Cisco Systems 12416, 12816 User Manual 2

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THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY.

The following information is for FCC compliance of Class A devices: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense. The following information is for FCC compliance of Class B devices: The equipment described in this manual generates and may radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed in accordance with Cisco’s installation instructions, it may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in part 15 of the FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. Modifying the equipment without Cisco’s written authorization may result in the equipment no longer complying with FCC requirements for Class A or Class B digital devices. In that event, your right to use the equipment may be limited by FCC regulations, and you may be required to correct any interference to radio or television communications at your own expense. Modifications to this product not authorized by Cisco Systems, Inc. could void the FCC approval and negate your authority to operate the product.

You can determine whether your equipment is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the Cisco equipment or one of its peripheral devices. If the equipment causes interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

• Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.

• Move the equipment to one side or the other of the television or radio.

• Move the equipment farther away from the television or radio.

• Plug the equipment into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain the equipment and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB’s public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California.

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Audience

About This Guide

The Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 Router Installation and Configuration Guide is written for hardware installers and system administrators

of Cisco routers.

This publication assumes that the user has a substantial background in installing and configuring router and switch-based hardware. The reader should also be familiar with electronic circuitry and wiring practices, and have experience as an electronic or electromechanical technician.

Purpose

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This installation and configuration guide contains procedures for installing the router hardware, creating a basic startup configuration file, and powering on the router for the first time.

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Document Organization

This installation and configuration guide is organized into the following chapters and appendixes:

• Chapter 1, “Product Overview,”provides an introduction to the major

components of the Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 series routers.

• Chapter 2, “Preparing for Installation,” describes safety considerations,

required tools and equipment, an overview of the installation, and procedures to perform before the installation.

• Chapter 3, “Installing the Router,” provides instructions for installing the

hardware and connecting external network interface cables.

• Chapter 4, “System Startup and Basic Configuration,” provides simple

procedures for completing a basic system configuration, and for checking and saving the configuration to system memory.

• Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting the Installation,” provides guidelines for

troubleshooting the router hardware installation.

• Chapter 6, “Router Field Diagnostics,” describes how to load and run router

field diagnostics.

• Chapter 7, “Maintaining the Router,”provides removal and replacement

procedures for primary router components or field-replaceable units (FRUs).

• Appendix A, “Technical Specifications,” provides a summary of physical,

electrical, and environmental specifications for the router.

About This Guide

xiv

• Appendix B, “Site Log,”provides a sample site log that can be used to record

actions relevant to the operation and maintenance of the router.

• Index

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About This Guide

Document Conventions

This publication uses the following conventions:

• Ctrl represents the key labeled Control. For example, the key combination

Ctrl-Z means hold down the Control key while you press the z

Command descriptions use these conventions:

• Examples that contain system prompts denote interactive sessions, indicating

the commands that you should enter at the prompt. The system prompt indicates the current level of the EXEC command interpreter.

For example, the prompt router> indicates that you should be at the user level, and the prompt level. Access to the privileged level usually requires a password. Refer to the related software configuration and reference documentation for additional information.

• Commands and keywords are in bold font.

• Arguments for which you supply values are in italic font.

• Elements in square brackets ([ ]) are optional.

• Alternative but required keywords are grouped in braces ({ }) and separated

by vertical bars (|).

Document Conventions

key.

router# indicates that you should be at the privileged

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Examples use these conventions:

• Terminal sessions and sample console screen displays are in screen font.

• Information you enter is in bold font.

• Nonprinting characters, such as passwords, are in angle brackets (< >).

• Default responses to system prompts are in square brackets ([ ]).

• Exclamation points (!) at the beginning of a line indicate a comment line.

Caution Means reader be careful. You are capable of doing something that might result in

equipment damage or loss of data.

Note Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to

materials not contained in this manual.

Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Obtaining Documentation

Timesaver Means the described action saves time. You can save time by performing the

action described in the paragraph.

About This Guide

Warning

This warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause bodily injury. Before you work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents. To see translations of the warnings that appear in this publication, refer to the Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information document that accompanied this device.

Obtaining Documentation

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available on Cisco.com. Cisco also provides several ways to obtain technical assistance and other technical resources. These sections explain how to obtain technical information from Cisco Systems.

Cisco.com

You can access the most current Cisco documentation at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

You can access the Cisco website at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com

You can access international Cisco websites at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml

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About This Guide

Product Documentation DVD

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in the Product Documentation DVD package, which may have shipped with your product. The Product Documentation DVD is updated regularly and may be more current than printed documentation.

The Product Documentation DVD is a comprehensive library of technical product documentation on portable media. The DVD enables you to access multiple versions of hardware and software installation, configuration, and command guides for Cisco products and to view technical documentation in HTML. With the DVD, you have access to the same documentation that is found on the Cisco website without being connected to the Internet. Certain products also have .pdf versions of the documentation available.

The Product Documentation DVD is available as a single unit or as a subscription. Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order a Product Documentation DVD (product number DOC-DOCDVD=) from the Ordering tool or Cisco Marketplace.

Cisco Ordering tool:

Obtaining Documentation

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/ordering/

Cisco Marketplace:

http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/

Ordering Documentation

Beginning June 30, 2005, registered Cisco.com users may order Cisco documentation at the Product Documentation Store in the Cisco Marketplace at this

URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/

Cisco will continue to support documentation orders using the Ordering tool:

• Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order

documentation from the Ordering

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/ordering/

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tool:

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Documentation Feedback

• Instructions for ordering documentation using the Ordering tool are at

this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/es_inpck/pdi.htm

• Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local

account representative by calling Cisco Systems Corporate Headquarters (California, USA) at 408 calling 1 800

553-NETS (6387).

Documentation Feedback

You can rate and provide feedback about Cisco technical documents by completing the online feedback form that appears with the technical documents on Cisco.com.

You can send comments about Cisco documentation to bug-doc@cisco.com.

You can submit comments by using the response card (if present) behind the front cover of your document or by writing to the following address:

Cisco Systems Attn: Customer Document Ordering 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-9883

We appreciate your comments.

About This Guide

526-7208 or, elsewhere in North America, by

Cisco Product Security Overview

Cisco provides a free online Security Vulnerability Policy portal at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.ht ml

From this site, you can perform these tasks:

• Report security vulnerabilities in Cisco products.

• Obtain assistance with security incidents that involve Cisco products.

• Register to receive security information from Cisco.

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About This Guide

A current list of security advisories and notices for Cisco products is available at this

URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt

If you prefer to see advisories and notices as they are updated in real time, you can access a Product Security Incident Response Team Really Simple Syndication (PSIRT RSS) feed from this

URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_psirt_rss_feed.html

Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products

Cisco is committed to delivering secure products. We test our products internally before we release them, and we strive to correct all vulnerabilities quickly. If you think that you might have identified a vulnerability in a Cisco product, contact PSIRT:

• Emergencies — security-alert@cisco.com

An emergency is either a condition in which a system is under active attack or a condition for which a severe and urgent security vulnerability should be reported. All other conditions are considered nonemergencies.

• Nonemergencies — psirt@cisco.com

In an emergency, you can also reach PSIRT by telephone:

Cisco Product Security Overview

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• 1 877 228-7302

• 1 408 525-6532

Tip We encourage you to use Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) or a compatible product to

encrypt any sensitive information that you send to Cisco. PSIRT can work from encrypted information that is compatible with PGP versions

2.x through 8.x.

Never use a revoked or an expired encryption key. The correct public key to use in your correspondence with PSIRT is the one linked in the Contact Summary section of the Security Vulnerability Policy page at this

URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.ht ml

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Obtaining Technical Assistance

The link on this page has the current PGP key ID in use.

Obtaining Technical Assistance

Cisco Technical Support provides 24-hour-a-day award-winning technical assistance. The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website on Cisco.com features extensive online support resources. In addition, if you have a valid Cisco service contract, Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) engineers provide telephone support. If you do not have a valid Cisco service contract, contact your reseller.

Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website

The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website provides online documents and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. The website is available 24 hours a day, at this

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

About This Guide

URL:

Access to all tools on the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. If you have a valid service contract but do not have a user ID or password, you can register at this

http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do

Note Use the Cisco Product Identification (CPI) tool to locate your product serial

number before submitting a web or phone request for service. You can access the CPI tool from the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website by clicking the Tools & Resources link under Documentation & Tools. Choose Cisco Product Identification Tool from the Alphabetical Index drop-down list, or click the Cisco Product Identification Tool link under Alerts & RMAs. The CPI tool offers three search options: by product ID or model name; by tree view; or for certain products, by copying and pasting show command output. Search results show an illustration of your product with the serial number label location highlighted. Locate the serial number label on your product and record the information before placing a service call.

Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 Router Installation and Configuration Guide

URL:

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About This Guide

Submitting a Service Request

Using the online TAC Service Request Tool is the fastest way to open S3 and S4 service requests. (S3 and S4 service requests are those in which your network is minimally impaired or for which you require product information.) After you describe your situation, the TAC Service Request Tool provides recommended solutions. If your issue is not resolved using the recommended resources, your service request is assigned to a Cisco engineer. The TAC Service Request Tool is located at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/servicerequest

For S1 or S2 service requests or if you do not have Internet access, contact the Cisco TAC by telephone. (S1 or S2 service requests are those in which your production network is down or severely degraded.) Cisco engineers are assigned immediately to S1 and S2 service requests to help keep your business operations running smoothly.

To open a service request by telephone, use one of the following numbers:

Asia-Pacific: +61 2 8446 7411 (Australia: 1 800 805 227) EMEA: +32 2 704 55 55 USA: 1 800 553-2447

For a complete list of Cisco TAC contacts, go to this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/contacts

Obtaining Technical Assistance

Definitions of Service Request Severity

To ensure that all service requests are reported in a standard format, Cisco has established severity definitions.

Severity 1 (S1)—Your network is “down,” or there is a critical impact to your business operations. You and Cisco will commit all necessary resources around the clock to resolve the situation.

Severity 2 (S2)—Operation of an existing network is severely degraded, or significant aspects of your business operation are negatively affected by inadequate performance of Cisco products. You and Cisco will commit full-time resources during normal business hours to resolve the situation.

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About This Guide

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

Severity 3 (S3)—Operational performance of your network is impaired, but most business operations remain functional. You and Cisco will commit resources during normal business hours to restore service to satisfactory levels.

Severity 4 (S4)—You require information or assistance with Cisco product capabilities, installation, or configuration. There is little or no effect on your business operations.

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

Information about Cisco products, technologies, and network solutions is available from various online and printed sources.

• Cisco Marketplace provides a variety of Cisco books, reference guides,

documentation, and logo merchandise. Visit Cisco Marketplace, the company store, at this

http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/

• Cisco Press publishes a wide range of general networking, training and

certification titles. Both new and experienced users will benefit from these publications. For current Cisco Press titles and other information, go to Cisco Press at this

http://www.ciscopress.com

• Pack et magazine is the Cisco Systems technical user magazine for

maximizing Internet and networking investments. Each quarter, Packet delivers coverage of the latest industry trends, technology breakthroughs, and Cisco products and solutions, as well as network deployment and troubleshooting tips, configuration examples, customer case studies, certification and training information, and links to scores of in-depth online resources. You can access Packet magazine at this

http://www.cisco.com/packet

• iQ Magazine is the quarterly publication from Cisco Systems designed to

help growing companies learn how they can use technology to increase revenue, streamline their business, and expand services. The publication identifies the challenges facing these companies and the technologies to help

URL:

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Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

solve them, using real-world case studies and business strategies to help readers make sound technology investment decisions. You can access iQ Magazine at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/iqmagazine

or view the digital edition at this URL:

http://ciscoiq.texterity.com/ciscoiq/sample/

• Internet Protocol Journal is a quarterly journal published by Cisco Systems

for engineering professionals involved in designing, developing, and operating public and private internets and intranets. You can access the Internet Protocol Journal at this

http://www.cisco.com/ipj

• Networking products offered by Cisco Systems, as well as customer support

services, can be obtained at this

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/index.html

• Networking Professionals Connection is an interactive website for

networking professionals to share questions, suggestions, and information about networking products and technologies with Cisco experts and other networking professionals. Join a discussion at this

http://www.cisco.com/discuss/networking

• World-class networking training is available from Cisco. You can view

current offerings at this

URL:

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http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/index.html

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Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

About This Guide

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About This Guide xiii

Audience xiii

Purpose xiii

Document Organization xiv

Document Conventions xv

Obtaining Documentation xvi

Cisco.com xvi Product Documentation DVD xvii Ordering Documentation xvii

Documentation Feedback xviii

Cisco Product Security Overview xviii

Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products xix

CHAPTER

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Obtaining Technical Assistance xx

Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website xx Submitting a Service Request xxi Definitions of Service Request Severity xxi

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information xxii

1 Product Overview 1-1

Introduction 1-1

Physical and Functional Description of Router 1-2

AC and DC Power Subsystems 1-4

Standard AC Power Shelf 1-4 Optional AC Power Shelf 1-7

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Contents

AC Power Supplies 1-10 DC Power Shelf 1-12 DC Power Supplies 1-15

Chassis Card Cages 1-17

Upper Card Cage 1-17 Lower Card Cage 1-18 Switch Fabric Card Cage 1-18

Switch Fabric Overview 1-19

Switch Fabric Card Functionality 1-19

Clock Scheduler Cards 1-20 Switch Fabric Cards 1-20

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview 1-21

Alarm Cards 1-21 Line Cards 1-23 Route Processor Selection 1-24 Gigabit Route Processor Overview 1-24

GRP PCMCIA Card Slots and Status LEDs 1-25 GRP Reset Switch 1-27 GRP Auxiliary and Console Ports 1-28 GRP Ethernet Ports and Status LEDs 1-28 GRP Alphanumeric Message Displays 1-30

GRP Memory Components 1-31

GRP DRAM 1-33 GRP SRAM 1-33 GRP NVRAM 1-33 GRP Flash Memory 1-34

Performance Route Processor Overview 1-34

PRP PCMCIA Card Slots and Status LEDs 1-35 PRP Ethernet Ports and Status LEDs 1-35 PRP Auxiliary and Console Ports 1-36

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PRP Reset Switch 1-37 PRP Alphanumeric Message Displays 1-38

PRP Memory Components 1-39

PRP SDRAM 1-41 PRP SRAM 1-41 PRP NVRAM 1-42 PRP Flash Memory 1-42

Upper and Lower Cable Management Brackets 1-43

Blower Module 1-44

Contents

CHAPTER

2 Preparing for Installation 2-1

Safety Guidelines 2-2

Safety with Equipment 2-2 Safety with Electricity 2-3 Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage 2-4 Lifting Guidelines 2-6 Compliance and Safety Information 2-6 Laser Safety 2-7

Site Requirement Guidelines 2-7

Rack-Mounting Guidelines 2-7

Enclosed Rack 2-8 Open Rack 2-8 Telco Rack 2-9

Site Layout and Equipment Dimensions 2-11 Air Flow Guidelines 2-15 Temperature and Humidity Guidelines 2-17 Power Connection Guidelines 2-17

AC-Powered Routers 2-18

DC-Powered Routers 2-19 NEBS Supplemental Unit Bonding and Grounding Guidelines 2-22

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Site Wiring Guidelines 2-24

GRP Port Connection Guidelines 2-25

GRP Auxiliary and Console Port Connections 2-26

GRP Auxiliary Port Signals 2-27

GRP Console Port Signals 2-28 GRP Ethernet Port Connections 2-29

GRP RJ-45 Ethernet Connections 2-31

GRP MII Ethernet Connections 2-33

PRP Port Connection Guidelines 2-36

PRP Auxiliary and Console Port Connection Guidelines 2-36

PRP Auxiliary Port Signals 2-38

PRP Console Port Signals 2-39 PRP Ethernet Connections 2-40

PRP RJ-45 Ethernet Connections 2-42

Alarm Card Connection Guidelines 2-45

CHAPTER

3 Installing the Router 3-1

Pre-Installation Considerations and Requirements 3-2

Required Tools and Equipment 3-3 Unpacking and Positioning the Router 3-3 Removing the Front Covers from Cisco 12016 Original Series Routers 3-4 Removing the Front Cover from Cisco 12016 Enhanced Series Routers 3-6

Rack-Mounting the Router Chassis 3-8

Verifying Rack Dimensions 3-8 Installing Center-Mount Brackets—Optional 3-9 Installing the Chassis Rack-Mounting Platform 3-13 Unpack and Position the Router 3-15 Installing the Chassis into the Rack 3-16

Supplemental Bonding and Grounding Connections 3-21

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Connecting to the Front Grounding Receptacle 3-22 Connecting to the Top Rear Receptacle 3-24

Attaching the Vertical Cable-Management Trough 3-25

Connecting Line Card Network Interface Cables 3-27

Connecting GRP Route Processor Cables 3-31

Connecting to the GRP Console Port 3-32 Connecting to the GRP Auxiliary Port 3-33 Connecting to the GRP Ethernet Port 3-33

RJ-45 Connection 3-35

MII Connection 3-35

Connecting PRP Route Processor Cables 3-36

Connecting to the PRP Console Port 3-37 Connecting to the PRP Auxiliary Port 3-38 Connecting to the PRP Ethernet Ports 3-38

Connecting an Alarm Card Cable 3-40

Contents

CHAPTER

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Connecting Power to the Power Shelf 3-41

Connecting Power to the AC-Input Power Shelf 3-41 Connecting Power to the DC-Input Power Shelf 3-42

Installing the Front Covers of Cisco 12016 Original Series Routers 3-47

Installing the Front Cover of Cisco 12010 Enhanced Series Routers 3-49

4 System Startup and Basic Configuration 4-1

Sources of Cisco IOS Software 4-2

Preconfiguration Requirements 4-2

Boot Process Overview 4-3

Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process 4-4

Manually Booting the System 4-11

Locating a Valid Cisco IOS Software Image 4-12

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Contents

Booting from the Cisco IOS Software Image 4-12

Configuring the Router 4-14

Cisco IOS User Interface 4-15

Cisco IOS User Interface Command Modes 4-15

User EXEC Mode 4-16

Privileged EXEC Mode 4-16

Global Configuration Mode 4-17 Using Setup for Configuration Changes 4-18

Configuring Global Parameters Using the Setup Facility 4-22

Configuring Network Interfaces 4-24

Checking the Software Version Number and Installed Interfaces 4-26 Using Global Configuration Mode 4-27 Verifying Running Configuration File Settings 4-28 Saving the Running Configuration Settings to NVRAM 4-29 Viewing the Running Configuration Settings 4-30

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Configuring the Software Configuration Register 4-31

Setting Software Configuration Settings 4-33 Changing Software Configuration Register Settings 4-35 Low-Order Bits in the Software Configuration Register 4-37 High-Order Bits in the Software Configuration Register 4-39

Recovering a Lost Password 4-41

Using RP Flash Memory Cards 4-44

Installing and Removing a Flash Memory Card 4-44 Formatting a New Flash Memory Card 4-47 Specifying a Cisco IOS Software Image to Boot the System 4-48 Flash Memory Commands 4-49

pwd Command 4-49

cd Command 4-49

dir Command 4-50

delete Command 4-50

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squeeze Command 4-51 Booting from Flash Memory 4-52 Copying Image Files to or From Flash Memory 4-52

Copying a Cisco IOS Software Image into a Flash Memory Card 4-54

Copying Cisco IOS Software Images Between Flash Memory Cards 4-56

Copying System Configuration Files Between RP Memory and a Flash

Memory Card 4-57

Booting a New Cisco IOS Software Image from a Flash Memory

Card 4-62

Recovering from Locked Blocks in Flash Memory Cards 4-62

Post-Installation Procedures 4-63

Contents

CHAPTER

5 Troubleshooting the Installation 5-1

Troubleshooting Overview 5-2

Troubleshooting Using a Subsystem Approach 5-2 Normal Router Startup Sequence 5-3 Identifying Startup Issues 5-4

Troubleshooting the Power Subsystem 5-5

Troubleshooting the AC-Input Power Subsystem 5-6 Troubleshooting the DC-Input Power Subsystem 5-10

Additional Power Subsystem Troubleshooting Information 5-14 Troubleshooting the Power Distribution System 5-15

Troubleshooting the Processor Subsystem 5-17

Troubleshooting the RP 5-18

Troubleshooting Using the RP Alphanumeric Display 5-19 Troubleshooting Line Cards 5-20

Troubleshooting Using the Line Card Alphanumeric Display 5-22 Troubleshooting Using the Alarm Cards 5-27

Monitoring Critical, Major, and Minor Alarm Status 5-28

Troubleshooting the Switch Fabric 5-29

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Analyzing the Data 5-30

crc16 Output 5-30

Grant Parity and Request Errors 5-33 Properly Seating Switch Fabric Cards 5-35

Troubleshooting the Cooling Subsystem 5-36

Blower Module Operation 5-38 Power Supply Operation 5-38 Overtemperature Conditions 5-39 Isolating Cooling Subsystem Problems 5-39

CHAPTER

6 Router Field Diagnostics 6-1

Diagnostics Overview 6-2

Downloading the Diagnostic Image 6-3

Field-Programmable Gate Array Overview 6-3

Upgrading an FPGA Image on a Line Card 6-5

Using the diag Command 6-8

Diagnostic Commands for Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 RouterLine Cards 6-8

Diagnostic Commands for Cisco 12000 Series Rout Processors 6-9 Diagnostic Commands for Cisco 12000 Series Switch Fabric Cards and Clock

Scheduler Cards 6-9 Diagnostic Command Reference Table 6-9

diag Command Output Examples 6-13

Testing Without the verbose Option 6-13 Testing Using the verbose Option 6-14 Displaying Previous Test Results 6-16

7 Maintaining the Router 7-1

Prerequisites and Preparation 7-2

Powering Off the Router 7-2

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Contents

Removing and Installing the Front Covers and Bezel Extenders on Original Cisco 12000 Series Routers 7-3

Removing the Front Covers 7-3 Installing the Front Covers 7-4 Attaching Bezel Extenders to the Front Cover 7-6 Removing and Replacing the Air Filter Door Front Cover 7-9

Removing and Installing Front Doors on Cisco 12016 Enhanced Series Routers 7-13

Cleaning or Replacing the Chassis Air Filter 7-17

Cleaning or Replacing the Chassis Air Filter on Cisco 12016 Original Series Routers 7-18

Cleaning or Replacing the Chassis Air Filter on Cisco 12016 Enhanced Series Routers 7-22

Removing and Replacing Blower Modules 7-24

Upper and Lower Blower Module Orientation 7-25 Troubleshooting the Blower Installation 7-28

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Removing and Replacing AC and DC Power Subsystem Components 7-29

Installation Guidelines 7-29 Power Supply and Power Shelf Compatibility 7-30 Installing Upgrade Kits 7-32

Removing and Replacing an AC Power Supply 7-33

Troubleshooting the AC Power Supply Installation 7-42

Removing and Replacing the Standard AC-Input Power Shelf 7-44

Removing and Replacing the Optional 2-Level AC-Input Power Shelf 7-51

Troubleshooting the AC Power Shelf Installation 7-57

Upgrading the AC-Input Power Shelf 7-59

Removing and Replacing a DC PEM 7-60

Troubleshooting the DC PEM Installation 7-66

Removing and Replacing the DC-Input Power Shelf 7-68

Troubleshooting the DC Power Shelf Installation 7-77

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Removing and Replacing Cards from the Chassis 7-79

Removing and Replacing RP and Line Cards from the Upper and Lower Card Cages 7-79

Removing and Replacing an Alarm Card 7-81 Removing and Replacing Switch Fabric Cards 7-84

Upgrading the Switch Fabric 7-86

Upgrade Requirements 7-86 Upgrade Procedures 7-87

Removing and Installing a Chassis 7-88

Preparing the Replacement Chassis 7-90 Preparing the Installed Chassis for Removal 7-90 Removing and Installing System Components 7-91 Removing the Chassis from the Equipment Rack 7-92 Installing the Replacement Chassis 7-97

Removing and Replacing a Power Bus Board Fuse 7-97

APPENDIX

NDEX

xii

A Technical Specifications A-1

Router Specifications A-1

Compliance and Safety Information A-5

B Site Log B-1

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Introduction

CHA P TER

Product Overview

This chapter provides an overview of the Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco

12816 series routers. It contains physical descriptions of the router hardware and major components, as well as functional descriptions of the hardware-related features.

The routers described in this guide are part of the Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 series routers and include:

• The original Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 series routers.

• The newer Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 enhanced series

routers. The enhanced series of routers use higher capacity power supplies, more powerful blower modules, and have newly designed front doors.

The capacity of the router switch fabric differentiates each model:

• Cisco 12016 Router—2.5-Gbps switch fabric

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• Cisco 12416 Route—10-Gbps switch fabric

• Cisco 12816 Router—40-Gbps switch fabric

Other than their various capacities, these routers are nearly identical. Differences between each router are described where necessary, and unless otherwise noted, the information in this publication applies to all routers.

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Physical and Functional Description of Router

The Cisco 12000 series router chassis is a sheet-metal enclosure that houses router components. The major components consist of three power supplies, upper and lower line card cages, a switch fabric card cage, and upper and lower blower modules. Power is distributed to these components over the chassis backplane.

All router models contain the following major components (Figure 1-1):

• Power shelf and power supplies—Three AC or DC power entry modules

(PEMs) provide power to the router. See the

section on page 1-4 for additional information.

• Upper blower module—Supplies cooling air to the upper half of the router so

it does not overheat. See the

“Blower Module” section on page 1-44 for

additional information.

• Upper and lower cable management brackets—Used to neatly route line card

cables. See the

“Upper and Lower Cable Management Brackets” section on

page 1-43 for additional information.

• Upper Line card and Route Processor card cage—Has 8 user-configurable

slots that support a combination of line cards, a route processor (RP), and an alarm card. See the

“Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview”

section on page 1-21 for additional information.

“AC and DC Power Subsystems”

1-2

• Switch fabric card cage—Located behind the air filter door, this card cage

contains 5 slots for the switch fabric card set. The switch fabric card set is made up of 3 switch fabric cards (SFCs) and 2 clock scheduler cards (CSCs). See the

“Switch Fabric Overview” section on page 1-19 for additional

information.

• Lower Line card and Route Processor card cage—Has 8 user-configurable

slots that support a combination of line cards, a redundant route processor (RP), and an alarm card. See the

“Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor

Overview” section on page 1-21 for additional information.

• Lower blower module—Supplies cooling air to the lower half of the router so

it does not overheat. See the

“Blower Module” section on page 1-44 for

additional information.

• Chassis backplane (not shown)—Distributes power to card cages and to the

blower modules.

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Figure 1-1 Cisco 12016 Series Router Components—Front View

Power shelf and

power supplies

Upper blower

module

Physical and Functional Description of Router

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Physical and Functional Description of Router

AC and DC Power Subsystems

A router ships with either an AC or DC powered system. Source power connects to the power shelf at the back of the chassis which route power to the power supplies, also referred to as power entry modules (PEMs).

Standard AC Power Shelf

The standard AC-input power subsystem consists of a single-level AC-input power shelf that house three (2000 AC power supplies which supply full redundant power to the router. shows the standard power shelf housing original series 2000 W power supplies.

The power supplies participate in an N+1 redundant current-sharing scheme that is divided among all three power supplies. If one power supply fails, the system can continue to operate temporarily, (depending on your system configuration) with the remaining two power supplies. Failed power supplies should be replaced as soon as possible to ensure full redundancy.

Chapter 1 Product Overview

W original series or 2400 W enhanced series)

Figure 1-2

1-4

Caution To ensure that the chassis configuration complies with the required power

budgets, use the on-line power calculator. Failure to properly verify the configuration may result in an unpredictable state if one of the power units fails. Contact your local sales representative for assistance.

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Figure 1-2 Standard AC-Input Power Subsystem —2000 W

Caution A router equipped with the standard AC power subsystem must be operated with

three power supplies installed in the power shelf at all times for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

Physical and Functional Description of Router

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Physical and Functional Description of Router

AC power to the router is provided through power cords connected from AC power outlets to connectors on back of the power shelf as shown in

Figure 1-3 Standard Power Shelf AC-Input Connections

Chapter 1 Product Overview

Figure 1-3.

Power cord

retention clip

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Optional AC Power Shelf

The power subsystem consists of a double-level AC-input power shelf with bays for 4 AC-input power supplies. original series 2000 W power supplies. It attaches to the top of the router chassis and is secured to the chassis the same way as the standard AC-input power shelf.

Note A router equipped with the optional AC-input power subsystem stands 77.5 inches

(196.85 cm) tall and does not fit in a standard 7-foot (2.1 m) rack.

The 4 power supplies in the optional power shelf participate in an N+2 redundant current-sharing scheme in which current sharing is divided among all 4 power supplies. Up to two power supplies can fail and the system can continue to operate temporarily, (depending on your system configuration) using the remaining two power supplies. Failed supplies should be replaced as soon as possible to ensure full redundancy.

Caution To ensure that the chassis configuration complies with the required power

Physical and Functional Description of Router

Figure 1-4 shows the optional power shelf housing

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Physical and Functional Description of Router

Figure 1-4 Optional AC-Input Power Subsystem—2000 W

Caution A router equipped with the optional AC power subsystem must be operated with

4 power supplies installed in the power shelf at all times for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

Chapter 1 Product Overview

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

AC power to the router is provided through power cords connected from AC power outlets to the connectors on the back of the power shelf as shown in

Figure 1-5.

Figure 1-5 Optional Power Shelf AC-Input Connections

Physical and Functional Description of Router

Power cords

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Physical and Functional Description of Router

AC Power Supplies

Each AC PEM converts 200 to 240 VAC into -48 VDC, which is distributed through the chassis backplane to all cards, RPs, and the blower modules.

Figure 1-6 identifies the components of a 2000 W AC power supply.

Figure 1-6 2000 W AC Power Supply Components

Handle

Chapter 1 Product Overview

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Figure 1-7 identifies the components of a 2500 W AC power supply.

Figure 1-7 2500 W AC Power Supply Components

Physical and Functional Description of Router

Pwr Ok

Fault

Temp

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Pwr Ok

Fault

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1 Ejector handle 2 Captive screw

The status LEDs on an AC PEM provide information about the current operational status of the power supply:

• PWR OK (green)—Indicates that the power supply module is operating

normally.

• FAULT (yellow)—Indicates that a fault is detected within the PEM.

• TEMP (yellow)—Indicates the PEM is in an overtemperature condition and

shutdown has occurred.

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Physical and Functional Description of Router

• ILMI (yellow)—Indicates the PEM is operating in a current-limiting

condition.

For additional information about troubleshooting AC PEMs, see the

“Troubleshooting the AC-Input Power Subsystem” section on page 5-6.

DC Power Shelf

A DC-input power subsystem consists of a DC-input power shelf that houses 4 (2000

W or 2400 W) DC PEMs that provide full redundant power to the router.

Figure 1-8 shows a DC-input power shelf housing original series 2000 W power

supplies.

The Cisco 12416 and 12816 DC powered systems (part numbers GSR16/320-DC and GSR16/320-DC) are equipped with 4 PEMs. The chassis is electrically divided between the PEMS. These sections are referred to as power zones and are labeled accordingly:

• Two PEMs power the upper card cage (Zone 1)

• Two PEMs power the lower card cage (Zone 2)

Each zone provides power to one blower, one alarm card, line cards and route processor cards.

Zone 2 also supplies power to all switch fabric cards. The result is that there is less power available for line cards in Zone 2, limiting the number of high-powered line cards that can be configured in the lower cage.

Chapter 1 Product Overview

1-12

Caution To ensure that the chassis configuration complies with the required power

budgets, contact your sales representative to provide you with the required power calculator. Failure to properly verify the configuration may result in an unpredictable state if one of the power units fails.

Contact your local sales representative for assistance.

In the DC-input power configuration:

• Modules A1 and B1 provide redundant power for system load zone 1 (the

upper blower module and the upper card cage).

• Modules A2 and B2 provide redundant power for system load zone 2 (the

switch fabric card cage, the lower card cage, and the lower blower module).

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Figure 1-8 DC-Input Power Shelf—2000 Watts

Physical and Functional Description of Router

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Caution A router configured for source DC operation must be operated with 4 DC-input

PEMs installed at all times for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

Note DC PEMs support online insertion and removal (OIR) which means that you can

remove and replace one PEM in each load zone (A1 or B1; A2 or B2) while the system remains powered on.

DC power to the router is provided from cables from a DC power source that are connected to threaded terminal studs on the back of the DC-input power shelf as shown in

Figure 1-9.

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Physical and Functional Description of Router

Figure 1-9 DC-Input Power Shelf Connections

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

DC Power Supplies

Each DC PEM operates from a nominal source DC voltage of –48 to –60 VDC and requires a dedicated 60

Figure 1-10 identifies the components of a 2000 W DC power supply.

Figure 1-10 20 0 0 W D C Power Supply Comp one nts

Handle

amp service.

LEDs

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FAULT

TEMP

Physical and Functional Description of Router

PWR OK

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Physical and Functional Description of Router

Figure 1-11 identifies the components of a 2400 W DC power supply.

Figure 1-11 2400 W DC Power Supply Components

Chapter 1 Product Overview

PWR OK

FAULT

TEMP

1-16

PWR OK FAULT TEMP OC

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1 Handle 3 Ejector lever

2 Fan 4 Power switch

The status LEDs on a DC PEM provide information about the current operational status of the power supply:

• PWR OK (green)—Indicates that the power supply module is operating

normally.

• FAULT (yellow)—Indicates that a fault is detected within the PEM.

• TEMP (yellow)—Indicates the PEM is in an overtemperature condition and

shutdown has occurred.

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

For additional information about troubleshooting DC PEMs, see the

“Troubleshooting the DC-Input Power Subsystem” section on page 5-10.

Chassis Card Cages

There are three integral card cages in the chassis: the upper card cage, the lower card cage, and the switch fabric card cage (see

Upper Card Cage

The upper card cage has eight user-configurable slots that support a combination of line cards, an alarm card, and an RP.

• Alarm—The far left slot is a dedicated slot for an alarm card.

• Slots 0 through 6—Can be populated with any line cards supported by the

router.

• Slot 7—The far right slot is reserved for the RP.

Chassis Card Cages

Figure 1-1).

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Chassis Card Cages

Lower Card Cage

The lower card cage also has eight user-configurable slots that support additional line cards, an alarm card, and an optional, redundant RP.

Note The lower card cage is an inverted, or head-down, copy of the upper card cage,

which means that cards are installed in an inverted or head-down orientation. The orientation of the slots is opposite that of the upper card cage.

• Slot 8—The far left slot is reserved for an optional redundant RP.

• Slots 9 through 15—Can be populated with any line cards supported by the

• Alarm—The far right slot is a dedicated slot for an alarm card.

Chapter 1 Product Overview

Note This slot may be used for a line card if you are not using an redundant

RP.

router.

Switch Fabric Card Cage

The router ships from the factory with 2 CSCs and 3 SFCs installed in five of the eight slots in the switch fabric card cage.

• The 2 CSCs are installed in slot 0 (CSC0) or slot 1 (CSC1)

• The 3 SFCs are installed in slot 2 (SFC0), slot 3 (SFC1), and slot 4 (SFC2).

• Three non-working slots with no backplane connectors. These non-working

slots are not labeled, but there is a blank filler panel installed in the far left slot to help maintain proper air flow through the chassis.

Caution Do not remove the blank filler panel unless instructed to do so by a Cisco support

representative.

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Switch Fabric Overview

The switch fabric provides synchronized gigabit-speed connections between line cards and the RP. The switch fabric card cage is located behind the air filter door and consists of 2 clock and scheduler cards (CSCs) and 3 switch fabric cards (SFCs). One CSC and the 3 SFCs are the active switch fabric; the second CSC provides redundancy for the other 4 cards.

Note 10-Gbps and 40-Gbps switch fabrics do not operate in 1/4-bandwidth mode as

they did in some earlier models of the Cisco 12000 series routers. You must have at least one CSC and three SFCs for the system to function. You can add an additional CSC for redundancy.

The combination of CSCs and SFCs make up the 2.5-Gbps, 10-Gbps, or 40-Gbps per-slot switch fabric. Routers are identified by the switch fabrics they use:

• Cisco 12010: 2.5-Gbps switch fabric

• Cisco 12410: 10-Gbps switch fabric

• Cisco 12810: 40-Gbps switch fabric

Switch Fabric Overview

Each SFC or CSC provides a 2.5-Gbps, 10-Gbps, or 40-Gbps full-duplex connection to each line card in the system. For example, in a Cisco with 16 line cards, each with 2 x 10 switching bandwidth is 16x 20 Gbps = 320 Gbps.

Note The Cisco 12000 series router supports online insertion and removal (OIR),

allowing you to remove and replace a card while the router remains powered on.

Switch Fabric Card Functionality

The core of the router is a crossbar switch fabric that provides synchronized connections between the line cards and the RP. The switch fabric consists of 2 clock scheduler cards (CSCs) and 3 switch fabric cards (SFCs) installed in the switch fabric card cage. One CSC and the three SFCs are the active switch fabric; the second CSC provides redundancy for the other 4 cards.

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12416 router

Gbps capacity (full duplex), the system

1-19

Switch Fabric Overview

The router also ships with a blank switch fabric card installed in the far left (non-working) slot of the switch fabric card cage. The blank filler panel balances the air flow through the switch fabric card cage which helps maintain proper air flow through the chassis.

Caution Do not remove the blank filler panel unless instructed to do so by a Cisco support

representative.

Clock Scheduler Cards

Clock scheduler cards provide the following functionality:

• Scheduler—Handles all scheduling requests from the line cards for access to

the switch fabric.

• System clock—Supplies the synchronizing signal to all SFCs, line cards, and

the RP. The system clock synchronizes data transfers between line cards or between line cards and the RP through the switch fabric.

• Switch fabric—Carries the user traffic between line cards or between the RP

and a line card. The switch fabric on the CSC is identical to the switch fabric on the SFC.

Chapter 1 Product Overview

The second CSC provides redundancy for the data path, scheduler, and reference clock. Traffic between the line cards and the switch fabric is monitored constantly. If the system detects a loss of synchronization (LOS), it automatically activates the data paths on the redundant CSC so data flows across the redundant paths. The switch to the redundant CSC occurs within The switch to the redundant CSC occurs within sub-seconds (the actual switch time depends on your configuration and its scale).

Switch Fabric Cards

The switch fabric cards augment the traffic capacity of the router. SFCs contain switch fabric circuitry that can only carry user traffic between line cards or between the RP and the line cards. SFCs receive all scheduling information and the system clock signal from the CSCs.

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

This section provides general information about alarm cards, line cards and types of route processors installed in the router.

Note The Cisco 12000 series router supports online insertion and removal (OIR),

allowing you to remove and replace a card while the router remains powered on.

Alarm Cards

The router is equipped with 2 alarm cards:

• One alarm card occupies the dedicated far left slot of the upper card cage.

• The other alarm card occupies the dedicated far right slot of the lower card

cage.

The alarm card slots differ from the rest of the card cage slots in that it is labeled as an “alarm” card slot, is physically narrower than the other slots, and has a different backplane connector.

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Some of the functions that the alarm cards provide are:

• Supplies +5 VDC to the MBus modules on router components (see AC and

DC Power Subsystems, page 1-4).

• Displays alarm severity levels (critical, major, and minor) detected by the

system through the MBus.

• Provides connections for an external alarm system.

• Displays the status of the alarm cards, clock scheduler cards, and switch

fabric cards.

The following components and LEDs are on the front panel of the alarm card (

Figure 1-12):

• Critical, Major, and Minor LEDs that identify system level alarm conditions.

• A switch to shut off an audio alarm.

• Cable connection for an external alarm (labeled Alarm)

• Alarm card LEDs:

–

ENABLED (green)—The alarm card is operational and functioning properly.

Chapter 1 Product Overview

1-22

–

FAIL (yellow)—The alarm card in that slot is faulty.

• A pair of status LEDs that correspond to each of the 5 card slots in the switch

fabric card cage (2 CSCs and 3 SFCs):

–

ENABLED (green) On—The card installed in that slot is operational and functioning properly. Off—Either the slot is empty or the card installed in that slot is faulty.

–

FAIL (yellow)—The card in that slot is faulty.

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Figure 1-12 Alarm Card Components and LEDs

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Line Cards

CSC

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Clock and scheduler card

and switch fabric card LEDs

Up to 15 Cisco 12000 series line cards can be installed in the routers upper and lower card cages to support a variety of physical network media. Ports and connectors on the line card front panels provide interfaces for external connections. Line cards communicate with the RP and exchange packet data with each other through the switch fabric cards.

SFC

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Caution Any unoccupied card slot in the upper and lower card cages must have a blank

filler panel installed to meet electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements and to ensure proper air flow through the chassis. Also, if the front panel of a line card does not completely fill the card slot opening, a narrow card filler panel must be installed to meet the EMC requirements.

A cable management bracket on the front panel of each line card helps to organize the interface cables connected to that line card.

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Route Processor Selection

Two types of RPs are available: a Gigabit Route Processor (GRP) or a Performance Route Processor (PRP). The GRP is the route processor that shipped with earlier Cisco 12000 series routers; the PRP is the route processor shipping with all current Cisco 12000 series routers. You cannot mix GRPs with PRPs. If you install a redundant RP, it must be the same type as the primary RP.

Note This publication uses the term route processor (RP) to indicate either a Gigabit

Route Processor (GRP) or a Performance Route Processor (PRP) unless otherwise specified.

Each system includes at least one RP that performs a variety of functions including the following:

• Downloads the Cisco IOS software to all installed line cards at power-on.

• Processes the network routing protocols and distributes updates to Cisco

Express Forwarding (CEF) tables on the line cards.

• Communicates with the line cards, either through the switch fabric or the

maintenance bus (MBus):

–

The switch fabric connection is the main data path for distributing routing tables, as well as packets passed between the RP and the line cards.

Chapter 1 Product Overview

–

The MBus connection allows the RP to download a system bootstrap image, collect or load diagnostic information, and perform general, internal system maintenance operations.

Gigabit Route Processor Overview

The GRP uses an IDT R5000 Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) CPU that runs at an external bus clock speed of 100 MHz and has an internal clock speed of 200

Figure 1-13 identifies the connectors and LEDs on the GRP front panel.

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MHz.

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Figure 1-13 Gigabit Route Processor Front Panel

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

EJECT

SLOT-1

RESET

SLOT-0

AUX

CONSOLE

COLL

LINK

RJ-45

MII

GIGABIT ROUTE PROCESSOR

1 432 5 6 7

1 PCMCIA flash card slots, eject buttons, and

5 RJ-45 Ethernet port and data status LEDs

slot LEDs

2 Reset button 6 MII Ethernet connection

3 Auxiliary serial port 7 Alphanumeric message displays

4 Console serial port

GRP PCMCIA Card Slots and Status LEDs

Two PCMCIA card slots (slot 0 and slot 1) provide the GRP with additional flash memory capacity or other input/output (I/O) device capability.

Caution The GRP only supports +5.2 VDC Type I and Type II devices. It does not support

+3.3 VDC PCMCIA devices.

Status LEDs (Slot-0/Slot-1) indicate when the flash memory card or I/O device in that slot is accessed. Each slot has an eject button to remove the card from the slot (

Figure 1-14).

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Figure 1-14 Slot Activity LEDs—Front Panel

EJECT

SLOT-0

SLOT-1

RESET

AUX

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

GRP Reset Switch

Caution The reset switch is not a mechanism for resetting the GRP and reloading the

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Access to the (soft) reset switch is through a small opening in the GRP front panel. To press the switch, insert a paper clip or similar small pointed object into the opening (see

Cisco

IOS image. It is intended for software development use only. To prevent system problems or loss of data, use the reset switch only on the advice of Cisco service personnel.

Pressing the reset switch causes a nonmaskable interrupt (NMI) and places the GRP in ROM monitor mode. When the GRP enters ROM monitor mode, its behavior depends on the setting of the GRP software configuration register. For example, if the boot field of the software configuration register is set to:

• 0x0—The GRP remains at the ROM monitor prompt (rommon>) and waits for

a user command to boot the system manually.

• 0x1—The system automatically boots the first Cisco IOS image found in

flash memory on the GRP.

For more information on the software configuration register, see the “Configuring

the Software Configuration Register” section on page 4-31.

Figure 1-13 on page 1-25).

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

GRP Auxiliary and Console Ports

The auxiliary and console ports on the GRP are EIA/TIA-232 (also known as RS-232) asynchronous serial ports. These ports connect external devices to monitor and manage the system.

• The auxiliary port—A (male) plug that provides a data terminal equipment

(DTE) interface. The auxiliary port supports flow control and is often used to connect a modem, a channel service unit (CSU), or other optional equipment for Telnet management.

• The console port—A (female) receptacle that provides a data

circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) interface for connecting a console terminal.

Caution To maintain Class B EMI compliance, use shielded cables when you connect to

the auxiliary and console ports of original GRPs (Part Numbers GRP= and GRP-B=). An updated version of the GRP-B= board (Rev. F0) does not require shielded cables for Class B compliance.

Chapter 1 Product Overview

GRP Ethernet Ports and Status LEDs

The GRP has two types of Ethernet connections for Telnet use:

• RJ-45 port—An 8-pin media-dependent interface (MDI) RJ-45 port for either

IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T (10 Ethernet connections.

• MII connector—A 40-pin media-independent interface (MII) that provides

additional flexibility for Ethernet connections. The pinout of this standard 40-pin interface is defined by the IEEE 802.3u standard.

Note The RJ-45 and MII interfaces on the GRP represent two physical

connection options for one Ethernet interface; therefore, you can use either the RJ-45 connection or the MII connection, but not both simultaneously.

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Mbps) or IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX (100 Mbps)

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

The transmission speed of the Ethernet port is not user-configurable. You set the speed through an autosensing scheme on the GRP which is determined by the network that the Ethernet port is connected to. However, even at an autosensed data transmission rate of 100 Mbps, the Ethernet port can only provide a usable bandwidth of substantially less than 100 Mbps. You can expect a maximum usable bandwidth of approximately 20 Mbps when using either the MII or RJ-45 connection.

The following LEDs on the front panel indicate traffic status and port selection (

Figure 1-15):

• LINK, COLL, TX, RX—Indicate link activity (LINK), collision detection

• MII/RJ-45—Indicates which Ethernet port is selected.

Figure 1-15 Port Activity LEDs—Front Panel

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

(COLL), data transmission (TX), and data reception (RX).

Note These LEDs are only used by the RJ-45 Ethernet connector and are

disabled when the MII Ethernet port is in use.

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LINK

MII

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RJ-45

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

GRP Alphanumeric Message Displays

The alphanumeric message displays are organized in two rows of four LED characters (

Figure 1-16 Alphanumeric Message Displays—Front Panel

PROCESSOR

Figure 1-16).

Chapter 1 Product Overview

Upper alphanumeric LED display (four digits)

Lower alphanumeric LED display (four digits)

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The alphanumeric message displays show router status messages during the boot process, and after the boot process is complete.

• During the boot process, the message displays are controlled directly by the

MBus module.

• After the boot process, the message displays are controlled by Cisco IOS

software (through the MBus).

The alphanumeric message displays also provide information about different levels of system operation, including the status of the GRP, router error messages, and user-defined status and error messages

Note A complete, descriptive list of all system and error messages appears in the Cisco

IOS System Error Messages publication.

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

GRP Memory Components

This section describes various types of memory used on the GRP to support router functions. and Figure 1-17 shows the location on the GRP board.

Ta b l e 1-1 GRP Memory Components

Ty pe Size Quantity Description Location

DRAM 1281 or

256 MB

SRAM 512 KB (fixed) — Secondary CPU cache memory

NVRAM 512 KB (fixed) — System configuration files, register

Flash memory 8 MB SIMM 1 Cisco IOS software images and other

Flash memory

20 MB1 1 or 2 Cisco IOS software images, system

card

PCMCIA

Flash boot

512 KB 1 Flash EPROM for the ROM monitor

ROM

1. Default shipping configuration.

2. Type I or Type II PCMCIA cards can be used in either slot.

Table 1-1 provides a quick reference of the different types of memory,

1 or 2 Uses 64 MB or 128 MB DIMMs

(based on DRAM configuration) for main Cisco

IOS software functions

U39 (bank 1) U42 (bank 2)

—

functions

—

settings, and logs

U17

user-defined files

Slots 0 and 1 configuration files, and other user-defined files on one or two flash memory cards

— program boot image

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Figure 1-17 GRP Memory Locations

Chapter 1 Product Overview

Bank 2

DRAM DIMMs

Bank 1

PCMCIA slot-0

and slot-1

U17

T C

-1

-0

U42

U39

AUX

Flash SIMM

J-45

LIN

GIGABIT ROUTE PROCESSOR

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

GRP DRAM

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

The GRP uses Extended Data-Out (EDO) Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) to store routing tables, protocols, network accounting applications, and to run Cisco

Table 1-2 lists the DRAM configurations for the GRP.

Ta b l e 1-2 GRP DRAM Configurations

Total DRAM Part Number DRAM Sockets Number of DIMMs

128 MB

128 MB MEM-GRP/LC-128(=) U39 (bank 1) One 128 MB

256 MB MEM-GRP/LC-256(=) U39 (bank 1)

1. Default shipping configuration.

IOS software.

MEM-GRP/LC-64(=) U39 (bank 1)

U42 (bank 2)

Two 64 MB

Two 128 MB

Caution DRAM DIMMs must be 3.3-volt, 60-nanosecond devices only. Do not attempt to

GRP SRAM

GRP NVRAM

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install other devices in the DIMM sockets. To prevent memory problems, use the Cisco approved memory products listed in Table 1-2.

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) provides 512 KB of secondary CPU cache memory. Its principal function is to act as a staging area for routing table updates, and for information sent to and received from the line cards. SRAM is not user-configurable and cannot be upgraded in the field.

Nonvolatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM) provides 512 KB of memory for system configuration files, software register settings, and environmental monitoring logs. Built-in lithium batteries retain the contents of NVRAM for a minimum of 5 years. NVRAM is not user configurable and cannot be upgraded in the field.

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

GRP Flash Memory

Use flash memory to store multiple Cisco IOS software and microcode images that you can use to operate the router. You can download new images to flash memory over the network (or from a local server) to replace an existing image, or to add it as an additional image. The router can be booted (manually or automatically) from any of the stored images in flash memory.

Flash memory also functions as a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server that allows other servers to boot remotely from the stored images, or to copy them into their own flash memory.

The system uses two types of flash memory:

• Onboard flash memory (called bootflash) —Contains the Cisco IOS boot

image.

• 20 MB Type II PCMCIA flash memory cards (MEM-GRP-FL20=)—Contain

the Cisco IOS software images.

Performance Route Processor Overview

Chapter 1 Product Overview

The performance route processor (PRP) uses a Motorola PowerPC 7450 CPU that runs at an external bus clock speed of 133 MHz and has an internal clock speed of 667 MHz.

Figure 1-18 identifies the slots, ports, and LEDs on the PRP front panel.

Figure 1-18 Performance Route Processor Front Panel

EJECT

ETH 1ETH 0 AUX

SLOT-1

SLOT-0

PRIMARY

LINK

CONSOLE

RESET

PERFORMANCE ROUTE PROCESSOR 1 (PRP-1)

1 3 4 52 6

1 PCMCIA flash disk slots (shown with cover in

4 Console serial port

place) and slot LEDs

2 RJ-45 Ethernet ports and data status LEDs 5 Reset button

3 Auxiliary serial port 6 Alphanumeric message displays

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

PRP PCMCIA Card Slots and Status LEDs

Two PCMCIA card slots (slot 0 and slot 1) provide the PRP with additional flash memory capacity. All combinations of different flash devices are supported by the PRP. You can use ATA flash disks, Type 1 or Type 2 linear flash memory cards, or a combination of the two.

Note The PRP only supports +5.2 VDC flash memory devices. It does not support

+3.3 VDC PCMCIA devices.

Status LEDs (Slot-0 / Slot-1) indicate when the flash memory card in that slot is accessed (see cover) to remove a flash card from the slot.

Figure 1-18). Each slot has an eject button (located behind the

PRP Ethernet Ports and Status LEDs

The PRP has two 8-pin media-dependent interface (MDI) RJ-45 ports for either IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T (10 Ethernet connections. These ports are labeled ETH 0 and ETH 1.

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Mbps) or IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX (100 Mbps)

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The transmission speed of the Ethernet port is not user-configurable. You set the speed through an autosensing scheme on the PRP which is determined by the network that the Ethernet port is connected to. However, even at an autosensed data transmission rate of 100 Mbps, the Ethernet port can only provide a usable bandwidth of substantially less than 100 Mbps. You can expect a maximum usable bandwidth of approximately 20 Mbps when using an Ethernet connection.

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

The following LEDs on the front panel indicate traffic status and port selection (

Figure 1-19):

• LINK, EN, TX, RX—Indicate link activity (LINK), port enabled (EN), data

transmission (TX), and data reception (RX).

• PRIMARY—Indicates which Ethernet port is selected (ETH 0 or ETH 1).

Note Because both ports are supported on the PRP, ETH 0 is always on. ETH 1

lights when it is selected.

Figure 1-19 Port Activity LEDs—Partial Front Panel

Chapter 1 Product Overview

ETH 1ETH 0

SLOT-1

SLOT-0

PRIMARY

PRP Auxiliary and Console Ports

The auxiliary and console ports on the PRP are EIA/TIA-232 (also known as RS-232) asynchronous serial ports. These ports connect external devices to monitor and manage the system.

• The auxiliary port—A (male) plug that provides a data terminal equipment

(DTE) interface. The auxiliary port supports flow control and is often used to connect a modem, a channel service unit (CSU), or other optional equipment for Telnet management.

• The console port—A (female) receptacle that provides a data

circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) interface for connecting a console terminal.

LINK

PRIMARY

LINK

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

PRP Reset Switch

Caution The reset switch is not a mechanism for resetting the PRP and reloading the

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Access to the (soft) reset switch is through a small opening in the PRP front panel (see

Figure 1-18). To press the switch, insert a paper clip or similar small pointed

object into the opening.

Cisco

IOS image. It is intended for software development use only. To prevent system problems or loss of data, use the reset switch only on the advice of Cisco service personnel.

Pressing the reset switch causes a nonmaskable interrupt (NMI) and places the PRP in ROM monitor mode. When the PRP enters ROM monitor mode, its behavior depends on the setting of the PRP software configuration register. For example, if the boot field of the software configuration register is set to:

• 0x0—The PRP remains at the ROM monitor prompt (rommon>) and waits for

a user command to boot the system manually.

• 0x1—The system automatically boots the first Cisco IOS image found in

flash memory on the PRP.

For more information on the software configuration register, see the “Configuring

the Software Configuration Register” section on page 4-31.

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

PRP Alphanumeric Message Displays

The alphanumeric message displays are organized in two rows of four LED characters each (

Figure 1-20 Alphanumeric Message Displays—Partial Front Panel

PROCESSOR

Figure 1-20).

Chapter 1 Product Overview

Upper alphanumeric LED display (four digits)

Lower alphanumeric LED display (four digits)

1-38

H10780

The alphanumeric message displays show router status messages during the boot process, and after the boot process is complete.

• During the boot process, the message displays are controlled directly by the

MBus module.

• After the boot process, the message displays are controlled by Cisco IOS

software (through the MBus).

Note A complete, descriptive list of all system and error messages appears in the Cisco

IOS System Error Messages publication.

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

PRP Memory Components

This section describes various types of memory used on the PRP to support router functions. and Figure 1-21 shows the location on the PRP board.

Ta b l e 1-3 PRP Memory Components

Ty pe Size Quantity Description Location

SDRAM 512 MB1,

1 GB, or 2 GB

SRAM 2 MB (fixed) — Secondary CPU cache memory functions —

NVRAM 2 MB (fixed) — System configuration files, register settings,

Flash

64 MB SIMM 1 Cisco IOS boot image (bootflash), crash

memory

Flash disk

64 MB

(PCMCIA)

Flash boot

512 KB 1 Flash EPROM for the ROM monitor program

ROM

1. Default shipping configuration.

Table 1-3 provides a quick reference of the different types of memory,

1 or 2 Uses 512 MB or 1 GB DIMMs (based on

SDRAM configuration) for main Cisco IOS

U15 (bank 1) U18 (bank 2)

software functions

—

and logs

information, and other user-defined files

1 or 2 Cisco IOS software images, system

configuration files, and other user-defined files on one or two Flash memory cards

Flash memory card slot 0 and slot 1

—

boot image

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Figure 1-21 PRP Memory Locations

Chapter 1 Product Overview

Flash

SIMM

EJE

PCMCIA slot-1

and slot-2

(behind cover)

U18

SLOT-1

SLOT-0

Bank 2 DRAM DIMMs Bank 1

U15

ETH 1ETH 0 AUX

LINK

CONSOLE

RESET

PERFORMANCE ROUTE PROCESSOR 1 (PRP-1)

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

PRP SDRAM

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

The PRP uses Error Checking and Correction (ECC) Synchronized Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) to store routing tables, protocols, network accounting applications, and to run Cisco

Table 1-4 lists the DRAM configurations for the PRP. If you are using:

• One DIMM—Bank 1 (U15) must be populated first.

• Two DIMMs—You cannot mix memory sizes; both banks must contain the

same size DIMM.

Ta b l e 1-4 PRP DRAM Configurations

Total SDRAM

512 MB

Part Number SDRAM Sockets Number of DIMMs

???(=) U15 (bank 1)

1 GB ???(=) U15 (bank 1)

2 GB ???(=) U15 (bank 1)

1. Default shipping configuration.

IOS software.

U18 (bank 2)

One 512 MB DIMM or Two 256 MB DIMMs

One 1 GB DIMM or Two 512 MB DIMMs

Two 1 GB DIMMs

Caution DRAM DIMMs must be 3.3-volt, 60-nanosecond devices only. Do not attempt to

PRP SRAM

OL-11495-01

install other devices in the DIMM sockets. To prevent memory problems, use the Cisco approved memory products listed in Table 1-4.

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) provides 2 MB of secondary CPU cache memory. Its principal function is to act as a staging area for routing table updates, and for information sent to and received from the line cards. SRAM is not user-configurable and cannot be upgraded in the field.

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Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

PRP NVRAM

Non-volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM) provides 2 MB of memory for system configuration files, software register settings, and environmental monitoring logs. Built-in lithium batteries retain the contents of NVRAM for a minimum of 5 years. NVRAM is not user configurable and cannot be upgraded in the field.

PRP Flash Memory

Flash memory also functions as a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server to allow other servers to boot remotely from the stored images, or to copy them into their own flash memory.

The system uses two types of flash memory:

Chapter 1 Product Overview

1-42

• Onboard flash memory (called bootflash)—Contains the Cisco IOS boot

image

• Flash memory disks (or cards)—Contain the Cisco IOS software image

Table 1-5 lists supported flash disk sizes and Cisco part numbers.

Ta b l e 1-5 Supported Flash Disk Sizes

Flash Disk Size

64 MB

Part Number

MEM-12KRP-FD64=

128 MB MEM-12KRP-FD128=

1 GB MEM-12KRP-FD1G=

1. Standard Type 1 and Type 2 linear flash memory cards also are supported, although they may not have the capacity to meet the configuration requirements of your system.

2. Default shipping configuration.

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Upper and Lower Cable Management Brackets

Cisco 12010, Cisco 12410, and Cisco 12810 series routers include upper and lower cable management brackets that work together with individual line card cable management brackets to organize interface cables entering and exiting the router (see

Network interface cables to the line cards are fed across the brackets, and then through the openings to the individual line card cable management bracket. This system keeps cables out of the way and free of sharp bends.

Caution Excessive bending of interface cables can damage the cables.

Figure 1-1).

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Blower Module

The router has two blower modules to distribute air within the chassis. One blower module is located above the upper card cage; the second blower module is located below the lower card cage (see

Each blower module contains three variable speed fans and a controller card. The two front cover LEDs provide a visual indication of blower module status (

Figure 1-22):

Figure 1-22 Blower Module

Chapter 1 Product Overview

Figure 1-1).

LEDs

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1-44

• OK (green)—All three fans are operating normally.

• FAIL (red)—The system has detected a fan failure or other fault in the blower

module. The fault can be caused by any of the following:

–

One or more fans are not operating

–

One or more fans are running below speed

–

A controller card fault

The blower modules maintain acceptable operating temperatures for the internal components by drawing cool air through a replaceable air filter into the switch fabric card cage and then through the upper and lower card cages. illustrates the air flow path through the chassis.

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Figure 1-23

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Chapter 1 Product Overview

Figure 1-23 Cooling Ai r Fl ow

Blower Module

Power supply shelf

Top blower module

Air filter

Room air

Air exhaust

(Plenum)

Upper card cage

Middle card cage

Lower card cage

(Plenum)

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Bottom blower module

Front Rear

Air exhaust

26204

To ensure that there is adequate air flow to prevent overheating inside the card cages keep the front and back of the router unobstructed. We recommend at least 6

inches (15.24 cm) of clearance.

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Blower Module

Caution You should inspect and clean the air filter one time per month (more often in dusty

Chapter 1 Product Overview

environments). Do not operate the router without an air filter installed.

The blower module controller card monitors and controls operation of three variable-speed fans in the blower modules. The variable-speed feature allows quieter operation by running the fans at below maximum speed, while still providing adequate cooling to maintain an acceptable operating temperature inside the card cages.

Two temperature sensors on each line card monitor the internal air temperature in the card cages:

• When the ambient air temperature is within the normal operating range, the

fans operate at their lowest speed, which is 55 percent of the maximum speed.

• If the air temperature rises inside the card cages the fan speed increases to

provide additional cool air to the cards.

• If the air temperature continues to rise beyond the specified threshold, the

system environmental monitor shuts down all internal power to prevent equipment damage due to excessive heat.

• If the system detects that one of the three fans within a blower module has

failed, it displays a warning message on the console window. In addition, the two remaining fans go to full speed to compensate for the loss of the one fan. If another fan fails, the system shuts down to prevent equipment damage.

For additional troubleshooting information, see the “Blower Module Operation”

section on page 5-38.

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CHA P TER

Preparing for Installation

Before installing your router, consider power and cabling requirements that must be in place at your installation site, special equipment for installing the router, and the environmental conditions your installation site must meet to maintain normal operation. This chapter guides you through the process of preparing for router installation.

The shipping package for the router is engineered to reduce the chances of product damage associated with routine material handling experienced during shipment.

• The router should always be transported or stored in its shipping package in

the upright position.

• Keep the router in the shipping container until you have determined the

installation site.

Use the Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 Router Unpacking Instructions included with the router to unpack it and inspect all items for shipping damage. If an item appears damaged, contact a Cisco customer service representative immediately.

This chapter contains the following installation topics:

OL-11495-01

• Safety Guidelines, page 2-2

• Site Requirement Guidelines, page 2-7

• GRP Port Connection Guidelines, page 2-25

• PRP Port Connection Guidelines, page 2-36

• Alarm Card Connection Guidelines, page 2-45

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Safety Guidelines

Before you perform any procedure in this publication, review the safety guidelines in this section to avoid injuring yourself or damaging the equipment. In addition, be sure to review the safety warnings listed in the Regulatory

Compliance and Safety Information for Cisco 12000 Series Internet Routers

publication that accompanied your router before you begin router installation.

Note that the information in this section are guidelines and do not include every potentially hazardous situation. When you install a router, always use common sense and caution.

Safety with Equipment

• Cisco equipment operates safely when used in accordance with its

specifications and product-usage instructions.

• Never install equipment that appears damaged.

• Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people or makes

the equipment unsafe.

• Never attempt to lift an object that might be too heavy for you to lift by

yourself.

• Do not wear loose clothing, jewelry, or other items that could get caught in

the router.

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

2-2

• Keep tools and assembly components away from walk areas.

• Do not work alone if potentially hazardous conditions exist.

• Keep the work area clear and dust-free during and after installation. Do not

allow dirt or debris to enter into any laser-based components.

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Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

Safety with Electricity

• The installation shall be in compliance with national and local electrical

codes: in the United States, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70, United States National Electrical Code; in Canada, Canadian Electrical Code, part I, CSA C22.1; in other countries, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60364, part 1 through part 7.

• Before you begin any procedures requiring access to the interior of the router,

locate the emergency power-off switch for the room in which you are working.

• Disconnect all power source cables before installing or removing a router.

• Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit; always check.

• Carefully examine your work area for possible hazards such as moist floors,

ungrounded power extension cables, and missing safety grounds.

• Only a DC power source that complies with the safety extra-low voltage

(SELV) requirements in UL60950, CSA-C22.2 No. 60950, EN60950, ACATS001, AS/NZS 60950,and IEC60950 can be connected to the line card chassis DC-input power system.

• A line card chassis configured with the DC-input power system shall have a

readily accessible two-poled disconnect device incorporated in the fixed wiring.

Safety Guidelines

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• The line card chassis requires short-circuit (overcurrent) protection to be

provided as part of the building installation.

• If an electrical accident occurs, proceed as follows:

–

Use caution; do not become a victim. Disconnect power to the router.

–

If possible, send another person to get medical aid; otherwise, assess the condition of the victim and then call for help.

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Safety Guidelines

Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage

Many router components can be damaged by static electricity. Not exercising the proper electrostatic discharge (ESD) precautions can result in intermittent or complete component failures. To minimize the potential for ESD damage, always use an ESD-preventive antistatic wrist strap (or ankle strap) and ensure that it makes good skin contact.

Note Check the resistance value of the ESD-preventive strap periodically. The

measurement should be between 1 and 10 megohms.

Before you perform any of the procedures in this guide, attach an ESD-preventive strap to your wrist and connect the leash to the chassis or to another grounded, bare metal surface as shown in

Figure 2-1.

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Figure 2-1 Connecting an ESD-Preventive Strap to the Router Chassis

DOWN

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Safety Guidelines

Lifting Guidelines

A fully configured router can weigh as much as 275 pounds (lb) (124.74 systems are not intended to be moved frequently. Before you install the router, ensure that your site is properly prepared so you can avoid having to move the router later to accommodate power sources and network connections.

Use the following lifting guidelines to avoid injury to yourself or damage to the equipment:

• Do not lift equipment alone; have another person help you to lift heavy

• Ensure that your footing is solid; balance the weight of the object between

• Lift the equipment slowly; never move suddenly or twist your body as you

• Keep your back straight and lift with your legs, not your back. When bending

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

kilograms (kg)), while an empty chassis weighs 125 lb (56.7 kg). These

equipment.

your feet.

lift.

down to lift equipment, bend at the knees (not at the waist), to reduce the strain on your lower back muscles.

Caution To prevent equipment damage, never attempt to lift or tilt the router chassis using

the handles on the blower module or on line cards. These handles do not support the weight of the chassis.

Compliance and Safety Information

The Cisco 12016, Cisco 2416 and Cisco 12816 routers are designed to meet the regulatory compliance and safety approval requirements. Refer to the Regulatory

Compliance and Safety Information for the Cisco

(Document Number 78-4347-xx) if you require additional compliance information (see

page -xx for site information).

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“Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website” section on

12000 Series Router

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Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

Laser Safety

Some line cards are equipped with ports that can emit hazardous laser radiation from the aperture when there is no cable connected to the port. This invisible radiation can cause eye injury if you stare into the port.

Site Requirement Guidelines

Warning

To avoid eye injury, never stare into open line card ports.

Site Requirement Guidelines

This section provides the following site requirement guidelines that you must consider before installing the router:

• Rack-Mounting Guidelines, page 2-7

• Air Flow Guidelines, page 2-15

• Temperature and Humidity Guidelines, page 2-17

• Power Connection Guidelines, page 2-17

• NEBS Supplemental Unit Bonding and Grounding Guidelines, page 2-22

• Site Wiring Guidelines, page 2-24

Rack-Mounting Guidelines

The router can be mounted in most 2-post, 4-post, or telco-type 19-inch equipment racks that comply with the Electronics Industries Association (EIA) standard for equipment racks (EIA-310-D). The rack must have at least two posts with mounting flanges to mount the router chassis. The distance between the center lines of the mounting holes on the two mounting posts must be 18.31 inches ± 0.06

inch (46.50 cm ± 0.15 cm). The rack-mounting hardware included with the

router is suitable for most 19-inch equipment racks or telco-style frames.

Figure 2-2 shows examples of typical 2-post, 4-post, and telco-type equipment

racks.

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Site Requirement Guidelines

Figure 2-2 Equipment Rack Types

a b c

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Enclosed Rack

Open Rack

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Figure 2-2a shows a free-standing, enclosed rack with two mounting posts in the

front. The router should not be installed in this type of enclosed rack, because the router requires an unobstructed flow of cooling air to maintain acceptable operating temperatures for its internal components. Installing the router in any type of enclosed rack—even with the front and back doors removed—could disrupt the air flow, trap heat next to the chassis, and cause an overtemperature condition inside the router.

Figure 2-2b shows a free-standing, 4-post open rack with two mounting posts in

the front and two mounting posts in the back. The mounting posts in this type of rack are often adjustable so that you can position the rack-mounted unit within the depth of the rack rather than flush-mount with the front of the rack.

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Telco Rack

Figure 2-2c shows a telco-type rack. The telco-type rack is an open frame

consisting of two posts tied together by a cross-bar at the top and a floor stand at the bottom.

This type of rack is usually secured to the floor and sometimes to an overhead structure or wall for additional stability. The router chassis can be installed in the telco-type rack either in a front-mounted position or a center-mounted position (

Figure 2-3).

• In the front-mounted position, you secure the chassis rack-mounting brackets

• In the center-mounted position, you secure a set of optional center-mount

Site Requirement Guidelines

directly to the rack posts.

brackets to the rack posts. The chassis rack-mounting flanges are then secured to the center-mount brackets. The center-mounted position moves the center of gravity of the chassis closer to the vertical axis of the rack posts, which adds to the stability of the rack installation.

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Site Requirement Guidelines

Figure 2-3 Front-Mounted and Center-Mounted Installation in a Telco Rack

Front-mount rail

Cisco 12016

chassis

Center-mount

bracket

Front-mounted chassis

in telco rack

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Center-mounted chassis

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in telco rack

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Site Layout and Equipment Dimensions

To help maintain trouble-free operation, adhere to the following precautions when planning your rack installation:

• Ensure the site of the rack includes provisions for source AC or DC power,

grounding, and network interface cables.

• Allow sufficient space to work around the rack during the installation. You

need:

–

At least 3 feet adjacent to the rack to move, align, and insert the chassis.

–

At least 2 feet in front of the power shelf to insert power entry modules.

• Maintain at least 24 inches (61 cm) of clearance in front of and behind the

chassis for maintenance after installation.

• To mount the router between two posts or rails, the usable aperture (the width

between the inner edges of the two mounting flanges) must be at least

17.7

inches (45.0 cm).

• When fully populated with cards, the router can weigh as much as 440 lb

(200

kg). Mount the router so that the bottom of the router chassis is no higher than 10 rack as low as possible. To maintain equipment rack stability and to ensure your safety, make sure you install any stabilizing devices provided before you install the router.

• If you use a telco-style rack, the weight of the chassis is cantilevered off of

the two rack posts. Make sure that:

inches (25.4 cm) from the floor to keep the center of gravity of the

Site Requirement Guidelines

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–

The weight of the router does not make the frame unstable.

–

The frame is bolted to the floor and is secured to the building structure using either wall brackets or overhead brackets.

• When mounting the router in a telco-type rack or 4-post rack, be sure to use

all of the screws provided to secure the chassis to the rack posts.

• For the enhanced models of the Cisco 12016 series routers, the mounting rails

on a 4-post rack must be recessed no more than 1.5 inches for the front door to fully open and close and to provide adequate room for cable routing.

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Site Requirement Guidelines

• Install the cable-management brackets included with the router to keep cables

• To avoid noise interference in network interface cables, do not route them

Figure 2-4 shows the footprint and outer dimensions of the original series router

chassis.

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

organized. Be sure to:

–

Use appropriate strain-relief methods to protect cables and equipment connections.

–

Make sure that cables from other equipment installed in the rack do not restrict access to the card cages.

directly across or along power cables.

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Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

Figure 2-4 Router Chassis Footprint and Dimensions—Top View)

17.3 in.

Back

Vertical

rack-mounting

flange

(each side)

Site Requirement Guidelines

20 in.

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Front

2.75 in.

2.01 in.

2 in.

Plastic front cover

18.75 in.

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Site Requirement Guidelines

Figure 2-5 shows the footprint and outer dimensions of the enhanced version of

router chassis.

Figure 2-5 Enhanced Router Chassis Footprint and Dimensions—Top View

25.694 in.

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

17.3 in.

17.963 in.

2-14

7.731 in.

18.950 in.

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Air Flow Guidelines

Cool air is circulated through the router chassis by two blower modules. The blower modules maintain acceptable operating temperatures for the internal components by drawing in cool air through the air filter in front of the switch fabric card cage (middle), and circulating the air through both card cages (

Figure 2-6).

Each power supply is also equipped with a fan that draws cooler air into the front of the power supply and forces warmer air out of the back of the chassis.

When selecting a site to install the router, observe the following guidelines:

• Dust free area—The site should be as dust free as possible. Dusty

environments can clog the air filter or power supply intake vents, reducing the cooling air flow through the router. Clogged filters and vents can cause an overtemperature condition in the router.

• Unrestricted air flow—Allow sufficient air flow by maintaining a minimum

of 6 the chassis and the power modules. If the air flow is blocked or restricted, or if the inlet air is too warm, an overtemperature condition can occur within the router. Under extreme conditions, the environmental monitoring system will power off the router to protect the components.

Site Requirement Guidelines

inches (15.24 cm) of clearance at both the inlet and exhaust openings on

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Figure 2-6 Air Flow Path through the Router - Side View

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

Power supply shelf

Top blower module

Air filter

Room air

Air exhaust

(Plenum)

Upper card cage

Middle card cage

Lower card cage

(Plenum)

2-16

Bottom blower module

Front Rear

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Temperature and Humidity Guidelines

The operating and nonoperating environmental site requirements are listed in

Table A-4 on page A-4. The router normally operates within the ranges listed in

Table A-4, however, if a temperature measurement is approaching a minimum or maximum parameter it indicates a potential problem. Maintain normal operation by anticipating and correcting environmental anomalies before they approach critical values by properly planning and preparing your site before you install the router.

Power Connection Guidelines

You can configure the router with either an AC-input or DC-input power subsystem, so the site power source requirements differ depending on the power subsystem in your router. Ensure all power connection wiring conforms to the rules and regulations in the National Electrical Code (NEC), as well as local codes.

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Caution Proper grounding is necessary to avoid damage from lightning and power surges.

See the

page 2-23 for grounding requirements.

“Router Bonding and Grounding Receptacles—Top Rear” section on

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Site Requirement Guidelines

AC-Powered Routers

AC PEMs operate in the nominal range of 200 VAC to 2 4 0 VAC and require a minimum service of:

• 20 A for operation in North America

• 16 A for international operation

• 13 A for operation in the UK

Each of the AC power inputs requires separate dedicated branch circuit. For a list of the nominal and acceptable value ranges for source AC power, refer to

Table A-2 on page A-3.

Figure 2-7 shows different styles of AC power cords used to connect to the local

AC power source that are available for North America and various locales.

Figure 2-7 AC Power Cord Plugs and Appliance Coupler

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

North America

Rewirable twist-lock plug

NEMA L6-20P (20A)

Italy

1/3/16 plug

CEI 23-16 (16A)

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Australia, New Zealand

SAA/3 plug

AS/NZZS 3112-1993 (15A)

United Kingdom

BS89/13

BS 1363/A

(13A; replaceable fuse)

Europe, Argentine, Brazil

VIIG plug

CEE (7) VII (16A)

26044

Appliance coupler

C19W coupler

Hot EN60320/C19 (20A)

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Table 2-1 lists power cord options. All AC-input power supply power cords

measure 14 feet (4.3 m).

Ta b l e 2-1 AC Power Cord International Options

Label Description Part Number

North America 20 A, 250 VA C CAB-GSR16-US=

Australia, New Zealand 15 A, 250 VA C CAB-GSR16-AU=

Europe, Argentina, Brazil 16 A, 250 VA C CAB-GSR16-EU=

Italy 16 A, 250 VA C CAB-GSR16-IT=

United Kingdom 13 A, 250 VA C

DC-Powered Routers

Connections to DC PEMs are rated at 60 amps maximum. A dedicated, commensurately rated DC power source is required for each PEM connection.

For DC power cables, we recommend that you use a commensurately rated, high-strand-count copper wire cable. Connection to the DC power shelf requires one earth ground cable and two cable leads; a source DC (–) and source DC return (+) for each PEM. The length of the cables depends on your router location from the source power.

Site Requirement Guidelines

CAB-GSR16-UK=

(13 A replaceable fuse)

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Note DC power cables are not available from Cisco, but are available from any

commercial cable vendor.

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Site Requirement Guidelines

You must terminate DC power cables using cable lugs at the power shelf end. Ensure the lugs are dual-hole and that they are able to fit over M6 terminal studs at 0.625-inch (15.88-mm) centers (for example, Panduit Part Number LCD8-14A-L or equivalent).

Figure 2-8 shows the type of lug required for the DC-input cable connections.

Figure 2-8 DC Power Cable Lug

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

All measurements in inches

2.24

End View

0.48

Ø 0.267

2 holes

Crimp area

0.25 0.370.63

0.08

Figure 2-9 shows a source DC power distribution scheme for a DC-input power

shelf.

It shows two power cables attached to the DC-input power lugs for power shelf bay B1 (far right bay of the DC-input power shelf when looking at the back panel).

The color coding of the source DC power cable leads depends on the color coding of the site DC power source. Typically, green or green and yellow indicate that the cable is a ground cable. Because there is no color code standard for the source DC wiring, be sure that the power cables are connected to the DC-input power shelf terminal studs using the proper positive

• In some cases, the source DC cable leads might have a positive (+) or a

negative

(–) label. This is a relatively safe indication of the polarity, but you

(+) and negative (–) polarity.

must verify the polarity by measuring the voltage between the DC cable leads. When making the measurement, the positive (+) lead and the negative (–) lead must always match the (+) and (–) labels on the power shelf.

• A green (or green and yellow) cable typically indicate that it is a ground

cable.

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Site Requirement Guidelines

Figure 2-9 Typical Source DC Power Cabling Scheme for Power Shelf Bay B1

CO ground

Central office

RectifiersAC

primary & secondary DC power distribution

Plant

controls

Battery plant

Batteries

Ground window

Central office

ground

–

Ground

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Site Requirement Guidelines

Caution DC PEMs contains circuitry to trip the breaker on the PEM if the PEM detects a

reverse polarity condition. No damage should occur from reverse polarity, but you should correct a reverse polarity condition immediately.

For a list of the nominal and acceptable value ranges for source DC power, refer to

Table A-3 on page A-3.

NEBS Supplemental Unit Bonding and Grounding Guidelines

Although the router chassis requires a safety earth ground connection as part of the power cabling to the power shelf, we also recommend that you connect the central office ground system or interior equipment grounding system to the supplemental bonding and grounding connections.

Supplemental connections are located at the top of the power interface panel on the back of the chassis ( fabric card cage on the front flanges of the chassis (Figure 2-11). The DC return of this system should remain isolated from the system frame and chassis (DC-I).

This grounding points are also referred to as the network equipment building system (NEBS) bonding and grounding connections.

Figure 2-10), and near the lower corners of the switch

2-22

Note These bonding and grounding connections satisfy the Telcordia NEBS

requirements for supplemental bonding and grounding connections. If you are not installing the router in a NEBS environment, you can choose to bypass these guidelines and rely on the safety earth ground connections to the AC and DC power shelves.

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Figure 2-10 Router Bonding and Grounding Receptacles—Top Rear

Supplemental

bonding and

grounding

receptacle

Figure 2-11 Router Bonding and Grounding Receptacles—Front

Q OC-3/STM-POS

6DS3–SMB P

/ H / F

12DS3–SMB P

/ H / F

OC-48/STM-16-SCPOS

OC-12/STM-4 ATM

FAST ETERNET

ROUTE PROCESSOR

ENABLED

FAIL

CSC

SFC

ALARM

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29183

NEBS

supplemental

earth ground

receptacle

Air filter door

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Site Requirement Guidelines

To ensure a satisfactory supplemental ground connection to the router, use the following parts:

Note These parts are not available from Cisco, but are available from commercial

vendors.

• Two grounding lugs, which have two M6 bolt holes with 0.625 to 0.75-inch

(15.86 to 19.05-mm) spacing between them, and a wire receptacle large enough to accept a 6-AWG or larger, multistrand copper wire. This lug is similar to those used for the DC-input power supply leads (see

• Two M6 hex-head nuts and locking washers (nickel-plated brass is ideal).

• Two grounding wires. Although we recommend at least 6-AWG multistrand

copper wire, the wire diameter and length depend on your router location and site environment.

Site Wiring Guidelines

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

Figure 2-8).

2-24

When planning the location of the router, consider distance limitations for signaling, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and connector compatibility. I wiring is run for any significant distance in an electromagnetic field, interference can occur between the field and the signals on the wires. Poor wiring can cause:

• Radio interference emanating from the wires.

• Strong EMI, especially when caused by lightning or radio transmitters. EMI

can destroy the signal drivers and receivers in the router, and can even create an electrical hazard by conducting power surges through lines and into equipment.

Note To predict and remedy strong EMI, you may need to consult with experts

in radio frequency interference (RFI).

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Site wiring is unlikely to emit radio interference if you use twisted-pair cable with a good distribution of grounding conductors. Use a high-quality twisted-pair cable with one ground conductor for each data signal, when applicable.

Give special consideration to the effect of a lightning strike in your vicinity, especially if the wiring exceeds the recommended distances, or if it passes between buildings. The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) caused by lightning or other high-energy phenomena can easily induce enough energy into unshielded conductors to destroy electronic devices. If you have experienced EMP problems in the past, you may want to consult experts in electrical surge suppression and shielding.

Most data centers cannot resolve the infrequent but potentially catastrophic problems without pulse meters and other special equipment. In addition, these problems can take a great deal of time to identify and resolve. We recommend that you take the necessary precautions to avoid these problems by providing a properly grounded and shielded environment, with special attention to issues of electrical surge suppression.

GRP Port Connection Guidelines

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This section contains detailed cabling and signal information for all interface and port connections to the GRP. It also provides information for Ethernet routing and equipment.

Caution Ports labeled Ethernet, 10BASE-T, Token Ring, Console, and AUX are safety

extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits. Only connect SELV circuits to other SELV circuits.

• GRP Auxiliary and Console Port Connections, page 2-26

• GRP Ethernet Port Connections, page 2-29

• PRP Auxiliary and Console Port Connection Guidelines, page 2-36

• PRP Ethernet Connections, page 2-40

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GRP Port Connection Guidelines

GRP Auxiliary and Console Port Connections

The GRP has two EIA/TIA-232 ports (Figure 2-12):

• Auxiliary port— DB-25 plug, DTE-mode port for connecting a modem or

other DCE device (such as a CSU/DSU or another router) to the GRP.

• Console port—DB-25 receptacle, DCE-mode port for connecting a data

terminal to perform the initial configuration of the router.

Note The auxiliary and console ports are asynchronous serial ports. Devices

connected to these ports must be capable of asynchronous transmission.

Figure 2-12 GRP Auxiliary and Console Port Connections

Modem

DB-25 female

AUX

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-0

-1

Auxiliary port

Console terminal

2-26

Console port

L L

GRP

-4 5

H10735

DB-25 male

Because the connectors on some standard cables are large enough to interfere with the front covers installed on the card cages, a lower-profile cable adapter is included that permits you to connect a flat cable with modular RJ-45 plugs to the GRP console port.

Note EIA/TIA-232 cables are not available from Cisco, but are available from any

commercial cable vendor.

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Caution To maintain Class B EMI compliance, you must use shielded cables when

connecting to the auxiliary and console ports of original GRPs (part numbers GRP= and GRP-B=). An updated version of the GRP-B= board (Rev. F0) does not require shielded cables for Class B compliance.

GRP Auxiliary Port Signals

The GRP auxiliary port is a DB-25 DTE port for connecting a modem or other DCE device to the router. The auxiliary port supports hardware flow control and modem control.

Table 2-2 lists the signals used on the auxiliary port.

Ta b l e 2-2 GRP Auxiliary Port Signals

Pin Signal Direction Description

1 GND — Shield ground

2 TxD Output Transmit data (to DCE)

3 RxD Input Receive data (from DCE)

4 RTS Output Request to send

5 CTS Input Clear to send (used for hardware flow control)

6 DSR Input Data set ready

7 GND — Signal ground

8 DCD Input Carrier detect (used for modem control)

20 DTR Output Data terminal ready (used for modem control

22 RING Input Ring

GRP Port Connection Guidelines

(used for hardware flow control)

only)

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GRP Port Connection Guidelines

GRP Console Port Signals

The GRP console port is a DB-25 DCE interface for connecting a DTE terminal device to the router. Both Data Set Ready (DSR) and Data Carrier Detect (DCD) signals are active when the router is powered on. The console port does not support modem control or hardware flow control and requires a straight-through EIA/TIA-232 cable.

Before you connect a terminal to the console port, check the terminal setting for the data transmission rate, in bits per second (bps). The terminal transmission rate setting must match the default rate of the GRP console port, which is 9600 Set the terminal to these operational values: 9600 bits (9600 8N2).

Table 2-3 lists the signals used on the console port.

Ta b l e 2-3 GRP Console Port Signals

Pin Signal Direction Description

1 GND — Shield ground

2 TxD Output Transmit data (from DTE)

3 RxD Input Receive data (to DTE)

6 DSR Input Data set ready (always on)

7 GND — Signal ground

8 DCD Input Data carrier detect (always on)

20 DTR Output Data terminal ready

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

bps.

bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 2 stop

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Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 Router Installation and Configuration Guide

OL-11495-01

Cisco Systems 12416, 12816 User Manual 2

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Cisco 12016, Cisco 12416, and Cisco 12816 Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Audience

About This Guide

Purpose

Document Organization

Document Conventions

Obtaining Documentation

Cisco.com

Product Documentation DVD

Ordering Documentation

Documentation Feedback

Cisco Product Security Overview

Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products

Obtaining Technical Assistance

Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website

Submitting a Service Request

Definitions of Service Request Severity

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

CONTENTS

Introduction

Product Overview

Physical and Functional Description of Router

AC and DC Power Subsystems

Standard AC Power Shelf

Optional AC Power Shelf

AC Power Supplies

DC Power Shelf

DC Power Supplies

Chassis Card Cages

Upper Card Cage

Lower Card Cage

Switch Fabric Card Cage

Switch Fabric Overview

Switch Fabric Card Functionality

Clock Scheduler Cards

Switch Fabric Cards

Alarm Card, Line Card, and Rout Processor Overview

Alarm Cards

Line Cards

Route Processor Selection

Gigabit Route Processor Overview

GRP PCMCIA Card Slots and Status LEDs

GRP Reset Switch

GRP Auxiliary and Console Ports

GRP Ethernet Ports and Status LEDs

GRP Alphanumeric Message Displays

GRP Memory Components

GRP DRAM

GRP SRAM

GRP NVRAM

GRP Flash Memory

Performance Route Processor Overview

PRP PCMCIA Card Slots and Status LEDs

PRP Ethernet Ports and Status LEDs

PRP Auxiliary and Console Ports

PRP Reset Switch

PRP Alphanumeric Message Displays

PRP Memory Components

PRP SDRAM

PRP SRAM

PRP NVRAM

PRP Flash Memory

Upper and Lower Cable Management Brackets

Blower Module

Preparing for Installation

Safety Guidelines

Safety with Equipment

Safety with Electricity

Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage

Lifting Guidelines

Compliance and Safety Information

Laser Safety

Site Requirement Guidelines

Rack-Mounting Guidelines

Enclosed Rack

Open Rack