TE-1500
Constant
Temperature
Bath
Instruction
& Operation
Manual
CONTENTS
i
1
2
TE-1500 OVERVIEW 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
Bath components ................................................................................................................ 2
Safety features .................................................................................................................... 3
Operator safety ................................................................................................................... 3
TE-1500 specifications ....................................................................................................... 5
UNPACKING & ASSEMBLY 7
Unpacking........................................................................................................................... 7
Physical placement ............................................................................................................. 7
Assembly ............................................................................................................................ 8
Pneumatic connections ........................................................................................... 8
Electrical connections............................................................................................. 8
Platform/pump assembly .................................................................................................. 10
Selecting a bath liquid ...................................................................................................... 11
Filling the bath.................................................................................................................. 12
Mains power connection................................................................................................... 13
Draining the bath .............................................................................................................. 13
Inserting viscometer tubes/thermometers......................................................................... 14
3
4
BATH OPERATION 15
Setting the temperature..................................................................................................... 15
Temperature control options................................................................................. 16
Adjusting trimpots ............................................................................................................ 18
Customizing Temperatures ................................................................................... 19
MAINTENANCE 21
Preventative (scheduled) maintenance ............................................................................. 21
Cleaning the painted surfaces and front panel...................................................... 21
Cleaning the fans and heat sinks .......................................................................... 21
Cleaning the bath window .................................................................................... 22
Cleaning the inside of the bath vessel .................................................................. 22
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Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
ii
5
6
7
A
TROUBLESHOOTING 23
USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS LIST 25
WARRANTY/RETURN INFORMATION 27
Products limited warranty................................................................................................. 27
Reagent and chemical warranty........................................................................................ 27
Returning a product to CANNON®.................................................................................. 28
APPENDIX A—THERMOMETRY 29
Kinematic viscosity and temperature ............................................................................... 29
ASTM thermometer tables ............................................................................................... 30
ASTM D 445 — checking the ice point........................................................................... 32
NBS monograph 150: ....................................................................................................... 33
Joining Separated Mercury Columns ............................................................................... 33
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Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
CHAPTER
1
1
Introduction
Manual
Applications
Cooling capability
TE-1500 OVERVIEW
This manual provides information regarding:
Functions and operations of the TE-1500 Constant Temperature Bath
Maintenance and repair of the TE-1500
The TE-1500 is designed to be used for precise kinematic viscosity
measurements between the temperatures of +10°C and -30°C. Because
of its temperature stability and ease of use, it is also suitable for use in
other applications where temperatures must be maintained within close
tolerances.
The CANNON
thermoelectrically-cooled temperature bath which can maintain temperatures as low as -30°C. The TE-1500 uses air-cooled dual-stage thermoelectric units to maintain constant low temperatures.
®
TE-1500 Constant Temperature Bath is a
Precision
Figure 1: The
TE-1500 Thermoelectric
Low Temperature Bath
CANNON
The precision of kinematic viscosity measurements possible with the TE1500 system meets the sensitivity requirements of ASTM D 445.
®
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®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
2
Equipment
Temperature selection
Bath components
Control Chassis
The TE-1500 is a complete system, consisting of:
TE-1500 Constant Temperature Bath
(Control Chassis & Bath Vessel Housing)
Assorted hoses, tubes, and connecting cables
A selector dial on the front panel of the TE-1500 Control Chassis permits
convenient temperature selection at 10, 0, -5, -10, -15, -20, -25, and
-30°C for kinematic viscosity measurement. After the dial has been set,
the bath will equilibrate at or near the desired temperature. The operator
can fine-tune the temperature control to within 0.01°C of the desired
temperature using either the FIXED control knob (which permits precision control at the common temperatures listed on the Temperature Select
dial) or the V ARIABLE control knob (which allows for a wider range of
temperature adjustment to any setting between +10°C and -30°C).
The Control Chassis for the TE-1500 contains electrical and pneumatic
components necessary for control of bath operations. The Control
Chassis front panel provides control options, including the bath power
and heater switches, temperature selection dial, and related fine-tuning
controls for regulating bath temperature.
Bath Vessel Housing
Power cables
Air hoses
The Bath Vessel Housing for the TE-1500 rests on top of the lower
Control Chassis. It contains a rectangular aluminum bath vessel with a
four pane, custom-designed glass window .
The Bath Vessel Housing also contains the thermoelectric modules,
finned heat sinks, fans, and fluorescent lamps with ballasts. The rear
panel has two power connectors from the lower Control Chassis, two air
pump connectors from the Control Chassis, and the bath fluid Overflow
Jar along with integral pump and tubing connections for the TE-1500
bath fluid circulation system.
T wo large diameter power cables (AC and DC) with circular connectors
on their ends are provided to take power from the lower Control Chassis
up to the upper Bath Vessel Housing. Connectors have been designed to
attach only in the proper configuration.
T wo small diameter silicone air hoses (tube assemblies) with twist/lock
pneumatic connectors on their ends are provided to supply and return
recirculated bath vapors between the upper Bath Vessel and the Control
Chassis. Connectors have been designed to attach only in the proper
configuration.
Overflow jar
One glass jar with lid is provided to catch the bath overflow liquid. This jar
is to be placed on the rear jar support and joined to the bath fluid control
system with the provided segments of small diameter silicone tubing. Fluid
from the jar may be recirculated to the TE-1500 bath vessel by depressing
the button marked PUSH TO FILL on the rear panel of the instrument.
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TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
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Instrument Company
3
Temperature probe
Miscellaneous accessories
Bath apertures
Solid-state control circuitry
Safety features
Overtemp thermostat
One thermistor sensor assembly is provided. The cable from the temperature probe is to be plugged into the back of the lower Control Chassis.
T wo hole covers, one 1/4-20 cap nut, and one mercury thermometer
holder are provided.
The top cover of the Bath Unit contains two round holes 51 mm (two
inches) in diameter for insertion of viscometer holders. One additional
hole is provided for a thermometer.
A solid-state control circuit provides proportional control of temperature.
The sensing element for the control circuit is a stainless steel-encased
thermistor.
The following safety features are incorporated into the TE-1500 design:
If the temperature of the bath exceeds the operating limit (+38°C), an
internal thermostat senses the over-temperature fault condition. If such a
condition occurs, the green lamp above the on/off power will extinguish.
All power will be removed from the heater and cooling system until the
internal temperature decreases sufficiently. To reset the thermostat, verify
that the bath liquid temperature is below +38°C, turn off power to the
bath for 20 seconds and then restore power.
Probe disconnect detection
Overflow drain
Operator safety
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Revision 1.1b—November, 1998; CANNON
If the temperature probe is disconnected, all power to the bath heater and
bath coolers will be cut off.
If the liquid level in the bath is too high, excess bath liquid will flow into
a glass jar located on the bath’s overflow platform.
All technicians who use the TE-1500 should follow these basic safety
procedures:
Do not place the TE-1500 system on an unstable cart or stand. The
TE-1500 should be placed on a stable laboratory table or bench.
Keep the TE-1500 away from tubs, sinks, or other water vessels. If
any liquids are spilled into the electronic components of the TE1500, remove power from the unit and contact CANNON
ment Company before resuming TE-1500 operations.
®
Instru-
Make sure that the TE-1500 is plugged into a grounded outlet.
Do not position power cords so that they are likely to be walked on
or pinched by items placed on or against them. Keep all connections
as neat as possible.
If the TE-1500 will not be used for an extended period of time,
unplug the power cord from the wall outlet. To disconnect the power
cord, pull it out by the plug. Never pull the cord itself.
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
4
General Caution
Protective Conductor
WARNING
Do not attempt to service to TE-1500 system by removing panels and
trying to effect repairs. Contact CANNON
all service and repair needs.
®
Instrument Company for
Use a bath fluid appropriate for the desired test temperature and
operational environment. Use all proper safety precautions when
handling the bath fluid in use (refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet
included with the bath fluid for more detail).
In addition to the warnings listed above, additional cautions are posted
throughout the manual. These warnings may be designated by an appropriate symbol inside an equilateral triangle. General cautions are indicated with an exclamation point (see diagram, left). Read and follow
these important instructions. Failure to observe these instructions can
result in permanent damage to the unit, significant property damage,
personal injury or death.
The Protective Conductor Terminal symbol is used to indicate required
ground connections for your instrument electrical supply .
When supplying power to this instrument, connect the protective ground
(earth) terminals of the instrument to the protective conductor of the
(supplied) line (MAINS) power cord. The main plug for the power cord
should only be inserted in a socket outlet (receptacle) provided with a
protective ground (earth) contact.
cable) without a protective conductor (grounding).
Do not use an extension cord (power
AC Power Input Symbol
( O )
Supply OFF Symbol
The ~MAINS symbol indicates instructions or connections for the AC
power supply . The AC Power input must match the electrical specifications listed on the label on the rear panel of the instrument. The supplied
AC Mains power cord must be attached to the connector labelled
~MAINS. This connection serves as a means of disconnect and should be
readily accessible.
The (O) symbol indicates the OFF position for the electrical switches for
your unit (AC Mains or accessories).
Do not use this equipment in a manner not specified by the manufacturer.
If you do, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired,
and you may void the manufacturer warranty .
CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
TE-1500 specifications
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CANNON
Revision 1.1b—November, 1998; CANNON
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
"4/1x"4/1-1,A6V052M,F0051-ET
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
®
Instrument Company
6
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CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
®
Instrument Company
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
CHAPTER
7
2
NOTE
Unpacking
CAUTION
UNPACKING & ASSEMBLY
The TE-1500 system is ordinarily shipped in 2 boxes. Please check the
packing list to make sure that all items have been received. The bath unit
housing is shipped completely assembled with the exception of the
Overflow Jar, tubing, and connecting cables.
Retain all packing materials until the TE-1500 is connected and functioning properly. If any component must be returned to CANNON® Instrument Company, it should be packed in its original shipping container.
Some TE-1500 components are quite heavy. To avoid injury, obtain
necessary assistance when lifting and moving shipping cartons and
heavier unpacked components.
Remove all components from their shipping cartons.
Remove any and all packing materials included to prevent shipping
damage (styrofoam, etc.) from the components.
Inspect all components for damage. Report any damage to the
shipper and to CANNON
®
Instrument Company immediately .
Damaged items
Retain all packing materials until the instrument is connected and functioning properly. If any component(s) must be returned to
CANNON® Instrument Company , the damaged item(s) should be pack-
aged in the original shipping container. Refer to the final chapter of this
manual for instructions on returning defective equipment. Customers
outside the United States should contact the local CANNON® agent for
procedures on returning products to CANNON® .
Before beginning assembly , please verify that all components listed on
the packing slip are present.
Physical placement
The TE-1500 should be located on a stable, nonflammable laboratory
bench or tabletop in a position permitting convenient access to the front
and rear of the unit. The bath requires adequate ventilation for the
integral cooling fans, so a space of at least eight inches should be provided between the rear and both sides of the TE-1500 and any wall or
other obstruction. A clearance area on the right side of the unit is necessary to allow access to the rear pump switch. An electrical service
MAINS power outlet matching the electrical specifications on the label
on the TE-1500 rear panel must be located within nine feet of the unit.
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Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
8
Assembly
1. Position the Control Chassis in its desired location for operation.
2. Place the Bath Vessel Housing on top of the Control Chassis. The
rear mounted alignment bolt on the top rear of the Control Chassis
must mate with the hole in the alignment bracket on the bottom rear
of the upper Bath Vessel Housing.
3. Secure the connection with the supplied cap nut. The cap nut should
only be finger-tightened (see Figure 2).
4. Position the Overflow Jar on the rear platform. If the jar platform has
not yet been installed, follow the platform installation instructions in
the following section of this manual.
5. Slide the tubing from the Control Chassis reciprocating pump onto
the connector on the bottom of the Overflow Jar. Ensure that the
connection is secure.
Figure 2: Securing the Bath
Vessel Housing to the
Control Chassis
6. Place the drain tube from the bath into the Overflow Jar through the
circular opening in the cap of the Overflow Jar.
Pneumatic connections
The pneumatic connections on the TE-1500 provide the bath agitation
and subsequent stirring by recirculating the bath vapors. To complete
pneumatic connections, locate the two silicone tube assemblies. These
assemblies have quick-connect bayonet style connectors on their ends.
Attach one of the tube assemblies to the AIR OUT connection on the
Electrical connections
The electrical connections on the TE-1500 provide power to the instrument and transfer bath power (AC and DC) from the Control Chassis to
operational components built into the Bath Vessel Housing (see Figure
3). Sensor information from the temperature probe is transferred to the
Control Chassis via the TEMP PROBE connection.
Control Chassis. Attach the other end of the assembly to its mating
connection on the Bath Vessel Housing (see Figure 3, next page).
Attach the other assembly to the AIR IN connection on the Control
Chassis. Attach the other end of the assembly to its mating connection on the Bath Vessel Housing. To secure the connections, insert the
bayonet connector from each hose into its mating connection and
turn clockwise 1/8 turn to lock.
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Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
Figure 3: TE-1500 Control Chassis rear panel with Bath Vessel AC and
DC power connections highlighted
9
DC/AC power
Probe connection
PUMP connection
T wo 12"-long electrical cables deliver DC and AC bath power from the
Control Chassis up to the Bath Vessel Housing. Both of these cables have
circular plastic connectors on their ends.
Attach both of these cables to their matching connectors on the
Control Chassis and Bath Housing. Ensure a good connection by
turning the locking ring on every plug until a slight “click” is felt.
The cable with three large rectangular pins carries DC bath power to
the Bath Vessel Housing from the Control Chassis. The cable with
nine smaller circular pins carries AC bath power from the Control
Chassis to the Bath Vessel Housing.
Connect the small cable with the metal LEMO
®
connector to the
TEMP PROBE connection on the Control Chassis by aligning the
red dot on the LEMO
®
connector with the matching dot on the
connection and pushing the connector in until a small "click" is felt.
This connection is keyed and operates as a bayonet with a simple
push in (no twisting). To remove the connector, pull out on the
knurled section. This cable carries the temperature probe signal from
the upper Bath Vessel Housing to the Control Chassis.
Using its attached plastic connector, connect the small wire cable
from the liquid pump to the PUMP connection on the lower Control
Chassis. This connection is keyed and it operates as a bayonet with a
simple push in (no twisting). The keyway must be facing upward or
insertion will not be permitted. When this connector is properly
inserted, a small “click” can be felt. Removal is accomplished with a
simple pull. This cable provides power to the Reciprocating Pump.
Mains power connection
Before connecting the instrument to your mains power source, add
bath fluid per manual instructions. See page 13 for more information
on the mains connection.
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Revision 1.1b—November, 1998; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
10
Platform/pump assembly
The platform and pump assembly may be completed with the following
items provided by CANNON
®
Overflow Platform
Assembly screws (2)
Reciprocating Pump
Pre-cut tubing (approx. 12", 8" & 4" lengths)
1. If the rear platform is not yet attached to the Bath Vessel Housing,
attach it using the two 6-32 screws provided. The tabs which will
hold the Overflow Jar in place should be facing upward.
2. After the platform is securely in place, attach the 12" tubing to the
bath intake at the top rear of the Bath Vessel Housing by pushing the
tubing firmly over the intake nozzle. Then attach the other end of the
tube to the hose connection on top of the Reciprocating Pump (next
to the electric wire) in the same fashion.
3. Insert the other end of the reciprocating pump into the small hole on
the Overflow Platform so that the pump rests on the platform.
4. Attach one end of the
8" tube to the bottom
connection on the
Reciprocating Pump.
5. Attach the 4" tube to
the Bath Vessel
Housing overflow
outlet located above
the Overflow Platform. Place the
Overflow Jar on the
platform, inserting
the other end of the
4" tube through the
lid of the jar.
Figure 4: Overflow jar with platform and
pump installed
6. Attach the other end of the 8" tube to the connector on the underside
of the Overflow Jar. Make sure that all connections are secure.
7. Ensure that the cable from the liquid pump is secured to the PUMP
connection on the lower Control Chassis (see instructions, page 7).
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TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
Selecting a bath liquid
11
The “Ideal” Bath Liquid
Temperature Ranges
The “ideal” bath liquid would have a low viscosity , high heat capacity,
and low vapor pressure over a wide range of temperatures. This liquid
would also have a very high flash point and be relatively inexpensive. If
the liquid were to be used in kinematic viscosity measurements where
visual observation is important, it would be clear and colorless.
Unfortunately , there is no one “ideal” liquid to use when a wide temperature range is needed. No single liquid meets all of the above requirements.
The kind of liquid used in the TE-1500 Temperature Bath depends upon
the desired temperature range of the instrument. The table below lists
several different operating ranges and the liquids suitable for use in those
ranges:
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ERUTAREPMET
EGNAR
HTABELBATIUS
SDIUQIL
C°01+otC°03-lohoclAlyhteM
C°01+otC°01-lohoclAlyporposI
lohoclAlyhtE
CAUTION
CAUTION
CAUTION
C°01+otC°5+sliOytiso
Methyl alcohol (methanol) is very close to the “ideal” liquid; it can be
used at all temperatures in the TE-1500 operating range. However,
methanol may not be suitable for some laboratories because of its low
flash point and degree of toxicity.
Isopropyl alcohol is less toxic than methyl alcohol and somewhat less
volatile. However, it becomes very viscous at low temperatures, making
it difficult to maintain good temperature control.
Silicone fluids CANNOT be used in the TE-1500 Constant Temperature
Bath. NEVER place a silicone liquid in the TE-1500.
Do not attempt to use water as a bath fluid for operation at temperatures
of 2°C or lower.
csiVwoL,retaW
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TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
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®
Instrument Company
12
Bath Liquid Guidelines
TAEH
Filling the bath
When selecting a liquid for use in the TE-1500, keep the following
guidelines in mind:
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rofseciohcrehtotsoM.sdiulfcinagrotsomfoyticapactaehehteciwttuobasah
YTICAPAC
iulfhtab
tpmettaTONoD(.retawfoyticapactaehehtfoflahtuobaevahlliwsd
).rewolroC°2foserutarepmettanoitareporofdiulfhtabasaretawesuot
.tnemhsinelpertneuqerferiuqerlliwelitalovylevitalersihcihwdiuqilA
YTILITALOV
,tceffegniloocasecudorpecafrushtabehttanoitaropavedipar,eromrehtruF
.tluciffideromlortnocerutarepmetgnikam
Select a bath liquid appropriate for the intended operating temperature(s)
for the TE-1500 (see above).
Initially fill the reservoir with the bath liquid until the liquid level reaches
the overflow hole (see Figure 5) drilled into the wall of the bath.
NOTE
WARNING
When operating at control temperature, the liquid level in the bath should
be about 20 mm (approx. 3/4" below the bath cover). Liquid must cover
the top edge of the baffle.
As the bath cools down to the
operating temperature, add
more bath fluid if necessary
to maintain the bath level. If
there is bath liquid in the
Overflow Jar, depress the
circular push button on the
upper left corner of the Control
Chassis. This button activates
the Reciprocating Pump
which returns liquid from the
Overflow Jar to the bath.
Do not purposely overfill the TE-1500 bath, anticipating the contraction of
the bath liquid when it cools. The addition of more bath liquid should
occur ONLY when test temperature has been reached, and ONLY if the
liquid level is too low. Initially overfilling the bath will compromise the
overflow system, and could result in bath liquid spilling into the TE-1500,
possibly damaging the internal components and creating a hazard.
Figure 5:
Bath with overflow hole highlighted
Overflow
A void filling the bath more than necessary after cooling to temperatures
below -20°C. The bath liquid will expand as the temperature increases.
Excess liquid will drain off into the Overflow Jar in the rear of the bath.
Periodically check the amount of liquid in the Overflow Jar. Drain the
Overflow Jar when necessary.
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TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
Mains power connection
Attach the MAINS power cord to the connection on the Control Chassis.
Make certain that the instrument power switch on the Control Chassis is
in the OFF position, then plug the power cord into a wall outlet with
electrical specifications matching those on the label on the Control
Chassis rear panel.
the TE-1500 power connection.
Draining the bath
13
Use only the supplied, approved appliance cord for
CAUTION
CAUTION
Remove power from the TE-1500 before attempting to remove bath fluid.
Only remove bath fluid if the bath fluid temperature is within 10°C of
ambient.
Use a siphon, inserted through
one of the holes for viscometers, to remove fluid from the
bath. Never attempt to open
the metal bath enclosure.
Bath fluid for the TE-1500 will
need to be replaced periodically . Depending on the grade
of alcohol being used as a bath
liquid, the frequency of replacement may vary greatly .
Contaminants contained in
solution with the alcohol will
remain as sediment in the bath
after the alcohol evaporates. All
Figure 6: Removing fluid to a
grounded metal waste receiver with
a siphon
sediment should be removed
when replacing bath fluid. If the bath is always maintained at a cold
temperature and the holes at the top are always covered, the rate of
evaporation of the alcohol will be reduced.
Procedure
The bath liquid in the TE-1500 should be removed by siphoning action.
A general purpose siphon (see Figure 6) is available wherever kerosene
heaters are sold. This simple plastic device has an integral squeeze pump
to start the siphoning with a long, straight input hose and a flexible
output hose.
An alternate method is a vacuum system with a container trap for containment of the bath fluid. The continuous vacuum in such a system
provides an easy means to remove any solid dirt particles and completely
empty the bath.
Using a siphon or vacuum hose placed into one of the two instrument
holes at the top, transfer all of the bath liquid into another container
(Metal waste receivers, if used, should be grounded). Briefly turn on bath
power and energize the Reciprocating Pump by depressing the circular
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Revision 1.1b—November, 1998; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
14
push button on the upper left corner of the Control Chassis rear panel.
This will empty any remaining fluid from the Overflow Jar and connection hoses into the bath. T urn off the TE-1500 after the remaining fluid
has been returned to the bath vessel.
CAUTION
Do NOT leave TE-1500 power on without liquid in the bath!
Siphon or vacuum the remaining bath liquid from the bath vessel.
Inserting viscometer tubes/thermometers
The top cover of the TE-1500 contains two round holes 51 mm (two
inches) in diameter for the insertion of viscometer tube holders. An
additional hole is provided for the insertion of a thermometer.
Viscometer tube insertion
Thermometer immersion
Remove the cover(s) from the top of the bath and carefully place the
viscometer tube(s) into the plastic holders in the top cover. Insert the
tube(s) slowly to permit adequate time for the bath liquid displaced by
the tubes to drain through the overflow hole into the Overflow Jar.
Monitor the liquid level in the Overflow Jar carefully . If necessary, empty
excess fluid from the jar.
Proper thermometer immersion is critical for viscosity measurements.
Even a calibrated thermometer will read incorrectly if is it improperly
immersed in the bath. “T otal immersion” kinematic viscosity thermometers should be used with the bulb and entire mercury column beneath the
surface of the liquid, but with the emergent stem above the surface at
ambient temperatures.
NOTE
Kinematic viscosity thermometers are available from CANNON
®
Instrument Company. Consult APPENDIX A (Thermometry) for additional details.
Different thermometers have different installation requirements. Refer to
the information included with the thermometer in use for specific installation instructions.
CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
CHAPTER
15
3
Setting the temperature
Front Panel Description
The controls for the TE-1500 are divided into 4 different “control areas”,
as shown on the front panel (see Figure 7). In this manual, the four
control areas will be abbreviated as follows:
Front Panel Control Areas
CONTROL AREA ABBREVIATION
POWER P
TEMPERATURE T
BATH OPERATION
Start-up Procedure
TEMPERATURE ADJUST TA
HEAT H
Figure 7: TE-1500 front panel
1. Verify that the TE-1500 has been assembled and installed correctly.
2. Turn the bath POWER switch on. The green lamp above the POWER
switch should illuminate, indicating the thermostat is functioning. The
green lamp in the switch indicates active “mains” power.
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TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
16
CAUTION
Do not operate the TE-1500 with an inadequate volume of liquid in the
bath vessel.
3. Turn on the LIGHTS switch on the front panel and verify that the
lamps illuminating the interior of the bath are on.
Temperature control options
There are two ways to set the TE-1500 Bath temperature, preset or
custom temperature selection. Both procedures are described in the
following sections. If the desired bath temperature corresponds to a value
on the Temperature Select switch, use the Pre-Set Temperature Selec-
tion procedure. If the temperature is not one of the Temperature Select
switch values, use the Custom Temperature Selection procedure.
Note that dials and switches are identified with their control area abbreviations. For example, T A - FIXED refers to the left-hand dial (marked
FIXED) in the TEMPERA TURE ADJUST section of the control panel.
NOTE
Both Temperature Adjust dials on the
TE-1500 are equipped with dial locks
(see Figure 8) to prevent accidental
changing of dial settings. Push the
lock upward to release the lock and
move the dial. When the dial has
been set to the proper position, push
down on the lock to relock the dial.
Pre-Set Temperature Selection
Selection procedure
NOTE
Before beginning the temperature
selection procedures, release the dial
locks on the TA-FIXED and TA-
VARIABLE dials and set the dials to
their midpoints (500). Then relock the
Figure 8:
Dial lock on TA-VARIABLE dial
dials.
1. Turn the T - SELECT dial to the appropriate temperature.
The green LED on the right side of the front panel will glow while the
cooling units are operating. This light does not mean that the bath is at
the proper operating temperature. Do NOT use this lamp to gauge the
temperature of the bath. Always use the thermometer in the bath to
confirm bath temperature.
2. Move the TA-SELECT switch to the left (FIXED) position.
3. If the desired temperature is warmer than the present bath temperature, turn on the H - HEAT switch . When the switch is turned on,
the HEAT LED on the front panel will glow continuously until the
desired temperature is reached. To achieve temperature stability more
quickly, turn the H - HEA T switch off approximately 2-3°C before
your temperature probe indicates the desired temperature.
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Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
17
NOTE
NOTE
NOTES
Make sure to turn the H - HEAT switch off when the desired temperature
has been reached. Otherwise, the temperature stability of the Bath will
not be optimum.
4. If the bath fails to equilibrate within 0.01°C of the desired control
temperature, release the lock on the TA - FIXED dial.
5. Turn the TA - FIXED dial to adjust the temperature. After each
adjustment, allow several minutes for bath temperature to stabilize.
Turn the switch clockwise to increase the bath temperature. Turn the
switch counterclockwise to decrease the bath temperature.
6. When the desired temperature has been reached, relock the TA FIXED dial.
You may wish to record the dial setting and temperature for future
reference in the event that it is necessary to alter the position of the TA -
FIXED dial for control at a different temperature setting.
If the desired preset temperature cannot be obtained by adjusting the TA
- FIXED dial, make sure that the T A - SELECT switch is set to the left
position. If the temperature still cannot be attained using the TA - FIXED
dial, it may be necessary to adjust the small trimpots below the front
panel (see Adjusting Trimpots, next page).
Custom Temperature Selection
Selection procedure
NOTE
NOTE
1. Turn the T - SELECT dial to the temperature closest to the desired
temperature.
The green LED on the right side of the front panel will glow while the
cooling units are operating. This light does not mean that the bath is at
the proper operating temperature. Do NOT use this lamp to gauge the
temperature of the bath. Always use the thermometer in the bath to
confirm bath temperature.
2. Move the TA - SELECT switch to the right (the VARIABLE position).
3. If the desired temperature is warmer than the present bath temperature, turn on the H - HEAT switch . When the switch is turned on,
the HEAT LED on the front panel will glow continuously until the
desired temperature is reached. To achieve temperature stability more
quickly, turn the H - HEAT switch off approximately 2-3°C before
your temperature probe indicates the desired temperature.
Make sure to turn the H - HEAT switch off when the desired temperature
has been reached. Otherwise, the temperature stability of the Bath will
not be optimum.
4. After the bath equilibrates, release the lock on the TA - VARIABLE
switch.
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TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
18
5. Turn the TA - VARIABLE switch to adjust the temperature. After
each adjustment, allow several minutes for the bath temperature to
stabilize.
NOTE
NOTE
Adjusting trimpots
Turn the switch clockwise to increase the bath temperature. Turn the
switch counterclockwise to decrease the bath temperature.
6. When the bath thermometer indicates that the desired temperature
has been reached, relock the TA - V ARIABLE switch.
If the desired temperature is within 2 or 3 °C of a temperature listed on
the T - SELECT dial, it may be possible to attain the temperature using
the T A - FIXED dial. Because this dial has a finer adjustment than the TA
-VARIABLE dial, the final temperature can be more easily obtained. To
try this alternative method, follow the previous instructions, using the TA -
FIXED dial instead of the TA - VARIABLE dial.
If you are unable to attain one of the preset bath temperatures using the
procedure on pages 14-15 for preset temperature selection, it may be
necessary to adjust the trimpots (also called potentiometers), which have
been factory-calibrated to maintain the preset temperatures on the T-
SELECT dial.
Before adjusting the trimpots, follow this procedure:
Locating trimpots
Trimpots /
TA - FIXED
dial
1. Turn on the bath power.
2. Set the T A - SELECT switch to the FIXED (left) position.
3. Set the T - SELECT dial to the desired temperature setting.
4. Set the TA - FIXED dial to its midpoint (500).
5. Allow the bath to equilibrate.
The trimpots (see Figure 9, next page) are located immediately behind
the removable panel below the front control panel, and may be accessed
by removing the two thumbscrews which hold the removable panel in
place.
Each trimpot is labelled with a number corresponding to one of the
temperatures listed on the T -SELECT dial. These trimpots are calibrated
so that the T A - FIXED dial will be at the approximate midpoint (5 on the
10-turn dial) of its range when the bath is stabilized at the control temperature (Setting the T A - FIXED dial at the midpoint ensures maximum
adjustment potential in either direction to establish the desired temperature).
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Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
Figure 9: TE-1500 trimpots
19
Adjusting Trimpots
Customizing Temperatures
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE procedure
With the TA - FIXED dial set at its midpoint (500), use the small screw-
driver included with the TE-1500 to adjust the trimpot
corresponding to
the selected temperature. Turning the trimpot clockwise will increase
temperature; turning the trimpot counterclockwise will decrease bath
temperature. Allow several minutes between adjustments for the temperature in the bath to stabilize. Verify the bath temperature using a calibrated
reference thermometer. Continue adjusting the trimpot until the equilibrium temperature matches the value on the T - SELECT dial.
If one of the temperatures listed on the T - SELECT dial is never used,
that setting may be used to set a permanent custom temperature setting.
This procedure works only if the custom temperature is relatively close to
the preset temperature.
If the temperature +10°C is never used, and the temperature +5°C is used
frequently , the TE-1500 can be customized to reach a temperature of
+5°C automatically.
T o change the +10°C setting to consistently reach a temperature of +5°C:
1. Turn the T - SELECT dial to +10°C.
IMPORTANT
2. Turn the TA - FIXED dial to the midpoint (500).
3. Move the TA-SELECT switch to the right (the VARIABLE position).
4. Adjust the +10°C trimpot until the thermometer in the TE-1500 Bath
indicates that the Bath is now controlling at +5°C (this may also
involve adjusting the TA - FIXED dial).
5. Make sure to note for future reference that this temperature setting
has been changed from the preset temperature shown on the T-
SELECT dial to the customized temperature.
Whenever the customized temperature is the desired temperature for a
test, make sure the TA-SELECT switch is in the VARIABLE position.
CANNON
Revision 1.1b—November, 1998; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
20
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CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
®
Instrument Company
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
CHAPTER
21
4
The TE-1500 was designed for minimal care and maximum reliability.
By following a few basic rules of preventative maintenance, the TE1500 should provide years of trouble-free operation.
MAINTENANCE
Preventative (scheduled) maintenance
The TE-1500 requires a minimum amount of maintenance at intervals
that are entirely dependent upon the environment and the degree of
usage. In the typical situation of an average modern laboratory
performing a dozen tests daily , the following tasks should be performed every six months. If the bath is located in a dirty environment
and/or is heavily used, the preventative maintenance listed below
should be scheduled on a monthly basis.
CAUTION
Remove power from the bath before cleaning or maintenance.
Appropriate eye protection (safety goggles) is also required.
Cleaning the painted surfaces and front panel
Cleaning the fans and heat sinks
Cleaning fans
The finish of the TE-1500 is a baked-on epoxy enamel in colors of
almond and black. This paint is virtually immune to most solvents,
however, if acetone is rubbed on the painted surfaces, the paint will be
removed. A good quality household cleaner may be used on all
painted surfaces and the front panel. Do not spray the cleaning fluid
directly on any surface, especially the area where the fans and heat
sinks are located. The liquid will harden dust particles and cause an
accumulation of dust to be imbedded into the heat sinks and make
removal very difficult. Instead, a soft cloth should be sprayed with the
cleaning solution and the cloth should be used to transfer the solution
to the surface of the instrument.
Dust and dirt will accumulate with time in the small gaps of the air
heat sinks and around the blades of the fans. These deposits will affect
the cooling effectiveness of the thermoelectric cells and will ultimately
affect the ability of the bath to function at cold temperatures.
Use a compressed air source to blow the dust away . Move the upper
Bath Vessel Assembly outside or away from any clean environment.
Apply the blasts of clean air through the fans on the sides and the rear,
and alternately apply blasts of air directly into the heat sinks. This can
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Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
22
be accomplished without removal of any panels surrounding this upper
Bath Vessel Housing.
Cleaning heat sinks
Removing side panels/
accessing fluorescent lamps
Compressed air cleaning
If the bath is operating in a high humidity environment, dirt may become
very hard and encrusted on the fins of the heat sinks. If this condition is
noticed, it will be necessary to remove the left and right side panels to
gain access to the heat sinks.
T o remove the side panel(s), first verify that the bath power cord has been
disconnected from the power supply . Remove the four screws which hold
the panel in place. Slide the detached side panel outward for a small
distance, then upward to avoid striking the fluorescent lamp.
Using a soft, long bristled brush (available in automotive departments for
cleaning wire wheels) loosen the encrusted dust and then blow it away
with the compressed air source. Care should be taken to not bend or
crush the fins of the heat sinks.
Reassemble the side panels back onto the Bath Vessel Housing by
reversing the removal procedure.
If a central or self-contained air compressor line with a blow gun is not
available, compressed air (aerosol) cans may be obtained from most
computer supply dealers. These cans may be used with a long nozzle to
help direct the air into a small area.
CAUTION
Eye protection should always be worn when using compressed air.
Cleaning the bath window
The viewing window on the TE-1500 is constructed with four panes of low
emissivity glass with all panes tempered for safety. The space between these
panes are filled with a gas and sealed to provide a frost-free viewing window . The outside (front) surface of this window may become smudged and
dirty and should be cleaned with common household window cleaner. Apply
window cleaner to a soft cloth and wipe on the front window of bath.
NOTE
Do not spray cleaner directly on front face of the glass.
Cleaning the inside of the bath vessel
T o clean the inside of the bath vessel, empty the bath using the procedure
described on page 11 of this manual.
After all of the bath liquid has been removed and the bath vessel is at
room temperature, cleaning can begin. Use a long-handled brush and a
good quality liquid household cleaner. Spray the liquid cleaning agent
through one of the top holes in the bath vessel and use the brush to scrub
off residue on the baffle, side walls, and bath window. Rinse the vessel
with water and use a siphon or vacuum system to remove the remaining
mixture from the vessel. Ensure that the vessel is clean and dry before
refilling with clean alcohol. Use lint-free towels to wipe the vessel dry if
a vacuum system is not available.
CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
CHAPTER
23
5
TROUBLESHOOTING
MOTPMYS ESUACELBABORP NOITULOS
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niDELdnagninoitcnuf
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naelc,rajwolfrevoytpme
.lohoclanaelchtiwrajdnaknat
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nisnoitcurtsnireppmalytluafehtecalpeR
dnalessevmorfdiulfhtabdlonohpiS
ssalgedisniknat
llifeR.mottobdnasedisknatdnawodniw
CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
24
MOTPMYS ESUACELBABORP NOITULOS
thgilrotacidnineergehT
sehctiwsrewopehtno
.dezigrene
dna”HTAB“rof
tonsillawehtnoteltuoSNIAMehT
.lenapSNIAMniesufecalperrorekaerbteseR
notnempiuqelanoitiddaybdedaolrevoebyamtiucriC
.esuf
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tonod”STHGIL“
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.0051-ETehtfokcabehtnorotcennoc
.0051-ETehtfokcab
.nwolberasesuFllaC NONNAC
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neergrehtoehttub
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.
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wemit
dekcolbsnafgniloocehthti
®
®
.ecivreSremotsuC
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.rewop
/lortnocerutarepmeT
.roopsiytilibats
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sidiuqilehtfoecafrusehttahtoshtabotdiuqilddA
)etihw(raerehtfoegdepotehtevobahcni2/1tuoba
.elffab
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itmottobehT.rosnestneiroeR
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aelffabetihweht
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.noitarepo
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sidiuqilehtfoecafrusehttahtoshtabotdiuq
.elffabehtfoegdepotehtevobahcni2/1tuoba
CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
CHAPTER
25
6
USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS LIST
Part Number Description
P01.2060 CAP NUT, 1/4-20
P20.21 HOLE COVERS WITH BLACK KNOBS
P20.22 THERMOMETER HOLDER
P27.1300 FLOURESCENT LAMP (F6T5/CW)
P28.0579 AC POWER CABLE ASSEMBLY
P28.0695 JAR ASSEMBL Y, BA TH OVERFLOW
P28.0704 TUBE ASSEMBL Y, AIR IN
P28.0705 TUBE ASSEMBL Y, AIR OUT
P28.0714 PUMP ASSEMBLY, RETURN LIQUID
P28.1450 BALLAST
P28.3255 CHECK VAL VE POLYPROPYLENE HSNG
P28.5710 AIRPUMP ASSEMBL Y
P28.6100 CABLE DC
P28.6200 CABLE AC
P28.6300 THERMISTOR PROBE 3K
P28.8000 ACCESSORIES KIT 120V
P28.8110 TUBING WA TER IN/OUT
P28.8120 8 OZ GLASS JARS
P28.8140 HOLE COVER
P28.8150 RESERVOIR PLUG (HEAT EXCHANGER)
P51.1210 SILICON TUBING, 1/4" OD, 3", 6", 11"
P52.3260.4 AIR FILTER MODIFIED
CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
26
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CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
®
Instrument Company
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
CHAPTER
27
7
Products limited warranty
In addition to other manufacturers’ warrantees, CANNON® Instrument
Company (“the Company”) warrants all products (other than reagents
and chemicals) delivered to and retained by their original purchasers to
be free from defect in material and workmanship for one year from the
date of the Company’s invoice to the purchaser. For a period of one year
from the date of such invoice, the Company will correct, either by repair
or replacement at the Company’s sole election, any defect in material or
workmanship (not including defects due to misuse, abuse, abnormal
conditions or operation, accident or acts of God, or to service or modification of the product without prior authorization of the Company)
without charge for parts and labor. The determination of whether any
product has been subject to misuse or abuse will be made solely by the
Company.
WARRANTY/RETURN
INFORMATION
The Company shall not be liable for any special, incidental, or consequential damages, or any damage to plant, personnel, equipment or
products, directly or indirectly resulting from the use or misuse of any
product. Representations and warranties made by any person, including
dealers and representatives of the Company , which are inconsistent, in
conflict with, or in excess of the terms of this warranty shall not be
binding upon the Company unless placed in writing and approved by an
officer of the Company.
Reagent and chemical warranty
CANNON® Instrument Company (“the Company”) warrants all reagents
and chemicals sold by the Company and delivered to and retained by
their original purchasers to conform to the weight, specifications and
standards stated on the package. The Company will, at its sole option,
either replace or refund the price (net of freight, handling charges and
taxes), of any reagent or chemical sold by the Company which does not
conform to such weight, specifications and standards upon the prompt
return of the unused portion. Except for replacement or refund of the net
price, the Company shall not be liable for any damages occurring as a
consequence of the failure of any reagent or chemical sold by the Company to conform to the weight, specifications and standards stated on the
package.
CANNON
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®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
28
Returning a product to CANNON
Procedure
Before returning a CANNON® product for repair or service, make every
attempt to identify the problem. If, after careful checking, the problem
remains unidentified or unsolved, telephone CANNON
Company (or the local service agent) to consult with a product specialist.
If the specialist cannot recommend a simple solution or repair, CAN-
®
will authorize the return of the product through the issuance of a
NON
Return Authorization number (RA).
CANNON
®
Telephone Number 814-353-8000
CANNON® Fax Number 814-353-8007
Products returned to CANNON
to the following address:
CANNON Instrument Company
A TTN: Return Authorization # __________
2139 High Tech Road
State College, PA 16803 USA
Please include the following:
®
®
Instrument
®
must be carefully packed. Ship prepaid
Required information
Hazardous materials
Shipping notification
• The Return Authorization number (RA).
• The name and telephone number of the person at your company to
contact regarding the product.
• Shipping and billing instructions for the return of the product to your
location.
• A detailed explanation of the reason for the return.
If the product is not covered by warranty , the customer will be provided
with an estimate of the repair costs and asked for approval before any
repairs are made. The customer will be required to issue a purchase order
for the cost of the repairs.
Stringent government regulations restrict the shipment of mercury. Please
contact CANNON® before returning a product that could possibly
contain mercury.
Products returned without prior notification (by either telephone or fax),
or without Cannon’s authorization, will not be accepted.
The customer may be billed a testing fee if a product is returned to
CANNON® and found to be working properly.
CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
CHAPTER
29
A
APPENDIX A—THERMOMETRY
Kinematic viscosity and temperature
Kinematic viscosity is an extremely temperature-sensitive measurement a change of 1°C can sometimes lead to a viscosity change of 10 percent
or more. Therefore, it is not surprising that temperature measurement and
control are the most common problems encountered by laboratories
performing accurate kinematic viscosity measurements.
Although capillary viscometers typically measure kinematic viscosity
with a precision of several tenths of one percent, measurements accurate
to within one tenth of one percent (0.1%) are possible. To achieve this,
temperatures must be measured with an accuracy of 0.01°C, and be
maintained within a range of ± 0.01°C.
Thermometers
All measurements should be made with the viscometer properly immersed in a liquid constant temperature bath. Ideally , a high-quality
standard platinum resistance thermometer with a precision bridge should
be used to determine the temperature of the bath. Because many laboratories cannot justify the cost of such a thermometer, CANNON® Instrument Company recommends the use of a calibrated ASTM kinematic
viscosity thermometer.
ASTM Thermometers
Thermometer Calibration
Thermometer Immersion
Each ASTM kinematic viscosity thermometer measures only 3 degrees
on a scale subdivided into 0.05°C units (equivalent thermometers are
available with Fahrenheit scales). These thermometers contain an icepoint scale which allows recalibration by determining the ice-point
temperature.
Calibration of the thermometer is very important. Often the true temperature of a liquid differs markedly from that shown on the thermometer
scale. It is not uncommon for kinematic viscosity thermometers to give
readings varying as much as 0.1°C from the actual temperature. The true
liquid temperature is obtained by applying the proper correction (as noted
on the original calibration certificate) to the reading showing on the
thermometer scale and including any difference obtained in a recent icepoint measurement of your thermometer.
Proper thermometer immersion is critical for viscosity measurements.
Even a calibrated thermometer will read incorrectly if it is improperly
immersed in the bath. “T otal immersion” kinematic viscosity thermometers should be used with the bulb and entire mercury column beneath the
surface of the liquid, but with the emergent stem above the surface at
ambient temperatures.
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NOTE
Different thermometers have different installation requirements. Refer to
the information included with the thermometer in use for specific installation instructions.
ASTM thermometer tables
The following tables show the ASTM thermometers available from
CANNON® Instrument Company:
ASTM CENTIGRADE THERMOMETERS
TYPE CATALOGUE # RANGE
74C 9311-K47 -55.4 to -52.6°C
73C 9311-K45 -41.4 to -38.6°C
126C 9311-K77 -27.4 to -24.6°C
127C 9311-K81 -21.4 to -18.6°C
72C 9311-K42 -19.4 to -16.6°C
128C 9311-K84 -1.4 to +1.4°C
44C 9311-K10 18.6 to 21.4°C
45C 9311-K20 23.6 to 26.4°C
118C 9311-K60 28.6 to 31.4°C
28C 9311-K05 36.6 to 39.4°C
120C 9311-K65 38.6 to 41.4°C
46C 9311-K30 48.6 to 51.4°C
29C 9311-K07 52.6 to 55.4°C
47C 9311-K40 58.6 to 61.4°C
129C 9311-K88 91.6 to 94.4°C
121C 9311-K70 98.6 to 101.4°C
110C 9311-K50 133.6 to 136.4°C
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ASTM FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETERS
Type Catalogue # Range
74F 9311-L80 -67.5 to -62.5°F
73F 9311-L73 -42.5 to -37.5°F
126F 9311-L98 -17.5 to -12.5°F
72F 9311-L66 -2.5 to +2.5°F
128F 9311-L97 29.5 to 34.5°F
44F 9311-L31 66.5 to 71.5°F
45F 9311-L38 74.5 to 79.5°F
31
118F 9311-L94 83.5 to 88.5°F
28F 9311-L10 97.5 to 102.5°F
46F 9311-L45 119.5 to 124.5°F
29F 9311-L17 127.5 to 132.5°F
47F 9311-L52 137.5 to 142.5°F
48F 9311-L59 177.5 to 182.5°F
129F 9311-L99 197.5 to 202.5°F
30F 9311-L24 207.5 to 212.5°F
110F 9311-L87 272.5 to 277.5°F
NOTE International shipments may be subject to special shipping regulations.
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ASTM D 445 — checking the ice point
Frequency
Method
T o achieve an accuracy of ± 0.02°C for calibrated kinematic viscosity
thermometers, a check at the ice point must be made. New thermometers
should be checked monthly for the first six months, then once every six
months
The following text outlines procedures for checking the ice point of a
thermometer. The text is adapted from:
1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 05.01, Method E77
ASTM Method E77 contains a detailed procedure for the measurement of
ice points. The instructions listed here are specifically designed for the
mercury-in-glass “kinematic viscosity” thermometers described in Table
2, and may not apply to other thermometers.
The ice point reading of kinematic viscosity thermometers should be
taken eight minutes after it has reached the test temperature. The measurement should be expressed to the nearest 0.01°C or 0.02°F.
Use clear pieces of ice, preferably made from distilled water. Do not use
any cloudy portions. Rinse the ice with distilled water and crush or shave
it into small pieces. Do not touch the ice with bare skin, or any chemical
contaminants.
Fill the Dewar vessel with the crushed ice and add enough distilled (and
preferably precooled) water to form a slush. Do not float the ice.
Place the thermometer into the slush, packing the ice gently around the
stem. Make sure the thermometer is deep enough such that the slush
covers the 0°C (32°F) graduation. As the ice melts drain some of the
water and add more crushed ice. Avoid thermometer contact with the
sides of the Dewar vessel.
After the thermometer has been in the slush mixture for 3 minutes, raise
the thermometer a few millimeters and tap the stem gently. Observe any
changes in the temperature reading. Repeat this procedure at 1 minute
intervals until temperature readings agree within one tenth of division.
Alternatively , some of the ice may clump around the stem above the ice
point, forming a deep narrow channel which enables the observation of
the temperature reading while kept below the level of the ice. If this is the
case, observations can be made as described above, without raising the
thermometer .
Record and compare successive readings. If they are higher or lower than
the readings from a previous calibration, readings at all other temperatures should be correspondingly increased or decreased.
CANNON
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NBS monograph 150:
Joining Separated Mercury Columns
The following text outlines procedures for joining separated mercury
columns in thermometers. The text is adapted from:
NBS MONOGRAPH 150 Liquid-In-Glass Thermometry
Wise, Jacquelyn A.
33
NOTE
(A)
(B)
Many inquiries are received concerning separated mercury column which
occur especially during shipment. Since no means of avoiding such
occurrences has yet been found, some directions for joining mercury may
be helpful and are described below .
The bulb of the thermometer may be cooled in a solution of common salt,
ice, and water (or other cooling agent) to bring the mercury down slowly
into the bulb. If the salt solution does not provide sufficient cooling,
carbon dioxide snow (dry ice) may be used. Since the temperature of dry
ice is approximately -78°C (-108°F), and mercury freezes at approximately -40°C (-40°F), the mercury will solidify. Cool only the bulb and
never the stem or mercury column. Moderate tapping of the bulb on a
rubber stopper or similar soft spongy object, or the application of centrifugal force, by swinging the thermometer in a short arc (i.e. use of
centrifugal force), usually serves to unite the mercury in the bulb. Care
must be taken to warm the top of the bulb first, so pressures in the bulb
due to expanding mercury may be relieved.
If there is a contraction chamber above the bulb or an expansion chamber
at the top of the thermometer, the mercury can sometimes be united by
warming the bulb until the column reaches the separated portions in
either enlargement. Great care is necessary to avoid filling the expansion
chamber completely with mercury , which might produce pressures large
enough to burst the bulb. (The expansion chamber should never be more
than 2/3 full). Joining the mercury is more readily accomplished if the
quantity in either cavity has been shattered into droplets by tapping the
thermometer laterally against the hand.
(C)
Organic liquid procedures
CANNON
This procedure should not be used it if requires the thermometer to be
heated above 260°C (500°F) and the bulb should never be heated in an
open flame.
As a last resort, especially for thermometers having no expansion chambers, small separated portions of the column can sometimes be dispersed
if mercury is warmed into droplets tiny enough to leave space for the gas
to by-pass. The thermometer is heated, and the droplets are collected by
the rising mercury column.
The procedure for thermometers containing organic liquids is similar.
Separated liquid in the stem can be vaporized and permitted to drain
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down the capillary . Another method consists of gently tapping the stem
above the separation against the palm of the hand, forcing the organic
fluid to break away from the wall of the capillary and flow down the bore
to join the main column.
Uniting gas bubbles
Viscosity standards
Minute gas bubbles, which are sometimes found along the surface of the
mercury in the thermometer bulb, may be collected by “washing” the
bulb with a large gas bubble. Bring all of the mercury into the bulb as
outlined in section (A). Hold the thermometer in a horizontal position
and gently tap it against the hand to form a large gas bubble. Force the
bubble to travel around the walls of the bulb by rotating the thermometer
and tapping it against the palm of the hand. When the entire surface has
been “washed” rotate the bubble to the top of the bulb and reunite the
mercury as described above.
All of these manipulations require patience, and experience is helpful,
but they will yield results if care is used. Results can be verified by
checking the ice point or some other reference point on the scale.
CANNON® Instrument Company recommends that laboratories check
their kinematic viscosity measurements with viscosity standards. If the
laboratory is using CANNON® calibrated viscometers and has developed
a good measuring technique, kinematic viscosity determination using a
standard will often point to temperature errors.
Viscosity standards should not be used to establish the correct tempera-
ture of the bath, however. Bath temperature should be checked and
corrected by applying the reliable thermometric techniques outlined
above.
CANNON
Revision 1.1b—January, 2007; CANNON
®
TE-1500 Thermoelectric Constant Temperature Bath
2139 High Tech Road • State College, PA 16803 • USA
®
Instrument Company
CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY®
2139 High Tech Road | State College, PA 16803 | USA
800-676-6232 | 814-343-8000 | Fax: 814-353-8007
sales@cannoninstrument.com | www.cannoninstrument.com
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