Device Driver for the SCO UnixWare 2.1.x Operating System
Software Installation Card
Before You Begin
Before you install the RocketPort device driver for
UnixWare 2.1.x, you must:
•Install the RocketPort card or cards using the
Hardware Installation Card that came with your card
or download it from the web/ftp sites.
•Remove any older RocketPort device driver that may be
on your system.
•Obtain and extract the current driver files.
Removing the Existing Driver
Follow these steps to remove the existing RocketPort
driver:
1. Log in as the system administrator (root) and invoke
the pkgrm utility. Use this syntax:
pkgrm rckt
2. If you have other drivers to remove at this time, do so.
3. Shut down and reboot the system so that your changes
take effect.
shutdown -y -i6 -g0
Extracting the Driver Files
This driver is released in a .z file. The package is released
with the following file name format:
180xxxxY.tar.Z
where:
180xxxx is the Comtrol file name.
Y is the revision letter.
tar.Z means that the file has been compressed.
1. Insert the diskette that contains the UnixWare 2.1.x
file you downloaded.
2. Copy the 180xxxxY.tar.Z file from the floppy to the
/var/spool/pkg directory. For example:
doscp a:180xxxxX.Z /var/spool/pkg/180xxxxX.Z
3. Return to the command prompt as root, go to the /var/
spool/pkg directory, and type the following commands to create a directory structure named rckt.
uncompress 180xxxxY.Z
tar xvf 180xxxxY
4. Go to Installing the Device Driver to install the driver.
Installing the Device Driver
After installing the RocketPort card and extracting the
driver, follow these steps to install the RocketPort driver.
1. Boot the system, login as the system administrator
(root), and invoke the pkgadd utility.
pkgadd rckt
2. Press Enter to select the ALL option.
3. Select the number and type of cards you are installing
by answering the questions presented during the
install. See the Hardware Installation Card for I/O
DIP switch settings for ISA series cards.
4. Shutdown the system and turn the computer off:
shutdown -y -i6 -g0
5. Configure the RocketPort cards using the information
in the following discussions.
Loading the Device Driver
After you install the driver and hardware, you must load
the driver before configuring ports.
To load the driver manually, use either modadmin or the lod
script. For more information on modadmin, see the
modadmin man page.
To use the lod script, enter this command:
/comtrol/rckt/lod
If the driver is loaded successfully, the following message
displays:
UX: modadmin: INFO: module rckt loaded, ID=##
If the driver does not load successfully, an error message
displays.
Unloading the Device Driver
To unload the driver, use either modadmin or the ulod
script. The ulod script syntax is:
/comtrol/rckt/ulod
If the driver is unloaded successfully, the following message
displays:
UX: modadmin: INFO: module ## unloaded
® Series Device Driver for the SCO UnixWare 2.1.x Operating System Software Installation Card
RocketPort
Device Names
Board 1
Board 2
Board 3
Board 4
This driver provides three device types:
•Non-modem Control
Enabling direct device names allows communications
with a non-modem serial device over a simple 3-wire
connection, consisting of the transmit and receive data
lines and the signal ground.
•Modem Control
The modem control device names require modem
control to function properly. Specifically, the carrier
detect signal must be present before the serial port
becomes active.
•Transparent Print
This is an output-only device that allows you to access
the auxiliary port on a terminal.
Note: The driver creates 32 ports (three devices per port) in
the /dev/term directory for each board installed.
Device names are assigned as shown in the table below:
Device Names
card will always be Board 1 and the ISA card will
always be Board 2.
For more information on ISA I/O addressing, see
your RocketPort Hardware Installation Card.
You can use the shell scripts in the following table to
establish port services. The shell scripts make installation
of ttymon login services easier. See the man pages for
information about using port monitors, and the sacadm and
pmadm commands.
After you set up the login services, you may need to do the
following:
•Optionally, configure Transparent Print.
•Optionally, use Baud Rate Mapping to access baud
rates higher than 38,400.
Port Services Shell Scripts
Script NameDescription
Adds a ttymon monitor named
addttymon
port_monitor
port_monitor. The system needs only
one port monitor to manage login
service for all serial ports.
Note: With RocketPort/ISA cards, the board numbering
sequence is determined by card I/O addresses. With
RocketPort/PCI cards, the numbering sequence is
determined by the PCI slot number. When mixing
ISA- and PCI-bus RocketPort cards, the PCI cards
always come before the ISA cards. For example, if
you have one PCI and one ISA RocketPort, the PCI
addttysrv
port_monitor
service_tag
ttydefs_entry
Adds login service to port_monitor.
The service_tag is the same as the
device name in /dev/term. Line settings
are obtained from the ttydefs_entry in
the /etc/ttydefs file.
This script is similar to addttysrv,
except that this script configures the
addmdmsrv
port_monitor
service_tag
ttydefs_entry
login service as a dial-in/dial-out
modem. The device names table shows
the modem control device names
assigned to each serial port on the
RocketPort controller. You must use
uppercase device names that may be
found in /dev/term.
rmsrv
port_monitor
service_tag
This script removes the login service
service_tag from port_monitor.
The following example shows how to create a port monitor,
enable direct connect login services for Port r0a,and
configure the port for dialup login with a baud rate of
Note: 38400 is one of many configurations that can be
selected from /etc/ttydefs
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Enabling Ports
To enable a port, enter this command:
pmadm -e -p<port_monitor> -s<service_tag>
For more information, see the man page for pmadm.
Disabling Ports
To disable a port, enter this command:
pmadm -d -p<port_monitor> -s<service_tag>
For more information, see the man page for pmadm.
Viewing Settings
To view the current tty settings for a port, enter this
command:
stty -a < /dev/term/portname
For more information see the man page for stty.
Baud Rate Mapping
UUCP and CU do not support baud rates above 38.4 Kbps.
Therefore, to take full advantage of the RocketPort board’s
potential speed (such as 57.6K, 76.8K, 115.2K, or 230.4K),
you must use one of the following methods to remap baud
rates on one or more ports:
•setbaud
This program enables you to remap baud rates for one
or more ports, for the current session only.
Note: 460K is not supported.
•baud.init
This command enables you to remap the baud rates
automatically each time the system is rebooted.
Setbaud
Follow these steps to remap baud rates for the current
session.
Note: Baud 50 through 134 are not included in the
/etc/ttydefs file. Setbaud can be used by using the -u
option to set each over 300 or by adding 50, 75, 110,
and 134 to the /etc/ttydefs file.
1. Disable the ports for which you want to remap baud
rates.
2. Enter this command:
/comtrol/rckt/setbaud -h /dev/term/portname
The rates are remapped as shown in the following table:
Baud Rate Mapping
System RateSetbaud Rate
5057600
7576800
110115200
134230400
Note: The /etc/ttydefs file does not include the 50 through
134 baud rates. You need to manually add these
baud rates to the file.
3. Repeat Step 2 for each port for which you are
remapping rates.
4. Use the normal tty administrative procedure to set the
port to the system rate. The setbaud rate is used
instead.
To map a port to a rate not in the setbaud table, enter this
command:
Where oldrate is the system rate and newrate is the
desired new rate.
To reset a port to standard system rates, enter this
command:
/comtrol/rckt/setbaud -n /dev/term/portname
Baud.init
Follow these steps to permanently remap baud rates:
1. Edit the /comtrol/rckt/baud.cfg file to list the ports for
which you are remapping baud rates. To use the
remapped rates listed in the setbaud table, simply list
the devices names. For example:
2. Reboot the system, or execute /comtrol/rckt/baud.init for
immediate change. The rates will be remapped each
time the system is rebooted.
3. Use the normal tty administrative procedure to set the
port to the system rate. The remapped rate is used
instead.
Terminal Sessions in UnixWare 2.1.x
The following procedure is a step-by-step example of how
to enable login services and log in under UnixWare 2.1.x.
Adapt this procedure as needed.
Enabling Login Services
This example enables port r0a for direct connection at
38,400 baud.
1. Connect a null modem cable from RocketPort Board 1,
Port 0, to the modem port of a dumb terminal.
2. Set the terminal modem port baud rate to 38400, 8
data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit. If needed, reinitialize
the terminal so that it is using the new settings.
3. Enter this command to create a port monitor named
rckttest:
/comtrol/rckt/addttymon rckttest
4. Enter this command to create port service:
/comtrol/rckt/addttysrv rckttest r0a 38400_8N
5. From the terminal, enter your login name and
password. If you get gibberish in response, check the
terminal baud rate setting and verify that it matches
the baud rate setting on the server port. If you get an
intelligible response but still can’t log in, check the
parity and data bits settings.
To see the current settings for the RocketPort port,
enter this command on the system console:
stty -a < /dev/term/r0a
6. From the terminal, move around the system and open
files to verify that everything is working correctly.
Access the dcu utility to verify that the system is
interpreting ASCII control sequences correctly.
7. When you are finished, type exit and log out.
Transparent Print
The transparent print feature enables users to attach a
printer to the auxiliary port available on most video
display terminals. Data can then be directed from the host
through the terminal to the printer, without disturbing the
normal keyboard entry and terminal display functions. In
effect, this enables you to attach two devices—a terminal
and a printer—to one port. You may assign a printer name
to the port using a print spool facility and use it as any
other output-only device.
Basic Setup
Follow these basic steps to set up transparent print:
1. Using a null modem cable, attach a printer to the
auxiliary port on the terminal.
2. Create and edit the /comtrol/rckt/tprint.cfg file to
configure the tprint port.
3. Run /comtrol/rckt/psetup -t to invoke test mode and
verify the statements in tprint.cfg without updating the
driver.
If the test fails, return to Step 2.
When the test results are error-free, proceed to Step 4.
4. Run /comtrol/rckt/psetup to inform the driver of the new
configuration.
5. Enable the terminal for logins.
6. You may now redirect output to the printer via the
tprint port device name.
For more information, see the following discussions.
TPRINT.CFG
Each printer device must be described in the tprint.cfg file.
This description consists of a group of statements which
describe the characteristics of the terminal and printer
used. Each statement consists of a keyword/parameter pair
in the form, keyword=parameter.
See your hardware owner’s manuals for information
regarding the statements required by your printer.
tprint.cfg statements consist of up to five lines for each port
used:
device=
auxon=
auxoff=
printcps=
option=
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RocketPort
The keywords are described further in the following table. PSETUP
KeywordDescription
This specifies the printer device for a group
of statements, and must be the first line in
each group of statements describing a
device
device. All statements that follow this
statement and come before the next device
statement (or the end of the file) will apply
to the named device.
Example: device=tpr0a
This requires a 1- to 4-character ASCII
sequence enclosed by parentheses, a
mnemonic form, or a literal hexadecimal
value preceded by a backslash, and
specifies the control sequence that must be
sent to the terminal to enable auxiliary
port printing. While in transparent mode,
auxon
all characters received by the terminal are
redirected out the auxiliary port. The
following example enables transparent
printing on a Wyse 60:
Example: auxon=(esc d #)
See your terminal documentation for more
information about auxon and auxoff
auxiliary on/off.
This is similar to auxon, and specifies the
control sequence that must be sent to the
auxoff
terminal to disable auxiliary port printing.
The following example is for a Wyse 60:
Example: auxoff=(dc4)
This statement specifies (in decimal) the
throughput count for the printer in
characters per second (not the baud rate).
printcps
The device driver meters out 80-percent of
this number. For example, if you select 100,
the actual throughput count is 80 CPS.
See your printer documentation for more
information about the throughput count.
This specifies any optional post-processing
that is to be performed on data output to
the auxiliary port.
There are three options available:
•onlcr outputs a newline character as
option
nl,cr (newline, carriage return)
•ocrnl outputs a carriage return as a
newline
•none produces normal output
See your printer documentation for more
information about post-processing.
After tprint.cfg has been set up, run the psetup program in
test mode. This will verify the statements in tprint.cfg, but
not update the driver. Any errors found are listed by
tprint.cfg line number. The syntax is:
/comtrol/rckt/psetup -t
After you have verified that the configuration is error-free,
run psetup in normal mode to transfer the tprint
information to the device driver. The syntax is:
/comtrol/rckt/psetup
Psetup, which is installed with the driver, can be run from a
bootscript in the /etc/rc2.d/S99rckt directory any time after
booting, and may be run repeatedly.
You must have login service running on the terminal
attached to a configured printer, otherwise no data is sent
to the printer.
It is not necessary to restart the system if the
configuration file is changed. Simply re-execute /comtrol/rckt/psetup to re-scan the configuration file and configure
the port with the new parameters.
Example Transparent Print Setup
The following example uses an IBM InfoWindow II 3153
and an Epson LQ-510 printer. Copy and adapt these
procedures as needed. More examples may be found in the
file /comtrol/rckt/tprint.cfg.
1. Use a null-modem cable to connect the SES1-EIA port
on the terminal to RocketPort Board 1, Port 0 (ttyr0a).
2. Use a serial-to-parallel cable to connect the printer to
the SES2-AUX port on the terminal.
3. Verify that the driver has been installed with
transparent print feature enabled and a port speed of
38,400.
4. Disable /dev/term/r0a.
5. Edit /comtrol/rckt/tprint.cfg and add the following lines:
device=tpr0a
auxon=(esc d #)
auxoff=(dc4)
printcps=90
option=onlcr
6. Run /comtrol/rckt/psetup -t.
The program should return (test mode). If not, resolve
the error conditions and repeat until tprint.cfg is errorfree.
7. Run /comtrol/rckt/psetup.
8. Enable /dev/term/r0a.
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RocketPort
9. You may now direct output to the printer via the tprint
device name. For example, enter this command:
ls> /dev/term/tpr0a
This should print a listing of the present working
directory on the printer, without printing to the
terminal screen.
10. To further test the printer, cat files to /dev/term/tpr0a.
11. Login on the terminal and cat files to the printer. The
video display should not stop while printing is in
progress.
Common Installation Issues
Before you call Comtrol technical support, please use
following checklist:
•Check to make sure all cables are connected properly.
•Check the signals between your peripherals and the
RocketPort interface box to verify that they match (if
applicable). See the RocketPort Hardware Installation Card for port pinouts.
•If using RocketPort/ISA cards, check the DIP switch
settings on each card to verify that the addresses are
correct.
•Use dcu to examine the system memory usage for
conflicts.
•Make sure the controller board is seated firmly in the
bus slot and the expansion slot screw is in place.
•Reinstall the board and driver, selecting a different
I/O address range for the controller.
If this fails to resolve the problem, run the diagnostic:
1. Shut down your system.
2. Insert the RocketPort Diagnostics diskette in your
primary drive.
3. Power-up your system, and allow it to boot from the
diagnostic diskette.
4. Follow the on-screen instructions.
Solving Modem-Related Problems
If you have problems connecting to a modem-equipped
port, disconnect the cable to the modem or turn off the
modem. You can use the cu command to test a port with no
modem present by using the loopback plug. Attach the
loopback plug to the port being tested and enter data; it
should appear (echo) to your screen.
After connecting to the port, reconnect or power on the
modem and set the modem parameters.
The most useful tool for diagnosing dial-out problems is
the -d9 option to cu. Using this option causes cu to display
diagnostic output. To do so, follow this syntax:
cu -d9 -l devicenamephonenumber
Where devicename is the port you are trying to use and
phonenumber is the number you are trying to dial.
If you get a “connected” message when you test the modem
with cu but no response to an AT command, follow these
steps:
1. After issuing the cu command, press Enter several
times and watch the lights on the modem. The receive
light should flash. If only the send light flashes, the
local echo may be turned off. Use the ATE1 command to
turn on the modem’s local echo feature.
2. Verify that the modem switch and software settings
are correct.
3. Check the modem cable to make sure it is attached at
both ends.
4. If no lights flash, the modem cable may be defective.
Replace it.
5. Move the modem to a standard serial port and try it
there. If it works on a standard port but not on a
RocketPort port, the problem lies in the RocketPort
board or port configuration.
6. Move the modem back to the RocketPort port.
7. Use the RocketPort Diagnostics to verify that the port is
working.
Solving Printer-Related Problems
To identify and resolve printer problems not related to
transparent print, follow these steps:
1. Verify that a serial printer is powered up, connected to
the correct port, and on-line.
2. Verify that the printer is connected using the correct
cable. See the RocketPort Hardware Installation Card
and your printer manual for connector pinouts and
cable specifications.
3. Move the printer to a standard serial port, and try it
there. If it works on a standard port but not on a
RocketPort, the problem may lie in the RocketPort
board or port configuration.
4. Move the printer back to a RocketPort port.
5. Enter this command to send a file directly to the
printer port:
cat /etc/termcap >/dev/term/rXX
Where XX is the port to which the printer is attached.
a. If you get nothing, check to make sure the device
driver is loaded, the port is enabled, and that you
are in fact connected to the port you think you’re
connected to. If all of this is true, connect the
printer to the COM1 or COM2 port and repeat this
step. If the printer still fails to print, the problem is
in the printer. If the printer does print, run the
RocketPort diagnostic.
b. If you get a partial file printout or garbled
characters, go to the sections on Flow Control.
c.If the file is printed correctly, but you are unable to
print from an application, check the application
setup.
d. If the file is printed correctly, but you are unable to
print through the UNIX spooler, go to the section
on UNIX Spooler Problems.
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RocketPort
Checking Flow Control
To check flow control setup, enter this command:
stty -a </dev/term/rXX
Where XX is the port to which the printer is attached.
The system should respond with something like this:
parameters for your system will probably be
different. A minus sign (-) in front of a parameter
indicates that it is not configured, while a blank
space means that it is configured.
Software (XON/XOFF) Flow Control
Pay particular attention to the minus signs (-) in front of
ixon, ixany, and ixoff. A minus sign means that the
parameter is turned off, which in turn may mean that flow
control is not being handled correctly. To force XON/XOFF
flow control, enter these commands:
Where XX is the port to which the printer is attached.
This example assumes the printer is running XON/XOFF
handshaking and 38400 baud. The cat command opens a
background process on the printer port and the stty
command sets the baud rate and handshaking.
If this solves the problem, make the corrections permanent
by adding the cat and stty commands shown above to the
boot file, then rebooting the system.
Hardware (CTS/RTS) Flow Control
Pay particular attention to the minus signs (-) in front of
ctsxon and rtsxoff. A minus sign means that the parameter
is turned off, which in turn may mean that flow control is
not being handled correctly. To force CTS/RTS flow control,
enter these commands:
Where XX is the port to which the printer is attached.
This example assumes the printer is running hardware
handshaking and 38400 baud. The cat command opens a
background process on the printer port and the stty
command sets the baud rate and handshaking.
If this solves the problem, make the corrections permanent
by adding the cat and stty commands shown above to the
boot file, then rebooting the system.
UNIX Spooler Problems
The System V lp spooler has a known problem that causes
serial ports with buffers beyond the UNIX internal buffers
to drop characters at the end of print jobs.
When the lp spooler daemon wants to print something, it
forks a child process. The child opens the printer port, then
forks a process to run the interface shell script. When the
shell is finished printing, it exits.
There can still be characters in the output buffer at this
point, but because the child still has the printer port open,
the shell exits immediately. The child is notified that the
shell has exited, it sends a message to the daemon (via the
named FIFO) indicating the print job has completed, the
child then exits, and the exit code eventually enters the
port’s close routine.
If there are still characters left to be output to the printer,
the process sleeps in the close routine until the characters
have gone out the port or until the process gets a signal.
The lp spooler, however, upon receipt of the “print done”
message, sends a sigterm signal to the child. If the child is
in the close routine waiting for characters, it wakes up,
flushes its buffers, and exits. This is how the data is lost.
Possible Solutions
1. Enter stty -hupcl <&1 ; in the interface shell script
immediately before every possible exit. This prevents
the shell from exiting before all the characters have
been sent out the serial port.
2. Enter sleep 30 in the interface shell script immediately
before every possible exit. This also prevents the shell
from exiting before all the characters have been sent
out the serial port.
3. For applications which must access the printer device
directly, insert the following command in the boot file:
Where baud is the printer baud rate and portname is
the serial device name. This line can also be issued as a
command from the root prompt, but unless nohup is
used, this process will exit and the serial line will be
reset when root logs out. Placing this command in the
boot file will ensure that the process will be spawned
upon going into multi-user mode, and continue until the
system is shut down or the process is killed manually.
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RocketPort
Retaining Non-Default Parameters on Disabled
Ports
Drivers only retain stty settings for a particular line as
long as that line is open. Likewise, when you do an stty on
a closed port, the stty settings are not retained. When you
apply stty settings to your login tty, the changes are
retained because even after stty terminates, the login shell
continues to hold the line open.
To make stty settings permanent, enter these commands:
Where XX is the board/port number, and desired
parameters are the desired stty command parameters.
The effect of this is to open, set, and close the port, but
because this is nested inside the first open, the parameters
will stick. You may place these lines in one of the boot
scripts in the rc.d directory.
Transparent Print: Known Issues
The stty command is not effective for the auxiliary devices
supported by transparent print. This is important when
setting up a printer interface program through the print
spool facility. The stty commands must be removed or
disabled within the print spool facility, otherwise a bad
address message appears at the top of any printed output.
If the corresponding terminal is very busy, output to the
printer may be extremely sluggish or not at all.
Applications that use spreadsheets, menus, windows, and
so on send escape sequences to the terminal. Escape
sequences cannot be broken up by data going to the
printer. Output to the screen is given top priority, and
output to the printer is passed through only when nothing
is going to the screen, in order to ensure that escape
sequences are not broken up.
If control sequences similar to the auxon/auxoff sequences
are being printed, the sequences are incorrect. Make sure
you are configuring auxon/auxoff control sequences, not
transparent print on/off.
If you are experiencing flow-control problems, make sure
the terminal and port settings are the same as the printer
settings. Auxiliary port settings do not need to match the
terminal settings.
Finally, make sure you are using the right cable for your
printer, and that it provides the control signals your
printer requires. For more information, consult the printer
manual.
Technical Support
Comtrol has a staff of support technicians available to help
you. Before you call, please have the following information
available:
ItemYour System Information
Model number
Serial number
Interface type
I/O address and IRQ
Operating system
type and release
Device driver version
PC make, model, and
RocketPort is a registered trademark of the Comtrol
Corporation.
Other product and company names mentioned herein may
be the trademarks of their respective owners.
Comtrol Corporation makes no representations or
warranties with regard to the contents of this reference
card or to the suitability of any Comtrol product for any
particular purpose. Specifications subject to change
without notice. Some software or features may not be
available at the time of publication. Contact your reseller
for current product information.
2000033 Rev A
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