Casio CFX-9970G User Manual

CFX-9970G

GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF THE UNIT IN THE U.S.A. (not applicable to other areas).

NOTICE

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

FCC WARNING

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Proper connectors must be used for connection to host computer and/or peripherals in order to meet FCC emission limits.

Connector SB-62 Power Graphic Unit to Power Graphic Unit Connector FA-122 Power Graphic Unit to PC for IBM/Macintosh Machine

Declaration of Conformity

Model Number: CFX-9970G Trade Name: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. Responsible Party: CASIO, INC. Address: 570 MT PLEASANT AVENUE,

DOVER, NEW JERSEY 07801

Telephone Number:973-361-5400

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

SA9808-003101A Printed in Japan

BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR

P button

BACK UPBACK UP

MAINMAIN

MAIMAI

FOR THE FIRST TIME ONLY...

This calculator does not contain any main batteries when you purchase it. Be sure to perform the following procedure to load batteries, reset the calculator, and adjust the color contrast before trying to use the calculator for the first time.

1. Slide the back cover from the unit by pulling with your finger at the point marked 1.

2. Load the four batteries that come with calculator.

• Make sure that the positive (+) and negative (–) ends of the batteries are facing correctly.

MAIMAI

3. Remove the insulating sheet at the location marked “BACK UP” by pulling in the direction indicated by the arrow.

4. Replace the back cover, making sure that its tabs enter the holes marked 2 in the illustration.

5. Press

If the Main Menu shown to the right is not on the display, press the P button on the back of the calculator to perform memory reset.

MAINMAIN

BACK UPBACK UP

6. Use the cursor keys (f, c, d, e) to select the SYS icon and press

w or simply press

7. Use the cursor keys (c, f) to highlight

Color Contrast and then press the contrast adjustment screen.

8. Adjust the display color.

wto display

uTo adjust the color contrast

1. Use f and c to move the pointer to CONTRAST.

2. Press e to make the figures on the display darker, and d to make them lighter.

uTo adjust the tint

1. Use f and c to move the pointer to the color you want to adjust (ORANGE, BLUE, or GREEN).

2. Press e to add more green to the color, and d to add more orange.

9. To exit display color adjustment, press

REMOVING AND REPLACING THE CALCULATOR'S COVER

To remove the cover

Grasp the top of the cover, and slide the unit out from the bottom.

To replace the cover

Grasp the top of the cover, and slide the unit in from the bottom.

Always slide the unit into the cover with the unit's display end first. Never slide the keyboard end of the unit into the cover.

ABOUT THE COLOR DISPLAY

The display uses three colors: orange, blue, and green, to make data easier to understand.

• Main Menu • Display Color Adjustment

• Graph Function Menu

• Graph Display (Example 1) • Graph Display (Example 2)

• Graph-To-Table Display • Dynamic Graph Display

• Table & Graph Numeric Table • Recursion Formula Convergence/ Divergence Graph Example

iii

• Statistical Regression Graph Example

• When you draw a graph or run a program, any comment text normally appears on the

display in blue. You can, however, change the color of comment text to orange or green.

Example:

1. Enter the GRAPH Mode and input the following.

To draw a sine curve

3(TYPE)1(Y=)

(Specifies rectangular coordinates.)

svwf

(Stores the expression.)

4(COLR)

• Press the function key that corresponds to the color you want to use for the graph:

3456

1 for blue, 2 for orange, 3 for green.

2(Orng)

(Specifies the graph color.)

4.6(DRAW)

(Draws the graph)

You can also draw multiple graphs of different color on the same screen, making each one distinct and easy to view.

KEYS

Note that pressing / displays the character "/" for division, not "÷".

Alpha Lock

Normally, once you press a and then a key to input an alphabetic character, the keyboard reverts to its primary functions immediately. If you press ! and then a, the keyboard locks in alpha input until you press a again.

KEY TABLE

Page Page Page Page Page Page 128

2 27283

24746

49 49

Page Page Page Page Page

132 113

383 4

47 46

46 46 46 46

154 144 120

45 45 45 45 47 36

21 20

45 45

45 36

39 36

Quick-Start

Turning Power On And Off Auto Power Off Function Using Modes Basic Calculations Replay Features Fraction Calculations Exponents Graph Functions Dual Graph Box Zoom Dynamic Graph Table Function

Quick-Start

Welcome to the world of color graphing calculators and the CASIO “CFX-9970G”.

Quick-Start is not a complete tutorial, but it takes you through many of the most common functions, from turning the power on, to specifying colors, and on to graphing complex equations. When you’re done, you’ll have mastered the basic operation of the “CFX9970G” and will be ready to proceed with the rest of this user’s guide to learn the entire spectrum of functions available.

Each step of the examples in Quick-Start is shown graphically to help you follow along quickly and easily. When you need to enter the number 57, for example, we’ve indicated it as follows:

Press fh

Whenever necessary, we’ve included samples of what your screen should look like. If you find that your screen doesn’t match the sample, you can restart from the beginning by pressing the “All Clear” button

TURNING POWER ON AND OFF

To turn power on, press o. To turn power off, press

OFF

AUTO POWER OFF FUNCTION

Note that the unit automatically turns power off if you do not perform any operation for about six minutes (about 60 minutes when a calculation is stopped by an output command (^)).

USING MODES

The “CFX-9970G” makes it easy to perform a wide range of calculations by simply selecting the appropriate mode. Before getting into actual calculations and operation examples, let’s take a look at how to navigate around the modes.

To select the RUN Mode

1. Press m to display the Main Menu.

viii

Quick-Start

2. Use defc to highlight RUN and then

press w.

This is the initial screen of the RUN mode, where you

can perform manual calculations, and run programs.

BASIC CALCULATIONS

With manual calculations, you input formulas from left to right, just as they are written on paper. With formulas that include mixed arithmetic operators and parentheses, the calculator automatically applies true algebraic logic to calculate the result.

Example:

1. Press

2. Press

15 × 3 + 61

o to clear the calculator.

bf*d+gbw.

Parentheses Calculations

Example:

1. Press

15 × (3 + 61)

bf*(d +gb)w.

Built-In Functions

The “CFX-9970G” includes a number of built-in scientific functions, including trigonometric and logarithmic functions.

Example:

25 × sin 45˚

Important!

Be sure that you specify Deg (degrees) as the angle unit before you try this example.

1. Presso.

SET UP

2. Press

3. Presscccc1 (Deg) to specify

degrees as the angle unit.

to switch the set up display.

Quick-Start

4. Press

5. Press

6. Press

J to clear the menu.

o to clear the unit.

cf*sefw.

REPLAY FEATURES

With the replay feature, simply press d or e to recall the last calculation that was performed. This recalls the calculation so you can make changes or re-execute it as it is.

Example:

1. Press

2. Press

3. Press f.

To change the calculation in the last example from (25 × sin 45˚) to (25 × sin 55˚)

d to display the last calculation.

d twice to move the cursor under the 4.

4. Press

w to execute the calculation again.

Quick-Start

FRACTION CALCULATIONS

You can use the $ key to input fractions into calculations. The symbol “ { ” is used to separate the various parts of a fraction.

Example:

1. Presso.

2. Press

1 15/16 + 37/

b$bf$ bg+dh$ jw.

Indicates 6 7/

Converting a Mixed Fraction to an Improper Fraction

While a mixed fraction is shown on the display, press ! improper fraction.

Press

d/c

again to convert back to a mixed fraction.

Converting a Fraction to Its Decimal Equivalent

While a fraction is shown on the display, press M to convert it to its decimal equivalent.

M again to convert back to a fraction.

Press

144

d/c

to convert it to an

EXPONENTS

Quick-Start

Example:

1. Presso.

2. Press

3. Press

4. Press

an exponent.

5. Press

1250 × 2.06

bcfa*c.ag.

M and the ^ indicator appears on the display.

f. The ^5 on the display indicates that 5 is

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Quick-Start

GRAPH FUNCTIONS

The graphing capabilities of this calculator makes it possible to draw complex graphs using either rectangular coordinates (horizontal axis: x ; vertical axis: y) or polar coordinates (angle:

; distance from origin: r).

Example

1. Press

2. Use

3. Input the formula.

1: To graph Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)

d, e, f, and c to highlight GRAPH,

and then press w.

v(v+b)

(v -c)w

4. Press 6 (DRAW) or w to draw the graph.

Example

1. Press

2: To determine the roots of Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)

! 5 (G-Solv).

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2. Press 1 (ROOT).

Press e for other roots.

Quick-Start

Example

1. Press

2. Press 6 (g).

3. Press

4. Use e to move the pointer to the location where

3: Determine the area bounded by the origin and the X = –1 root obtained for

Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)

!5 (G-Solv).

3 (∫dx).

X = –1, and then press w. Next, use e again

to move the pointer to the location where X = 0, and

then press

becomes shaded on the display.

to input the integration range, which

12345

123456

xiv

Quick-Start

DUAL GRAPH

With this function you can split the display between two areas and display two graphs on the same screen.

Example:

1. Press !Zcc1(Grph) to specify

“Graph” for the Dual Screen setting.

2. Press

To draw the following two graphs and determine the points of intersection

Y1 = X(X + 1)(X – 2) Y2 = X + 1.2

J, and then input the two functions.

v(v+b) (v-c)w v+b.cw

3. Press 6 (DRAW) or w to draw the graphs.

23456

12345

BOX ZOOM

Use the Box Zoom function to specify areas of a graph for enlargement.

1. Press

2. Use

! 2 (Zoom) 1 (BOX).

d, e, f, and c to move the pointer

to one corner of the area you want to specify and then

press

3. Use d, e, f, and c to move the pointer

again. As you do, a box appears on the display. Move

the pointer so the box encloses the area you want to

enlarge.

Quick-Start

4. Press

w, and the enlarged area appears in the

inactive (right side) screen.

DYNAMIC GRAPH

Dynamic Graph lets you see how the shape of a graph is affected as the value assigned to one of the coefficients of its function changes.

Example:

1. Press m.

2. Use

and then press w.

To draw graphs as the value of coefficient A in the following function changes from 1 to 3

Y = AX

d, e, f, and c to highlight DYNA,

3. Input the formula.

aAvxw

12356

xvi

4. Press 4 (VAR) bw to assign an initial value

of 1 to coefficient A.

Quick-Start

5. Press

6. Press

7. Press

2 (RANG) bwdwbw

to specify the range and increment of change in

coefficient A.

6(DYNA) to start Dynamic Graph drawing.

The graphs are drawn 10 times.

3456

↓

↓↑

xvii

Quick-Start

TABLE FUNCTION

The Table Function makes it possible to generate a table of solutions as different values are assigned to the variables of a function.

Example:

1. Press m.

2. Use

and then press w.

3. Input the formula.

To create a number table for the following function

Y = X (X+1) (X–2)

d, e, f, and c to highlight TABLE,

v(v+b)

(v-c) w

4. Press 6 (TABL) or w to generate the number

table.

After you’ve completed this Quick-Start section, you are well on your way to becoming an expert user of the CASIO “CFX-9970G” Calculator.

To learn all about the many powerful features of the “CFX-9970G”, read on and explore!

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Handling Precautions

• Your calculator is made up of precision components. Never try to take it apart.

• Avoid dropping your calculator and subjecting it to strong impact.

• Do not store the calculator or leave it in areas exposed to high temperatures or humidity, or large

amounts of dust. When exposed to low temperatures, the calculator may require more time to display results and may even fail to operate. Correct operation will resume once the calculator is brought back to normal temperature.

• The display will go blank and keys will not operate during calculations. When you are operating the

keyboard, be sure to watch the display to make sure that all your key operations are being performed correctly.

• Replace the main batteries once every 2 years regardless of how much the calculator is used during

that period. Never leave dead batteries in the battery compartment. They can leak and damage the unit.

• Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult with a physician immediately.

• Avoid using volatile liquids such as thinner or benzine to clean the unit. Wipe it with a soft, dry cloth,

or with a cloth that has been dipped in a solution of water and a neutral detergent and wrung out.

• Always be gentle when wiping dust off the display to avoid scratching it.

• In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers be liable to you or any other person for any

damages, expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages arising out of loss of data and/or formulas arising out of malfunction, repairs, or battery replacement. The user should prepare physical records of data to protect against such data loss.

• Never dispose of batteries, the liquid crystal panel, or other components by burning them.

• When the “Low battery!” message appears on the display, replace the main power supply batteries

as soon as possible.

• Be sure that the power switch is set to OFF when replacing batteries.

• If the calculator is exposed to a strong electrostatic charge, its memory contents may be damaged or

the keys may stop working. In such a case, perform the Reset operation to clear the memory and restore normal key operation.

• If the calculator stops operating correctly for some reason, use a thin, pointed object to press the P

button on the back of the calculator. Note, however, that this clears all the data in calculator memory.

• Note that strong vibration or impact during program execution can cause execution to stop or can

damage the calculator’s memory contents.

• Using the calculator near a television or radio can cause interference with TV or radio reception.

• Before assuming malfunction of the unit, be sure to carefully reread this user’s guide and ensure that

the problem is not due to insufficient battery power, programming or operational errors.

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Be sure to keep physical records of all important data!

The large memory capacity of the unit makes it possible to store large amounts of data. You should note, however, that low battery power or incorrect replacement of the batteries that power the unit can cause the data stored in memory to be corrupted or even lost entirely. Stored data can also be affected by strong electrostatic charge or strong impact.

Since this calculator employs unused memory as a work area when performing its internal calculations, an error may occur when there is not enough memory available to perform calculations. To avoid such problems, it is a good idea to leave 1 or 2 kbytes of memory free (unused) at all times.

In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.

• The contents of this user’s guide are subject to change without notice.

• No part of this user’s guide may be reproduced in any form without the express written consent of the manufacturer.

• The options described in Chapter 22 of this user’s guide may not be available in certain geographic areas. For full details on availability in your area, contact your nearest CASIO dealer or distributor.

•••••••••••••••••••

CFX-9970G

•••••••••••••••••••

Contents

Getting Acquainted — Read This First! .............................................................1

1. Key Markings ....................................................................................................... 2

2. Selecting Icons and Entering Modes.................................................................... 3

3. Display ................................................................................................................. 8

4. Color Adjustment................................................................................................ 11

5. When you keep having problems… ................................................................... 12

Chapter 1 Basic Operation .............................................................................13

1-1 Before Starting Calculations........................................................................ 14

1-2 Memory ....................................................................................................... 22

1-3 Option (OPTN) Menu .................................................................................. 27

1-4 Variable Data (VARS) Menu ........................................................................ 28

1-5 Program (PRGM) Menu .............................................................................. 34

Chapter 2 Manual Calculations...................................................................... 35

2-1 Basic Calculations ....................................................................................... 36

2-2 Special Functions ........................................................................................ 39

2-3 Function Calculations .................................................................................. 43

Chapter 3 Numerical Calculations................................................................. 53

3-1 Before Performing a Calculation ................................................................. 54

3-2 Differential Calculations............................................................................... 55

3-3 Quadratic Differential Calculations .............................................................. 58

3-4 Integration Calculations............................................................................... 60

3-5 Maximum/Minimum Value Calculations....................................................... 63

3-6 Σ Calculations.............................................................................................. 65

Chapter 4 Complex Numbers ......................................................................... 67

4-1 Before Beginning a Complex Number Calculation ...................................... 68

4-2 Performing Complex Number Calculations ................................................. 69

Chapter 5 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations ............. 73

5-1 Before Beginning a Binary, Octal, Decimal, or Hexadecimal

Calculation ............................................................................................. 74

5-2 Selecting a Number System........................................................................ 76

5-3 Arithmetic Operations.................................................................................. 77

5-4 Negative Values and Logical Operations .................................................... 78

Chapter 6 Matrix Calculations........................................................................ 79

6-1 Before Performing Matrix Calculations........................................................ 80

6-2 Matrix Cell Operations................................................................................. 83

6-3 Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands .............................................. 88

6-4 Matrix Calculations ...................................................................................... 92

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Contents

Chapter 7 Equation Calculations ...................................................................99

7-1 Before Beginning an Equation Calculation................................................ 100

7-2 Linear Equations with Two to Six Unknowns............................................. 101

7-3 Quadratic and Cubic Equations................................................................. 104

7-4 Solve Calculations..................................................................................... 107

7-5 What to Do When an Error Occurs............................................................ 110

Chapter 8 Graphing ....................................................................................... 111

8-1 Before Trying to Draw a Graph.................................................................. 112

8-2 View Window (V-Window) Settings ........................................................... 113

8-3 Graph Function Operations ....................................................................... 117

8-4 Graph Memory .......................................................................................... 122

8-5 Drawing Graphs Manually ......................................................................... 123

8-6 Other Graphing Functions ......................................................................... 128

8-7 Picture Memory ......................................................................................... 139

8-8 Graph Background .................................................................................... 140

Chapter 9 Graph Solve..................................................................................143

9-1 Before Using Graph Solve......................................................................... 144

9-2 Analyzing a Function Graph ...................................................................... 145

Chapter 10 Sketch Function ........................................................................... 153

10-1 Before Using the Sketch Function ............................................................. 154

10-2 Graphing with the Sketch Function ........................................................... 155

Chapter 11 Dual Graph ...................................................................................167

11-1 Before Using Dual Graph .......................................................................... 168

11-2 Specifying the Left and Right View Window Parameters .......................... 169

11-3 Drawing a Graph in the Active Screen ...................................................... 170

11-4 Displaying a Graph in the Inactive Screen ................................................ 171

Chapter 12 Graph-to-Table .............................................................................175

12-1 Before Using Graph-to-Table..................................................................... 176

12-2 Using Graph-to-Table ................................................................................ 177

Chapter 13 Dynamic Graph ............................................................................181

13-1 Before Using Dynamic Graph.................................................................... 182

13-2 Storing, Editing, and Selecting Dynamic Graph Functions........................ 183

13-3 Drawing a Dynamic Graph ........................................................................ 184

13-4 Using Dynamic Graph Memory ................................................................. 190

13-5 Dynamic Graph Application Examples ...................................................... 191

Chapter 14 Implicit Function Graphs ............................................................193

14-1 Before Graphing an Implicit Function ........................................................ 194

14-2 Graphing an Implicit Function.................................................................... 195

14-3 Implicit Function Graph Analysis ............................................................... 199

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Contents

Chapter 15 Table & Graph ..............................................................................205

15-1 Before Using Table & Graph...................................................................... 206

15-2 Storing a Function and Generating a Numeric Table ................................ 207

15-3 Editing and Deleting Functions.................................................................. 210

15-4 Editing Tables and Drawing Graphs .......................................................... 211

15-5 Copying a Table Column to a List.............................................................. 216

Chapter 16 Recursion Table and Graph ........................................................217

16-1 Before Using the Recursion Table and Graph Function ............................ 218

16-2 Inputting a Recursion Formula and Generating a Table............................ 219

16-3 Editing Tables and Drawing Graphs .......................................................... 223

Chapter 17 List Function ................................................................................229

List Data Linking ................................................................................................... 230

17-1 List Operations .......................................................................................... 231

17-2 Editing and Rearranging Lists ................................................................... 233

17-3 Manipulating List Data ............................................................................... 237

17-4 Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists ........................................................... 244

17-5 Switching Between List Files ..................................................................... 248

Chapter 18 Statistical Graphs and Calculations ..........................................249

18-1 Before Performing Statistical Calculations ................................................ 250

18-2 Paired-Variable Statistical Calculation Examples...................................... 251

18-3 Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data........................ 257

18-4 Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data ....................... 261

18-5 Performing Statistical Calculations ............................................................ 269

18-6 Tests .......................................................................................................... 275

18-7 Confidence Interval ................................................................................... 293

18-8 Distribution ................................................................................................ 303

Chapter 19 Financial Calculations .................................................................319

19-1 Before Performing Financial Calculations ................................................. 320

19-2 Simple Interest Calculations ...................................................................... 322

19-3 Compound Interest Calculations ............................................................... 324

19-4 Investment Appraisal ................................................................................. 335

19-5 Amortization of a Loan .............................................................................. 339

19-6 Conversion between Percentage Interest Rate and Effective

Interest Rate ........................................................................................ 343

19-7 Cost, Selling Price, Margin Calculations ................................................... 345

19-8 Day/Date Calculations ............................................................................... 347

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Contents

Chapter 20 Algebraic Expressions ................................................................349

20-1 Before Using the Algebraic Mode.............................................................. 350

20-2 Inputting and Executing Calculations ........................................................ 351

20-3 ALGBR Mode Commands ......................................................................... 352

20-4 Signum Function ....................................................................................... 360

20-5 Natural Display Notation............................................................................ 361

20-6 ALGBR Mode Error Messages .................................................................. 362

20-7 ALGBR Mode Precautions ........................................................................ 363

Chapter 21 Programming ...............................................................................365

21-1 Before Programming ................................................................................. 366

21-2 Programming Examples ............................................................................ 367

21-3 Debugging a Program ............................................................................... 372

21-4 Calculating the Number of Bytes Used by a Program ............................... 373

21-5 Secret Function ......................................................................................... 374

21-6 Searching for a File ................................................................................... 376

21-7 Searching for Data Inside a Program ........................................................ 378

21-8 Editing File Names and Program Contents ............................................... 379

21-9 Deleting a Program ................................................................................... 382

21-10 Useful Program Commands ...................................................................... 383

21-11 Command Reference ................................................................................ 385

21-12 Text Display ............................................................................................... 402

21-13 Using Calculator Functions in Programs ................................................... 403

Chapter 22 Data Communications .................................................................413

22-1 Connecting Two Units ............................................................................... 414

22-2 Connecting the Unit with a Personal Computer ........................................ 415

22-3 Connecting the Unit with a CASIO Label Printer ....................................... 416

22-4 Before Performing a Data Communication Operation ............................... 417

22-5 Performing a Data Transfer Operation ...................................................... 418

22-6 Screen Send Function ............................................................................... 422

22-7 Data Communications Precautions ........................................................... 423

Chapter 23 Program Library ........................................................................... 425

1. Prime Factor Analysis ...................................................................................... 426

2. Greatest Common Measure ............................................................................. 428

3. t-Test Value ...................................................................................................... 430

4. Circle and Tangents ......................................................................................... 432

5. Rotating a Figure.............................................................................................. 439

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Contents

Appendix...........................................................................................................443

Appendix A Resetting the Calculator................................................................. 444

Appendix B Power Supply ................................................................................. 446

Appendix C Error Message Table ...................................................................... 450

Appendix D Input Ranges.................................................................................. 453

Appendix E Specifications ................................................................................. 456

Index ..................................................................................................................... 458

Command Index ................................................................................................... 464

Key Index.............................................................................................................. 465

Program Mode Command List.............................................................................. 468

Algebraic Mode Command List............................................................................. 471

xxvi

Getting Acquainted

— Read This First!

About this User’s Guide

uFunction Keys and Menus

• Many of the operations performed by this calculator can be executed by pressing function keys 1 through 6. The operation assigned to each function key changes according to the mode the calculator is in, and current operation assignments are indicated by function menus that appear at the bottom of the display.

• This user’s guide indicates the current operation assigned to a function key in parentheses following the key cap marking for that key. 1 (Comp), for example, indicates that pressing 1 selects {Comp}, which is also indicated in the function menu.

• When {g} is indicated in the function menu for key 6, it means that pressing 6 displays the next page or previous page of menu options.

uMenu Titles

• Menu titles in this user’s guide include the key operation required to display the menu being explained. The key operation for a menu that is displayed by pressing K and then {COLR} would be shown as: [OPTN]-[COLR].

• 6 (g) key operations to change to another menu page are not shown in menu title key operations.

Getting Acquainted — Read This First!

uCommand List

• The Program Mode Command List (page 468) provides a graphic flowchart of the various function key menus that shows how to maneuver to the menu of commands you need.

Example: The following operation displays Xfct: [VARS]-[FACT]-[Xfct]

uIcons Used in This User’s Guide

• The following are the meanings of the icons used in this user’s guide.

: Important : Note : Reference page

P.000

1. Key Markings

Many of the calculator’s keys are used to perform more than one function. The functions marked on the keyboard are color coded to help you find the one you need quickly and easily.

1 log l 2 10 3 B al

The following describes the color coding used for key markings.

Color Key Operation

Orange Press ! and then the key to perform the marked

Function Key Operation

function.

Red Press a and then the key to perform the marked

function.

2. Selecting Icons and Entering Modes

This section describes how to select an icon in the Main Menu to enter the mode you want.

uTo select an icon

1. Press m to display the Main Menu.

Currently selected icon

2. Use the cursor keys (d, e, f, c) to move the highlighting to the icon you want.

3. Press w to display the initial screen of the mode whose icon you selected.

• You can also enter a mode without highlighting an icon in the Main Menu by inputting the number or letter marked in the lower right corner of the icon.

• Use only the procedures described above to enter a mode. If you use any other procedure, you may end up in a mode that is different than the one you thought you selected.

The following explains the meaning of each icon.

Icon Mode Name Description

RUN Use this mode for arithmetic calculations

and function calculations, and for calculations involving binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal values.

STATistics Use this mode to perform single-variable

(standard deviation) and paired-variable (regression) statistical calculations, to perform tests, to analyze data and to draw statistical graphs.

MATrix Use this mode for storing and editing

matrices.

LIST Use this mode for storing and editing

numeric data.

GRAPH Use this mode to store graph functions and

to draw graphs using the functions.

DYNAmic graph Use this mode to store graph functions and

to draw multiple versions of a graph by changing the values assigned to the variables in a function.

2 Selecting Icons and Entering Modes

Icon Mode Name Description

TABLE Use this mode to store functions, to

RECURsion Use this mode to store recursion formulas,

CONICS Use this mode to draw graphs of implicit

EQUAtion Use this mode to solve linear equations with

PRoGraM Use this mode to store programs in the

Time Value of Use this mode to perform financial calculaMoney tions and to draw cash flow and other types

ALGeBRa Use this mode to obtain mathematical

LINK Use this mode to transfer memory contents

SYStem Use this mode to check how much memory

generate a numeric table of different solutions as the values assigned to variables in a function change, and to draw graphs.

to generate a numeric table of different solutions as the values assigned to variables in a function change, and to draw graphs.

functions.

two through six unknowns, quadratic equations, and cubic equations.

program area and to run programs.

of graphs.

expression results using natural mathematical display notation.

or back-up data to another unit.

is used and remaining, to delete data from memory, and to initialize (reset) the calculator. It also lets you adjust display contrast.

k Using the Set Up Screen

The mode's set up screen shows the current status of mode settings and lets you make any changes you want. The following procedure shows how to change a set up.

uTo change a mode set up

1. Select the icon you want and press w enter a mode and display its initial screen. Here we will enter the RUN Mode.

2. Press !Z to display the mode’s set up screen.

• This set up screen is just one possible example. Actual set up screen contents will differ according to the mode you are in and that mode’s current settings.

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Selecting Icons and Entering Modes 2

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3. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the item whose setting you want to change.

4. Press the function key (1 to 6) that is marked with the setting you want to make.

5. After you are finished making any changes you want, press J to return to the initial screen of the mode.

k Set Up Screen Function Key Menus

This section details the settings you can make using the function keys in the set up display.

uMode (calculation /binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal mode)

•{Comp} ... {arithmetic calculation mode}

•{Dec}/{Hex}/{Bin}/{Oct} ... {decimal}/{hexadecimal}/{binary}/{octal}

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uFunc Type (graph function type)

•{Y=}/{r=}/{Parm}/{X=c} ... {rectangular coordinate}/{polar coordinate}/ {parametric coordinate}/{X = constant} graph

•{Y>}/{Y<}/{Y }/{Y } ... {y>f(x)}/{y<f(x)}/{y≥f(x)}/{y≤f(x) } inequality graph

• The v key inputs one of three different variable names. Which variable

name it inputs is determined by the {Func Type} setting you make.

uDraw Type (graph drawing method)

•{Con}/{Plot} ... {connected points}/{unconnected points}

uDerivative (derivative value display)

•{On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off} while Graph-to-Table, Table & Graph,

and Trace are being used

uAngle (default unit of angular measurement)

•{Deg}/{Rad}/{Gra} ... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads}

uCoord (graph pointer coordinate display)

•{On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

2 Selecting Icons and Entering Modes

uGrid (graph gridline display)

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•{On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

uAxes (graph axis display)

•{On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

uLabel (graph axis label display)

•{On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

uDisplay (display format)

•{Fix}/{Sci}/{Norm}/{Eng} ... {fixed number of decimal places specification}/ {number of significant digits specification}/{exponential format display range toggle}/{Engineering Mode}

uIntegration (Integration calculation)

•{Gaus}/{Simp} ... integration calculation using {Gauss-Kronrod rule}/ {Simpson’s rule}.

uStat Wind (statistical graph view window setting method)

•{Auto}/{Man} ... {automatic}/{manual}

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uGraph Func (function display during graph drawing and trace)

•{On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

uBackground (graph display background)

•{None}/{PICT} ... {no background}/{graph background picture specification}

uPlot/Line (plot and line graph color setting)

• {Blue}/{Orng}/{Grn} ... {blue}/{orange}/{green}

uResid List (residual calculation)

•{None}/{LIST} ... {no calculation}/{list specification for the calculated residual data}

uList File (list file specification)

•{File 1} to {File 6} ... {specification of which list file to display while using the List function}

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Selecting Icons and Entering Modes 2

uDual Screen (Dual Screen Mode status)

The Dual Screen Mode settings you can make depends on whether you pressed !Z while in the GRAPH Mode, TABLE Mode, or RECUR Mode.

GRAPH Mode

•{Grph}/{GtoT}/{Off} ... {graphing on both sides of Dual Screen}/{graph on one side and numeric table on the other side of Dual Screen}/{Dual Screen off}

TABLE/RECUR Mode

•{T+G}/{Off} ... {graph on one side and numeric table on the other side of Dual Screen}/{Dual Screen off}

uSimul Graph (simultaneous graphing mode)

•{On}/{Off} ... {simultaneous graphing on (all graphs drawn simultaneously)}/ {simultaneous graphing off (graphs drawn in area numeric sequence)}

uDynamic Type (Dynamic Graph type)

•{Cnt}/{Stop} ... {non-stop (continuous)}/{automatic stop after 10 draws}

uLocus (Dynamic Graph Locus Mode)

•{On}/{Off} ... {locus identified by color}/{locus not drawn}

uVariable (Table Generation and Graph Draw settings)

•{Rang}/{LIST} ... {use table range}/{use list data}

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uΣ Display (Σ value display in recursion table)

•{On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

uSlope (display of derivative at current pointer location in implicit

function graph)

•{On}/{Off} ... {display on}/{display off}

uPayment (payment period setting)

•{BGN}/{END} ... {beginning}/{end} setting of payment period

uDate Mode (number of days per year setting)

•{365}/{360} ... interest calculations using {365}/{360} days per year

* The 365-day year must be used for date calculations in the Financial Mode.

Otherwise, an error occurs.

uAnswer Type (type of numbers for results)

• {Real}/{Cplx} ... {use real numbers only}/{include imaginary numbers} when displaying results of processes with real number expressions.

2 Selecting Icons and Entering Modes

3. Display

k About the Display Screen

This calculator uses two types of display: a text display and a graphic display. The text display can show 21 columns and eight lines of characters, with the bottom line used for the function key menu, while the graph display uses an area that measures 127 (W) × 63 (H) dots.

Text Display Graph Display

k About Display Colors [OPTN]-[COLR]

The calculator can display data in three colors: orange, blue, and green. The default color for graphs and comment text is blue, but you can specify orange or green if you want.

•{Orng}/{Grn} ... {orange}/{green}

• The above setting affects the color of graphs and comment text. Specify the

color you want to use before inputting the graph’s function or the program comment text.

k About Menu Item Types

This calculator uses certain conventions to indicate the type of result you can expect when you press a function key.

• Next Menu

Example: Selecting displays a menu of hyperbolic functions.

• Command Input

Example: Selecting inputs the sinh command.

Display 3

• Direct Command Execution

Example: Selecting executes the DRAW command.

k Exponential Display

The calculator normally displays values up to 10 digits long. Values that exceed this limit are automatically converted to and displayed in exponential format. You can specify one of two different ranges for automatic changeover to exponential display.

Norm 1 ........... 10–2 (0.01) > |x|, |x| > 10

Norm 2 ........... 10–9 (0.000000001) > |x|, |x| > 10

uTo change the exponential display range

1. Press !Z to display the set up screen.

2. Use f and c to move the highlighting to “Display”.

3. Press 3 (Norm).

The exponential display range switches between Norm 1 and Norm 2 each time you perform the above operation. There is no display indicator to show you which exponential display range is currently in effect, but you can always check it by seeing what results the following calculation produces.

Ab/caaw

(Norm 1) (Norm 2)

All of the examples in this manual show calculation results using Norm 1.

uHow to interpret exponential format

1.2E+12 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 × 1012. This means that you should move the decimal point in 1.2 twelve places to the right, because the exponent is positive. This results in the value 1,200,000,000,000.

1.2E–03 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 × 10–3. This means that you should move the decimal point in 1.2 three places to the left, because the exponent is negative. This results in the value 0.0012.

3 Display

k Special Display Formats

This calculator uses special display formats to indicate fractions, hexadecimal values, and sexagesimal values.

uFractions

..... Indicates: 456

––––

uHexadecimal Values

..... Indicates: ABCDEF12(16), which

equals –1412567278(10)

uSexagesimal Values

..... Indicates: 12° 34’ 56.78"

• In addition to the above, this calculator also uses other indicators or symbols,

which are described in each applicable section of this manual as they come up.

k Calculation Execution Indicator

Whenever the calculator is busy drawing a graph or executing a long, complex calculation or program, a black box (k) flashes in the upper right corner of the display. This black box tells you that the calculator is performing an internal operation.

4. Color Adjustment

Adjust the color whenever objects on the display appear dim or difficult to see. There are two different settings you can make to get color the way you want it.

• Color contrast

• Tint adjustment for each color

uTo display the color adjustment screen

1. Highlight the SYS icon in the Main Menu and then press w.

2. Highlight Color Contrast and then press w.

•{INIT}/{IN·A} ... {initialize highlighted color}/ {initialize all colors}

Use the following procedures while the color adjustment screen is on the display to adjust the color contrast and tint settings.

uTo adjust the color contrast

1. Use the cursor f and c keys to move the pointer so it is next to CON-

TRAST.

2. Press the e cursor key to make the display darker and the d cursor key to

make it lighter. Holding down either key changes the setting at high speed.

uTo adjust the color tint

1. Use the cursor f and c keys to move the pointer so it is next to the color

(ORANGE, BLUE, GREEN) whose tint you want to adjust.

2. Press the e cursor key to give the color a greener tint and the d cursor key

to give it an orange tint. Holding down either key changes the setting at high speed.

uTo exit the color adjustment screen

Press m to return to the Main Menu.

• It is recommended that you always adjust the CONTRAST setting first, and then adjust the tint settings for individual colors.

• You can change the CONTRAST setting at any time without displaying the color adjustment screen. Simply press ! and then d or e to change the setting. Press ! once again after get the display looking the way you want.

5. When you keep having problems…

If you keep having problems when you are trying to perform operations, try the following before assuming that there is something wrong with the calculator.

k Get the Calculator Back to its Original Mode Settings

1. In the Main Menu, select the RUN icon and press w.

2. Press ! Z to display the set up screen.

3. Highlight “Angle” and press 2 (Rad).

4. Highlight “Display” and press 3 (Norm) to select the exponential display range (Norm 1 or Norm 2) that you want to use.

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5. Now enter the correct mode and perform your calculation again, monitoring the results on the display.

k In Case of Hang Up

• Should the unit hang up and stop responding to input from the keyboard, press the P button on the back of the calculator to reset the memory. Note, however, that this clears all the data in calculator memory.

k Low Battery Message

The low battery message appears whenever you press o to turn power on or m to display the Main Menu while the main battery power is below a certain

level.

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o or m

About 3 seconds later

↓

If you continue using the calculator without replacing batteries, power will automatically turn off to protect memory contents. Once this happens, you will not be able to turn power back on, and there is the danger that memory contents will be corrupted or lost entirely.

• You will not be able to perform data communications operations once the low battery message appears.

Casio CFX-9970G User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual