feet near or under rotating parts. Keep clear of discharge opening and auger at all
times.
Exercise extreme caution when operating onor crossing gravel drives, walks, or roads. Stay alert for hidden hazards or traffic,
Do not carry passengers. After striking a foreign object, stop the engine, remove wire from the spark plug and thoroughly inspect the
snow thrower for any damage. Repair the damage before restarting and operating the snow thrower.
Ifthe snow thrower starts to vibrate abnormally, stop
the engine and check immediately for the cause.
Vibration isgenerally a warning of trouble. Stop the engine whenever you leave the operating
position,before unclogging the colFector/impeller housing or discharge guide and before making any repairs, adjustments, or inspections. Never place your
may
handinthedischargeor collector openings. Use a
stick or wooden broom handle to unclog the
discharge opening.
Take all possible precautions when leaving the unit unattended. Disengage the collector/impeller, stop
the engine and remove the key. When cleaning, repairing, or inspecting, make certain
collector/impeller and all moving parts have stopped.
Disconnect spark plug wire and keep away from plug
to prevent accidental starting.
Do not run the engine indoors, except when starting it
and/or transporting the snow thrower inor out of building. Open doors before starting the engine in that
case. Exhaust fumes are dangerous.
Do notclear snow across the face of slopes. Exercise extreme caution when changing direction on slopes.
Do not attempt to clear steep slopes. Never operate the snow thrower without guards,
plates or other safety protection devices in place. Never operate the snow thrower near glass enclosure, automobiles, window wells, drop off, etc.,
without proper adjustments of snow thrower
discharge angle. Keep,children and pets away. Do not overload machine capacity by attempting to
clear snow at too fast a rate. Never operate the machine at high transport speeds on slippery surfaces. Look behind and use care when backing.
Never direct discharge at bystanders or allow anyone in front of unit while throwing snow.
Disengage powerto collector/impellerofthe snow
throwerwhen transporting itor when theunit isnot inuse.
Use only attachments and accessories (such as
wheel weights, counter weights, cabs, etc.) approved by the snow thrower manufacturer.
Never operate the snow thrower without good
visibility or light. Always be sure of your footing and
keep a firm hold on the handles. Walk, never run.
Muffler and engine become hot and can cause severe burn injury. Do nettouch the muffler or the engine
while starting or operating the snow thrower.
MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE
Check shear bolts, engine mounting bolts, etc., at
frequent intervals for proper tightness, thus ensuring
that the equipment is in safe working condition. Never store the machine with fuel in the fuel tank
inside a building where ignition sources are present, such as hot water heaters, space heaters, clothes
dryers and the like. Allow engine to cool before storing in any enclosure.
Always refer to owner's guide instructions for important details if the snow thrower is to be stored for
an extended period.
Run machine a few minutes after throwing snow to
prevent freeze-up of the collector/impeller. Check clutch controls periodically to varify that these
engage and disengage properly and readjust if necessary. Refer to Service and Adjustments section
page of this owner's guide.
YOUR RESPONSIBILITY
Restrict the use of this power machine to persons who read, understand and follow the warnings and instructions inthis manual and on the machine.
We do not recommend the use of pressure washers
or garden hose to clean your unit. They may cause
damage to electric components, spindles, pulleys, bearings or the engine. The use of water will result in
shortened life and reduce serviceability.
Following are representations of some of the safety labels on your Craftsman snowthrower. Please follow the instruction on these labels and maintain safety while using or servicing the equipment, explanation of engine labels is given on Page 12,
I ,A,WARNING I
]kDANGER
Lay the hardware pieces from the hardware pack on the figure here and you will have automatically sorted these
according to the steps of the assembly procedure described later. (Only one unit of each hardware has been shown per group. The number in parenthesis indicates the total number of the hardware needed in that group.)
Lock Washer (4)
E
Hex Bolt (6) x_, f/Nut (6)
Flanged
Hex Bolt (2)
\
5/16-18 x 1.75 /
Hex Bolt (2)
B Cupped Washer (4)
5/1
-.,--- arriage
Ha°d,,Tab(2)
,/
Nut (4)
Bolt (4)
1/4-20
Chute Flange Keeper (3)
Hex Bolt(2)
HexxNut(2)
Bele_vile Washel(2)
1/4..20
Chute
/ Flange
/ Bracket
(not shown in actual
size)
C
./
Hairpin Clip (1)
Flat
Washer (2)
5/16 Ferru
(t)
Hairpin Clip (2)
Spare Parts Lo_c k Hex
_She_ Nut (2)**
Nut (2)*
* Used on auger; ** used on clutch lever
G
_ jasher(2)
0 frFFiiiiiiHirlllllllll!lllrflllllll/rtlll
/,
Phinps Screw (2)
Turn
5
Flat
3/8
Cable Tie (2)
F_atWeld Nut (2)
Chute
J
Crank
Rear
Right
Handle Panel
Fron
Handles
Shift
Rod
_ Electric
Start Cord
IMPORTANT: This unit is shipped with engine oil in theengine, but withoutgasoline.After assembly, see
OPERATION sectionof thismanual for fuel selection and fill-up. NOTE: To determine right and lefthand sides ofyour
snow thrower,stand behind theunit in theoperating
position. See Figure I inset.
Yoursnow thrower has been assembledat the
factory exceptthe handles andthe handle panel, the
discharge chute assembly, the chutecrank assembly andthe shift rod.These partsare shipped loose inthe carton.
Removing From Carton
Cut the corners of the carton and lay the sides flat on the ground. Remove all packing inserts. Remove all loose parts. For a complete list of
the loose parts, refer to the following section. Move the snow thrower out of the carton.
Make certain all parts and literature have been removed before discarding the carton.
Loose Parts
(See Figure 1.)
a. Handle Panel and Chute Assembly
b. Right Hand & Left Hand Handles
Figure I
c. Electric Start Cord
d. Two-piece Chute Crank Assembly e. Shift Rod
f. Hardware Pack
Assembly Tips: For easier assembly purposes,
remove the chute from the carton and lay iton top of
the engine. Do not unwrap the chute till you have
installedthe handle panel and the clutch cables.
Tools Required
1. 1/2", 7/16", 3/8" wrenches ora set of adjustable wrenches
2. Set of pliers
3. Set of philips head screw drivers
4. Funnel to fill up gasoline
isdisconnected and moved away from the
WARNING: Make certainthespark plug wire
spark plug beforeassembling thesnow thrower.
Attaching Handle Assembly
Stretch out controlcables and place onthe floor.
Placethe right handle inposition withthe flat
side against the snow thrower. Youcan identify
the right handle by the traction drivecontrollabel on itand the lefthandle by theauger clutch
control label on it.
6
Secure bottom hole inthe handle to the snow thrower using 5/16 x .75" hex bolt and lock
washer from the hardware pack (group A on page 5 ). Do nottightenat thistime. SeeFigure2.
Handle Tab
Handle Tab , P'_/
Figure 2
Place a handle tab, included in the hardware
pack (group A on page 5), over the upper hole in
handle so that the contour of the handle tab matches that of the handle. See Figure 2.
Secure handle tab to the snow thrower using hex bolt (5/16 x1.75" long) and lock washer from
the same group in the hardware pack. Do not
tighten at this time. Attach the left handle in the same manner. Do
not tighten at this time. Place the handle panel inposition between the
handles so the ends of the curved part of the
handles go through the slots in the handle panel. See Figure 3.
Assembly Tips: For easier assembly, slide left side of the handle panel infirst, place the right side next.
Once the handle panel is in position, push the auger control lever down to lock the panel into position.
While placing the handle panel, make sure to
route chute and chute cable between the handles underneath the panel keeping the cable
on top of the engine. Align the holes in the
handle with the holes on two sides of the handle panel. See Figure 3.
Attach the handle panel to the handle with two carriage bolts, cupped washers (cupped side
against the handle panel) and hex nuts on each side. Align the contour of the carriage bolt head
with the handle. See Figure 3.You will find these fasteners in the hardware pack (group B on
page 5). Repeat on other side. Align the hole on the curved part of the right
handle with the corresponding hole on the right side of handle panel making sure that this end of
the handle is firmly placed in the slot on the handle panel. See Figure 3.
insert a hex bolt, cupped washer and flange nut
from Group F of the hardware pack through these holes as shown in Figure 3.Tighten to
secure. Do not attach the leftside now.
Attaching Chute
Place the chute assembly over the chute opening with the chute facing front of the unit.
NOTE: Make sure that the chute cables are
straightened while assembling the chute.
Place the chute flange keeper (flat side down) beneath lip of chute assembly as shown in
Figure 4.You will find the chute flange keepers in
group E of the hardware pack,
Chute
/
Hex Hex Bolt F,la.nge
Right Handle Panel
Hex Bolt
Cup
Carriage Cupped
Bolt Washer
Figure 3
Handle
\
Chute
Flange
\
Figure 4
Insert hex bolt (1/4-20 x .75") and flange nut
from group E up through chute flange keeper
and chute assembly as shown in Figure 4. Do not tighten at this time. Rotate chute to install all the flange keepers.
After assembling allthree chute flange keepers,
tighten, then back off 1/4 turn to allow easier
movement of the chute. Use (2) 7/16" wrenches.
7
Keeper
Attaching Chute Crank
On the left side of the handle panel, place the
upper chute crank bracket onto the inside of the
handle panel support. See Figure 5. You will find this bracket and associated hardware in group F of hardware pack.
Insert hex bolt through the upper chute crank bracket, handle panel support, and upper left
handle. Secure the bracket using cupped washer and hex nut. Make sure that the cupped
side of the washer is set against the handle.
Place one 3/8 ID flat washer (from group G of
the hardware pack) on the end of the chute crank, then insert the end of the chute crank into
the eye hole in the plastic bushing in the lower chute crank bracket. See Figure 7.
Plastic
Hairpin Cli
Bushing
Chute Crank
Handle Panel _ Washer Support _,_
Hex Bolt
Upper Chute j //
Crank Brai
* This part is already attached inside
the handle panel
Figure 5
You may have to loosen the carriage bolts and hex lock nuts which secure the lower chute
crank bracket to the extension on the left side of the chute assembly. See Figure 6.
F
Washer h_ute Flat
Lower Washer Crank Bracket
Figure 7
Place the other 3/8 ID flat washer (from the
same group of hardware) on the end ofthe chute crank and insert hairpin clip into hole atthe end of the chute crank. See Figure 7.
Adjust the chute bracket so that the spiral on the chute crank fully engages the teeth on the chute
assembly•
Upper
Chute Crank
Upper Chute
Crank Bracket
Assembly
Lower Chute ', I Carriage Bolt, Crank Bracket ",I
',,! Hex Nut
'/I
Figure 6
Slide the upper chute crank through the plastic
bushing inthe upper chute crank bracket and then into the lower chute crank• See Figure 8.
Align the holes on the two pieces of the chute
crank, and secure with hairpin clip from group C of the hardware pack.
Fully rotate the chute, using the chute crank, to
make sure that it moves freely•
Usinga wrench, tighten the hex bolt and the hex nut on the upper chute crank bracket. Slip the cables that run from the handle panel to
the chute into the cable guide located ontop of the engine. See Figure 9.
Cable Guide
Thread the ferrule onto the Z fitting. You may have to pull on the cable slightly to relieve
tension. Keep the ferrule turning without twisting the cable.
You will reach correct adjustment when there is minimal slack in the cable but itis nottight. Hold theflats on the ferrule with pliers and tighten the
jam nut against the ferrule. CAUTION: Cables will
become loose if you do not tighten thejam nut.
WARNING: There must not be any tension on either clutch cable withthe drive or auger
clutch grip in the disengaged (up) position. These clutches are asafety feature. Do not
override their function.
Figure 9
Tighten all loose hardware on the handle assembly inthe following order-- first the four
hex bolts at the bottom of the handle, then the carriage bolts and lastly the hex bolts on the rear
of the handle panel. Tighten the carriage bolts on the lower chute crank bracket.
Attaching Clutch Cables
The clutch control cables are attached to the snow
thrower. For shipping purposes, if the cables are attached to the top of the engine with cable ties, cut the cable ties now. The Z ends of the clutch cables
are hooked into the clutch grips on each handle.
Ensure there is a hex jam nut threaded allthe way up the threaded portion of the Z fitting;
extras are supplied in the hardware pack. See
Figure 10. Place the clutch grip inthe raised (up) position.
slde_ Z F tting
Outer of slot ,_"_Hex Jam
_" _ Nut
....
Nut \\ ::
Attaching Shift Rod
Place the shift lever in the sixth (6) speed. Placethe bentend ofthe shiftrod into the hole in
theshift arm assembly. See Figure 11.Secure with 5/16flat washer and hairpin clip from group Dof the
hardware pack. Thread ferrule (included in group D) from the
right side onto the other end of the shift rod till it lines up with the upper hole inthe shift lever
(beneath the handle panel). While aligning the ferrule, push down on the shift rodand the shift arm assembly as far as it will go.
NOTE: You may have topull the shift lever out of the
sixth speed position and move it towards the fifth speed position until the ferrule slides into the hole
without force.
Once the ferrule slides into the hole, turn it counter-clockwise one more full turn and insert it
in the hole in the shift lever. For proper positioning of the ferrule and the associated
hardware, see Figure 11.
Shift Lever ChuteDistance
Control
(Viewed from the underside of the handle panel)
Figure 10
Swing the left auger cable up making sure the cable is routed correctly in the cable roller guides located at the lower rear of the unit.
Hold the end of the cable at the barrel so the ferrule turns freely without twisting the cable.
Traction
Drive
Clutch
Hairpin Arm Clip Flat Assembly
Washer
Figure 11
Hairpin
Clip
Washer
Secure the ferrule to the shift lever with another
5/16 flat washer and hairpin clip from group Dof the hardware pack. See Figure 11.
Make certain to check for correct adjustment of
the shift rod as instructed in the Adjustment
section before operating the snow thrower.
Attaching Turn Triggers
Check and make sure thatthe righthand trigger cable isroutedinfront of thetractiondrive cable,
Feedthetriggercableupthroughtheoutersideof theslotinthe handlepanel.See Figure12. Do not
feedthe cablethrough thesame side oftheslotas theZ fitting.
Cable
Feed the trigger cable through this slot
and weld nut from group H ofthe hardware pack. See Figure 14. Use a phillips screwdriver for
tightening the screw. Repeat on leftside. Be careful not to drop the weld nut before securing it
in position.
Secure with screw
Trigger
Trigger
Figure 14
Secure the right turn trigger cable to the right
lower handle using cable tie provided in the hardware pack. Make sure not to wrap the drive cable. See Figure 15.
Cable
Figure 12
Placethe cable barrelriftinginto the hole in the
trigger. You canfind the triggers and associated
hardware in group H of the hardware pack. See
Figure 13.
inher Cab:Trlgg_b_
,;e.
Figure 13
Pull on the cable and rotate it around the bottom of the trigger, with the inner cable in the slot, until the cable end can be pushed into the trigger
housing and snapped tight. See Figure 13.
NOTE: When the cable is installed correctly, you
should not be able to pull the cable out of the trigger housing.
Place the right turn trigger in position underneath the right handle. Secure with screw
_/ Trigger
jousing
Slot
Cable snaps in at
this end
Figure 15
Secure the leftturn trigger cable to the lower handle using the other cable tie. Make sure to
route the cable tie below the auger drive cable sothat when the trigger cable is secured by the
cable tie, the auger drive cable is left outside the cable tie. Trim excess ends from each cable tie.
NOTE: The right side cable tie must be used to keep cable from coming in contact with the moving shift
arm from the transmission.
Lamp Wiring
Wrap the wirefrom the lamp down theright handle as shown in Figure15,
Plugwireintothe alternator leadwire underthe
fuel tank. See Figure 16.
Alternator Lead
Alternator Lead
Lamp Wire
(Wheelsnotshownforclarity)
Figure 16
10
IMPORTANT: Assemble your snow thrower, then
check the adjustments as instructed and make any final adjustments necessarybefore operating the unit.
Failure to follow these instructions may cause damage to the snow thrower.
Final Adjustments
Auger Control
To check the adjustment of the auger control, push forward the left hand clutch grip until the
rubber bumper is compressed. There should be slack in the clutch cable.
Release the clutch grip. The cable should be straight. Make certain you can depress the
auger control grip against the left handle completely.
If adjustment is necessary, loosen the hex jam
nut and thread the cable in (for less slack) or out
(for more slack). Recheck the adjustment. Tighten the jam nut
against the cable when correct adjustment is
reached.
Traction Drive Clutch and Shift Lever
Tip the snow throwerforward sothat it rests on
the auger housing.
Move theshift lever all theway forward tothe
sixth(6) position.
Withthe tractiondrive lever released, spin the
snow throwerwheels by hand. The wheels shouldturn; however, you may feel some
resistance. Engage the tractiondrive clutchgrip. The
wheels shouldno longer turn.
Nowreleasethe tractiondrive clutchgrip,and
spinthe wheels again.
Move the shift leverback to the fast reverse
position,then allthe way forward again. There shouldbe no resistancein theshift lever, and the
wheels should turn.
Ifyou face resistancewhen moving the shift leveror thesnow throwerwheels stopwhen they
shouldnot, loosenthe locknut onthe traction drive cable and unthreadthe cable one turn.
Ifthe wheels can stillbe turned when you
engage the traction drive clutch grip, loosen the lock nut on the traction drive cable and thread
the cable in one turn.
Recheck the adjustment and repeat adjustment as necessary. Tighten jam nut to secure the
cable when correct adjustment is reached.
NOTE: For more details, refer to the Adjustment section on page 20.
Skid Shoe
The space between the shave plate and the ground
can be adjusted. For close snow removal, place skid shoes in the low position. Use middleor high position
when area to be cleared is uneven. NOTE: It is not recommendedthat you operate this
snow thrower on gravel as loose gravel can be easily picked up and thrown by the auger causing an injury
or damage to the snow thrower.
Iffor some reason, you have to operate the snow
thrower on gravel, keep the skid shoe in the
highest position for maximum clearance between the ground and the shave plate.
Adjust skid shoes by loosening the six hex nuts
. and carriage bolts and moving skid shoes to
desired position.
Make certain the entire bottom surface of skid shoe is against the ground to avoid uneven wear
on the skid shoes.
Tighten nuts and bolts securely.
Shave Platq
Carriage Bolts
Skid Shoes
High
Low
Hex Nuts
Figure 17
Tire Pressure (Pneumatic Tires)
The tires are over-inflated for shipping purposes. Check tirepressureand reduce to 15 to20 psi.
NOTE:/f the tirepressure is not equal in both tires,the
unitmay puff to one side or the other.
11
Knowing Your Snow Thrower
Read this owner's manual and safety rules before operating your snow thrower. Compare illustration below with your snow thrower to familiarize yourself with the location of various
controls and adjustments• Save this manual for future reference.
The operation of any snow thrower can result in foreign objects being thrown into the eyes.
which can result in severe eye damage. Always wear safety glasses for operating the snow thrower, or while performing any adjustments or repairs on it.
Traction Drive Control Right Turn Trigger
Shift Lever
Chute Distance Control Lever
Auger Control
Left Turn Trigger
Discharge Chute
Auger
Fuel Tank
/
Oil Fill Fill Fuel
S
Primer
Crank
Electric Starter
Spark Plug Fuel
Tank
Muffler
Fuel
Valve
Key Choke
\
Control
Skid Shoe
Starter
-- Oil Drain
Plug
Following is an explanation Ofthe symbols used in engine labels:
FAST SLOW STOP CHOKE I INSERT TO RUN REMOVE TO STOP
Figure 18
Meets ANSI Safety Standards
Sears snow throwers conform to the safety standards B71.3 of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
12
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