Cisco Systems 12008 User Manual

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

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The following information is for FCC compliance of Class A devices: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.

The following information is for FCC compliance of Class B devices: The equipment described in this manual generates and may radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed in accordance with Cisco’s installation instructions, it may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in part 15 of the FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

You can determine whether your equipment is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the Cisco equipment or one of its peripheral devices. If the equipment causes interference to radio or television reception, try to correct t he interference by using one or more of the following measures:

• Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.

• Move the equipment to one side or the other of the television or radio.

• Move the equipment farther away from the television or radio.

• Plug the equipment into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain the equipment and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

Modifications to this product not authorized by Cisco Systems, Inc. could void the FCC approval and negate your authority to operate the product. The following third-party software may be included with your produ ct and will be subject to the sof tware lice ns e agree ment: CiscoWorks software and documentation are based in part on HP OpenView under license from the Hewlett-Packard Company. HP OpenView is a

trademark of the Hewlett-Packard Company. Copyright © 1992, 1993 Hewlett-Packard Company. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of

UCB’s public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. Network Time Protocol (NTP). Copyright © 1992, David L. Mills. The University of Delaware makes no representations about the suitability of this

promote products derived from this software without s peci fic prior written permission. The Cisco implementation of TN3270 is an adaptation of the TN3270, curses, and termcap programs developed by the University of California, Berkeley

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All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0406R))

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuraiton Guide

About This Guide xiii

Document Objectives xiii Audience xiii Document Organization xiv Document Conventions xv

Conventions Used in Command Descriptions xv Conventions Used in Examples xvi Conventions Used for Special Notices xvi

Obtaining Documentation x viii

World Wide Web xviii Documentation CD-ROM xix Ordering Documentation xix

Obtaining Technical Assistance xix

Cisco Connection Online xix Technical Assistance Center xx Documentation Feedback xxi

Chapter 1 Product Overview 1-1

CONTENTS

Cisco’s Next Generation of Routers 1-2 Features of the Cisco 12008 Router 1-3 Overview of the Cisco 12008 1-6

Router Enclosure 1-8 Cable-Management System 1-8 Card Cage Fan Tray 1-10 Power Supply Fan Tray 1-11 AC-Input and DC-Input Power Supplies 1-12

Operating Modes of the Power Supplies 1-14 Features of the Power Supplies 1-15 Characteristics of the Power Supplies 1-16 AC-Input Power Supply Faceplate 1-16 DC-Input Power Supply Faceplate 1-19

Table of Contents v

Upper Card Cage and Associated Components 1-23

Gigabit Route Proces sor 1-25 Performance Route Processor 1-34 Switch Fabric of the Cisco 12008 1-43 Clock and Scheduler Card 1-44

Cisco 12000 Series Line Cards 1-54 Air Filter Assembly 1 - 69 Lower Card Cage and Associated Components 1-69

Switch Fabric Cards 1-70

Power Distribution System in the Cisco 12008 1-72 Cisco 12008 Environmental Monitoring Facility 1-74 System Specifications 1-75 Agency Approvals 1-78

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation 2-1

Safety Recommendations 2-2

Lifting Guidelines 2-3 Safety with Electricity 2-4 Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage 2-5 Laser Safety 2-6

Site Requirements Guidelines 2-7

Rack-Mounting Guidelines 2-7 Air Flow Guidelines 2-10 Temperature and Humidity Guidelines 2-13 Power Guidelines 2-14

AC-Powered Systems 2-14

DC-Powered Systems 2-16

System Ground Connection Guidelines 2-18 Site Wiring Guidelines 2-19

EMI Considerations 2-20 Synchronous Optical Network Connection Guidelines 2-21

Power Budget 2-22

Approximating the Line Card Power Margin 2-23

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Multimode Power Budget Example (with Sufficient Power for

Transmission) 2-24

Multimode Power Budget Example of Dispersion Limit 2-25

Single-Mode Transmission 2-25

SONET Single-Mode Power Budget Example 2-25

Using Statistics to Estimate the Power Budget 2-26

Installation Tools Required 2-26 Unpacking the Cisco 12008 2- 27 Checking the Contents of the Shipping Container 2-27 Using a Site Log 2-28

Chapter 3 Installing a Cisco 12008 3-1

Installation Considerations 3-2 Installing the Mounting Brackets 3 -3 Removing Components from the Router 3-6

Removing Cards from the Upper Card Cage 3-6 Removing a Power Supply from the Router 3-9

Rack-Mounting the Cisco 12008 3-11 Reinstalling Components in the Router 3-14

Reinstalling the Cards in the Upper Card Cage 3-14 Reinstalling the Power Supplies in the Router 3-15

Connecting the Line Card Cables 3-17 Connecting Route Processor Cables 3-20

GRP Console and Auxiliary Port Connection Equipment 3-20

GRP Console Port Signals 3-22

GRP Auxiliary Port Signals 3-23 GRP Ethernet Connection Equipment 3-23 PRP Console and Auxiliary Port Connection Guidelines 3-27

PRP Console Port Signals 3-29

PRP Auxiliary Port Signals 3-29 PRP Ethernet Connection Equipment 3-30

PRP Ethernet Connections 3-31

Table of Contents vii

Connecting an External Alarm Monitoring Facility 3-34 Connecting System Ground 3-38 Connecting Source Power to the Power Supplies 3-41

Connecting Source Power to an AC-Input Power Supply 3-42

Connecting Source Power to a DC-Input Power Supply 3-46

Starting the Cisco 12008 3-50

Chapter 4 Observing System Startup and Performing a Basic Configuration 4-1

Sources of Cisco IOS Softwar e 4-2 Checking Conditions Prior to System Startup 4-3 Starting the System and Observing Initial Condit ion s 4-4 Configuring the Cisco 12008 4-11

Using the Setup Facility or the Setup Command 4-13

Configuring Global Parameters 4-14

Sample Display of Global Parameters 4-19

Configuring Network Interfaces 4-20

Checking the Software Version Number and the Installed

Interfaces 4-25 Using the Global Configuration Mode 4-26 Verifying the Running Configuration Settings 4-27

Example of Running Configuration Settings for Quad OC-3 POS

Interface 4-28

Example of Running Configuration Settings for OC-12 POS

Interface 4-29

Example of Running Configuration Settings for OC-12 ATM

Interface 4-29 Saving the Running Configuration Settings to NVRAM 4-30 Reviewing the Running Configuration Settings 4-31

Performing Other Configuration Tasks 4-33

Configuring the Software Configuration Register 4-33

Boot Field Settings and the Use of the Boot Command 4-36

Changing the Software Configuration Register S ettings 4-38

Meaning of Bits in the Software Configuration Register 4-39

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Recovering a Lost Password 4-43 Using Flash Memory Cards in the RP 4-46

Installing and Removing a Flash Memory Card in a RP 4 - 47

Formatting a Flash Memory Card 4-49

Specifying a Cisco IOS Image for Booting the System 4-50

Console Commands Associated with Flash Memory Use 4-51

Enabling Booting from Flash Memory 4-53

Copying Files to a Flash Memory Medium 4-54

Copying a Cisco IOS Software Image onto a Flash Memory

Card 4-55

Copying Cisco IOS Software Images between Flash Memory

Cards 4-57

Copying System Config uration Files bet ween RP Memory and a Fl ash

Memory Card 4-59

Recovering from Locked Blocks in Flash Memory Cards 4-63

What to Do Next? 4-64 If You Need More Configuration Information 4-64

Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the Installation 5-1

Troubleshooting Overview 5-2

Normal System Status at Startup 5-2 Problem Solving Using a Subsystem Approach 5-4 Identifying Startup Problems 5-6

Normal System Startup Sequence 5-6

Power Supply Status LEDs 5-7

Troubleshooting the Power Subsystem 5-10 Troubleshooting the Processor Subsys tem 5-12

Troubleshooting the RP 5-13 Troubleshooting the Line Cards 5-15

CSC Alarm Funct ions 5-17

Troubleshooting the Cooling Subsystem 5-17 Additional Troubleshooting Reference Information 5-20

Table of Contents ix

Chapter 6 Running Diagnostics on the Cisco 12008 6-1

Diagnostic Test Overview 6-1 Using the diag Command 6-2 Diagnostic Testing Sequence 6-3 Loading and Running Diagnostics 6-4

Diagnostic Examples 6-5

Without verbose Option 6-6

With verbose Option 6-7

Failed Diagnostic 6-9

Chapter 7 Maintaining the Cisco 12008 7-1

Cleaning the Air Filter 7-2 Installing and Removing a Blank Filler Panel 7-5 Adding, Removing, or Replacing an AC-Input Power Supply 7-7

Adding an AC-Input Power Supply 7-7 Removing an AC-Input Power Supply 7-11 Replacing an Existing AC-Input Powe r Supp l y 7-13 Verifying the Install ation of an AC-Input P ower Supply 7-15

Adding, Removing, or Replacing a DC-Input Power Supply 7-17

Adding a DC-Input Power Supply 7-18 Removing a DC-Input Power Supply 7-29 Replacing a DC-Input Power Supply 7-32 Verifying the Installation of a DC-Input Power Supply 7-37

Removing and Replacing the Fan Trays 7-38

Removing t he Fan Tray from the Low er Card Cag e 7-39 Installing a Fan Tray in the Lower Card Cage 7-42 Removing the Power Supply Fan Tray 7-44 Installing the Power Supply Fan Tray 7-46 Checking the Installation of a Fan Tray 7-48 Status LEDs for the Fan Trays 7-48

Removing and Replacing the RP 7-51

Removing t he RP 7-52

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Installing the RP 7-54 Checking the Installation of the RP 7-56

Removing and Replacing Line Cards 7-56 Removing and Replacing Switch Cards 7-56

Removing an SFC 7-57 Installing an SFC 7-59 Removing a CSC 7-61 Installing a CSC 7-63 Checking the Installation of Switch Cards 7-64

Removing and Replacing the Cable Management System 7-68

Removing a Cable-Management Tray 7-68 Installing a Cable-Management Tray 7-72 Removing a Cable-Management Bracket 7-74 Installing a Cable-Management Bracket 7-77

Upgrading Memory on a Line Card 7-80

Removing a Line Card from the Router 7-83 Removing a DIMM from a L ine Card 7-86 Installing a New DIMM on a Line Card 7-87 Reinstalling a Line Card in the Router 7-88 Checking the Installation of Line Card Memory 7-89

Upgrading Memory on the RP 7-90

Appendix A Unpacking and Repacking the Cisco 12008 A-1

Cisco 12008 Packaging Materials A-2 Unpacking/Packing Tools A-4

Index

Table of Contents xi

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

About This Guide

This section describes the objectives, intended audience, and organization of this document. The conventions used to convey instructions and information are also included.

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a CD-ROM package that ships with your product. The Documentation CD-ROM, a member of the Cisco Connection Family, is updated monthly. Therefore, it might be more up to date than printed documentation. To order additional copies of the Documentation CD-ROM, contact your local sales representative or call customer service. The C D-ROM package is available as a single package or through an annual subscription. You can also access Cisco documentation on the World Wide Web at URL http://www.cisco.com, http://www-china.cisco.com, or http://www-europe.cisco.com.

Document Objectives

This installation and configuration guide explains the hardware installation and basic configuration pro cedures for a Cisco 12008 rout er . It contains procedur es for instal ling the hardware, creating a basic configuration file, and starting the router. After completing the installation and basic configuration procedures, you use appropriate companion publications to more completely configure your system.

Audience

In using this document, you are expected to be familiar with Cisco routers or equivalent hardware and cabling, electronic circuitry, and wiring practices. Also, experience as an electronic or electromechanical technician is beneficial.

About This Guide xiii

Document Organization

This document is organized as follows:

• Chapter 1, “Product Overview,” introduces the Cisco 12008 router and describes the

system’s components.

• Chapter 2, “Preparing for Installation,” outlines the safety considerations that you

should observe and the tools required during installation of your Cisco 12008 router. Also, this chapter provides an overview of the installation process and presents the procedures you should perform before actually installing the router.

• Chapter 3, “Installing a Cisco 12008,” presents instructions for installing the hardware

and connecting the external network interface cables.

• Chapter 4, “Observing System Startup and Performing a Basic Configuration,” presents

simple procedures for completing a bas ic system configuration and checki ng and saving the configuration to system memory.

• Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting the Installation,” presents guidelines for troubleshooting

the Cisco 1 2008 hardware installation.

• Chapter 6, “Running Diagnostics on the Cisco 12008,” tells y ou how to load and run the

Cisco 12008 field diagnostics.

• Chapter 7, “Maintaining the Cisco 12008,” presents simple maintenance procedures

that you might need to perform after installing the Cisco 12008. Also included in this chapter are remov al an d replacemen t p roced ures f or the field-replaceable units (FRUs) available for the Cisco 12008.

• Appendix A, “Unpacking and Repacking the Cisco 12008,” presents instructions for

repackaging the Cisco 12008 router should it need to be transported to another site.

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Document Conventions

The conventions used in this document are described in the following sections.

Conventions Used in Command Descriptions

The following conventions are used for command descriptions:

• Examples containing system prompts denote interactive sessions. Such examples

indicate that you should enter commands at the system prompt. The system prompt indicates the current level of the EXEC command interpreter. For

example, the prompt

router# indicates that you are at the privileged EXEC level.

Access to the privileged EXEC level requires a password. Refer to the section entitled “If Y ou Need More Configuration Information” in Chapter 4 for additional information.

• Commands and keywords are in boldface font.

• Arguments for which you supply values are in italic font.

• Elements enclosed in square brackets ([ ]) are optional.

router> indicates that you are at the user EXEC lev el; the prompt

Document Conventions

• Alternative, but required, key words are grouped in br aces ({ }) and separated b y vertical

bars (|).

• The symbol ^ represents the key labeled Control. For example, the ke y combination ^Z

means that you should hold down the Control key while pressing the Z key.

About This Guide xv

Document Conventions

Conventions Used in Examples

The following conventions are used in examples:

• Terminal sessions and sample console screen displays are in screen font.

• Information that you enter is in boldface screen font.

• Nonprinting characters, such as passwords, are in angle brackets (< >).

• Default responses to system prompts are enclosed in square brackets ([ ]).

• An exclamation point (!) at the beginning of a line indicates a comment line.

Conventions Used for Special Notices

The following conventions are used to alert you to hazardous conditions that may exist in the workplace or to instruct you to proceed with care to avoid equipment damage or personal injury:

Caution Means reader be careful. You should avoid any action that might result in

equipment damage or loss of data.

Note Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to

information not contained in this document.

Timesaver Means the described action saves time. You can save time by performing the

action described in the paragraph.

Warning This warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause

bodily injury. Before you work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing acciden ts. To see translations of the warnings that appear in this publication, refer to the Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information document that accompanied this device.

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Document Conventions

Waarschuwing Dit waarschuwingssymbool betekent gevaar . U verkeert in een situatie die

lichamelijk letsel kan veroorzaken. Voordat u aan enige apparatuur gaat werken, dient u zich bewust te zijn van de bij elektrische schakelingen betrokken risico's en dient u op de hoogte te zijn van standaard maatregelen om ongelukken te voorkomen. Voor vertalingen van de waarschuwingen die in deze publicatie verschijnen, kunt u het document Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Informatie over naleving van veiligheids- en andere voorschriften) raadplegen dat bij dit toestel is ingesloten.

Varoitus Tämä varoitusmerkki merkitsee vaaraa. Olet tilanteessa, joka voi johtaa

ruumiinvammaan. Ennen kuin työskentelet minkään laitteiston parissa, ota selvää sähkökytkentöihin liittyvistä vaaroista ja tavanomaisista onnettomuuksien ehkäisykeinoista. Tässä julkaisussa esiintyvien varoitusten käännökset löyd ä t laitteen mukana olevasta Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information -kirjasesta (määräysten noudattaminen ja tietoa turvallisuudesta).

Attention Ce symbole d'avertissement indique un danger. Vous vous trouvez dans une

situation pouvant causer des blessur es o u des do mmag es corpo rels. Avant de travailler sur un équipement, soyez conscient des dangers posés par les circuits électriques et familiarisez-vous a vec les procédures coura mment utilisées pour éviter les accidents. Pour prendre connaissance des traductions d’avertissements figurant dans cette publication, consultez le document Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Confo rmit é aux règlements et consignes de sécurité) qui accompagne cet appareil.

Warnung Dieses Warnsymbol bedeutet Gefahr. Sie befinden s ich in einer Situation, die zu

einer Körperverletzung führen könnte. Bevor Sie mit der Arbeit an irgendeinem Gerät beginnen, seien Sie sich der mit elektrischen Stromkreisen v erb un denen Gefah ren und der Standardpraktiken zur Vermeidung von Unfällen bewußt. Übersetzungen der in dieser Veröffentlichung enthaltenen Warnhinweise finden Sie im Dokument Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Informationen zu behördlichen Vorschriften und Sicherheit), das zusammen mit diesem Gerät geliefert wurde.

Avvertenza Questo simbolo di avvertenza indica un pericolo. La situazione potrebbe

causare infortuni alle persone. Prima di lavorare su qualsiasi apparecchiatura, occorre conoscere i pericoli relativi ai circuiti elettrici ed essere al corr ente delle p ratiche st andar d per la prevenzione di incidenti. La traduzione delle avvertenze riportate in questa pubblicazione si trova nel documento Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Conformità alle norme e informazioni sulla sicurezza) che accompagna q uesto dispositiv o.

About This Gu ide xvii

Obtaining Documentation

Advarsel Dette varselsymbolet betyr fare. Du befinner deg i en situasjon som kan føre til

personskade. Før du u tfører arbeid på utstyr , må du vare o ppmerksom på de faremome ntene som elektriske kretser innebærer, samt gjøre deg kjent med vanlig praksis når det gjelder å unngå ulykker. Hvis du vil se oversettelser av de advarslene som finnes i denne publikasjonen, kan du se i dokumentet Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Overholdelse av forskrifter og sikkerhetsinformasjon) som ble levert med denne enheten.

Aviso Este símbolo de aviso indica perigo. Encontra-se numa situação que lhe poderá

causar danos físicos. Antes de começar a trabalhar com qualquer equipamento, familiarizese com os perigos relacionados co m circu itos eléctricos , e com qu aisqu er p ráticas comu ns que possam prevenir possíveis acidentes. Para ver as traduções dos avisos que constam desta publicação, consulte o documento Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Informação de Segurança e Disposições Reguladoras) que acompanha este dispositivo.

¡Advertencia! Este símbolo de aviso significa peligro. Existe riesgo para su integridad

física. Antes de manipular cu alquier equipo, cons iderar los riesgos qu e entraña la corriente eléctrica y familiarizarse con los procedimientos estándar de pre vención de accidentes. Para ver una traducción de las advertencias que aparecen en esta publicación, consultar el documento titulado Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Información sobre seguridad y conformidad con las disposiciones reglamentarias) que se acompaña con este dispositivo.

Varning! Denna varningssymbol signalerar fara. Du befinner dig i en situation som kan

leda till personskada. Innan du utför arbete på någon utrustning måste du vara medveten om farorna med elkretsar och känna till vanligt förfarande för att förebygga skador. Se förklaringar av de varningar som förkommer i denna publikation i dokumentet Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Efterrättelse av föreskrifter och säkerhetsin formation), vilket medföl jer denna anordning.

Obtaining Documentation

World Wide Web

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Documentation CD-ROM

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a CD-ROM package, which ships with your product. The Documentation CD-ROM is updated monthly. Th erefore, it is probably more current than printed documentation. The CD-ROM package is available as a single unit or as an annual subscription.

Ordering Documentation

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Nonregistered CCO users can order documentation thro ugh a local accou nt representative by calling Cisco’s corporate headquarters (California, USA) at 408 526-4000 or, in North America, call 800 553-NETS (6387).

Obtaining Technical Assistance

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Obtaining T echnical Assistance

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CCO’s broad range of features and services helps customers and partners to streamline business processes and improve productivity. Through CCO, you will find information about Cisco and our networking solutions, services, and programs. In addition, you can

About This Guide xix

Obtaining T echnical Assistance

resolve technical issues with online support services, do wnload and test software pa ckages, and order Cisco learning materials and merchandise. Valuable online skill assessment, training, and certification programs are also available.

Customers and partners can self-register on CCO to obtain additional personalized information and services. Registered users may order products, check on the status of an order and view benefits specific to their relationships with Cisco.

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To display the TAC web site that includes links to technical support information an d software upgrades and for requesting TAC support, use www.cisco.com/techsupport.

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Language E-mail Addres s

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In North America, TAC can be reached at 800 553-2447 or 408 526-7209. For other telephone numbers and TAC e-mail addresses worldwide, consult the following web site: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml.

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You can e-mail your comments to bug-doc@cisco.com. To submit your comments by mail, for your convenience many documents contain a

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We appreciate and value your comments.

About This Guide xxi

Obtaining T echnical Assistance

xxii

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

CHAPTER

Product Overview

This chapter presents an overview of the Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router. The following sections are included in this chapter:

• Cisco’s Next Generation of Routers

• Features of the Cisco 12008 Router

• Overview of the Cisco 12008

• Router Enclosure

• Cable-Manage ment System

• Card Cage Fan Tray

• Power Supply Fan Tray

• AC-Input and DC-Input Power Supplies

• Upper Card Cage and Associated Components

• Air Filter Assembly

• Lower Card Cage and Associated Components

• Power Distribution System in the Cisco 12008

• Cisco 12008 Environmental Monitoring Facility

• System Specifications

• Agency Approvals

Product Overview 1-1

Cisco’s Next Generation of Routers

Cisco’s Next Generation of Ro uters

Cisco Systems’ new family of Internet switching and routing products, referred to collectively as the Cisco 12000 Series Gigabit Switch Routers, consists of the following models:

• Cisco 12016 Gigabit Switch Router—A 16-slot, carrier-class platform that supports

Internet protocol (IP) switching capacity of up to 160Gbps.

• Cisco 12012 Gigabit Switc h Router—A 12-slot version t hat support s IP datagram

switching capacities ranging from 15 to 60 Gb ps.

• Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switc h Router—An 8-slot version t hat supports IP datagram

switching capacities ranging from 10 to 40 Gbps. The Cisco 12008 is the subject of this document.

The architecture of the Cisco 12000 Series Gigabit Switch R outers p rovides the following networking capabilities and features:

• Scalable bandwidth—Supports high-speed transm ission of IP datagrams through use of

Cisco 12000 series line cards. The network interf aces reside on the line cards, providing connectivity between the router’s switch fabric and external networks.

• Scalable performance—Supports multi-gigabit bandwidth switching capacities ranging

from 5 to 60 Gbps, providing high-performance support for IP-based networks and wide-area networks (WANs).

1-2

• Scalable services—Supports sophisticated congestion management, multicast services,

and quality-of-service (QOS) features.

• Carrier-class design—Supports extensive SONET/Synchrononous Digital Hierarchy

(SDH) integration; supports a hot-swapping capability for field-replaceable units (FRUs).

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

The networking capabilities and features of the Cisco 12000 series of routers make them ideally suited to meet the needs of the following classes of users:

• Int ernet service providers (ISPs)

• Carriers providing Internet services and utilities

• Competitive access providers (CAPs)

• Enterprise wide-area network (WAN) backbones

• Metropolitan-area network (MAN) backbones

Features of the Cisco 12008 Router

The Cisco 12008 router incorporates a hi gh-speed s witching f abric that provides high datahandling capacities for IP-based local- and wide-area networks. Figure 1-1 is a front view of the Cisco 12008 router.

All of the router’s major components and FRUs are accessible from the front of the router enclosure, making the router easy to install, configure, and maintain.

Features of the Cisco 12008 Router

Product Overview 1-3

Features of the Cisco 12008 Router

Figure 1-1 Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router

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The Cisco 12008 supports the following features:

• Online insertion and removal (OIR) capability—This feature allows you to insert or

remove the following router components: — Power supplies—One AC-input power supply or one DC-input power supply is a

required router component. You can remove or replace a power supply, without disrupting system operatio ns , on ly i f a seco nd ( redundant) unit of the same type i s installed in the system.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Features of the Cisco 12008 Router

The power supplies of bo th types are hot-swappable, lo ad-sharing units. In a system equipped with two A C-input power supplie s or two DC-input po wer supplies, i f one of the units fails or if the power source for one of the units fails, the surviving power supply continues to operate to sustain normal router operations.

Note The Cisco 12008 does not support a mixture of AC-input and DC-input power

supplies.

— Cisco 12 000 s eries l ine cards—Any line card s upported by the Cisco 12008 router

can be inserted into or removed from the router with no disruption to system operations.

However, the functio ns performed by the removed card are lost to the system temporarily until the card is either reinstalled or replaced by a like (and identically configured) line card.

— Route Processor (RP)—As a requir ed router component, an R P can be remov ed and

replaced, but you must power down the router before doing so. An RP must be installed and operational at all times fo r normal sy st em oper a tio ns

to be sustained.

— Clock and scheduler card (CSC)—Also a required component, a CSC can be

removed and replaced, without disrupting normal system operations, only if a second (redundant) CSC is installed in the system.

One CSC must be present and operational at all times to maintain normal system operations.

— Switch fabric card (SFC)—An optional set of three SFCs can be installed in the

router at any time to provide additional switch fabric to the router. These cards increase the data handling capacity of the router.

Any one or all of th e SFCs can be remov ed and rep laced at any time without system operations being disrupted or the router being powered down.

For the length of time that any SFC is not functional, its switch fabric is lost to the router as a potential data path for the router’s data han dling and switchi ng functions.

Product Overview 1-5

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Separately orderable document s called conf igur ation notes or replacement instructions are available for each of the FRUs described previously. These documents provide installation, removal, replacement, and configuration instructions for the FRUs.

• Environmental monitoring system—Th e maintenance bus (MBus) facility of the Cisco

12008 functions as an environmental monitoring system for the router, enabling the router to monitor itself and alert site personnel to adverse electrical events or environmental conditions.

MBus software running in the RP, in combination with LEDs on the CSC faceplate, keep site personnel informed regarding the operational state of the router.

By signaling alarm conditions, such as component overheating or out-of-tolerance voltages, the router enables you to resolve adverse environmental conditions before operational limits are exceeded, thus preventing the router from shutting down.

The MBus facility of the router is described in greater detail in the section entitled

“Cisco 12008 Environmental Monitoring Facility” on page 74.

• Downloadable software—This feature allows you to remotely load new operational

software into Flash memory on the RP without physically accessing the router. Thus, you can quickly, easily, and reliably perform software upgrades at any time.

Overview of the Cisco 12008

The Cisco 12008 is a modular system consisting of the elements shown in Figure 1-2. The following sections describe the major elements of the Cisco 12008 in greater detail.

1-6

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Figure 1-2 Major Components of the Cisco 12008

Router enclosure

Cable-management tray

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Overview of the Cisco 12008

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fan tray

Product Overview 1-7

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Router Enclosure

The outer shell of the Cisco 12008 is a rigid, sheet metal structure with the following dimensions:

• Width—17.4 inches (44.6 cm)

• Depth—21.2 inches (54.4 cm)

• Height— 24.8 inches (63.6 cm)

This enclosure, which houses all of the router’s internal components, can be mounted in a telco rack or a four-post equipment rack, or the enclosure can be used as a freestanding unit.

The design of the enclosure permits front accessibility of all router components. All router components plug into a backplane that provides operating power for the components and interconnects them with each other.

The backplane, which is covered by a sheet metal panel that helps to completely enclose the rear of the router, incorporates a nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM) module that stores the backplane serial number for identification an d revision control purposes. The contents of the NVRAM module are accessible from any line card slot.

Cable-Management System

The cable-management system provides an orderly and convenient way for you to manage the network interface cables running to and fr om the receiv e and trans mit ports of installed line cards.

Consisting of a cable-management tray and a vertical cable-management bracket (one bracket for each installed line card), the cable-management system (see Figure 1-3) secures the network interface cables neatly in place. The cable management system helps to optimize optical cable performance by eliminating any kinks or sharp bends in the cables. Extreme curvatures in optical cables tend to degrade their performance.

The elements of the cable-management system are shown in Figure 1-3 and described briefly in the following sections:

• Cable-management tray—This tray is attached to the router enclosure above the upper

card cage.

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

The cable management tray enables you to route the line card interface cab les to or from the system through the left side o f the tray , k eeping the cables or ganized, out of the w ay , and free of kinks or sharp bends.

You direct the cables down to the individual ports on each line card, gauging cable length appropriately to minimize slack in the cable before co nnecting it to a gi v en port.

Figure 1-3 Cable-Management System

cable-management

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tray

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Product Overview 1-9

Overview of the Cisco 12008

• Vertical cable-management bracket (one per line card)—This bracket is attached to a

line card by means of captive installation screws at the top and bottom of the bracket. Once an interface cable is connected to its intended line card port, you loop the cable

through the cable keeper clip nearest the port of connection and seat the cable in the bottom of the bracket raceway.

Thus, the vertical cable-management bracket enables you to neatly “dress” all the interface cables in place as you connect them to the individual line card ports.

Later, when you remove o r replace a line card, yo u need only disconnect th e cables from the individual line card ports (leaving the cables intact within the vertical cablemanagement bracket) and detach the bracket from the line card to be replaced.

When you install the new line card, you mer ely reattach the ver tical cable-management bracket to the new line card and reconnect the interface cables to the appropriate line card port(s).

Card Cage Fan Tray

The card cage fan tray is located in the lower card cage behind the air filter assembly (see Figure 1-2). This fan tray maintains the operating temperature of the router’s electronic circuitry within an acceptable range.

1-10

Designed for simplicity, the card cage fan tray incorporates six fans mounted on a sheet metal carrier. The assemb ly also contains associated wiring and a connector in the back of the unit that enables it to draw operating power through the backplane from a DC-DC converter on the CSC.

Guide rails in the sides of the lower card cage facilitate insertion and removal of the fan tray assembly, which is secured in place by means of a captive installation screw on each side of the metal carrier.

Under normal operating conditions, the v ariable-speed fans in the card cage fa n tray operate at a reduced rate to

• Conserve power

• Reduce noise

• Minimize fan wear

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

If an overtemperature condition or a fan failure is detected within the router, the master MBus module on the RP directs t he MBus module on the clock and scheduler ca rd (C SC ) to increase the operating voltage being delivered to the fan tray, causing the card cage fans to run at “maximum” speed. This increases the volume of cooling air flowing through the router.

If the increased fan speed does not alleviate the overtemperature condition in the affected board, the M Bus module o n the board shuts down the board’s power supply, taking the board offline to protect it from thermal damage.

The MBus facility of the Cisco 12008 router is described in greater detail in the section entitled “Cisco 12008 Environmental Monitoring Facility” on page 74.

Power Supply Fan T ray

The power supply fan tray is in the bottom of the power supply bays (see Figure 1-2). This fan tray maintains the temperature of the installed power supply(ies) within an acceptable range.

Also designed for simplicity, the power supply fan tray incorporates four fans mounted on a sheet metal carrier. The fan tray assembly contains associated wiring and a connector in the back of the unit that enables it to draw operating power through the backplane from a DC-DC converter on the CSC.

Overview of the Cisco 12008

A captive installation screw mounted on the fan tray faceplate and guide rails in the sides of the power supply bay facilitate insertion and removal of the unit. Once the unit is inserted, you secure it in place by tightening the captive installation screw clockwise.

Similar to the card cage fan tray, the power supply fan tray is closely tied to the router’s overall environmental monitoring system. If an overheating condition or a fan failure is detected within the router, the voltage being deli vered to the power supply fans b y the CSC is also increased, thereby causing the power supply fans to run at “maximum speed” to increase the volume of cooling passing through the power supply bays.

Product Overview 1-11

Overview of the Cisco 12008

AC-Input and DC-Input Power Supplies

The Cisco 12008 router can be configured to operate with AC source power or DC source power. Yo u can i ns tall one or two A C -i np ut p ower supplies or o ne o r t wo DC-input power supplies in the power supply bays located in the right side of the router enclosure (see Figure 1-2).

A single power supply of either type is the standard router configuration. In such a configuration, it is recommended that you install the power supply in the lower bay.

Y ou can install a second (optional and redundant) po wer supply of the same typ e for backup purposes.

Caution A vacant power supply bay must be covered with a blank filler panel to ensure

proper flow of cooling air through the power supply bays and to satisfy EMI compliance requirements.

Note You cannot use an AC-input power supply in conjunction with a DC-input power

supply . Instal led po wer supplies m ust always be of the sa me type. Further more, you shou ld not install two power supplies of either type unless you intend to actively use both units. In other words, you should not power the router with a single power supply while using the other bay to temporarily or indefinitely “store” an inert unit. Doing so will disrupt the normal flow of cooling air through the router enclosure.

1-12

Figure 1-4 shows an AC-input power supply; Figure 1-5 shows a DC-input power supply.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Figure 1-4 AC-Input Power Supply

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Overview of the Cisco 12008

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Product Overview 1-13

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-5 DC-Input Power Supply

THIS UNIT TO BE INSTALLED

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Operating Modes of the Power Supplies

The AC-input and DC-input power supplies operate in either of two modes:

• Standalone mode—In this configuration, only one power supply is installed in one of

the two available power supply bays. To remove or replace a single power supply, you must first power down the system.

1-14

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Plastic safety shield

• Redundan t (1+1) mode —In this configuration, two power supplies are installed in the

power supply bays, sharing the load current to provide required DC operating voltages to the backplane. If one of the units fails, the surviving power supply takes over to maintain normal system operations.

The online insertion and removal (OIR) capability of the router enables you to add or remove a redundant power supply without introducing noise in the DC operating voltages being supplied to the backplane.

Features of the Power Supplies

The AC-input and DC-input power supplies incorporate the following features:

• Onboard maintenance bus (MBus ) mo dule —The MBus modu le on the po wer supp ly is

a microprocessor-based subassembly that links the power supply to the router’s environmental monitoring system.

The environmental monitoring system includes identical MBus modules on all of the router circuit boards, including the RP. This system enables you to perform router functions and to respond to alarm conditions (such as overtemperature or overvoltage conditions).

An alarm condition in the router causes the MBus module on the CSC to illuminate an appropriate LED on the card faceplate, providing a visible notification of the alarm condition.

Overview of the Cisco 12008

• Blind mating connector at the back of the unit—Supplies DC operating voltages to the

backplane for distribution to the router’s electronic and electrical components.

• OIR capability—Enables a second AC-in put power supply t o be installed in or remov ed

from the router without disrupting normal system operations.

• Temperature sensor—Measures the ambient air temperature of the power supply.

Product Overview 1-15

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Characteristics of the Power Supplies

The AC-input and the DC-input power supplies have the following characteristics:

• Width of power supply body—3.5 inches (8.97 cm)

• Width of power supply faceplate—4.0 inches (10.26 cm)

• Height—10 inches (25.64 cm)

• Depth—17.6 inches (45.13 cm)

• Weight (AC-input power supply)—17 lb (7.73 kg)

• Weight (DC-input power supply)—14 lb (6.36 kg)

• Power factor corrector (PFC)—Applicable only to the AC-input power supply, the PFC

enables the power supply to accept source AC voltages with the following characteristics: voltages ranging from 180 to 264 VAC, single phase, 47 to 63 Hz.

AC-Input Power Supply Faceplate

This section describes the functional elements built into the faceplate of the AC-input power supply (se e Figure 1-6).

1-16

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Rotary power switch

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-6 AC-Input Power Supply Faceplate

Carrying handle

tive installation screw

CAUTION

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Product Overview 1-17

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Rotary Power Switch

The rotary power switch on the power supply faceplate (see Figure 1-6) applies a source AC vo ltage to the po wer s upply. This switch also actuates an onboard circuit breaker an d a latching mechanism that prevents the power supply from being inserted into or removed from the power supply bay when the switch is in the ON (1) position.

When you rotate the rotary power switch 90 degrees to the ON position, the following DC operating voltages are supplied to the backplane:

• +5.2 VDC

• –48 VDC

Source AC Input Connector

The source AC receptacle on the power supply faceplate (see Figure 1-6) enables an external A C po wer sour ce to be conn ected to the po wer supply. This connector is equipped with a latch that prevents accidental or unintended removal of the AC power cord.

The power specifications for the A C-input po wer supplies, as well as the source A C power cables available for use with the Cisco 12008 router, are described in Chapter 2 in the section entitled “AC-Powered Systems.”

1-18

AC-Input Power Supply LEDs

The AC-input po wer s upply faceplate inco rporates two LEDs (s ee Figure 1-6) that provide the following status indications:

• AC INPUT OK—When the rotary power switch is turned ON, this green LED goes on,

indicating that source AC power has been applied and that it is within the specified operating range. If this LED does not go on when the rotary power switch is turned ON, it indicates that source AC power is not within the specified operating range or that the LED is faulty.

• OUTPUT FAIL—When the rotary power switch is turned on, this LED goes on

momentarily; it should then go off and remain so. If it does not go off, it indicates that the +5.2 VDC or –48 VDC being supplied to the backplane is not within tolerance.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

DC-Input Power Supply Faceplate

This section describes the functional elements built into the faceplate of the DC-input power supply (se e Figure 1-7).

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Product Overview 1-19

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-7 DC-Input Power Supply Faceplate

Rotary power switch

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THIS UNIT TO BE INSTALLED

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1-20

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

CAUTION:

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Overview of the Cisco 12008

Rotary Power Switch

The rotary power switch on the DC-input pow er supply performs the same functions as those described in the section entitled “Rotary Power Switch” on page 18 for the AC-input power supply.

Circuit Breaker Alarm Terminal Block

The onboard power supply circuit breaker actuated by the rotary power switch on the DCinput power supply incorporates an auxiliary switch that is mechanically linked to (but electrically isolated from) the power supply circuit breaker.

When the power supply circuit breaker is tripped by an overcurrent condition in the power supply, this auxiliary switch mov es in unison, sending a signal to the circuit breaker alarm terminal block on the power supply faceplate (see Figure 1-7).

To remotely sense when the power supply circuit breaker has been tripped during an overcurrent condition, you can attach an external alarm-monitoring facility to the alarm terminal block. When the power supply circuit breaker is tripped, power is no longer delivered to the back plane and the router ceas es to operate. Hence, if you have attached an external alarm monitoring facility to the alarm terminal block, site personnel can be instantly alerted to this serious fault condition.

T ypically , an external alarm -monitoring system incorporates a light panel (visible alarm) or a klaxon (audible alarm) as the means for alerting site personnel to an alarm condition.

To reset the alarm contacts on the alarm terminal block, you must turn the rotary power switch on the power supply OFF and then ON again, much as you would reset any circuit breaker.

Note Any time you manually actuate the rotary power switch, such as when powering

down the router, the contacts on the alarm terminal block remain unaffected. Hence, activation of the contacts on the alarm terminal block occurs only during a power supply overcurrent condition. In other words, these contacts are used to provide an immediate, overt indication of a power supply fault condition; they are not used to merely indicate that a circuit breaker has been turned off manually.

Product Overview 1-21

Overview of the Cisco 12008

The three contacts on the alarm terminal block are labeled as follows:

• COM (Common)—This contact is common to both the Normally Open (NO) and the

Normally Closed (NC) contacts.

• NO (Normally Open)—These contacts on the alarm terminal block are open as long as

no overcurrent condition is detected in the power supply. When the power supply circuit breaker is tripped during an overcurrent condition, these contacts are closed.

• NC (Normally Closed)—These contacts on the alarm terminal block ar e closed as long

as no overcurrent condition is detected in the power supply. When the power supply circuit breaker is tripped during an overcurrent condition, these contacts are open.

Table 1-1 summarizes the status of the contacts on the alarm terminal block during an overcurrent condition in the power supply.

Table 1-1 Circuit Breaker Status Indicated by the Alarm Terminal Block Circuit Breaker Position NC Contact NO Contact

OFF (tripped) Open Closed ON Closed Open

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If you decide to use an external alarm-monitoring facility in conjunction with the alarm terminal block, note that the contacts on the alarm terminal block ha v e a rating o f 60 VDC at 1A maximum.

Source DC Input Connectors

The faceplate of the DC-input power supply incorporates three sets of terminals for connecting source DC power to the power supply (see Figure 1-7). From top to bottom, these terminals are identified as follows:

• Ground

• + (positive)

• – (negative)

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

The power specifications for the DC-input power supplies, as well as the specifications of the source DC power cables for use with the Cis co 12008 router, are presented in the section entitled “DC-Powered Systems” on page 16 in Chapter 2.

DC-Input Power Supply LEDs

The DC-input power supply faceplate incorporates two LEDs (see Figure 1-7) that provide the following status indications:

• INPUT OK—When the rotary power switch is turned ON, this green LED goes on

immediately, indicating that source DC power is applied and that it is within the specified operating range (–40.5 VDC to –75 VDC). If this LED does not go on when the rotary power switch is turned ON, the source DC power being applied to the power supply is not within the normal operating range or the LED is faulty.

• OUTPUT FAIL—When the rotary power switch is turned on, this LED goes on

momentarily; it should then go off and remain so. If it does not go off, it indicates that the +5.2 VDC or –48 VDC being supplied to the backplane is not within tolerance.

Upper Card Cage and Associated Components

The upper card cage (see Figure 1-8) contains ten slots that accommodate the following types of cards in the quantities indicated:

Overview of the Cisco 12008

• One Route Processor (RP)—A RP is a standard and required router componen t; the RP

must be present and operational at all times. It is recommended that you install the RP in the left-most slot (slot 0) in the upper card cage.

• Either one or two clock and scheduler cards (CSCs)—One CSC is a standard and

required router component; one CSC must be present and op erational in the router at all times. For redundancy, you can install a second CSC for use as a backup.

T wo dedicated slot s in the middle of the upper card ca ge (CSC0 and CSC1) are reserv ed for the CSCs. Because the backplane connector of a CSC differs significantly from all other card types, you cannot install a CSC in any other slot.

• Cisco 12000 series line cards—From one to seven line cards of different types can be

installed in the line card sl ots in the upper cag e (slots 0 through 3 and slots 4 th rough 7).

Product Overview 1-23

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Although you can install a line card in slot 0, the recommended con ven tion is for the RP to occupy this slot.

Figure 1-8 Upper Card Cage of the Cisco 12008 Router

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A minimally configured Cisco 12008 contains the following cards in the upper card cage:

• One RP

• One CSC

• One Cisco 12000 series line card of any type

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

A Cisco 12008 that is configured for full redundancy contains the following cards in the upper card cage:

• Two RPs

• Two CSCs

• As many as six Cisco 12000 series line cards of any type and any combination

The following sections briefly describe the card s that you can use to populate the upper card cage.

Gigabit Route Processor

Each Cisco 12008 GSR has one main system (or route) processor . The rou te processor (RP) processes the network routing protocols and distributes updates to the Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) tables on the line cards. The RP also performs general maintenance functions, such as diagnostics, console support, and line card monitoring.

Two types of RPs are available for the Cisco 12008 GSR:

• Gigabit Route Processor (GRP)

• Performance Route Processor (PRP)

Overview of the Cisco 12008

When not explicitly specified, this document uses the term route processor (RP) to indicate either the GRP or the PRP.

Note If you install a second, redundant RP, it must be of the same type as the primary RP.

This section describes the GRP and includes the following information:

• Memory components

• System status LEDs

• Soft reset switch

• Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association (PCMCIA) slots, which are

used to transmit data to or from Flash memory cards

Product Overview 1-25

Overview of the Cisco 12008

• As ynchronous serial ports

• Ethernet port

If you have a PRP, see the Performance Route Processor section. The faceplate of the GRP is shown in Figure 1-9.

Figure 1-9 GRP Faceplate (Horizontal Orientation Shown)

It is recommended that you install the GRP in the left-most slot (slot 0) in the upper card cage. Howev er, you need not abide b y this recommendation. You can install the GRP in any upper card cage slot, except for the two slots in the middle in the upper card cage (CSC0 and CSC1), which are reserved for the CSCs.

The GRP performs the following functions:

EJECT

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1-26

• Downloading the Cisco IOS software to all of the installed lin e cards at power up

• Providing a console (terminal) port for router configuration

• Providing an auxiliary port for other external equipment (such as modems)

• Providing an IEEE 802.3, 10/100-megabits-per -second (Mbps) Ethern et port for Telnet

functionality

• Running routing protocols

• Building and distributing routing tables to line cards

• Providing general system maintenance functions

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

The GRP communicates with the line cards either through the switch fabric or through a maintenance bus (MBus). The switch fabric connection is the main data path for routing table distribution as well as for packets that are sent between the line cards and the GRP. The MBus connection allows the GRP to dow nload a system bootstrap image, collect or load diagnostic information, and perform general, internal system maintenance operations. The GRP plugs into any slot in the upper card cag e in the Cisco 12008 ex cept the rightmost slot, which is reserved for the alarm card.

The GRP contains the following components:

• IDT R5000 Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor used for the CPU.

The CPU runs at an external bus clock speed of 100 MHz and an internal clock speed of 200 MHz.

• Up to 256 megabytes (MB) of parity-protected, extended data output (EDO) dynamic

random-access memory (DRAM) on two, 60-nanosecond (ns), dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs); 64 MB of DRAM is the minimum shipping configuration.

• 512 kilobytes (KB) of static random-access memory (SRAM) for secondary CPU cache

memory functions (SRAM is not user configurable or field upgradeable).

• 512 KB of NVRAM (NVRAM is not user configurable or field upgradeable).

• Most of the additional memory components used by the system, including onboard

Flash memory (8-MB) and up to two PCMCIA-based Flash memory cards. The default GRP PCMCIA Flash memory is 20 megabytes (MB).

• Air-temperature sensors for environmental monitoring.

The Cisco IOS software images th at run the Cisco 120 08 reside in Flash mem ory, which is located on the GRP in the form of a single in-line memory module (SIMM), and on up to two Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) cards (called Flash memory cards) that insert in the two PCMCIA slots (slot 0 and slot 1) on the front of the GRP. (See Figure 1-9.) Storing the Cisco IOS images in Flash memory enables you to download and boot from upgraded Cisco IOS images remotely or from software images resident in GRP Flash memory.

Note EIA/TIA-232 was previously known as recommended standard RS-232 before its

acceptance as a standard by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA).

Product Overview 1-27

Overview of the Cisco 12008

The Cisco 12008 supports downloadable system software for most Cisco IOS software upgrades, enabling you to remotely download, store, and boot from a new Cisco IOS software image.

GRP Memory Components

Table 1-2 lists the memory components on the GRP. Figure 1-10 shows the location of the two DRAM SIMMs and the Flash SIMM on the GRP.

Table 1-2 GRP Memory Components Memory Type Memory Size Quantity Description

DRAM 641 to 256 MB

SRAM 512 KB (fixed)

NVRAM 512 KB (fixed)

Flash memory

SIMM Flash memory

(card)

Flash boot ROM 512 KB 1 Flash EPROM for the ROM monitor

1. 64 MB of DRAM is the default DR AM configuration for the GRP.

2. SRAM is not user configurable or field upgradeable.

3. NVRAM is not user configurable or field upgradeable.

4. The SIMM socket is wired according to Cisco’s own design and does not accept industry-standard 80-pin Flash SIMMs.

5. 20-MB Flash memory card is the default shipping configura tion for the Cisco 12008.

6. A Type 1 or Type 2 PCMCIA c ard can be used in eithe r PCMCIA slot.

1 or 2 64- or 128-MB DIMMs (based on

DRAM required) for main Cisco IOS software functions

SRAM for secondary CPU cache memory functions

MVRAM for the system configuratio n file

8 MB 1 Contains Cisco IOS software images and

other user-defined files on the GRP

20 MB

1 or 2 Contains Cisco IOS software images and

other user-defined files on up to two PCMCIA-based Flash memory cards

program boot image

1-28

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Figure 1-10 Locations of GRP Memory

Backplane connector

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Bank 2 DRAM DIMMs Bank 1

PCMCIA slots

slot 0: bottom

slot 1: top

U42

U39

U17

-1

-0

Auxiliary port

Console port

J-4

Ethernet interface

(RJ-45 or MII)

Flash SIMM

H10547

GIGABIT ROUTE PROCESSOR

Alphanumeric

LED displays

Product Overview 1-29

Overview of the Cisco 12008

DRAM

The extended data output (EDO) dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) on the GRP stores routing tables, protocols, and network accounting applications, and runs the Cisco IOS software. The standard (default) GRP DRAM configuration is 64 megabytes (MB) of EDO DRAM, which you can increase up to 256 MB through DRAM upgrades. The Cisco IOS software runs from within GRP DRAM.

T wo DRAM DIMM sock ets are incorporated into the GRP, as shown in Figure 1-10. These sockets, labeled U39 (P4 DRAM bank 1) and U42 (P4 DRAM bank 2), enable you to configure DRAM in increments ranging from 64 MB to 256 MB. Table 1-3 lists the available upgrade configurations for DRAM on the GRP.

Table 1-3 DRAM Configurations Total DRAM Product Numbers DRAM Sockets Number of DIMMs

64 MB 128 MB MEM-GRP/LC-64(=) U39 (bank 1) and

128 MB MEM-GRP/LC-12 8(=) U39 (bank 1) 1 128-MB DI MM 256 MB MEM-GRP/LC-25 6(=) U39 (bank 1) and

1. 64 MB is the standard (defaul t) DRAM configuration for the GRP.

MEM-GRP/LC-64(=) U39 (bank 1) 1 64-MB DIMM

2 64-MB DIMMs

U42 (bank 2)

2 128-MB DIMMs

U42 (bank 2)

1-30

Caution

To prevent memory problems, DRAM DIMMs must be 3.3 V, 60-nanosecond (ns) devices. Do not attempt to install memory devices in the DIMM sockets that do not meet these requirements.

SRAM

SRAM provides secondary CPU cache memory. The standard GRP configuration is 512 KB. Its principle function is to act as a staging area for routing tables update information to and from the lin e cards. SRAM is not user config urable or field-up gradeable.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

NVRAM

The system configuration, software configuration register settings, and environmental monitoring logs are contained in the 512-KB NVRAM, which is backed up with built-in lithium batteries that retain the contents for a minimum of five years. NVRAM is not user configurable or field-upgradeable.

Caution Before you replace the GRP in the system, back up the r unning conf iguration to

a Triv ial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) f ile server or an installed Flash memory card so you can retrieve it later. If the configuration is not saved, the entire configuration will be lost— inside the NVRAM on the removed GRP—and you will have to reenter the entire configuration manually. This procedure is not necessary if you are temporarily removing a GRP; lithium batteries retain the configur ation in memory u ntil you replace the GR P in the system.

Flash Memory

Both the onboard and PCMCIA card-based Flas h memory allow you to remotely load and store multiple Cisco IOS software and microcode images. You can download a ne w image over the network or from a local server and then add the new image to Flash memory or replace the existing files. You can then boot the routers either manually or automatically from any of the stored images. Flash memory also functions as a TFTP serv er to allow other servers to boot remotely from stored images or to copy them into their own Flash memory.

System Status LEDs

This section describes the two types of system status LEDs used on the GRP: the LED indicators and the alphanumeric LED displays.

• The GRP has the following eight LED indicators:

— Two PCMCIA activity LEDs (one per PCMCIA slot): these LEDs light when the

slot is accessed. The LEDs receive power from the switched slot voltage.

— Four RJ-45 Ethernet por t LEDs: these LEDs are used in conjunction with the RJ-45

Ethernet connector. When the MII Ethernet port is in use, the LEDs are disabled. The LEDs indicate link activity, collision detection, data transmission, and data reception.

Product Overview 1-31

Overview of the Cisco 12008

— Two RJ-45 or MII Ethernet port select LEDs: these LEDs , when on, identify which

one of the two Ethernet connections you selected. When the RJ-45 port is selected, its LED is on and the MII LED is off. When the MII port is selected, its LED is on and the RJ-45 LED is off.

• The alphanumeric displays are organized as two rows of four characters each. The

displays’ content is controlled by the MBus module software. The displays’ content is controlled by the GRP’s MBus module sof tware. Both rows of the display are powered by the MBus module.

These alphanumeric displays provide information about the following:

— System status messages that are displayed during the boot process — System status messages that are displayed after the boot process is complete

During the boot process, the alphanumeric LED displays are controlled directly by the MBus. After the boot process, they are controlled by the Cisco IOS software (via the MBus), and display messages designated by the Cisco IOS software.

The following levels of system operation are displayed:

— Status of the GRP — System error messages

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— User-defined status/error messages

Note A complete, descriptive list of all system and er ror messages is located in the Cisco

IOS System Error Messages publications.

Soft Reset Switch

A soft reset switch is provided on the GRP faceplate to enable you to reset the software running on the R5000 RISC processor of the GRP. You access this switch through a small aperture in the GRP faceplate. To activate the switch, you can press a ball-point pen or similar pointed instrument into the opening.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Caution To prevent system problems or loss of data , use the so ft reset switch only at the

advice of Cisco service personnel.

PCMCIA Slots

The GRP has two PCMCIA slots av ailable. Either slot can supp ort a Flash memory card or an input/output (I/O) de vice as long as the d evice requires only +5 VDC. The GRP supp orts T ype 1 and T ype 2 de vices; it does not s upport +3.3 VDC PCMCIA de vices. Each PCMCIA slot has an ejector button for ejecting a PCMCIA card from the slot.

Asynchronous Serial Ports

Two asynchronous serial ports are provided on the GRP faceplate—a console port and an auxiliary port. These ports enable you to connect external devices that you can use to monitor and manage the system.

• Console port—The console port is an Electronics Industries Association/

Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA)-232 female receptacle that provides a data circuit-terminating equipmen t (DCE) interface for con necting a console terminal.

• Auxiliary port—The auxiliary port is an EIA/TIA-232 male plug that provides a data

terminal equipment (DTE) interface. This auxiliary port supports flow control and is often used to connect a modem, a channel service unit (CSU), or other optional equipment for Telnet management.

Ethernet Port

The GRP has one Ethernet port that you can access using either of the following co nnection types:

• RJ-45 receptacle: an 8-pin, media dependent interface (MDI) that supports an IEEE

802.3 10BaseT (10 Mbps) or an IEEE 802.3u 100BaseTX (100 Mbps) Ethernet connection.

• MII receptacle: a 40-pin, media independent interface (MII) that provides additional

flexibility for making Ethernet connections. The pinout of this standard 40-pin receptacle is defined by the IEEE 802.3u standard.

Product Overview 1-33

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Note The RJ-45 and MII receptacles on the GRP faceplate represent two physical

connection options for one Ethernet interface; therefore, you can use either the MDI RJ-45 connection or the MII connection, but not both simultaneously.

Performance Route Processor

Each Cisco 12012 GSR has one main system (or route) processor . The rou te processor (RP) processes the network routing protocols and distributes updates to the Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) tables on the line cards. The RP also performs general maintenance functions, such as diagnostics, console support, and line card monitoring.

Two types of RPs are available for the Cisco 12012 GSR:

• Gigabit Route Processor (GRP)

• Performance Route Processor (PRP)

When not explicitly specified, this document uses the term route processor (RP) to indicate either the GRP or the PRP.

1-34

Note If you install a second, redundant RP, it must be of the same type as the primary RP.

The section describes the Performance Route Processor (PRP) and includes the following information:

• PRP Memory Components

• System Status LEDs

• Soft Reset Switch

• PCMCIA Slots

• Asynchronous Serial Ports

• Ethernet Port

If you have a GRP, see the Gigabit Route Processor section.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-11 shows the front panel view of the PRP.

Figure 1-11 Performance Route Processor (Front Panel View, Horizontal

Orientation Shown)

EJECT

ETH 1ETH 0 AUX

SLOT-1 SLOT-0

RX TX

LINK

CONSOLE

RX TX

RESET

PERFORMANCE ROUTE PROCESSOR 1 (PRP-1)

The PRP is available as Product Number PRP-1=, which includes one PRP with 512 MB of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) and one 64-MB advanced technology attachment (ATA) Flash disk.

The primary functions of the PRP are as follows:

• Downloading the Cisco IOS software to all of the installed lin e cards at power up

• Providing a console (terminal) port for router configuration

• Providing an auxiliary port for other external equipment (such as modems)

• Providing two IEEE 802.3, 10/100-megabits-per-second (Mbps) Ethernet ports for

Telnet functionality

• Running routing protocols

• Building and distributing routing tables to line cards

• Providing general system maintenance functions

• Communicating with line cards either through the switch fabric or through the

maintenance bus (MBus) The MBus connection allows the PRP to do wnload a system bootstrap image, collect or

load diagnostic information, and perform general, internal system maintenance operations. The switch fabric connection is the main data path for routing table distribution as well as for packets that are sent between line cards and the PRP.

75041

The PRP contains the following components:

• Motorola PowerPC 7450 central processing unit (CPU). The CPU runs at an external

bus clock speed of 133 MHz and an internal clock speed of 667 MHz.

Product Overview 1-35

Overview of the Cisco 12008

• Up to 2 GB of SDRAM on two PC133-compliant, dual in-line memory modules

(DIMMs). 512 MB of SDRAM is the default shipping configuration. SDRAM is field replaceable.

• Two MB of SRAM for secondary CPU cache memory functions. SRAM is not user

configurable or field replaceable.

• Two MB of NVRAM. NVRAM is not user configurable or field replaceable.

• Additional memory components used by the system, including o nbo ard Flash memory

and up to two Flash memory cards.

• Air-temperature sensors for environmental monitoring.

The Cisco IOS software images that run the Cisco 12000 s eries Internet Ro uter system are stored in Flash memory. Two types of Flash memory ship with the PRP:

1 Onboard Flash mem ory — Ships as a single in-line memory module (SIMM). This

Flash memory contains the Cisco IOS boot image (bootflash) and is not field replaceable.

2 Flash disk— The PRP ships with a Flash disk that can be installed in either Flash disk

slot. (See Figure 1-12.) The Flash disk contains the Cisco IOS software image.

Storing the Cisco IOS images in Flash memory enables you to download and boot from upgraded Cisco IOS software images remotely, or from software images that reside in PRP Flash memory.

1-36

Cisco 12000 series I nternet Routers su pport do wnl oadable sys tem softw are for mos t Cisco IOS software upgrades. T his enables you to remote ly download, s tore, and boot from a ne w Cisco IOS software image. The Cisco IOS software runs from within the PRPs SDRAM.

Figure 1-12 shows the locations of the various hardware components on the PRP.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Figure 1-12 PRP (Horizontal Orientation)

Overview of the Cisco 12008

SLOT-1

SLOT-0

5 7 8 109

ETH 1ETH 0 AUX

LINK

CONSOLE

PERFORMANCE ROUTE PROCESSOR 1 (PRP-1)

75042

Product Overview 1-37

Overview of the Cisco 12008

1 Backplane connector 6 Ethernet ports 2 Flash SIMM (Socket number P3) 7 Auxiliary port 3 SDRAM DIMMs

8 Console port

Bank 1 - Socket number U15 Bank 2 - Socket number U18

4 Ejector lever 9 Handle 5 Flash disk slots (covered) 10 Display LEDs

PRP Memory Components

Table 1-4 lists the memory components on the PRP.

Table 1-4 PRP Memory Components

Type Size Quantity Description

SDRAM

SRAM NVRAM Flash

memory

Flash boot ROM

1. Default SDRAM configuration is 512 MB. Bank 1 (U15) must be populated first. You can use one or both ban ks to

2. SRAM is not user configurable or field replaceable.

3. NVRAM is not user configurable or field replaceable.

4. Flash memory SIMM is not user configurable or field replac ea bl e.

5. ATA Flash disks and Type I and Type II linear Flash memory cards are supported. See the

512 MB, 1 GB, or 2 GB

2 MB (fixed) — Secondary CPU cache memory functions

2 MB (fixed) 1 System configuration files, register settings, and logs 64 MB SIMM

1 or 2 512-MB and 1-GB DIMMs (based on desi re d SD R A M

configuration) for main Cisco IOS software functions

1 Cisco IOS boot image (bootflash), crash information, and other

user-defined files

Flash disks

1 or 2 Cisco IOS software images, system configuration files, and other

user-defined files on up to two Flash disks

512 KB 1 Flash EPROM for the ROM monitor program boot image

configure SDRAM combinations of 512 MB, 1 GB, or 2 GB. 1.5-GB configurations are not support ed .

“Flash Memory” for Flash disk informatio n.

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Note If a single DIMM module is installed, it must be placed in bank 1 (U15).

SDRAM

SDRAM stores routing tables, protocols, and network accounting applications, and runs the Cisco IOS software. The default PRP configuration includes 512 MB of error checking and correction (ECC) SDRAM. DIMM upgrades of 512 MB and 1 GB are available. You cannot mix memory sizes. If two DIMMS are installed, they must be the same memory size.

Caution Cisco Systems strongly recommends t hat you use only Cisco-app roved memory.

To prevent memory problems, SDRAM DIMMs must be +3.3VDC, PC133-compliant devices. Do not attempt to install other devices in the DIMM sockets.

SRAM

SRAM provides 2 MB of parity-protected, secondary CPU cache memory. Its principal function is to act as a staging area f or rout ing table up dates and fo r informatio n sent to and received from line cards. SRAM is not user configurable and cannot be upgraded in the field.

NVRAM

NVRAM provides 2 MB of m emory for system conf igu ration f iles, software con f iguration register settings, and environmental monitoring logs. This information is backed up with built-in lithium batteries that retain the contents for a minimum of 5 years. NVRAM is not user configurable and cannot be upgraded in the field.

Flash Memory

Flash memory allows you to remotely load and store multiple Cisco IOS software and microcode images. You can download a new image o ver the network or from a local serv er and then add the new image to Flash memory or replace the e xisting files. Y o u then can boot the routers either manually or automatically from any of the stored images.

Product Overview 1-39

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Flash memory also functions as a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server to allow other servers to boot remotely from stored images or to copy them into their own Flash memory . The onboard Flash memory ( called bootflash) contains the Cisco IOS boot image, and the Flash disk contains the Cisco IOS softwa re image . A 64-MB ATA Flash disk ships by default with the PRP. Table 1-5 lists the supported Flash disk sizes and their Cisco product numbers.

Table 1-5 Supported Flash Disk Sizes and Product Numbers Flash Disk Size

64 MB 128 MB MEM-12KRP-FD128= 1 GB MEM-12KRP-FD1G=

1. Standard Type 1 and Type 2 linear Flash memory ca rds al so are supported,

although they may not have the capacity to m ee t the requirements of yo ur configuration.

2. 64-MB ATA Flash disk is the defau lt shipp ing con fig ura tion.

Product Number

MEM-12KRP-FD64=

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System Status LEDs

The sections describes the two types of system status LEDs used on the PRP: LED indicators and alphanumeric LED displays.

The device or port activity indicators consist of the following functional groups:

• Two Flash disk activity LEDs (labeled SLOT-0 and SLOT-1)—1 LED per Flash disk

slot: these go on when the slot is accessed.

• Four RJ-45 Ethernet port LEDs (labeled LINK, EN, TX, and RX): used in con junction

with each of the RJ-45 Ethernet connectors. Each connector includes a set of 4 LEDs that indicate link activity (LINK), port enabled (EN), data transmission (TX), and data reception (RX).

• Two Ethernet connection LEDs (labeled PRIMARY): these two LEDs, when on,

identify which of the two Ethernet connections is selected. Since both ports are supported on the PRP, the LED on port ETH0 is always on. The ETH1 LED goes on when it is selected.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

The alphanumeric display LEDs are or ganized as two rows of four characters each and are located at one end of the card. These LEDs provide system status and error messages that are displayed during and after the boot process. The b oot process and the content di splayed are controlled by the PRPs MBus module software.

At the end of the boot process, the LEDs are controlled by the Cisco IOS softwa re (via the MBus), and the content displayed is designated by the Cisco IOS software.

The alphanumeric display LEDs provide information about the following:

• Status of the PRP

• System error messages

• User-defined status and error messages

Note A complete, descriptive list of all system and er ror messages is located in the Cisco

IOS System Error Messages publications.

Soft Reset Switch

The soft reset switch causes a nonmaskable interrupt (NMI) and places the PRP in ROM monitor mode. When the PRP enters ROM monitor mode, its behavior depends on the setting of the PRP software configuration register. (For more information on the software configuration re gister , refer to the Conf iguring the Soft ware Confi guration Regi ster section in Chapter 4) For example, when the boot f ield of the softw are conf iguration re gister is set to 0x0, and you press the NMI switch, the PRP remains at the ROM monitor prompt (

rommon>) and waits for a user command to boot the system manually. But if the boot field

is set to 0x1, the system automatically boots the first IOS image found in the onboard Flash memory SIMM on the PRP.

Caution The soft reset (NMI) switch is not a mechanism for resetting the PRP and

reloading the IOS image. It is intended for software development use. To prevent system problems or loss of data, use the soft reset switch only on the advice of Cisco service personnel.

Product Overview 1-41

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Access to the soft reset switch is through a small opening in the PRP faceplate. To press the switch, you must insert a paper clip or similar small pointed object into the opening.

Flash Disk Slots

The PRP includes two Flash disk (PCMCIA) slots. Either slot can support an ATA Flash disk or a Type 1 or Type 2 linear Flash memory card. The PRP ships by default with one 64-MB ATA Flash disk.

Note The PRP only supports +5VDC Flash disk devices. It does not support +3.3VDC

PCMCIA devices.

All combinations of different Flash devices are supported by the PRP. You can use ATA Flash disks, T ype 1 or Type 2 linear Flash memory cards, or a combination of the two. Each Flash disk slot has an ejector button for ejecting a card from the slot.

Note T ype 1 and Type 2 linear Flash memory cards may not hav e the capacity to m eet the

requirements of your configuration.

1-42

Asynchronous Serial Ports

The PRP has two asynchronous serial ports, the console and auxiliary ports. These allow you to connect external serial devices to monitor and manage the system. Both ports use RJ-45 receptacles.

The console port provides a data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) interface for connecting a console terminal. The auxiliary port provides a data terminal equipment (DTE) interface and supports flow contr ol. It is often used to connect a mod em, a channel service unit (CSU), or other optional equipment for Telnet management.

Ethernet Ports

The PRP includes two Ethernet ports, both using an 8 -pin RJ-45 receptacle fo r either IEEE

802.3 10BASE-T (10 Mbps) or IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX (100 Mbps) connections.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Note The transmission speed of the Ethernet ports is auto-sensing by default and is user

configurable.

Switch F abric of the Cisco 12008

The heart of the Cisco 12008 is the switch fabric circuitry, which provides synchronized gigabit speed interconnections between the line cards and the RP. The switch fabric circuitry for the router is incorporated into two cards:

• Clock and scheduler card (CSC)—One CSC installed in the upper card cage is a

standard (required) router component. The CSC represents on e plane of switch fabric in the router. This card is described in greater detail in the section entitled “Clock and Scheduler Card.”

• Switch fabric card (SFC)—You can install a set of three optional SFCs in the lower card

cage to increase its switching (data-handling) capacity). Each SFC card represents one plane of switch fabric in the router. This card is described in greater detail in the section entitled “Switch Fabric Cards.”

To achieve a fully redundant switch fabric with a switching capacity of 40 Gbps, you can install two CSCs and three SFCs in the router; the second CSC provides redundancy of CSC functions, as well as redundant switch fabric in the event of CSC or SFC failure.

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Each CSC or SFC supports an OC-12 swi tching rate for t he router (622 Mbps). By adding the set of three optional SFC cards, you can increase the switching capacity of the router to an OC-48 rate (2.4 Gbps).

Table 1-6 lists the switch fabric bandwidth and the switch card configurations needed to support an OC-12 switching rate or an OC-48 switching rate.

Product Overview 1-43

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Table 1-6 Switch Fabric Configurations Switch Fabric

Bandwidth

OC-12 nonred un da nt 1 OC-12 redundant 2 0 2 OC-48 nonred un da nt 1 3 4 OC-48 redundant 2 3 5

1. A CSC is a required router component.

A minimally configured router (one with a single CSC and no SFCs) supports an OC-12 data rate, but provides no redundanc y of CSC f unctions. Adding a second CSC to a system, as well as the three optional SFCs, has the following effects:

Number of CSCs

Number of SFCs

Planes of Switch Fabric

• Increases the router’s bandwidt h from an OC-12 rate to an OC-48 ra te.

• Increases the number of planes of switch fabric available to the router from one to fi v e

(with the fifth serving as a redundant plane in the event of failure of a CSC or SFC.

• Provides full redundancy of CSC functions, such as the following:

— System clocking — Resource allocation — Scheduling

• Provides full redundancy in the router’s fan power and alarm functions.

Clock and Scheduler Card

The CSC is a multi-function circuit board that can be installed in one or both of two reserved slots (CSC0 and CSC1) in the middle of the upper card cage (see Figure 1-2). The standard router configuration requires one CSC in either slot CSC0 or slot CSC1. If you configure your router with a single CSC, it is recommended that you install it in CSC1.

Each CSC is mounted on its own card carrier and incorporates an onboard power supply that takes the –48 VDC supplied by the backplane and converts it into the 3.3 VDC operating voltage required by the card’s electronics.

1-44

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

As a multi-function board, the CSC provides the following system services:

• Provides one plane of switch fabric for the router (see the section below entitled “Switch

Fabric in the Cisco 12008”).

• Serves as a switch fabric controller card for the router (see the section below entitled

“Switch Fabric Controller Functions of the CSC”).

• Serves as an alarm monitoring facility for the router (see the section below entitled

“Housekeeping and Alarm Monitoring Functions of the CSC”).

• Provides onboard power for its own electronic circuitry, as well as power and control

functions for the fan trays (see the section below entitled “Board Power and Fan Tray Power Functions of the CSC”).

These functions are described in the following sections.

Switch F abric in the Cisco 12008

A switch plane in the router consists of one OC-12-rate crossbar in the backplane that enables each line card slot in the router to be connected logically to every other line card slot. Line cards installed in any combination of slots in the upper card cage can communicate with each other by means of the router’s switch fabric.

The switch fabric of the router constitutes the totality of the possible data paths that can be established through the router. The magnitude of the router’s switch fabric (and, hence, its data- carrying capacity) is related directly to the number of switch planes that are made available to the router for data-handling purposes. By installing a second CSC and/or the optional set of three SFCs in the router, you can increase the number of switch planes present in the router , thereby increasing the magn itude of the router’s overall switch fa bric.

Table 1-7 outlines the possible configurations of CSCs and SFCs and t he r outer s w itch i ng capacity that results from these configurations.

Product Overview 1-45

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Table 1-7 Switch Planes Provided by Switch Cards

Switch Card T yp e Availability

One CSC Standard 1 A single CSC supports an OC-12 data rate

Second CSC Optional 1 A second CSC supports an OC-12 data

Three SFCs Optional 3 The optional set of three SFCs enables the

1. Router equipped wit h one CSC and three SFCs.

2. Router equipped with two CSCs and three SFCs.

Number of Switch Planes Description

for the router, but provides no redundancy in the router’s switch fabric.

rate for the router and also provides a redundant plane of switch fabric. If one of the CSCs fails, a fault recovery cutover to the surviving CSC occurs, not only to maintain the router’s OC-12 data rate, but also to preserve the system services peculiar to the CSC.

router to support an OC-48 data rate. In an OC-48 rate

in the switch fabric. However, if a switch plane failure occurs in a fully-redundant system, a CSC can take over the functions of either a failed CSC or a failed SFC, not only to maintain the router’s OC-48 data rate, but also to preserv e the e ssential CSC system services.

system, no redundancy exists

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Switch Fabric Controller Functions of the CSC

In addition to providing one plane of switch fabric for the router, the CSC provides numerous other functions and services essential to router operations. Figure 1-13 illustrates the primary functional elements of the CSC.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Figure 1-13 Block Diagram of the CSC

Clock and scheduler card (CSC)

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Alarm

functions

Board power

Master clock/

frame synch

generator

Central

switch

allocator

Single plane switch

fabric

module

Mbus

Fan

power

Request/grant

Switch data

Fabric control

Fan

trays

Line cards

and RP

cards

Clock

SFC

cards

CSC

card

(redundant)

H11724

The major functions of each element of the CSC are summarized briefly in the following paragraphs.

• Mast er clock generator—This function on the CSC provides a clock source to the RP,

all installed switch cards (including the SFCs and a redundant CSC), and all installed line cards. The master clock generator synchronizes the transfer of data through the router’s switch fabric.

Product Overview 1-47

Overview of the Cisco 12008

In a redundant CSC conf igur ation, th e pha se o f the master clock generator on one card is synchronized with that of the other card. If either clock drifts, the master clock generators on both cards remain tightly aligned.

Should one of the CSCs fail, the phase lock between the two master clock sources is aborted within nanoseconds, enabling the surviving CSC clock to remain stable and take over master clock duties.

• Frame synchronization generator—This function on th e CSC prov ides a peri odic signal

to the line cards and switch cards to control data flow. In a redundant CSC configuration, either CSC can adopt the frame synchronization

phase of the other to ensure ph ase a lignment. The lin e card s can s witc h between fr ame synchronization masters without disruption.

If the frame synchronization function on one CSC fails, cuto ver to the surviving frame synchronization generator on the other card occurs within nanoseconds, sustaining system operations.

• Central switch allocator and scheduler—This function on the CSC allocates switching

resources to line cards and schedules (arbitrates) the flow of data through the router’s switch fabric.

Switch arbitration begins with a set of requests from line cards to send data through the router’s switch fabric. The scheduler plans a set of paths through the switch fabric to carry as much data as possible per unit of time. At the next available time unit, the request to send data is granted, and the data is sent to its destinat ion. The ne xt rou nd of switch arbitration (scheduling) then begins.

1-48

The scheduler also sends switch fabric control information to each switch plane to create appropriate data paths through the switch fabric. When the new data paths are configured into the switch fabric, data begins to flow toward the destination line card(s).

The central switch allocator and scheduler accepts data transport requests from all line cards (including the RP), generates grants (accepted data transport requests), and d rives all planes of the router’s switch fabric.

• Single pl ane switch fabric—The CSC’s single-plane switch fabric provides an OC-12

rate of switching capacity for the router . T his switch fabric plane operates under control of the CSC’s central switch allocator and scheduler.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

This single switch plane of the CSC can be used alone in a minimum router configuration, or it can be used in combination with another CSC and the three optional SFCs for full switching redundancy. In the latter case, the per line-card slot bandwidth of the router is increased from an OC-12 rate to an OC-48 rate, and the second CSC provides redundan cy .

If any one switch plane fails in a fully redundant switch fabric, the failed plane is shut down, and the router’s full data bandwidth is carried b y the su rviving planes. The fault recovery cutover to another viable switch plane typically occurs without loss of data, because the data path defect is detected while redundancy information is still available, thus enabling error packets to be repaired “on the fly.”

Housekeeping and Alarm Monitoring Functions of the CSC

The section describes the following housekeeping and alarm monitoring facilities built into the CSC:

• MBus module— The MBus module on the CSC is a microprocess or-based subas sembly

that provides housekeeping services required during router power up and initialization. It also supports the alarm monitoring LEDs on the CSC faceplate, as described in the following section.

The MBus module on the CSC operates partly autonomously and partly under the control of the master MBus module on the RP.

A failed MBus module on the CSC is detected by an MBus polling algorithm running in the background on the RP.

A failed MBus module detected by this polling algorithm in a redundant CSC configuration causes the master MBus module to execute an a dministr a tive cutover to the MBus module on the surviving CSC. This cutover is accomplished with no disruption of normal system operatio ns.

• Alarm monitoring and status functi ons—The CSC supports the router’s alarm and status

monitoring functions. These functions are described in the following paragraphs. Figure 1-14 shows the location of the alarm contact conn ector and the v arious LEDs on the CSC faceplate through which the system accomplishes its alarm monitoring and status reporting functions.

Product Overview 1-49

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-14 CSC Alarm Monitoring Facilities

Alarm

DB-25 alarm contact connector

A larm

CSC

Fan Fail

LINECARD

SFC

CSC-8

ACO/LT

Critical Major Minor

Fail Enabled

PWR SPLY

Fail Enabled

Alarm cutoff/lamp test button

System alarm LEDs

Status LEDs for the CSC

Status LEDs for each fan tray

Status LEDs for SFCs

H7701

1-50

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

— DB-25 alarm contact connector—A female DB-25 D-sub connector incorporated

into the CSC faceplate enables you to attach an external alarm monitoring facility to the router, thus supporting a telco style of handling alarm conditions in the router.

The alarm signals sent to this DB-25 connector are identical in function to those sent to the system LEDs on the CSC faceplate (see the following section entitled “System Alarm LEDS”).

Any alarm condition in the router that activates one of the system alarm LEDs on the CSC faceplate also energizes an appropriate CSC relay , causing a corresponding signal to be sent to the DB-25 connector. If an external alarm monitoring facility is attached to the DB-25 connector, this signal activates the appropriate external audible or visible alarm.

An external audible alarm can be reset by clearing the condition that caused the alarm or by pressing the alarm cutoff reset/lamp test (ACO/LT) button on the CSC faceplate (see the following discussion about the A CO/LT button). A visual alarm, however, can be reset only by resolving the problem that caused the alarm condition.

Only safety extra-low voltage (SELV) external alarm circuits can be connected to the DB-25 connector.

— One external closure sense line, enabling the router to monitor an external event,

such as the opening of a cabinet door or the activation of an alarm in associated equipment.

— Alarm cutoff reset/lamp test (ACO/LT) button—If you equip your system with an

external alarm monitoring facility, a visible indication can be provided, and/or an audible alarm can be sounded, to immediately notify site personnel of an alarm condition in the router.

An audible alarm generated by the system continues to sound until you either clear the alarm condition itself or press the ACO/LT button to silence the alarm. Merely pressing this button does not resolve the alarm condition.

You can test the operability of the LEDs on the CSC(s), the SFC(s), and the power supply(ies), by pressing the ACO/LT button at any time. Doing so causes the LEDs on all these router components to remain lit as long as you hold down the button. However, the LEDs on the SFCs are visible only when the air filter assembly is removed.

Product Overview 1-51

Overview of the Cisco 12008

In a system equipped with two CSCs, pressing the ACO/LT button on one CSC is equivalent to pressing this button on either CSC or both CSCs.

— System alarm LEDs—Three system LEDs, labeled critical, major, and minor, are

incorporated into the CSC faceplate (see Figure 1-14) to signal the existence of alarm conditions detected in the router by the system’s environmental monitoring circuitry.

During an alarm condition, one of these LEDs goes on to indicate the se verity of the detected fault. During a critical alarm, the top LED (Critical) on the CSC faceplate indicates red; similarly , during a major alarm, the middle LED (Major) on the CSC faceplate also indicates red, signifying an alarm condition of lesser severity; finally , during a minor system alarm, the bottom LED (Minor) indicates am ber, signifying an alarm condition of least severity.

At the same time that one of these LEDs goes on to signal the alarm event, an associated alarm relay on the CSC is closed, sending a co rrespon ding s ignal to the DB-25 alarm contact connector on the CSC faceplate.

An alarm condition detected in a redundant CSC configuration causes the appropriate relays on both CSCs to close, activating the visible and audible alarm functions of the DB-25 connector on each card.

1-52

When the fault condition is resolved, MBus software running in the GRP automatically clears the fault indication by communicating with the master MBus module, which, in turn, communicates with the MBus module on each circuit board.

— CSC Status LEDs—Two LEDs on the CSC faceplate, the top one labeled FAIL and

the bottom one labeled ENABLED, indicate the operational status of the CSC.

— FAN FAIL Status LEDs for each fan tray—Two side-by-side LEDs on the CSC

faceplate indicate the operational status of the fan trays. The LINECARD LED on the left pertains to the card cage fan tray, and the PWR

SPLY LED on the right pertains to the power supply fan tray.

— SFC Status LEDs—Two LEDs at the bottom of the CSC faceplate, the top one

labeled FAIL and the bottom one labeled ENABLED, indicate the operational status of the SFCs in the lower card cage (behind the air filter assembly).

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

If the FAIL LED goes on, it indicates that one of the three SFCs in the lower card cage has failed. To determine which of the SFCs has failed, you must remove the air filter assembly and examine the status of the LEDs on each SFC.

Two side-by-side LEDS behind a vertical tab near the center of the SFC (see Figure 1-15) indicate the operational status of the card.

Figure 1-15 Status LEDs on an SFC

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Left LED

(OK)

Status LEDs

Right LED (FAIL)

H11366

Board Po wer and Fan Tray Power Functions of the CSC

DC-DC converters on the CSC provide power for its o wn circuitry , as well as po wer for the fan trays. These functions are described briefly in the following sections.

• Board power—A DC-DC converter on the CSC takes the –48 VDC being delivered to

the card from the backplane and converts it into the +3.3 VDC required to drive the card’s electronic circuity.

No redundancy is built into the CSC for the +3.3 VDC operating voltage; if the DC-DC converter fails to deliver this voltage, the card shuts down, at which time the redundant CSC, if installed, takes over to maintain normal system operations.

However , in a nonredundant CSC configuration, the failure of the installed CSC causes the entire system to shut down.

Product Overview 1-53

Overview of the Cisco 12008

• Fan tra y power —The Cisco 12008 router contains two fan trays (see Figure 1-2).

Control of fan power is initiated at system startup, with the fans running at a slow rate for normal operations. Such operation minimizes fan noise, wear, and power consumpti on. A DC-DC converter on the CSC provides +20 VDC for slow fan operation and +25 VDC for fast fan operation when an overtemperature condition is sensed in the router.

Periodically, the master MBus module on the GRP polls the MBus module on each circuit board to determine whether router components are cool enough to warrant keeping the fans runn ing at their minimum rate. If t hey are not, the master MBus module directs the MBus module on the CSC to increase the operating voltage being delivered to the fan trays, causing the fans to run faster, thus increasing the volume of air being circulated through the router.

Each fan is monitored separately for failure. A failed fan is not “shut off” in the usual sense; rather, a current-limiting feature in the faulty fan prevents it from interfering with the operation of other fans.

On failure of a fan in either the card cage fan tray or the p ower s upply fan tray, the CSC increases the voltage being delivered to the surviving fans, causing them to run faster to compensate for the failed fan.

Cisco 12000 Series Line Cards

The Cisco 12008 comes equipped with the number and type of line cards that you or dered already installed. Up to sev en Cisco 12 000 series line cards can be installed in the router to support a variety of physical network media.

The line cards can be installed in upper card cage slots 0 through 3 and slots 4 through 7. Note, however, that it is recommended that the GRP be installed in slot 0. Line cards interface to each other and the GRP through the router’s switch fabric.

The following types of line cards are available for use with the Cisco 12008:

• Quad OC-3c/STM-1c POS—4 ports

• OC-12c/STM-4c POS—1 port

• OC -12c/STM-4c ATM—1 port

1-54

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

These cards provide the interfaces to the router’s external physical media. They exchange packet data with each other by way of the router’s switch fabric.

Caution Any unoccupied slot in the upper card cage must have a blank filler panel

installed for EMI compliance and to ensure proper air flow through the router enclosure.

A vertical cable-management bracket attached to the f aceplate of each line card enables you to neatly arrange the network interface cables for connection to the individual ports on the line card. The cable-management system is described in detail in the section entitled “Cable-Management System” on page 8.

The online insertion and removal (OIR) capability of the Cisco 12008 enables you to remove and replace a line card while the system remains powered up and operational.

The Cisco 12000 series line cards available for use with the Cisco 12008 router are described briefly in the following sections.

Quad OC-3c/STM-1c POS Line Card

The Quad OC-3c/STM-1c POS line card provides the Cisco 12008 router with four independent Packet-Over-SONET (POS) ports on a single card. The card interfaces with the router’s switch fabric and provides four OC-3c/STM-1c SC-duplex SONET connections. These connections are concatenated, which provides for increased effi ciency by eliminating the need to partition the bandwidth.

Figure 1-16 shows a high-lev el block diagram of the Quad OC-3c /STM-1c POS l ine card; Figure 1-17 shows a front view of the card.

Product Overview 1-55

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-16 Block Diagram of the Quad OC-3c/STM-1c POS Line Card

Input

interfaces

Output

interfaces

Packet

receive

(Rx)

Forwarding

processor

Packet

transmit

(Tx)

Reassembly

Segmen-

tation

Burst

buffer

L3 switching

accelerator

Burst

buffer

Buffer

memory

queuing

Buffer

memory

Silicon

agent

Silicon

agent

MBus

module

Switch

interface

fabric

MBus interface

Switch fabric

H11726

1-56

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Figure 1-17 Quad OC-3c/STM-1c POS Line Card

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Single Mode

ACTIVE CARRIER RX PKT

Q OC-3/STM-1 SM IR POS

Ejector lever

Port 0

Status LEDs

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3

Multimode

ACTIVE CARRIER RX PKT

Q OC-3/STM-1 MM POS

160-pin backplane signal connector

Alphanumeric

LED display

Ejector lever

Front view Rear view

H10781

Product Overview 1-57

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Each Quad OC-3c/STM-1c POS line card incorporates the following major components:

• Transceivers—The single-mode intermediate reach transceiver provides a full-duplex,

155-Mbps, 1300-nm, laser-based SONET/SDH-compliant interface. The multimode transceiver provides a full-duplex, 155-Mbps, 1300-nm, LED-based SONET/SDH compliant interface.

The SONET specification for fiber-optic transmission defines two types of fiber: single mode and multimode. Signals can travel farther through single mode fiber than through multimode fiber.

The maximum distance for single-mode installations is determined by the amount of light loss in the fiber path. Good quality single-mode fiber with very few splices can carry an OC-3c/STM-1c signal 9.3 miles (15 km) or more; good quality miltimode fiber can carry a signal up to 1.3 miles (2 km).

• Burst buffers—The Quad-OC3c/STM-1c contains fou r 128-KB burst b uffers. The b urst

buffer pre vents the dropping of packets during instantaneous increases in the number of back-to-back small packets being transmitted at OC-3 line rates.

Burst buffers are used to achieve high throughput while smoothing out the arriving packet burst for the Layer 3 switch processor.

• Buffer memory—The silicon queuing engine controls the placement of IP packets in

buffer memor y as well as their removal from buffer memory. The default packet buf fer memory is 32 MB, which includes 16 MB of receive (Rx) b uffers and 16 MB of transmit (Tx) buffers.

1-58

The buffer memory can be config ured to support up to 64 MB of recei v e buf fers and up to 64-MB of transmit buf fers. The b uf fers can support delays comparable to the longest round trip delays measured in the Internet at OC-3c/STM-1c line rates.

• Layer 2 switching accelerator—The Layer 2 switching accelerator assists the

forwarding processor. It is a specially designed application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that optimizes access to the Layer 2 and Layer 3 information within each packet. At very high line rates, this access process must be executed as rapidly as possible, which is why an ASIC is dedicated to the process.

• Forwarding processor—A forwarding processor makes forwarding decisions based on

the information in the Cisco Ex press Forw arding (CEF) table and the Layer 2 and Layer 3 information in the packet. The GRP constantly upd ates forwarding in formation in the forwarding table based on the latest information in the routing table.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Once the forwarding decision has been made, the silicon queuing engine is notified by the forwarding processor , and the silicon queuing en gine places the packet in the p roper queue.

This partitioning between the Layer 2 switching accelerator and the forwarding processor blends the high throughput of hardware-accelerated forwarding with the flexibility of software-based routing.

• Silicon queuing engine—Each line card has two silicon queuing engines: receive and

transmit. The receive engine moves packets from the burst buffer to the switch fabric, and the transmit engine moves packets from the switch fabr ic to the transmit interf ace.

When an incoming IP packet is clocked into the silicon queuing engine, the packet’s integrity is verified by a check of the CRC. Next, the silicon queuing engine transfers the IP packet to buffer memory and tells the Layer 3 switching accelerator the location of the IP packet.

Simultaneously, the silicon queuing engine is receiv in g forwarding information from the forwarding processor. The forwarding processor tells the s ilicon queuing engine the virtual output queue where the IP packet is to be placed.

Each virtual output queue represents an output destination (d estination line card ). Th is placement of the IP packets in a virtual output queue is based on the decision made by the forwarding processor. There is one virtual output queue for each line card, plus a dedicated virtual output queue for multicast service.

The transmit silicon queuing engine moves the packet from the switch fabric to the transmit buffer, and then to the transmit interface.

• Switch fabric interface—The switch fabr ic interface is the same 1.2 5-Gbps, full-duple x

data path to the switching fabric that is used by the GRP. Once a packet is in the proper queue, the switch fabric interface issues a request to the master clock scheduler on the CSC. The scheduler issues a grant and transfers the packet across the switching fabric.

• Maintenance bus (MBus) module—A maintenance bus (MBus) module on the line card

responds to requests from the mast er MBus modul e on the GRP. The MBus module on the line card reports temperature and voltage information to the master MBus module. In addition, the MBus module on the line card contains the ID-EEPR OM, which stor es the serial number, hardware revision level, and other information about the card.

Product Overview 1-59

Overview of the Cisco 12008

• Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) memory tabl e—Each line card maintains CEF tables.

These tables, derived from routing tables maintained by the GRP, are used by the line card processor in making forwarding decisions.

Large networks may req uire more DRAM t o support lar ge CE F tables. F or infor mation on adding memory to a line card, see the document entitled Cisco 12000 Series Giga bit Switch Router Memory Replacement Instructions.

OC-12c/STM-4c POS Line Card

The OC-12c/STM-4c POS line card provides the Cisco 12008 with a single 622-Mbps Packet-Over-SONET ( POS) interface. The card provides one OC-12c/STM-4cc SC duplex single-mode or multimode SONET/SDH connectio n. This conn ectio n is concatenated, which provides for increased efficiency b y eliminating the need to partition the bandwidth.

Figure 1-18 shows a high-level block diagram of the OC-12c/STM-4c POS line card; Figure 1-19 shows a front view of the card.

1-60

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-18 Block Diagram of the OC-12c/STM-4c POS Line Card

Input

interface

Output

interface

Packet receive

(Rx)

Forwarding

processor

Packet

transmit

(Tx)

Burst

buffer

L3 switching accelerator

Burst

buffer

Buffer

memory

queuing

Buffer

memory

Silicon engine

MBus

module

Switch

fabric

interface

MBus interface

Switch fabric

H11725

Product Overview 1-61

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-19 OC-12c/STM-4c POS Line Card

Single-mode Multimode

Ejector lever

ACTIVE CARRIER RX PKT

OC-12/STM-4 SM IR POS

Port 0

Status LEDs

ACTIVE CARRIER RX PKT

OC-12/STM-4 MM POS

Alphanumeric

LED display

Ejector lever

Front view Rear view

160-pin backplane signal connector

H10782

1-62

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Each OC-12c/STM-4c POS line card incorporates the following primary components: Each Quad OC-3c/STM-1c POS line card incorporates the following major components:

• Transceivers—The single-mode intermediate reach transceiver provides a full-duplex,

155-Mbps, 1300-nm, laser-based SONET/SDH-compliant interface. The multimode transceiver provides a full-duplex, 155-Mbps, 1300-nm, LED-based SONET/SDH compliant interface.

The SONET specification for fiber-optic transmission defines two types of fiber: single mode and multimode. Signals can travel farther through single mode fiber than through multimode fiber.

• Burst buffers—The burst buffer (512 KB) prevents the dropping of packets during

instantaneous increases in the number of back-to-back small packets being trans mitted at OC-12c/STM-4c line rates. Burst buffers are used to achieve high throughput while smoothing out the arriving packet burst for the Layer 3 switch processor.

• Buffer memory—The silicon queuing engine controls the placement of IP packets in

buffer memor y as well as their removal from buffer memory. The default packet buf fer memory is 32 MB, which includes 16 MB of receive (Rx) b uffers and 16 MB of transmit (Tx) buffers.

The buffer memory can be config ured to support up to 64 MB of recei v e buf fers and up to 64 MB of transmit buffers. The buffers can support delays compar able to the lo ngest round trip delays measured in the Internet at OC-12c/STM-4c line rates

• Layer 2 switching accelerator—The Layer 2 switching accelerator assists the

• Forwarding processor—A forwarding processor makes forwarding decisions based on

the information in the Cisco Ex press Forw arding (CEF) table and the Layer 2 and Layer 3 information in the packet. The GRP constantly upd ates forwarding in formation in the forwarding table, based on the latest information in the routing table.

Product Overview 1-63

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Once the forwarding processor makes a forwarding decision, it notifies the silicon queuing engine, and the silicon queuing engine places the packet in the proper queue.

This partitioning between the Layer 2 switching accelerator and the forwarding processor blends the high throughput of hardware-accelerated forwarding with the flexibility of software-based routing.

• Silicon queuing engine—Each line card has two silicon queuing engines: receive and

transmit. The receive engine moves packets from the burst buffer to the switch fabric, and the transmit engine moves packets from the switch fabric to the transmit interface.

When an incoming IP packet is clocked into the silicon queuing engine, packet integrity is verified by a CRC check. Next, the silicon queuing engine transfers the IP packet to buffer memory and tells the Layer 3 switching accelerator the location of the IP packet. Simultaneously, the silicon queuing engine is receiv in g forwarding information from the forwarding processor. The forwarding processor tells the s ilicon queuing engine the virtual output queue where the IP packet is to be placed.

1-64

The transmit silicon queuing engine moves the packet from the switch fabric to the transmit buffer, and then to the transmit interface.

• Switch fabric interface—The switch fabric interface is the same 1.25-Gbaud, full-

duplex data path to the switching fabric that is used by the GRP. Once a packet is in the proper queue, the switch fabric interface issues a request to the master clock scheduler on the CSC. The scheduler issues a grant and transfers the packet across the switching fabric.

• Maintenance bus (MBus) module—A maintenance bus (MBus) module on the line card

responds to requests from the mast er MBus modul e on the GRP. The MBus module on the line card reports temperature and voltage information to the GRP master MBus module.

In addition, the MBus module on the line card contains the ID-EEPR OM, which stor es the serial number, hardware revision level, and other information about the card.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

• Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) memory tabl e—Each line card maintains CEF tables.

These tables, derived from routing tables maintained by the GRP, are used by the line card processor to make forwarding decisions.

Large networks may req uire more DRAM t o support lar ge CE F tables. F or infor mation on adding memory to a line card, see the document entitled Cisco 12000 Series Giga bit

Switch Router Memory Replacement Instructions.

OC-12c/STM-4c ATM Line Card

The OC-12c/STM-4c ATM line card provides the Cisco 12008 with a 622-Mbps ATM interface. The card interfaces to the router’s switch fabric, supports from 10 to 40 Gbps, and provides one OC-12c/STM-4c SC duplex single-mode or multimode SONET/SDH connection. This connection is concatenated, which provides for increased efficiency by eliminating the need to partition the bandwidth.

Figure 1-20 shows a high-level block diagram of the OC-12c/STM-4c ATM line card; Figure 1-21 shows a front view of the card.

Figure 1-20 Block Diagram of the OC-12c/STM-4c ATM Line Card

Input

interface

Output

interface

Packet

receive

(Rx)

Forwarding

processor

Packet

transmit

(Tx)

Reassembly

Segmen-

tation

Burst buffer

L3 switching

accelerator

Burst buffer

Buffer

memory

queuing

Buffer

memory

Silicon engine

MBus

module

Switch

fabric

interface

MBus interface

H7695

Product Overview 1-65

Switch fabric

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-21 Front View of OC-12c/STM-4c ATM Line Card

Single-mode Multimode

Ejector lever

ACTIVE CARRIER RX CELL

Port 0

Status LEDs

ACTIVE CARRIER RX CELL

160-pin backplane signal

OC-12/STM-4 SM IR ATM

OC-12/STM-4 MM ATM

connector

Alphanumeric

LED display

Ejector lever

H10783

Front view Rear view

1-66

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Each OC-12c/STM-4c ATM line card incorporates the following primary components:

• Reassembly and segmentation—The transceivers support packet reassembly

(converting ATM cells to packets) and segmentation (con verting packets to ATM cells). The transceivers can hand le up to 4000 simultaneous reassemblies (based on an average packet size of 280 bytes). In addition, the reassembly application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and the segmentation ASIC support up to 15,000 active virtual circuits.

The SONET specification for fiber-optic transmission defines two types of fiber: single mode and multimode. Signals can travel farther through single mode fiber than through multimode fiber.

• Burst buffers—The burst buffer (4 MB) prevents the dropping of packets during

instantaneous increases in the number of back-to-back small packets being trans mitted at OC-12 line rates. Burst buffers provide high throughput while smoothing out the arriving packet burst for the Layer 3 switch processor.

• Buffer memory—The silicon queuing engine controls the placement of IP packets in

buffer memor y as well as their removal from buffer memory. The default packet buf fer memory is 32 MB, which includes 16 MB of receive (Rx) b uffers and 16 MB of transmit (Tx) buffers. The buffer memory can be configured to support up to 64 MB of receive buffers and 64 MB of transmit bu ffers. The buf fers can support delays comparable to the longest round trip delays measured in the Internet at OC-3/STM-1 line rates.

• Layer 2 switching accelerator—The Layer 2 switching accelerator assists the

• Forwarding processor—A forwarding processor makes forwarding decisions based on

information in the Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) table and the Layer 2 and Layer 3 information in the packet. The GRP constantly updates forwarding information in the forwarding table based on the latest information in the routing table.

Product Overview 1-67

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Once the forwarding decision has been made, the silicon queuing engine is notified by the forwarding processor , and the silicon queuing en gine places the packet in the p roper queue.

This partitioning between the Layer 2 switching accelerator and the forwarding processor blends the high throughput of hardware-accelerated forwarding with the flexibility of software-based routing.

• Silicon queuing engine—Each line card has two silicon queuing engines: receive and

transmit. The receive engine moves packets from the burst buffer to the switch fabric, and the transmit engine moves packets from the switch fabric to the transmit interface.

When an incoming IP packet is clocked into the silicon queuing engine, the packet’s integrity is verified by a CRC check. Next, the silicon queuing engine transfers the IP packet to buffe r memor y and tells the Layer3 switching accelerator the location of the IP packet. Simultaneously, the silicon queuing engine is receiving forwarding information from the forwarding processor, while the forwarding processor is telling the silicon queuing engine where the IP packet is to be placed in the virtual output queue.

Each virtual output queue represents an output destination (destination line card). Placement of the IP packets in a virtual output queue is based on the decision made by the forwarding processor. There is one virtual output queue for each line card, plus a dedicated virtual output queue for multicast service.

1-68

The transmit silicon queuing engine moves the packet from the switch fabric to the transmit buffer, and then to the transmit interface.

• Switch fabric interface—The switch fabr ic interface is the same 1.2 5-Gbps, full-duple x

• Maintenance bus (MBus) module—An MBus module on the line card responds to

requests from the master MBus modu le on the GRP. The line card MBus module reports temperature and voltage information to the master MBus module.

In addition, the MBus module on the line card contains the ID-EEPR OM, which stor es the serial number, hardware revision level, and other information about the card.

• Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) memory tabl e—Each line card maintains CEF tables.

These tables, derived from routing tables maintained by the GRP, are used by the line card processor to make forwarding decisions.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Air Filter Assembly

The Cisco 12008 is equipped wi th a removable air filter that is mounted directly to the router enclosure in front of the lower card cage (see Figure 1-22).

Although the Cisco 1 2008 will run without an air filter, the air filter should always be present and maintained properly, especially in dirty or dusty environments.

The air filter assembly serves the following purposes:

• Filters the ambient air being draw into the router by the card cage fan tray.

• Prevents EMI radiation from being emitted into the router’s environment.

A metal honeycomb structure built into the air filter assembly provides EMI containment.

You are advised to inspect and clean the air filter at least once a month (or more often in a dusty environment).

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Procedures for vacuuming and replacing the air filter are contained in the section entitled “Cleaning the Air Filter” in Chapter 7.

Lower Card Cage and Associated Compon ents

The lower card cage, located directly behind the air filter assembly (see Figure 1-22), houses the card cage fan tray and an optional set of three switch fabric cards (SFCs).

The dimensional characteristics of the SFCs differ markedly from those of the circuit boards in the upper card cage. Three dedicated slots, numbered SFC0, SFC1, an d SFC2 as you face the lower card cage, are provided to house the SFCs.

Product Overview 1-69

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Switch Fabric Cards

The SFCs increase the switching capacity of the Cisco 12008. By adding three SFCs to a router equipped with a single CSC, yo u increase the band width of each line card slo t in the router from an OC-12 rate to an OC-48 rate.

By adding three SFCs to a router equipped with two CSCs, you not only increase the bandwidth of each line car d s lot to an OC-4 8 rat e, but you also pro v id e a fifth (redundant) switch plane so that the router’s OC-48 data rate can be maintained even if a switch plane should fail.

In a router with full switch plane redundancy (that is, a router with five available switch planes), fiv e parallel 1.25 Gbaud serial data streams can be transmitted across the backplane to and from the router’s line cards. However, only four of the data streams are required for data transmission purposes; the fifth data stream carries erro r correction in formation. If an error occurs on one of the parallel data streams, data in error can be reco v ered throu gh use of the four remaining correct data streams.

You need not install the optional SFCs in a router that uses line cards having an aggregate bandwidth rate of OC-12 or less. In such a system, a single CSC can provide sufficient bandwidth to accomplish all the router’s switching and routing functions. Thus, a minimally configured router does not require the optional switching capacity provided by the SFCs. To increase the switching capacity of the Cisco 1 2008 to the full OC-48 rate, however, you must install the three optional SFCs.

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Each SFC is mounted on its own card carrier and incorporates an onboard power supply that takes the –48 VDC supplied by the backplane and converts it into the 3.3 VDC operating voltage required by the card.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Figure 1-22 Components in the Lower Card Cage

ESD socket

Card cage fan tray

Lower card cage

Switch fabric cards (SFCs)

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L IN

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GIGABIT ROUTE PROCESSOR

Overview of the Cisco 12008

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Alarm

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/LT

Alarms

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CSC-8

H7693

SFC0

SFC1

Air filter assembly

SFC2

Product Overview 1-71

Power Distribution System in the Cisco 12008

The switching fabric of the SFC is identical to that of the CSC. However, the SFCs do not perform any of the system services native to the CSC (see the section entitled “Clock and Scheduler Card” on page 44). The SFC merely augments the switching capacity of the router.

Power Distribution System in the Cisco 12008

In the Cisco 12008, source AC or source DC power is converted by the installed power supply(ies) into the +5 VDC and –48 VDC required for router operation. These voltages are delivered to the backplane through the blind mating Elcon connector at the rear of the power supply enclosure. The backplane then distributes these operating voltages to all of the installed components in the system (see Figure 1-23).

The +5 VDC is fed to the MBus mo dule on each installed card, and the –48 V DC is f e d to a DC-DC converter on each card.

The DC-DC converter on each card operates under control of the card’s MBus module. When directed by the GRP or system software during normal system startup, the DC-DC converter on each card is activated to convert the –48 VDC from the backplane into the voltages required to power the card’s electronic circuitry.

The card cage fan tray and the power supply fan tray derive their operating pow er from a DC-DC converter on the CSC. This converter takes the –48 VDC from the backplane and converts it into the +24 VDC operating voltage required by the fan trays.

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If an overtemperature condition is sensed anywhere within the router, or if any one of the fans fails in either the card cage fan tray or the power supply fan tray, the DC-DC converter on the CSC increases the voltage being delivered to the fan trays. This causes the fans to run at maximum speed to increase the volume of cooling air flowing through the router. Once the overtemperature condition is resolved, the fans revert to their normal operating speed.

Because the fans must operate continuously to prevent thermal damage to router components, they cannot be turned off by software.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Power Distribution System in the Cisco 12008

Figure 1-23 Power Distribution System in the Cisco 12008

Ð48 VDC

converter

DC/DC

+5 VDC

+3.3 VDC

+5.2 VDC

MBus

module

Line cards

DC/DC

MBus

module

CSC card(s)

DC/DC

converter

MBus

module

+5 VDC

+3.3 VDC

+24 VDC

Power supply

fan tray

Card cage

fan tray

Backplane

Ð48 VDC

converter

+5.2 VDC

Ð48 VDC

+5.2 VDC

SFC cards

Ð48 VDC

+5.2 VDC

DC/DC

converter

MBus

module

+3.3 VDC

Backplane

Source voltage AC-input power supply

+5.2 VDC Ð48 VDC

AC or DC

power

supply(ies)

(180 VAC to 264 VAC)

Source voltage DC-input power supply (Ð48 VDC to Ð60 VDC)

Minimum power supply configuration: One AC-input power supply or one DC-input power supply Maximum power supply configuration: Two AC-input power supplies or two DC-input power supplies

H7686

Product Overview 1-73

Cisco 12008 Environmental Monitoring Facility

An environmental monitoring facility, called the maintenance bus (MBus), supports a variety of functions essential to router operations. These functions include the following:

• System discovery (enabling the router to identify installed components)

• Booting software images

• Supporting console traffic, logging functions, and diagnostic functions

• Monitoring the operational health of the router and reporting error conditions

The MBus facility in the router is interconnected by means of the backplane to the following components:

• GRP

• Line cards

• CSCs

• SFCs

• Power supplies

Each of the components listed here contains an onboard MBus module that incorporates two separate transceivers (A and B). Each transceiver has a separate etch ( commu nication path) through the backplane. Consequently , all the MBus modules in the system ar e reliably interconnected to each other by mean s of redun dant b usses. This redund ancy enhances the reliablity of the entire environmental monitoring system.

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The MBus module on each component is power ed by +5.2 VDC that it receives through the backplane from the power supply . A single MBus firmw are image executes on all the MBus modules present in the system.

The master MBus module on the GRP monitors all the alarm conditions detected by the MBus modules in the other components of the system. The master MBus module then determines an appropriate response to the alarm condition.

The MBus modules on installed components perform the following functions:

• Power-up/down control—When power is applied t o the router , the MBus module on the

GRP and the CSC immediately receive +5.2 VDC through the backplane from the power supply, causing each card to supply power to its circuitry.

Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

System Specifications

The MBus modules on other installed components then power up on command from the master MBus agent on the GRP.

• Device discovery—The GRP determines the system configuration by means of the

MBus facility. A message is sent from the master GRP MBus agent, requesting that all installed

components identify themselv es. Each return resp onse includes slot number, card type, and component type.

• Downloading software—A line card ROM monitor is loaded into Flash ROM on the

card during the manufacturing process. This image, which can be field upgraded, if necessary, boots software to the line card by means of the MBus facility.

Because the MBus is slow relative to the switch fabric, only enough code is initially downloaded to the line card to enable it to access the router’s switch fabric.

This initial code includes a line card fabric downloader that functions as a secondary bootstrap program to qu ick ly complete the do wn loadi n g o f t he Cis c o IOS imag e t o th e line card by means of the router’s high-speed switch fabric.

• Diagnostics—The MBus facility enables field diagnostics to be run on the GRP and the

line cards, whether the router is in service (running diagnostics on an individual card without taking the router of fl ine) or out of serv ice (taking t he entire router do wn to run diagnostics).

• Environmental monitoring and alarm functions—The environmental monitoring

functions of the MBus system include the following:

— Voltage and temperature monitoring for the router’s installed compo nents — Fan failure sensing for the card cage fan tray and the power supply fan tray

System Specifications

Table 1-8 lists the physical specifications of the Cisco 12008. Table 1-9 outlines the electr ical specifications of the AC-input power supply; Table 1-10

outlines similar specifications for the DC-input power supply. Table 1-11 lists the environmental specifications of the Cisco 12008.

Product Overview 1-75

System Specifications

Table 1-8 Physical Specifications of the Cisco 12008 Description Value

Chassis height 24.8 inches (63.6 cm) Chassis width 17.4 inches (44.6 cm)

Chassis depth 21.2 inches (54.4 cm), including cable-

W eight, maximum configuration 180 lb (81.7 kg) with two DC-input power

Weight, minimum co nfiguration 127 lb (57.7 kg) Weight, shippi ng pallet 44 lb (20 kg) Weight, total system, on pallet 231 lb (104.9 kg) Weight, base chassi s w it h backplane 50 lb (22.7 kg) Weight, card cage fan tray 12 lb (5.4 kg) Weight, power supply fan tray 2 lb (0.9 kg) Weight, AC-input power supply 17 lb (7.7 kg) Weight, DC-inpu t power supply 14 lb (6.4 kg) Weight, line card 8 lb (3.6 kg) Weight, GRP 8 lb (3.6 kg) Weight, CSC 7 lb (3.2 kg) Weight, SFC 2 lb (0.9 k g)

19.1 inches ( 48.5 c m), inc luding mountin g flanges

management sy s t e m

supplies 187 lb (84.9 kg ) wi t h two AC -input pow er

supplies

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

System Specifications

Table 1-9 Electrical Specifications of the AC-Input Power Supply Power Suppl y

Type

AC Input power Maximum: 2000W

AC Input voltage Nominal: 200 VAC to 240 VAC, single phase

AC Input curren t 9.5A @ 200 VAC AC Line frequency 47 to 63 Hz AC Output power Maximum: 1560W

Table 1-10 Electrical Specifications of the DC-Input Power Supply Power Suppl y

Type

DC Input power Maximum: 1580W

DC Input voltage Nominal: –48 VDC (United S tates)

DC Input current 33 .75A maximum @ –48 VDC

DC Output power Maximum: 1542W

Electrical Characteristic Value

200 VAC to 240 VAC @ 10A

Tolerance limits: 180 VAC to 264 VAC

–48 VDC @ 33.7A +5 VDC @ 20.8A)

Electrical Characteristic Value

–40.5 VDC to –75 VDC @ 39A to 21A

Tolerance limits: –40.5 VDC to –56 VDC Nominal: –60 VDC (International) Tolerance limits: –58 VDC to –75 VDC

27A maximum @ –60 VDC Internal circuit breaker is rated at 40A

–48 VDC @ 33.7A +5 VDC @ 20.8A

Product Overview 1-77

Agency Approvals

Table 1-11 Environmental Specifications of the Cisco 12008 Description Value

Temperature Operating: 32° to 104° F (0° to 40° C)

Nonoperating: –4° to 149° F (–20° C to 65° C)

Humidity Noncondensing, operating: 10 to 90%

Noncondensing , no no pe r a tin g: 5 to 95%

Altitude Operating: 0 to 10,000 ft (0 to 3048 m)

Nonoperating: 0 to 30,000 ft (0 to 9144 m) Heat dissipation 6,000 Btu/hr maximum Acoustic Noise 69 dbA maximum Shock Operating: 5 to 500 Hz, 0.5 g

Nonoperating: 5 to 10 0 Hz , 1 g (0 .1 oct /min);

100 to 500 Hz, 1.5g (0 .2 oct/min);

500 to 1000 Hz, 1.5 g (0.2 oct/min)

1. g = gravity.

2. oct/min = octave per minu te .

(0.1 oct/min2)

Agency Approvals

In addition to meeting GR-63-CORE and GR-1089-COR E specifications, the Cis co 12008 meets the requirements of the agencies listed in Table 1-12.

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Cisco 12008 Gigabit Switch Router Installation and Configuration Guide

Cisco Systems 12008 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

About This Guide

Document Objectives

Audience

Document Organization

Document Conventions

Conventions Used in Command Descriptions

Conventions Used in Examples

Conventions Used for Special Notices

Obtaining Documentation

World Wide Web

Documentation CD-ROM

Ordering Documentation

Obtaining Technical Assistance

Cisco Connection Online

Technical Assistance Center

Documentation Feedback

Product Overview

Cisco’s Next Generation of Routers

Features of the Cisco 12008 Router

Overview of the Cisco 12008

Router Enclosure

Cable-Management System

Card Cage Fan Tray

Power Supply Fan T ray

AC-Input and DC-Input Power Supplies

Upper Card Cage and Associated Components

Air Filter Assembly

Lower Card Cage and Associated Compon ents

Power Distribution System in the Cisco 12008

Cisco 12008 Environmental Monitoring Facility

System Specifications

Agency Approvals