Casio IT-2000W User Manual
IT-2000W
(Windows version)
Technical Reference
Manual
(Version 1.00 )
April 1998
Casio Computer Co., Ltd.
Copyright ©1998. All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.3
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
2.3.7
2.3.8
2.3.9
2.3.10
2.3.11
2.3.12
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
Preface
Overview
Features of System
Development Concept
Hardware
Software
Basic Specifications
Model Name
System Configuration
Hardware Block Diagram
Supported Software
Precautions
Basic Software
Overview
Software Configuration
Memory Map
Drive Configuration
Basic System Operation
Overview
Power ON Process
Power OFF Process
Battery Voltage Monitoring Process
Low Consumption Current Process
How to Replace or Recharge Batteries
Supported Devices
Display Unit
EL Backlight
Touch Panel
Disk
Serial Communication
PC Card
Clock Timer
Buzzer
Barcode Reader
Infrared Communication (IR)
Keys
Sensors
System Menu
Overview
Basic Operation
List of Functions
Key Click Sound Setup
Buzzer Volume Setup
Contrast Adjustment
Auto Backlight Setup
Auto Power OFF Setup
Touch Panel Calibration
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
8
9
9
10
13
16
16
16
17
18
19
19
21
25
27
31
34
36
36
38
39
40
42
44
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
52
53
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
2
3.10 YMODEM Utility 61
3.11 FLINK Command 65
3.12 System Date/Time Setup 68
3.13 Command Prompt 69
3.14 RAM Disk Size Change 70
3.15 Disk Format 72
3.16 System Initialization 74
3.17 Password Entry 75
Chapter4 MS-DOS 76
4.1 Overview 76
4.2 How to Write CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT 78
4.3 Card Boot 81
Chapter5 MS-Windows 84
5.1 Overview 84
5.2 Installation of MS-Windows 85
5.2.1 Demonstration Installation 85
5.2.2 Application Installation 86
Chapter6 Keyboard Controller 87
6.1 Overview 87
6.2 Keyboard Control 88
6.3 Touch Panel Control Function 90
6.4 Sensor Control 91
6.5 Backlight Control 92
Chapter7 Drivers 95
7.1 Overview 95
7.2 System Driver 96
7.2.1 Function 96
7.2.2 Startup Method 96
7.3 Clock Control Driver 97
7.3.1 Function 97
7.3.2 Startup Method 98
7.4 Keypad Driver/Hardware Window Manager 99
7.4.1 Function 99
7.5 PenMouse Driver 100
7.5.1 Overview 100
7.5.2 Startup Method 101
7.6 Virtual Keyboard Driver 102
7.6.1 Function 102
7.6.2 Startup Method 103
7.7 System Library (main program file) 104
7.7.1 Function 104
7.7.2 Operation Method 104
7.8 Display Driver 105
7.8.1 Function 105
7.8.2 Startup Method 105
7.9 COM Driver for IrDA 107
7.9.1 Overview 107
7.9.2 Windows 3.1 Communication Functions 109
7.9.3 Setting Up WIN.INI File 135
7.9.4 Installation Method 139
Chapter8 Application Development 141
8.1 Overview 141
8.2 Notes on Developing Application 142
8.3 Development Environment 143
8.3.1 Development Environment 143
8.3.2 Application Development Library 143
8.3.3 Simulation Driver 144
8.4 Program Development Procedure 145
8.4.1 Creation of Execution File 146
3
8.4.2 Debugging Through Simulation 147
8.4.3 Operation Check on IT-2000 (Using COM2KEY/XY) 149
8.4.4 Installation of Application Program 150
8.5 Simulation Driver 152
8.5.1 System Driver Simulator (SysCall.DLL) 153
8.6 Library 157
8.6.1 Overview 157
8.6.2 System Library 158
8.6.3 Keypad Library 196
8.6.4 OBR Library 213
Setting Operation Mode/DT-9650BCR 223
Setting Operation Mode/DT-9656BCR 228
8.6.5 YMODEM Library 233
8.6.6 FLINK Library 239
Chapter 9 Utility 257
9.1 Overview 257
9.2 Calculator Utility 258
9.3 Clock Utility 260
9.4 Calendar Utility 262
9.5 Remaining Battery Voltage Display Utility 263
9.6 FLINK Utility 264
9.6.1 Communication Parameter Setup Command 265
9.6.2 File Transmission (/S) 267
9.6.3 File Reception (/R) 269
9.6.4 File Append (/A) 271
9.6.5 File Deletion (/D) 272
9.6.6 File Move/Rename (/N) 273
9.6.7 Idle Start 274
9.6.8 Termination Codes and Messages 275
9.7 XY Utility 277
9.8 Reverse Video Utility 282
9.9 COM2KEY Utility 283
9.10 Windows Installation Utility 284
APPENDIX A TFORMAT.EXE 291
APPENDIX B PC Card Driver 292
APPENDIX C Acquisition of Suspend/Resume Event and
Power Status
295
4
Preface
The IT-2000 Technical Reference Manual (hereinafter referred to as this document) is provided to
assist the user in developing programs to run on the Casio IT-2000 (hereinafter referred to as this
terminal or IT-2000 or HT). Microsoft C/C++ Ver.7.0 or later, and the manuals supplied with it, is
required to develop programs for this terminal.
Read Chapter 1 of this manual in its entirety to understand the features of this terminal.
Important notices to user
The information contained in this document may be modified without prior notice.
Casio Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any outcome that result from the use of this
document and the terminal.
Copyright notice
The contents of this document are protected by the Copyright Law of Japan.
This document may not be reproduced or transferred in part or in whole, in any form without
permission from Casio Computer Co., Ltd.
Copyright © Casio Computer Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
About MS-DOS 6.22
The MS-DOS copyright is the proprietary of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and is
protected by the United States Copyright Law and International Treaty provisions.
The MS-DOS software shall not be modified, reverse-engineered, decompiled, or disassembled. Any
form of reproduction is also absolutely prohibited.
About MS-Windows
The MS-Windows copyright is the proprietary of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and is
protected by the United States Copyright Law and International Treaty provisions.
The MS-Windows software shall not be modified, reverse-engineered, decompiled, or disassembled.
Any form of reproduction is also absolutely prohibited.
About trademarks
AT and IBM PC/AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines
Corporation in the United States.
MS, MS-DOS, Microsoft C/C++, Visual C ++, Visual Basic, and MS-Windows are registered
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States.
5
1. Overview
1.1 Features of System
1.1.1 Development Concept
The IT-2000 is a data collection terminal for business use. After years of refinement Casio
Computer Co., Ltd. has developed its hand-held type terminals so that they yield high speed and
a high functionality in comparison to general personal computers. This allows improved efficiency
in software development.
It has adopted the IBM PC/AT architecture and incorporated an IBM PC/AT compatible BIOS.
It uses MS-DOS Ver. 6.22 and MS-Windows for its OS. This has drastically improved the software
development environment and compatibility to IBM PC/AT family applications.
The adoption of a power-saving type 32-bit CPU, the Intel 80486GX, allows the terminal to operate
continuously for eight hours (when the backlight is off).
1.1.2 Hardware
Global IBM PC/AT architecture standard is adopted.
Compact design: 85 (W) x 196 (L) x 30 (H) mm, 430 g (approx.)
Uses a 32-bit CPU (Intel 80486 GX) for 25 MHz high-speed operation.
High-resolution (192 x 384 pixels), large-size liquid crystal touch panel.
Supports various interfaces, including RS-232C (8-pin, 14-pin), IR, and PC card.
High environmental adaptability: Operation temperature at between -5 and 50, water splash
proof capability conforms to the IPxII standard, etc.
Uses a small-size, large capacity lithium-ion battery pack as the main battery.
Incorporates a large capacity flash ROM drive as the user drive.
1.1.3 Software
MS-DOS Ver. 6.22 and MS-Windows as the operating system.
IBM PC/AT-compatible BIOS makes it easy to develop user application programs.
Uses APM 1.1, for advanced low-power consumption capability.
6
PC card slot conforms to PCMCIA Release 2.1 supporting various PC cards.
Implements IrDA 1.1 protocol for high-speed infrared communication.
System menu makes it easy to maintain the IT-2000 and install user application programs.
Provides various development support tools including C-language libraries and communication
utilities for developing business application programs.
1.1.4 Basic Specifications
IT-2000
Architecture
IBM PC/AT architecture
External dimensions and weight
Dimensions : 85 (W) x 196 (L) x 30 (H) mm
Weight : 430 g (approx.)
CPU
Intel 80486GX(32-bit)
Memory
DRAM : 4 MB
F-ROM : 0/4/8/12/16/24 MB (refer to Chapter 1.1.5)
MASK ROM : 8 MB, Windows file
BIOS ROM : 1 MB (BIOS section: 256 KB, Drive C image: 768 KB)
Display and input
LCD panel : 192 x 384 dots (FSTN semi-transparent LCD), with EL
backlight
Touch panel : Analog, 192 x 384 dots
Interface
8-pin : RS-232C
14-pin : RS-232C
IrDA : Standards 1.0/1.1
PC Card : PCMCIA Release 2.1
Power supply
Main battery : Lithium-ion battery pack (x 1)
Sub-battery : Lithium-vanadium battery (x 1), lithium battery (x 1)
Operating hours : 8 hours (if backlight off)
Backup period : 2 weeks (approximately)
Environment conditions
Temperature
Water-splash proof : Conforms to IPxII standard
Software
BIOS : IBM PC/AT compatible
OS : MS-DOS Version 6.22, MS-Windows
F-ROM : NAND flash file system
Basic functions : Suspend/Resume, Auto Power OFF, Auto Backlight OFF,
: Operation -5 to 50
: Storage -10 to 55
Auto Backlight ON/OFF with light intensity detection,
Auto Power ON with timer/ring signal/detection of
mounted I/O Box, Battery voltage monitoring function
7
1.1.5 Model Name
The following IT-2000s of Windows version will be available. For price of each model, please
consult with your local Casio representative.
Model RAM FlashROM Total Remark
IT-2000W20 4 Mbytes 4 Mbytes 8 Mbytes
IT-2000W30 4 Mbytes 8 Mbytes 12 Mbytes
IT-2000W40 4 Mbytes 12 Mbytes 16 Mbytes
IT-2000W50 4 Mbytes 16 Mbytes 20 Mbytes
IT-2000W60 4 Mbytes 24 Mbytes 28 Mbytes
8
1.2 System Configuration
1.2.1 Hardware Block Diagram
CPU
i486GX
A/D
converter
UART/
SIR
RTC
BUS
Controller
1
COM 1
COM 2
Power switch
FLASH ROM
BIOS/DOS
DRAM
Buffer
Keyboard
controller
ASIC
RTC
16550
PC card
controller
(DINOR)
IrDA 1.1
IrDA 1.0
MASK ROM
Battery voltage monitoring sensor
Temperature sensor
Illumination sensor
8-pin
Key
Analog touch
panel
IrDA
Driver/Receiver
RS-232C
driver
14-pin
PC card slot
PMU
VGA
controlle
NAND
interface
BL controller
r
PMU
NAND FLASH
EL Backlight
LCDLCTC
Lithium-ion
battery
Primary sub-battery
Secondary sub-battery
9
1.2.2 Supported Software
The software used with this terminal can be divided into two categories: the system software that
includes the BIOS, OS, and device drivers and the user software such as the development tools.
The system software is stored on the DINOR FLASH ROM (1 MB), and the user software is
supported from the SDK CD-ROM (version 4.0) supplied by Casio at free of charge. The following
paragraphs describe the software.
BIOS
The BIOS program is stored in the DINOR FLASH ROM. 256 KB of DINOR FLASH ROM is
allocated specifically as the BIOS storage area.
The BIOS of this terminal consists of the standard PC/AT BIOS section, PEN BIOS for supporting
the touch panel, extension BIOS for supporting devices inherent to this terminal, and APM BIOS for
attain the low-power consumption capability.
MS-DOS Main Part
The main part of the MS-DOS Ver. 6.22 is stored in drive (C:).
In drive (C:) 768 KB of memory area in the DINOR FLASH ROM (1 MB) is allocated. Because of
the capacity limitation, only the essential MS-DOS files are stored in drive (C:). Therefore, if using
an MS-DOS file that is not included in the main part, copy it from the Backup CD-ROM (title on
CD-ROM: MS-DOS version 6.22 Software) to the F-ROM drive (D:) or RAM disk (A:).
For information about each MS-DOS file refer to an MS-DOS manual, commonly available at book
stores.
Device Drivers and System Files
These files must be loaded via CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT at boot-up. These files are all
stored in drive (C:).
File name Storage location Description
SYSDRV.SYS Basic drive (C:) System driver
TIME.SYS Basic drive (C:) Clock control driver
CS.EXE, etc. Basic drive (C:) PC card driver
CASIOAPM.COM Basic drive (C: ) Touch-panel enabler
ENDATA.COM Basic drive (C:) ATA card-related data
CKRAMDSK.EXE
CKRAMDSK.DAT
CALIB.EXE Basic drive (C:) Calibration
SYSMENU.EXE Basic drive (C:) System Menu
HWWMAN.EXE Basic drive (C:) Hardware window manager
KEYPAD.EXE
KEYPAD.DAT
Basic drive (C:) RAM disk checker
Basic drive (C:) Keypad
10
TFORMAT.EXE Basic drive (C:) F-ROM drive formatter
Windows Driver
These drivers are necessary for the Windows to run on IT-2000. Download to F-ROM drive (D: ).
File name Storage location Description
VGA_C.DRV
VGA_NC.DRV
PENMOUSE.DRV SDK Mouse driver
VKD.386 SDK Virtual key driver
IRDA.DLL
IRCOMM.DRV
MASK ROM drive (E: ) Display drivers
SDK IR communication drivers
Utilities
For information about the utilities refer to Chapter 9 "Utility".
File name Storage location Description
WCAL.EXE SDK Calendar utility
WCALC.EXE SDK Calculator utility
WCLOCK.EXE SDK Clock utility
WCHKBATT.EXE SDK Power status indication utility
XY.EXE XY utility (DOS program)
FLINK.EXE
LCDREV.EXE SDK Reverse video utility
Basic drive (C:)
FLINK utility (DOS program)
(DOS program)
11
Development Tool Libraries
All the libraries of Windows are provided either as Dynamic Link Library (DLL) or as Visual
BASIC Custom Control (VBX). To use these libraries, download first to a directory in F-ROM
drive (D: ). The files, *.LIB and *.H, are needed when you develop an application program.
File name Storage location Description
LIBSYSW.LIB
SYSCALL.DLL
SYSCALLP.DLL
SYSLIB.H
PADCTRL.VBX
PADCTRL.H
LIBOBR.LIB
OBRLIB.H
OBRLIB.DLL
LIBYMOD.LIB
YMODEM.DLL
YMODEM.H
FLINK.LIB
FLINK.DLL
FLINK.H
COM2KEY.EXE Basic driver (C: ) COM > KEY for DEBUG
PMON.COM
PMOFF.COM
SDK System library
SDK Keypad library
SDK OBR library
SDK YMODEM utility library
SDK FLINK utility library
(DOS program)
Basic drive (C:) Switching DOZE mode ON/OFF
(DOS program)
12
1.3 Precautions
If reading the internal clock with INT21h the significant data should include and be limited to
the seconds digits. On this terminal the time is read directly from the RTC so that the correct
time can be attained at any moment, even during extended continuous use. As a result the 1/100
of a second digit is ignored. (refer to Chapter 7.3 “Clock Control Driver”.)
To count time, the counter of DOS or the function provided for reading time must be used.
Time tick count of Windows will be behind 1 second in every 2 minutes.
If it is necessary to reboot the system from an application, use the dedicated system library.
However, the reboot operation that uses INT19h of the BIOS I/F does not work.
Many commercial PC programs use a VGA screen (80 (H) x 25 (V)). If these programs are run
on this terminal (24 (H) x 24 (V)) part of the message may not be displayed on the screen.
For example, some of messages displayed by Windows appear partly (left side of the messages
only) on the screen.
Writing to a PC card should always be performed by terminating the write action through the
flash-out process. Otherwise, if system operation is suspended while writing to an SRAM card
or ATA card, the data on the card may be damaged. To activate this flash-out process use the
“_dos_commit()” function of Visual C/C++ or Commit Function (68h) of DOS.
VGA controller is installed in IT-2000. Logically, it can display 16 different colors each in
single color though only 4 colors at a time are distinguishable. In case of development of
application program in single color, by having four colors, such as RGB (255,255,255), RGB
(192,192,192), RGB (128,128,128), RGB (0,0,0), will help you create an easy-to-see
application program.
Note:
If you wish to select a dither color, first display it on the screen to make sure. Due to technical
reasons the display of the B/W LCD may change to reverse video if an application program
developed by the user on a PC is executed without modification on this terminal. To restore the
normal display use the Reverse Video Utility (refer to Chapter 9.8 “Reverse Video Utility”).
Key input operation is disabled for about one second after the Power has been turned off/on.
This is not a malfunction. This occurs because the monitoring timer starts operating the moment
the Power switch is turned on and does not allow any key input for about one second until this
timer expires. Thus, key input is not possible.
13
If an LB1 event (low main battery voltage) occurs, the alarm buzzer starts sounding and system
operation is suspended about 10 minutes later. If the alarm buzzer starts sounding, terminate the
current operation as soon as possible and recharge the main battery.
This system will not execute an alarm indication to be displayed on the LCD screen for an LB2
event (low sub-battery voltage) or LB3 event (low SRAM card battery voltage). Therefore, the
application program side must acquire these alarm status via the system library and display an
appropriate alarm message on the screen.
If the volume of the buzzer is set to zero by the System Menu or system library, the LB1 (low
main battery voltage) alarm will not be heard. Also, other sounds issued by the system will be
inaudible.
If the system is booted from a PC card and if a large-size program that resides on the card is
called from AUTOEXEC.BAT, an error may result. To avoid this problem refer to Chapter 4.2
“How to Write CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT".
The time limits that can be set for the Auto Power OFF (APO) function are 0 minute, 1 minute
and 30 seconds, 2 minutes and 30 seconds, up to a maximum of 15 minutes and 30 seconds.
This timer has an error of +/-23 seconds.
Do not open the battery compartment lid while the power is on. If it is opened accidentally, an
emergency alarm sounds. In case such the event occurs, close the lid at once.
When you change the main battery, be sure to switch off the power before opening the lid.
An SRAM card once formatted with the DT-9000 cannot be used or formatted with IT-2000.
If the battery pack is installed for the first time after purchase, or if it is installed after the
IT-2000 unit has not been used for a long period of time, install the battery and wait for
approximately eight seconds before turning the power on. This must be done because it takes
approximately eight seconds until sufficient power can be raised for the emergency process.
And, during this interval the power cannot be turned on even if the Power switch is turned on.
If the power is turned on for the first time after purchase and there is no installed application,
the System Menu will always appear. To start up the application, the application must be
installed first on the IT-2000. (refer to Chapter 8.4.4 “Installation of Application Program” )
14
The backlight is turned off by means of the ABO (Auto Backlight OFF) function. However, it
is turned off 1.3 seconds after the setup time. This is because the system has 1.3 seconds of
monitoring time before the internal timer is started.
During the process of loading Windows after boot-up, do not press the Power switch.
Do not press the Power switch because a processing request is issued before the process handler
is installed, resulting that the processing following the request can no longer be achieved.
This terminal cannot avoid encountering the bugs inherent to Windows. If, for example, the File
Manager is used, dates (such as a date of file creation, etc.) on and after the year of 2000 will
not be displayed correctly. This is caused by a bug within Windows. However, note that the
internal clock will operate properly after the year 2000.
The touch panel calibration program is not supported as part of Windows. Therefore, if
calibrating the touch panel with Windows, terminate Windows and execute the calibration
program from the DOS prompt screen, then return to Windows.
The input process from the touch panel should be designed so that every designation can be
accepted with a single click. On this terminal a double-click can be ignored.
For this system, the two display drivers of VGA_C.DRV and VGA_NC.DRV are provided.
The former will display the mouse cursor and the latter will not display the cursor nor the sand-
glass cursor.
While a file in SRAM card is being opened under Windows, the operation of the access to the
card is aborted if suspend is executed. This will cause INT24 error when the access to the
SRAM card for writing or closing is continued after the resume. When you use an SRAM card
under Windows, please be sure to perform the operation steps in sequence of “open write
close”.
Do not input “^P” from the DOS prompt. If it is input, “^P” requests DOS to redirect console
output to printer. However, because the IT-2000 does not have a built-in printer, it will enter
into wait mode.
For information about the system library, refer to Chapter 8.6.2, "System Library".
For information about the low voltage alarm notification function refer to Chapter 2.2.4 "Battery
Voltage Monitoring Process"
.
15
2. Basic Software
2.1 Overview
2.1.1 Software Configuration
The following diagram shows the software configuration of the IT-2000W.
Application Program
LibSYSW.LIB
VKD.386
LibOBRW.LIB
OBRLIB.DLL
LibYMOD.LIB
MS-Windows
YMODEM.DL
LibSYSW.LIB
SysCall.DLL
Handy Terminal Original Hardware & ROM BIOS
PADCTRL.VBX
FLINK.LIB
Display Req.
VGA_NC.drv
FLINK.DLL
IrDA Driver
Mouse Event
PenMouse.drv
AT Architecture
&
ROM BIOS
Fig. 2.1
16
2.1.2 Memory Map
The memory map of the IT-2000 is as follows.
Extended Memory
ROM BIOS
NAND DISK BIOS/VGA BIOS
Memory Mapped Disk I/F
PC Card I/F
EMS Windows 16 KB x 4
Reserved
Video Buffer
128 KB
System RAM
640 KB
Fig. 2.2
100000h
0F0000h
0E0000h
0DC000h
0D8000h
0C8000h
0C0000h
0A0000h
000000h
17
2.1.3 Drive Configuration
The drive configuration differs for each model as described in the following table:
Drive A:
[Read and Write]
[Read Only]
[Read and Write]
[Read Only]
[Read Only]
[Read and Write]
RAM disk
This drive is prepared for use after the RAM disk size is specified from
the System Menu. The contents of this RAM disk will not be erased
through a boot process or by pressing the RESET switch.
Basic drive (DINOR FLASH ROM)Drive C:
This drive starts up MS-DOS. The main body of MS-DOS and
maintenance programs such as the System Menu, etc., are stored in this
drive.
F-ROM driveDrive D:
Application programs are stored on this drive. The drive size (storage
capacity) differs depending on the model.
Drive for Windows filesDrive E:
A ROM that stores Windows files is assigned to the drive E.
This is a reserved drive on IT-2000D models. In this case note that if this
drive is accessed , an INT24h error will occur.
Drive for booting up from cardDrive F:
This read-only drive functions only while a card is being booted.
For information about the mechanism of booting a card refer to
Chapter 4.3 “Card Boot”.
PC card driveDrive G:
This drive is required if the application program accesses the PC card.
This drive is prepared for use by loading the PC card driver via
CONFIG.SYS.
Note:
The drive letter of each drive is reserved. Therefore, these drive letters are not changed even if the
RAM disk is not used.
18
2.2 Basic System Operation
2.2.1 Overview
Basic operation of this system on the terminal consists of the suspend/resume process and boot
process operated by means of the Power switch and RESET switch, as shown in the following
diagram.
OFF STATE
OFF EVENT
OFF Process
System Menu
During normal operation the system status will move between the ON state and the OFF state,
shown in the above diagram, by pressing the power key.
ON KEY
Application BOOT
RESET SWITCH
System Menu BOOT
RESET SWITCH
System Menu BOOT
ON KEY
System Menu BOOT
Fig. 2.3
ON STATE
OFF EVENT
OFF Process
ON EVENT
ON Process
SUSPEND
STATE
INITIAL STATE
The SUSPEND state is a state from which the previous state can be returned to at any time. The
process of returning from the SUSPEND state to the ON state is called the resume process.
The RESET switch is used to either re-start the system or to initiate the System Menu, which is the
maintenance program. Press this RESET switch to start hardware initialization followed by initiation
of the System Menu. This process is called the System Menu boot process.
If an OFF event occurs while the System Menu is operating, the system shifts to the OFF state.
If the ON key is pressed in the OFF state, the boot process is executed again and an appropriate
application program will be loaded. This process is called the application boot process.
19
The following table summarizes the power-on processes provided for this terminal.
System Menu boot
process
Application boot process Searches for CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT prepared
Resume process Restores the memory conditions that existed before the power
Always executes CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT located
in drive (C:) for starting up the MS-DOS.
by the user and starts up MS-DOS from the drive where they are
located.
was turned off and continues operating according to the
conditions.
20
2.2.2 Power ON Process
Overview
The ON process is provided to make the system ready for use (ON state). The actual process varies
depending on the settings at that point in time and the last OFF factor (the cause of the OFF action).
ON factors:
Pressing the Power switch
Pressing the RESET switch
Power ON alarm
Reception of RING signal
Mounting on the I/O Box
OFF factors:
Pressing the Power switch
Pressing the RESET switch
Auto Power OFF (APO)
Power OFF by software
Auto Power OFF due to lower battery voltage
Emergency Power OFF due to lower battery voltage
Note:
For more information power OFF factors refer to Chapter 2.2.3 "Power OFF Process".
This ON process is divided into two processes: the "Resume process" for continuing the previous
process and the "Boot process" for re-loading MS-DOS. The Boot process can be further broken into
the "Application boot" and the "System Menu boot" processes.
Fig. 2.4
Boot Process
ON Process
Resume Process
Application Boot Process
System Menu Boot Process
Application Boot Process
Searches CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files according to the priority given to each
drive and, if these files are found, sets the drive where these files are located as the current drive.
(refer to ”Application Boot Process” on the next page).
21
System Menu Boot Process
Press the RESET switch to set the drive C as the current drive, and load MS-DOS from that
drive. As a result, the System Menu that includes the maintenance program will be initiated
(refer to “System Menu Boot Process” on this page).
Resume Process
This process restores the conditions that existed before the power was most recently turned off.
Any application program that was running at that point in time can be continued.
The contents of the above listed processes will be described in the following sections.
Application Boot Process
The application boot process is used to initiate application programs that have been installed in the
system by the user. The main system will search for CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files
according to the priority given to each of the following drive Gs prior to booting MS-DOS.
The system assigns the first drive on which they are found as the current drive, and boots MS-DOS
from it. Consequently, if the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files created by the user are
located on one drive, MS-DOS will be booted from the drive assigned as the current drive. Under
factory defaults it is apparent that the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files created by the
user cannot be found. If this occurs, therefore, the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files
located in drive C: are selected and the System Menu will be initiated.
Priority of the drives:
If the F-ROM drive is installed
[Card drive (F:)] -> [RAM drive (A:)] -> [F-ROM drive (D:)] -> [Basic drive (C:)]
If the F-ROM drive is not installed
[Card drive (E:)] -> [RAM drive (A:)] -> [Basic drive (C:)]
Note:
The RAM disk (A:) is valid for use only if the setup is made in the System Menu.
System Menu Boot Process
The System Menu boot process is used to initiate the System Menu, which is nothing but a
maintenance program for this terminal system. The System Menu boot process will be executed only
if the RESET switch at the rear of the main unit is pressed.
If, in addition, a power OFF factor is encountered during the execution of the System Menu, the next
boot process will be the application boot process.
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Note:
The RESET switch can be used not only for initiating the System Menu but also as the forced
restart switch when the user application program under development hangs. However, note that
if the RESET switch is pressed while the disk is being written to, the data may be corrupted.
Therefore, the RESET switch should be pressed only while the power is off.
Clock data or information on the RAM disk will not be lost if the RESET switch is pressed.
Resume Process
When the power is turned on the resume function resumes system operation under the conditions
that existed the last time the power was tuned off. Application programs are continued as soon as the
power is resumed.
Setup of Resume Process ON/OFF
The default settings have been made so that every OFF factor encountered during the operation of an
application program is the objective of the resume process. However, these default setting can be
modified so that the system reacts differently to OFF factors by means of the system library. For
example, according to the default settings, pressing the Power switch will suspend and resume the
execution of an application program. However, it is also possible to simply reboot the system with
the Power switch without activating the resume function if such a setup is made. However, note that
this setup is not permanent. The resume process is replaced by the boot process once only right after
the system library is called.
.
ON Factors
Various ON factors used to turn on the system are explained below.
Pressing the Power switch
If the Power switch is pressed while the system is off, the system power can be tuned on. When
the power is turned on the system operation sequence proceeds as described in "Relationship
between OFF Factors and ON Processes" on page 24.
Pressing the RESET switch
Press the RESET switch to turn on the system power. In this case the System Menu will always
be initiated.
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This terminal has the Auto Power ON function which automatically starts the system. This Auto
Power ON function can operate in one of the following three ways:
Auto Power ON function (only affects the resume process) activated by alarm
The system power can be turned on (resumed) at the specified time by means of an alarm.
However, this will not function if the next start-up method is set to the boot process in the system
library.
Auto Power ON function activated by the RING signal
This function can be used if a modem is connected to the 14-pin expansion interface. In this case
the system power can be turned on by the detection of the RING signal from the modem.
Remember that Power ON by means of the RING signal is prohibited by default. Execute this
function using the system library to enable the Power ON function to be activated by the RING
signal. System operation after the power is turned on follows the sequence described in "
Relationship between OFF Factors and ON Processes" on this page.
Auto Power ON activated by mounting on the I/O Box
The system power can be automatically turned on as soon as this terminal is mounted on the I/O
Box. However, this function is effective only if power is supplied to the I/O Box. This function is
enabled by default, however, it can be disabled using the system library. System operation after
the power is turned on proceeds according to the sequence described in "Relationship between
OFF Factors and ON Processes".
Relationship between OFF Factors and ON Processes
As described in the above overviews, the ON process (the Boot process or Resume process) will run
differently depending on the last OFF factor (what caused the OFF) and the conditions that existed
when the power was turned OFF. The following table shows the relationship between the OFF
factors and the ON processes that take place the next time the power is turned on.
OFF factor If an application is running If the System Menu is on
Power switch
Auto Power OFF
Software OFF
Low battery voltage
(LB1)
Low battery voltage
(LB0)
RESET switch pressed System menu boot process System menu boot process
Resume process or application
boot process (see note below)
Resume process
Application boot process
Note:
Depends on whether the resume function is enabled or disabled. With this setup the next boot
process can be designated as the Application boot process.
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2.2.3 Power OFF Process
Overview
Turns off the system power. However, the power to all the devices is not turned off and some can be
used for storing the information required for the next resume operation. This process is called the
suspend process and the state of the system while off is called the suspend state.
The suspend process can be divided into two categories: one is the normal suspend process which is
the usual off method and the other is the critical suspend process to execute the emergency escape
process for protecting the system from drops or bumps. Either of these suspend processes will be
selected depending on the OFF factor, as described later.
Normal Suspend Process
If the Power switch is held down for more than one second while system is on, the system power
will be turned off. The process that takes place at this time is the normal suspend process. Before
this suspend process is executed, the application currently running is informed of the suspend
request (OFF factor) by the system. Then the system stores the information required for resumption
and turns off the power.
Hereinafter the suspend process (or OFF process) refers to the normal suspend process.
For information about the method used by each application to detect the occurrence of an OFF factor
(suspend event), refer to Chapter 9.5 “Remaining Battery Voltage Display Utility”.
Critical Suspend
This is a suspend process that takes place in an emergency. Since this critical suspend process should
achieve its escape process with very little power in the system, only essential information can be
retained.
The system will not inform the application currently running of the fact that it is critically
suspended. However, the application will be informed of the fact that it was critically suspended at
resumption.
For information about the method used by each application to receive this information, refer to
Chapter 9.5 “Remaining Battery Voltage Display Utility”.
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OFF Factors
The OFF factors refer to various causes that make the system enter the OFF state (suspend state), as
follows:
OFF factor Description Suspend
Power switch System operation can be suspended by holding down the
Power switch for more than a second. (see note)
Auto Power OFF
(APO)
Power OFF by
Software
Power OFF due to
time-out of low
battery voltage
(LB1) alarm
If main battery
voltage falls to an
inoperable level
(LB0)
Power OFF due to
RESET switch
pressed
System operation automatically shifts to the suspend state
if key or touch panel operation is not performed for a
specified period of time.
The duration until Auto Power OFF occurs can be set and
modified through the System Menu or system library.
The system can be made to enter the suspend state by
calling the system library from the application program.
The system will issue an alarm (buzzer) if the remaining
battery voltage falls below the low main battery voltage
alarm level. If this occurs, recharge the battery or replace
it within ten minutes. If the battery is not charged or
replaced the system automatically shifts to the suspend
state to protect the data.
If the terminal is used while the LB1 alarm, mentioned
above, is sounding, the main battery voltage may reach
the LB0 level. If this occurs the system will execute the
critical suspend process and forcibly turn off the power.
Therefore, if the LB1 alarm sounds, recharge or replace
the battery as soon as possible.
Press the RESET switch to forcibly turn off the system
power. If this is attempted to initiate the System Menu, it
is strongly recommended to complete the application
running at present then turn off the system power with the
power switch before hand.
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Critical
Restart
For more information about LB0 and LB1, refer to Chapter 2.2.4, "Battery Voltage Monitoring
Process".
For information about the system library refer to Chapter 8.6.2. “System Library”.
For information about the System Menu refer to Chapter 3 “System Menu”.
For information about the method used by each application to acquire a power ON/OFF event, refer
to Chapter 9.5 “Remaining Battery Voltage Display Utility”.
Note:
Hold down the Power switch for more than one second until the power is off. This is done to
prevent the power from accidentally being turned off by the user. In addition, key input will not
be enabled for approximately one second after the Power switch has been pressed.
This occurs because the monitoring timer starts operating the moment the Power switch is
pressed and does not allow key input for about one second until this timer expires.
After this interval, key input becomes possible.
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2.2.4 Battery Voltage Monitoring Process
This terminal uses a main battery (lithium-ion battery pack) for driving the main unit, and a primary
sub-battery (lithium battery) and a secondary sub-battery (lithium-vanadium battery) for backup.
Application programs can acquire the status of these batteries through the APM BIOS or system
library. Refer to Chapter 9.5 “Remaining Battery Voltage Display Utility”.
Battery Operation Scheme
The following diagram shows how each battery operates within the system.
Monitors
primary
sub-battery
voltage.
(LB2)
Fig. 2.5
[A] This is the power supply route where the fully charged main battery is installed.
While the power is on, the main battery supplies power to all the devices, including the main circuit,
PC card slot and DRAM, and, at the same time, it charges the secondary sub-battery.
Sub-battery
Primary
sub-battery
Objective devices of backup
[A] Charge
Secondary sub-battery
(Rechargeable)
[C]
(DRAM, etc.)
[B]
Main battery
(During ON)
[A]
Monitors main battery
voltage (LB1LB0)
[A]
(CPU and controllers, etc.)
[A](During ON)
PC Card Slot
Main circuit
SRAM Card
Monitors
SRAM card
voltage. (LB3)
In the suspend state, it stops the supply of power to the main circuit and PC card, but continues to
supply power to the DRAM and charge the secondary sub-battery. In this route neither the primary
nor the secondary sub-batteries are used.
[B] This is a power supply route operating where the main battery is absent or not fully charged.
The DRAM is back-upped by the voltage of the secondary sub-battery. The primary sub-battery is
not used.
[C] This power supply route operates if the main battery and secondary sub-batteries are not fully
charged. The DRAM is backed-up by the voltage of the primary sub-battery. If the voltage of this
primary sub-battery falls below the limit level, an LB2 event occurs.
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Low Voltage Level
The IT-2000 continuously monitors the voltage of the main battery, the primary sub-battery, and the
SRAM card battery. This allows an application program to determine through the system library if
the voltage of each battery reaches a warning level.
The following table summarizes the low battery voltage warning levels, which application programs
can acquire through the system library.
Name Abbreviat-
Low main battery
voltage warning
level
Low sub-battery
voltage warning
level
Low SRAM card
battery voltage
warning level
Objective
ion
LB1 Main battery Indicates that the main battery voltage has
LB2 Sub-battery Indicates that the sub-battery voltage has
LB3 SRAM card
battery
battery
reached a limit level that requires a warning to
be issued. The system sounds the buzzer to
issue an alarm. If this occurs, the user must
replace the main battery within ten minutes. If
the battery is not changed within ten minutes,
the system automatically executes the suspend
process.
reached a limit level that requires a warning to
be issued. Since the system does not issue an
alarm, the application program must execute a
warning by acquiring the status from the
system library.
The sub-battery must be replaced according to
the procedure described later.
Indicates that the SRAM card battery voltage
has reached a limit level that requires a
warning to be issued. Since the system does
not issue an alarm, the application program
side must execute a warning by acquiring the
status from the system library.
The SRAM card battery must be replaced
according to the procedure described later.
Description
There is also a main battery inoperable level (LB0). This is the status of the main battery when its
voltage falls below LB1. If this happens, the system executes an emergency power off (critical
suspend). Therefore, this level is also referred to as the emergency escape process level.
This status cannot be acquired from the application side, since the system turns off the power as
soon as the voltage reaches LB0.
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Main Battery Voltage Monitoring
If the main battery voltage reaches LB1, the system issues a warning buzzer. If this warning buzzer
sounds, either start recharging the battery or replace it with a fully charged battery as soon as
possible. If one of these measures is not taken within ten minutes, the system will forcibly turn off
the power for safety. The following diagram shows the main battery voltage against the time axis.
Main
Battery
voltage
Generate warning buzzer
Voltage level to operate.
LB1
LB0
Fig. 2.6
(a) If the main battery voltage reaches LB1, the low battery voltage warning alarm sounds.
(b) Unless the main battery is either replaced or recharged within ten minutes, the system power is
automatically turned off to protect the data.
(c) If the main battery voltage falls further and reaches LB0, the system automatically shuts off the
power to the main unit (critical suspend).
(d) If the main battery voltage drops below LB0, the main unit power cannot be turned on even if
the power switch is pressed.
(e) If the main unit is mounted on the I/O Box or connected to the AC adaptor, charging of the
(a)
(a)
10 minutes
Turn the power OFF.
(b)
(c)
Start recharge.
(e)
(d)
Time
battery is initiated and the main battery voltage will gradually increase.
(f) Once the main battery voltage has been recharged to an operable level, it is possible to turn on
the power to the main unit.
For information about the method used to replace the main battery refer to Chapter 2.2.6 “
How to Replace or Recharge Batteries”.
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Sub-battery Voltage Monitoring
The sub-batteries are used for system backup while the main battery is being replaced. The subbatteries consists of two units: the primary sub-battery (button-type lithium battery) and secondary
sub-battery (button-type lithium-vanadium battery). The secondary sub-battery is recharged by the
voltage of the main battery.
While the fully charged main battery is installed , the entire system is backed-up by the main battery,
and the secondary sub-battery is charged by the voltage of the main battery. If the main battery is
removed, the job of system backup shifts to the secondary sub-battery. If the secondary sub-battery
voltage drops below the required level while the main battery is removed, the backup job shifts to
the primary sub-battery (refer to “Battery Operation Scheme” on page 27.).
Application programs are permitted, through the system library, to monitor this primary sub-battery
voltage and determine if it is lower than the warning level (LB2). However the system side will not
issue a warning about the low voltage level (LB2) of the primary sub-battery. Therefore, the
application program must monitor the primary sub-battery voltage via the system library and inform
the user that it must be replaced.
For information about the method used to replace the sub-battery refer to Chapter 2.2.6 “How to
Replace or Recharge Batteries”.
SRAM Card Battery Voltage Monitoring
This function monitors the SRAM card battery voltage. Application programs are permitted, through
the system library, to monitor this voltage and determine if it is lower than the warning level (LB3).
However, the system side will not issue a warning about the low voltage level (LB3) of the SRAM
card battery. Therefore, the application program must monitor the SRAM card battery voltage via
the system library and inform the user that it must be replaced.
For information about the method used to replace the SRAM card battery refer to Chapter 2.2.6 “
How to Replace or Recharge Batteries”.
Acquiring Power Status through APM BIOS
This terminal has APM 1.1 installed. This makes it possible for application programs to obtain
information, such as the percentage of battery voltage remaining or the connector status, via the
APM BIOS. For more information refer to Chapter 9.5 “Remaining Battery Voltage Display
Utility”.
Acquiring Power Status through Battery Status Acquisition Utility
With the battery status acquisition utility the user can be advised of the current remaining voltage of
the main battery, sub-battery status, or connector status in real time. For more information refer to
Chapter 9.5 “Remaining Battery Voltage Display Utility”.
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