Casio fx-7400G User Manual
Chapter
Programming
1. Before Programming
2. Programming Examples
3. Debugging a Program
4. Calculating the Number of Bytes Used by a Program
5. Searching for a File
6. Editing Program Contents
7. Deleting a Program
8. Useful Program Commands
9. Command Reference
10. Text Display
11. Using Calculator Functions in Programs
8
Programming Chapter 8
1. Before Programming
The programming function helps to make complex, often-repeated calculations quick
and easy. Commands and calculations are executed sequentially, just like the manual
calculation multistatements. Multiple programs can be stored under file names for
easy recall and editing.
File Name
Program
Select the PRGM icon in the Main Menu and enter the PRGM Mode. When you do,
a program list appears on the display.
Selected memory area
(use
f
1 (EXE) ....... Execute program
2 (EDIT) ...... Program edit
3 (NEW)...... New program
[
File Name
Program
and c to move)
File Name
Program
1234[
1234[
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1 (DEL) ....... Specific program delete
2 (DEL•A).... Delete all
3 (SRC)....... File name search
Press [ to return to the previous menu.
• If there are not programs stored in memory when you enter the PRGM Mode, the
message “No Programs” appears on the display and only the NEW item (3) is
shown in the function menu.
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Programming Chapter 8
2. Programming Examples
Example 1 To calculate the surface area and volume of three regular
octahedrons of the dimensions shown in the table below
Store the calculation formula under the file name OCTA.
Length of One Side (A) Surface Area (S) Volume (V)
7 cm cm
10 cm cm
A
15 cm cm
2
2
2
The following are the formulas used for calculating surface area S and volume V of a
regular octahedron for which the length of one side is known.
2
S = 2
3 A2, V = –––– A
3
3
When inputting a new formula, you first register the file name and then input the
actual program.
uu
uTo register a file name
uu
Example To register the file name OCTA
• Note that a file name can be up to eight characters long.
cm
cm
cm
3
3
3
1. While the program list is on the display, press 3 (NEW).
3(NEW)
1234
4 (SYBL) ..... Symbol menu
2. Input the name of the file.
OCTA
• The cursor changes form to indicate alpha character input.
• The following are the characters you can use in a file name:
A through Z, spaces, [, ], {, }, ’, ”, ~, 0 through 9, ., +, –, ×, ÷
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Programming Chapter 8
• Pressing 4 (SYBL) displays a menu of symbols that can be input.
4(SYBL)
1234
• You can delete a character while inputting a file name by moving the cursor to the
character you want to delete and pressing D.
3. Press w to register the file name and change to the program input screen.
File name
w
• Registering a file name uses 17 bytes of memory.
• The file name input screen remains on the display if you press w without input-
ting a file name.
• To exit the file name input screen and return to the program list without registering a file name, press Q.
uu
uTo input a program
uu
Use the program input screen to input the contents of a program.
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1 (TOP) ....... Top of program
2 (BTM)....... Bottom of program
3 (MENU).... Mode menu
• Pressing [ displays a menu of symbols that can be input into a program.
[
[
Press [ to return to the previous menu.
1234[
1234[
1234[
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Programming Chapter 8
uu
uTo change modes in a program
uu
• Pressing 3 (MENU) while the program input screen is on the display causes a
mode change menu to appear. You can use this menu to input mode changes into
your programs. For details on each of these modes, see “Using the Main Menu”, as
well as the sections of this manual that describe what you can do in each mode.
3(MENU)
1234
• Pressing ! Z displays a menu of commands that can be used to change set
up screen settings inside a program. For details on each of these commands, see
“To change a mode set up”.
!Z
1234[
[
1234[
[
1234[
[
1234[
[
1234[
[
1234[
Actual program contents are identical to manual calculations. The following shows
how the calculation of the surface area and volume of a regular octahedron would be
calculated using a manual calculation.
Surface Area S .. c*!9d* <value of A> xw
Volume V ........... !9c/d* <value of A> Mdw
You could also perform this calculation by assigning the value for the length of one
side to variable A.
Length of One Side A
............ <value of A> aaAw
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Programming Chapter 8
Surface Area S .. c*!9d*aAxw
Volume V ........... !9c/d*aAMdw
If you simply input the manual calculations shown above however, the calculator
would execute them from beginning to end, without stopping. The following commands make it possible to interrupt a calculation for input of values and display of
intermediate results.
?: This command pauses program execution and displays a question mark as a
prompt for input of a value to assign to a variable. The syntax for this command
is: ? → <variable name>.
^^
^: This command pauses program execution and displays the last calculation re-
^^
sult obtained or text. It is similar to pressing w in a manual calculation.
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• For full details on using these and other commands, see “Useful Program Com-
mands”.
The following shows examples of how to actually use the ? and ^ commands.
!W[1(?)aaA[2(:)
c*!9d*aAx
[[2(^)
1234
!9c/d*aAMd
QQ
uu
uTo run a program
uu
1. While the program list is on the display, use f and c to highlight the name of
the program you want to run.
2. Press 1 (EXE) or w to run the program.
Let’s try running the program we input above.
Length of One Side (A) Surface Area (S) Volume (V)
7 cm 169.7409791 cm2161.6917506 cm
10 cm 346.4101615 cm2471.4045208 cm
15 cm 779.4228634 cm21590.990258 cm
3
3
3
122
1 (EXE) or w
hw
(Value of A)
Programming Chapter 8
1 234
w
w
baw
w
Intermediate result produced by
^
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• Pressing w while the program’s final result is on the display re-executes the
program.
• You can also run a program while in the RUN Mode by inputting:
Prog ”<file name>” w.
• An error (Go ERROR) occurs if the program specified by Prog ”<file name>”
cannot be found.
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Programming Chapter 8
3. Debugging a Program
A problem in a program that keeps the program from running correctly is called a
“bug,” and the process of eliminating such problems is called “debugging.” Either of
the following symptoms indicates that your program contains bugs and that debugging is required.
• Error messages appearing when the program is run
• Results that are not within your expectations
uu
uTo eliminate bugs that cause error messages
uu
An error message, like the one shown below, appears whenever something illegal
occurs during program execution.
When such a message appears, press d or e to display the location where the
error was generated, along with the cursor. Check the “Error Message Table” for
steps you should take to correct the situation.
uu
uTo eliminate bugs that cause bad results
uu
If your program produces results that are not what you normally expect, check the
contents of the program and make necessary changes. See “Editing Program Contents” for details on how to change program contents.
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4. Calculating the Number of Bytes Used
by a Program
This unit comes with 7 kbytes of memory. A byte is a unit of memory that can be
used for storage of data.
There are two types of commands: 1-byte commands and 2-byte commands.
• Examples of 1-byte commands: sin, cos, tan, log, (, ), A, B, C, 1, 2, etc.
• Examples of 2-byte commands: Lbl 1, Goto 2, etc.
While the cursor is located inside of a program, each press of d or e causes the
cursor to move one byte.
• You can check how much memory has been used and how much remains at any
time by selecting the MEM icon in the Main Menu and entering the MEM Mode.
See “Memory Status (MEM)” for details.
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Programming Chapter 8
5. Searching for a File
You can search for a specific file name using any of the three following methods.
• Scroll Search — scroll through the file names in the program list.
• File Name Search — input the name of the file.
• Initial Character Search — input the first few letters of the name of the file.
uu
uTo find a file using scroll search
uu
Example To use scroll search to recall the program named OCTA
1. While the program list is on the display, use f and c to scroll through the list
of program names until you find the one you want.
1 2 34
2. When the highlighting is located at the name of the file you want, press 2 (EDIT)
to recall it.
2(EDIT)
uu
uTo find a file using file name search
uu
Example To use file name search to recall the program named OCTA
1. While the program list is on the display, press 3 (NEW) and input the name of
the file you want to find.
3(NEW)
OCTA
2. Press w to recall the program.
• If there is no program whose file name matches the one you input, a new file is
created using the input name.
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Programming Chapter 8
uu
uTo find a file using initial character search
uu
Example To use initial character search to recall the program named OCT A
1. While the program list is on the display, press [ 3 (SRC) and input the initial
characters of the file you want to find.
[3(SRC)
OCT
2. Press w to search.
w
• All files whose file names start with the characters you input are recalled.
• If there is no program whose file name starts with the characters you input, the
message “Not Found” appears on the display . If this happens, press Q to clear
the error message.
3. Use f and c to highlight the file name of the program you want to recall and
then press 2 (EDIT) to recall it.
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6. Editing Program Contents
uu
uTo edit program contents
uu
1. Find the file name of the program you want in the program list.
2. Recall the program.
• The procedures you use for editing program contents are identical to those used
for editing manual calculations. For details, see “Making Corrections”.
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Programming Chapter 8
• The following function keys are also useful when editing program contents.
1 (TOP) ....... Moves the cursor to the top of the program
2 (BTM)....... Moves the cursor to the bottom of the program
Example 2 To use the OCTA program to create a program that calculates
the surface area and volume of regular tetrahedrons when the
length of one side is known
Length of One Side (A) Surface Area (S) Volume (V)
A
7 cm cm
10 cm cm
15 cm cm
The following are the formulas used for calculating surface area S and volume V of a
regular tetrahedron for which the length of one side is known.
2
2
2
cm
cm
cm
3
3
3
2
S =
3 A2, V = –––– A
3
12
Use the following key operations when inputting the program.
Length of One Side A .. !W [1(?)aaA[2(:)
Surface Area S ............!9d*aAx[[2(^)
Volume V ..................... !9c/bc*aAMd
Compare this with the program for calculating the surface area and volume of a
regular octahedron.
Length of One Side A .. !W [1(?)aaA[2(:)
Surface Area S ............c*!9d*aAx[[2(^)
Volume V ..................... !9c/d*aAMd
As you can see, you can produce the TETRA program by making the following changes
in the OCTA program.
• Deleting c * (underlined using a wavy line above)
• Changing d to b c (underlined using a solid line above)
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