Casio IT-2000D User Manual

IT-2000D

(DOS version)

Technical Reference

Manual

(Version 1.00 )

April 1998

Casio Computer Co., Ltd.

Table of Contents

Chapter1

Chapter2

Chapter3

Preface Overview

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.1.5

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.3

Feature of System Development Concept Hardware Software Basic Specifications Model Name 8 System Configuration Hardware Block Diagram Supported Software Precautions Basic Software

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.2

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

2.2.5

2.2.6

2.3

2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

2.3.6

2.3.7

2.3.8

2.3.9

2.3.10

2.3.11

2.3.12

Overview Software Configuration Memory Map Drive Configuration Basic System Operation Overview Power ON Process Power OFF Process Battery Voltage Monitoring Process Low Consumption Current Process How to Replace or Recharge Batteries Supported Devices 39 Display Unit 39 EL Backlight Touch Panel Disk Serial Communication PC Card Clock Timer 49 Buzzer 50 Barcode Reader Infrared Communication (Ir) Keys Sensors System Menu

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.10 YMODEM Utility 64

Overview Basic Operation List of Functions Key Click Sound Setup Buzzer Volume Setup Contrast Adjustment 59 Auto Backlight Setup Auto Power OFF Setup Touch Panel Calibration

5 6 6 6 6 6 7

9 10 12 15 15 15 16 17 19 19 21 25 28 33 37

41 42 43 45 47

51 52 53 54 55 55 56 56 57 58

60 61 62

3.11 FLINK Command 68

3.12 System Date/Time Setup 71

3.13 Command Prompt 72

3.14 RAM Disk Size Change 73

3.15 Disk Format 75

3.16 System Initialization 77

3.17 Password Entry 78

Chapter4 MS-DOS 79

4.1 Overview 79

4.2 How to Write CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT 81

4.3 Card Boot 84

Chapter5 Keyboard Controller 87

5.1 Overview 87

5.2 Keyboard Control 88

5.3 Touch Panel Control 90

5.4 Sensor Control 91

5.5 Backlight Control 92

Chapter6 Drivers 95

6.1 Overview 95

6.2 System Driver 96

6.2.1 Function 96

6.2.2 Startup Method 96

6.3 Clock Control Driver 97

6.3.1 Function 97

6.3.2 Startup Method 98

6.4 Keypad Driver/Hardware Window Manager 99

6.4.1 Function 99

6.4.2 Startup Method 100

6.5 PenMouse Driver 101

6.5.1 Overview 101 Startup Method 102

Functions 102

Application Development 110 Overview 110 Notes on Developing Application 111 Development Environment 112 Development Environment 112 Application Development Library 112 Simulation Driver 113 Program Development Procedure 114 Creation of Execution File 115 Debugging Through Simulation 117 Operation Check on IT-2000 (Using COM2KEY/XY) 119 Installation of Application Program 120 Simulation Driver 122 System Driver Simulator (SYSDRVP.COM) 123

Hardware Window Manager Simulator (HWWMANP.COM)

Keypad Driver Simulator (KEYPADP.COM) 126 Library 130 Overview 130 System Library 131 Keypad Library 153 OBR Library 170 DT-9650BCR 172 DT-9656BCR 181

125

Chapter

6.5.2

6.5.3

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.3.1

7.3.2

7.3.3

7.4

7.4.1

7.4.2

7.4.3

7.4.4

7.5

7.5.1

7.5.2

7.5.3

7.6

7.6.1

7.6.2

7.6.3

7.6.4

Chapter8 Utility 190

8.1 Overview 190

8.2 Calculator Utility 191

8.3 Clock Utility 193

8.4 Calendar Utility 195

8.5 FLINK Utility 196

8.5.1 Communication Parameter Setup Command 197

8.5.2 File Transmission (/S) 199

8.5.3 File Reception (/R) 201

8.5.4 File Append (/A) 203

8.5.5 File Deletion (/D) 204

8.5.6 File Move/Rename (/N) 205

8.5.7 Idle Start 206

8.6 XY Utility 209

8.7 Remaining Battery Voltage Display Utility 214

8.8 Reverse Video Utility 216

8.9 COM2Key Utility 217 APPENDIXA TFORMAT.EXE 218 APPENDIXB PC Card Driver 219 APPENDIXC Acquisition of Suspend/Resume Event and

Power Status

222

Preface

The IT-2000 Technical Reference Manual (hereinafter referred to as this document) is provided to assist the user in developing programs to run on the Casio IT-2000 (hereinafter referred to as this terminal or IT-2000 or HT in this manual). Microsoft C/C++ Ver.7.0 or later, and the manuals supplied with it, is required to develop programs for this terminal. Read Chapter 1 of this manual in its entirety to understand the features of this terminal.

Important notices to user

The information contained in this document may be modified without a prior notice. Casio Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any outcome that result from the use of this document and the terminal.

The contents of this document are protected by the Copyright Law of Japan. This document may not be reproduced or transferred in part or in whole, in any form without permission from Casio Computer Co., Ltd.

About MS-DOS 6.22

The MS-DOS copyright is the proprietary of Microsoft and is protected by the United States Copyright Law and International Treaty provisions. The MS-DOS software shall not be modified, reverse-engineered, decompiled, or disassembled. Any form of reproduction is also absolutely prohibited.

About trademarks



AT and IBM PC/AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines

Corporation in the United States.



MS, MS-DOS, Microsoft C/C++, Visual C ++, Visual Basic, and MS-Windows are registered

trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States.

1. Overview

1.1 Features of System

1.1.1 Development Concept

The IT-2000 is a data collection terminal for business use. After years of refinement Casio Computer Co., Ltd. has developed its hand-held type terminals so that they yield high speed and a high functionality in comparison to general personal computers. This allows improved efficiency in software development. It has adopted the IBM PC/AT architecture and incorporated an IBM PC/AT compatible BIOS. It uses MS-DOS Ver. 6.22 for its OS. This has drastically improved the software development environment and compatibility to IBM PC/AT family applications. The adoption of a power-saving type 32-bit CPU, the Intel 80486GX, allows the terminal to operate continuously for eight hours (when the backlight is off).

1.1.2 Hardware



Global IBM PC/AT architecture standard is adopted.



Compact design: 85 (W) x 196 (L) x 30 (H) mm, 430 g (approx.)



Uses a 32-bit CPU (Intel 80486 GX) for 25 MHz high-speed operation.



High-resolution (192 x 384 pixels), large-size liquid crystal touch panel.



Supports various interfaces, including RS-232C (8-pin, 14-pin), IR, and PC card.



High environmental adaptability: Operation temperature at between -5 and 50, water splash

proof capability conforms to the IPXII standard, etc.



Uses a small-size, large capacity lithium-ion battery pack as the main battery.



Incorporates a large capacity flash ROM drive as the user drive.

1.1.3 Software



MS-DOS Ver. 6.22 as the operating system.



IBM PC/AT-compatible BIOS makes it easy to develop user application programs.



Uses APM 1.1, for advanced low-power consumption capability.



PC card slot conforms to PCMCIA Release 2.1 supporting various PC cards.



Implements IrDA 1.1 protocol for high-speed infrared communication.



System menu makes it easy to maintain the IT-2000 and install user application programs.



Provides various development support tools including C-language libraries and communication

utilities for developing business application programs.

1.1.4 Basic Specifications

IT-2000

Architecture

IBM PC/AT architecture

External dimensions and weight

Dimensions : 85 (W) x 196 (L) x 30 (H) mm Weight : 430 g (approx.)

CPU

Intel 80486GX(32-bit)

Memory

DRAM : 4 MB F-ROM : 0/4/8/12/16/24 MB (depending on the model) MASK ROM : 8 MB, Windows file (IT-2000W only) BIOS ROM : 1 MB (BIOS section: 256 KB, Drive C image: 768 KB)

Display and input

LCD panel : 192 x 384 dots (FSTN semi-transparent LCD),

with EL backlight

Touch panel : Analog, 192 x 384 dots

Interface

8-pin : RS-232C 14-pin : RS-232C IrDA : Standards 1.0/1.1 PC Card : PCMCIA Release 2.1

Power supply

Main battery : Lithium-ion battery pack (x 1) Sub-battery : Lithium-vanadium battery (x 1), lithium battery (x 1) Operating hours : 8 hours (if backlight off) Backup period : 2 weeks

Environment conditions

Temperature

Reliability

Water-splash proof : Conforms to IPXII standard

Software

BIOS : IBM PC/AT compatible OS : MS-DOS Version 6.22 F-ROM : NAND flash file system Basic functions : Suspend/Resume, Auto Power OFF, Auto Backlight

: Operation -5 to 50 : Storage -10 to 55

OFF, Auto Backlight ON/OFF with light intensity detection, Auto Power ON with timer/ring signal/detection of mounted I/O Box



1.1.5 Model Name

The following IT-2000s of MS-DOS version will be available. For price of each model, please consult with your local Casio representative.

Model RAM Flash ROM Remark IT-2000D10 4 Mbytes IT-2000D20 4 Mbytes 4 Mbytes IT-2000D30 4 Mbytes 8 Mbytes IT-2000D60 4 Mbytes 24 Mbytes

1.2 System Configuration



1.2.1 Hardware Block Diagram

CPU

i486GX







A/D

converter

UART/

SIR

RTC

BUS

Controller

COM 2

COM 1

VGA

controlle

Power switch

FLASH ROM

DRAM

Buffer

Keyboard controller

ASIC

RTC

16550

PC card controller

NAND

interface

BL controller

(DINOR)

IrDA

1.1

IrDA

1.0

For IT-2000W

MASK ROM

only

Battery voltage monitoring sensor

Temperature sensor Illumination sensor

8-pin

Key

Analog touch

panel

IrDA

Driver/Receiver

RS-232C

driver

14-pin

PC card slot

IT-2000D20

NAND FLASH

IT-2000D30 IT-2000D60

EL Backlight

LCDLCTC

PMU

Lithium-ion

battery

Primary sub-battery Secondary sub-battery

1.2.2 Supported Software

The software used with this terminal can be divided into two categories: the system software that includes the BIOS, OS, and device drivers and the user software such as the development tools. The system software is stored on the DINOR FLASH ROM (1 MB), and the user software is supported from the SDK CD-ROM (version 4.0) supplied by Casio at free of charge. The following paragraphs describe the software.

BIOS

The BIOS program is stored in the DINOR FLASH ROM. 256 KB of DINOR FLASH ROM is allocated specifically as the BIOS storage area. The BIOS of this terminal consists of the standard PC/AT BIOS section, PEN BIOS for supporting the touch panel, extension BIOS for supporting devices inherent to this terminal, and APM BIOS for attain the low-power consumption capability.

MS-DOS Main Part

The main part of the MS-DOS Ver. 6.22 is stored in drive (C:). In drive (C:) 768 KB of memory area in the DINOR FLASH ROM (1 MB) is allocated. Because of the capacity limitation, only the essential MS-DOS files are stored in drive (C:). Therefore, if using an MS-DOS file that is not included in the main part, copy it from the Backup CD-ROM (title on CD-ROM: MS-DOS version 6.22 Software) to the F-ROM drive (D:) or RAM disk (A:). For information about each MS-DOS file refer to an MS-DOS manual, commonly available at book stores.

Device Drivers and System Files

These files must be loaded via CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT at boot-up. These files are all stored in drive (C:).

File name Storage location Description SYSDRV.SYS Basic drive (C:) System driver TIME.SYS Basic drive (C:) Clock control driver CS.EXE, etc. Basic drive (C:) PC card driver CASIOAPM.COM Basic drive (C: ) Touch-panel enabler ENDATA.COM Basic drive (C:) ATA card-related data CKRAMDSK.EXE CKRAMDSK.DAT CALIB.EXE Basic drive (C:) Calibration SYSMENU.EXE Basic drive (C:) System Menu HWWMAN.EXE Basic drive (C:) Hardware window manager KEYPAD.EXE KEYPAD.DAT

Basic drive (C:) Basic drive (C:)

Basic drive (C:) Keypad

RAM disk checker

TFORMAT.EXE Basic drive (C:) F-ROM drive formatter

Utilities

For information about the utilities refer to Chapter 8 "Utility".

File name Storage location Description CAL.EXE SDK Calendar utility CALC.EXE SDK Calculator utility CLOCK.EXE SDK Clock utility CHKBATT.EXE SDK Power status indication utility XY.EXE Basic drive (C:) XY utility FLINK.EXE Basic drive (C:) FLINK utility LCDREV.EXE SDK Reverse video utility

Development Tool Libraries

File name Storage location Description SLIBSYSD.LIB MLIBSYSD.LIB LLIBSYSD.LIB SYSLIB.H SLIBPAD.LIB MLIBPAD.LIB LLIBPAD.LIB PADLIB.H KEYPADP.EXE HWWMANP.EXE SLIBOBRD.LIB MLIBOBRD.LIB LLIBOBRD.LIB OBRLIB.H COM2KEY.EXE Basic drive (C:) COM < -- > Key for DEBUG PENMOUSE.COM SDK Pen mouse driver PMON.COM PMOFF.COM

SDK System library

SDK Keypad library

SDK Keypad for PC simulation

SDK OBR library

Drive (C:) Switching DOZE mode on/off

1.3 Precautions



If reading the internal clock with INT21h the significant data should include and be limited to the seconds digits. On this terminal the time is read directly from the RTC so that the correct time can be attained at any moment, even during extended continuous use. As a result the 1/100 of a second digit is ignored. (refer to Chapter 6.3 “Clock Control Driver”)



If it is necessary to reboot the system from an application, use the dedicated system library.

However, the reboot operation that uses INT19h of the BIOS I/F does not work.



Many commercial PC programs use a VGA screen (80 (H) x 25 (V)). If these programs are run

on this terminal (24 (H) x 24 (V)) part of the message may not be displayed on the screen.



Writing to a PC card should always be performed by terminating the write action through the flash-out process. Otherwise, if system operation is suspended while writing to an SRAM card or ATA card, the data on the card may be damaged.

To activate this flash-out process use the “_dos_commit()” function of Visual C/C++ or

Commit Function(68h) of DOS.



Layout your screen display in such a manner that dark characters lie on a white background.

With LCDs a white background provides the most legible displays. If intermediate colors (half

tones) are desired, use the following two colors (tones).

Note:

Due to technical reasons the display of the B/W LCD may change to reverse video if an

application program developed by the user on a PC is executed without modification on this

terminal. To restore the normal display use the Reverse Video Utility (refer to Chapter 8.8

“Reverse Video Utility”).



Key input operation is disabled for about one second after the Power has been turned on.

This is not a malfunction. This occurs because the monitoring timer starts operating the

moment the Power switch is turned on and does not allow key input for about one second

until this timer expires. Thus, key input is not possible.



If an LB1 event (low main battery voltage) occurs, the alarm buzzer starts sounding and system

operation is suspended in about 10 minutes. If the alarm buzzer starts sounding, terminate the

current operation as soon as possible and recharge the main battery.



This system will not execute an alarm indication for an LB2 event (low sub-battery voltage) or

LB3 event (low SRAM card battery voltage). Therefore, the application program side must

acquire the alarm status via the system library and display an appropriate alarm message.



If the volume of the buzzer is set to zero by the System Menu or system library, the LB1 (low

main battery voltage) alarm will not be heard. Also, other sounds issued by the system will be

inaudible.



If the system is booted from a PC card and if a large-size program that resides on the card is

called from AUTOEXEC.BAT file, an error may result. To avoid this problem refer to Chapter

4.2 “How to Write CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT".



The time limits that can be set for the Auto Power OFF (APO) function are 0 minute, 1 minute

and 30 seconds, 2 minutes and 30 seconds, up to a maximum of 15 minutes and 30 seconds.

This timer has an error of +/-23 seconds.



Do not open the battery compartment lid while the power is on. If it is opened accidentally, an

emergency alarm sounds. In case such the event occurs, close the lid at once.

When you change the main battery, be sure to switch off the power before opening the lid.



An SRAM card formatted with the DT-9000 (a Casio handy terminal) cannot be used or

formatted with the IT-2000.



If the battery pack is installed for the first time after purchase, or if it is installed after the main

unit has not been used for a long period of time, install the battery and wait approximately eight

seconds before turning the power on. This must be done because it takes approximately eight

seconds until sufficient power can be raised for the emergency process. And, during this

interval the power cannot be turned on even if the Power switch is turned on.



If the power is turned on for the first time after purchase and there is no installed application,

the System Menu will always appear. Before using applications call this System menu to install

them. (refer to Chapter 7.4.3 “Operation Check on IT-2000 (Using COM2KEY/XT)”)



The backlight is turned off by means of the ABO (Auto Backlight OFF) function. However, it

is turned off 1.3 seconds after the setup time. This is because the system has 1.3 seconds of

monitoring time before the internal timer is started.



Do not input “^P” from the DOS prompt. If it is input, “^P” requests DOS to redirect console

output to printer. However, the IT-2000 does not have the printer being installed, it will enter

into wait mode.

For more information about the system library refer to Chapter 7.6.2 “System Library”. Also, refer to Chapter 2.2.4 “Battery Voltage Monitoring Process” for information about the low-battery voltage notification function.

2. Basic Software

2.1 Overview

2.1.1 Software Configuration

The following diagram shows the software configuration of the IT-2000.

Driver

Keypad LibrarySystem Library

Int33h

Keypad

Driver

Pen BIOSExtended BIOSAPM BIOS

Application

Layer

MS-DOS

Layer

Hardware & BIOS

Layer

OBR Library

System Driver

PenMouse

AT Architecture + Original Hardware

Fig. 2.1

Note: The PenMouse driver and Keypad driver cannot co-exist on the system.

Application

MS-

DOS

ROM BIOS

2.1.2 Memory Map

The memory map of the IT-2000 is as follows.

Extended Memory

ROM BIOS

NAND DISK BIOS/VGA BIOS

Memory Mapped Disk I/F

PC Card I/F

EMS Windows 16 KB x 4

Reserved

Video Buffer

128 KB

System RAM

640 KB

Fig. 2.2

100000h 0F0000h 0E0000h 0DC000h 0D8000h 0C8000h 0C0000h

0A0000h

000000h

2.1.3 Drive Configuration

The drive configuration differs for each model as described in the following:



If F-ROM drive is supported

Drive A: [Read and Write]

[Read Only]

[Read and Write]

[Read Only]

[Read and Write]

RAM disk This drive is prepared for use after the RAM disk size is specified from the System Menu. The contents of this RAM disk will not be erased through a boot process or by pressing the RESET switch. Basic drive (DINOR FLASH ROM)Drive C: This drive starts up MS-DOS. The main body of MS-DOS and maintenance programs such as the System Menu, etc., are stored in this drive. F-ROM driveDrive D: Application programs are stored on this drive. The drive size (storage capacity) differs depending on the model. Drive for Windows files (IT-2000W only)Drive E: A ROM that stores Windows files is assigned to the drive E: on Windows models. This is a reserved drive on DOS models. In this case note that if this drive is accessed , an INT24h error will occur. Drive for booting a cardDrive F: This read-only drive functions only while a card is being booted. For information about the mechanism of booting a card refer to Chapter 4.3 “Card Boot”. PC card driveDrive G: This drive is required if the application program accesses the PC card. This drive is prepared for use by loading the PC card driver via CONFIG.SYS.

Note:

The drive letter of each drive is reserved. Therefore, these drive letters are not changed even if the RAM disk is not used. The drive configuration described in "If F-ROM drive is not supported" on page 18 will be used only if the drive D: is unformatted or is not recognized by the system for some reason. However, this will rarely occur because the drive D: has been formatted at the factory.



If F-ROM drive is not supported

Drive A: [Read and Write]

RAM disk This drive is readied for use after the RAM disk size is specified from the System Menu. The contents of this RAM disk will not be erased through a boot process or by pressing the RESET switch. Basic drive (DINOR FLASH ROM)Drive C:

[Read Only]

This drive is used to start MS-DOS. In this drive not only the main body of MS-DOS but also the maintenance programs such as the System Menu, etc., are stored. This is a read-only drive. Reserved driveDrive D:

[---]

This is a reserved drive. If this drive is accessed, an INT21h error will result. Drive for booting a cardDrive E:

[Read Only]

This is a read-only drive that functions only while a card is booted. For information about the mechanism of booting a card refer to Chapter 4.3 "Card Boot”. PC card driveDrive F:

[Read and Write]

This drive is required if the application program accesses the PC card. This drive is prepared for use by loading the PC card driver via CONFIG.SYS.

2.2 Basic System Operation

2.2.1 Overview

Basic operation of this system on the terminal consists of the suspend/resume process and boot process operated by means of the Power switch and RESET switch, as shown in the following diagram.

OFF STATE

OFF Process

OFF EVENT

System Menu

Fig. 2.3

During normal operation the system status will move between the ON state and the OFF state, shown in the above diagram, by pressing the power key.

ON KEY

Application BOOT

RESET SWITCH

System Menu BOOT

RESET SWITCH

System Menu BOOT

ON KEY

System Menu BOOT

ON EVENT

ON Process

INITIAL STATE

ON STATE

OFF Process

OFF EVENT

SUSPEND

STATE

The SUSPEND state is a state from which the previous state can be returned to at any time. The process of returning from the SUSPEND state to the ON state is called the resume process.

The RESET switch is used to either re-start the system or to initiate the System Menu, which is the maintenance program. Press this RESET switch to start hardware initialization followed by initiation of the System Menu. This process is called the System Menu boot process.

If an OFF event occurs while the System Menu is operating, the system shifts to the OFF state. If the ON key is pressed in the OFF state, the boot process is executed again and an appropriate application program will be loaded. This process is called the application boot process.

The following table summarizes the power-on processes provided for this terminal.

System Menu boot process Application boot process Searches for CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT prepared

Resume process Restores the memory conditions that existed before the power

Always executes CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT located in drive (C:) for starting up the MS-DOS.

by the user and starts up MS-DOS from the drive where they are located.

was turned off and continues operating according to the conditions.

2.2.2 Power ON Process

Overview

The ON process is provided to make the system ready for use (ON state). The actual process varies depending on the settings at that point in time and the last OFF factor (the cause of the OFF action).

ON factors:



Pressing the Power switch



Pressing the RESET switch



Power ON alarm



Reception of RING signal



Mounting on the I/O Box

OFF factors:



Pressing the Power switch



Pressing the RESET switch



Auto Power OFF (APO)



Power OFF by software



Auto Power OFF due to lower battery voltage



Emergency Power OFF due to lower battery voltage

Note:

For more information power OFF factors refer to Chapter 2.2.3 "Power OFF Process".

This ON process is divided into two processes: the "Resume process" for continuing the previous process and the "Boot process" for re-loading MS-DOS. The Boot process can be further broken into the "Application boot" and the "System Menu boot" processes.

Fig. 2.4

Boot Process

ON Process

Resume Process

Application Boot Process

System Menu Boot Process



Application Boot Process

Searches CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files according to the priority given to each drive and, if these files are found, sets the drive where these files are located as the current drive. (refer to ”Application Boot Process” on the next page).



System Menu Boot Process

Pressing the RESET switch sets the drive C: as the current drive, and MS-DOS is loaded from that drive. As a result, the System Menu that includes the maintenance program will be initiated (refer to “System Menu Boot Process” on this page).



Resume Process

This process restores the conditions that existed before the power was most recently turned off. Any application program that was running at that point in time can be continued. The contents of the above listed processes will be described in the following sections.

Application Boot Process

The application boot process is used to initiate application programs that have been installed in the system by the user. The main system will search for CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files according to the priority given below. The system assigns the first drive on which the files are found as the current drive, and boots MSDOS from the drive C. Consequently, if the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files created by the user are located on one drive, MS-DOS will be booted from the drive assigned as the current drive. Under factory defaults it is apparent that the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files created by the user cannot be found. If this occurs, therefore, the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files located in the drive C: are selected and the System Menu will be initiated.

Priority of the drives:

If the F-ROM drive is provided [Card drive (F:)] -> [RAM drive (A:)] -> [F-ROM drive (D:)] -> [Basic drive (C:)] If the F-ROM drive is not provided [Card drive (E:)] -> [RAM drive (A:)] -> [Basic drive (C:)]

Note:

The RAM disk (A:) is valid for use only if setup is made through the System Menu.

System Menu Boot Process

The System Menu boot process is used to initiate the System Menu, which is nothing but a maintenance program for this terminal system. The System Menu boot process will be executed only if the RESET switch at the rear of the main unit is pressed. If, in addition, a power OFF factor is encountered during the execution of the System Menu, the next boot process will be the Application boot process.

Note:



The RESET switch can be used not only for initiating the System Menu but also as the forced

restart witch when the user application program under development hangs. However, note that if the RESET switch is pressed while the disk is being written to, the data may be corrupted. Therefore, the RESET switch should be pressed only while the power is off.



Clock data or information on the RAM disk will not be lost if the RESET switch is pressed.

Resume Process

When the power is turned on the resume function resumes system operation under the conditions that existed the last time the power was tuned off. Application programs are continued as soon as the power is resumed.

Setup of Resume Process ON/OFF

The default settings have been made so that every OFF factor encountered during the operation of an application program is the objective of the resume process. However, these default settings can be modified so that the system reacts differently to OFF factors by means of the system library. For example, according to the default settings, pressing the Power switch will suspend and resume the execution of an application program. However, it is also possible to simply reboot the system with the Power switch without activating the resume function if such a setup is made. However, note that this setup is not permanent. The resume process is replaced by the boot process once only right after the system library is called.

ON Factors

Various ON factors used to turn on the system are explained below.



Pressing the Power switch

If the Power switch is pressed while the system is off, the system power can be tuned on. When the power is turned on the system operation sequence proceeds as described in "Relationship between OFF Factors and ON Processes" on page 24.



Pressing the RESET switch

Press the RESET switch to turn on the system power. In this case the System Menu will always be initiated.

This terminal has the Auto Power ON function which automatically starts the system. This Auto Power ON function can operate in one of the following three ways:



Auto Power ON function (only affects the resume process) activated by alarm

The system power can be turned on (resumed) at the specified time by means of an alarm. However, this will not function if the next start-up method is set to the boot process in the system library.

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Auto Power ON function activated by the RING signal

This function can be used if a modem is connected to the 14-pin expansion interface. In this case the system power can be turned on by the detection of the RING signal from the modem. Remember that Power ON by means of the RING signal is prohibited by default. Execute this function using the system library to enable the Power ON function to be activated by the RING signal. System operation after the power is turned on follows the sequence described in " Relationship between OFF Factors and ON Processes" on this page.

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Auto Power ON activated by mounting on the I/O Box

The system power can be automatically turned on as soon as this terminal is mounted on the I/O Box. However, this function is effective only if power is supplied to the I/O Box. This function is enabled by default, however, it can be disabled using the system library. System operation after the power is turned on proceeds according to the sequence described in "Relationship between OFF Factors and ON Processes".

Relationship between OFF Factors and ON Processes

As described in the above overviews, the ON process (the Boot process or Resume process) will run differently depending on the last OFF factor (what caused the OFF) and the conditions that existed when the power was turned OFF. The following table shows the relationship between the OFF factors and the ON processes that take place the next time the power is turned on.

OFF factor If an application is running If the System Menu is on Power switch Auto Power OFF Software OFF Low battery voltage (LB1) Low battery voltage (LB0) RESET switch pressed System menu boot process System menu boot process

Note:

Depends on whether the resume function is enabled or disabled. With this setup the next boot process can be designated as the Application boot process.

Resume process or Application boot process (see note below.)

Resume process

Application boot process

2.2.3 Power OFF Process

Overview

Turns off the system power. However, the power to all the devices is not turned off and some can be used for storing the information required for the next resume operation. This process is called the suspend process and the state of the system while off is called the suspend state. The suspend process can be divided into two categories: one is the normal suspend process which is the usual off method and the other is the critical suspend process to execute the emergency escape process for protecting the system from drops or bumps. Either of these suspend processes will be selected depending on the OFF factor, as described later.

Normal Suspend Process

If the Power switch is held down for more than one second while system is on, the system power will be turned off. The process that takes place at this time is the normal suspend process. Before this suspend process is executed, the application currently running is informed of the suspend request (OFF factor) by the system. Then the system stores the information required for resumption and turns off the power. Hereinafter the suspend process (or OFF process) refers to the normal suspend process. For information about the method used by each application to detect the occurrence of an OFF factor (suspend event), refer to Appendix C Acquisition of Suspend/Resume Event and Power Status.

Critical Suspend

This is a suspend process that takes place in an emergency. Since this critical suspend process should achieve its escape process with very little power in the system, only essential information can be retained. The system will not inform the application currently running of the fact that it is critically suspended. However, the application will be informed of the fact that it was critically suspended at resumption. For information about the method used by each application to receive this information, refer to Appendix C Acquisition of Suspend/Resume Event and Power Status.

OFF Factors

The OFF factors refer to various causes that make the system enter the OFF state (suspend state), as follows:

OFF factor Description Suspend

Power switch System operation can be suspended by holding down

the Power switch for more than a second. (see note) Auto Power OFF (APO)

Software Power OFF The system can be made to enter the suspend state by

Power OFF due to time-out of low battery voltage (LB1) alarm

If main battery voltage falls to an inoperable level (LB0)

Power OFF due to RESET switch pressed

System operation automatically shifts to the suspend

state if key or touch panel operation is not performed

for a specified period of time.

The duration until Auto Power OFF occurs can be set

and modified through the System Menu or system

library.

calling the system library from the application

program.

The system will issue an alarm (buzzer) if the

remaining battery voltage falls below the low main

battery voltage alarm level. If this occurs, recharge the

battery or replace it within ten minutes. If the battery is

not replaced or recharged the system automatically

shifts to the suspend state to protect the data.

If the terminal is used while the LB1 alarm, mentioned

above, is sounding, the main battery voltage may reach

the LB0 level. If this occurs the system will execute

the critical suspend process and forcibly turn off the

power. Therefore, if the LB1 alarm sounds, recharge

or replace the battery as soon as possible.

Press the RESET switch to forcibly turn off the system

power. If this is attempted to initiate the System Menu,

it is strongly recommended to complete the application

running at present then turn off the system power with

the Power switch before hand.

Normal

Critical

Restart

For more information about LB0 and LB1, refer to Chapter 2.2.4, "Battery Voltage Monitoring Process". For information about the system library refer to Chapter 7.6.2. “System Library”. For information about the System Menu refer to Chapter 3 “System Menu”. For information about the method used by each application to acquire a power ON/OFF event, refer to Appendix C Acquisition of Suspend/Resume Event and Power Status.

Note:

Hold down the Power switch for more than one second until the power is off. This is done to prevent the power from accidentally being turned off by the user. In addition, key input will not be enabled for approximately one second after the Power switch has been pressed. This occurs because the monitoring timer starts operating the moment the Power switch is pressed and does not allow key input for about one second until this timer expires. After this interval, key input becomes possible.

2.2.4 Battery Voltage Monitoring Process

This terminal uses a main battery (lithium-ion battery pack) for driving the main unit, and a primary sub-battery (lithium battery) and a secondary sub-battery (lithium-vanadium battery) for backup. Application programs can acquire the status of these batteries through the APM BIOS or system library. Refer to Appendix C Acquisition of Suspend/Resume Event and Power Status.

Battery Operation Scheme

The following diagram shows how each battery operates within the system.

Monitors

primary

sub-battery

voltage.

(LB2)

Fig. 2.5

[A] This is the power supply route where the fully charged main battery is installed. While the power is on, the main battery supplies power to all the devices, including the main circuit, PC card slot and DRAM, and, at the same time, it charges the secondary sub-battery.

Sub-battery

Primary

sub-battery

Objective devices of backup

[A] Charge

Secondary sub-battery (Rechargeable)

[C]

(DRAM, etc.)

[B]

Main battery

(During ON)

[A]

Monitors main battery voltage (LB1LB0)

[A]

(CPU and controllers, etc.)

[A](During ON)

PC Card Slot

Main circuit

SRAM Card

Monitors SRAM card voltage. (LB3)

In the suspend state, it stops the supply of power to the main circuit and PC card, but continues to supply power to the DRAM and charge the secondary sub-battery. In this route neither the primary nor the secondary sub-batteries are used.

[B] This is a power supply route operating where the main battery is absent or not fully charged. The DRAM is back-upped by the voltage of the secondary sub-battery. The primary sub-battery is not used.

[C] This power supply route operates if the main battery and secondary sub-batteries are not fully charged. The DRAM is backed-up by the voltage of the primary sub-battery. If the voltage of this primary sub-battery falls below the limit level, an LB2 event occurs.

Low Voltage Level

The IT-2000 continuously monitors the voltage of the main battery, the primary sub-battery, and the SRAM card battery. This allows an application program to determine through the system library if the voltage of each battery reaches a warning level.

The following table summarizes the low battery voltage warning levels, which application programs can acquire through the system library.

Name Abbreviat-

Low main battery voltage warning level

Low sub-battery voltage warning level

Low SRAM card battery voltage warning level

Objective

ion

LB1 Main battery Indicates that the main battery voltage

LB2 Sub-battery Indicates that the sub-battery voltage has

LB3 SRAM card

battery

has reached a limit level that requires a warning to be issued. The system sounds the buzzer to issue an alarm. If this occurs, the user must replace the main battery within ten minutes. If the battery is not changed within ten minutes, the system automatically executes the suspend process.

reached a limit level that requires a warning to be issued. Since the system does not issue an alarm, the application program must execute a warning by acquiring the status from the system library. The sub-battery must be replaced according to the procedure described later. Indicates that the SRAM card battery voltage has reached a limit level that requires a warning to be issued. Since the system does not issue an alarm, the application program side must execute a warning by acquiring the status from the system library. The SRAM card battery must be replaced according to the procedure described later.

Description

There is also a main battery inoperable level (LB0). This is the status of the main battery when its voltage falls below LB1. If this happens, the system executes an emergency power off (critical suspend). Therefore, this level is also referred to as the emergency escape process level. This status cannot be acquired from the application side, since the system turns off the power as soon as the voltage reaches LB0.

Main Battery Voltage Monitoring

(a)

(c)

(d)

If the main battery voltage reaches LB1, the system issues a warning buzzer. If this warning buzzer sounds, either start recharging the battery or replace it with a fully charged battery as soon as possible. If one of these measures is not taken within ten minutes, the system will forcibly turn off the power for safety. The following diagram shows the main battery voltage against the time axis.

Main Battery voltage

LB1

Generate warning buzzer.

Turn OFF power automatically

(b)

Voltage level to

allow operation

Start to recharge

LB0

(e)

10 minutes

Fig. 2.6

(a) If the main battery voltage reaches LB1, the low battery voltage warning alarm sounds. (b) Unless the main battery is either replaced or recharged within ten minutes, the system power is

automatically turned off to protect the data.

power to the main unit (critical suspend).

(d) If the main battery voltage drops below LB0, the main unit power cannot be turned on even if the

Power switch is pressed.

(e) If the main unit is mounted on the I/O Box or connected to the AC adaptor, charging of the

battery is initiated and the main battery voltage will gradually increase.

(f) Once the main battery voltage has been recharged to an operable level, it is possible to turn on

Time

the power to the main unit.

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