LCL FILTERS
INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
(M98121701-03-09A)
(c)
CIRCUTOR S.A.
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2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
1 CHECKS ON RECEIPT OF THE EQUIPMENT. 3
2 INTRODUCTION. 3
3 OPERATING PRINCIPLE. 3
3.1 HOW TO SELECT A LCL FILTER? 3
4 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4
4.1 GENERAL. 4
4.2 REACTORS 4
4.3 CAPACITORS 4
4.4 STANDARD TYPES ( THREE PHASE 50HZ ) 5
4.5 OVERCOMPENSATION RELAY OPTION 5
4.6 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT 6
4.7 SCHEMATICS 8
5 INSTALLATION AND START-UP. 9
5.1 LOCATION. 9
5.2 INITIAL CHECKS (PRE-INSTALLATION, SWITCH THE POWER OFF). 9
5.3 CONNECTING THE POWER CIRCUIT. (SEE SCHEMATICS IN FIG 3) 9
5.4 CONNECTING THE OPERATING CIRCUIT (ONLY IN CASE OF OVERCOMPENSATION PROTECTION) 9
5.5 START UP. 9
6 CHECK POINTS. 9
7 PERIODICAL SERVICING. 10
8 SAFETY. 10
9 TECHNICAL SERVICE AND GUARANTEE. 10
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3
M
3
LCL FILTER
MAINS
IMPEDANCE
CONVERTER
L1 L2
L3
C
L4
1 CHECKS ON RECEIPT OF THE EQUIPMENT.
Before installing and handling the equipment check that:
1) The equipment has not been damaged during delivery.
2) The equipment supplied is suitable for your requirements and is the type you ordered.
3) The operating voltage of the equipment supplied is suitable for your requirements.
4) Manuals for the equipment and for the regulator are supplied with the capacitor bank.
5) If any problem is noticed, please contact the commercial service department of CIRCUTOR S.A.
2 INTRODUCTION.
LCL filters are specially designed to reduce harmonics of current absorbed by power converters, with
a rectifier input stage. (Frequency converters for motors, UPS, etc.). Mainly, they are made of a
parallel-series combination of reactors and capacitors adapted to reduce the THD(I) of rectifiers. They
are specially designed to reduce the THD(I) to values of approximately 8%, in order to comply with
IEC-61000-3.4 and IEEE-519 standards.
3 OPERATING PRINCIPLE.
The structure of LCL filters is as shown in the schematics below. The basic filter is designed with
L1,L2, L3 and C. In some cases reactor L4, is already placed in front of the converter. In such case L2
may be unnecessary
Fig. 1.- LCL filters Structure
3.1 How to select a LCL filter?
LCL filters must be selected according to the current absorbed by the converter. In case of converters
with very low power rating, a unique LCL filter may be used to supply several converters, but only in
case the all start and stop at the same time. If several converters starting and stopping separately are
supplied by the same LCL filter, the system is not effective on filtering the harmonics. In such case an
individual LCL should be used for each converter.
ATTENTION: LCL filters may produce cos overcompensation in case that the converter is absorbing
a current much lower than the rated current of the filter itself. This can be avoided by disconnecting
the parallel LC circuit when the current falls below a certain adjustable limit. An optional protection
circuit, consisting of a CMM-96-MD and a contactor, may be added to perform this function, if
requested in the order.
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Fig. 2.a. Mains supply without LCL filter
Fig. 2.b. Mains supply without LCL filter
Standard voltage (phase to phase)
400V (Others on request)
Frequency
50Hz for types LCL-35-xx or 60 Hz for types LCL-36-xx
Rated load current
See table of types
Rated filtering current
See table of types
Parallel filter protection
Fuses NH or NZ type depending on size
Residual THD
Aprox. 8%
Voltage drop at rated current
< 2%
Standards
EN 60439, EN 60831 ; EN-50081-1, EN-50081-2 , class A
Ambient temperature
Ambient : 40ºC
Relative Humidity
80%
Core / Coil
High permeability metal sheet / Aluminium
Isolation voltage
2kV
Tolerance in L value
<3%
Saturation L=5%
1,6 of rated current
Maximum ambient temperature
60ºC
Internal temperature at I
rated
<110ºC
Protection thermostat trip
90 ºC
Total maximum overload (n.In)2
25%
Permanent
20%
Transient (1 min)
2 I
rated
Dielectric
Polypropylene Self-healing
WARNING!!!: Due to the LCL filter performance mode, it is quite likely to find elevate harmonic
distortion levels of voltage at the input of the speed drive (downstream to the filter output reactor (L2)).
This voltage distortion should cause no malfunction of the speed drive to be filtered, but it is very much
recommendable, in case that this power drive is taken the auxiliary voltage supply of the control
system from the input of the drive, to take this auxiliary supply from the LCL input, that is, upstream to
the filter input reactor (L1).
4 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
4.1 General.
4.2 Reactors
4.3 Capacitors
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Working voltage
< 1,15 of rated U
Transient overload (10s)
1000 V
Isolation voltage against earth
3 kV
Operating temperature
-25 / +50 ºC
Losses
0,5W/kvar
TYPE
(1) (3)
RATED
VOLTAGE
(V )
RATED
LOAD
CURRENT
(A
RMS
)
RATED FILTERING
CURRENT
(A
RMS
) (2)
CABINET MODEL
LOSSES
W
LC L35-9A-400
400/415
9
3,6
A
55
LC L35-12A-400
400/415
12
4,8
A
73
LC L35-16A-400
400/415
16
6,4
A
97
LC L35-22A-400
400/415
22
8,8
A
134
LC L35-32A-400
400/415
32
12,8
A
194
LC L35-40A-400
400/415
40
16
A
243
LC L35-47A-400
400/415
47
18,8
B
286
LC L35-54A-400
400/415
54
21,6
B
328
LC L35-64A-400
400/415
64
25,6
B
389
LC L35-76A-400
400/415
76
30,4
B
462
LC L35-90A-400
400/415
90
36
B
547
LC L35-110A-400
400/415
110
44
C
668
LC L35-150A-400
400/415
150
60
C
911
LC L35-180A-400
400/415
180
72
C
1094
LC L35-220A-400
400/415
220
88
D
1337
LC L35-260A-400
400/415
260
104
D
1580
LC L35-320A-400
400/415
320
128
D
1944
LC L35-400A-400
400/415
400
160
D
2430
Measuring instrument
CMM-96-MD
Contactor
suitable for the filter power
Current transformer
TP type
4.4 Standard Types ( Three phase 50Hz )
REMARKS
1) If protection against power factor overcompensation is desired, specify in the order
2) Load is supposed to be a three phase 6 pulse rectifier, with dominant harmonics of order 5 and 7
3) For 60 Hz types, specify LCL36 instead of LCL35
4.5 Overcompensation relay option
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A - Sizes from 9 to 40 A
IP21
B - Sizes from 47 to 90 A
IP21
C – Sizes from 110 to 180 A
IP21
4.6 Dimensions
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D – Sizes from 220 to 400 A
IP21
8
U1
V1
W1
CT
U2
V2
W2
L1
L2
L3
N
N
CMM
96-MD
S1 S2
A1A2
LOAD
SIDE
S1
S2
15
18
A1
A2
MAINS
SIDE
Mains Switch must
be placed upstream
L1 L2
L3
C
F1
4.7 SCHEMATICS
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Fig. 3.- Schematic drawing
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5 INSTALLATION AND START-UP.
5.1 Location.
The equipment must be located indoors, away from heat sources and adequately ventilated.
5.2 Initial checks (pre-installation, switch the power OFF).
A main switch must be provided upstream to cut the supply of the filter.
Check that the nominal voltage of the equipment, shown on the technical information label is the
same as the nominal voltage between phases for the system to which it will be connected.
Connect the protective conductor: the cabinet must be earthed through the earthing terminal.
Check and tighten terminals that may have come loose during delivery.
5.3 Connecting the power circuit. (see schematics in Fig 3)
Connect the power terminals (U1, V1, W1) to input cables coming from the mains side and (U2,
V2, W2) to the cables going to the converter side.
WARNING! If holes need to be drilled in the casing to feed cables through, take care to avoid
shavings falling onto the contactors.
5.4 Connecting the operating circuit (Only in case of overcompensation
protection)
The current transformer is installed at a point upstream of the filter. Usually in L1 incoming line.
Connect the CMM-96-MD and set the device to the desired limit of reactive current. (See CMM-
96-MD manual)
5.5 Start up.
Check again the control and power circuit connections.
Switch the main switch ON
6 Check points.
For optimum operation of the filter, the following points must be considered:
Voltage: The operating voltage must not exceed the nominal voltage; Operating in overload
conditions considerably reduces the life of the capacitors.
Current: The absorbed current for each capacitor, must not exceed 1.3 times its nominal current.
Whenever the current absorbed by the capacitors is higher than the nominal current may be due
to excess of harmonics or a voltage higher than the nominal voltage. Both situations are harmful
for the capacitors.
In this event, the bank must be disconnected and CIRCUTOR’s technical department must be
contacted to ascertain the best way to solve the problem.
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CIRCUTOR, S.A.
Vial Sant Jordi, s/n - 08232 Viladecavalls - (08007 Barcelona) Spain
Tel.:
+34 93 745 29 00
Fax:
+34 93 745 29 14
E-mail:
central@circutor.es
http://
www.circutor.com
7 PERIODICAL SERVICING.
Maintenance should be carried out in accordance to the safety procedures detailed in section 8.
LCL filters require minimal maintenance, but it is recommended that the following procedures be
undertaken:
During the first month of operation.
Visually inspect the capacitors.
Examine the protective fuses.
Control the temperature.
Control the service voltage (especially under low load conditions).
Retighten terminals and connections.
Annually.
Check the capacitor's nominal current.
Clean the terminals and isolators on the capacitors.
Check that the terminal connections are tightened.
Check the condition of the contacts on the contactor if there is overcompensation protection.
8 SAFETY.
Before handling any device in the filter disconnect the supply upstream. The filter does not have any
main switch. Switch must be placed at the line head.
Even when the bank is disconnected, there still may be voltage in the capacitors. Therefore, after
having removed the supply voltage, wait for 3 minutes and then short circuit them and earth the
terminals or output cables on each capacitor.
9 TECHNICAL SERVICE AND GUARANTEE.
CIRCUTOR guarantees its products against manufacturing faults for one year from the date of
delivery. The guarantee does not cover protective devices (fuses) nor operating devices subject to
natural wear and tear.
This guarantee becomes void in the event of improper handling or disregard of the handling
conditions.
CIRCUTOR has its CONSULTANCY AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE service at your disposal.
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