Casio fx-FD10 Pro User Manual

fx-FD10 Pro

User’s Guide

GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF THE UNIT IN THE U.S.A. (not applicable to other areas).

NOTICE

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

FCC WARNING

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Proper connectors must be used for connection to host computer and/or peripherals in order to meet FCC emission limits.

USB connector that comes with the fx-FD10 Pro Power Graphic Unit to Windows

compatible PC

Declaration of Conformity

Model Number: fx-FD10 Pro Trade Name: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. Responsible party: CASIO AMERICA, INC. Address: 570 MT. PLEASANT AVENUE, DOVER, NEW JERSEY 07801 Telephone number: 973-361-5400

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Important!

The splash resistance and dust resistance performance of the calculator are based on CASIO testing methods. Indicated performance is based on performance at the time of shipment from the factory (at the time of delivery to you). CASIO makes no guarantee that such performance will be provided in environments where you use the calculator. Also note that submersion in water during use is not covered by the warranty, so be sure to take the same precautions that you take with other electrical devices whenever using this calculator in the rain.

• The contents of this user’s guide are subject to change without notice.

• No part of this user’s guide may be reproduced in any form without the express written consent of the manufacturer.

• Microsoft, Windows, and Windows Vista are registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries.

• Mac OS is a trademark of Apple, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

• The SDHC Logo is a trademark of SD-3C, LLC.

• Company and product names used in this manual may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.

Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted — Read This First!

1. BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR FOR THE FIRST TIME... ................................ 1-1

2. Handling Precautions .................................................................................................... 1-3

3. LCD and Key Back Lighting .......................................................................................... 1-6

4. Splash Resistance, Dust Resistance, and Shock Resistance ......................................1-7

5. About this User’s Guide ................................................................................................1-8

Chapter 2 Basic Operation

1. Keys .............................................................................................................................. 2-1

2. Display ..........................................................................................................................2-3

3. Inputting and Editing Calculations ................................................................................. 2-6

4. Option (OPTN) Menu .................................................................................................. 2-11

5. Variable Data (VARS) Menu ....................................................................................... 2-12

6. Program (PRGM) Menu .............................................................................................. 2-13

7. Using the Setup Screen ..............................................................................................2-14

8. When you keep having problems… ........................................................................... 2-16

Chapter 3 Manual Calculations

1. Basic Calculations .........................................................................................................3-1

2. Special Functions .......................................................................................................... 3-4

3. Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format .............................................................. 3-8

4. Function Calculations .................................................................................................. 3-10

5. Numerical Calculations ...............................................................................................3-19

6. Complex Number Calculations ....................................................................................3-28

7. Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers ......................... 3-31

8. Matrix Calculations ...................................................................................................... 3-34

9. Metric Conversion Calculations ...................................................................................3-48

Chapter 4 List Function

1. Inputting and Editing a List ............................................................................................ 4-1

2. Manipulating List Data ...................................................................................................4-5

3. Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists ............................................................................. 4-10

4. Switching Between List Files ....................................................................................... 4-12

5. Using CSV Files .......................................................................................................... 4-13

Chapter 5 Statistical Graphs and Calculations

1. Before Performing Statistical Calculations .................................................................... 5-1

2. Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data ........................................... 5-4

3. Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data ........................................... 5-9

4. Statistical Graph Display Operations ..........................................................................5-14

5. Performing Statistical Calculations ..............................................................................5-20

Chapter 6 Programming

1. Basic Programming Steps .............................................................................................6-1

2. PRGM Mode Function Keys ..........................................................................................6-3

3. Editing Program Contents ............................................................................................. 6-4

4. File Management .......................................................................................................... 6-6

5. Command Reference .................................................................................................. 6-10

6. Using Calculator Functions in Programs ..................................................................... 6-26

7. PRGM Mode Command List .......................................................................................6-31

iii

8. CASIO Scientific Function Calculator Special Commands ⇔

Text Conversion Table ................................................................................................ 6-34

Chapter 7 Spreadsheet

1. Spreadsheet Basics and the Function Menu ...............................................................7-1

2. Basic Spreadsheet Operations ..................................................................................... 7-2

3. Using Special S • SHT Mode Commands .................................................................... 7-15

4. Drawing Statistical Graphs, and Performing Statistical and Regression

Calculations ................................................................................................................. 7-16

5. S • SHT Mode Memory ................................................................................................7-21

Chapter 8 Memory Manager

1. Using the Memory Manager .......................................................................................... 8-1

Chapter 9 System Manager

1. Using the System Manager ........................................................................................... 9-1

2. System Settings ............................................................................................................9-1

Chapter 10 Data Communication

1. Establishing a Connection between the Calculator and a Personal Computer ........... 10-1

2. Transferring Data between the Calculator and a Personal Computer ........................ 10-3

Chapter 11 Using SD Cards and SDHC Cards

1. Using an SD Card ....................................................................................................... 11-1

2. Formatting an SD Card ............................................................................................... 11-3

3. SD Card Precautions during Use ................................................................................ 11-3

Appendix

1. Power Supply ................................................................................................................α-1

2. Error Message Table .....................................................................................................α-4

3. Input Ranges .................................................................................................................α-8

4. Specifications ..............................................................................................................α-10

5. Preset Programs .........................................................................................................α-12

Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted

— Read This First!

1. BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR FOR THE FIRST TIME...

Batteries are not loaded in your calculator at the factory. Be sure to follow the procedure below to load batteries and adjust the display contrast before

trying to use the calculator for the first time.

1. Turn over the calculator and rotate the center knob to the left.

• During the remainder of this procedure, take care that you do not accidentally press the o key.

2. Lift up the battery compartment cover (1) and remove it (2).

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3. Load the four batteries that come with the calculator.

• When loading batteries other than those that come with the calculator, be sure to load full set of four AAA-size alkaline or rechargeable nickel-metal hydride batteries.

• Make sure that the positive (+) and negative (–) ends of the batteries are facing correctly.

4. Replace the battery compartment cover. While pressing down on the cover, rotate the center knob to the right.

Important!

• You may not be able to rotate the center knob if you do not press down on the battery

compartment cover as you do.

• Splash resistance, dust resistance, and shock resistance are maximized while the battery

compartment cover is fully and securely closed.

• Even a slight amount of foreign matter (a single hair, speck of dust, etc.) on the contact

surface of the battery compartment cover can allow moisture and/or dust to get into the interior of the calculator.

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• If the Power Properties screen shown to the right is not

on the display, press the RESTART button on the back of the calculator.

RESTART button

5. To change the LCD and key backlight duration, use c and f to move the highlighting to “Backlight Duration” and then press one of the keys below.

1(10) ... Backlight remains lit for 10 seconds after the backlight on operation.*

Performing a key operation while the backlight is lit will restart the duration until 10 seconds after that key operation.

2(30) ... Backlight remains lit for 30 seconds after the backlight on operation.*

Performing a key operation while the backlight is lit will restart the duration until 30 seconds after that operation.

3(Alway) ... Backlight remains lit after the backlight on operation* until you press

!a(LIGHT) or until the calculator is turned off.

* The backlight on operation depends on what is selected for the calculator’s “Backlight

Setting”. The initial default setting turns the backlight on when any key operation is performed.

6. Press 6(Next).

• This displays the Battery Settings screen.

7. Use f and c to move the highlighting to the battery type matches the batteries you loaded in step 2 above, and then press 1(SEL).

8. On the confirmation screen that appears, press 1(Yes).

9. Press 6(FIN) to complete the initial setup procedure.

• This will display the main menu.

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2. Handling Precautions

• Your calculator is made up of precision components. Never try to take it apart.

• Avoid dropping your calculator and subjecting it to strong impact.

• Do not store the calculator or leave it in areas exposed to high temperatures or humidity, or

large amounts of dust. When exposed to low temperatures, the calculator may require more time to display results and may even fail to operate. Correct operation will resume once the calculator is brought back to normal temperature.

• Your calculator supports use of both alkaline batteries and rechargeable nickel-metal hydride

batteries. Note that the amount of operation between charges provided by nickel-metal hydride batteries is shorter than the life of alkaline batteries. Use only batteries that are specifically recommended for this calculator.

• Replace the main batteries once every one year regardless of how much the calculator

is used during that period. Never leave dead batteries in the battery compartment. They can leak and damage the unit. Immediately remove nickel-metal hydride batteries from the calculator after their charge is used up. Leaving uncharged nickel-metal hydride batteries in the calculator can cause them to deteriorate.

• Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult a physician

immediately.

• Avoid using volatile liquids such as thinner or benzine to clean the unit. Wipe it with a soft,

dry cloth, or with a cloth that has been moistened with a solution of water and a neutral detergent and wrung out.

• Always be gentle when wiping dust off the display to avoid scratching it.

• In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers be liable to you or any other person for

any damages, expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages arising out of loss of data and/or formulas arising out of malfunction, repairs, or battery replacement. It is up to you to prepare physical records of data to protect against such data loss.

• Never dispose of batteries, the liquid crystal panel, or other components by burning them.

• Be sure that the power switch is set to OFF when replacing batteries.

• If the calculator is exposed to a strong electrostatic charge, its memory contents may be

damaged or the keys may stop working. In such a case, perform the Reset operation to clear the memory and restore normal key operation.

• If the calculator stops operating correctly for some reason, use a thin, pointed object to press

the RESTART button on the back of the calculator. Note, however, that this clears all the data in calculator memory.

• Note that strong vibration or impact during program execution can cause execution to stop or

can damage the calculator’s memory contents.

• Using the calculator near a television or radio can cause interference with TV or radio

reception.

• Before assuming malfunction of the unit, be sure to carefully reread this User’s Guide and

ensure that the problem is not due to insufficient battery power, programming or operational errors.

• Avoid contact with water and other liquids.

Though your calculator is designed to be splash-resistant, note that splash-resistance is

reduced if it is exposed to moisture, dirt, or dust while the battery compartment cover, USB port cap, SD card cap, or other opening is uncovered. Moisture getting into the calculator creates the risk of malfunction, fire, and electric shock.

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• Do not swing the calculator around by its strap. Doing so creates the risk of calculator

malfunction and personal injury.

• Avoid opening the battery compartment cover, USB port cap, and SD card cap in areas

where moisture or salt wind is present, when your hands are wet, when wearing wet gloves, etc.

• Periodically check the battery compartment cover, USB port cap, SD card cap, and the areas

around them for dirt, sand, and other foreign matter. If any of these areas are dirty, use a soft, clean, and dry cloth to wipe them. Note that even a minute particle of foreign matter (a single strand of hair, a single grain of sand, etc.) on a cover or cap contact surface creates the risk of moisture reaching the calculator interior.

• If the calculator is exposed to large amounts of rain or other water, wipe it dry. Make sure

that all moisture is removed before using the calculator again.

• Do not use the calculator for long periods in the rain.

• When closing the battery compartment cover, USB port cap, or SD card cap, inspect its

gasket for cracks, damage, looseness, or other irregularities, and make sure that the cover or cap closes securely.

• Take care to avoid dropping the calculator and do not leave it in an area that is outside the

allowable operating temperature range. Such conditions can cause deterioration of splash and/or dust resistance.

• Calculator accessories and options are not splash or dust resistant.

• Subjecting the calculator to extreme shock may cause loss of splash and/or dust resistance.

• CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. shall held in no way liable for any malfunction of or damage

to the calculator or SD card being used, or for any corruption or deletion of memory contents due to problems related to invasion of moisture that may occur due to misuse by you.

• CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. shall not be held responsible for any problems caused by

exposure of this calculator to moisture.

• A progress bar and/or a busy indicator appear on the display whenever the calculator is

performing a calculation, writing to memory, or reading from memory.

Busy indicator

Progress bar

Never press the RESTART button or remove the batteries from the calculator when the

progress bar or busy indicator is on the display. Doing so can cause memory contents to be lost and can cause malfunction of the calculator.

1-4

Be sure to keep physical records of all important data!

The large memory capacity of the unit makes it possible to store large amounts of data. You should note, however, that low battery power or incorrect replacement of the batteries

that power the unit can cause the data stored in memory to be corrupted or even lost entirely. Stored data can also be affected by strong electrostatic charge or strong impact. It is up to you to keep back up copies of data to protect against its loss.

Since this calculator employs unused memory as a work area when performing its internal calculations, an error may occur when there is not enough memory available to perform calculations. To avoid such problems, it is a good idea to leave 1 or 2 kbytes of memory free (unused) at all times.

In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.

1-5

3. LCD and Key Back Lighting

This calculator is equipped with LCD and key back lighting to make the keys and display easy to read, even in the dark. You can conserve battery power by limiting backlight operation to only when you need it.

u To turn the backlight on or off

Press !a(LIGHT) to toggle the backlight on and off.

• Changing the Backlight On/Off Key

You can configure the calculator so the backlight turns on when any key is pressed, instead of requiring the !a(LIGHT) to toggle the backlight on and off. For details, see “To specify the backlight key” (page 9-2).

• Backlight duration

You can configure backlight settings so it remains on or turns off after a specific period (30 seconds or 10 seconds) of calculator non-use. See “To specify the backlight duration” for details about the applicable operation procedure.

• Backlight and Battery Life

• Long-term backlight illumination can shorten battery life.

• The table below shows approximate battery life values for a new set of alkaline batteries or a new set of nickel-metal hydride batteries when operations (1) through (3) are performed repeatedly at one-hour intervals, under a temperature of 25°C.

(1) Five minutes of main menu display (2) PRGM mode calculation for 5 minutes (3) 50 minutes of PRGM mode display

Batteries Backlight Use Approximate Battery Life

Alkaline Lit for the first 30 seconds of the

three-step operation, then turned off after that.

Continuously lit. 25 hours

Nickel-metal hydride batteries (Recommended batteries only)

Lit for the first 30 seconds of the three-step operation, then turned off after that.

Continuously lit. 15 hours

200 hours

120 hours

(Reference value)

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4. Splash Resistance, Dust Resistance, and Shock Resistance

k Splash Resistance and Dust Resistance

This calculator satisfies the requirements of the IP54* splash proof and dust proof protection levels defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

* IP stands for “ingress protection”. The “5” of the left digit means Class 5 (no ingress of

dust that affect device operation) protection against solid objects. The “4” means Class 4 protection against liquids (no harmful effects from water sprayed from all directions).

k Shock Resistance

This calculator has cleared independent testing by CASIO that was conducted based on the United States Defense Department MIL-STD-810G shock resistance performance test methods*. Test methods are those described below.

Local testing by natural dropping of the calculator to the floor (P tile on concrete) from a height of 122 cm on six faces. Test data represents actual cumulative values based on CASIO standards, and do not constitute any guarantee of non-destruction of or non- damage to the actual product exterior.

* Environmental laboratory test method (Method 516.6-Shock) of the United States

Department of Defense MIL-STD-810G military standard, which requires passage by a total of at least five devices, which are drop tested from a height of 122 centimeters (4 feet) onto a plywood (lauan) drop zone, in groups of five, for a total of 26 drops (6 faces, 8 corners, 12 edges)

Important!

• Shock resistance testing assumes exposure to shock during normal everyday use.

Subjecting the calculator to extreme shock may destroy it.

• Even if exposure to shock does not result in calculator operational performance, it can cause

scratching of the calculator’s display or other damage.

• Splash resistance, dust resistance, and shock resistance testing of this calculator was

performed using CASIO test methods. No guarantees are made concerning the ability of the calculator to be impervious to damage and/or malfunction.

1-7

5. About this User’s Guide

u !x(')

The above indicates you should press ! and then x, which will input a ' symbol. All multiple-key input operations are indicated like this. Key cap markings are shown, followed by the input character or command in parentheses.

u m STAT

This indicates you should first press m, use the cursor keys ( f, c, d, e) to select the

STAT mode, and then press w. Operations you need to perform to enter a mode from the Main Menu are indicated like this.

u Function Keys and Menus

• Many of the operations performed by this calculator can be executed by pressing function keys 1 through 6. The operation assigned to each function key changes according to the mode the calculator is in, and current operation assignments are indicated by function menus that appear at the bottom of the display.

• This User’s Guide shows the current operation assigned to a function key in parentheses following the key cap for that key. 1(Comp), for example, indicates that pressing 1 selects {Comp}, which is also indicated in the function menu.

• When ( g) is indicated in the function menu for key 6, it means that pressing 6 displays the next page or previous page of menu options.

u Menu Titles

• Menu titles in this User’s Guide include the key operation required to display the menu being explained. The key operation for a menu that is displayed by pressing K and then {LIST} would be shown as: [OPTN]-[LIST].

• 6(g) key operations to change to another menu page are not shown in menu title key operations.

u Command List

The PRGM Mode Command List (page 6-31) provides a graphic flowchart of the various function key menus and shows how to maneuver to the menu of commands you need.

Example: The following operation displays Xfct: [VARS] -[FACT] -[Xfct]

u E-CON2

This manual does not cover the E-CON2 mode. For more information about the E-CON2 mode, download the E-CON2 manual (English version only) from: http://edu.casio.com.

1-8

Chapter 2 Basic Operation

1. Keys

k Key Table

Page Page Page Page Page Page

1-6

1-6 2-7,

2-7, 2-10

2-10

2-6

3-12

2-8

2-12

2-13

2-13 2-2,

2-2, 6-2

6-2

2-6

2-9

3-4

2-14 α-2

2-14 α-2 2-3

2-3

2-10

3-1

3-15

1-12-2 2-11

2-6

PagePage Page Page Page

3-11

3-4

3-4 2-7

2-7

2-9

3-4

3-4 3-7

3-7

3-15

3-12

2-1

k Calculator Front Keys

Almost all of the keys on the front of the calculator have two functions assigned to them.

For example, pressing the x key directly inputs ^2 (1: square), while pressing ! and then x inputs '(2: square root).

Note

• For information about keys 1 through 6, see “About the Function Menu” (page 2-5).

• The a key is used when inputting alphabetic characters. See “Inputting Alphabetic Characters” for more information.

• Pressing the a key twice in succession displays a function menu of up to six functions or commands registered by you to the Favorites category. You can use the function menu to input Favorites functions and commands. For more information, see “To input Favorites category commands using the function keys” (page 2-11).

k Side Keys

There are three keys on the right side of the calculator: up cursor key, down cursor key, and w key.

Up cursor key

Down cursor key

w key

These keys perform the same operations as the corresponding keys on the front of the calculator. As shown in the example below, the up and down cursor keys can be used to scroll certain screens one screen by pressing one of the keys twice in succession.

Example To use the up and down cursor keys to scroll a program list one screen

1. Press 0 to display the program list.

2-2

2. Press the down side cursor key twice in succession to

scroll the screen contents downwards one screen.

3. Press the up side cursor key twice in succession to scroll

the screen contents upwards one screen.

Note

• Each press of a side cursor key scrolls one screen when any of the following screens is displayed.

- Matrix memory element input screen (Matrix Calculations, page 3-34)

- List Editor screen (Chapter 4 List Function)

- Program List screen (Chapter 6 Programming)

- Spreadsheet screen (Chapter 7 Spreadsheet)

- Memory information screen (Chapter 8 Memory Manager)

• If a screen does not support scrolling with the side cursor keys, screen contents will not change when either key is pressed twice in succession.

• Pressing the front up/down cursor keys twice in succession will not scroll screen contents.

2. Display

k Selecting Icons

This section describes how to select an icon in the Main Menu to enter the mode you want.

u To select an icon

1. Press m to display the Main Menu.

2. Use the cursor keys ( d, e, f, c) to move the

highlighting to the icon you want.

Currently selected icon Currently selected icon

2-3

3. Press w to display the initial screen of the mode

whose icon you selected. Here we will enter the STAT mode.

• You can also enter a mode without highlighting an icon in the Main Menu by inputting the

number marked in the lower right corner of the icon.

• Use only the procedures described above to enter a mode. If you use any other procedure,

you may end up in a mode that is different than the one you thought you selected.

The following explains the meaning of each icon.

Icon Mode Name Description

RUN • MAT (Run • Matrix)

PRGM (Program)

STAT (Statistics)

S • SHT (Spreadsheet)

MEMORY Use this mode to manage data in the calculator’s main

SYSTEM Use this mode to adjust display contrast, and to configure

Use this mode for arithmetic calculations and function calculations, and for calculations involving binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal values and matrices.

Use this mode to write, store and recall programs that be reused for calculation as required. A variety of different useful preset programs are provided.

Use this mode to perform single-variable (standard deviation) and paired-variable (regression) statistical calculations, to perform tests, to analyze data and to draw statistical graphs.

Use this mode to perform spreadsheet calculations. You can also perform the same statistical calculations and statistical graphing operations you perform in the STAT mode.

memory and storage memory, and on an SD card loaded in the calculator.

power supply, display language, memory reset, and other general operational settings.

k Battery Level Indicator

An icon in the upper right corner of the Main Menu (m) shows approximately how much battery power is remaining.

... From left to right: Level 3, Level 2, Level 1, Dead.

Important!

• Replace batteries as soon as possible whenever (Level 1) is indicated. For information about battery replacement, see “Replacing Batteries” (page Ơ-1).

• The calculator will display a message prompting you to replace batteries when battery power goes very low. For more information, see “Low Battery Message” (page 2-17).

2-4

k About the Function Menu

Use the function keys ( 1 to 6) to access the menus and commands in the menu bar along the bottom of the display screen. You can tell whether a menu bar item is a menu or a command by its appearance.

k Normal Display

The calculator normally displays values up to 10 digits long. Values that exceed this limit are automatically converted to and displayed in exponential format.

u How to interpret exponential format

1.2E+12 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 × 10 12. This means that you should move

the decimal point in 1.2 twelve places to the right, because the exponent is positive. This results in the value 1,200,000,000,000.

1.2

–03 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 × 10 –3. This means that you should move

the decimal point in 1.2 three places to the left, because the exponent is negative. This results in the value 0.0012.

You can specify one of two different ranges for automatic changeover to normal display.

Norm 1 ................... 10

–2

(0.01) > | x|, | x| > 10

Norm 2 ................... 10 –9 (0.000000001) > | x|, | x| > 10

All of the examples in this manual show calculation results using Norm 1. See page 3-9 for details on switching between Norm 1 and Norm 2.

k Special Display Formats

This calculator uses special display formats to indicate fractions, hexadecimal values, and degrees/minutes/seconds values.

u Fractions

.................... Indicates: 456

12 23

u Hexadecimal Values

u Degrees/Minutes/Seconds

................... Indicates: 0ABCDEF1

180150001

(10)

(16)

.................... Indicates: 12° 34’ 56.78”

2-5

, which equals

• In addition to the above, this calculator also uses other indicators or symbols, which are

described in each applicable section of this manual as they come up.

3. Inputting and Editing Calculations

k Inputting Calculations

When you are ready to input a calculation, first press A to clear the display. Next, input your calculation formulas exactly as they are written, from left to right, and press w to obtain the result.

Example 2 + 3 – 4 + 10 =

Ac+d-e+baw

k Editing Calculations

Use the d and e keys to move the cursor to the position you want to change, and then perform one of the operations described below. After you edit the calculation, you can execute it by pressing w. Or you can use e to move to the end of the calculation and input more.

u To change a step

Example To change cos60 to sin60

A!i(cos)ga

ddd

!h(sin)

u To delete a step

Example To change 369 × × 2 to 369 × 2

Adgj**c

In the insert mode, the D key operates as a backspace key.

2-6

u To insert a step

Example To change 2.36 2 to sin2.36

Ac.dgx

ddddd

!h(sin)

k Alphabetic Character Input

Use the function menu that appears when you press a to input alphabetic characters for variable memory names (A through Z), program names, etc.

Example To input A + B + C

a1(A-E)1(A)+2(B)+3(C)

Note

To input symbols (', ", ~, =) and spaces, use the function menu that appears after you press a6(SYBL).

k Using Replay Memory

The last calculation performed is always stored into replay memory. You can recall the contents of the replay memory by pressing d or e. If you press e, the calculation appears with the cursor at the beginning. Pressing d causes the calculation to appear with the cursor at the end. You can make changes in the calculation as you wish and then execute it again.

Example 1 To perform the following two calculations

4.12 × 6.4 = 26.368

4.12 × 7.1 = 29.252

Ae.bc*g.ew

dDDD

h.b

After you press A, you can press f or c to recall previous calculations, in sequence from the newest to the oldest (Multi-Replay Function). Once you recall a calculation, you can use e and d to move the cursor around the calculation and make changes in it to create a new calculation.

2-7

Example 2

Abcd+efgw

cde-fghw

f (One calculation back)

f (Two calculations back)

• A calculation remains stored in replay memory until you perform another calculation.

• The contents of replay memory are not cleared when you press the A key, so you can recall a calculation and execute it even after pressing the A key.

k Making Corrections in the Original Calculation

Example 14 ÷ 0 × 2.3 entered by mistake for 14 ÷ 10 × 2.3

Abe/a*c.d

Press J.

Cursor is positioned automatically at the location of the cause of the error.

Make necessary changes.

Execute again. w

k Using the Clipboard for Copy and Paste

You can copy (or cut) a function, command, or other input to the clipboard, and then paste the clipboard contents at another location.

u To specify the copy range

1. Move the cursor ( I) to the beginning or end of the range of text you want to copy and then

press !b(CLIP). This changes the cursor to “

2. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor and highlight the range of text you want to copy.

2-8

”.

3. Press 1(COPY) to copy the highlighted text to the clipboard, and exit the copy range

specification mode.

The selected characters are not changed when you copy them.

To cancel text highlighting without performing a copy operation, press J.

u To cut the text

1. Move the cursor ( I) to the beginning or end of the range of text you want to cut and then

press !b(CLIP). This changes the cursor to “

2. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor and highlight the range of text you want to cut.

”.

3. Press 2(CUT) to cut the highlighted text to the clipboard.

Cutting causes the original characters to be deleted.

u Pasting Text

Move the cursor to the location where you want to paste the text, and then press !c(PASTE). The contents of the clipboard are pasted at the cursor position.

!c(PASTE)

k Catalog Function

The Catalog is an alphabetic list of all the commands available on this calculator. You can input a command by calling up the Catalog and then selecting the command you want.

Registering often-used commands to Favorites makes them more easily accessible for input.

u To use the Catalog to input a command

1. Press !a(CATALOG) to display an alphabetic Catalog of commands.

• The screen that appears first is the last one you used for command input.

2-9

2. Press 6(CTGY) to display the category list.

• You can skip this step and go straight to step 5,

if you want.

3. Use the cursor keys ( f, c) to highlight the command category you want, and then press

1(EXE) or w.

• This displays a list of commands in the category you selected.

4. Input the first letter of the command you want to input. This will display the first command

that starts with that letter.

5. Use the cursor keys ( f, c) to highlight the command you want to input, and then press

1(INPUT) or w.

Example To use the Catalog to input the ClrList command

A!a(CATALOG)a1(A-E)

3(C)c~cw

Pressing J or !J(QUIT) closes the Catalog.

u To register a frequently used commend to Favorites

1. Press !a(CATALOG) to display an alphabetic Catalog of commands.

2. Press 6(CTGY) to display the category list.

• You can skip this step and go straight to step 5, if you want.

3. Use the cursor keys (f, c) to highlight the command category you want, and then press

1(EXE) or w.

4. Input the first letter of the command you want to register to Favorites.

• This will display the first command that begins with that letter.

5. Use f and c to move the highlighting to the command you want to register, and then

press 2(FAV).

• This registers the highlighted command to Favorites. A Favorites category list will appear on the display at this time.

Note

• The first six commands in the Favorites category can be input using the function menu that appears when the a key is pressed twice in succession. The top command is assigned to key 1(FAV1), the second command to key 2(FAV2), and so on up to 6(FAV6).

• Each time a new command is added to Favorites, it is added to the end of the list. For information about changing the order of the commands in the list, see “To re-arrange the sequence of Favorites category list commands” (page 2-11).

2-10

u To input Favorites category commands using the function keys

1. Press the a key twice.

• This displays a function menu for inputting Favorites category commands.

2. Press the function key (1(FAV1) to 6(FAV6)) that corresponds to the command you want to input.

u To re-arrange the sequence of Favorites category list commands

1. Press !a(CATALOG) to display the catalog screen, and then press 6(CTGY)c to display the Favorites category list.

2. Use f and c to move the highlighting to one of the commands you want to move, and then press 2(SWAP).

3. Use f and c to move the highlighting to the command you want to swap with the command you selected above, and then press 2(SWAP).

u To delete a command from the Favorites category

While the Favorites category list is displayed, use f and c to move the highlighting to the command you want to delete, and then press 5(DEL).

4. Option (OPTN) Menu

The option menu gives you access to scientific functions and features that are not marked on the calculator’s keyboard. The contents of the option menu differ according to the mode you are in when you press the K key.

• The option menu does not appear if you press K while binary, octal, decimal, or

hexadecimal is set as the default number system.

• For details about the commands included on the option (OPTN) menu, see the “K key”

item in the “PRGM Mode Command List” (page 6-31).

• The meanings of the option menu items are described in the sections that cover each mode.

The following list shows the option menu that is displayed when the RUN • MAT or PRGM mode is selected.

• {LIST} ... {list function menu}

• {MAT} ... {matrix operation menu}

• {CPLX} ... {complex number calculation menu}

• {CALC} ... {functional analysis menu} 2-11

• {STAT} ... {menu for paired-variable statistical estimated value}

• {CONV} ... {metric conversion menu}

• {HYP} ... {hyperbolic calculation menu}

• {PROB} ... {probability/distribution calculation menu}

• {NUM} ... {numeric calculation menu}

• {ANGL} ... {menu for angle/coordinate conversion, sexagesimal input/conversion}

• {ESYM} ... {engineering symbol menu}

• {PICT} ... {graph save/recall menu}

• {FMEM} ... {function memory menu}

• {LOGIC} ... {logic operator menu}

5. Variable Data (VARS) Menu

To recall variable data, press !K(VARS) to display the variable data menu. {V-WIN}/{FACT}/{STAT}/{Str}

• Note that the Str item appears for function key 6 only when you access the variable data menu from the RUN • MAT or PRGM mode.

• The variable data menu does not appear if you press !K(VARS) while binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal is set as the default number system.

• For details about the commands included on the variable data (VARS) menu, see the “!K(VARS) key” item in the “ PRGM Mode Command List” (page 6-31).

u V-WIN — Recalling V-Window values

• {X}/{Y} ... { x-axis menu}/{ y-axis menu}

• { min}/{max}/{scal}/{dot} ... {minimum value}/{maximum value}/{scale}/{dot value*

The dot value indicates the display range (Xmax value – Xmin value) divided by the screen dot pitch (126). The dot value is normally calculated automatically from the minimum and maximum values. Changing the dot value causes the maximum to be calculated automatically.

}

u FACT — Recalling zoom factors

• {Xfct}/{Yfct} ... { x-axis factor}/{ y-axis factor}

u STAT — Recalling statistical data

• {X} … {single-variable, paired-variable x-data}

• { of squares}/{population standard deviation}/{sample standard deviation}/{minimum value}/{maximum value}

n}/{¯ x }/{Σ x}/{Σ x

}/{Ʊx}/{sx}/{minX}/{maxX} ... {number of data}/{mean}/{sum}/{sum

•

{Y} ... {paired-variable y-data}

• { of products of x-data and y-data}/{population standard deviation}/{sample standard deviation}/{minimum value}/{maximum value}

Κ}/{Σ y}/{Σ y

}/{Σ xy}/{Ʊx}/{sy}/{minY}/{maxY} ... {mean}/{sum}/{sum of squares}/{sum

2-12

•

{GRPH} ... {graph data menu}

• { a}/{b}/{c}/{d}/{e} ... {regression coefficient and polynomial coefficients}

• { r}/{r

• { MSe} ... {mean square error}

} ... {correlation coefficient}/{coefficient of determination}

• { Q

• { Med}/{Mod} ... {median}/{mode} of input data

• { Strt}/{Pitch} ... histogram {start division}/{pitch}

•

• { x1}/{y1}/{x2}/{y2}/{x3}/{y3} ... {coordinates of summary points}

}/{Q3} ... {first quartile}/{third quartile}

{PTS} ... {summary point data menu}

u Str — Str command

• { Str} ... {string memory}

6. Program (PRGM) Menu

To display the program (PRGM) menu, first enter the RUN • MAT or PRGM mode from the Main Menu and then press !0(PRGM). The following are the selections available in the program (PRGM) menu.

• { COM} ...... {program command menu}

• { CTL} ....... {program control command menu}

• { JUMP} ..... {jump command menu}

• { ?} ............ {input command}

• { ^} .......... {output command}

• { CLR} ....... {clear command menu}

• { DISP} ...... {display command menu}

• { REL} ....... {conditional jump relational operator menu}

• { I/O} ......... {I/O control/transfer command menu}

• { :} ............. {multi-statement command}

• { STR} ....... {string command}

The following function key menu appears if you press !0(PRGM) in the RUN • MAT mode or the PRGM mode while binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal is set as the default number system.

• { Prog} ....... {program recall}

• { JUMP}/{?}/{^}/{REL}/{:}

The functions assigned to the function keys are the same as those in the Comp mode. For details on the commands that are available in the various menus you can access from the

program menu, see “Chapter 6 Programming”.

2-13

7. Using the Setup Screen

The mode’s Setup screen shows the current status of mode settings and lets you make any changes you want. The following procedure shows how to change a setup.

u To change a mode setup

1. Select the icon you want and press w to enter a mode and display its initial screen. Here we will enter the RUN • MAT mode.

2. Press !m(SET UP) to display the mode’s Setup screen.

• This Setup screen is just one possible example. Actual

Setup screen contents will differ according to the mode you are in and that mode’s current settings.

3. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the item whose setting you want to change.

4. Press the function key ( 1 to 6) that is marked with the setting you want to make.

5. After you are finished making any changes you want, press J to exit the Setup screen.

k Setup Screen Function Key Menus

This section details the settings you can make using the function keys in the Setup screen.

indicates default setting.

u Mode (calculation/binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal mode)

• { Comp} ... {arithmetic calculation mode}

• { Dec}/{Hex}/{Bin}/{Oct} ... {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal}

u Frac Result (fraction result display format)

• { d/c}/{ab/c} ... {improper}/{mixed} fraction

u Angle (default angle unit)

• { Deg}/{Rad}/{Gra} ... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads}

u Complex Mode

• { Real} ... {calculation in real number range only}

• {

a+bi}/{r∠ Ƨ} ... {rectangular format}/{polar format} display of a complex calculation

u Coord (graph pointer coordinate display)

• { On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

2-14

u Grid (graph gridline display)

• { On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

u Axes (graph axis display)

• { On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

u Label (graph axis label display)

• { On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

u Display (display format)

• { Fix}/{Sci}/{Norm}/{Eng} ... {fixed number of decimal places specification}/{number of significant digits specification}/{normal display setting}/{engineering mode}

u Simplify (calculation result auto/manual reduction specification)

• { Auto}/{Man} ... {auto reduce and display}/{display without reduction}

u Stat Wind (statistical graph V-Window setting method)

• { Auto}/{Man} ... {automatic}/{manual}

u Resid List (residual calculation)

• { None}/{LIST} ... {no calculation}/{list specification for the calculated residual data}

u List File (list file display settings)

• { FILE} ... {settings of list file on the display}

u Sub Name (list naming)

• { On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

u Graph Func (graph name display during graph drawing and trace)

• { On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

u Background (graph display background)

• { None}/{PICT} ... {no background}/{graph background picture specification}

u Sketch Line (overlaid line type)

• { }/{ }/{ }/{ } ... {normal}/{thick}/{broken}/{dotted}

u Q1Q3 Type (Q 1/Q3 calculation formulas)

• { Std}/{OnD} ... {Divide total population on its center point between upper and lower groups, with the median of the lower group Q1 and the median of the upper group Q3}/ {Make the value of element whose cumulative frequency ratio is greater than 1/4 and nearest to 1/4 Q1 and the value of element whose cumulative frequency ratio is greater than 3/4 and nearest to 3/4 Q3}

u Auto Calc (spreadsheet auto calc)

• { On}/{Off} ... {execute}/{not execute} the formulas automatically

u Show Cell (spreadsheet cell display mode)

• { Form}/{Val} ... {formula}* 1/{value}

2-15

u Move (spreadsheet cell cursor direction) *

• { Low}/{Right} ... {move down}/{move right}

Selecting “Form” (formula) causes a formula in the cell to be displayed as a formula. The

“Form” does not affect any non-formula data in the cell.

Specifies the direction the cell cursor moves when you press the w key to register cell input, when the Sequence command generates a number table, and when you recall data from List memory.

8. When you keep having problems…

If you keep having problems when you are trying to perform operations, try the following before assuming that there is something wrong with the calculator.

k Getting the Calculator Back to its Original Mode Settings

1. From the Main Menu, enter the SYSTEM mode.

2. Press 5(RSET).

3. Press 1(STUP), and then press 1(Yes).

4. Press Jm to return to the Main Menu. Now enter the correct mode and perform your calculation again, monitoring the results on the

display.

k Restart and Reset

u Restart

Should the calculator start to act abnormally, you can restart it by pressing the RESTART button. Note, however, that you should only use the RESTART button only as a last resort. Normally, pressing the RESTART button reboots the calculator’s operating system, so programs and other data in calculator memory is retained.

RESTART button

2-16

Important!

The calculator backs up user data (main memory) when you turn power off and loads the backed up data when you turn power back on.

When you press the RESTART button, the calculator restarts and loads backed up data. This means that if you press the RESTART button after you edit a program or other data, any data that has not been backed up will be lost.

u Reset

Use reset when you want to delete all data currently in calculator memory and return all mode settings to their initial defaults.

Before performing the reset operation, first make a written copy of all important data. For details, see “Reset” (page 9-3).

k Low Battery Message

If the following message appears on the display, immediately turn off the calculator and replace batteries as instructed.

If you continue using the calculator without replacing batteries, power will automatically turn off to protect memory contents. Once this happens, you will not be able to turn power back on, and there is the danger that memory contents will be corrupted or lost entirely.

• You will not be able to perform data communications operations after the low battery

message appears.

2-17

Chapter 3 Manual Calculations

1. Basic Calculations

k Arithmetic Calculations

• Enter arithmetic calculations as they are written, from left to right.

• Use the - key to input the minus sign before a negative value.

• Calculations are performed internally with a 15-digit mantissa. The result is rounded to a 10-

digit mantissa before it is displayed.

• For mixed arithmetic calculations, multiplication and division are given priority over addition

and subtraction.

Example Operation

56 × (–12) ÷ (–2.5) = 268.8

(2 + 3) × 10

2 + 3 × (4 + 5) = 29

= 0.3

4×5

Final closed parentheses (immediately before operation of the w key) may be omitted, no matter how many are required.

= 500

56*-12/-2.5w

!*( ( ) 2+3!/( ) )*10xw

2+3*!*( ( ) 4+5w*

6/!*( ( ) 4*5!/( ) )w

k Number of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, Normal

Display Range

• Even after you specify the number of decimal places or the number of significant digits,

internal calculations are still performed using a 15-digit mantissa, and displayed values are stored with a 10-digit mantissa. Use Rnd of the Numeric Calculation Menu (NUM) (page 3-10) to round the displayed value off to the number of decimal place and significant digit settings.

• Number of decimal place (Fix) and significant digit (Sci) settings normally remain in effect

until you change them or until you change the normal display range (Norm) setting.

[SET UP] -[Display]

[Fix] / [Sci] / [Norm]

Example 1 100 ÷ 6 = 16.66666666...

Condition Operation Display

4 decimal places

5 significant digits

Cancels specification

Displayed values are rounded off to the place you specify.

!m(SET UP) ff

1(Fix)ewJw

!m(SET UP) ff

2(Sci)fwJw

!m(SET UP) ff

3-1

100/6w

3(Norm)Jw

16.66666667

16.6667

*1*

1.6667

16.66666667

+01

*1*

Example 2 200 ÷ 7 × 14 = 400

Condition Operation Display

200/7*14w

3 decimal places

!m(SET UP) ff

1(Fix)dwJw

Calculation continues using display capacity of 10 digits

200/7w

14w

• If the same calculation is performed using the specified number of digits:

200/7w

The value stored internally is rounded off to the number of decimal places specified on

K6(g)4(NUM)4(Rnd)w

14w

the Setup screen.

200/7w

You can also specify the number of decimal places for rounding of internal values for a specific calculation.

6(g)1(RndFi)K,2!/( ) )

14w

(Example: To specify rounding to two decimal places)

400

400.000

28.571

Ans ×

400.000

28.571

Ans ×

399.994

28.571

RndFix(Ans,2)

28.570

Ans ×

399.980

k Calculation Priority Sequence

This calculator employs true algebraic logic to calculate the parts of a formula in the following order:

1 Type A functions

• Coordinate transformation Pol (

• Functions that include parentheses (such as derivatives, integrations, Σ , etc.)

d/dx, d

/dx2, ∫ dx, Σ , Solve, FMin, FMax, List → Mat, Fill, Seq, SortA, SortD, Min, Max,

Median, Mean, Augment, Mat → List, P(, Q(, R(, t(, RndFix, log ab

• Composite functions*

, List, Mat, fn 2 Type B functions With these functions, the value is entered and then the function key is pressed.

, x–1, x!, ° ’ ”, ENG symbols, angle unit °,r,

3 Power/root ^( xy), 4 Fractions

5 Abbreviated multiplication format in front of π , memory name, or variable name. 2 π , 5A, Xmin, H Start, etc. 6 Type C functions With these functions, the function key is pressed and then the value is entered.

', log, In, ex, 10 x, sin, cos, tan, sin –1, cos –1, tan –1, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh –1, cosh –1,

–1

tanh

, (–), d, h, b, o, Neg, Not, Det, Trn, Dim, Identity, Ref, Rref, Sum, Prod, Cuml,

Percent, AList, Abs, Int, Frac, Intg, Arg, Conjg, ReP, ImP

x, y), Rec ( r,

)

3-2

7 Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type A functions, Type C functions, and

parenthesis. 2'3, A log2, etc.

8 Permutation, combination

nPr, nCr

9 Metric conversion commands 0 × , ÷, Int÷, Rnd ! +, – @ Relational operators =, ≠ , >, <, ≥ , ≤ # And (logical operator), and (bitwise operator) $ Or, Xor (logical operator), or, xor, xnor (bitwise operator)

You can combine the contents of multiple function memory (fn) locations into composite functions. Specifying fn1(fn2), for example, results in the composite function fn1 °fn2. A composite function can consist of up to five functions.

Example 2 + 3 × (log sin2 π

+ 6.8) = 22.07101691 (angle unit = Rad)

• You cannot use a differential, quadratic differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum value,

Solve, RndFix or log

b calculation expression inside of a RndFix calculation term.

• When functions with the same priority are used in series, execution is performed from right to

left.

In 120 → ex{In( 120)}

Otherwise, execution is from left to right.

• Compound functions are executed from right to left.

• Anything contained within parentheses receives highest priority.

k Multiplication Operations without a Multiplication Sign

You can omit the multiplication sign (×) in any of the following operations.

• Before Type A functions (1 on page 3-2) and Type C functions (6 on page 3-2), except for

negative signs

Example 1 2sin30, 10log1.2, 2

• Before constants, variable names, memory names

Example 2 2π, 2AB, 3Ans, etc.

, 2Pol(5, 12), etc.

• Before an open parenthesis

Example 3 3(5 + 6), (A + 1)(B – 1), etc.

Note

If you execute a calculation that includes both division and multiplication operations in which a multiplication sign has been omitted, parentheses will be inserted automatically as shown in the examples below.

3-3

• When a multiplication sign is omitted immediately before an open parenthesis or after a

closed parenthesis.

Example 1 6÷ 2(1 + 2) → 6 ÷ (2(1 + 2)) 6 ÷ A(1 + 2) → 6 ÷ (A(1 + 2)) 1 ÷ (2 + 3)sin30 → 1 ÷ ((2 + 3)sin30)

• When a multiplication sign is omitted immediately before a variable, a constant, etc.

Example 2 6 ÷ 2π→6 ÷ (2π) 2 ÷ 2'2 → 2 ÷ (2'2) 4π ÷ 2π→4π ÷ (2π)

k Overflow and Errors

Exceeding a specified input or calculation range, or attempting an illegal input causes an error message to appear on the display. Further operation of the calculator is impossible while an error message is displayed. For details, see the “Error Message Table” on page α-4.

• Most of the calculator’s keys are inoperative while an error message is displayed. Press J

to clear the error and return to normal operation.

k Memory Capacity

Each time you press a key, either one byte or two bytes is used. Some of the functions that require one byte are: b, c, d, !h(sin), !i(cos), !j(tan), and !x('). Some of the functions that take up two bytes are d/dx(, Mat, Xmin, If, For, Return, and SortA.

2. Special Functions

k Calculations Using Variables

Example Operation Display

193.2!K(→)a1(A-E)1(A)w

193.2 ÷ 23 = 8.4

193.2 ÷ 28 = 6.9

k Memory

(A)/23w

1 1(A)/28w

193.2

8.4

6.9

u Variables (Alpha Memory)

This calculator comes with 28 variables as standard. You can use variables to store values you want to use inside of calculations. Variables are identified by single-letter names, which are made up of the 26 letters of the alphabet, plus r andθ . The maximum size of values that you can assign to variables is 15 digits for the mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent.

• Variable contents are retained even when you turn power off.

3-4

u To assign a value to a variable

[value] !K(→) [variable name] w

Example 1 To assign 123 to variable A

Abcd!K(→) a1(A-E)1(A)w

Example 2 To add 456 to variable A and store the result in variable B

Aa1(A-E)1(A)+efg !K(→)a1(A-E)2(B)w

u To assign the same value to more than one variable

[value]!K(→) [first variable name] a6(SYBL)3(~) [last variable name] w

• You cannot use “

Example To assign a value of 10 to variables A through F

Aba!K(→)a1(A-E) 1(A)J6(SYBL)3(~)J 2(F-J)1(F)w

r” or “

” as a variable name.

u String Memory

You can store up to 20 strings (named Str 1 to Str 20) in string memory. Stored strings can be output to the display or used inside functions and commands that support the use of strings as arguments.

For details about string operations, see “Strings” (page 6-20).

Example To assign string “ABC” to Str 1 and then output Str 1 to the display

Aa6(SYBL)2(")J 1(A-E)1(A)2(B)3(C)J 6(SYBL)2(")!K(→)!K(VARS) 6(Str)bw

6(Str)bw

String is displayed justified left.

3-5

u Function Memory [OPTN]-[FMEM]

Function memory is convenient for temporary storage of often-used expressions.

• { STO }/{RCL}/{fn}/{SEE} ... {function store}/{function recall}/{function area specification as a

variable name inside an expression}/{function list}

u To store a function

Example To store the function (A+B) (A–B) as function memory number 1

!*( ( )a1(A-E)1(A)+ a2(B)!/( ) ) !*( ( )a1(A-E)1(A)- a2(B)!/( ) )

K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM) 1(STO)bw

JJJ

• If the function memory number to which you store a function already contains a function, the

previous function is replaced with the new one.

• You can also use !K(→) to store a function in function

memory in a program. In this case, you must enclose the function inside of double quotation marks.

u To recall a function

Example To recall the contents of function memory number 1

AK6(g)6(g)3(FMEM) 2(RCL)bw

• The recalled function appears at the current location of the cursor on the display.

u To recall a function as a variable

Ad!K(→)a1(A-E)1(A)w b!K(→)a1(A-E)2(B)w K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)3(fn) b+cw

3-6

u To display a list of available functions

K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM) 4(SEE)

u To delete a function

Example To delete the contents of function memory number 1

K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM) 1(STO)bw

• Executing the store operation while the display is blank deletes the function in the function

memory you specify.

k Answer Function

The Answer Function automatically stores the last result you calculated by pressing w (unless the w key operation results in an error). The result is stored in the answer memory.

• The largest value that the answer memory can hold is 15 digits for the mantissa and 2 digits

for the exponent.

• Answer memory contents are not cleared when you press the A key or when you switch

power off.

u To use the contents of the answer memory in a calculation

Example 123 + 456 = 579

789 – 579 = 210

Abcd+efgw hij-Kw

3-7

k Performing Continuous Calculations

Answer memory also lets you use the result of one calculation as one of the arguments in the next calculation.

Example 1 ÷ 3 =

1 ÷ 3 × 3 =

Ab/dw (Continuing) *dw

Continuous calculations can also be used with Type B functions ( ^(xy),x', ° ’ ”, etc.

, x–1, x!, on page 3-2), +, –,

3. Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format

Before performing a calculation for the first time, you should use the Setup screen to specify the angle unit and display format.

k Setting the Angle Unit [SET UP] - [Angle]

1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Angle”.

2. Press the function key for the angle unit you want to specify, then press J.

• { Deg}/{Rad}/{Gra} ... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads}

• The relationship between degrees, grads, and radians is shown below.

360° = 2 π radians = 400 grads 90° = π /2 radians = 100 grads

k Setting the Display Format [SET UP] - [Display]

1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Display”.

2. Press the function key for the item you want to set, then press J.

• { Fix}/{Sci}/{Norm}/{Eng} ... {fixed number of decimal places specification}/ {number of significant digits specification}/{normal display}/{Engineering mode}

u To specify the number of decimal places ( Fix)

Example To specify two decimal places

1(Fix)cw

Press the number key that corresponds to the number of decimal places you want to specify

n = 0 to 9).

(

• Displayed values are rounded off to the number of decimal places you specify.

3-8

u To specify the number of significant digits ( Sci)

Example To specify three significant digits

2(Sci)dw

Press the number key that corresponds to the number of significant digits you want to specify

n = 0 to 9). Specifying 0 makes the number of significant digits 10.

(

• Displayed values are rounded off to the number of significant digits you specify.

u To specify the normal display ( Norm 1/Norm 2)

Press 3(Norm) to switch between Norm 1 and Norm 2.

Norm 1: 10

–2

(0.01) > | x|, | x| >10

Norm 2: 10 –9 (0.000000001) > | x|, | x| >10

u To specify the engineering notation display ( Eng mode)

Press 4(Eng) to switch between engineering notation and standard notation. The indicator “/E” is on the display while engineering notation is in effect.

You can use the following symbols to convert values to engineering notation, such as 2,000 (= 2 × 10

) → 2k.

E (Exa)

P (Peta)

T (Tera)

G (Giga)

M (Mega)

k (kilo)

× 10 × 10 × 10

m (milli)

μ (micro) × 10

n (nano)

p (pico)

f (femto)

× 10

× 10 × 10 × 10

–3

–6

–9

–12

–15

• The engineering symbol that makes the mantissa a value from 1 to 1000 is automatically selected by the calculator when engineering notation is in effect.

3-9

4. Function Calculations

k Function Menus

This calculator includes five function menus that give you access to scientific functions not printed on the key panel.

• The contents of the function menu differ according to the mode you entered from the Main Menu before you pressed the K key. The following examples show function menus that appear in the RUN • MAT or PRGM mode.

u Hyperbolic Calculations (HYP) [OPTN]-[HYP]

• { sinh}/{cosh}/{tanh} ... hyperbolic {sine}/{cosine}/{tangent}

• { sinh

u Probability/Distribution Calculations (PROB) [OPTN]-[PROB]

• {

–1

}/{cosh–1}/{tanh–1} ... inverse hyperbolic {sine}/{cosine}/{tangent}

x!} ... {press after inputting a value to obtain the factorial of the value}

• {

nPr}/{nCr} ... {permutation}/{combination}

• { RAND} ... {random number generation}

• { Ran#}/{Int}/{Norm}/{Bin}/{List} ... {random number generation (0 to 1)}/{random integer

generation}/{random number generation in accordance with normal distribution based on mean binomial distribution based on number of trials n and probability p}/{random number generation (0 to 1) and storage of result in ListAns}

• { P(}/{Q(}/{R(} ... normal probability {P(

• {

t(} ... {value of normalized variate t(x)}

ƫ and standard deviation Ʊ}/{random number generation in accordance with

t)}/{Q(t)}/{R(t)}

u Numeric Calculations (NUM) [OPTN]-[NUM]

• { Abs} ... {select this item and input a value to obtain the absolute value of the value}

• { Int}/{Frac} ... select the item and input a value to extract the {integer}/{fraction} part.

• { Rnd} ... {rounds off the value used for internal calculations to 10 significant digits (to match the value in the answer memory), or to the number of decimal places (Fix) and number of significant digits (Sci) specified by you}

• { Intg} ... {select this item and input a value to obtain the largest integer that is not greater than the value}

• { RndFi} ... {rounds off the value used for internal calculations to specified digits (0 to 9) (see

page 3-2).}

• { GCD} ... {greatest common divisor for two values}

• { LCM} ... {least common multiple for two values}

• { MOD} ... {remainder of division (remainder output when

• { MOD

•

E} ... {remainder when division is performed on a power value (remainder output

when

n is raised to p power and then divided by m)}

3-10

n is divided by m)}

u Angle Units, Coordinate Conversion, Sexagesimal Operations (ANGL)

[OPTN]-[ANGL]

• { °}/{r}/{g} ... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads} for a specific input value

• { ° ’ ” }* ... {specifies degrees (hours), minutes, seconds when inputting a degrees/minutes/ seconds value}

• {

• The {

}* ... {converts decimal value to degrees/minutes/seconds value}

° ’ ”

} menu operation is available only when there is a calculation result on the display.

° ’ ”

• { Pol(}/{Rec(}* ... {rectangular-to-polar}/{polar-to-rectangular} coordinate conversion

• { 'DMS} ... {converts decimal value to sexagesimal value}

* These commands ({ ° ’ ” }, {

}, {Pol(}, {Rec(}) can be input using key operations, without

° ’ ”

going through the option (OPTN) menu. For operation examples, see “Angle Units” (page 3-11).

u Engineering Symbol (ESYM) [OPTN]-[ESYM]

• { m}/{

}/{n}/{p}/{f} ... {milli (10

• { k}/{M}/{G}/{T}/{P}/{E} ... {kilo (10 {exa (10

)}

–3

)}/{micro (10 –6)}/{nano (10 –9)}/{pico (10

)}/{mega (10 6)}/{giga (10 9)}/{tera (10 12)}/{peta (10 15)}/

• { ENG}/{ENG} ... shifts the decimal place of the displayed value three digits to the {left}/{right} and {decreases}/{increases} the exponent by three.

When you are using engineering notation, the engineering symbol is also changed

accordingly.

• The {ENG} and {ENG} menu operations are available only when there is a calculation

result on the display.

–12

)}/{femto (10

–15

)}

k Angle Units

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Example Operation

47.3° + 82.5rad = 4774.20181°

2°20´30˝ + 39´30˝ = 3°00´00˝

Convert 60° to radians.

1.047197551

To convert 2.255 (decimal) to

47.3+82.5K6(g)5(ANGL)2(r)w

2$20$30$+0$39$30$w

!$(

° ’ ”

)

!m(SET UP)cc2(Rad)J

60K6(g)5(ANGL)1(°)w

2.255w!$(

° ’ ”

)

sexagesimal

2°15’18”

k Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions

• Be sure to set the angle unit before performing trigonometric function and inverse trigonometric function calculations.

(90° = radians = 100 grads)

3-11

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Example Operation

cos (

rad) = 0.5

!m(SET UP) cc2(Rad)J!i(cos) !*( ( )!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9)

cc(π)w/3!/( ) )w

•

sin 45° × cos 65° = 0.5976724775

sin–10.5 = 30°

!m(SET UP) cc1(Deg)J 2*!h(sin)45*c65w*

–1

!e(sin

) 0.5*2w

(x when sin x = 0.5)

*1* can be omitted.

Input of leading zero is not necessary.

k Logarithmic and Exponential Functions

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Example Operation

log 1.23 (log

1.23) = 0.08990511144

!a(CATALOG)a3(K-O)2(L)c~c(log) w1.23w

8 = 3

log

K4(CALC)6(g)4(logab)2,8 !/( ) )w

(–3)4 = (–3) × (–3) × (–3) × (–3) = 81

!*( ( )-3!/( ) )!a(CATALOG) a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c(^)w 4w

123 (= 123

1 7

) = 1.988647795 7!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c

(

')w 123w

k Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Example Operation

sinh 3.6 = 18.28545536

–1

cosh

= 0.7953654612 K6(g)2(HYP)5(cosh

K6(g)2(HYP)1(sinh)3.6w

!/( ) )w

–1

)!*( ( ) 20/15

3-12

k Other Functions

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Example Operation

'2 + '5 = 3.65028154

(–3)

= (–3) × (–3) = 9

8! (= 1 × 2 × 3 × .... × 8) = 40320

What is the integer part of – 3.5? – 3

!x(')2+!x(') 5w

!*( ( )-3!/( ) )xw

8K6(g)3(PROB)1(

K6(g)4(NUM)2(Int)-3.5w

x!)w

k Random Number Generation (RAND)

u Random Number Generation (0 to 1) (Ran#, RanList#)

Ran# and RanList# generate 10 digit random numbers randomly or sequentially from 0 to 1. Ran# returns a single random number, while RanList# returns multiple random numbers in list form. The following shows the syntaxes of Ran# and RanList#.

Ran# [a] 1 < RanList# (n [,a]) 1 <

•

n is the number of trials. RanList# generates the number of random numbers that

corresponds to n and displays them on the ListAns screen. A value must be input for n.

a < 9 n < 999

• “

a” is the randomization sequence. Random numbers are returned if nothing is input for “ a”.

Entering an integer of 1 through 9 for a will return the corresponding sequential random number.

• Executing the function Ran# 0 initializes the sequences of both Ran# and RanList#. The sequence also is initialized when a sequential random number is generated with a different sequence of the previous execution using Ran# or RanList#, or when generating a random number.

Ran# Examples

Example Operation

Ran# (Generates a random number.)

(Each press of w generates a new random number.)

Ran# 1 (Generates the first random number in sequence 1.)

(Generates the second random number in sequence 1.)

Ran# 0 (Initializes the sequence.)

K6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND) 1(Ran#)w

w w

K6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND) 1(Ran#)1w

1(Ran#)0w

Ran# 1 (Generates the first random number in sequence 1.)

3-13

1(Ran#)1w

RanList# Examples

Example Operation

RanList# (4) (Generates four random numbers and displays the result on the ListAns screen.)

RanList# (3, 1) (Generates from the first to the third random numbers of sequence 1 and displays the result on the ListAns screen.)

(Next, generates from the fourth to the sixth random number of sequence 1 and displays the result on the ListAns screen.)

Ran# 0 (Initializes the sequence.)

RanList# (3, 1) (Re-generates from the first to the third random numbers of sequence 1 and displays the result on the ListAns screen.)

K6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND)5(List)

4!/( ) )

JK6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND) 5(List) 3,1!/( ) )w

J1(Ran#)0w

5(List)3,1!/( ) )w

u Random Integer Generation (RanInt#)

RanInt# generates random integers that fall between two specified integers. RanInt# (A, B [,n]) A < B |A|,|B| < 1

• A is the start value and B is the end value. Omitting a value for number as-is. Specifying a value for n returns the specified number of random values in list form.

Example Operation

RanInt# (1, 5) (Generates one random integer from 1 and

5.)

RanInt# (1, 10, 5) (Generates five random integers from 1 to 10 and displays the result on the ListAns screen.)

E10 B – A < 1 E10 1 < n < 999

n returns a generated random

K6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND)2(Int)

1,5!/( ) )w

K6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND)2(Int)

1,10,5!/( ) )w

u Random Number Generation in Accordance with Normal Distribution

(RanNorm#)

This function generates a 10-digit random number in accordance with normal distribution based on a specified mean

RanNorm# (

• Omitting a value for returns the specified number of random values in list form.

Ʊ, ƫ [,n]) Ʊ > 0 1 < n < 999

ƫ and standard deviation Ʊ values.

n returns a generated random number as-is. Specifying a value for n

3-14

Example Operation

RanNorm# (8, 68) (Randomly produces a body length value obtained in accordance with the normal distribution of a group of infants less than one year old with a mean body length of 68cm and standard deviation of 8.)

RanNorm# (8, 68, 5) (Randomly produces the body lengths of five infants in the above example, and displays them in a list.)

K6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND)3(Norm) 8,68!/( ) )w

K6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND)3(Norm)

8,68,5!/( ) )

u Random Number Generation in Accordance with Binomial Distribution

(RanBin#)

This function generates random integers in accordance with binomial distribution based on values specified for the number of trials n and probability p.

RanBin# (n, p [,m]) 1 <

• Omitting a value for returns the specified number of random values in list form.

n < 100000 1 < m < 999 0 < p < 1

m returns a generated random number as-is. Specifying a value for m

Example Operation

RanBin# (5, 0.5) (Randomly produces the number of heads that can be expected in accordance with binomial distribution for five coin tosses where the probability of heads is 0.5.)

RanBin# (5, 0.5, 3) (Performs the same coin toss sequence described above three times and displays the results in a list.)

K6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND)4(Bin) 5,0.5!/( ) )w

K6(g)3(PROB)4(RAND)4(Bin)

5,0.5,3!/( ) )w

k Coordinate Conversion

You can perform coordinate conversion using the following key operations: !-(Pol) or !+(Rec).

u Rectangular Coordinates u Polar Coordinates

• With polar coordinates, –180°< Ƨ < 180° (radians and grads have same range).

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Ƨ can be calculated and displayed within a range of

3-15

Example Operation

Calculate

1 24.989 → 24.98979792 (r)

1 24.989 → 24.98979792 (r) 2 55.928 → 55.92839019 ( )

2 55.928 → 55.92839019 ( )

Calculate

1 13.979 → 13.97982259 (x)

1 13.979 → 13.97982259 (x) 2 20.725 → 20.72593931 (y)

2 20.725 → 20.72593931 (y)

r and Ƨ° when x = 14 and y = 20.7

x and y when r = 25 and Ƨ = 56°

!m(SET UP) cc1(Deg)J !-(Pol)14,20.7!/( ) )wJ

!+(Rec)25,56!/( ) )w

• The results of coordinate conversions are automatically stored in ListAns Memory.

Example1 result Example 2 result

k Permutation and Combination

u Permutation u Combination

n–r

nPr

(

nCr

r!(n–r

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Example 1 To calculate the possible number of different arrangements using 4

items selected from among 10 items

Formula Operation

10P4 = 5040

10K6(g)3(PROB)2(

nPr)4w

Example 2 To calculate the possible number of different combinations of 4 items

that can be selected from among 10 items

Formula Operation

10C4 = 210

10K6(g)3(PROB)3(

nCr)4w

k Greatest Common Divisor (GCD), Least Common Multiple (LCM)

Example Operation

To determine the greatest common divisor of 28 and 35 (GCD (28, 35) = 7)

To determine the least common multiple of 9 and 15 (LCM (9, 15) = 45)

K6(g)4(NUM)6(g)2(GCD)28, 35!/( ) )w

K6(g)4(NUM)6(g)3(LCM)9,15 !/( ) )w

3-16

k Division Remainder (MOD), Remainder of Exponential Division (MOD

–

Exp)

Example Operation

To determine the remainder when 137 is divided by 7 (MOD (137, 7) = 4)

To determine the remainder when 5

is divided by 3 (MOD• E (5, 3, 3) = 2)

k Fractions

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Example Operation

2 1 73 –– + 3 –– = –– 5 4 20

1 1 ––––– + –––– 2578 4572

= 6.066202547 × 10

–4

K6(g)4(NUM)6(g)4(MOD)137,7 !/( ) )w

•

K6(g)4(NUM)6(g)5(MOD

5,3,3!/( ) )w

2!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9)c~

c({)w5+3!a(CATALOG)({) 1(INPUT)1!a(CATALOG)({)1(INPUT)

1!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9)c~

c({)w2578+1!a(CATALOG)({) 1(INPUT)4572w

× 0.5 = 0.25*

–– 2

1!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9)c~ c({)w2*.5w

*1 When the total number of characters, including integer, numerator, denominator and delimiter

marks exceeds 10, the fraction is automatically displayed in decimal format.

Calculations containing both fractions and decimals are calculated in decimal format.

k Engineering Notation Calculations

Input engineering symbols using the engineering notation menu.

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Example Operation

999k (kilo) + 25k (kilo) = 1.024M (mega)

9 ÷ 10 = 0.9 = 900m (milli) = 0.9

= 0.0009k (kilo) = 0.9 = 900m

!m(SET UP) ff4(Eng)J999K6(g)6(g) 1(ESYM)6(g)1(k)+251(k)w

9/10w K6(g)6(g)1(ESYM)6(g)6(g)3(ENG)*

3(ENG)* 2(ENG)* 2(ENG)*

3-17

*1Converts the displayed value to the next higher engineering unit, by shifting the decimal

point three places to the right.

Converts the displayed value to the next lower engineering unit, by shifting the decimal point three places to the left.

k Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) [OPTN]-[LOGIC]

The logical operator menu provides a selection of logical operators.

• { And}/{Or}/{Not}/{Xor} ... {logical AND}/{logical OR}/{logical NOT}/{logical XOR}

• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen.

Example What is the logical AND of A and B when A = 3 and B = 2?

A AND B = 1

Operation Display

3!K(→)a1(A-E)1(A)w 2!K(→)a1(A-E)2(B)w

1(A)K6(g)6(g)4(LOGIC)

1(And)a1(A-E)2(B)w

u About Logical Operations

• A logical operation always produces either 0 or 1 as its result.

• The following table shows all of possible results that can be produced by AND, OR and XOR operations.

Value or Expression A Value or Expression B A AND B A OR B A XOR B

A ≠ 0 B ≠ 0 A ≠ 0

A = 0

A = 0 B = 0 000

• The following table shows the results produced by the NOT operation.

Value or Expression A NOT A

A ≠ 0

A = 0 1

B = 0 011

B ≠ 0

110

011

3-18

5. Numerical Calculations

The following explains the numerical calculation operations included in the function menu displayed when K4(CALC) is pressed. The following calculations can be performed.

• { Int÷}/{Rmdr}/{Simp} ... {quotient}/{remainder}/{simplification}

• { Solve}/{

{integration}/{

d/dx}/{d

/dx2}/{∫ dx}/{SolvN} ... {equality solution}/{differential}/{quadratic differential}/

f(x) function solution}

• { FMin}/{FMax}/{Σ (}/{log

logab}

b} ... {minimum value}/{maximum value}/{summation}/{logarithm

k Quotient of Integer ÷ Integer [OPTN]-[CALC]-[Int÷]

The “Int÷” function can be used to determine the quotient when one integer is divided by another integer.

Example To calculate the quotient of 107 ÷ 7

AbahK4(CALC)6(g) 6(g)1(Int÷)h w

k Remainder of Integer ÷ Integer [OPTN]-[CALC]-[Rmdr]

The “Rmdr” function can be used to determine the remainder when one integer is divided by another integer.

Example To calculate the remainder of 107 ÷ 7

AbahK4(CALC)6(g) 6(g)2(Rmdr)h w

k Simplification [OPTN]-[CALC]-[Simp]

The “ 'Simp” function can be used to simplify fractions manually. The following operations can be used to perform simplification when an unsimplified calculation result is on the display.

• { Simp} w ... This function automatically simplifies the displayed calculation result using the

smallest prime number available. The prime number used and the simplified result are shown on the display.

• { Simp}

n w ... This function performs simplification according to the specified divisor n.

3-19

Under initial default settings, this calculator automatically simplifies fraction calculation results before displaying them. Before performing the following examples, use the Setup screen to change the “Simplify” setting from “Auto” to “Manual” (page 2-15).

• When “a+b calculation results always are simplified before being displayed, even if the “Simplify” setting is “Manual”.

• If you want to simplify fractions manually (Simplify: Manual), make sure that the “Real” is selected for the “Complex Mode” setting.

Example 1 To simplify

Abf!a(CATALOG) a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c({)w gawK4(CALC)6(g)6(g) 3(Simp)w

3(Simp)w

i” or “ r∠

” is specified for the Setup screen “Complex Mode” setting, fraction

15 60

2014

The “F=” value is the divisor.

Example 2 To simplify

Ach!a(CATALOG) a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c({)w gdwK4(CALC)6(g)6(g) 3(Simp)jw

• An error occurs if simplification cannot be performed using the specified divisor.

• Executing 'Simp while a value that cannot be simplified is displayed will return the original value, without displaying “F=”.

specifying a divisor of 9

27 63

k Solve Calculations [OPTN]-[CALC]-[Solve]

SOLVE uses approximation based on Newton’s Law to solve equations. The following is the syntax for using the Solve function.

Solve(

An error (Time Out) occurs when there is no convergence of the solution.

• You cannot use a quadratic differential, Σ , maximum/minimum value or Solve calculation

• Pressing A during calculation of Solve (while the cursor is not shown on the display)

f(x), n, a, b) ( a: lower limit, b: upper limit, n: initial estimated value)

expression inside of any of the above functions.

interrupts the calculation.

3-20

k Solving an f(x) Function [OPTN]-[CALC]-[SolvN]

You can use SolvN to solve an input syntax.

SolveN (left side [=right side] [,variable] [, lower limit, upper limit])

• The right side, variable, lower limit and upper limit all can be omitted.

• “left side[=right side]” is the expression to be solved. Supported variables are A through Z, andθ . When the right side is omitted, solution is perform using right side = 0.

• The variable specifies the variable within the expression to be solved for (A through Z, Omitting a variable specification cause X to be used as the variable.

• The lower limit and upper limit specify the range of the solution. You can input a value or an expression as the range.

• The following functions cannot be used within any of the arguments.

Solve(,

Up to 10 calculation results can be displayed simultaneously in ListAns format.

• The message “No Solution” is displayed if no solution exists.

• The message “More solutions may exist.” is displayed when there may be solutions other than those displayed by SolvN.

/dx2, FMin(, FMax(, Σ (

f(x) function using numerical analysis. The following is the

Example To solve

K4(CALC)5(SolvN) a5(U-Z)4(X)x-f4(X)

-g!/( ) )w

– 5 x – 6 = 0

3-21

k Differential Calculations [OPTN]-[CALC]-[d/dx]

To perform differential calculations, first display the function analysis menu, and then input the values using the syntax below.

K4(CALC)2(

(

a: point for which you want to determine the derivative, tol: tolerance)

d/dx

(f

d/dx) f(x),a,tol!/( ) )

(a)

(x)

)

⇒



,



(a)

The differentiation for this type of calculation is defined as:

f(a

f (a

) = lim

f(a

–––––––––––––

→

In this definition, infinitesimal is replaced by a sufficiently small A

x)–f(a

)

x, with the value in the

neighborhood of f'(a) calculated as:

f(a

f (a

f(a

)

–––––––––––––



x)–f(a

)

In order to provide the best precision possible, this unit employs central difference to perform differential calculations.

Example To determine the derivative at point

y = x

+ 4 x2 + x – 6, with a tolerance of “ tol” = 1 E – 5

Input the function

f(x).

x = 3 for the function

AK4(CALC)2(

d/dx)a5(U-Z)4(X)!a(CATALOG)

a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c(^)wd+ea5(U-Z)4(X) x+4(X)-g,

Input point

x = a for which you want to determine the derivative.

Input the tolerance value.

b!a(CATALOG)a1(A-E)5(E) c~c(EXP)w-f!/( ) )w

Differential Calculation Precautions

• In the function f(x), only X can be used as a variable in expressions. Other variables (A through Z excluding X, that variable is applied during the calculation.

• Input of the tolerance ( tolerance ( tol) value, the calculator automatically uses a value for tol as 1 E–10.

• Specify a tolerance ( solution that satisfies the tolerance value can be obtained.

r, Ƨ) are treated as constants, and the value currently assigned to

tol) value and the closing parenthesis can be omitted. If you omit

tol) value of 1 E–14 or greater. An error (Time Out) occurs whenever no

• Pressing A during calculation of a differential (while the cursor is not shown on the display) interrupts the calculation.

• Inaccurate results and errors can be caused by the following:

- discontinuous points in

- extreme changes in

- inclusion of the local maximum point and local minimum point in

x values

3-22

- inclusion of the inflection point in x values

- inclusion of undifferentiable points in

x values

- differential calculation results approaching zero

• Always use radians (Rad mode) as the angle unit when performing trigonometric differentials.

• You cannot use a differential, quadratic differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum value, Solve, RndFix or log

b calculation expression inside a differential calculation term.

k Quadratic Differential Calculations [OPTN]-[CALC]-[d2/dx

After displaying the function analysis menu, you can input quadratic differentials using the following syntax.

K4(CALC)3( (

a: differential coefficient point, tol: tolerance)

Quadratic differential calculations produce an approximate differential value using the following second order differential formula, which is based on Newton’s polynomial interpretation.

In this expression, values for “sufficiently small increments of approximates f"(a).

/dx2) f(x),a,tol!/( ) )

h” are used to obtain a value that

]

Example To determine the quadratic differential coefficient at the point where

x = 3 for the function y = x

+ 4 x2 + x – 6

Here we will use a tolerance tol = 1 E – 5

Input the function f(x).

AK4(CALC)3(

/dx2)a5(U-Z)4(X)!a(CATALOG) a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c(^)wd+ea5(U-Z)4(X) x+4(X)-g,

Input 3 as point

a, which is the differential coefficient point.

Input the tolerance value.

b!a(CATALOG)a1(A-E) 5(E)c~c(EXP)w

-f!/( ) )

Quadratic Differential Calculation Precautions

• With quadratic differential calculation, calculation precision is up to five digits for the mantissa.

• The rules that apply for linear differential also apply when using a quadratic differential calculation. See “Differential Calculation Precautions” on page 3-22.

3-23

k Integration Calculations [OPTN]-[CALC]-[∫ dx]

∫

To perform integration calculations, first display the function analysis menu and then input the values using the syntax below.

K4(CALC)4(∫

: start point,b: end point,

(

f(x),a

(

As shown in the illustration above, integration calculations are performed by calculating integral values from effect calculates the surface area of the shaded area in the illustration.

Example 1 To perform the integration calculation for the function shown below,

dx) f(x) , a , b , tol !/( ) )

: tolerance)

tol

b, tol

f(x)d

⇒

f(x)d

Area of

f(x)dx

is calculated

)

a through b for the function y = f ( x) where a < x < b, and f ( x) > 0. This in

with a tolerance of “

(2x2 + 3x + 4) dx

tol” = 1 E – 4

Input the function

AK4(CALC)4(∫

Input the start point and end point.

b,f,

Input the tolerance value.

b!a(CATALOG)a1(A-E)5(E) c~c(EXP)w-e !/( ) ) w

Example 2 When the angle unit setting is degrees, trigonometric function

Note the following points to ensure correct integration values.

f (x).

dx)ca5(U-Z)4(X)x+d4(X)+e,

integration calculation is performed using radians (Angle unit = Deg)

Examples Calculation Result Display

3-24

(1) When cyclical functions for integration values become positive or negative for different

∫

divisions, perform the calculation for single cycles, or divide between negative and positive, and then add the results together.

Positive part (

)

Negative part (

f(x)dx =

Positive part ( S) Negative part ( S)

(2) When minute fluctuations in integration divisions produce large fluctuations in integration

values, calculate the integration divisions separately (divide the large fluctuation areas into smaller divisions), and then add the results together.

f(x)dx =

f(x)dx

)

f(x)dx

+.....+

f(x)d

• Pressing A during calculation of an integral (while the cursor is not shown on the display) interrupts the calculation.

• Always use radians (Rad mode) as the angle unit when performing trigonometric integrations.

• An error (Time Out) occurs whenever no solution that satisfies the tolerance value can be obtained.

Integration Calculation Precautions

• In the function f(x), only X can be used as a variable in expressions. Other variables (A through Z excluding X, that variable is applied during the calculation.

• Input of “ automatically uses a default value of 1 E–5.

• Integration calculations can take a long time to complete.

• You cannot use a differential, quadratic differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum value, Solve, RndFix or log

tol” and closing parenthesis can be omitted. If you omit “ tol,” the calculator

r, Ƨ) are treated as constants, and the value currently assigned to

b calculation expression inside of an integration calculation term.

3-25

k Σ Calculations [OPTN]-[CALC]-[Σ (]

To perform Σ calculations, first display the function analysis menu, and then input the values using the syntax below.

K4(CALC)6(g)3(Σ ( )

(

n: distance between partitions)

α,β

)

k =

ak , k ,

,β , n !/( ) )

+........+

Example To calculate the following:

(

–3k+5)

(

–3k+5)

k = 2

n = 1 as the distance between partitions.

Use

AK4(CALC)6(g)3(Σ ( ) a3(K-O)1(K)x-d1(K) +f,1(K),c,g,b !/( ) )w

Σ Calculation Precautions

• The value of the specified variable changes during a Σ calculation. Be sure to keep separate written records of the specified variable values you might need later before you perform the calculation.

• You can use only one variable in the function for input sequence

• Input integers only for the initial term (

• Input of

n and the closing parentheses can be omitted. If you omit n, the calculator

) of sequence ak and last term ( β ) of sequence ak.

ak.

automatically uses n = 1.

• Make sure that the value used as the final term

is greater than the value used as the initial

termα . Otherwise, an error will occur.

• To interrupt an ongoing Σ calculation (indicated when the cursor is not on the display), press the A key.

• You cannot use a differential, quadratic differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum value, Solve, RndFix or log

b calculation expression inside of a Σ calculation term.

k Maximum/Minimum Value Calculations [OPTN]-[CALC]-[FMin]/[FMax]

After displaying the function analysis menu, you can input maximum/minimum calculations using the formats below, and solve for the maximum and minimum of a function within interval

a < x < b.

u Minimum Value

K4(CALC)6(g)1(FMin) f (x) , a , b , n !/( ) ) (

a: start point of interval, b: end point of interval, n: precision ( n = 1 to 9))

3-26

u Maximum Value

K4(CALC)6(g)2(FMax) f (x), a , b , n !/( ) ) (

a: start point of interval, b: end point of interval, n: precision ( n = 1 to 9))

Example To determine the minimum value for the interval defined by start

point

y = x

Input

f (x).

AK4(CALC)6(g)1(FMin)a5(U-Z)4(X)x-e4(X) +j,

a = 0 and end point b = 3, with a precision of n = 6 for the function

– 4 x + 9

Input the interval

a,d,

Input the precision

g!/( ) )w

• In the function through Z excluding X, r, Ƨ) are treated as constants, and the value currently assigned to that variable is applied during the calculation.

• Input of

• Discontinuous points or sections with drastic fluctuation can adversely affect precision or even cause an error.

• Inputting a larger value for the amount of time required to perform the calculation.

• The value you input for the end point of the interval ( input for the start point ( a). Otherwise an error occurs.

• You can interrupt an ongoing maximum/minimum calculation by pressing the A key.

n and the closing parenthesis can be omitted.

a = 0, b = 3.

n = 6.

f (x), only X can be used as a variable in expressions. Other variables (A

n increases the precision of the calculation, but it also increases

b) must be greater than the value you

• You can input an integer in the range of 1 to 9 for the value of range causes an error.

• You cannot use a differential, quadratic differential, integration, Σ , maximum/minimum value, Solve, RndFix or log term.

b calculation expression inside of a maximum/minimum calculation

3-27

n. Using any value outside this

6. Complex Number Calculations

You can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, parentheses calculations, function calculations, and memory calculations with complex numbers just as you do with the manual calculations described on pages 3-1 to 3-13.

You can select the complex number calculation mode by changing the Complex Mode item on the Setup screen to one of the following settings.

• { Real} ... Calculation in the real number range only*

• { a+bi} ... Performs complex number calculation and displays results in rectangular form

• {

r∠ Ƨ} ... Performs complex number calculation and displays results in polar form*

*1When there is an imaginary number in the argument, however, complex number calculation

is performed and the result is displayed using rectangular form. Examples: ln 2

i = 0.6931471806 + 1.570796327 i

ln 2 i + ln (– 2) = (Non-Real ERROR)

The display range of Ƨ depends on the angle unit set for the Angle item on the Setup

screen.

• Deg ... –180 <

• Rad ... – π <

• Gra ... –200 <

Press K3(CPLX) to display the complex calculation number menu, which contains the following items.

• {

i} ... {imaginary unit i input}

Ƨ < 180

Ƨ < π

Ƨ < 200

• { Abs}/{Arg} ... obtains {absolute value}/{argument}

• { Conj} ... {obtains conjugate}

• { ReP}/{ImP} ... {real}/{imaginary} part extraction

• { '

r∠ Ƨ}/{'a+bi} ... converts the result to {polar}/{rectangular} form

• Solutions obtained by the Real, calculations when x < 0 and y = m/n when n is an odd number.

Example: 3

= 1 + 1.732050808 i ( a+bi) = 2 ∠ 60 ( r∠ Ƨ)

• To input the “ ∠ ” operator into the polar coordinate expression ( (CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c(∠ )w.

' (– 8) = – 2 (Real)

a+bi and r∠ Ƨ modes are different for power root (

r∠ Ƨ), press !a

3-28

k Arithmetic Operations [OPTN]-[CPLX]-[i]

Arithmetic operations are the same as those you use for manual calculations. You can even use parentheses and memory.

Example (1 + 2

AK3(CPLX) !*( ( )b+c1( +!*( ( )c+d1( !/( ) )w

i) + (2 + 3 i)

i)!/( ) )

k Reciprocals, Square Roots, and Squares

Example (3 + i)

AK3(CPLX) !x(')!*( ( )d+ 1(

i)!/( ) )w

k Complex Number Format Using Polar Form

Example 2 ∠ 30 × 3 ∠ 45 = 6 ∠ 75

!m(SET UP) cc1(Deg)c 3(

r∠ Ƨ)J

Ac!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL) 4(9)c~c(∠ )wda*d !a(CATALOG) ( ∠ )1(INPUT)efw

k Absolute Value and Argument [OPTN]-[CPLX]-[Abs]/[Arg]

The unit regards a complex number in the form and calculates absolute value ⎮ Z ⎮ and argument (arg).

Example To calculate absolute value (

3 + 4 i, with the angle unit set for degrees

Imaginary axis

a + bi as a coordinate on a Gaussian plane,

r) and argument ( Ƨ) for the complex number

3-29

Real axis

AK3(CPLX)2(Abs) !*( ( )d+e1( (Calculation of absolute value)

AK3(CPLX)3(Arg) !*( ( )d+e1( (Calculation of argument)

• The result of the argument calculation differs in accordance with the current angle unit setting (degrees, radians, grads).

i)!/( ) )w

k Conjugate Complex Numbers [OPTN]-[CPLX]-[Conj]

A complex number of the form

a – bi.

Example To calculate the conjugate complex number for the complex number

2 + 4

AK3(CPLX)4(Conj)

a + bi becomes a conjugate complex number of the form

!*( ( )c+e1(

i)!/( ) )w

k Extraction of Real and Imaginary Parts [OPTN]-[CPLX]-[ReP]/[lmP]

Use the following procedure to extract the real part number of the form a + b i.

Example To extract the real and imaginary parts of the complex number 2 + 5

AK3(CPLX)6(g)1(ReP) !*( ( )c+f6(g)1( !/( ) )w

(Real part extraction)

AK3(CPLX)6(g)2(ImP) !*( ( )c+f6(g)1( !/( ) )w

(Imaginary part extraction)

a and the imaginary part b from a complex

k Polar and Rectangular Form Transformation [OPTN]-[CPLX]-['r∠ Ƨ]/['a+bi]

Use the following procedure to transform a complex number displayed in rectangular form to polar form, and vice versa.

3-30

Example To transform the rectangular form of complex number 1 + '3

polar form

!m(SET UP) cc1(Deg)c 2(

a+bi)J

Ab+!*( ( )!x(')d !/( ) )K3(CPLX)

i to its

• The input/output range of complex numbers is normally 10 digits for the mantissa and two digits for the exponent.

• When a complex number has more than 21 digits, the real part and imaginary part are displayed on separate lines.

• The following functions can be used with complex numbers.

, x–1, ^( xy),3',x', In, log, log ab, 10 x, ex, Int, Frac, Rnd, Intg, RndFix(, Fix, Sci, ENG,

ENG, ° ’ ”,

° ’ ”

i)6(g)3('r∠

Ac!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL) 4(9)c~c 6(g)4(

/c, d/c

(∠ )wgaK3(CPLX)

'a+bi)w

7. Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers

You can use the RUN • MAT mode and binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal settings to perform calculations that involve binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal values. You can also convert between number systems and perform bitwise operations.

• You cannot use scientific functions in binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal calculations.

• You can use only integers in binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal calculations, which

means that fractional values are not allowed. If you input a value that includes a decimal part, the calculator automatically cuts off the decimal part.

• If you attempt to enter a value that is invalid for the number system (binary, octal, decimal,

hexadecimal) you are using, the calculator displays an error message. The following shows the numerals that can be used in each number system.

Binary: 0, 1 Octal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Hexadecimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

• Negative binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are produced using the two’s complement of

the original value.

• The following are the display capacities for each of the number systems.

Number System Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal

Display Capacity 16 digits 11 digits 10 digits 8 digits

3-31

• The alphabetic characters used in the hexadecimal number appear differently on the display

to distinguish them from text characters.

Normal Text ABCDEF

Hexadecimal Values

Keys

• The following are the calculation ranges for each of the number systems. Binary Values Positive: 0 <

Negative: 1000000000000000 < Octal Values

Positive: 0 < Negative: 20000000000 < Decimal Values

Positive: 0 < Negative: –2147483648 < Hexadecimal Values

Positive: 0 < Negative: 80000000 <

uvwxy z

4(HEX)

1(A)

4(HEX)

2(B)

4(HEX)

3(C)

4(HEX)

4(D)

4(HEX)

5(E)

x < 111111111111111

x < 1111111111111111

x < 17777777777

x < 37777777777

x < 2147483647

x < –1

x < 7FFFFFFF

x < FFFFFFFF

4(HEX)

6(F)

u To perform a binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal calculation

[SET UP] -[Mode]-[Dec]/[Hex]/[Bin]/[Oct]

1. In the Main Menu, select RUN • MAT .

2. Press !m(SET UP). Move the highlighting to “Mode”, and then specify the default

number system by pressing 2(Dec), 3(Hex), 4(Bin), or 5(Oct) for the Mode setting.

3. Press J to change to the screen for calculation input. This causes a function menu with

the following items to appear.

• { d~o}/{LOG}/{DISP}/{HEX} ... {number system specification}/{bitwise operation}/

{decimal/hexadecimal/binary/octal conversion}/{hexadecimal letter (A through F) input} menu

k Selecting a Number System

You can specify decimal, hexadecimal, binary, or octal as the default number system using the Setup screen.

u To specify a number system for an input value

You can specify a number system for each individual value you input. Press 1(d~o) to display a menu of number system symbols. Press the function key that corresponds to the symbol you want to select and then input the value.

• { d}/{h}/{b}/{o} ... {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal}

3-32

u To input values of mixed number systems

Example To input 123 10, when the default number system is hexadecimal

!m(SET UP) Move the highlighting to “Mode”, and then

press 3(Hex)J.

A1(d~o)1(d)bcdw

k Negative Values and Bitwise Operations

Press 2(LOG) to display a menu of negation and bitwise operators.

• { Neg} ... {negation}*

• { Not}/{and}/{or}/{xor}/{xnor} ... {NOT}* 2/{AND}/{OR}/{XOR}/{XNOR}*

*1 two’s complement

one’s complement (bitwise complement)

bitwise AND, bitwise OR, bitwise XOR, bitwise XNOR

u Negative Values

Example To determine the negative of 110010 2

!m(SET UP) Move the highlighting to “Mode”, and then

press 4(Bin)J. A2(LOG)1(Neg) bbaabaw

• Negative binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are produced by taking the binary two’s

complement and then returning the result to the original number base. With the decimal number base, negative values are displayed with a minus sign.

u Bitwise Operations

Example To input and execute “120 16 and AD 16”

!m(SET UP) Move the highlighting to “Mode”, and then

press 3(Hex)J. Abca2(LOG) 3(and)J4(HEX)1(A)4(D)w

k Number System Transformation

Press 3(DISP) to display a menu of number system transformation functions.

• {

'Dec}/{'Hex}/{'Bin}/{'Oct} ... transformation of displayed value to its {decimal}/

{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal} equivalent

3-33

u To convert a displayed value from one number system to another

Example To convert 22 10 (default number system) to its binary or octal value

A!m(SET UP) Move the highlighting to “Mode”, and then

press 2(Dec)J.

1(d~o)1(d)ccw

J3(DISP)3('Bin)w

4('Oct)w

8. Matrix Calculations

From the Main Menu, enter the RUN•MAT mode, and press 1('MAT) to perform Matrix calculations.

26 matrix memories (Mat A through Mat Z) plus a Matrix Answer Memory (MatAns), make it possible to perform the following matrix operations.

• Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division

• Scalar multiplication calculations

• Determinant calculations

• Matrix transposition

• Matrix inversion

• Matrix squaring

• Raising a matrix to a specific power

• Absolute value, integer part extraction, fractional part extraction, maximum integer

calculations

• Inputting complex numbers in matrix elements and using complex number related functions

• Matrix modification using matrix commands The maximum number of rows that can be specified for a matrix is 999, and the maximum

number of columns is 999.

About Matrix Answer Memory (MatAns)

• The calculator automatically stores matrix calculation results in Matrix Answer Memory. Note

the following points about Matrix Answer Memory.

• Whenever you perform a matrix calculation, the current Matrix Answer Memory contents are

replaced by the new result. The previous contents are deleted and cannot be recovered.

• Inputting values into a matrix does not affect Matrix Answer Memory contents.

3-34

k Inputting and Editing Matrices

Pressing 1('MAT) displays the Matrix Editor screen. Use the Matrix Editor to input and edit matrices.

None… no matrix preset

• { DEL}/{DEL

• { DIM} ... {specifies the matrix dimensions (number of cells)}

• {CSV} ... {transfers data between matrices and CSV files}

•

A} ... deletes {a specific matrix}/{all matrices}

m × n … m (row) × n (column) matrix

u Creating a Matrix

To create a matrix, you must first define its dimensions (size) in the Matrix Editor. Then you can input values into the matrix.

u To specify the dimensions (size) of a matrix

Example To create a 2-row × 3-column matrix in the area named Mat B

Highlight Mat B. c

3(DIM) (This step can be omitted.) Specify the number of rows.

Specify the number of columns.

• All of the cells of a new matrix contain the value 0.

• Changing the dimensions of a matrix deletes its current contents.

• If “Memory ERROR” remains next to the matrix area name after you input the dimensions, it

means there is not enough free memory to create the matrix you want.

u To input cell values

Example To input the following data into Matrix B:

1 2 3

1 2 3 4 5 6

4 5 6

3-35

The following operation is a continuation of the example calculation in “To specify the dimensions (size) of a matrix”.

bwcwdw ewfwgw (Data is input into the highlighted cell. Each

time you press w, the highlighting moves to the next cell to the right.)

• Displayed cell values show positive integers up to six digits, and negative integers up to five

digits (one digit used for the negative sign). Exponential values are shown with up to two digits for the exponent. Fractional values are not displayed.

u Deleting Matrices

You can delete either a specific matrix or all matrices in memory.

u To delete a specific matrix

1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display, use f and c to highlight the matrix you want to

delete.

2. Press 1(DEL).

3. Press 1(Yes) to delete the matrix or 6(No) to abort the operation without deleting

anything.

u To delete all matrices

1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display, press 2(DEL• A).

2. Press 1(Yes) to delete all matrices in memory or 6(No) to abort the operation without

deleting anything.

k Matrix Cell Operations

Use the following procedure to prepare a matrix for cell operations.

1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display, use f and c to highlight the name of the matrix

you want to use. You can jump to a specific matrix by inputting the letter that corresponds to the matrix name. Inputting a3(K-O)4(N), for example, jumps to Mat N. Pressing K jumps to the matrix current memory.

2. Press w and the function menu with the following items appears.

• { R-OP} ... {row operation menu}

• { ROW}

• { DEL}/{INS}/{ADD} ... row {delete}/{insert}/{add}

• { COL}

• { DEL}/{INS}/{ADD} ... column {delete}/{insert}/{add}

• { EDIT} ... {cell editing screen}

All of the following examples use Matrix A.

3-36

u Row Calculations

The following menu appears whenever you press 1(R-OP) while a recalled matrix is on the display.

• { Swap} ... {row swap}

• { × Rw} ... {product of specified row and scalar}

• { × Rw+} ... {addition of one row and the product of a specified row with a scalar}

• { Rw+} ... {addition of specified row to another row}

u To swap two rows

Example To swap rows two and three of the following matrix:

All of the operation examples are performed using the following matrix.

1 2

Matrix A =

1(R-OP)1(Swap)

3 4

5 6

Input the number of the rows you want to swap. cwdww

u To calculate the scalar multiplication of a row

Example To calculate the product of row 2 and the scalar 4

1(R-OP)2(× Rw) Input multiplier value.* ew Specify row number. cww * A complex number also can be input as multiplier value (k).

u To calculate the scalar multiplication of a row and add the result to another

row

Example To calculate the product of row 2 and the scalar 4, then add the result to

row 3

1(R-OP)3(× Rw+) Input multiplier value.* ew Specify number of row whose product should be calculated. cw Specify number of row where result should be added.

dww * A complex number also can be input as multiplier value (k).

3-37

u To add two rows together

Example To add row 2 to row 3

1(R-OP)4(Rw+) Specify number of row to be added.

cw Specify number of row to be added to.

dww

u Row Operations

• { DEL} ... {delete row}

• { INS} ... {insert row}

• { ADD} ... {add row}

u To delete a row

Example To delete row 2

2(ROW)c

1(DEL)

u To insert a row

Example To insert a new row between rows one and two

2(ROW)c 2(INS)

u To add a row

Example To add a new row below row 3

2(ROW)cc 3(ADD)

3-38

u Column Operations

• { DEL} ... {delete column}

• { INS} ... {insert column}

• { ADD} ... {add column}

u To delete a column

Example To delete column 2

3(COL)e 1(DEL)

k Transferring Data between Matrices and CSV Files

You can import the contents of a CSV file stored with this calculator or transferred from a computer into one of the matrix memories (Mat A through Mat Z, and MatAns). You also can save the contents of one of the matrix memories (Mat A through Mat Z, and MatAns) as a CSV file.

u To import the contents of a CSV file to a matrix memory

1. Prepare the CSV file you want to import.

• See “Import CSV File Requirements” (page 4-13).

2. While the Matrix Editor is on the display, use f and c to highlight the name of the matrix

to which you want to import the CSV file contents.

• If the matrix you select already contains data, performing the following steps will overwrite its current contents with the newly imported CSV file data.

3. Press 4(CSV)1(LOAD).

• This will display a dialog box for specifying whether a CSV file should be imported from storage memory or the SD card.

4. Select b(Storage Mem) to select storage memory, or c(SD Card) to select the SD card.

• Pressing w in the next step will overwrite the specified matrix memory data with the CSV file data.

5. On the select file dialog box that appears, use f and c to move the highlighting to the file you want to import and then press w.

• This imports the contents of the CSV file you specified to the matrix memory.

Important!

Attempting to import the following types of CSV files will result in an error.

• A CSV file that includes data that cannot be converted. In this case, an error message will

appear showing the location in the CSV file (Example: row 2, column 3) where the data that cannot be converted is located.

• A CSV file with more than 999 columns or 999 rows. In this case, an “Invalid Data Size” error

will occur.

3-39

u To save matrix contents as a CSV file

1. While the Matrix Editor is on the display, use f and c to highlight the name of the matrix whose contents you want to save as a CSV file.

2. Press 4(CSV)2(SV

• This will display a dialog box for specifying whether the CSV file should be saved to

storage memory or the SD card.

3. Select b(Storage Mem) to select storage memory, or c(SD Card) to select the SD card.

• This displays a folder selection screen.

4. Select the folder where you want to save the CSV file.

• To store the CSV file in the root directory, highlight “ROOT”.

• To store the CSV file in a folder, use f and c to move the highlighting to the desired

folder and then press 1(OPEN).

5. Press 1(SV

6. Input up to eight characters for the file name and then press w.

•

AS).

•

AS).

Important!

• When saving matrix data to a CSV file, some data is converted as described below.

- Complex number data: Only the real number part is extracted.

- Fraction data: Converted to calculation line format (Example: 2{3{4 → =2+3/4)

u To specify the CSV file delimiter symbol and decimal point

While the Matrix Editor is on the display, press 4(CSV)3(SET) to display the CSV format setting screen. Next, perform the procedure from step 3 under “Specifying the CSV File Delimiter Symbol and Decimal Point” (page 4-15).

k Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands [OPTN]-[MAT]

u To display the matrix commands

1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MAT mode.

2. Press K to display the option menu.

3. Press 2(MAT) to display the matrix command menu.

The following describes only the matrix command menu items that are used for creating matrices and inputting matrix data.

• { Mat} ... {Mat command (matrix specification)}

• { M→ L} ... {Mat → List command (assign contents of selected column to list file)}

• { Aug} ... {Augment command (link two matrices)}

• { Iden} ... {Identity command (identity matrix input)}

• { Dim} ... {Dim command (dimension check)}

• { Fill} ... {Fill command (identical cell values)}

3-40

u Matrix Data Input Format [OPTN]-[MAT] -[Mat]

The following shows the format you should use when inputting data to create a matrix using the Mat command.

a11

a12... a

a11 a12... a

a21 a22... a

...

am1 a

... a

...

= [ [a

, a 12, ..., a

] [a 21, a 22, ..., a

] .... [a

, a

, ..., a mn] ]

→ Mat [letter A through Z]

1 3 5

Example To input the following data as Matrix A:

1 3 5 2 4 6

2 4 6

!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9) c~c( [ )w!a(CATALOG) ( [ ) 1(INPUT)b,d,f !a(CATALOG)c( ] )1(INPUT) !a(CATALOG)f( [ )1(INPUT)

c,e,g

!a(CATALOG)c( ] )1(INPUT) !a(CATALOG) ( ] )1(INPUT)!K(→)

K2(MAT)1(Mat)a1(A-E)1(A)

Matrix name

• The maximum value of both m and n is 999.

• An error occurs if memory becomes full as you are inputting data.

• You can also use the above format inside a program that inputs matrix data.

u To input an identity matrix [OPTN]-[MAT] -[Iden]

Use the Identity command to create an identity matrix.

Example To create a 3 × 3 identity matrix as Matrix A

K2(MAT)6(g)1(Iden) d!K(→)6(g)1(Mat)a

Number of rows/columns

1(A-E)1(A)w

u To check the dimensions of a matrix [OPTN]-[MAT] -[Dim]

Use the Dim command to check the dimensions of an existing matrix.

3-41

Example 1 To check the dimensions of Matrix A

K2(MAT)6(g)2(Dim) 6(g)1(Mat)a1(A-E)1(A)w

The display shows that Matrix A consists of two rows and three columns. Since the result of the Dim command is list type data, it is stored in ListAns Memory.

You can also use {Dim} to specify the dimensions of the matrix.

Example 2 To specify dimensions of 2 rows and 3 columns for Matrix B

!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9) c~c( { )wc,d !a(CATALOG)c( } ) 1(INPUT)!K(→)K2(MAT) 6(g)2(Dim)6(g)1(Mat) a1(A-E)2(B)w

u Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands

You can also use matrix commands to assign values to and recall values from an existing matrix, to fill in all cells of an existing matrix with the same value, to combine two matrices into a single matrix, and to assign the contents of a matrix column to a list file.

u To assign values to and recall values from an existing matrix

[OPTN]-[MAT] -[Mat]

Use the following format with the Mat command to specify a cell for value assignment and recall.

Mat X [ X = matrix name (A through Z, or Ans)

m = row number n = column number

Example 1 To assign 10 to the cell at row 1, column 2 of the following matrix:

Matrix A =

m, n]

1 2

3 4

5 6

ba!K(→)K2(MAT)1(Mat) a1(A-E)1(A)!a(CATALOG) a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c( [ )w b,c!a(CATALOG)c( ] ) 1(INPUT)w

3-42

Example 2 Multiply the value in the cell at row 2, column 2 of the above matrix by 5

K2(MAT)1(Mat)a1(A-E)1(A) !a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9) c~c( [ )wc,c !a(CATALOG)c( ] )1(INPUT)*fw

u To fill a matrix with identical values and to combine two matrices into a

single matrix

Use the Fill command to fill all the cells of an existing matrix with an identical value and the Augment command to combine two existing matrices into a single matrix.

Example 1 To fill all of the cells of Matrix A with the value 3

K2(MAT)6(g)3(Fill)

d,6(g)1(Mat) a1(A-E)1(A)wJJ 1(Mat)a1(A-E)1(A)w

[OPTN]-[MAT] -[Fill]/[Aug]

Example 2 To combine the following two matrices:

A =

K2(MAT)5(Aug) 1(Mat)a1(A-E)1(A),JJ 1(Mat)a1(A-E)2(B)w

• The two matrices you combine must have the same number of rows. An error occurs if you

try to combine two matrices that have different number of rows.

• You can use Matrix Answer Memory to assign the results of the above matrix input and edit

operations to a matrix variable. To do so, use the following syntax.

Fill (

n, Mat

Augment (Mat In the above, α ,β , andγ are any variable names A through Z, and n is any value.

The above does not affect the contents of Matrix Answer Memory.

)

, Matβ ) → Mat

B =

u To assign the contents of a matrix column to a list [OPTN]-[MAT] -[M→ L]

Use the following format with the Mat → List command to specify a column and a list. Mat → List (Mat X, X = matrix name (A through Z)

Example To assign the contents of column 2 of the following matrix to list 1:

Matrix A =

m = column number n = list number

m) → List n

1 2

3 4

5 6

3-43

K2(MAT)2(M→ L)1(Mat) a1(A-E)1(A),c!/( ) ) !K(→)K1(LIST)1(List)bw 1(List)bw

k Matrix Calculations [OPTN]-[MAT]

Use the matrix command menu to perform matrix calculation operations.

u To display the matrix commands

1. From the Main Menu, enter the RUN • MAT mode.

2. Press K to display the option menu.

3. Press 2(MAT) to display the matrix command menu.

The following describes only the matrix commands that are used for matrix arithmetic operations.

• { Mat} ... {Mat command (matrix specification)}

• { Det} ... {Det command (determinant command)}

• { Trn } ... {Trn command (transpose matrix command)}

• { Iden} ... {Identity command (identity matrix input)}

• { Ref} ... {Ref command (row echelon form command)}

• { Rref} ... {Rref command (reduced row echelon form command)}

All of the following examples assume that matrix data is already stored in memory.

u Matrix Arithmetic Operations [OPTN]-[MAT] -[Mat]/[Iden]

Example 1 To add the following two matrices (Matrix A + Matrix B):

A =

AK2(MAT)1(Mat) a1(A-E)1(A)+JJ 1(Mat)a1(A-E)2(B)w

2 1

B =

2 3

2 1

Example 2 To multiply the two matrices in Example 1 (Matrix A × Matrix B)

AK2(MAT)1(Mat) a1(A-E)1(A)*JJ 1(Mat)a1(A-E)2(B)w

• The two matrices must have the same dimensions in order to be added or subtracted. An

error occurs if you try to add or subtract matrices of different dimensions.

• For multiplication (Matrix 1 × Matrix 2), the number of columns in Matrix 1 must match the

number of rows in Matrix 2. Otherwise, an error occurs.

3-44

u Determinant [OPTN]-[MAT] -[Det]

Example Obtain the determinant for the following matrix:

1 2 3

Matrix A =

4 5 6

−1 −2 0

K2(MAT)3(Det)1(Mat) a1(A-E)1(A)w

• Determinants can be obtained only for square matrices (same number of rows and columns).

Trying to obtain a determinant for a matrix that is not square produces an error.

• The determinant of a 2 × 2 matrix is calculated as shown below.

a11a

| A | =

a21a

=a11a22–a12a

• The determinant of a 3 × 3 matrix is calculated as shown below.

|A| =

a11a12a a21a22a a31a32a

= a11a22a33 + a12a23a31 + a13a21a

– a

11a23a32

– a12a21a33 – a13a22a

u Matrix Transposition [OPTN]-[MAT] -[Trn]

A matrix is transposed when its rows become columns and its columns become rows.

Example To transpose the following matrix:

1 2

Matrix A =

3 4

5 6

K2(MAT)4(Trn)1(Mat) a1(A-E)1(A)w

u Row Echelon Form [OPTN]-[MAT] -[Ref]

This command uses the Gaussian elimination algorithm to find the row echelon form of a matrix.

Example To find the row echelon form of the following matrix:

1 2 3

Matrix A =

4 5 6

K2(MAT)6(g)4(Ref) 6(g)1(Mat)a1(A-E)1(A)w

3-45

u Reduced Row Echelon Form [OPTN]-[MAT] -[Rref]

This command finds the reduced row echelon form of a matrix.

Example To find the reduced row echelon form of the following matrix:

2 −1 3 19

1 1 −5 −21

Matrix A =

K2(MAT)6(g)5(Rref) 6(g)1(Mat)a1(A-E)1(A)w

• The row echelon form and reduced row echelon form operation may not produce accurate

results due to dropped digits.

1 1 −5 −21

0 4 3 0

u Matrix Inversion [x

Example To invert the following matrix:

1 2

Matrix A =

K2(MAT)1(Mat) a1(A-E)1(A)!a(CATALOG) a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c(–1)ww

• Only square matrices (same number of rows and columns) can be inverted. Trying to invert a

matrix that is not square produces an error.

• A matrix with a determinant of zero cannot be inverted. Trying to invert a matrix with

determinant of zero produces an error.

• Calculation precision is affected for matrices whose determinant is near zero.

• A matrix being inverted must satisfy the conditions shown below.

A A–1 = A–1 A = E =

1 0 0 1

3 4

–1

]

The following shows the formula used to invert Matrix A into inverse matrix A –1.

a b c d

ad – bc

d–b

–c a

A =

A–1=

Note that ad – bc ≠ 0.

3-46

u Squaring a Matrix [x

Example To square the following matrix:

1 2

Matrix A =

K2(MAT)1(Mat)a1(A-E) 1(A)xw

3 4

u Raising a Matrix to a Power [^]

Example To raise the following matrix to the third power:

1 2

Matrix A =

K2(MAT)1(Mat)a1(A-E) 1(A)!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)

3 4

]

4(9)c~c(^)wdw

• For matrix power calculations, calculation is possible up to a power of 32766.

u Determining the Absolute Value, Integer Part, Fraction Part, and Maximum

Integer of a Matrix

Example To determine the absolute value of the following matrix:

1 –2

Matrix A =

K6(g)4(NUM)1(Abs) K2(MAT)1(Mat) a1(A-E)1(A)w

–3 4

[OPTN]-[NUM]-[Abs]/[Frac]/[Int]/[Intg]

u Complex Number Calculations with a Matrix

Example To determine the absolute value of a matrix with the following complex

number elements:

–1 + i 1 +

Matrix D =

AK6(g)4(NUM)1(Abs) K2(MAT)1(Mat)a1(A-E)

4(D)w

1 + i –2 + 2



3-47

• The following complex number functions are supported in matrices.

i, Abs, Arg, Conjg, ReP, ImP

Matrix Calculation Precautions

• Determinants and inverse matrices are subject to error due to dropped digits.

• Matrix operations are performed individually on each cell, so calculations may require

considerable time to complete.

• The calculation precision of displayed results for matrix calculations is ± 1 at the least

significant digit.

• If a matrix calculation result is too large to fit into Matrix Answer Memory, an error occurs.

• You can use the following operation to transfer Matrix Answer Memory contents to another

matrix (or when Matrix Answer Memory contains a determinant to a variable).

MatAns → Mat In the above, α is any variable name A through Z. The above does not affect the contents of

Matrix Answer Memory.

9. Metric Conversion Calculations

You can convert values from one unit of measurement to another. Measurement units are classified according to the following 11 categories. The indicators in the “Display Name” column show the text that appears in the calculator’s function menu.

Display Name Category Display Name Category Display Name Category

LENG Length TMPR Temperature PRES Pressure

AREA Area VELO Velocity ENGY Energy/Work

VLUM Volume MASS Mass PWR Power

TIME Time FORC Force/Weight

You can convert from any unit in a category to any other unit in the same category.

• Attempting to convert from a unit in one category (such as “AREA”) to a unit in another

category (such as “TIME”) results in a Conversion ERROR.

• See the “Unit Conversion Command List” (page 3-50) for information about the units

included in each category.

k Performing a Unit Conversion Calculation [OPTN]-[CONV]

Input the value you are converting from and the conversion commands using the syntax shown below to perform a unit conversion calculation.

{value converting from}{conversion command 1} ' {conversion command 2}

• Use {conversion command 1} to specify the unit being converted from and {conversion

command 2} to specify the unit being converted to.

• ' is a command that links the two conversion commands. This command is always available

at 1(') of the Conversion menu.

3-48

• Real numbers or a list that contains real number elements only can be used as the value

being converted from. When values being converted from are input into a list (or when list memory is specified), conversion calculation is performed for each element in the list and calculation results are returned in list format (ListAns screen).

• A complex number cannot be used as a value to be converted from. An error occurs if even

a single element of a list being used as the value being converted from contains a complex number.

Example 1 To convert 50cm to inches

AfaK6(g)1(CONV)2(LENG) f(cm)1(')2(LENG)ec(in)w

Example 2 To convert {175, 162, 180} square meters to hectares

A!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL) 4(9)c~c( { )wbhf,bg c,bia!a(CATALOG) c( } )wK6(g)1(CONV)3(AREA) c(m

)1(')3(AREA)d(ha)w

3-49

k Unit Conversion Command List

Cat. Display Name Unit Cat. Display Name Unit

Length

fm fermi

cubic centimeter

Å angstrom mL milliliter

mm millimeter m

cm centimeter in

m meter ft

micrometer L liter

cubic meter

cubic inch

cubic foot

km kilometer fl_oz(UK) ounce

AU astronomical unit fl_oz(US) fluid ounce (U.S.)

l.y. light year gal(US) gallon

Volume

pc parsec gal(UK) UK gallon

Mil 1/1000 inch pt pint

in inch qt quart

ft foot tsp teaspoon

yd yard tbsp tablespoon

Area

fath fathom cup cup

rd rod

mile mile

ns nanosecond

microsecond

n mile nautical mile ms millisecond

square centimeter s second

square meter min minute

ha hectare h hour

Time

square kilometer day day

square inch week week

square foot yr year

square yard s-yr sidereal year

acre acre t-yr tropical year

mile

square mile

mu(CN)

஼

3-50

Cat. Display Name Unit Cat. Display Name Unit

°C degrees Celsius

K Kelvin kPa Kilo Pascal

°F degrees Fahrenheit mmH

Temperature

°R degrees Rankine mmHg millimeter of Mercury

m/s meter per second atm atmosphere

km/h kilometer per hour inH

knot knot inHg inch of Mercury

Velocity

ft/s foot per second lbf/in

mile/h mile per hour bar bar

u atomic mass unit kgf/cm

mg milligram

g gram J Joule

Pressure

Pa Pascal

O millimeter of water

O inch of water

pound per square inch

kilogram force per square centimeter

eV electron Volt

kg kilogram cal

mton metric ton cal

Mass

oz avoirdupois ounce cal

lb pound mass kcal

slug slug kcal

ton(short) ton, short (2000lbm) kcal

ton(long) ton, long (2240lbm) l-atm liter atmosphere

N newton kW•h kilowatt hour

lbf pound of force ft

tonf ton of force Btu British thermal unit

Force/Weight

dyne dyne erg erg

kgf kilogram of force kgf

Energy/Work

•

lbf foot-pound

•

W watt

cal

calorie

calorie (15°C)

calorie

kilocalorie

kilocalorie (15°C)

kilocalorie

m kilogram force meter

/s calorie per second

hp horsepower

Power

•

lbf/s

Btu/min

Source: NIST Special Publication 811 (2008). However, “MU (CN)” (1[m

foot-pound per second

British thermal unit per minute

] = 0.0015[஼]) is in accordance with the “Chinese system of measurements” (1930) of the People’s Republic of China).

3-51

Chapter 4 List Function

A list is a storage place for multiple data items. This calculator lets you store up to 26 lists in a single file, and you can store up to six files in memory. Stored lists can be used in arithmetic and statistical calculations, and for graphing.

Element number Display range Cell Column

List 1 List 2 List 3 List 4 List 5 List 26

SUB

1 2 37 2 75 6 0 0

2 37 2 75 6 0 0 3 21 4 122 2.1 0 0

3 21 4 122 2.1 0 0 4 69 8 87 4.4 2 0

4 69 8 87 4.4 2 0 5 40 16 298 3 0 0

5 40 16 298 3 0 0

64832486.8 3 0

64832486.8 3 0 7 93 64 338 2 9 0

7 93 64 338 2 9 0 8 30 128 49 8.7 0 0

8 30 128 49 8.7 0 0

•

• •••••

56 1 107 3.5 4 0

••••••

•

List name Sub name

Row

1. Inputting and Editing a List

When you enter the STAT mode, the “List Editor” will appear first. You can use the List Editor to input data into a list and to perform a variety of other list data operations.

u To input values one-by-one

Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the list name, sub name or cell you want to select. Note that c does not move the highlighting to a cell that does not contain a value.

The screen automatically scrolls when the highlighting is located at either edge of the screen. The following example is performed starting with the highlighting located at Cell 1 of List 1.

1. Input a value and press w to store it in the list.

• The highlighting automatically moves down to the next cell for input.

2. Input the value 4 in the second cell, and then input the result of 2 + 3 in the next cell.

ewc+dw

• You can also input the result of an expression or a complex number into a cell.

• You can input values up to 999 cells in a single list.

4-1

u To batch input a series of values

1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to another list.

2. Input a left brace ( { ), and then enter the values, separated by commas. After inputting all of the values you want, input a right brace ( } ).

!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9)

c~c( { )wg,h,i !a(CATALOG)c( } )w

3. Press w to store all of the values in your list.

• Remember that a comma separates values, so you should not input a comma after the final

value of the set you are inputting. Right: {34, 53, 78} Wrong: {34, 53, 78,}

You can also use list names inside of a mathematical expression to input values into another cell. The following example shows how to add the values in each row in List 1 and List 2, and input the result into List 3.

1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the name

of the list where you want the calculation results to be input.

2. Press K and input the expression.

K1(LIST)1(List)b+ K1(LIST)1(List)cw

k Editing List Values

u To change a cell value

Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the cell whose value you want to change. Input the new value and press w to replace the old data with the new one.

u To edit the contents of a cell

1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the cell whose contents you want to edit.

2. Press 6(g)2(EDIT).

4-2

3. Make any changes in the data you want.

u To delete a cell

1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the cell you want to delete.

2. Press 6(g)3(DEL) to delete the selected cell and cause everything below it to be shifted

up.

• The cell delete operation does not affect cells in other lists. If the data in the list whose cell

you delete is somehow related to the data in neighboring lists, deleting a cell can cause

related values to become misaligned.

u To delete all cells in a list

Use the following procedure to delete all the data in a list.

1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to any cell of the list whose data you want to

delete.

2. Pressing 6(g)4(DEL

3. Press 1(Yes) to delete all the cells in the selected list or 6(No) to abort the delete

operation without deleting anything.

•

A) causes a confirmation message to appear.

u To insert a new cell

1. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the location where you want to insert the

new cell.

2. Press 6(g)5(INS) to insert a new cell, which contains a value of 0, causing everything

below it to be shifted down.

• The cell insert operation does not affect cells in other lists. If the data in the list where you

insert a cell is somehow related to the data in neighboring lists, inserting a cell can cause

related values to become misaligned.

k Naming a List

You can assign List 1 through List 26 “sub names” of up to eight bytes each.

u To name a list

1. On the Setup screen, highlight “Sub Name” and then press 1(On)J.

2. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the SUB cell of the list you want to name.

4-3

3. Type in the name and then press w.

Example: YEAR

a5(U-Z)5(Y)J1(A-E)5(E) 1(A)J4(P-T)3(R)

• The following operation displays a sub name in the RUN • MAT mode.

K1(LIST)1(List) a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c( [ )wa !a(CATALOG)c( ] )ww

(

n = list number from 1 to 26)

• Though you can input up to 8 bytes for the sub name, only the characters that can fit within

the List Editor cell will be displayed.

• The List Editor SUB cell is not displayed when “Off” is selected for “Sub Name” on the Setup

screen.

n!a(CATALOG)

k Sorting List Values

You can sort lists into either ascending or descending order. The highlighting can be located in any cell of the list.

u To sort a single list

Ascending order

1. While the lists are on the screen, press 6(g)1(TOOL)1(SRT

2. The prompt “How Many Lists?:” appears to ask how many lists you want to sort. Here we

will input 1 to indicate we want to sort only one list.

3. In response to the “Select List List No:” prompt, input the number of the list you want to sort.

Descending order

Use the same procedure as that for the ascending order sort. The only difference is that you should press 2(SRT

•

D) in place of 1(SRT •A).

•

A).

u To sort multiple lists

You can link multiple lists together for a sort so that all of their cells are rearranged in accordance with the sorting of a base list. The base list is sorted into either ascending order or descending order, while the cells of the linked lists are arranged so that the relative relationship of all the rows is maintained.

4-4

Ascending order

1. While the lists are on the screen, press 6(g)1(TOOL)1(SRT

2. The prompt “How Many Lists?:” appears to ask how many lists you want to sort. Here we

will sort one base list linked to one other list, so we should input 2.

3. In response to the “Select Base List List No:” prompt, input the number of the list you want

to sort into ascending order. Here we will specify List 1.

4. In response to the “Select Second List List No:” prompt, input the number of the list you

want to link to the base list. Here we will specify List 2.

Descending order

Use the same procedure as that for the ascending order sort. The only difference is that you should press 2(SRT

• You can specify a value from 1 to 6 as the number of lists for sorting.

• If you specify a list more than once for a single sort operation, an error occurs. An error also occurs if lists specified for sorting do not have the same number of values

(rows).

•

D) in place of 1(SRT •A).

•

A).

2. Manipulating List Data

List data can be used in arithmetic and function calculations. In addition, various list data manipulation functions make manipulation of list data quick and easy.

You can use list data manipulation functions in the RUN • MAT , STAT and PRGM modes.

k Accessing the List Data Manipulation Function Menu

All of the following examples are performed after entering the RUN • MAT mode. Press K and then 1(LIST) to display the list data manipulation menu, which contains the

following items.

• {List}/{L→ M}/{Dim}/{Fill}/{Seq}/{Min}/{Max}/{Mean}/{Med}/{Aug}/{Sum}/{Prod}/{Cuml}/

{%}/{A}

Note that all closing parentheses at the end of the following operations can be omitted.

u To transfer list contents to Matrix Answer Memory [OPTN]-[LIST]-[L→ M]

K1(LIST)2(L→ M)1(List) <list number 1-26> ,1(List) <list number 1-26> ... ,1(List) <list number 1-26> !/( ) )w

• You can skip input 1(List) in the part of the above operation. Example: List → Mat (1, 2) w

• All the lists must contain the same number of data items. If they don’t, an error occurs.

4-5

Example To transfer the contents of List 1 (2, 3, 6, 5, 4) to column 1, and the

contents of List 2 (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) to column 2 of Matrix Answer Memory

AK1(LIST)2(L→ M) 1(List)b,1(List)c!/( ) )w

u To count the number of data items in a list [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Dim]

K1(LIST)3(Dim)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> w

• The number of cells a list contains is its “dimension.”

Example To count the number of values in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56)

AK1(LIST)3(Dim) 1(List)bw

u To create a list by specifying the number of data items [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Dim]

Use the following procedure to specify the number of data in the assignment statement and create a list.

<number of data

Example To create five data items (each of which contains 0) in List 1

Af!K(→)K1(LIST)3(Dim) 1(List)bw

You can view the newly created list by entering the STAT mode.

n> !K(→)K1(LIST)3(Dim)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> w

(n = 1 - 999)

u To replace all data items with the same value [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Fill]

K1(LIST)4(Fill) <value> ,1(List) <list number 1 - 26> !/( ) )w

Example To replace all data items in List 1 with the number 3

AK1(LIST)4(Fill) d,1(List)b!/( ) )w

The following shows the new contents of List 1.

4-6

u To generate a sequence of numbers [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Seq]

K1(LIST)5(Seq) <expression> , <variable name> , <start value> , <end value> , <increment> !/( ) )w

• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.

Example To input the number sequence 1

f(x) = X

. Use a starting value of 1, an ending value of 11, and an

, 6 2, 11 2, into a list, using the function

increment of 5.

AK1(LIST)5(Seq) a5(U-Z)4(X)x,4(X) ,b,bb,f!/( ) )w

Specifying an ending value of 12, 13, 14, or 15 produces the same result as shown above since they are less than the value produced by the next increment (16).

u To find the minimum value in a list [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Min]

K1(LIST)6(g)1(Min)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> !/( ) )w

Example To find the minimum value in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56)

AK1(LIST)6(g)1(Min) 6(g)6(g)1(List)b!/( ) )w

u To find which of two lists contains the greatest value [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Max]

K1(LIST)6(g)2(Max)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> ,1(List) <list number 1 - 26> !/( ) )w

• The two lists must contain the same number of data items. If they don’t, an error occurs.

• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.

Example To find whether List 1 (75, 16, 98, 46, 56) or List 2 (35, 59, 58, 72, 67)

contains the greatest value

K1(LIST)6(g)2(Max) 6(g)6(g)1(List)b, 1(List)c!/( ) )w

u To calculate the mean of data items [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Mean]

K1(LIST)6(g)3(Mean)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> !/( ) )w

Example To calculate the mean of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56)

AK1(LIST)6(g)3(Mean) 6(g)6(g)1(List)b!/( ) )w

4-7

u To calculate the median of data items of specified frequency

[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Med]

This procedure uses two lists: one that contains values and one that indicates the frequency (number of occurrences) of each value. The frequency of the data in Cell 1 of the first list is indicated by the value in Cell 1 of the second list, etc.

• The two lists must contain the same number of data items. If they don’t, an error occurs. K1(LIST)6(g)4(Med)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1 - 26 (data)> ,1(List)

<list number 1 - 26 (frequency)> !/( ) )w

Example To calculate the median of values in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56), whose

frequency is indicated by List 2 (75, 89, 98, 72, 67)

AK1(LIST)6(g)4(Med) 6(g)6(g)1(List)b, 1(List)c!/( ) )w

u To combine lists [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Aug]

• You can combine two different lists into a single list. The result of a list combination

operation is stored in ListAns memory. K1(LIST)6(g)5(Aug)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> ,1(List)

<list number 1 - 26> !/( ) )w

Example To combine the List 1 (–3, –2) and List 2 (1, 9, 10)

AK1(LIST)6(g)5(Aug) 6(g)6(g)1(List)b, 1(List)c!/( ) )w

u To calculate the sum of data items in a list [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Sum]

K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)1(Sum)6(g)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> w

Example To calculate the sum of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56)

AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)1(Sum) 6(g)1(List)bw

u To calculate the product of values in a list [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Prod]

K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)2(Prod)6(g)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> w

Example To calculate the product of values in List 1 (2, 3, 6, 5, 4)

AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)2(Prod) 6(g)1(List)bw

4-8

u To calculate the cumulative frequency of each data item [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Cuml]

K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)3(Cuml)6(g)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> w

• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.

Example To calculate the cumulative frequency of each data item in List 1

(2, 3, 6, 5, 4)

AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)3(Cuml) 6(g)1(List)bw

2+3=

2+3= 2+3+6=

2+3+6= 2+3+6+5=

2+3+6+5= 2+3+6+5+4=

2+3+6+5+4=

u To calculate the percentage represented by each data item [OPTN]-[LIST]-[%]

K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)4(%)6(g)1(List) <list number 1 - 26> w

• The above operation calculates what percentage of the list total is represented by each data

item.

• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.

Example To calculate the percentage represented by each data item in List 1

(2, 3, 6, 5, 4)

AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)4(%) 6(g)1(List)bw

× 100 =2/(2+3+6+5+4)

3/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =

3/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 = 6/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =

6/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 = 5/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =

5/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 = 4/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =

4/(2+3+6+5+4) × 100 =

× 100 =2/(2+3+6+5+4)

u To calculate the differences between neighboring data inside a list

[OPTN]-[LIST]-[A]

K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)5(A) <list number 1 - 26> w

• The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory.

Example To calculate the difference between the data items in List 1 (1, 3, 8, 5, 4)

AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)5(A) bw

3 – 1 =

3 – 1 = 8 – 3 =

8 – 3 = 5 – 8 =

5 – 8 = 4 – 5 =

4 – 5 =

4-9

• You can specify the storage location in list memory for a calculation result produced by a list

calculation whose result is stored in ListAns memory. For example, specifying “ AList 1 → List

2” will store the result of AList 1 in List 2.

• The number of cells in the new AList is one less than the number of cells in the original list.

• An error occurs if you execute AList for a list that has no data or only one data item.

3. Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists

You can perform arithmetic calculations using two lists or one list and a numeric value.

ListAns Memory

List

Numeric Value

k Error Messages

• A calculation involving two lists performs the operation between corresponding cells.

Because of this, an error occurs if the two lists do not have the same number of values

(which means they have different “dimensions”).

List

−

− ×

Numeric Value

List

Calculation results are stored in ListAns Memory.

• An error occurs whenever an operation involving any two cells generates a mathematical

error.

k Inputting a List into a Calculation

There are three methods you can use to input a list into a calculation.

• Specification of the list number of a list created with List Editor.

• Specification of the sub name of a list created with List Editor.

• Direct input of a list of values.

u To specify the list number of a list created with List Editor

1. In the RUN • MAT mode, perform the following key operation.

AK1(LIST)1(List)

• Enter the “List” command.

2. Enter the list number (integer from 1 to 26) you want to specify.

u To specify the sub name of a list created with List Editor

1. In the RUN • MAT mode, perform the following key operation.

AK1(LIST)1(List)

• Enter the “List” command.

2. Enter the sub name of the list you want to specify, enclosed in double quotes (" ").

Example: "QTY"

4-10

u To directly input a list of values

You can also directly input a list of values using {, }, and ,.

Example To input the list: 56, 82, 64

!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9) c~c( { )wfg,ic,ge !a(CATALOG)c( } )w

u To assign the contents of one list to another list

Use !K(→) to assign the contents of one list to another list.

Example To assign the contents of List 3 (41, 65, 22) to List 1

K1(LIST)1(List)d!K(→)1(List)bw

u To recall the value in a specific list cell

You can recall the value in a specific list cell and use it in a calculation. Specify the cell number by enclosing it inside square brackets.

Example To calculate the sine of the value stored in Cell 3 of List 2

sK1(LIST)1(List)c!a(CATALOG)a6(SYBL)4(9) c~c( [ )wd!a(CATALOG)c( ] )ww

u To input a value into a specific list cell

You can input a value into a specific list cell inside a list. When you do, the value that was previously stored in the cell is replaced with the new value you input.

Example To input the value 25 into Cell 2 of List 3

cf!K(→)K1(LIST)1(List)d!a(CATALOG) a6(SYBL)4(9)c~c( [ )wc!a(CATALOG)c( ] )ww

k Recalling List Contents

Example To recall the contents of List 1

K1(LIST)1(List)bw

• The above operation displays the contents of the list you specify and also stores them in

ListAns Memory. You can then use the ListAns Memory contents in a calculation.

4-11

u To use list contents in ListAns Memory in a calculation

Example To multiply the list contents in ListAns Memory by 36

K1(LIST)1(List)!K*dgw

• The operation K1(LIST)1(List)!K recalls ListAns Memory contents.

• This operation replaces current ListAns Memory contents with the result of the above

calculation.

k Performing Scientific Function Calculations Using a List

Lists can be used just as numeric values are in scientific function calculations. When the calculation produces a list as a result, the list is stored in ListAns Memory.

Example To use List 3

Use radians as the angle unit.

to perform sin (List 3)

65 22

!h(sin)K1(LIST)1(List)dw

4. Switching Between List Files

You can store up to 26 lists (List 1 to List 26) in each file (File 1 to File 6). A simple operation lets you switch between list files.

u To switch between list files

1. From the Main Menu, enter the STAT mode. Press !m(SET UP) to display the STAT mode Setup screen.

2. Use c to highlight “List File”.

3. Press 1(FILE) and then input the number of the list file you want to use.

Example To select File 3

1(FILE)d

4-12

All subsequent list operations are applied to the lists contained in the file you select (List File 3 in the above example).

5. Using CSV Files

You can import the contents of a CSV file stored with this calculator or transferred from a computer into the List Editor. You also can save the contents of all the list data in the List Editor as a CSV file. These operations are performed using the CSV function menu, which appears when you press 6(g)6(g)1(CSV) while the List Editor is on the display.

k Import CSV File Requirements

A CSV file that has been output from the List Editor, Matrix Editor (page 3-35), or Spreadsheet (page 7-1), or a CSV file transferred from a computer to storage memory can be used for import. The following types of CSV files are supported for import.

• A CSV file that uses the comma ( , ) or semi-colon ( ; ) as its delimiter, and the period ( . ) or

comma ( , ) as its decimal point. A CSV file that uses the tab as its delimiter is not supported.

• CR, LF and CRLF are supported for the line break code.

• When importing a CSV file to the calculator, if the data in Line 1 of each column of the file

(or Line 1 of Column 1 of the file) contains double quotation marks ( " ) or a single quotation

mark ( ' ), Line 1 of all of the columns of the CSV file will be ignored, and data will be input

starting from Line 2. For information about transferring files from a computer to the calculator, see “Chapter 10

Data Communication”.

k Transferring Data between Lists and CSV Files

u To import the contents of a CSV file to the List Editor

1. Prepare the CSV file you want to import.

• See “Import CSV File Requirements” described above.

2. While the List Editor is on the display, press 6(g)6(g)1(CSV) to display the CSV

function menu.

3. What you should do next depends on the type of CSV file import operation you want to

perform.

To start import from a specific row:

Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the row from which you want to start importing data and then press 1(LOAD)1(LIST).

• This will display a dialog box for specifying whether a CSV file should be imported from storage memory or the SD card.

4-13

To overwrite the entire contents of the List Editor:

Press 1(LOAD)2(FILE).

4. Select b(Storage Mem) to select storage memory, or c(SD Card) to select the SD card.

• Pressing w data.

5. On the select file dialog box that appears, use f and c to move the highlighting to the file you want to import and then press w.

• This imports the contents of the CSV file you specified to the List Editor.

• If you pressed 1(LOAD)1(LIST) in step 3, import starts from the row where the

highlighted cell is located, overwriting List Editor rows only with the same number of rows contained in the CSV file.

Examples

List Editor Original Content

List 1 List 2 List 3 List 4 List 5

Import CSV File Data

in the next step will overwrite the specified list editor data with the CSV file

22222

33333

44444

1 111

Highlighting

20 20 20

30 30 30

40 40 40

List Editor Content following Import

List 1 List 2 List 3 List 4 List 5

2303030 2

3404040 3

20 20 20 1

Important!

Attempting to import the following types of CSV files will result in an error.

• A CSV file that includes data that cannot be converted. In this case, an error message will

appear showing the location in the CSV file (Example: row 2, column 3) where the data that cannot be converted is located.

• A CSV file with more than 26 columns or 999 rows. In this case, an “Invalid Data Size” error

will occur.

4-14

u To save the contents of all the list data in the List Editor as a single CSV file

1. While the List Editor is on the display, press 6(g)6(g)1(CSV) to display the CSV function menu.

2. Press 2(SV

•

AS).

• This will display a dialog box for specifying whether the CSV file should be saved to

storage memory or the SD card.

3. Select b(Storage Mem) to select storage memory, or c(SD Card) to select the SD card.

• This displays a folder selection screen.

4. Select the folder where you want to save the CSV file.

• To store the CSV file in the root directory, highlight “ROOT”.

• To store the CSV file in a folder, use f and c to move the highlighting to the desired

folder and then press 1(OPEN).

5. Press 1(SV

•

AS).

6. Input up to eight characters for the file name and then press w.

Important!

• The sub name line of the List Editor is not saved in the CSV file.

• When saving list data to a CSV file, some data is converted as described below.

- Complex number data: Only the real number part is extracted.

- Fraction data: Converted to calculation line format (Example: 2{3{4 → =2+3/4)

k Specifying the CSV File Delimiter Symbol and Decimal Point

When importing a CSV file that has been transferred from a computer to the calculator, specify the delimiter symbol and decimal point in accordance with the settings you specified on the application when outputting the CSV file. The comma ( , ) or semi-colon ( ; ) can be specified for the delimiter, while the period ( . ) or comma ( , ) can be specified as the decimal point.

u To specify the CSV file delimiter symbol and decimal point

1. While the List Editor is on the display, press 6(g)6(g)1(CSV) to display the CSV function menu.

2. Press 3(SET).

• This displays the CSV format setting screen.

3. Use the f and c keys to move the highlighting to “CSV Separator” and then press 1( , ) or 2( ; ).

4. Use the f and c keys to move the highlighting to “CSV Decimal Symbol” and then press 1( . ) or 2( , ).

• If you specified 1( , ) in step 3, you will not be able to specify 2( , ) here.

5. After the setting is the way you want, press J.

4-15

Chapter 5 Statistical Graphs and

Calculations

Important!

This chapter contains a number of graph screen shots. In each case, new data values were input in order to highlight the particular characteristics of the graph being drawn. Note that when you try to draw a similar graph, the unit uses data values that you have input using the List function. Because of this, the graphs that appear on the screen when you perform a graphing operation will probably differ somewhat from those shown in this manual.

1. Before Performing Statistical Calculations

Entering the STAT mode from the Main Menu displays the List Editor screen. You can use the List Editor screen to input statistical data and perform statistical calculations.

Use f, c, d and e to move the highlighting around the lists.

Once you input data, you can use it to produce a graph and check for tendencies. You can also use a variety of different regression calculations to analyze the data.

• For information about using the statistical data lists, see

“Chapter 4 List Function”.

k Changing Graph Parameters

Use the following procedures to specify the graph draw/non-draw status, the graph type, and other general settings for each of the graphs in the graph menu (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3).

While the statistical data list is on the display, press 1(GRPH) to display the graph menu, which contains the following items.

• { GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3} ... graph {1}/{2}/{3} drawing*

• { SEL} ... {simultaneous graph (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3) selection} You can specify the multiple graphs.

• { SET} ... {graph settings (graph type, list assignments)}

The initial default graph type setting for all the graphs (Graph 1 through Graph 3) is scatter

diagram, but you can change to one of a number of other graph types.

1. General graph settings [GRPH]-[SET]

This section describes how to use the general graph settings screen to make the following settings for each graph (GPH1, GPH2, GPH3).

• Graph Type

The initial default graph type setting for all the graphs is scatter graph. You can select one of a variety of other statistical graph types for each graph.

5-1

• List

The initial default statistical data is List 1 for single-variable data, and List 1 and List 2 for paired-variable data. You can specify which statistical data list you want to use for

x-data and

y-data.

• Frequency

Normally, each data item or data pair in the statistical data list is represented on a graph as a point. When you are working with a large number of data items however, this can cause problems because of the number of plot points on the graph. When this happens, you can specify a frequency list that contains values indicating the number of instances (the frequency) of the data items in the corresponding cells of the lists you are using for Once you do this, only one point is plotted for the multiple data items, which makes the graph easier to read.

• Mark Type

This setting lets you specify the shape of the plot points on the graph.

x-data and y-data.

u To display the general graph settings screen [GRPH]-[SET]

Pressing 1(GRPH)6(SET) displays the general graph settings screen.

• StatGraph (statistical graph specification)

• { GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3} ... graph {1}/{2}/{3}

• Graph Type (graph type specification)

• { Scat}/{

• { Hist}/{Box}/{Bar}/{N·Dis}/{Brkn} ... {histogram}/{med-box graph}/{bar graph}/{normal

• { X}/{Med}/{X^2}/{X^3}/{X^4} ... {linear regression graph}/{Med-Med graph}/{quadratic

• { Log}/{Exp}/{Pwr}/{Sin}/{Lgst} ... {logarithmic regression graph}/{exponential regression

• XList (

• { List} ... {List 1 to 26}

• Frequency (number of times a value occurs)

• { 1} ... {1-to-1 plot}

• { List} ... {List 1 to 26}

xy}/{NPP}/{Pie} ... {scatter diagram}/{ xy line graph}/{normal probability plot}/{pie

graph}

distribution curve}/{broken line graph}

regression graph}/{cubic regression graph}/{quartic regression graph}

graph}/{power regression graph}/{sinusoidal regression graph}/{logistic regression graph}

x-axis data list)/YList ( y-axis data list)

• Mark Type (plot mark type)

• {  }/{× }/{•} ... scatter diagram plot points

When “Pie” (pie graph) is selected as the Graph Type:

• Data (Specifies the list to be used as graph data.)

• { LIST} ... {List 1 to List 26}

• Display (pie graph value display setting)

• { %}/{Data} ... For each data element {display as percentage}/{display as value}

5-2

• % Sto Mem (Specifies storage of percentage values to a list.)

• { None}/{List} ... For percentage values: {Do not store to list}/{Specify List 1 to 26 and store}

When “Box” (med-box graph) is selected as the Graph Type:

• Outliers (outliers specification)

• { On}/{Off} ... {display}/{do not display} Med-Box outliers

When “Bar” (bar graph) is selected as the Graph Type:

• Data1 (first stick data list)

• { LIST} ... {List 1 to 26}

• Data2 (second stick data list)/Data3 (third stick data list)

• { None}/{LIST} ... {none}/{List 1 to 26}

• Stick Style (stick style specification)

• { Leng}/{HZtl} ... {length}/{horizontal}

2. Graph draw/non-draw status [GRPH]-[SEL]

The following procedure can be used to specify the draw (On)/non-draw (Off) status of each of the graphs in the graph menu.

u To specify the draw/non-draw status of a graph

1. Pressing 1(GRPH)4(SEL) displays the graph On/Off screen.

• Note that the StatGraph1 setting is for Graph 1 (GPH1 of the graph menu), StatGraph2 is

for Graph 2, and StatGraph3 is for Graph 3.

2. Use the cursor keys to move the highlighting to the graph whose status you want to change, and press the applicable function key to change the status.

• { On}/{Off} ... {On (draw)}/{Off (non-draw)}

• { DRAW } ... {draws all On graphs}

3. To return to the graph menu, press J.

k Statistical Graph View Window (V-Window) Settings

View Window settings specify the range that needs to be specified when you draw a graph. View Window settings are configured automatically in the case of statistical graphs (when “Auto” is specified for the “Stat Wind” setting).

Note

• For statistical graphing, you can select either “Auto” or “Manual” for the “Stat Wind” (page

2-15) item on the setup screen to specify the View Window setting method. For information about switching between auto and manual, see “To change a mode setup” (page 2-14).

• For the View Window setting procedures you need to perform while “Manual” is selected as

the “Stat Wind” setting, see “Configuring View Window Settings Manually” in this manual (page 5-16).

• Pie graphs are always displayed in accordance with a predetermined format, regardless of

the current View Window settings.

5-3

2. Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data

Single-variable data is data with only a single variable. If you are calculating the average height of the members of a class for example, there is only one variable (height).

Single-variable statistics include distribution and sum. The following types of graphs are available for single-variable statistics.

You can also use the procedures under “Changing Graph Parameters” on page 5-1 to make the settings you want before drawing each graph.

k Normal Probability Plot

This plot compares the data accumulated ratio with a normal distribution accumulated ratio. XList specifies the list where data is input, and Mark Type is used to select from among the marks {  / × / • } you want to plot.

Press A, J or !J(QUIT) to return to the statistical data list.

k Pie Graph

You can draw a pie graph based on the data in a specific list. The maximum number of graph data items (list lines) is 20. The graph is labeled A, B, C, and so on, corresponding to lines 1, 2, 3, and so on of the list used for the graph data.

When “%” is selected for the “Display” setting on the general graph settings screen (page 5-2), a value showing the percentage is displayed for each of the alphabetic label letters.

k Histogram

XList specifies the list where the data is input, while Freq specifies the list where the data frequency is input. 1 is specified for Freq when frequency is not specified.

⇒⇒

w(DRAW)

5-4

Casio fx-FD10 Pro User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

1. BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR FOR THE FIRST TIME...

2. Handling Precautions

3. LCD and Key Back Lighting

4. Splash Resistance, Dust Resistance, and Shock Resistance

5. About this User’s Guide

Chapter 2 Basic Operation

1. Keys

2. Display

3. Inputting and Editing Calculations

4. Option (OPTN) Menu

5. Variable Data (VARS) Menu

6. Program (PRGM) Menu

7. Using the Setup Screen

Chapter 3 Manual Calculations

1. Basic Calculations

2. Special Functions

3. Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format

4. Function Calculations

5. Numerical Calculations

6. Complex Number Calculations

7. Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers

8. Matrix Calculations

9. Metric Conversion Calculations

Chapter 4 List Function

1. Inputting and Editing a List

2. Manipulating List Data

3. Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists

4. Switching Between List Files

5. Using CSV Files

1. Before Performing Statistical Calculations

2. Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data