Compaq External RAID Controller & Subsystem Infortrend Operation Manual

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Infortrend
External RAID Controller & Subsystem
Generic Operation Manual
Revision 1.61
Firmware Version: 3.31
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(International headquarter) Infortrend Technology, Inc.
8F, No. 102 Chung-Shan Rd., Sec. 3 Chung-Ho City, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan
Tel: (886)-2-2226-0126 Fax: (886)-2-2226-0020
sales@infortrend.com.tw support@infortrend.com.tw www.infortrend.com.tw
Americas
Infortrend Corporation
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Tel: (408) 988-5088 Fax: (408) 988-6288
sales@infortrend.com support@infortrend.com www.infortrend.com
China
Infortrend Technology, Limited
Room 1236 Tower C Corporate Square No. 35 Financial Street Xicheng District Beijing China 100032
Tel: (86)-10-88091540 Fax: (86)-10-88092126
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Europe
Infortrend Europe Limited
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Copyright © 2003
This Edition First Published 2003
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Infortrend Te chnology, Inc.
Disclaimer
Infortrend Technology makes no representations or war ranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Furthermore, Infortrend Technology reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the content hereof without oblig­ation to notify any person of such revisions or changes.
Product specifications are also subject to change without notice.
Trademarks
Infortrend and the Infortrend logo are registered trademarks and SentinelRAID, EonRA ID, EonStor, RAIDWatch, and other names prefixed with “IFT” are trademarks of Infortrend Technology, Inc.
PowerPC is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation a nd Motorola Inc.
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DEC and Alpha are registered trademarks of Compaq Computer Corp. (formerly of Digital Equipment Corporation). Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT and MS -DOS a re registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.
Novell and NetWare are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. SCO, OpenServer, and UnixWare are trademarks or registered trademarks of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.
Solaris is a trademark of SUN Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the U.S. and other countries. All other names, brands, products or services are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
RMA Policy
Please visit our websites
(www.infortrend.com/www.infortrend.com.tw/ww.infortrend.com.cn/ www.infortrend-europe.com) where our RM A policy is given a
detailed explanation.
Supported Models
This manual supports the following Infortrend controllers/subsystems:
SentinelRAID: SCSI-based external RAID controllers (including the 5.25” full-height and 1U canister configuration)
EonRAID: Fibre-based external RAID controllers (including the 5.25” full-height and 1U canister configuration)
EonStor: subsystems that come with SCSI or Fibre host channels.
IFT-6230 and 6330 series ATA RAID subsystems.
Printed in Taiwan
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 RAID Functions: An Introduction
1.1 Logical Drive...................................................................................................1
1.2 Logical Volume...............................................................................................1
What is a logical volume?..................................................................................1
1.3 RAID Levels.....................................................................................................2
What are the RAID levels? ................................................................................ 2
NRAID................................................................................................................3
JBOD.................................................................................................................3
RAID 0...............................................................................................................4
RAID 1...............................................................................................................4
RAID (0+1).........................................................................................................4
RAID 3...............................................................................................................5
RAID 5...............................................................................................................5
1.4 Spare Drives ...................................................................................................6
Global and Local Spare Drives..........................................................................6
1.5 Identifying Drives...........................................................................................8
Flash Selected SCSI Drive................................................................................8
Flash All SCSI Drives ........................................................................................ 8
Flash All but Selected Drives.............................................................................8
1.6 Rebuild ............................................................................................................9
Automatic Rebuild and Manual Rebuild.............................................................9
1. Automatic Rebuild ........................................................................................9
2. Manual Rebuild...........................................................................................10
3. Concurrent Rebuild in RAID (0+1)..............................................................11
1.7 Logical Volume (Multi-Level RAID)............................................................. 12
What is a logical volume?................................................................................12
Spare drives assigned to a logical volume? ....................................................14
Limitations:.......................................................................................................15
Partitioning - partitioning the logical drive or partitioning the logical volume? .15
Different write policies within a logical volume?............................................... 16
RAID expansion with logical volume?..............................................................16
Different controller settings using logical volume? .......................................... 16
A logical volume with logical drives of different levels?...................................17
Multi-level RAID systems.................................................................................17
Chapter 2 RAID Planning
2.1 Considerations...............................................................................................1
2.2 Configuring the Array:................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Starting a RAID System...........................................................................5
2.3 Operation Theory ...........................................................................................7
2.3.1 I/O Channel, SCSI ID, and LUN .............................................................. 7
2.3.2 Grouping Drives into an Array .................................................................7
2.3.3 Making Arrays Available to Hosts............................................................9
2.4 Tunable Parameters.....................................................................................10
Chapter 3 Accessing the Array through Serial Port and Ethernet
3.1 RS-232C Serial Port....................................................................................... 1
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3.1.1 Configuring RS-232C Connection via Front Panel ..................................2
3.1.2 Starting RS-232C Terminal Emulation.....................................................3
3.2 Out-of-Band via Ethernet..............................................................................4
What Is the “Disk Reserved Space?”.................................................................4
Other Concerns..................................................................................................5
Web-Based Management..................................................................................5
Requirements.....................................................................................................5
3.2.1 Connecting Ethernet Port:........................................................................5
3.2.2 Configuring the Controller........................................................................6
3.2.3 NPC Onboard ..........................................................................................9
The SNMP_TRAP section ...............................................................................10
The EMAIL section...........................................................................................10
The BROADCAST section...............................................................................10
Chapter 4 LCD Screen Messages
4.1 The Initial Screen............................................................................................1
4.2 Quick Installation Screen...............................................................................1
4.3 Logical Drive Status.......................................................................................2
4.4 Logical Volume Status...................................................................................3
4.5 SCSI Drive Status ...........................................................................................4
4.6 SCSI Channel Status......................................................................................5
4.7 Controller Voltage and Temperature ............................................................6
4.8 Cache Dirty Percentage .................................................................................7
4.9 View and Edit Event Logs..............................................................................7
Chapter 5 LCD Keypad Operation
5.1 Power on RAID Enclosure ............................................................................1
5.2 Caching Parameters......................................................................................1
Optimization Modes ...........................................................................................1
Optimization Mode and Stripe Size....................................................................2
Optimization for Random or Sequential I/O .......................................................3
Write-Back/Write-Through Cache Enable/Disable ............................................3
5.3 View Connected Drives:................................................................................5
5.4 Creating a Logical Drive................................................................................6
Choosing a RAID Level:.....................................................................................6
Choosing Member Drives: .................................................................................6
Logical Drive Preferences:.................................................................................6
Maximum Drive Capacity:..................................................................................7
Spare Drive Assignments: .................................................................................7
Disk Reserved Space: .......................................................................................7
Write Policy:.......................................................................................................7
Initialization Mode: .............................................................................................7
Stripe Size:.........................................................................................................8
Beginning Initialization........................................................................................8
5.5 Creating a Logical Volume..........................................................................10
Initialization Mode ............................................................................................10
Write Policy......................................................................................................10
5.6 Partitioning a Logical Drive/Logical Volume .............................................12
5.7 Mapping a Logical Volume/Logical Drive to Host LUN.............................13
5.8 Assigning Spare Drive and Rebuild Settings.............................................14
Adding a Local Spare Drive .............................................................................14
Adding a Global Spare Drive............................................................................15
Rebuild Settings...............................................................................................15
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5.9 Viewing and Editing Logical Drives and Drive Members.........................16
Deleting a Logical Drive...................................................................................16
Deleting a Partition of a Logical Drive.............................................................. 17
Assigning a Name to a Logical Drive...............................................................18
Rebuilding a Logical Drive...............................................................................18
Regenerating Logical Drive Parity...................................................................19
Media Scan......................................................................................................20
Write Policy......................................................................................................21
5.10 Viewing and Editing Host LUNs................................................................. 22
Viewing and Deleting LUN Mappings..............................................................22
Pass-through SCSI Commands ......................................................................22
5.11 Viewing and Editing SCSI Drives...............................................................23
Scanning New SCSI Drive...............................................................................23
Identifying a Drive............................................................................................24
Deleting Spare Drive (Global / Local Spare Drive) ..........................................25
5.12 Viewing and Editing SCSI Channels .........................................................25
Redefining Channel Mode...............................................................................25
Setting a SCSI Channel’s ID - Host Channel...................................................26
Viewing IDs......................................................................................................26
Adding a Channel ID........................................................................................26
Deleting a Channel ID......................................................................................27
Setting a SCSI Channel’s Primary ID - Drive Channel ...................................27
Setting a SCSI Channel’s Secondary ID - Drive Channel ...............................28
Setting Channel Bus Terminator .....................................................................28
Setting Transfer Speed....................................................................................29
Setting Transfer Width..................................................................................... 30
Viewing and Editing SCSI Target - Drive Channel ..........................................30
Slot Number.....................................................................................................31
Maximum Synchronous Transfer Clock ..........................................................31
Maximum Transfer Width................................................................................31
Parity Check .................................................................................................... 32
Disconnecting Support.....................................................................................32
Maximum Tag Count.......................................................................................32
Restore to Default Setting................................................................................33
5.13 System Functions ....................................................................................... 34
Mute Beeper....................................................................................................34
Change Password ........................................................................................... 34
Changing Password.........................................................................................34
Disabling Password.........................................................................................35
Reset Controller...............................................................................................35
Shutdown Controller........................................................................................35
Controller Maintenance....................................................................................36
Saving NVRAM to Disks.................................................................................. 36
Restore NVRAM from Disks............................................................................36
5.14 Controller Parameters................................................................................. 37
Controller Name ..............................................................................................37
LCD Title Display Controller Name..................................................................37
Password Validation Timeout..........................................................................37
Controller Unique Identifier..............................................................................37
Controller Date and Time ................................................................................38
Time Zone .......................................................................................................38
Date and Time.................................................................................................39
5.15 SCSI Drive Utilities......................................................................................40
SCSI Drive Low-level Format ..........................................................................40
SCSI Drive Read/Write Test............................................................................41
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Chapter 6 Terminal Screen Messages
6.1 The Initial Screen............................................................................................1
6.2 Main Menu.......................................................................................................2
6.3 Quick Installation............................................................................................2
6.4 Logical Drive Status.......................................................................................4
6.5 Logical Volume Status...................................................................................5
6.6 SCSI Drive Status ...........................................................................................6
6.7 SCSI Channel’s Status...................................................................................7
6.8 Controller Voltage and Temperature ............................................................9
6.9 Viewing Event Logs on the Screen.............................................................10
Chapter 7 Terminal Operation
7.1 Power on RAID Enclosure .............................................................................1
7.2 Caching Parameters.......................................................................................1
Optimization Modes ...........................................................................................1
Optimization Mode and Stripe Size....................................................................3
Optimization for Random or Sequential I/O .......................................................3
Write-Back/Write-Through Cache Enable/Disable ............................................3
7.3 Viewing the Connected Drives......................................................................4
7.4 Creating a Logical Drive.................................................................................5
Choosing a RAID Level:.....................................................................................6
Choosing Member Drives: .................................................................................6
Logical Drive Preferences:.................................................................................6
Maximum Drive Capacity:..................................................................................6
Assign Spare Drives: .........................................................................................7
Disk Reserved Space ........................................................................................7
Logical Drive Assignments:................................................................................7
Write Policy........................................................................................................7
Initialization Mode ..............................................................................................8
Stripe Size..........................................................................................................8
7.5 Creating a Logical Volume...........................................................................10
7.6 Partitioning a Logical Drive/Logical Volume .............................................11
7.7 Mapping a Logical Volume to Host LUN ....................................................13
7.8 Assigning Spare Drive, Rebuild Settings...................................................15
Adding Local Spare Drive ................................................................................15
Adding a Global Spare Drive............................................................................16
7.9 Viewing and Editing Logical Drive and Drive Members ...........................16
Deleting a Logical Drive...................................................................................17
Deleting a Partition of a Logical Drive..............................................................17
Assigning a Name to a Logical Drive...............................................................17
Rebuilding a Logical Drive ...............................................................................18
Regenerating Logical Drive Parity....................................................................19
Media Scan......................................................................................................19
Write Policy......................................................................................................20
7.10 Viewing and Editing Host LUNs..................................................................21
Viewing or Deleting LUN Mappings .................................................................21
Edit Host-ID/WWN Name List..........................................................................21
Pass-through SCSI Commands.......................................................................21
7.11 Viewing and Editing SCSI Drives................................................................22
Scanning New Drive.........................................................................................23
Slot Number.....................................................................................................23
Drive Entry .......................................................................................................23
Identifying Drive ...............................................................................................23
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Deleting Spare Drive (Global / Local Spare Drive) ..........................................24
7.12 Viewing and Editing SCSI Channels ..........................................................25
Redefining Channel Mode...............................................................................25
Viewing and Editing SCSI IDs - Host Channel ................................................26
Viewing and Editing SCSI IDs .........................................................................26
Adding a SCSI ID (Primary/Secondary Controller ID) .....................................26
Deleting an ID..................................................................................................27
Setting a Primary Controller’s SCSI ID - Drive Channel..................................27
Setting a Secondary Controller’s SCSI ID - Drive Channel .............................28
Setting Channel Terminator.............................................................................28
Setting a Transfer Speed.................................................................................28
Drive Channel..................................................................................................28
Setting the Transfer Width............................................................................... 29
Viewing and Editing SCSI Target / Drive Channel........................................... 30
Slot Number.....................................................................................................30
Maximum Synchronous Transfer Clock ..........................................................31
Maximum Transfer Width................................................................................31
Parity Check .................................................................................................... 31
Disconnecting Support.....................................................................................32
Maximum Tag Count.......................................................................................32
Data Rate.........................................................................................................32
7.13 System Functions ........................................................................................ 34
Mute Beeper....................................................................................................34
Change Password ........................................................................................... 34
Changing the Password...................................................................................35
Setting a New Password..................................................................................35
Disabling the Password...................................................................................36
Reset Controller...............................................................................................36
Shutdown Controller........................................................................................36
7.14 Controller Parameters.................................................................................. 37
Controller Name ..............................................................................................37
LCD Title Display Controller Name..................................................................37
Saving NVRAM to Disks.................................................................................. 38
Restore NVRAM from Disks............................................................................38
Password Validation Timeout..........................................................................39
Controller Unique Identifier..............................................................................39
Set Controller Date and Time..........................................................................41
Time Zone .......................................................................................................41
Date and Time.................................................................................................41
7.15 Drive Information..........................................................................................42
View Drive Information.....................................................................................42
SCSI Drive Utilities ..........................................................................................42
SCSI Drive Low-level Format ..........................................................................43
SCSI Drive Read/Write Test............................................................................44
Chapter 8 Fibre Operation
8.1 Overview .........................................................................................................1
8.2 Major Concerns ..............................................................................................2
8.3 Supported Features ....................................................................................... 4
Fibre Chip..........................................................................................................4
Multiple Target IDs:............................................................................................4
Drive IDs:........................................................................................................... 5
In-band Fibre and S.E.S. Support:.....................................................................5
8.4 Configuration: Host and Drive Parameters .................................................6
Channel Mode: .................................................................................................. 6
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Primary and Secondary Controller IDs:..............................................................6
Redundant Controller Cache Coherency Channel (RCC Channel):..................7
View Channel WWN ..........................................................................................7
View Device Port Name List (WWPN)...............................................................8
View and Edit Fibre Drive...................................................................................8
User-Assigned ID (Scan SCSI Drive) ................................................................8
View Drive Information.......................................................................................9
View and Edit Host-Side Parameters.................................................................9
1. Fibre Channel Connection Type:................................................................10
View and Edit Drive-Side Parameters..............................................................10
2. Drive-Side Dual Loop:.................................................................................10
Controller Unique Identifier ..............................................................................11
Controller Communications over Fibre Loops .................................................12
8.5 Multi-Host Access Control: LUN Filtering..................................................14
Creating LUN Masks........................................................................................15
WWN Name List..............................................................................................16
Logical Unit to Host LUN Mapping...................................................................16
LUN Mask (ID Range) Configuration: ..............................................................18
Filter Type: Include or Exclude.........................................................................18
Access Mode: Read Only or Read/Write.........................................................19
Sample Configuration: .....................................................................................20
Configuration Procedure:.................................................................................20
Chapter 9 Advanced Configuration
9.1 Fault Prevention..............................................................................................1
S.M.A.R.T. .........................................................................................................1
9.1.1 Clone Failing Drive:..................................................................................2
Replace after Clone: ..........................................................................................2
Perpetual Clone: ................................................................................................3
9.1.2 S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology )........5
Configuration Procedure....................................................................................7
Enabling the S.M.A.R.T. Feature.......................................................................7
Examining Whether Your Drives Support S.M.A.R.T. .......................................7
Using S.M.A.R.T. Functions...............................................................................8
9.2 Host-side and Drive-side SCSI Parameters ...............................................11
Foreword: SCSI Channel, SCSI ID and LUN...................................................11
9.2.1 Host-side SCSI Parameters...................................................................11
Maximum Concurrent Host LUN Connection (“Nexus” in SCSI): ....................11
Number of Tags Reserved for each Host-LUN Connection: ...........................12
Maximum Queued I/O Count: ..........................................................................13
LUNs per Host SCSI ID ...................................................................................13
LUN Applicability:.............................................................................................13
Peripheral Device Type:...................................................................................14
In-band (SCSI or Fibre):...................................................................................14
Peripheral Device Type Parameters for Various Operating Systems:.............15
Cylinder/Head/Sector Mapping:.......................................................................16
9.2.2 Drive-side Parameters:..........................................................................18
SCSI Motor Spin-Up.........................................................................................18
SCSI Reset at Power-Up.................................................................................19
Disk Access Delay Time ..................................................................................20
SCSI I/O Timeout.............................................................................................20
Maximum Tag Count (Tag Command Queuing) .............................................21
Detection of Drive Hot Swap Followed by Auto Rebuild..................................22
SAF-TE and S.E.S. Enclosure Monitoring .......................................................22
Periodic Drive Check Time..............................................................................22
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Idle Drive Failure Detection ............................................................................. 23
Periodic Auto-Detect Failure Drive Swap Check Time....................................23
9.3 Monitoring and Safety Mechanisms........................................................... 25
Dynamic Switch Write-Policy...........................................................................25
View Peripheral Device Status ........................................................................25
Controller Auto-Shutdown - Event Trigger Option ...........................................26
9.4 Disk Array Parameters................................................................................. 27
Rebuild Priority.................................................................................................27
Verification on Writes.......................................................................................28
Chapter 10 Redundant Controller
10.1 Operation Theory ......................................................................................10-1
10.1.1 Setup Flowchart................................................................................10-2
10.1.2 Considerations Related to Physical Connection...............................10-2
SCSI-Based Controllers................................................................................10-2
Fibre-Based Controllers................................................................................10-3
10.1.3 Grouping Hard Drives and LUN Mapping.........................................10-4
Logical Drive, Logical Volume, and Logical Partitions..................................10-5
System Drive Mapping:.................................................................................10-6
Primary and Secondary IDs..........................................................................10-6
Mapping........................................................................................................10-7
10.1.4 Fault-Tolerance ................................................................................10-8
What Is a Redundant Controller Configuration?...........................................10-8
How does Failover and Failback Work?.......................................................10-9
A. Channel Bus............................................................................................10-9
B. Controller Failover and Failback............................................................10-11
C. Active-to-Active Configuration:..............................................................10-11
D. Traffic Distribution and Failover Process ..............................................10-12
Symptoms...................................................................................................10-13
Connection:.................................................................................................10-13
10.2 Preparing Controllers .............................................................................10-14
10.2.1 Requirements: ................................................................................10-14
Cabling Requirements:...............................................................................10-14
Controller Settings:.....................................................................................10-15
10.2.2 Limitations.......................................................................................10-16
10.2.3 Configurable Parameters................................................................10-16
Primary or Secondary.................................................................................10-16
Active-to-Active Configuration ....................................................................10-17
Active-to-Standby Configuration.................................................................10-17
Cache Synchronization...............................................................................10-17
Battery Support...........................................................................................10-17
10.3 Configuration...........................................................................................10-19
10.3.1 Via Front Panel Keypad..................................................................10-20
Redundant Configuration Using Automatic Setting ....................................10-20
Enable Redundant Controller .....................................................................10-20
Autoconfig...................................................................................................10-20
2. Controller Unique ID...............................................................................10-20
Redundant Configuration Using Manual Setting.........................................10-21
1. Enable Redundant Controller .................................................................10-21
2. Controller Unique ID...............................................................................10-21
Starting the Redundant Controllers ............................................................10-22
Creating Primary and Secondary ID...........................................................10-22
Drive Channel.............................................................................................10-22
Host Channel..............................................................................................10-23
Assigning a Logical Drive/Logical Volume to the Secondary Controller.....10-23
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Mapping a Logical Drive/Logical Volume to the Host LUNs .......................10-24
Front Panel View of Controller Failure........................................................10-25
When and how is the failed controller replaced?........................................10-25
10.3.2 Via Terminal Emulation...................................................................10-26
Redundant Configuration Using Automatic Setting.....................................10-26
Redundant Configuration Using Manual Setting.........................................10-28
Creating Primary and Secondary ID ...........................................................10-29
Assigning Logical Drives to the Secondary Controller................................10-29
Mapping a Logical Drive/Logical Volume to the Host LUNs .......................10-31
Terminal Interface View of Controller Failure..............................................10-32
What will happen when one of the controllers fails?...................................10-32
10.3.3 When and How Is the Failed Controller Replaced?........................10-32
Forcing Controller Failover for Testing........................................................10-34
RCC Status (Redundant Controller Communications Channel).................10-35
Secondary Controller RS-232.....................................................................10-35
Remote Redundant Controller ....................................................................10-35
Cache Synchronization on Write-Through..................................................10-35
Chapter 11 Record of Settings
11.1 View and Edit Logical Drives.........................................................................1
Logical Drive Information ...................................................................................1
Partition Information...........................................................................................2
11.2 View and Edit Logical Volumes.......................................................................3
Logical Volume Information ...............................................................................3
Partition Information...........................................................................................3
11.3 View and Edit Host LUN’s ................................................................................4
LUN Mappings ...................................................................................................4
Host-ID/WWN Name List...................................................................................4
11.4 View and Edit SCSI Drives ...............................................................................6
11.5 View and Edit SCSI Channels..........................................................................7
11.6 View and Edit Configuration Parameters .......................................................8
Communication Parameters..............................................................................8
PPP Configuration..............................................................................................8
Caching Parameters ..........................................................................................9
Host Side SCSI Parameters ..............................................................................9
Drive Side SCSI Parameters .............................................................................9
Disk Array Parameters.....................................................................................10
Redundant Controller Parameters ...................................................................10
Controller Parameters......................................................................................10
11.7 View and Edit Peripheral Devices..................................................................11
Set Peripheral Device Entry.............................................................................11
Define Peripheral Device Active Signal............................................................11
View System Information .................................................................................11
11.8 Save NVRAM to Disk, Restore from Disk......................................................12
11.9 RAID Security: Password...............................................................................12
RAID Security...................................................................................................12
Chapter 12 Array Expansion
12.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................1
12.2 Mode 1 Expansion: ..........................................................................................4
Adding Drives to a Logical Drive........................................................................4
Add-Drive Procedure .........................................................................................4
12.3 Mode 2 Expansion: ..........................................................................................7
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Copy and Replace Drives with Drives of Larger Capacity.................................7
Copy and Replace Procedure............................................................................7
12.4 Making Use of the Added Capacity: Expand Logical Drive.........................9
12.5 Expand Logical Volume................................................................................11
12.6 Configuration Example: Volume Extension in Windows 2000
®
Server....12
Appendix A LCD Keypad Navigation Map
Appendix B Firmware Functionality
Specifications ...........................................................................................................1
Basic RAID Management:........................................................................................1
Advanced Features:..................................................................................................2
Caching Operation: ..................................................................................................3
RAID Expansion:....................................................................................................... 4
On-line RAID Expansion...........................................................................................4
Fibre Channel Support:............................................................................................5
S.M.A.R.T. Support:..................................................................................................6
Redundant Controller:..............................................................................................6
Data Safety:...............................................................................................................7
System Security:....................................................................................................... 8
Environment Management: .....................................................................................9
SAF-TE/S.E.S. support.............................................................................................9
User Interface:......................................................................................................... 10
RAIDWatch on-board..............................................................................................10
RS-232C Terminal...................................................................................................10
Remote Manageability:...........................................................................................10
JBOD-Specific:........................................................................................................ 11
Others:.....................................................................................................................11
Appendix C System Functions: Upgrading Firmware
Upgrading Firmware.................................................................................................1
New Features Supported with Firmware 3.21........................................................1
Background RS-232C Firmware Download: ..........................................................1
Redundant Controller Rolling Firmware Upgrade:................................................1
Redundant Controller Firmware Sync-version:.....................................................2
Upgrading Firmware Using In-band SCSI + RAIDWatch Manager....................... 2
Upgrading Firmware Using RS-232C Terminal Emulation ...................................4
Appendix D Event Messages
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Functional Table of Contents
This functional table of contents helps you to quickly locate the descriptions of firmware functions.
Chapter 1 Functional Description
Page number
Identifying Drives 1-8 Flash Selected SCSI Drive 1-8 Flash All SCSI Drives 1-8
1.4.2
Flash All but Selected Drives 1-8 Automatic rebuild and manual rebuild 1-9 Automatic rebuild 1-9
1.4.3
Manual rebuild 1-10
1.4.4
Concurrent Rebuild in RAID (0+1) 1-11
Chapter 3 Out-of-Band via Serial Port and
Ethernet
Page number
Communication Parameters: configuring RS-232 connection
3-1
Configuring Ethern et connection: reserved space and portIP3-6
NPC Onboard 3-9
Chapter 4 LCD Screen Messages
Page number
View and Edit Event Logs 4-7
Chapter 5 / Chapter 7
Starting RAID via the LCD Panel/Terminal Emulation
Page number: LCD/ Terminal
Starting RAID Configuration
Caching Parameters 5-1/7-1 Optimization mode and stripe size 5-2/7-3 Optimization for sequential or random I/O 5-3/7-3
5.2/7.2
Write-Back/Write-Through Cache Enable/Disable 5-3/7-3
5.3/7.3
Viewing Connected Drives 5-5/7-4 Creating a Logical Drive 5-6/7-5 Choosing a RAID Level 5-6/7-6 Choosing Member Drives 5-6/7-6 Maximum Drive Capacity 5-7/7-6 Spare Drive Assignments 5-7/7-7 Logical Drive Assignments 7-7 Disk Reserved Space 5-7/7-7 Write Policy 5-7/7-7 Initialization Mode 5-7/7-8
5.4/7.4
Stripe Size 5-8/7-8 Creating a Logical Volume 5-10/7-10
5.5/7.5
Initialization Mode 5-10/7-10
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Write Policy 5-10/7-10
5.6/7.6
Partitioning a Logical Drive/Logical Volume 5-12/7-11
5.7/7.7
Mapping a Logical Drive/Logical Volume to Host LUN 5-13/7-13 Assigning Spare Drive, Rebuild Settings 5-14/7-15 Adding a Local Spare Drive 5-14/7-15 Adding Global Spare Drive 5-15/7-16
5.8/7.8
(Logical Drive) Rebuild Settings 5-15
Viewing and Editing Logical Drives and Drive Members
5-16/7-16
Deleting a Logical Drive 5-16/7-17 Deleting a Partition of a Logical Drive 5-17/7-17 Assigning a Logical Drive Name 5-18/7-17 Rebuilding a Logical Drive 5-18/7-18 Regenerating Logical Drive Parity 5-19/7-19 Media Scan 5-20/19
5.9/7.9
Write Policy 5-21/20
Viewing and Editing Host LUNs
5-22/7-21
Viewing and Deleting LUN Mappings 5-22/7-21
5.10/7.10
Pass-through SCSI Commands 5-22/7-21
Viewing and Editing SCSI Drives
5-23/7-22 Scanning a New SCSI Drive 5-23/7-23 Identifying a Drive 5-24/7-23
5.11/7.11
Deleting Spare Drive (Global/Local Spare Drive) 5-25/7-24
Viewing and Editing SCSI Channels
5-25/7-25 Viewing and Re-defining Channel Mode 5-25/7-25 Setting Channel ID/Host Channel 5-26/7-26 Viewing channel ID 5-26/7-26 Adding a Channel ID 5-26/7-26 Deleting a Channel ID 5-27/7-27 Setting a Channel’s Primary ID/Drive Channel 5-27/7-27 Setting a Channel’s Secondary ID/Drive Channel 5-28/7-28 Setting a SCSI Channel’s Terminator 5-28/7-28 Setting the Transfer Speed 5-29/7-28 Setting the Transfer Width 5-30/7-29 Viewing and Editing a SCSI Target/Drive Channel 5-30/7-30 Slot Number 5-31/7-30 Maximum Synchronous Transfer Clock 5-31/7-31 Maximum Transfer Width 5-31/7-31 Parity Check 5-32/7-31 Disconnecting Support 5-32/7-32 Maximum Tag Count 5-32/7-32 Restoring the Default Setting (SCSI Bus) 5-33
5.12/7.12
Data Rate 7-32
System Functions
5-34/7-34 Mute Beeper 5-34/7-34 Change Password 5-34/7-34 Disabling the Password 5-35/7-36 Reset Controller 5-35/7-36 Shutdown Controller 5-35/7-36
Saving Configuration Data
Saving NVRAM to Disks 5-36/7-38
5.13/7.13
Restore NVRAM from Disks 5-36/7-38
Controller Parameters
5-37/7-37 Controller Name 5-37/7-37 LCD Title Display Controller Name 5-37/7-37 Time Zone 5-38/7-41 Date and Time 5-39/7-41
5.14/7.14
Setting Password
Page 15
xv
Password Validation Timeout 5-37/7-39
Controller Unique Identifier
5-37/7-39
SCSI Drive Utilities
5-40/7-42
Low-level format 5-40/7-43
5.15/7.15
Read/Write test 5-41/7-44
Chapter 8 Fibre Operation
Page number
Host and Drive Parameters
8-6
View and Edit Fibre Channel
8-6 Channel Mode 8-6 Primary and Secondary Controller IDs 8-6 Communications Channel (for cache coherency) 8-7 View Channel WWN 8-7 View Device Port Name List (WWPN) 8-8
View and Edit Fibre Drives
8-8 User-Assigned ID (Scan Fibre Drive) 8-8 View Drive Information 8-9 View and Edit Host-side Parameters 8-9 Fibre Connection Types 8-10 View and Edit Drive-side Parameters 8-10 Connecting Drives with Dual Loop 8-10 Controller Unique Identifier 8-11
8.5
Controller Communications over Fibre Loops 8-12
Multi-host Access Control: LUN Filtering
8-14 Creating LUN Masks 8-15 WWN Name List 8-16 Logical Unit to Host LUN Mapping 8-16 LUN Mask (ID Range) Configuration 8-18 Filter Type: Include or Exclude 8-18 Access Mode: Read Only or Read/Write 8-19
8.5
Configuration Procedure 8-20
Chapter 9 Advanced Configurations
Page number
9.1 Fault Prevention
9-1 Clone Failing Drive 9-2 Replace after Clone 9-2 Perpetual Clone 9-3
S.M.A.R.T. with enhanced features
9-5 S.M.A.R.T. Features (Enabling S.M.A.R.T.) 9-7 “Detect Only” 9-7 "Detect, Perpetual Clone" 9 -7
9.1.2
“Detect, Clone + Replace” 9-8
9.2 Host-side & Drive-side SCSI Parameters
9-11
Host-side SCSI Parameters
9-11 Number of Tags Reserved for each Host-LUN Connection
9-12
Maximum Queued I/O Count 9-13 LUNs per Host SCSI ID 9-13 LUN Applicability 9-13 Peripheral Device Type 9-14 In-band SCSI/Fibre 9-14 Peripheral Device Type for Various Operating Systems 9-15
9.2.1
Peripheral Device Type Settings 9-15
Page 16
xvi
Cylinder/Head/Sector Mapping 9-16
Drive-side Parameters
9-18 SCSI Motor Spin-up 9-18 SCSI Reset at Power-up 9-19 Disk Access Delay Time 9-20 SCSI I/O Timeout 9-20 Maximum Tag Count (Tag Command Queuing) 9-21 Detection of Drive Hot Swap Followed by Auto Rebuild 9-22 SAF-TE and S.E.S. Enclosure Monitoring 9-22 Periodic Drive Check Time 9-22 Idle Drive Failure Detection 9-23
9.2.2
Periodic Auto-Detect Swap Check Time 9-23
Monitoring and Safety Mechanisms
9-25 Dynamic Switch Write-Policy 9-25 View Peripheral Device Status (enclosure modules) 9-25
9.3
Controller Auto-Shutdown – Event Trigger Option 9-26
Logical Drive Integrity - Disk Array Parameters
9-27 Rebuild Priority 9-27
9.4
Verification on Writes 9-28
Chapter 10 Redundant Controller Configuration
Page number:
LCD/Terminal
10.3 Configuration
10-19
Via Front Panel Key pad
10-20 Redundant Configuration Using Automatic Setting 10-20 Redundant Configuration Using Manual Setting 10-21 Starting the Redundant Controllers 10-22 Creating Primary and Secondary IDs 10-22 Assigning a Logical Drive/Logical Volume to the Secondary Controller
10-23
Mapping a Logical Drive/Lo gical Volume to the Host LUNs
10-24
Front Panel View of Controller Failure 10-25
10.3.1
When and How is the Failed Co ntroller Replaced 10-25
Via Terminal Emulation
10-26 Redundant Configuration Using Automatic Setting 10-26 Redundant Configuration Using Manual Setting 10-28 Creating Primary and Secondary IDs 10-29 Assigning a Logical Drive/Logical Volume to the Secondary Controller
10-29
Mapping a Logical Drive/Lo gical Volume to the Host LUNs
10-31
10.3.2
Terminal View of Controller Failure 10-32 When and How is the Failed Co ntroller Replaced 10-34 Forcing Controller Failure for Testing 10-35 RCC status (RCC channels) 10-35 Secondary Controller RS-232 10-35 Remote Redundant Controller 10-35
10.3.3
Cache Synchronization on Write-Through 10-35
Chapter 12 Array Expansion
Page number
12.1 RAID Expansion
12-1
12.2 Mode 1 Expansion: Adding Drive to a logical drive
12-4
Page 17
xvii
12.3 Mode 2 Expansion: Copy & Replace Drive with drives
of larger capacity
12-7
12.4
Expand Logical Drive (Making use of the added capacity)
12-9
12.5
Expand Logical Volume 12-11
12.6
Example: RAID Expansion in Windows 2000 12-12
Appendix C Controller Maintenance
Page number:
Upgrading Firmware
C-1
New Featur es Supported with Firmware 3.21
C-1 Background RS-232 Firmware Download C-1 Redundant Controller Rolling Firmware Download C-1 Redundant Controller Firmware Sync-version C-2
Upgrading Firmware Using In-band SCSI + RAIDWatch Manager
C-2
Establish the In-band SCSI connection in RAIDWatch Manager
C-2
Upgrade Both Boot Record and Firmware Binaries C-3 Upgrade the Firmware Binary Only C-4
Upgrading Firmware Using RS-232 Terminal Emulation
C-4
Establishing the connection for the RS-232 Terminal Emulation
C-5
Upgrading Both Boot Record and Firmware Binaries
C-5 Upgrading the Firmware Binary Only C-6
Page 18
xviii
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1 - 1 RAID Levels..................................................................................1-2
Chapter 2
Table 2 - 1 RAID Levels..................................................................................2-4
Table 2 - 1 Controller Parameter Settings....................................................2-10
Chapter 8
Table 8 - 1 Supported Configurations with Redundant Controller:............................. 8-8
Chapter 9
Table 9 - 1 Peripheral Device Type Parameters .........................................9-15
Table 9 - 2 Peripheral Device Type Settings: ..............................................9-16
Table 9 - 3 Cylinder/Head/Sector Mapping under Sun Solaris....................9-16
Chapter 10
Table 10 - 1 ID Mapping Status (Normal Operation)..................................10-10
Table 10 - 2 ID Mapping Status (Controller Failed) ....................................10-10
List of Figures
Chapter 1
Figure 1 - 1 Logical Drive................................................................................1-1
Figure 1 - 2 NRAID.........................................................................................1-3
Figure 1 - 3 JBOD...........................................................................................1-3
Figure 1 - 4 RAID 0.........................................................................................1-4
Figure 1 - 5 RAID 1.........................................................................................1-4
Figure 1 - 6 RAID (0+1)..................................................................................1-4
Figure 1 - 7 RAID 3.........................................................................................1-5
Figure 1 - 8 RAID 5.........................................................................................1-5
Figure 1 - 9 Local (Dedicated) Spare .............................................................1-6
Figure 1 - 10 Global Spare .............................................................................1-6
Figure 1 - 11 Global Spare Rebuild................................................................1-6
Figure 1 - 13 Automatic Rebuild.....................................................................1-9
Figure 1 - 14 Manual Rebuild .......................................................................1-10
Figure 1 - 15 Logical Volume........................................................................1-12
Figure 1 - 16 Logical Drive Composed of 24 Drives.....................................1-13
Figure 1 - 17 Logical Volume with 4 Logical Drives......................................1-13
Figure 1 - 18 Logical Volume with Drives on Different Channels.................1-14
Page 19
xix
Chapter 2
Figure 2 - 1 Optimization Setting.....................................................................2-3
Figure 2 - 2 Array Configuration Process........................................................2-5
Figure 2 - 3 SCSI ID/LUNs..............................................................................2-7
Figure 2 - 4 Connecting Drives .......................................................................2-7
Figure 2 - 5 Physical locations of drive members ...........................................2-8
Figure 2 - 6 Partitions in Logical Configurations .............................................2-8
Figure 2 - 7 Mapping Partitions to Host ID/LUNs............................................2-9
Figure 2 - 8 Mapping Partitions to LUNs under ID..........................................2-9
Chapter 5
Figure 5 - 1 Drive Space Allocated to the Last Partition ...............................5-17
Chapter 7
Figure 7 - 1 Drive Space Allocated to the Last Partition ...............................7-17
Chapter 8
Figure 8 - 1 Storage Pool..............................................................................8-14
Figure 8 - 2 Host-LUN Mapping....................................................................8-15
Figure 8 - 3 LUN Mask..................................................................................8-15
Figure 8 - 4 LUN Filtering - Configuration Sample........................................8-20
Chapter 9
Figure 9 - 1 SCSI ID/LUNs............................................................................9-11
Chapter 10
Figure 10 - 1 Redundant Controller Configuration Flowchart .......................10-2
Figure 10 - 2 Dual-Controller Using SCSI-Based Controllers.......................10-2
Figure 10 - 3 Dual-Controller Configuration Using Fibre-Based Controllers.10-3
Figure 10 - 4 Grouping Hard Drives..............................................................10-6
Figure 10 - 5 Partitioning of Logical Units.....................................................10-6
Figure 10 - 6 Mapping System Drives (Mapping LUNs) ...............................10-7
Figure 10 - 7 Mapping System Drives (IDs)..................................................10-8
Figure 10 - 8 Redundant Controller Channel Bus.........................................10-9
Figure 10 - 9 Controller Failover .................................................................10-10
Figure 10 - 10 Traffic Distribution................................................................10-12
Figure 10 - 11 Controller Failover ...............................................................10-13
Chapter 12
Figure 12 - 1 Logical Drive Expansion..........................................................12-3
Figure 12 - 2 Expansion by Adding Drive......................................................12-4
Figure 12 - 3 Expansion by Copy & Replace................................................12-7
Page 20
xx
About This Manual
This manual provides all of the nec essary information tha t a system administrator needs to configure and maintain one of Infortrend’s external RAID controllers or subsystems. For hardware-related information, please refer to the Hardware Manual that came with your RAID controller. Also available is the User’s Manual for the Java-based GUI RAID manager for remote and concurrent management of RAID systems.
The order of the chapters is arranged in accordance with the steps necessary for creating a RAID.
The terminal screen displays as well as the LCD messages may vary when using controllers running different firmware versions.
Chapter 1 introduces basic RAID concepts and configurations,
including RAID levels, logical drives, spare drives, and the use of logical volumes. It is recommended that users unfamiliar with RAID technologies should read this chapter before creating a configuration.
Chapter 2 tells the user how to begin with a RAID. At the
beginning of this chapter, we raise some basic questions of which the user should know the answers prior to creating a RAID.
Chapter 3 teaches the user how to configure the RS-232C
terminal emulation interface and the connection through a LAN port.
Chapter 4 helps the user to understand screen messages on the
LCD display.
Chapter 5 gives step-by-step instructions on creating a RAID
using the LCD keypad panel.
Chapter 6 teaches the user how to interpret the information
found on the RS-232 terminal emulation.
Chapter 7 gives step-by-step instructions on how to create a
RAID via the RS-232 session.
Chapter 8 includes all the Fibre channel-specific functions
implemented since the firmware release 3.12.
Chapter 9 provides the advanced options for RAID
configuration. Some of the new functions from firmware release 3.11 and above are given the detailed explanations in this chapter.
Chapter 10 addresses the concerns regarding the redundant
controller configuration and the configuration process.
Chapter 11 provides the recording forms with which a system
administrator can make a record of his configuration.
Chapter 12 shows how to expand a configured array or logical
volume.
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xxi
Appendix A outlines the menu structure of the LCD front panel
operation.
Appendix B lists the important firmware features supported with
the firmware version, arranged in accordance with the latest firmware version as of press date.
Appendix C teaches the user how to upgrade firmware and boot
record.
Appendix D lists all of the controller event messages.
Firmware Version & Other Information
Firmware version: 3.31E and above Part number for this manual: M0000U0G16 Date: 6/25/03
Revision History:
Version 1.0:
initial release
Version 1.1:
added redunda nt c ontroller configuration
Version 1.2:
Added host-side and drive-side SCSI parameters
added S.M.A.R.T. with implemented Fault­Prevention methods.
added system functions
added Fault-bus configuration to be compatible with 3101 and 3102 series
added Host-side interface installation details
added Event Messages for error message identification
added all advanced functions available since 2.23K and 3.11F upward
added a functional table of content for quick searching functions
moved SCSI/Fibre Cable Specifications to Hardware Manual
Version 1.3:
added Chapter 8 "Fibre Operation" for the new functions available since firmware release 3.12.
Page 22
xxii
Version 1.4: added firmware features available with
firmware revisions 3.14, 3.15, and 3.21
revised details about redundant controllers,
host LUN mapping, etc.
modified string definitions in Chapter 14 "In-band SCSI Drives and Utilities" section
Corrected descriptions of "Controller Unique Identifier"
Added the configuration pr ocess for out-of­band configuration via LAN port
Version 1.5:
Removed Chapter 14
Revised the descriptions for some functional items
Added firmware features available from
revision 3.25
Version 1.61:
Added features available by revision 3.31
Removed Appendix E
Moved array expansion to Chapter 12
Added variable stripe size, write policy per array
Added media scan
Added controller immediate array availability, time zone, date and time setting
Added IO channel diagnostics
Added controller Auto-Shutdown and cache-flush mechanisms
Added system monitoring via enclosure modules
Added disabling cache coherency using write-through mode
Added descriptions about new firmware utility items
Added details about enabling RAIDWatch and its sub-modules via Ethernet port
Page 23
Functional Description
1-1
Logical Drive
12
3
RAID Functions: An Introduction
Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks, or RAID, offers the following advantages: Availability, Capacity, a nd Performance. Choosing the right RAID level and drive failure management can increase Capacity and Performance, subsequently increasing Availability. Infortrend's external RAID controllers provide complete RAID functionality and enhanced drive failure management.
1.1 Logical Drive
Figure 1 - 1 Logical Drive
The advantages mentioned above are achieved by creating “logical drives.” A logical drive is an array of independent physical drives. The logical drive appears to the host as a contiguous volume, the same as a local hard disk drive does.
The following section describes the dif ferent methods to cre ate logical arrays of disk drives, such as spanning, mirroring and data parity. These methods are referred to as “RAID levels.”
1.2 Logical Volume
What is a logical volume?
The concept of a logical volume is very similar to that of a logical drive. A logical volume is the combination of one or several logica l drives. These logical drives are combined into a larger capacity using the RAID 0 method (striping). When data is written to a logical volume, it is first broken into data segments and then striped across different logical drives in a logical volume. Each logical drive
Chapter
ChapterChapter
Chapter
1
11
1
Page 24
Infortrend
1-2
then distributes data segments to its member drives according to the specific RAID level it is composed of.
The member logical drives can be composed of the same RAID level or each of a different RAID level. A logical volume can be divided into a maximum of 64 partitions. During operation, the host sees a non-partitioned logical volume or a pa rtition of a logical volume as one single physical drive.
1.3 RAID Levels
RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. Using a RAID storage subsystem has the following ad vantages:
Provides disk spanning by weaving all connected drives into one single volume.
Increases disk access speed by breaking data into several blocks when reading/writing to several drives in parallel. With RAID, storage speed increases as more drives are added as the channel bus allows.
Provides fault-tolerance by mir roring or parity operation.
What are the RAID levels?
Table 1 - 1 RAID Levels
RAID Level Description Capacity Data Availability
NRAID
Non-RAID N
RAID 0
Disk Striping N ==NRAID
RAID 1 (0+1)
Mirroring Plus Striping (if N>1)
N/2 >>NRAID
==RAID 5
RAID 3
Striping with Parity on dedicated disk
N-1 >>NRAID
==RAID 5
RAID 5
Striping with interspersed parity
N-1 >>NRAID
==RAID 5
RAID 10 (Logical Volume)
Striping with RAID 1 logical drives
/ >>NRAID
>>RAID 5
RAID 30 (Logical Volume)
Striping with RAID 3 logical drives
/ >>NRAID
>>RAID 5
RAID 50 (Logical Volume)
Striping with RAID 5 logical drives
/ >>NRAID
>>RAID 5
NOTE: Drives on different channels can be included in a logical drive and logical drives of different RAID levels can be used to
Page 25
Functional Description
1-3
2 GB Ha rd Drive
3 GB Ha rd Drive
1 GB Ha rd Drive
2 GB Ha rd Drive
2 + 3 + 1 + 2 = 8 GB Logical Drive
2 GB Har d Dr iv e
3 GB Har d Dr iv e
1 GB Har d Dr iv e
2 GB Har d Dr iv e
2 GB
3 GB
1 GB
2 GB
configure a logical volume. There are more combinations than RAID 10, 30, and 50.
RAID Level Performance Sequential Performance Random
NRAID
Drive Drive
RAID 0
R: Highest W: Highest
R: High W: Highest
RAID 1 (0+1)
R: High W: Medium
R: Medium W: Low
RAID 3
R: High W: Medium
R: Medium W: Low
RAID 5
R: High W: Medium
R: High W: Low
NRAID
Disk Spanning
Figure 1 - 2 NRAID
NRAID stands for Non-RAID. The capacity of all the drives is combined to become one logical drive (no block striping). In other words, the capacity of the logical drive is the total capacity of the physical drives. NRAID does not provide data redundancy.
JBOD
Single Drive Control
Figure 1 - 3 JBOD
JBOD stands for Just a Bunch of Drives. The controller treats each drive as a stand-alone disk, therefore each drive is an independent logical drive. JBOD does not provide data redundancy.
NRAID
Minimum Disks required
1
Capacity N Redundancy No
JBOD
Minimum Disks required
1
Capacity 1 Redundancy No
Page 26
Infortrend
1-4
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 Block 6 Block 7 Block 8
Block 1 Block 3 Block 5 Block 7
Block 2 Block 4 Block 6 Block 8
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 Block 6 Block 7 Block 8
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4
Mirror 1 Mirror 2 Mirror 3 Mirror 4
Mirrorin
g
Logical Drive
Physical Disks
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 Block 6 Block 7 Block 8
. .
Block 1 Block 3 Block 5 Block 7
Block 2 Block 4 Block 6 Block 8
Striping
Logical Drive
Physical Disks
. .
. .
Mirror 1 Mirror 3 Mirror 5 Mirror 7
Mirror 2 Mirror 4 Mirror 6 Mirror 8
. .
. .
Striping
Mirror
RAID 0
Disk Striping
Figure 1 - 4 RAID 0
RAID 0 provides the highest performance but no redundancy. Data in the logical drive is striped (distributed) across several physical drives.
RAID 1
Disk Mirroring
Figure 1 - 5 RAID 1
RAID 1 mirrors the data stored in one hard drive to another. RAID 1 can only be performed with two hard drives. If there are more than two hard drives, RAID (0+1) will be performed automatically.
RAID (0+1)
Disk Striping with Mirroring
Figure 1 - 6 RAID (0+1)
RAID (0+1) combines RAID 0 a nd RAID 1 ­Mirroring and Striping. RAID (0+1) allows multiple drive failure because of the full redundancy of the hard drives. If there are more than two hard drives assigned to perform RAID 1, RAID (0+1) will be automatically applied.
RAID 1
Disks required 2 Capacity N/2 Redundancy Yes
RAID 0
Minimum Disks required
2
Capacity N Redundancy No
RAID (0+1)
Minimum Disks required
4
Capacity N/2 Redundancy Yes
Page 27
Functional Description
1-5
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 Block 6 Block 7 Block 8
. .
Logical Drive
Ph
y
sical Disks
Block 1 Block 3 Block 5 Block 7
Block 2 Block 4 Block 6 Block 8
Striping
Parity (1,2) Parity (3,4) Parity (5,6) Parity (7,8)
Dedicated
Parity
. .
. .
. .
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3
Block 4 Block 5
Block 6 Block 7 Block 8
. .
Logical Drive Physical Disks
Block 1
Parity (3,4)
Block 6 Block 7
Block 2 Block 3
Parity (5,6)
Block 8
Parity (1,2)
Block 4 Block 5
Parity (7,8)
. .
. .
. .
Striping + non-dedicated Parity
IMPORTANT!
“RAID (0+1)” will not appear in the list of RAID levels supported by the controller. If you wish to perform RAID 1, the controller will determine whether to perform RAID 1 or RAID (0+1). This will depend on th e number of drives that has been selected for the logica l drive.
RAID 3
Disk Striping with Dedicated Parity Disk
Figure 1 - 7 RAID 3
RAID 3 performs Block Striping with Dedicated Parity. One drive member is dedicated to storing the parity data. When a drive member fails, the controller can recover/regenerate the lost data of the failed drive from the dedicated parity drive.
RAID 5
Striping with Interspersed Parity
Figure 1 - 8 RAID 5
RAID 5 is similar to RAID 3 but the parity data is not stored in one dedicated hard drive. Parity information is interspersed across the drive array. In the event of a failure, the controller can recover/regenerate the lost data of the failed drive from the other surviving drives.
RAID 30 an RAID 50 are implemented as logical volumes,
please refer to the proceeding discussions for more details.
RAID 5
Minimum Disks required
3
Capacity N-1 Redundancy Yes
RAID 3
Minimum Disks required
3
Capacity N-1 Redundancy Yes
Page 28
Functional Description
1-6
Logical Drive
12
3
X
LS
Local
Spare
Drive
When one member drive fails, the Local Spare Drive joins the logical drive and automatically starts to rebuild.
Logical Drive 0
Global Spare Drive
12
3
GS
Logical Drive 1
12
Logical Drive 2
12
3
4
Global Spare Drive
GS
1.4 Spare Drives
Global and Local Spare Drives
Figure 1 - 9 Local (Dedicated) Spare
Local Spare Drive is a standby drive assigned to serve one specified logical drive. When a member drive of this specified logical drive fails, the Local Spare Drive becomes a member drive and automatically starts to rebuild.
Figure 1 - 10 Global Spare
Global Spare Drive not only serves one specified logical drive. When a member drive from any of the logical drive fails, the Global Spare Drive will join that logical drive and automatically starts to rebuild.
Figure 1 - 11 Global Spare Rebuild
The external RAID controllers provide both Local Spare Drive and Global Spare Drive functions. On certain occasions, applying these two functions together will better fit various needs. Take note though that the Local Spare Drive always has
higher priority than the Global Spare Drive.
Global Spare Drives serve any logical drive.
When a member drive from any logical drive fails, the Global Spare Drive joins that logical drive and automatically starts to rebuild.
Page 29
Infortrend
1-7
A Local Spare always has higher priority than a Global Spare.
Figure 1 - 12 Mixing Local and Global Spares
Logical Drive 0
Local Spare Drive
12
3
LS
Logical Drive 1
12
Logical Drive 2
12
3
4
Global Spare Drive
GS
(9GB)
(9GB)
(9GB)(9GB)
(4GB)
(4GB) (4GB)
(4GB) (4GB)
(4GB) (4GB)
In the example shown below, the member of Logical Drive 0 are 9 GB drives, and the members in Logical Drives 1 and 2 are 4 GB drives.
It is not possible for the 4 GB Global Spare Drive to join Logical Drive 0 because of its insufficient capacity. However, using a 9GB drive as the Global Spare drive for a failed drive that comes from Logical Drive 1 or 2 will bring huge amount of excess capacity since these logical drives require 4 GB only. In the diagram below, the 9 GB Local Spare Drive will aid Logical Drive 0 once a drive in this logical drive fa ils. If the failed drive is in Logical Drive 1 or 2, the 4 GB Global Spare drive will immediately give aid to the failed drive.
Page 30
Functional Description
1-8
LED
LED
LED
LED
LED
R/W
1.5 Identifying Drives
Assuming there is a failed drive in the RAID 5 logical drive, make it a point to replace the failed drive with a new, healthy drive to keep the logical drive working.
If, when trying to remove a failed drive you mistakenly remove the wrong drive, you will no longer be able to access the logical drive because you have inadequately failed another drive.
To prevent this from happening, the controller pr ovides an easy way to identify the faulty drive. By forcing certain drive LEDs to light for a configurable period of time, the faulty drive can be identified, and thus reducing the chance of removing the wrong drive. This function is especially helpful in an installation site operating with hundreds of drives.
Flash Selected SCSI Drive
The Read/Write LED of the drive you selected will light steadily for a configurable period of time, from 1 to 999 seconds.
Flash All SCSI Drives
The Read/Write LEDs of all connected drives will light for a configurable period of time. If the LED of the defective drive did not light on the “Flash
Selected SCSI Drive” function, use “Flash All SCSI Drives” to verify the fault. If the “Flash All SCSI Drives” function is executed, and the defective drive’s LED still does not respond, it can be a drive tray problem or the drive is dead.
Flash All but Selected Drives
Except the selected drive, the Read/Write LEDs of all connected drives will light for a configurable period of time r anging from 1 to 999 seconds. If an administrator can not be sure of the exact location of specific drive, this function will help to indicate where it is. This can prevent removal of the wrong drive when a drive fails and is about to be replaced.
The drive identifying function can be selected from “Main Menu”/”View and Edit SCSI Drives”/”Identify SCSI Drives.”
LED Steadily ON
LED Steadily ON
LED Steadily ON
LED Steadily ON
LED Steadily ON
R/W LED
R/W LED
R/W LED
R/W LED
LED Steadily ON
Page 31
Infortrend
1-9
1.6 Rebuild
Automatic Rebuild and Manual Rebuild
1. Automatic Rebuild
Figure 1 - 13 Automatic Rebuild
Rebuild with Spare:
When a member drive in a logical drive fails, the controller will first examine whether there is a Local Spare Drive assigned to this logical drive. If yes, rebuild is automatically started.
If there is no Local Spare available, the controller will search for a Global Spare. If there is a Global Spare, rebuild automatically begins using the Global Spare.
Failed Drive Swap Detect:
If neither Local Spare Drive nor Global Spare Drive is available, and the "Periodic Auto-Detect Failure Drive Swap Check Time" is "Disabled," the controller will not attempt to rebuild unless the user applies a forced-manual rebuild.
When the "Periodic Auto-Detect Failure Drive Swap Check Time" is "Enabled" (i.e., a check time interval has been selected), the controller will detect whether a faulty drive has been swapped (by checking the failed drive's channel/ID). Once the failed drive has been replaced by a healthy drive, the rebuild will begin immediately.
One member drive fails in logical drive
Any
local spare drive
assigned to logical
drive?
Any
global spare drive
assigned to logical
drive?
“Periodic
Auto-Detect Failure
Drive Swap Check Time”
enabled?
Has the
failed drive been
swapped?
Waiting for spare drive to be added or manual rebuild
Rebuild using the
swapped drive
Rebuild using the
local spare drive
Rebuild using the global spare drive
Keep detecting if drive has been swapped or
spare drive has been
added
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
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If the failed drive is not swapped but a local spare is add ed to the logical drive, rebuild will begin with the spare.
If the S.M.A.R.T. function is enabled on drives and the reaction scheme is selected for securing data on a failing drive, spare will also be used for restoring data. Please refer to Chapter 9, Advanced Functions, for more details.
2. Manual Rebuild
When a user applies forced-manual rebuild, the controller will first examine whether there is any Local Spare assigned to the logical drive. If yes, it will automatically start to rebuild.
If there is no Local Spare available, the controller will search for a Global Spare. If there is a Global Spare, logical drive rebuild will be automatically conducted.
Figure 1 - 14 Manual Rebuild
I If none of the spares are available, the controller will examine the SCSI channel and ID of the failed drive. Once the failed drive has been replaced by a healthy one, it starts to rebuild using the new drive. If there is no available drive for rebuilding, the controller will not attempt to rebuild until the user applies another forced-manual rebuild.
User applies
forced-manual
Any
Local Spare Drive
assigned to this
logical drive?
Yes
Yes
Rebuild using the
Local Spare Drive
Any
Global Spare Drive
assigned to this
logical drive?
Rebuild using the
Global Spare Drive
No
No
Wait for
manual rebuild
Yes
Has the failed drive
been re
p
laced?
Rebuild using the
replaced drive
No
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3. Concurrent Rebuild in RAID (0+1)
RAID (0+1) allows multiple drive failures and rebuild to be concurrently conducted on more than one of its members. Drives newly swapped must be scanned and set as Local Spares. These drives will be used for rebuild at the same time (you do not need to repeat the rebuild process for each member drive).
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1.7 Logical Volume (Multi-Level RAID)
What is a logical volume?
Figure 1 - 15 Logical Volume
Logical
Volume
Logical
Drive
Logical
Drive
Logical
Drive
…..
…..
…..
…….
…….
…….
…….
…….
…….
Physical Drives
Physical Drives
Physical Drives
A logical volume is a combination of RAID 0 (Striping) and other RAID levels. Data written to a logical volume is first broken into smaller data segments and striped across different logical drives in a logical volume. Each logical drive then distributes data segments to its member drives according to its mirroring, parity, or striping scheme. A logical volume can be divided into a maximum of eight partitions. During normal operation, the host sees a non-partitione d logical volume or a partition of a partitioned logical volume as one single physical drive.
The benefits of using a logical volume have been achieved by:
1.
Extending the MTBF (mean time between failure) by using more redundancy drives (spare drives).
2.
Decreasing the time to rebuild and reducing the chance of data loss by simultaneous drive failures because drives are included in different drive groups using a multi-level logical structure.
3.
Avoiding the chance of data loss by channel bus failure with flexible drive deployment.
As diagramed below, numerous drives can be included in a logical drive, and one of them is used f or redundancy. By grouping these drives into several logical drives, and then into a logical volume, chance of failing two drives in a logical unit is greatly reduced. Each logical drive can have one or more local spares. A failed drive can be immediately replaced by a local spare, reducing the risk of losing data if another should fail soon afterwards.
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Figure 1 - 16 Logical Drive Composed of 24 Drives
RAID 5 Logical Drive
24 drives, 1 redundancy drive
Configuration A - One logical drive with all 24 drives
As illustrated above, Configuration A is a RAID 5 logical drive consisting of 24 physical drives. Configuration B is a logica l volume made of four RAID 5 logical drives.
Figure 1 - 17 Logical Volume w i th 4 Logical Drives
Configuration B can help to reduce the chance of encountering points of failure:
a) Higher Redundancy: Configuration A has one dedicated spare, while Configuration B allows the configuration of four spares. In Configuration B, the risk of simultaneous drive failure in a logical drive is significantly reduced than in Configuration A. The total array capacity is comparatively smaller by the use of spares.
b) Less Rebuild Time: The time during rebuild is a time of hazard. For example, a RAID 5 logical drive can only withstand single drive failure, if another drive fails during the rebuild process, data will be lost. The time span for rebuilding a faulty drive should be
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minimized to reduce the possibility of having two drives to fail at the same time.
Configuration A is a large logical drive and takes a long time to rebuild. All members will be involved during the rebuild process. In Configuration B, the time span is shorter beca use only 6 membe rs will participate when rebuilding any of the logical drives.
c) Channel Failure Protection: Channel failure may sometimes result from absurd matters like a cable failure. A channel failure will cause multiple drives to fail at the same time and inevitably lead to a fatal failure. Using a logical volume with drives coming from different drive channels can get around this point of failure.
Figure 1 - 18 Logical Volume with Dri ves on Different
Channels
Logical Volume
24 drives, 4 redundancy drive
Configuration C - One logical volume with 4 logical drives
Logical Volume
RAID 5 Logical
Drive
RAID 5 Logical
Drive
RAID 5 Logical
Drive
RAID 5
Logical
Drive
               
               
               
               
               
               
CH1
CH1/ID0
CH1/ID1
CH1/ID2
CH1/ID3
CH3
CH3/ID0
CH3/ID1
CH3/ID2
CH3/ID3
CH4
CH4/ID0
CH4/ID1
CH4/ID2
CH4/ID3
CH5
CH5/ID0
CH5/ID1
CH5/ID2
CH5/ID3
 
 
 
 
CH2
CH2/ID0
CH2/ID1
CH2/ID2
CH2/ID3
CH6
CH6/ID0
CH6/ID1
CH6/ID2
CH6/ID3
As illustrated above, should one of the drive channels fail, each logical drive loses one of its members. Logical drives still have the chance to rebuild its members. Data remains intact a nd the rebuild can be performed after the failed channel is recovered. No access interruptions to the logical volume will be experienced from the host side.
Spare drives assigned to a logical volume?
A Local Spare can not be assigned to a Logical Volume. If a drive fails, it fails as a member of a logical drive; therefore, the controller allows Local Spare's assignment to logical drives rather than logical volumes.
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Limitations:
The logical volume can not have any logical drive stated as "fatal failed.” If there is any failed drive in any of its member logical drives, controller will start to rebuild that logical drive. Should any of the member logical drives fail fatally, the logical volume fails fatally and data will not be accessible.
To avoid a logical volume failure:
1.
Logical drives as members to a logical volume should be configured in RAID levels that provide redundancy - RAID levels 1 (0+1), 3, or 5.
2.
Rebuild the logical drive as soon as possible whenever a drive failure occurs. Use of local spares is recommended.
3.
A logical drive should be composed of physical drives from different drive channels. Compose the logical drive with drives from different drive channels to avoid the fatal loss of data caused by bus failure.
Partitioning - partitioning the logical drive or partitioning the logical volume?
Once a logical drive has been divided into partitions, the logical drive can no longer be used as a member of a logical volume. The members of a logical volume should have one partition only with the entire capacity.
If you want to use a partitioned logical drive for a logical volume, delete the other partitions in this logical drive until there remains one partition only with the entire capacity. Mind that deleting the partition of the logical drive will also destroy all data. Data should be backed up before making partition configuration.
When a logical drive is used as a member to a logical volume, this logical drive can no longer be partitioned in “View and Edit Logical Drives.” Instead, the Logical Volume can be partitioned into 8 in “View and Edit Logical Volume.”
The procedure for partitioning a logical volume is the same as that for partitioning a logical drive. After the logical volume has been partitioned, map each partition to a host ID/LUN to make the partitions available as individual drives.
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Different write policies within a logical volume?
As members of a logical volume, all logical drives will be forced to adopt a consistent write policy. Whenever the write policy of a logical volume is changed, for example, the corresponding setting in its members will also be changed.
RAID expansion with logical volume?
The Logical Volume can also be expanded using the RAID expansion function. The concept of expanding a logical volume is similar to that of expanding a logical drive. To perform RAID expansion on a logical drive, replace each member physical drive with a drive of larger capacity or add a new drive, then perform logical drive expansion to utilize the newly-added capacity. For information about RAID expansion, please refer to Chapter 9 "Advanced Configurations."
To perform RAID expansion on a logical volume, expand each member logical drive, then perform “RAID Expansion” on the logical volume.
Steps to expand a Logical Volume:
1. E xpand each member logical drive.
2. E x pand the logical volume.
3. M ap the newly-added capac ity (in the form of a new pa rtition)
to a host LUN.
IMPORTANT!
If a logical unit has already been partitioned, and you wish to expand its capacity, the added capacity will be appended to th e last partition. You will not be able to proceed with expansion using firmware version earlier than 3.27 when the unit already has 8 partitions.
Unless you move your data and merge two of the partit ions, you will be not allowed to expand your logical volume. This is a precautionary limitation on logical unit expansion.
Different controller settings using logical volume?
Redundant Controller:
Without logical volume - logical drives can be assigned to the
primary or the secondary controller. The host I/Os directed to a logical drive will be managed by the controller which owns the
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logical drive. If a controller fails, the host I/Os originally assigned to the failed controller will be taken over by the existing controller. When the controller fails back (failed controller being replaced by a new one), logical drives will be returned to the replacement controller in its original configuration.
With logical volume - logical volumes can also be assigned to different controllers. The only difference is logical volumes will be used as base units when shifting control during controller failure.
A logical volume with logical drives of different levels?
Multi-level RAID systems
1.
RAID (0+1)
- this is a standard feature of Infortrend RAID controllers. It brings the benefits of RAID 1 (high availability) and RAID 0 (enhanced I/O performance through striping). Simply choose multiple drives (more than two) to compose a RAID 1 logical drive, RAID (0+1) will be automatically implemented.
2.
RAID (3+0)
- a logical volume is a multi-level RAID implementation by its own rights. A logical volume is a logical composition which stripes data across several logical drives (the RAID 0 method). A logical volume with several RAID 3 members can be considered as a RAID (3+0), or RAID 53 as defined in "The RAID Book" (from The RAID Advisory Board).
3.
RAID (5+0)
- a logical volume with several RAID 5 members.
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RAID Planning
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RAID Planning
This chapter summarizes the procedures and provides some useful tools for first-time configuration:
2.1 Considerations: things you should know before setting up
2.2 Configuring the
Array:
the most common configuration procedure
2.3 Operation Theory: the theory behind data bus and system drive mapping
2.4 Functional Table of
Contents
a useful tool that helps you to quickly locate a firmware function
2.1 Considerations
After you understand the basic ideas behind RAID levels, you may still be wondering about how to begin. Here are the answers to some questions that may help you through the decision making.
1. How many physical drives do you have?
When initially creating the drive groups, you should know how many drives you have in your RAID system or in the JBOD attached to the RAID controlling unit.
2. How many drives on each drive channel?
The optimal system planning is always a compromise between pros and cons. As a general rule, the number of drives you should connect on each channel equals the data bus bandwidth divided by the maximum transfer rate you can get from each of your hard drives. Knowing the mechanical performance of your hard drives can help to determine how many drives should be connected over a dr ive channel.
Always use fast and large drives of the same capacity for your disk array. A logical drive composed of an adequate number of
Chapter
ChapterChapter
Chapter
2
22
2
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larger drives can be more efficient than that of many but smaller drives.
3. How many drives would you like to appear to the host computer?
It must be decided what capacity will be included in a logical configuration of drives, be it a logical drive or a logical volume. A logical configuration of drives will appear to the host as a single capacity volume.
You may compose a large logical volume consisting of drives on different drive channels, and have it partitioned into smaller partitions. Each partition will appear as an independent capacity volume. In a per formance -oriented conf iguration, you may configure the same number of drives into several RAID 0 logical drives just to get the most out of the array performance.
4. What kind of host application?
The frequency of read/wr ite activities can vary from one host application to another. The application can be a SQL server, Oracle server, Informix, or other data base server of a transaction-based nature. Applications like video playba ck and video post-production editing require read/write activities of larger files coming in a sequential order.
Choose an appropriate RAID level for what is the most important for a given application – capacity, availability, or performance. Before c reating your RAID, you need to choose an optimization scheme and optimize each array/c ontroller for your application. Stripe size and write policy can be adjusted on a per logical drive basis.
5. Dual loop, hub, or switch?
Unpredictable situations like a cable coming loose can cause system down time. Fibre channel dual loop or redundant data paths using flexible LUN mapping method can guarantee there is no single point of failure. The use of Fibre channel hub or switch makes cabling and topology more flexible. Change the channel mode, connection type, a nd other a ssociated settings to adjust the controller to your demands.
6.
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Optimization Mode
Figure 2 - 1 Optimi z at i on Setting
You should select an optimization scheme be st suited to your applications before configuring a RAID array. Once the optimization mode is selected, it will be applied to all arrays managed by the RAID controller.
Two options are available: Sequential I/Os and Random I/Os. You may refer to the “Caching Parameters” section in Chapter 5 and Chapter 7 for the stripe size variables and its relations with RAID levels.
Numerous controller parameters are tuned for each optimization mode. Although stripe size c an be adjusted on a per logical drive basis, users are not encouraged to make a change to the default values.
For example, smaller stripe sizes are ideal for I/Os that are transaction-based and randomly accessed. However, using the wrong stripe size can cause proble ms. When an array of the 4KB stripe size receives files of 128KB size, each drive will have to write many more times to store data fragments of the size of 4KB.
Unlike the previous firmware versions, controller optimization mode can be changed without changing the array stripe size.
The default values in optimization modes guarantee the optimal performance for most applications. Consult Table 2-2 for all the controller parameters that are related to system performance and fault- tolerance.
7. What RAID level?
Different RAID levels provide varying levels of performance and fault tolerance.
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Table 2 - 1 RAID Levels
RAID Level Description Capacity Data Availability
NRAID Non-RAID N N/A RAID 0 Disk Striping N ==NRAID RAID 1 (0+1) Mirroring Plus Striping (if N>1) N/2 >>NRAID
==RAID 5
RAID 3 Striping with Parity on
dedicated disk
N-1 >>NRAID
==RAID 5
RAID 5 Striping with interspersed
parity
N-1 >>NRAID
==RAID 5 Logical Volume
Striping one or more logical drives of different RAID levels
* Higher; depends
on its members
RAID Level Performance Sequential Performance Random
NRAID Drive Drive RAID 0 R: Highest
W: Highest
R: High W: Highest
RAID 1 (0+1) R: High
W: Medium
R: Medium W: Low
RAID 3 R: High
W: Medium
R: Medium W: Low
RAID 5 R: High
W: Medium
R: High W: Low
Logical Volume Depends on its members;
see above
Depends on its members
8. Any spare drives?
(Swap Drive Rebuild / Spare Drive Rebuild) Spare drives allow for the unattended rebuilding of a failed drive, heightening the degree of fault tolerance. If there is no spare drive, data rebuild has to be manually initiated by replacing a failed drive with a healthy one.
As is often ignored, a spare drive (whe ther ded icated or global) must have a capacity no smaller than the members of a logical drive.
9. Limitations?
Firmware 3.31 and above support 64-bit LBA. A maximum of 64TB capacity can be included in single logical drive.
Up to 128 members can be included in each logical drive. Extreme array sizes can cause operational problems with
system backup and should be avoided.
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2.2
Configuring the Array:
2.2.1 Starting a RAID System
Here is a flowchart illustrating basic steps to be taken when configuring a RAID system. Hardware installation should be completed before any configuration takes place.
Figure 2 - 2 Array Conf iguration Process
Drives must be configured and the controller properly initialized before a host computer can access the storage capacity.
1. Use the LCD panel, terminal program, or the RAIDWatch manager to start configuring your array.
2. When powered on, the controller scans all the hard dr ives that are connected through the drive channels. If a hard drive is connected after the controller completes initialization, use the "Scan SCSI Drive" function to let the controller recognize its presence.
3. Optimize controller's parameters for your applications.
4. Configure one or more logical drives to contain your hard drives based on the desired RAID level, and/or partition the logical drive or logical volume into one or several partitions.
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NOTE:
A "Logical Drive" is a set of drives grouped tog ether to operate under a given RAID level and it appears as a single contiguous volume. The controller is capable of grouping drives into as many as 128 logical drives, configured in the sa me or different RAID levels.
A total of 32 "Log ical Volumes" can be crea ted each from one or several logical drives. A logical drive or logical volume can be divided into a maximum of 64 "Partitions."
5. The next step is to make logical drives or storage partitions available through the host ports. When associated with a host ID or LUN number, each capacity volume appears as one system drive. The host SCSI or Fibre adapter will recognize the system drives after the host bus is re-initialized.
6. The last step is to save your configuration profile in the host system drive or to the logical drives you created.
The controller is totally independent from host operating system. Host operating system will not be able to tell whether the attached storage is a physical hard drive or the virtual system drives created by the RAID controller.
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2.3 Operation Theory
2.3.1 I/O Channel, SCSI ID, and LUN
Depending on the interface used by a RAID system, a SCSI drive channel (SCSI bus) can conne ct up to 15 drives (excluding the RAID controller itself). A Fibre channel 125 drives in a loop. Each device occupies one unique ID.
Figure 2 - 3 SCSI ID/LUNs
The figure on the left illustrates the idea of mapping a system drive to host ID/LUN combinations. The host ID is like a cabinet, and the drawers are the LUNs (LUN is short for Logical Unit Number). Each cabinet (host ID) can have up to 32 drawers (LUNs). Data can be made a vaila ble thr ough one of the LUNs of a host ID. Most host adapters treat a LU N like another device.
2.3.2 Grouping Drives into an Array
Figure 2 - 4 Connecting Drives
The physical connection of a RAID controller should be similar to the one shown above. Drives are c onnected through I/O paths that have been designated as drive channels.
The next diagram shows two logica l configurations of drive s and the physical locations of its members. Using drives from different channels can lower the risk of fatal failure if one of the drive channels should fail. There is no limitation on the locations of spares.
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Figure 2 - 5 Physical locations of drive members
A drive can be assigned as the Local Spare Drive that serves one specific logical drive, or as a Global Spare Drive that participates in the rebuild of any logical drive. Spares automa tically joins a logical drive when a drive fails. Spares are not applica ble to logical drives that have no data redundancy (NRAID and RAID 0).
Figure 2 - 6 Partitions in Logical Configurations
You may divide a logical drive or logical volume into partitions of desired capacity, or use the entire capacity as single volume.
1. It is not a requirement to partition any logical configuration. Partitioning helps to manage a massive c apacity.
2. Note that a logical drive can not be included in a logical volume if it has already been partitioned.
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2.3.3 Making Arrays Available to Hosts
Figure 2 - 7 Mapping Partitions to Host ID/LUNs
Host ID mapping is a process that associates a logical configuration of drives with a host channel ID/LUN. To avail logical partitions on host channel(s), map each pa rtition to a host ID or one of the LUNs under host IDs. Each ID or LUN will appear to the host adapter as one virtual hard drive.
There are alternatives in mapping for different purposes:
1. Mapping a logical configuration to IDs/LUNs on d ifferent host channels allows two host computers to access the same array. This method is applicable when the array is shared in a clustering backup.
2. Mapping partitions of an array to IDs/LUNs across separate host channels can distribute workload over multiple data paths.
3. Mapping across separa te host channels also helps to make use of all bandwidth in a multi-path configuration. Firmware automatically manages the process when one data pa th fails a nd the workload on the failed data path has to be shifted to the existing data paths.
Figure 2 - 8 Mapping Partitions to LUNs under ID
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2.4 Tunable Parameters
Fine-tune the controller and the array parameters for your host applications. Although the factory defaults guara ntee the optimiz ed controller operation, you may refer to the table below to facilitate tuning of your array. Some of the performance a nd fault-tolerance settings may also be changed later during the preparat ion process of your disk array.
Take this table as a check list and make sure you have each item set to an appropriate value.
Table 2 - 2 Controller Parameter Settings
➀➀➀➀
Parameters that should be configured at the initial stage of system configuration
➁➁➁➁
Parameters that can be changed later
➂➂➂➂
Non-critical
User-Defined Parameters
Default Alternate Settings
Fault Management:
Automatic Logical
Drive Rebuild - Spare Drive
Enabled when Spare Drive is available
RAID 1 + Local Spare RAID 3 + Local Spare RAID 5 + Local Spare Global Spare
S.M.A.R.T.
Disabled Detect Only
Perpetual Clone Clone + Replace
Clone Failing Drive
Manual function Replace After Clone
Perpetual Clone
Rebuild Priority
Low (higher priority requires more system resource)
Low Normal Improved High
Verification on Write
Disabled On LD Initialization
On LD Rebuild On Normal Drive Writes
SDRAM ECC
Disabled Enabled
Event Notification
Reports to user interface and onboard alarm
Over Dial-out Modem Over SNMP Trap Over Java-Based Management Software
System Events
System default Upper and Lower event triggering
thresholds configurable
Controller:
Channel Mode
* Host, Drive, RCCOM, Drive +
RCCOM
Host and Drive channel IDs
**
Controller Unique
Identifier
Preset on some models
hex number from 0 to FFFFF (FW 3.25 and above)
Data rate
Auto Depends on problems solving
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Date and time
N/A
Time zone
+ 8 hrs
Optimization Mode:
Write-back Cache
Enabled Disabled
Array stripe size
Related to controller general setting
4KB to 256KB
Optimization for
Random/Sequential
Sequential Either (sequential for LD larger than
512MB and can not be changed)
Array write policy
Related to controller general setting
W/B or W/T
SCSI Parameters:
Data Transfer Rate
* Async. To 100.0MHz
Maximum Tag Count
32 1-128
Maximum Queued
I/O Count
32 32 to 1024
LUN’s per SCSI ID
8Up to 32
Periodic Drive Check
Time
Disabled Enabled
Periodic SAF-TE and
SES Device Check Time
5 Disabled to 60 seconds
Periodic Auto-Detect
Failure Drive Swap Check Time
Disabled 5 to 60 seconds
Number of Host-LUN
Connection
32 1 to 1024
Tag per Host-LUN
Connection
32 1 to 256
Wide Transfer
* Enabled/Disabled
Parity Chec k
Disabled Enabled
Spin-Up Parameters:
Motor Spin-Up
Disabled Enabled
Reset at Power-U P
Enabled Disabled
Initial Disk Access
Delay
* None to 75 seconds
Fibre Channel Parameters:
Fibre Connection
Options
* Loop Only
Point-to-Point Only Loop Preferred Point-to-Po int Preferred
Fibre Channel Dual-
Loop
Enabled Enabled by cabling
Host ID/WWN name
list
* User configurable
LUN Filtering
* Host Access Filter Control
Configurable - filter type - access right - name
RCC through Fibre
channel
* Dedicated or sharing drive channel(s)
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Array Configuration:
Disk reserved space
256MB 64KB – backward compatible
Array assignment
Primary controller
Secondary controller
Array partitioning
1Up to 64
Others:
Password
N/A User-D efined; Password
Validation Timeout: 1 to Always Check Configurable
LCD Display
Controlle r Name
N/A User-Defined
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Out-of-Band via Serial Port and Ethernet
3-1
Accessing the Array through Serial Port and Ethernet
3.1 RS-232C Serial Port
Infortrend’s controllers and subsystems can be configured via a PC running a VT-100 terminal emulation program, or a VT-100 compatible terminal. RAID enclosures usually provide one or more DB-9 RS-232C ports. Simply use an RS-232C cable to connect between the controller/enclosure’s RS-232C port and the PC serial (COM) port.
Make sure you use the included null modem (IFT-9011) to convert the serial port signals. A null modem might have been provided inside your enclosure. The Null Modem has the serial signals swapped for connecting to a standard PC serial interface.
The following are guidelines on using the serial port:
The serial port’s default is set at 38400 baud, 8 bit, 1 stop bit and no parity. Use the COM1 serial port of the controller.
In most ca ses, connecting RD, TD, and SG is enough to establish the communication with a terminal.
If you are using a PC as a terminal, any VT-100 terminal emulation software will suffice. Microsoft
®
Windows includes a terminal emulation program as presented with the “(Hyper) Terminal” icon in the Acc e ssories window.
For other details of connecting serial port, please refer to the Hardware Manual that came with your controller.
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3.1.1 Configuring RS-232C Connection via Front Panel
Take the following steps to change the baud rate using the front panel keypad:
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Configuration ..", then press ENT.
Select "Communication Parameters ..", then press ENT.
Select "RS-232 Configuration ..", then press ENT.
Select "COM1 Configuration ..", then press ENT.
Select "Baud-rate 38400 ..", then press ENT.
The baud rate default is 38400. If other baud rate is preferred, press or to select the baud rate, then press ENT for 2 seconds to confirm the selected baud rate. Set identical baud rate to your RAID array and your terminal computer.
The following baud rates are available: 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 and 38400.
Terminal connection should work properly using the above setting. You may check the following options in your COM port configuration if you encounter problems:
1. “Comm Route Dir ..”: The communication route should be
configured as “direct to port” instead of “through PPP”.
2. “Term Emul. Enab ..”: Make sure the terminal function has
not been accidentally disabled.
View and Edit Config Parms
Communication Parameters ..
RS-232C Configuration ..
COM1 Configuration ..
Baud-rate 38400 ..
Baud-rate 38400 Change to 19200?
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3.1.2 Starting RS-232C Terminal Emulation
The keys used when operating via the terminal are as follows:
←←←← →→→→ ↑↑↑↑ ↓↓↓↓
To select options
[Enter]
To go to a submenu or to execute a selected option
[Esc]
To escape and go back to the previous menu
[Ctrl] [L]
The controller will refresh the screen information
IMPORTANT!
If the RS-232C cable is connected while the controller is powered on, press [Ctrl] [L] to refresh the screen information.
The initial screen appears when the controller finishes self-test and is properly initialized. Use ↑↑↑ ↓↓↓↓ arrow keys to select terminal emulation mode, then press [ENTER] to enter the Main Menu.
Choose a functional item from the main menu to begin configuring your RAID.
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3.2 Out-of-Band via Ethernet
The RAIDWatch manager software provides graphical interface to the subsystem. Before you can access the RAID system using the software manager, your must:
1. Create a reserved space on your array(s)
2. Set up the related TCP/IP configurations to enable the Ethernet
port and the http service
3. FTP RAIDWatch program files to the controller IP address
What Is the “Disk Reserved Space?”
RAIDWatch and Reserved Space:
There is no need to install the RAIDWatch program to your management computer if you access the software using the controller Ethernet port. In order to simplify the installation process, system firmware already contains important software agents.
User’s configuration data and the manager’s main programs are kept in a small section of disk space on each data drive. The segregated disk space is called a “Disk Reserved Space.” When configuring a
logical drive, firmware automatically segregates a 256MB of disk space from each of the member drives.
Because the manager’s main program is run from the reserved space on drives, in the event of RAID controller failure, the manager interface can “failover” to a counterpart controller. Operators’ access to the system will not be interrupted.
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Other Concerns
Availability Concern:
For safety reason, it is better to create a reserved space on more than one logical drive.
Whatever data is put into the reserved space, firmware will automatically duplicate and distribute it to the reserved section on every data drive. Even if one hard drive or one logical drive fails, an exact replica still resides on other drives.
Web-Based Management
The controller firmware has embedded http server. Once properly configured, the controller/subsystem’s Ethernet port behaves like an HTTP server.
Requirements
1.
Controller/subsystem running
Firmware revision 3.21 and above
[3.25 onwards has embedded NPC (Notification Processing Center) support]
2. Management Station:
Pentium or above compatible (or equiva lent PC) running W indows NT 4/Windows 2000; Solaris 7 & 8 (SPARC, x86); AIX 4.3; or Red Hat Linux 6.1 (kernel v2.2.xx); Red Hat 7/8, SUSE 7, WIN95/98, or Windows Me/XP
3.
Standard Web Browser.
4. A management station (computer) accessing RAIDWatch manager must
support:
- TCP/IP
-
Java Runtime:
a package is bundled with RAIDWatch installer or
it can be downloaded from SUN Microsystems’ web site.
5. A static IP address
3.2.1 Connecting Ethernet Port:
Use a LAN cable to connect the Ethernet port(s) on the subsystem’s RAID controller unit(s). Use only shielded cable to avoid radiated emissions that may cause interruptions. Connect the cable between controller’s LAN port and a LAN port from your local network.
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3.2.2 Configuring the Controller
To prepare the controller for using the RAIDWatch manager, do the following:
1. Use a Terminal Emulator to Begin Configuration
Connect the subsystem’s serial port to a PC running a VT-100 terminal emulation program or a VT-100 compatible terminal.
Make sure the included Null Modem is already attached to enclosure serial port or the host computer’s COM port. The Null Modem converts the serial signals for connecting to a standard PC serial interface. For more details, please refer to the descriptions above in section 3.1.
2. Create a Reserved Space on Drives
Create one or more logical drives and the reserved space option will be automatically available. The default size is 256MB, and it is recommended to keep it as is. A reserved disk space will be formatted on every member drives.
If you delete a logical drive later, the reserved space will remain intact. Unless you manually remove the reserved space, data kept in it will be unaffected. These drives can later be used to create a new logical drive without making additional changes.
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When formatted, a meta-filesystem is created on the 256MB reserved space. A drive configured with a reserved space will be stated as a “formatted drive.”
3. Assign an IP Address to Ethernet Port:
Assign an IP address to the controller Ethernet port and specify the Net Mask and gateway values. Power off your system and then power on again for the configuration to take effect.
Select "View and Edit Configuration Parameters" from the main menu. Select "Communication Parameters" -> "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" -> press [ENTER] on the chip hardware address -> and then select "Set IP Address."
Provide the IP address, NetMask, and Gateway values accordingly.
PING the IP address fr om your management computer to make sure the li nk is up and running.
4. FTP Manager Programs to the Controller IP Address
There are several RAIDWatch programs that need to be FTP’ed to the controller IP address.
1. Necessary program files can be found in a zip file (GUI.zip) in the CD-
ROM that came with your machine. Unzip “grem.htm”, “grem.jar”, “grm.htm”, and “grm.jar” to your PC. Files are available in the following directory: X:\Java where X is the CD-ROM letter.
2. Open a DOS prompt. You may use an FTP program to complete the
same process. K ey in “ftp xx.xx.xx.xx” (controller IP address).
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3. Login as “root” and there is no password for the first login. Press Enter
to skip password entry.
4. Use the “put” command to transfer the following files:
put grm.htm put grm.jar put grem.htm put grem.jar
5. Proceed to install Java Run-time environment from the CD (If the
management station is a P4-based computer, it is required to install Java JRE ve rsion1.3. 1).
6. Reset the RAID subsystem using the Reset command for the
configuration to take effect.
5. Starting the Manager:
Start your web browser and enter the IP address assigned to the controller followed by “grm.htm” as your URL (e.g., http://xx.xx.xx.xx/grm.htm).
Enter the IP address followed by “grem.htm” to start Event Monitor.
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3.2.3 NPC Onboard
NPC is short for Notification Processing Center, a sub-module for use with system event notification.
To activate the NPC module, do the following:
1. Create an NPC configuration file (in a simple text file format) using a text editor program.
2. Save it in the name of “agent.ini”
3. FTP it to the controller IP address, and then reset the controller for the configuration to take effect.
Listed below is the sample configuration. Specify your configuration using simple defining parameters as shown below.
[SNMP_TRAP] ENABLED=0 (1=on; 0=off) SEVERITY=1 COMMUNITY=public RECEIVER1=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX,2 ("2" specifies the level of events to be received by this receiver) [EMAIL] ENABLED=0 SEVERITY=1 SUBJECT=Event Message SENDER_MAIL_BOX=XXXX@XXXXX.XXX SMTP_SERVER=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX RECEIVER1=XXXX@XXXXX.XXX,3 RECEIVER2=XXXX@XXXXX.XXX,1 RECEIVER3=XXXX@XXXXX.XXX,2 RECEIVER4=XXXX@XXXXX.XXX,1 [BROADCAST] ENABLED=0 SEVERITY=1 RECEIVER=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX, 1 RECEIVER=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX, 1
NOTE:
NPC will be automatically activated if any of the notifier settings (email, SNMP, or broadcast) is set to “enabled.”
The configuration file is comprised of three major sections: SNMP, Email and Broadcast. Each notifying method can be separately enabled or disabled.
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The SNMP_TRAP section
[SNMP_TRAP] – section header [ENABLED] – 1=enabled, 0=disabled (applies to this section only) [SEVERITY] - level of severity of the messages to be received:
1. notification, 2. warning, 3. alert. “1” covers events of all levels. “3” sends only the most serious events.) [COMMUNITY] – SNMP community name of the destination/ receiver [RECEIVER] – The IP address of the receiver computer. Add additional lines to specify multiple receivers. Up to 4 receivers can be configured.
The EMAIL section
[EMAIL] – section header [ENABLED] – 1=enabled, 0=disabled (applies to this section only) [SEVERITY] - level of severity of the messages to be received: notification, 2. warning, 3. alert. “1” covers events of all levels. “3” sends only the most serious events.) [SUBJECT] – add a topic to email. This can be used to specify the location of the RAID system, if there are many. [SENDER_MAIL_BOX] – a valid email address to be used as the “from” part of the email message. [SMTP_SERVER] – SMTP server used to send email. IP address only, do not enter a ho st name here. [RECEIVER#] – receiver’s email address. The receiver’s number followed by an “=” mark, an email address, “comma,” and the number to specify the message severity level. * * * *
The BROADCAST section
[BROADCAST] – section header [ENABLED] – 1=enabled, 0=disabled (applies to this section only) [SEVERITY] – level of severity of the messages to be received:
1. notification, 2. warning, 3. alert. “1” covers events of all levels. “3” only the most serious events will be broadcast.) [RECEIVER#] – The IP address of the receiver computer. Add additional lines to specify multiple receivers. Up to 4 receivers can be configured.
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LCD Screen Messages
4-1
LCD Screen Messages
4.1 The Initial Screen
Status/Data Transfer Indicator:
Ready There is at least one logical drive or logical volume
mapped to a host ID/LUN.
No Host LUN
No logical drive created or the logical drive has not yet been mapped to any host ID/LUN.
❚❚❚❚❚❚❚❚❚❚❚❚
Indicates data transfer. Each block indicates 256Kbytes of data throughput.
4.2 Quick Installation Screen
Press [ENT] to create a logical drive, the controller will start initialization of one logical drive with a ll the connected SCSI drives and automatically map the logical drive to LUN 0 of the first host channel. The “Quick Installation” can only be performed when there is no Logical Drive.
Product Model
Firmware Version
Status/Data Transfer Indicator
SR2500 v3.** Ready
Quick Logical Drive Install
¯
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4.3 Logical Drive Status
Logical Drive:
The Logical Drive number.
RAID level:
The RAID level used in this logical drive
Drive numbers:
The number of physical drives included in this configuration.
Logical Drive status:
XxxxMB The capacity of this logical drive. SB=x Standby drives available to this logical
drive. Except the spares dedicated to other logical configurations, all spare drive(s) will be counted in this field, including Global
and Local Spares. xxxxMB INITING The logical drive is now initializing. xxxxMB INVALID For firmware version before 3.31:
The logical drive has been created with
“Optimization for Sequential I/O”, but the
current setting is “Optimization for
Random I/O.”
-OR-
The logical drive has been created with
“Optimization for Random I/O,” but the
current setting is “Optimization for
Sequential I/O.”
Firmware version 3.31 has separate settings
for array optimization and array stripe size.
This message will not appear when the
optimization mode is changed. xxxxMB GD SB=x The logical drive is in good condition. xxxxMB FL SB=x One drive failed in this logical drive. xxxxMB RB SB=x Logical Drive is rebuilding. xxxxMB DRVMISS One of the drives is missing. INCOMPLETE
ARRAY
Two or more drives failed in this logical
drive.
LG=0 RAID5 DRV=3 2021MB GD SB=1
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 2021MB GD SB=1
Number of drivesRAID level
Logical Drive
Logical Drive status
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4.4 Logical Volume Status
Logical Volume:
The Logical Volume number.
DRV=x:
The number of logical drive(s) contained in this logical volume.
Logical Volume ID:
The unique ID number of the logical volume (controller random gener ated).
Logical Volume Status: xxxMB
The capacity of this logical volume.
DRV=X:
The number of member logical drive(s) in this logical volume.
LV=0 ID=09816DE9
00002021MB DRV=1
Number of drives
Logical Volume
Volume capacity
Logical Volume
ID Status
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LCD Screen Messages
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4.5 SCSI Drive Status
Drive Status: LG=x IN
Initializing
LG=x LN
On-line (already a member of a logical configuration)
LG=x RB
Rebuilding
LG=x SB
Local Spare Drive
GlobalSB
Global Spare Drive
NEW DRV
New drive
BAD DRV
Failed drive
ABSENT
Drive does not exist
MISSING
Drive missing (drive was once there)
SB-MISS
Spare drive missing
C=1 I=0 LG=0 LN
C=1 I=0 1010MB LG=0 LN SEAGATE
Drive Capacit
y
SCSI Channel
Logical Drive
Number
SCSI ID
Drive Status
Drive Vendor
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4.6 SCSI Channel Status
Channel Mode:
Host Host Channel mode Drive Drive Channel mode
Default SCSI Bus Sync Clock:
80.0M The default setting of this channel is
80.0MHz in Sy nc hronous mode
Async The default setting of this SCSI channel
is in Asynchronous mode
Primary Controller SCSI ID Mapping:
* Multiple SCSI ID’s applied (Host
Channel mode only)
(ID number)
Primary Controller is using this SCSI ID for host LUN mapping.
NA No SCSI ID applied (Drive Channel
mode only)
Secondary Controller SCSI ID Mapping:
* Multiple SCSI ID’s applied (Host
Channel mode only)
(ID number)
Secondary Controller is using this SCSI ID for host LUN mapping.
NA No SCSI ID applied (Drive Channel
mode only)
CH0=Host = SID=NA
CH0=Host PID
=*
SID=NA SXF=80.0M
SCSI ID
Channel
Mode
Channel Number
Default Bus
Sync. Clock
Secondary Controller
SCSI ID Mapping
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LCD Screen Messages
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4.7 Controller Voltage and Temperature
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Peripheral Dev,” then press ENT.
Press or to select "Ctlr Peripheral Device Config..”, press ENT and then choose “View Ctlr Periph Device Status..”, then press ENT.
Press or to c hoose either “Voltage Monitor”, or “Tempera ture Monitor”.
Select “Temperature and Voltage Monitor” by pressing Enter. Press or to browse through the various voltage and temperature statuses.
View and Edit Peripheral Dev
Voltage Monitor ..
[+12V] 12.077V O
p
eration Normal
[CPU] 43.5
°
C
in Safe Range
[CPU] 43.5
°
C
in Safe Range
View Ctlr Periph Device Status..
[+3.3V] 3.384V Operation Normal
[+5v] 4.938v Operation Normal
[+12v] 12.077v Operation Normal
[Board]46.5
°
C
in Safe Range
Ctlr Peripheral Device Config..
Temperature Monitor ..
[Board1]46.5
°
C
in Safe Range
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4.8 Cache Dirty Percentage
The LCD panel indicates the cache dirty percentage. The amber­colored “busy” light blinking on front panel also indicates that the cache is being accessed.
4.9 View and Edit Event Logs
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Event Logs,” then press ENT.
Press or to browse through the existing event log items.
To delete a specified item and all events prior to this event, press ENT for 2 seconds.
IMPORTANT!
The event log will be cleared after th e controller is powered off or reset.
View and Edit Event Logs
UPS Power Failure Detected
Press 2 Seconds to Clear Events
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Front Panel Operation
5-1
LCD Keypad Operation
5.1 Power on RAID Enclosure
Before you start to configure a RAID system, make sure that hardware installation is completed before any configuration takes place. Power on your RAID enclosure.
5.2 Caching Parameters
Optimization Modes
Mass storage applications can be categorized into two a ccording to its read/write characteristics: database and video/imaging. To optimize the controller for these two categories, the controller has two embedded optimization modes with controller behaviors adjusted to different read/write parameters. They are the Optimization for Random I/O and the Optimization for Sequentia l I/O.
Limitations:
There are limitations on the use of optimization
modes.
1. You can select the stripe size of each array ( logical drive) during the initial configuration. However, changing stripe size is only recommended for experienced engineers who have tested the effects tuning stripe sizes for different applications.
2. The array stripe size can only be changed during the initial configuration process.
3. Once the controller optimization mode is applied, access to
different logical drives in a RAID system will follow the same optimized pattern. You can change the optimization mode later without having to re-organize your ar r ay.
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Database and Transaction-based Applications:
This kind of applications usually include SQL server, Orac le server, Informix, or other data base services. These applications keep the size of each transact ion down to the minimum, so that I/Os can be rapidly processed. Due to its transaction-based nature, these applications do not read or write a bunch of data in a sequential order. Access to data occ urs ra ndomly. The tra nsac tion size usually ranges from 2K to 4K. Transaction performance is measured in “I/Os per second” or “IOPS.”
Video Recording/Playback and Imaging Applications:
This kind of applications usually includes video playback, video post-production editing, or other similar applications. These applications have the tendency to read or write large files from and into storage in a sequential order. The size of each I/O can be 128K, 256K, 512K, or up to 1MB. The efficiency of these applications is measured in “MB/Sec.”
When an array works with applications such as video or image oriented applications, the application reads/writes from the dr ive a s large-block, sequential threads instead of small and randomly accessed files.
The controller optimization modes have read-ahead buffer and other R/W characteristics tuned to obtain the best perf ormance for these two major application categories.
Optimization Mode and Stripe Size
Each controller optimization mode ha s preset values for the stripe size of arrays created in different RAID levels. If you want a different value for your array, you may change the controller optimization mode, reset the controller, and then go back to create the array. Once the array is created, stripe size can not be changed.
Using the default value should be sufficient for most applications.
Opt. For Sequential I/O Opt. for Random I/O
RAID0 128 32 RAID1 128 32 RAID3 16 4 RAID5 128 32
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Front Panel Operation
5-3
Optimization for Random or Sequential I/O
Select from main menu “View and Edit Config Parms,” “Caching Parameters,” and press ENT. Choose “Optimization for Random I/O” or “Optimization for Sequential I/O,” then press ENT for two seconds to confirm. Press ESC to leave and the setting will take effect after the controller is restarted.
IMPORTANT!
The original 512GB threshold on array optimization mode is canceled. If the size of an array is larger than 16TB, only the optimization for sequential I/O can be applied. Logical drives of this size are not practical; therefore, there is actually no limitation on the optimization mode and array capacity.
Write-Back/Write-Through Cache Enable/Disable
As one of the submenus in "Caching Parameters," this option controls the cached write function. Press ENT to enable or disable “Write-Back Cache.” Press ENT for two seconds to confirm. The current status will be displayed on the LCD.
The Write-through mode is safer if your controller is not configured in a redunda nt pair and there is no battery backup.
Write-back caching can dramatically improve write performance by caching the unfinished writes in memory and let them be committed to drives in a more efficient manner. In the event of power failure, a battery module can hold cached data for days. In the event of controller failure, data cached in the failed controller has an exact replica on its counterpart controller and therefore remains intact.
Optimization I/O Random ..
Caching Parameters ..
Optimization for Sequential I/O?
Write-Back Cache Enabled ..
Disable Write
-Back Cache ?
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IMPORTANT!
Every time you change the Caching Parameters, you must reset the
controller for the changes to take effect.
In the Redundant Controller configuration, write-back will only be
applicable when there is a synchronized cache channel between partner controllers.
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Front Panel Operation
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5.3 View Connected Drives:
A RAID system consists of many physical drives that can be modified and configured as the members of one or several logical drives.
Press the front panel ENT button for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Use or to navigate through the menus. Choose "View and Edit SCSI Drives," then press ENT.
Use or to scroll down the list of connected drives’ informat ion sc reens.
You may first examine whether there is any drive installed but not shown here. If there is a drive installed but not listed, the drive may be defective or not installed correctly, please check your enclosure installation and contact your system vend or .
Press ENT on a drive. Choose "View Drive Information" by pressing ENT. Use or to navigate through the screens.
The Revision Number of the selected SCSI drive will be shown. Press to see other information.
Other information screens include "Serial Number" and "Disk Capacity" (displayed in blocks- each block equals 512K Bytes).
IMPORTANT!
Drives of the same brand/model/capacity might not have the same block number.
The basic read/write unit of a hard drive is block. If members of a logical
drive have different block numbers (capacity), the smallest block number will be taken as the maximum capacity to be used in every drive. Therefore, use drives of the same capacity.
You may assign a Local/Global Spare Drive to a logical drive whose
members has a block number equal or smaller than the Local/Global Spare Drive but you should not do the reverse.
View and Edit SCSI Drives
C=2 I=0 1010MB New DRV SEAGATE
View Drive Information ..
Revision Number: 0274
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5.4 Creating a Logical Drive
To create a logical drive, press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Use or to navigate through the menus. Choose "View and Ed it Logica l Drives," and then press ENT.
Press or to select a logical drive entry, then press ENT for two seconds to proceed. "LG" is short for Logical Drive.
Choosing a RAID Level:
Press or to choose the desired RAID level, then press ENT for two seconds. "TDRV" (Total Drives) refers to the number of available SCSI drives.
Choosing Member Drives:
Press ENT for two seconds, a message, “RAID X selected To Select drives”, will prompt. Confirm your selection by pressing ENT.
Press ENT, then use or to browse through the available drives. Press ENT again to select/deselect the drives. An asterisk (*) mark will appear on the selected drive(s). To deselect a drive, press ENT again on the selected drive. The (*) mark will disappear. "C=1 I=0" refers to " Channel 1, SCSI ID 0".
After all the desired drives have been selected, press ENT for two seconds to continue. Press or to choose “Create Logical Drive,” then press ENT for two seconds to start initializing the logical drive.
Logical Drive Preferences:
You may also choose “Change Logical Drive Parameter,” then press ENT to change related parameters before initializing the logical drive.
View and Edit Logical Drives
LG=0 Not Defined ?
TDRV=4 Create LG Level=RAID5 ?
C=1 I=0 1010MB NEW DRV SEAGATE
Create Logical Drive ?
Change Logical Drive Parameter?
RAID X Selected To Select drives
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Maximum Drive Capacity:
Choose “Maximum Drive Capacity,” then press ENT. The maximum drive capacity refers to the maximum capacity that will be used in each member drive.
Use and to change the maximum size that will be used on each drive.
Spare Drive Assignments:
Local Spare Drive can also be assigned here. Press or to choose “Spare Drive Assignments,” then press ENT.
Available drives will be listed. Use or to browse through the drive list, then press ENT to select the drive you wish to use as the Local Spare Drive. Press ENT again for two seconds.
Disk Reserved Space:
This menu allows you to change the size of disk reserved space. Default is 256MB. We recommended using the default value.
Choices are 256MB and 64KB. With 64KB, logical drives are backward compatible to RAID controllers running earlier firmware versions. Press ENT and use the or keys to choose the size you prefer. You may also refer to Appendix E for more details about disk reserved space.
Write Policy:
This menu allows you to set the caching mode policy for this specific logical drive. “Default” is a neutral value that is coordinated with the controller’s caching mode setting. Other choices are “Write-Back” and “Write-Through.”
Initialization Mode:
This menu allows you to determine if the logical drive is immediately accessible. If the Online method is used, data can be written onto it before the array’s initialization is completed.
Maximum Drive Capacity ..
MaxSiz= 1010MB Set to 1010MB?
Spare Drive Assignments ..
C=1 I=15 1010MB *LG=0 SL SEAGATE
Disk Rev. Space 256MB ..
Write Policy Default ..
Initialization Mode Online..
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Users may proceed with array configuration, e.g., including this array in a logical volume.
Array initialization can take a long time especially for those comprised of large capacity. Setting to “Online” means the arra y is immediately accessible and that the controller will complete the initialization when IO demands become less intensive.
Stripe Size:
This menu allows you to change the array stripe size. Setting to an incongruous value can severely drag the performance. This item should only be changed when you can be sure of the performance gains it might bring you.
Listed below are the default values for an array. The default value for stripe size is determined by controller Optimization Mode and the RAID level chosen for an array.
Opt. for Sequential I/O Opt. for Random I/O
RAID0 128 32 RAID1 128 32 RAID3 16 4 RAID5 128 32
When you are done with setting logical drive preferences, press ESC and use your arrow keys to select “Create Logical Drive?”. Press ENT for two seconds to proceed.
Beginning Initialization
Press ESC to return to the previous menu. Use or to choose “Create Logical Drive,” then press ENT for two seconds to start initializing the logical drive.
The On-Line Mode:
If online initialization method is applied, the array will be available for use immediately. The array initialization runs in the background while data can be written onto it and users can continue configuring the RAID system.
Create Logical Drive ?
Stripe size Default ?
LG=0 Creation Completed!
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The Off-Line Mode:
The controller will start to initialize the array parity if using the “Off-line” mode. Note that if NRAID or RAID 0 is selected, initialization time is short and completes almost immediately.
The logical drive’s information displays when the initialization process is completed. If “On-line” mode is adopted, array information will be displayed immediately.
Initializing090% Please Wait!
LG=0 RAID5 DRV=3 2012MB GD SB=0
LG=0 Initializat Ion Completed
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5.5 Creating a Logical Volume
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Logical Volume," then press ENT.
Press or to select an undefined entry for logical volume, then press ENT for two seconds to proceed. "LV" is short for Logical Volume.
Proceed to select one or more logical drives. Press ENT to proceed. “LD” is short for Logical Drive.
Use or to browse through the logical drives. Press ENT again to select/deselect the drives. An asterisk (*) mark will appear when the logical drive is selected. After all the de sired logical drive(s) have been selected, press ENT for two seconds to continue.
Two submenus will appear.
Initialization Mode
Array initialization can take a long time especially for those comprised of large capacity. Setting to “Online” means the array is immediately accessible and that the controller will complete the initialization when IO demands become less intensive.
Write Policy
This menu allows you to set the caching mode policy for this specific logical volume. “Default” is a neutral value that is coordinated with the controller’s caching mode setting. Other choices are “Write-Back” and “Write-Through.”
When finished with setting the preferences, press ENT for two
View and Edit Logical Volume
LV=0 Not Defined ?
LV=0 Selected To Select LD Drives?
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 2021MB GD SB=0
Initialization Mode Online..
Write Policy Default ..
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seconds to display the confirm box. Press ENT for two seconds to start initializing the logical volume.
The logical volume has been successfully created.
Press ESC to clear the message. Another message will prompt, press ESC to clear it.
Logical volume information will be displayed below.
Logical Volume Assignment
If you have two controllers, you may choose to assign this logical volume to the secondary controller. The assignment can be done during or af ter the initial configuration.
If the redundant controller f unction has been enabled, secondary controller IDs assigned to IO channels, the assignment menus should appear as listed on the right.
If settings related to redundant controllers have not been accomplished, you may find the option after the volume is successfully created.
Press ENT on a configured logical volume. Use arrow keys to select “Logical Volume Assignment..”, and press ENT to proceed. Press ENT for two seconds to confirm.
Press ESC, and the LCD will display the logical volume’s information when
initialization is finished
.
Create Logical Volume ?
Lv=0 Creation Completed
LV=0 ID=685AE502 2021MB DRV=1
Logical Volume Assignment ..
Red Ctlr Assign to Sec. Ctlr ?
Create Logical Volume Successed
Lv=0 ID=07548332 0024488MB DRV=2
Logical Volume Assignments ..
Red Ctlr Assign to Sec. Ctlr ?
Change Logical Volume Params ?
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5.6 Partitioning a Logical Drive/Logical Volume
Partitioning, as well as the creation of logical volume, are not the requirements for creating a RAID system. The configuration processes for partitioning a logical drive are the same as those for partitioning a logical volume.
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Logical Volume," then press ENT.
Press or to select a logical volume, then press ENT.
Press or to select “Partition Logical Volume,” then press ENT.
The total capacity of the logical volume will be displayed as the first partition (partition 0). Press ENT for two seconds to change the size of the first partition.
Use or to change the number of the flashing digit, (see the arrow mark) then press ENT to move to the next digit. After changing all the digits, press ENT for two sec onds to confirm the capacity of this partition. You may also use arrow keys to move down to the next partition.
The rest of the drive space will be automatically allocated as the last partition. You may go on to create up to 32 partitions using the same method as described above.
Press ESC for several times to go back to the main menu.
View and Edit Logical Volume
LV=0 ID=685AE502 2021MB DRV=1
Partition Logical Volume..
LV=0 Part=0: 2021MB
LV=0 Part=0: 700MB ?
LV=0 Partition=1 1321MB ?
LV=0 Part=0: 2021MB ?
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5.7 Mapping a Logical Volume/Logical
Drive to Host LUN
The process of mapping a logical drive is identical to that of mapping a logical volume. The process of mapping a logical volume is used as an example.
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Host Luns," then press ENT.
Note some details before proceeding:
1. A logical group of drives (logical drive/logical volume) previously assigned to the primary controller can not be mapped to a secondary ID. Neither c an those assigned to the second ary controller be mapped to a primary ID.
2. For a SCSI-based controller, ID 7 is reserved for the controller itself. If there are two controllers, controllers might occupy ID 6 and ID 7. Please check your system Hardware Manual for details on preserved IDs.
Press \or to select a configured host ID, and then press ENT for two seconds to confirm. IDs are available as Primary or Secondary Controller IDs.
Press or to select the type of logical configuration. Available choices are “Map to Logical Volume,” “Map to Logical Drive,” or “Map to Physical Drive.” Confirm your choice by pressing ENT.
Press or to select a LUN number, then press ENT to proceed.
Press ENT for two sec onds to confirm the selected LUN mapping.
Press or to select a partition from the logical volume. Press ENT for two seconds to map the selected partition to this LUN. If the logical configuration has not been par titioned,
View and Edit Host Luns
CH=0 ID=000 Pri. Ctlr ..
CH=0 ID=0 LUN=0 Not Mapped
LV=0 ID=685AE502 2021MB DRV=1
LV=0 PART=0 700MB ?
Map Host LUN ?
Map to Logical Volume ?
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you can map the whole capacity to a host LUN.
Mapping information will be displayed on the subsequent screen. Press ENT for two seconds to confirm the LUN mapping.
With any of the Host ID/LUN successfully associated with a logica l capacity, the “No Host LUN” message in the main menu will change to “Ready.”
If you want to create more host IDs, please move to section 5.11 for more details on channel mode and channel IDs setting.
5.8 Assigning Spare Drive and Rebuild Settings
Adding a Local Spare Drive
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Drives," then press ENT.
SCSI drive information will be displayed on the LCD. Press or to select a drive that is stated as “NEW DRV” or “USED DRV” that has not been assigned to any logical drive, as spare drive or failed drive, then press ENT to select it.
Press or to select “Add Local Spare Drive,” then press ENT.
Press or to select the logical drive where the Local Spare Drive will be assigned, then press ENT for two seconds to confirm.
The message “Add Local Spare Drive Successful” will be displayed on the LCD.
CH=0 ID0 LUN0 MAP to LV=0 PRT=0?
View and Edit SCSI Drives
C=2 I=4 1010MB NEW DRV SEAGATE
Add Local Spare Drive ..
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 2012MB GD SB=0
Add Local Spare Drive Successful
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Adding a Global Spare Drive
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Drives," then press ENT.
SCSI drive information will be displayed on the LCD. Press ▼ or to select a SCSI drive that has not been assigned to any logical drive yet, then press ENT.
Press or to select “Add Global Spare Drive,” then press ENT.
Press ENT again for two seconds to add the spare drive. The message “Add Global Spare Drive Successful” will be displayed on the LCD.
Rebuild Settings
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Config Parms," then press ENT.
Press or to select “Disk Array Parameters,” then press ENT.
Press or to select “Rebuild Priority Low,” then press ENT. “Low” refers to the temporary setting.
Press ENT again and the abbreviation mark “..” will change to question mark “?”. Press or to select priority “Low,” “Normal,” “Improved,” or “High”.
Press ENT to confirm and the question mark “?” will turn into “
..
”.
View and Edit SCSI Drives
C=2 I=4 1010MB NEW DRV SEAGATE
Add Global Spare Drive ..
Add Global Spare Drive Successful
View and Edit Config Parms
Disk Array Parameters..
Rebuild Priority Low ..
Rebuild Priority Low ?
Rebuild Priority High ..
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NOTE:
The rebuild priority determines how much of controller resources is conducted when rebuilding a logical drive. The default setting of the rebuild priority is “LOW.” Rebuild will have smaller impact on host I/O access, but rebuild will take a longer time to complete. Changing the rebuild priority to a higher level you will have a fa ster rebuild, but will certainly increase the Host I/O response time. The default setting “LOW” is recommended.
5.9 Viewing and Editing Logical Drives and Drive Members
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Logical Drives..,” then press ENT.
Press or to select the logical drive, then press ENT.
Press or to select “View SCSI Drives..", then press ENT .
Press or to scroll through the list of member drives.
Deleting a Logical Drive
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Logical Drives," then press ENT.
Press or to select a logical drive, then press ENT.
Press or to select “Delete Logical Drive," then press ENT .
Press ENT for two seconds to delete. The selected logical drive has now been deleted.
View and Edit Logical Drives
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 2012MB GD SB=1
View SCSI Drives ..
View and Edit Logical Drives
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 2012MB GD SB=1
Delete Logical Drive ..
LG=0 Not Defined ?
C=1 I=0 1010MB LG=0 LN SEAGATE
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Deleting a Partition of a Logical Drive
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Logical Drives..,” then press ENT. Press or to select a logical drive, then press ENT.
Press or to choose “Partition Logical Drive," then press ENT.
The first partition’s information will be shown on the LCD. Press or to browse through the existing partitions in the logical drive. Select a partition by pressing ENT for two seconds.
Use or to change the number of the flashing digit to “0," then press ENT to move to the next digit. After changing all the digits, press ENT for two seconds.
The rest of the drive space will be automatically allocated to the last partition as diagrammed below.
Figure 5 - 1 Drive Space Allocated to the Last Partition
WARNING!
Whenever there is a partition change, data will be erased, and all host LUN mappings will be removed. Therefore, every t ime the size of a p artition ha s been changed, it is necessary to re-c onfigure all host LUN mapp ings of the associated partit io ns.
View and Edit Logical Drives
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 2012MB GD SB=1
Partition Logical Drive ..
LG=0 Partition=1 200MB ?
Logical Drive
1000MB
Delete
Partition 1
Logical Drive
1000MB
Partition 3 - 400MB
Partition 2 - 300MB
Partition 1 - 200MB
Partition 0 - 100MB
The capacity of the deleted
partitions will be added to the last partition.
Partition 2 - 600MB
Partition 1 - 300MB
Partition 0 - 100MB
=
400 + 200
LG=0 Partition=2 600MB ?
LG=0 Partition=1 300MB ?
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Assigning a Name to a Logical Drive
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Logical Drives..," then press ENT.
Press or to select a logical drive, then press ENT.
Press or to select “Logical Drive Name," then press ENT.
Press or to change the character of the flashing cursor. Press ENT to move the cursor to the next space. The maximum number of characters for a logical drive name is 25.
Rebuilding a Logical Drive
If you want the controller to auto-detect a replacement drive, make sure you have the following items set to enabled:
1. Periodic Drive Check Time
2. Periodic Auto-Detect Failure Drive Swap Check Time These two configuration options can be found under “ View and E dit
Configuration Parameters” -> “ Drive-Side SCSI Parameters”. Press ENT for two seconds to enter the
Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Logical Drives..", then press ENT.
Press or to select the logica l drive that has a failed member, then press ENT.
Press or to select “Rebuild Logical Drive," then press ENT.
Press ENT for two seconds to start rebuilding the logical drive.
The rebuilding progress will be displayed (as a percentage) on the LCD.
Enter LD Name: _
Rebuild Logical Drive ?
Rebuilding 25% Please Wait!
View and Edit Logical Drives
View and Edit Logical Drives
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 2012MB GD SB=1
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 2012MB FL SB=0
Logical Drive Name ..
Rebuild Logical Drive ..
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When rebuilding is already started or the logical drive is being rebuilt by a Local Spare Drive or Global Spare Drive, choose “Rebuild Progress” to see the rebuild progress.
IMPORTANT!
The Rebuild function will appear only if a logical drive (with RAID level 1, 3 or 5) has a failed member.
Use the "Identify Drive" function to check the exact location of a failed drive. Removing the wrong drive may cause a logical drive to fail and data loss is unrecoverable.
Regenerating Logical Drive Parity
If no verifying method is applied to data writes, this function can be manually performed to ensure that parity errors can be mended.
From the Main Menu, press or to select "View and Edit Logical Drives."
If you have more than one logical drive, use the or to select the logical drive you would like to check the parity for; and then press ENT.
Press or to select "Regenerate Parity" and then press ENT.
To stop the regeneration process, press ESC and enter the submenu to select “Abort Regenerate Parity”.
IMPORTANT!
If Parity Regenerating process is stopped by a drive failure, the process cannot restart until the logical drive is rebuilt.
View and Edit Logical Drives
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 4095MB GD SB=0
Regenerate Parity ..
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 2012MB RB SB=0
Rebuild Progress ..
Abort Regenerate Parity ..
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Media Scan
Media Scan is used to examine drives and is able to detect the presence of bad blocks. If any da ta blocks have not been properly committed, data from those blocks are automatically recalculated, retrieved and stored onto undamaged sectors. If bad blocks are encountered on yet another drive during the rebuild process, the block LBA (Logical Block Address) of those bad blocks will be shown. If rebuild is carried out under this situation, rebuild will continue with he unaffected sectors, salvaging a majority of the stored data.
From the Main Menu, press or to select "View and Edit Logical Drives".
The first logical drive displays. If you have more than one logical drive, use the or keys to select the logical drive you want to scan; and then press
ENT.
Press or to select "Media Scan" and then press ENT.
Press ENT again to display the first configuration option. Press ENT on it and use arrow keys to select an option. Press ENT to confirm the change on priority level.
Use arrow keys to move one level down to another option, “Iteration Count”. This option determines how many times the scan is performed on the logical drive. If set to the continuous, the scan will run in the background continuously until it is stopped by user.
Press ENT on your option to confirm. Press ENT for two seconds to display
the confirm message, press ENT to start scanning the array.
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 4095MB GD SB=0
Media Scan ..
Priority Normal ..
View and Edit Logical Drives
Priority To High ?
Iteration Count Single ..
Iteration Count to Continuous ?
Execute Media Scanning ?
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Write Policy
From the Main Menu, press or to select "View and Edit Logical Drives".
The first logical drive displays. If you have more than one logical drive, use the or keys to select the logical drive you want to change the write policy of; and then press ENT.
Use arrow keys to select "Write Policy" and then press ENT.
The Write-Back cache setting is configurable on a per array basis. Setting to the default value means the array setting is coordinated with the controller’s general setting. The controller’s general setting option can be found in “View and Edit Config Parms” -> “Caching Parameters” -> “Write-Back Cache”. Note that cached writes are lost if power failure should occur unless cached data has been duplicated to a partner controller and a battery is supporting cache memory.
View and Edit Logical Drives
LG0 RAID5 DRV=3 4095MB GD SB=0
Write Policy ..
Write Policy Write-Back ?
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5.10 Viewing and Editing Host LUNs
Viewing and Deleting LUN Mappings
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit Host Luns", then press ENT.
Press or to select a host ID, then press ENT to proceed.
Press or to browse through the LUN number and its LUN mapping information.
Press ENT on the LUN you wish to delete.
Press ENT for two sec onds to confirm deletion. The deleted LUN has now been unmapped.
For LUN Filtering functions, e.g., Create Host Filter Entry, Edit Host­ID/WWN Name List, please refer to Chapter 8 “Fibre Operation.”
Pass-through SCSI Commands
Pass-through SCSI commands facilitate functions like downloa ding firmware for drives or devices (not controller firmware), setting SCSI drive mode parameters, or monitoring a SAF-TE/S.E.S. device directly from the host. To perform such a function, the SCSI device must be mapped to a host SCSI ID.
From the Main Menu, press or to select "View and Edit Host LUNs."
If you have primary and secondary controllers, use the or to select the controller for the device that you would like to map.
Press or to choose to map a SCS I ID to "Physical Drive" or other device and then press ENT.
View and Edit Host Luns
Map Channel=0 ID=0 Pri Ctlr ?
Map to Physical Drive ?
View and Edit Host Luns
CH=0 ID=002 Sec. Ctlr ..
CH=0 ID=0 LUN=0 Mapto LG0 PRT0
Delete CH0 ID0 LUN=00 Mapping ?
CH=0 ID=0 LUN=0 Not Mapped
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WARNING!
Pass-through SCSI Co mmands are only intended to perform ma intenance functions for a drive or device on the drive side. Do not perform any destructive comma nds to a disk drive (i.e. , any commands th at write data to a drive media). If a disk drive is a spare drive or a member of a logical drive, such a destructive command may c ause a data inconsistency.
When a drive/device is mapped to a host SCSI ID so that Pass-through SCSI Commands can be used, the data on that drive/device will not be protected by the controller. Users who employ Pass-through SCSI Commands to perform any write c ommands to drive media do so at their own risk.
5.11 Viewing and Editing SCSI Drives
Scanning New SCSI Drive
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Drives," then press ENT.
SCSI drive information will be displayed on the LCD. Press ENT on a drive. Use or to select “Scan New SCSI Drive," then press ENT again.
Press or to select a SCSI channel, then press ENT for two seconds.
Press or to select a SCSI ID, then press ENT for two seconds.
The information of the scanned SCSI drive will be displayed on the LCD.
If the drive was not detected on the selected SCSI channel and ID, the LCD will display “Scan Fail!”
View and Edit SCSI Drives
Scan new SCSI Drive ..
Scan Channel=1 ?
Scan Channel=1 ID= 01 ?
C=1 I=0 1010MB NEW DRV SEAGATE
Scan Channel=1 ID=1 Scan Fail!
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An empty drive entry is added for this channel/SCSI ID for enclosure management. The drive status is “ABSENT.”
To clear the empty drive entry, press ENT and use arrow keys to select “Clear Drive Status,” then press ENT to proceed.
Press ENT for two sec onds to confirm the drive entry’s deletion. Information of other drives will be displayed instead.
Identifying a Drive
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Drives," then press ENT.
SCSI drive information will be displayed. Press or ▲ to select a SCSI drive, then press ENT.
Press or to select “Identify Drive,” then press ENT to continue.
Press or to select “Flash All Drives”, “Flash Selected Drive”, or “Flash All But Selected Drive”. Press ENT for two seconds to flash the read/write LEDs of all the connected drives.
Or, press or to select “Flash Selected SCSI Drives," then press ENT for two seconds to flash the read/write LED of the selected drive. The read/write LED will light for a configurable time period from 1 to 999 seconds.
View and Edit SCSI Drives
C=1 I=0 1010MB GlobalSB SEAGATE
Flash All Drives ?
Flash Selected SCSI Drives ?
Identify Drive ..
C=1 I=1 ABSENT
Clear Drive Status ..
Clear Drive Status ?
Flash all But Selected Drives?
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Deleting Spare Drive (Global / Local Spare Drive)
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Drives," then press ENT.
SCSI drive information will be displayed on the LCD. Press or to select the spare drive you wish to delete, then press ENT.
Press or to select “Delete Spare Drive," then press ENT to continue.
Press ENT for two seconds to delete the spare drive.
5.12 Viewing and Editing SCSI Channels
Redefining Channel Mode
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Channels," then press ENT.
Channel information will be displayed. Press or to browse through the information of all channels. Press ENT on the channel you wish the channel mode changed.
Press or to select “Redefine Channel Mode,” then press ENT.
Press ENT for two seconds to change the channel mode.
The new setting will be displayed.
View and Edit SCSI Drives
View and Edit SCSI Channels
C=1 I=0 1010MB GlobalSB SEAGATE
CH0=Host PID=0 SID=NA SXF=20.0M
Redefine Channel Mode ..
Redefine? CHL=0 To=Drive Channel
Delete Spare Drive ..
CH0=Drive PID=7 SID=NA SXF=20.8M
Delete Spare Drive Successful
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IMPORTANT!
Every time you change channel mode, you must reset the controller for the changes to take effect.
Setting a SCSI Channel’s ID - Host Channel
Viewing IDs
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Channels," then press ENT.
Channel information will be displayed. Press ENT on the host channel you wish the ID changed.
Press or to select “Set SCSI Channel ID," then press ENT.
Press or to browse through the existing ID settings. Press ENT on any to continue.
Adding a Channel ID
Press ENT on a host channel, on “Set SCSI Channel ID”, and then on an existing ID.
Press or to choose “Add Channel SCSI ID", then press ENT.
Press or to choose “Primary Controller” or “Secondar y Controller”, then press ENT for two seconds to confirm.
Press or to choose the SCSI ID you wish to add, then press ENT for two seconds to complete the process.
View and Edit SCSI Channels
CH0=Host PID=0 SID=NA SXF=20.0M
Set SCSI Channel ID ..
Primary Controller ?
Add CHL=0 ID=2 Primary Ctlr ?
CHL=0 ID=0 Primary Ctrl ..
Add Channel SCSI ID ..
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Deleting a Channel ID
Press ENT on an existing host channel ID you want to delete. Press or to choose “Delete Channel S CSI ID," then press ENT.
Press ENT for two seconds to confirm.
IMPORTANT!
Every time you make changes to channel IDs, you must reset the controller for the configuration to take effect.
The reserved IDs for SCSI-based controllers are shown below:
Single controller configuration (SCSI-based controllers): Drive channels – “7” Redundant controller configuration: Drive channels – “8” and “9”
For IDs reserved in different controller configurations, please refer to the hardware manual that came with your system. For controllers connected through back-end PCBs, firmware can detect its board type and automatica lly apply the p reset IDs. There is no need to set IDs for these models.
In single controller mode, you sho uld set the Secondary Controller’s ID to “NA.” If a secondary controller exists, yo u need t o set an ID for it on each of your drive channels.
Multiple target IDs can be applied to Host channels while each Drive channel has only one or two IDs (in redundant mode).
At least a controller’s ID has to be present on each ch annel bus.
Setting a SCSI Channel’s Primary ID - Drive Channel
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Channels," then press ENT.
View and Edit SCSI Channels
Delete ID=2 Primary Ctlr ?
Delete Channel SCSI ID ..
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Channel information will be displayed. Press ENT on the drive channel you wish the ID changed.
Press or to select “Set SCSI Channel Pri. Ctlr ID..”, then press ENT.
Press or to select a new ID, then press ENT for two seconds to confirm.
Setting a SCSI Channel’s Secondary ID - Drive Channel
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Channels," then press ENT.
Channel information will be displayed. Press ENT on the drive channel you wish the ID changed.
Press or to select “Set SCSI Channel Sec. Ctlr ID..”, then press ENT.
Press or to select a new ID, then press ENT for two seconds to confirm.
Setting Channel Bus Terminator
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Channels," then press ENT.
Channel information will be displayed. Press or to select a channel. Press ENT on a channel you wish the terminator mode changed.
Press or to select “Set SCSI Channel Terminator,” the n pr e ss ENT.
View and Edit SCSI Channels
View and Edit SCSI Channels
CH1=Drive PID=7 SID=NA SXF=80.0M
CH1=Drive PID=7 SID=NA SXF=20.0M
CH0=Host PID=0 SID=NA SXF=20.0M
Set SCSI Channel Pri. Ctlr ID ..
Set SCSI Channel Sec. Ctlr ID ..
Set SCSI Channel Terminator ..
Set Pri. Ctlr ID= 7 to ID: 8 ?
Set Sec. Ctlr ID=NA to ID: 9 ?
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Its current status will be displayed on the LCD. Press ENT to continue.
Press ENT again for two seconds to change the terminator mode to the alternate setting.
IMPORTANT!
You can use terminator jumpers o n the controller board to control SCSI bus termination of the SentinelRAID series controllers. When using jumpers to control, firmware termination setting must be disabled. To disable SCSI termination of a SCSI bus, th e associa ted term inator jum pers must be left open, and firmware setting must be disa bled.
Setting Transfer Speed
Transfer speed ref ers to the SCSI bus speed in synchronous mode. Asynchronous mode is also available in this option setting. In Ultra/Ultra Wide SCSI, the maximum synchronous speed is
20.8Mhz. Press ENT for two seconds to enter the
Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Channels," then press ENT.
Channel information will be displayed. Press or to select a channel. Press ENT on the channel you wish the transfer speed changed.
Press or to select “Set Transfer Speed," then press ENT.
The current speed of this SCSI channel will be displayed. Press or to select the desired speed, then press ENT for two seconds to confirm.
IMPORTANT!
Every time you change the Transfer Speed, you must reset the controller for the changes to take effect.
View and Edit SCSI Channels
CH0=Host PID=0 SID=NA SXF=80.0M
Set Transfer Speed ..
SCSI Terminator Enabled ..
CHL=0 Clk=80.0M Change to=40.0M?
CHL=0 Disable Terminator ?
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Front Panel Operation
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Setting Transfer Width
The controller supports 8-bit SCSI and 16-bit SCSI. Enable “Wide Transfer” to use the 16-bit SCSI function. Disabling “Wide Transfer” will limit the channel transfer speed to 8-bit SCSI.
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Channels," then press ENT.
Channel information will be displayed. Press or to browse through the channels. Press ENT on the channel you wish the transfer width changed.
Press or to select “Set Transfer Width," then press ENT.
The current mode will be displayed. Press ENT to continue.
Press ENT again for two seconds.
IMPORTANT!
Every time you change the SCSI Transfer Width, you must reset the controller for the changes to take effect.
Viewing and Editing SCSI Target - Drive Channel
Press ENT for two seconds to enter the Main Menu. Press or to select "View and Edit SCSI Channels," then press ENT.
SCSI channel information will be displayed on the LCD. Press ENT on the drive channel you wish the SCSI ID changed.
View and Edit SCSI Channels
View and Edit SCSI Channels
CH0=Host PID=0 SID=NA SXF=20.0M
CH1=Drive PID=7 SID=NA SXF=20.0M
Set Transfer Width ..
View and Edit SCSI Target ..
Wide Transfer Enabled ..
Disable Wide Transfer ?
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Infortrend
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Press or to select “View and Edit SCSI Target,” then press ENT.
Press or to select a SCSI target, then press ENT.
Slot Number
To set the Slot number of the SCSI target, choose “Slot Assignment," then press ENT. The current slot number will be displayed.
Press or to change the slot number, then press ENT for two seconds.
Maximum Synchronous Transfer Clock
Press or to select a SCSI target, then press ENT.
To set the maximum synchronous clock of this SCSI target, choose “Max. Synchronous Xfer Clock," then press ENT. The current clock setting will be displayed on the LCD.
Press or to change the clock, then press ENT for two seconds.
Maximum Transfer Width
Press or to select a SCSI target, then press ENT.
To set the maximum transfer width of this SCSI target, choose “Max. Xfer Narrow Only” or “Max. Xfer Wide Supported,” then press ENT. The
SCSI Target CHL=1 ID=0 ..
SCSI Target CHL=1 ID=0 ..
SCSI Target CHL=1 ID=0 ..
Slot Assignment Default No Set..
Max Synchronous Xfer Clock# 12..
Max Xfer Wide Supported ..
Slot Assignment Set to # 9 ?
Period Factor Def= 12 to --?
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Front Panel Operation
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current clock setting will be displayed on the LCD.
Press ENT for two seconds to change the setting.
Parity Check
Press or to select a SCSI target, then press ENT.
Choose “Parity Check," then press ENT. The current clock setting will be displayed on the LCD.
Press ENT for two seconds to change the setting.
Disconnecting Support
Press or to select a SCSI target, then press ENT.
Choose “Disconnect Support," then press ENT. The current clock setting will be displayed on the LCD.
Press ENT for two seconds to change the setting.
Maximum Tag Count
Press or to select a SCSI target, then press ENT.
Choose “Max Tag Count," then press ENT. The current clock setting will be displayed on the LCD.
Press or to change the setting, then press ENT for two seconds to change the setting.
SCSI Target CHL=1 ID=0 ..
SCSI Target CHL=1 ID=0 ..
SCSI Target CHL=1 ID=0 ..
Parity Check Enabled ..
Disconnect Support Enabled
Max Tag Count: Default( 32) ..
Max Xfer Narrow Only ?
Disable Parity Checking?
Disable Support Disconnect ?
Tag Cur=32 Set to:Default ?
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