B&K Precision 4079 User Manual
Model: 4076, 4079
50 MHz Arbitrary Function Generator
USER MANUAL
SERVICE INFORMATION
Warranty Service: Please go the support and service section on our website www.bkprecision.com to obtain a RMA #. Return the
product in the original packaging with proof of purchase to the address below. Clearly state on the RMA the performance problem and
return any leads, probes, connectors and accessories that you are using with the device.
Non-Warranty Service: Please go the support and service section on our website www.bkprecision.com to obtain a RMA #. Return the
product in the original packaging to the address below. Clearly state on the RMA the performance problem and return any leads, probes,
connectors and accessories that you are using with the device. Customers not on an open account must include payment in the form of a
money order or credit card. For the most current repair charges please refer to the service and support section on our website.
Return all merchandise to B&K Precision Corp. with pre-paid shipping. The flat-rate repair charge for Non-Warranty Service does not
include return shipping. Return shipping to locations in North America is included for Warranty Service. For overnight shipments and
non-North American shipping fees please contact B&K Precision Corp.
B&K Precision Corp.
22820 Savi Ranch Parkway
Yorba Linda, CA 92887
www.bkprecision.com
714-921-9095
Include with the returned instrument your complete return shipping address, contact name, phone number and description of
problem.
LIMITED THREE-YEAR WARRANTY
B&K Precision Corp. warrants to the original purchaser that its products and the component parts thereof, will be free from defects in
workmanship and materials for a period of three years from date of purchase.
B&K Precision Corp. will, without charge, repair or replace, at its option, defective product or component parts. Returned product must
be accompanied by proof of the purchase date in the form of a sales receipt.
To obtain warranty coverage in the U.S.A., this product must be registered by completing a warranty registration form on our website
www.bkprecision.com
Exclusions: This warranty does not apply in the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alterations
or repairs. The warranty is void if the serial number is altered, defaced or removed.
B&K Precision Corp. shall not be liable for any consequential damages, including without limitation damages resulting from loss of use.
Some states do not allow limitations of incidental or consequential damages. So the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific rights and you may have other rights, which vary from state-to-state.
within fifteen (15) days of purchase.
B&K Precision Corp.
22820 Savi Ranch Parkway
Yorba Linda, CA 92887
www.bkprecision.com
714-921-9095
2
Do not alter the ground connection. Without the protective ground connection, all
accessible conductive parts (including control knobs) can render an electric shock.
The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet IEC
To avoid electrical shock hazard, disconnect power cord before removing covers.
Refer servicing to qualified personnel.
Safety Summary
The following safety precautions apply to both operating and maintenance personnel and must be
observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Before applying power,
follow the installation instructions and become familiar with the operating instructions for this
instrument.
Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates
safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. B&K PRECISION
assumes no liability for a customer’s failure to comply with these requirements. This is a Safety Class I
instrument.
GROUND THE INSTRUMENT
To minimize shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical
ground. This instrument is grounded through the ground conductor of the supplied, three-conductor ac
power cable. The power cable must be plugged into an approved three-conductor electrical outlet. Do
not alter the ground connection. Without the protective ground connection, all accessible conductive
parts (including control knobs) can render an electric shock. The power jack and mating plug of the
power cable meet IEC safety standards.
DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical
instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard.
KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS
Instrument covers must not be removed by operating personnel. Component replacement and internal
adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel. Disconnect the power cord before
removing the instrument covers and replacing components. Under certain conditions, even with the
power cable removed, dangerous voltages may exist. To avoid injuries, always disconnect power and
discharge circuits before touching them.
DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE
Do not attempt any internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable of rendering first aid
and resuscitation, is present.
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY THE INSTRUMENT
Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modifications to this instrument. Return the
instrument to B&K Precision for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS
WARNING and CAUTION statements, such as the following examples, denote a hazard and appear
throughout this manual. Follow all instructions contained in these statements.
A WARNING statement calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or condition, which, if not
followed correctly, could result in injury or death to personnel.
A CAUTION statement calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or condition, which, if not
followed correctly, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product.
WARNING:
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safety standards.
WARNING:
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3
Before connecting the line cord to the AC mains, check the rear panel AC line
voltage indicator. Applying a line voltage other than the indicated voltage can
destroy the AC line fuses. For continued fire protection, replace fuses only with
those of the specified voltage and current ratings.
This product uses components which can
static discharge
(ESD). To avoid damage, be sure to follow proper procedures for handling, storing
and transporting parts and subassemblies which contain ESD-sensitive
components.
CAUTION:
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CAUTION:
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be damaged by electro-
4
Table of Contents
Safety Summary .............................................................................................. 3
Section 1 .......................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Description ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Memory Architecture ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Package Contents ................................................................................................................................... 2
Specifications ..................................................................................................................... 2
Modulation Combinations ................................................................................................. 4
Section 2 .......................................................................................................... 5
Installation .......................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Mechanical Inspection ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.3 Initial Inspection ....................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Instrument Mounting ................................................................................................................................ 5
2.5 Product Dimensions ................................................................................................................................ 5
2.6 Power Requirements ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.7 Grounding Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 6
2.8 Signal Connections .................................................................................................................................. 6
2.9 RS-232 Connection ................................................................................................................................. 6
2.10 RS-232 Configuration ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.11 GPIB Address ......................................................................................................................................... 8
2.12 GPIB Connections ................................................................................................................................. 8
Section 3 .......................................................................................................... 9
Operating Instructions ...................................................................................................... 9
3.1 General Description ................................................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Display Window .................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Front Panel Controls .............................................................................................................................. 11
3.4 Back Panel Controls .............................................................................................................................. 11
3.5 Output connectors ................................................................................................................................. 13
3.6 MENU Keys ........................................................................................................................................... 13
3.7 ON Key .................................................................................................................................................. 28
3.8 Cursor Movement Keys ......................................................................................................................... 28
3.9 Rotary Input Knob .................................................................................................................................. 28
3.10 Power-On Settings .............................................................................................................................. 28
3.11 Memory ................................................................................................................................................ 29
3.12 Displaying Errors ................................................................................................................................. 29
3.13 Using The Model 4076 and 4079 ........................................................................................................ 30
3.14 Examples ............................................................................................................................................. 31
Section 4 ........................................................................................................ 37
Programming .................................................................................................................... 37
4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 37
4.2 Device State .......................................................................................................................................... 38
4.3 Interface Function Subsets .................................................................................................................... 38
4.4 Device Address...................................................................................................................................... 39
5
4.5 Message Exchange Protocol ................................................................................................................. 39
4.6 Block Data (GPIB Only) ......................................................................................................................... 40
4.7 Instrument Identification ........................................................................................................................ 40
4.8 Instrument Reset ................................................................................................................................... 40
4.9 Self Test ................................................................................................................................................. 40
4.10 Command Syntax ................................................................................................................................ 40
4.11 Status Reporting .................................................................................................................................. 44
4.12 Common Commands ........................................................................................................................... 48
4.13 Instrument Control Commands ............................................................................................................ 52
4.14 IEEE 488.1 Interface Messages .......................................................................................................... 80
4.15 SCPI Command Tree .......................................................................................................................... 81
4.16 Block Transfer (GPIB only) .................................................................................................................. 86
4.17 GPIB Communication Protocol ............................................................................................................ 87
Section 5 ........................................................................................................ 91
Performance Check Procedures ..................................................................................... 91
5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 91
5.2 Test Equipment..................................................................................................................................... 91
5.3 Performance Tests ............................................................................................................................... 92
6
4,000,000
Waveform 1
Waveform …
Waveform 2
Waveform 3
A pts.
B pts.
C pts.
D pts.
A pts. + B pts. + C pts. + D pts. ≤ 4,000,000 pts.
Point
Point
Section 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
This manual contains information required to operate, program and test the Model 4076 and 4079 – 50 MHz DDS Arbitrary
Function Generators. This section covers the instrument general description, instrument specifications and characteristics.
1.2 Description
The Model 4076 and 4079 are versatile high performance arbitrary waveform generators. Arbitrary waveforms can be
programmed and generated with 14 bit resolution and up to 4,000,000 points length. Waveforms can be output in continuous,
triggered, gated or burst mode. AM and FM modulation combined with versatile Sweep capabilities make the unit suitable for a
wide range of applications. Editing is flexible and easy including auto increment, line draw and predefined waveform facilities.
The instrument can be remotely operated via the RS232 or GPIB interface and they are SCPI compatible.
1.3 Memory Architecture
The waveform memory consists of 4,000,000 points. The user can edit arbitrary waveforms in waveform memory and can specify
any data value in the range from -8191 to 8191 for any point in waveform memory (14 bit depth). Due to their large memory
bank, the 4076 and 4079 can essentially give the user greater freedom in selecting the size of their waveforms and the number of
waves they desire to generate, with the limit of 4,000,000 total points when added together.
For example, these generators can create a waveform with 100,000 points, another waveform with 500,000 points, a third
waveform with 400,000 points, and a fourth waveform with 3,000,000 points. These four waveforms total up to 4,000,000 points,
but essentially they can be referenced in the memory bank according to their starting point and their length. There are no
restrictions as to how many different waveforms you can store in the memory, so as long as the sum of the points of all the
waveforms do not exceed 4,000,000 points. To better illustrate this, refer to drawing below:
The following operations can be performed in the waveform memory:
- Insert and scale any of the following predefined waveforms:
o Sine
o Triangle
o Square
o Ramp up
o Ramp down
o Noise
1
Models
4076
4079
Channels
1 Channel
2 Channels
Sine
1 uHz to 50 MHz
Square
1 µHz to 50 MHz
Triangle, Ramp
1 µHz to 5 MHz
Pulse
0.5 mHz to 25 MHz
Accuracy
0.001 % (10 ppm)
Resolution
12 digits or 1 µHz
Sine, Triangle, Square, Noise, Ramp Up, Ramp Down,
Gaussian
Waveform Length
2 points to 4,000,000 points
Vertical Resolution
14 bits (16,384 levels)
Noise
Add 1% to 100% to output waveform
125 MSa/s, Point execution rate: adjustable from 8 ns
to 100 s
Frequency Accuracy
0.005% (50 ppm)
Frequency Resolution
4 digits or 1 ps
Amplitude Range
10 mV to 10 Vp-p into 50 ohms
Amplitude Resolution
3 digits (1000 counts)
Amplitude Accuracy (at 1 kHz)
± 1% ± 20 mV of programmed output from 1 V – 10 V
± 0.1 dB to 10 MHz
± 1 dB to 50 MHz
Offset Range
± 4.99 V into 50 Ω, depending on the Amplitude setting
Offset Resolution
10 mV with 3 digits resolution
Offset Accuracy
± 1% ± 10 mV into 50 Ω
Output Impedance
50 Ω typical
The instruments output is protected against short
main output connector
Filters
9 pole Elliptic and 5 pole Bessel filters
- Draw a line between any two points
- Clear (set to zero) any set of points or all points
- Protect any set of points or all points from being changed or erased
- Copy any set of points to another area in the memory
- Set individual point values
After specifying a section of waveform memory for execution, the following parameters of the waveform can be configured:
- Point rate (frequency)
- Peak-to-peak amplitude
- Offset voltage
1.4 Package Contents
The following list of items and accessories come in the package:
1. 4076 or 4079 DDS Function Generator
2. AC power cord
3. CD containing user manual and waveform creation software Wave-X
4. RS232 Serial Cable
Frequency
Characteristics
Arbitrary
Characteristics
Built-in Waveforms
Sampling Rate
Flatness (relative to 1 kHz)
Specifications
Sine(X)/X, Exponential Up, Exponential Down,
Output
Characteristics
Output Protection
circuit or nominal accidental voltages applied to the
2
Approximately 10 mA can be present at the output
output is off
DC-20 kHz, -65 dBc
20 kHz-100 kHz, -60 dBc
100 kHz-5 MHz, -45 dBc
5 MHz-50 MHz, -35 dBc
Spurious (sine)
DC-1 MHz < -65 dBc
Rise/Fall Time (square, pulse)
< 6 ns (10% to 90%) at full amplitude into 50 Ω
20% to 80% to 10 MHz (square)
50% >30 MHz (square)
Variable Symmetry
10%-90% to 5 MHz (triangle)
Symmetry at 50%
< 0.5 %
Linearity (triangle, ramp)
<0.1 % of peak output (1 µHz to 250 kHz)
Aberrations
< 3 % of p-p amplitude ± 50 mV
Pulse Width (period 10 μs - 0.1
μs)
20 ns to < ( Period -20 ns )
(10 ns resolution)
Variable Edge Time
(period 100 μs - 0.16 μs)
100 ns to Width/0.625 (50 % duty cycle)
10 ns resolution
Continuous
Output continuous at programmed parameters
Output quiescent until triggered by an internal or
10 MHz in DDS mode
Same as triggered mode, except waveform is executed
started is completed
Burst
2-999,999 cycles
Phase
-180 to +180 degrees with 0.1 degree resolution
Trigger source may be internal, external or manual.
Internal trigger rate 0.01 Hz-1 MHz (1 µs – 100 s)
0.01 Hz-20 kHz sine , square or triangle waveform
variable modulation from 0% to 100%
5 Vp-p for 100% modulation, 10 kΩ input impedance
Internal
0.01 Hz-20 kHz sine wave, square or triangle
5 Vp-p for 100% deviation, 10 kΩ input impedance,
0.01 Hz – 50 kHz bandwidth
Internal
0.01 Hz to 1 MHz
External
1 MHz max.
Sweep Shape
Linear and Logarithmic, up or down
Sweep Time
10 ms to 500 s
Sweep Trigger
internal, external, continuous or burst
TTL Compatible
Input Impedance10 kΩ nominal
TTL pulse at programmed frequency, 50ohms source
impedance
5 Vp-p for 100% modulation
DC to >50 kHz minimum bandwidth
Marker Out
Positive TTL pulse user programmable in Arbitrary
Waveform
Characteristics
Output Leakage
Harmonic Distortion (sine)
Variable Duty Cycle
Triggered
BNC connector when unit is powered on and the
40% to 60% to 30 MHz (square)
external trigger, at which time one waveform cycle is
generated to programmed parameters. Frequency of
waveform cycle is limited to 20 MHz in ARB mode and
Operating Modes
Modulation
Characteristics
Sweep
Characteristics
Inputs and Outputs
Gate
Trigger Source
Amplitude
Modulation
Frequency
Modulation
FSK
Trigger IN
Sync OUT
Internal
External
External
for the duration of the gate signal. The last cycle
0.01 Hz – 50 KHz bandwidth
Maximum rate 20 MHz in ARB mode, 3 MHz in DDS
mode
Minimum width 20ns
Modulation IN
10 KΩ input impedance
3
waveform, 50 Ω source impedance
10 MHz, TTL compatible, input or output, for external
input
Adds signal from an external source to the main
output. Input impedance is 500 Ω
Repetition
1 ms to 100 s
Resolution
4 digits
Accuracy
+0.002%
Display Resolution
160 x 80 dots LCD
Remote Control Interface
GPIB, RS-232
Store Memory
50 full panel settings at power-off
Dimensions
8.4(213) x 3.5(88) x 11.8(300) inches (mm) (WxHxD)
Weight
Approx. 2.5 kg (5.5lbs)
Power
100-240 VAC ± 10%, < 50 VA max.
Operating
0 ºC to +50 ºC
Nonoperating
Humidity
95 % RH , 0 ºC to 30 ºC
According to EN55011 for radiated and conducted
emissions
Electrical Discharge Immunity
According to EN55082
Safety Specifications
According to EN61010 , CE approved
SINE
SQUARE
TRIANGLE
PULSE
ARBITRARY
AM
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
FM
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
FSK
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Internal Trigger
General
Reference IN-OUT
Summing IN
Temperature
EMC
unit synchronization 50 Ω output impedance and 1 kΩ
-20 ºC to +70 ºC
NOTE
Specifications listed in manual are applicable after a powered 30 minute warm-up
Specifications are verified according to the performance check procedures.
Specifications not verified in the manual are either explanatory notes or general performance characteristics only.
Specifications and information is subject to change without notice. For the most current and correct data please visit
www.bkprecision.com
Modulation Combinations
4
300 mm
213 mm
88 mm
Section 2
Installation
2.1 Introduction
This section contains installation information, power requirements, initial inspection and signal connections for Model 4076
and 4079.
2.2 Mechanical Inspection
This instrument was carefully inspected before shipment. Upon receipt inspect the instrument for damage that might have
occurred in transit. If there is damage due to shipping, file a claim with the carrier who transported the unit. The shipping and
packing material should be saved if reshipment is required. If the original container is not to be used, then use a heavy carton
box. Wrap the unit with plastic and place cardboard strips across the face for protection. Use packing material around all sides
of the container and seal it with tape bands. Mark the box "FRAGILE".
2.3 Initial Inspection
After the mechanical inspection, verify the contents of the shipment (accessories). If the contents are incomplete, or if the
instrument does not pass the specification acceptance tests, notify the local service center.
2.4 Instrument Mounting
The Model 4076 and 4079 - Function Generators are intended for bench use. The instrument includes a front feet tilt
mechanism for optimum panel viewing angle. The instrument does not require special cooling when operated within
conventional temperature limits. The unit can be installed in a closed rack or test station if proper air flow is assured for
removing about 20 W of power dissipation.
2.5 Product Dimensions
5
2.6 Power Requirements
The Model 4076 and 4079 can be operated from any source of 100 V to 265 V AC, frequency from 48 Hz to 66 Hz. The
maximum power consumption is 50 VA. Use a slow blow fuse UL/CSA approved of 1 A as indicated on the rear panel of the
instrument.
WARNING
THE LINE POWER VOLTAGE OF THE INSTRUMENT IS NOTED ON THE AC INPUT PLUG. TO
PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE INSTRUMENT, CHECK FOR PROPER MATCH OF LINE VOLTAGE
AND PROPER FUSE TYPE AND RATING.
The instrument power fuse is located in the AC input plug. To access the fuse, first disconnect the power cord and then remove
the fuse cartridge.
2.7 Grounding Requirements
For the safety of operating personnel, the instrument must be grounded. The central pin on the AC plug grounds the instrument
when properly connected to the ground wire and plugged into proper receptacle.
WARNING
TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY DUE TO SHOCK, THE THIRD WIRE EARTH GROUND MUST BE
CONTINUOUS TO THE POWER OUTLET. BEFORE CONNECTION TO THE POWER OUTLET, EXAMINE ALL
CABLES AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE UNIT AND THE FACILITY POWER FOR A CONTINUOUS
EARTH GROUND PATH.
THE POWER CABLE MUST MEET IEC SAFETY STANDARDS.
2.8 Signal Connections
Use RG58U 50 Ω or equivalent coaxial cables for all input and output signals to and from the instrument.
2.9 RS-232 Connection
The rear panel RS-232 connector is a standard DB-9 male connector configured as a DCE. The pin assignments are defined
in the table below:
6
DB-9 pin
Name
Note
1
9
-
-
-
-
Number of data pts.
Baudrates (bps)
~30 mins
(receiving)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
*Note: Use a Null-modem or cross over cable (pin 2 and 3 switched) in order to communicate with instrument. When transmitting
large files via RS232, highest baud rate setting of 38400 is recommended, and number of data points of transfer at any instance
should not exceed 1,000,000 points. If 4,000,000 points are required, multiple transfers are recommended; each time transferring
100,000 points. For optimal speed in transferring large files, GPIB interface is recommended using block transfer (see
Programming Section of this manual).
TXD
RXD
-
GND
RTS
CRS
Transmit Data
Receive Data
-
Signal ground
-
Request to Send
Clear to send
2.9.1 Communication Speed Chart
The 4076 and 4079 have the capabilities of generating large arbitrary waveforms with up to 4,000,000 points. Due to this
nature, the time it takes to transmit these large waveforms may vary depending on the baudrate and cable used for RS232
interface. As a general reference, provided below is a chart that shows the approximate amount of time it takes to download or
send the waveforms of the indicated sizes at the rated baudrate speed.
400,000 points 1,000,000 points
2.10 RS-232 Configuration
The instrument use 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity and baud rate selectable from 2400 to 38.4K (2400, 4800, 9600, 19200,
38400). By default, the instrument is set at 9600-8-N-1.
When the instrument is in remote mode, it will display the following screen:
This screen comes up whenever there is a transmission process, be it sending or receiving. To return to local mode and exit
this screen, simply press any front panel keys. Only do this when nothing is being transmitted or received from a connected
PC. In the case where a large waveform is being transmitted, please allow AT LEAST 15 seconds or more after the PC
software or program has finished sending BEFORE pressing a key to return to local mode. The instrument requires this time
to completely finish generating/transmitting the waveform.
38400
(sending)
~15 mins
~1hr (sending)
~30mins (receiving)
7
2.11 GPIB Address
The instrument is shipped with the address set to decimal 9. The address can be changed from the front panel by using the "UTILITY"
menu.
2.11.1 Communication Speed Chart
The 4076 and 4079 have the capabilities of generating large arbitrary waveforms with up to 4,000,000 points. As a general
reference, the GPIB interface can send and receive 1,000,000 points within less than 12 minutes.
Note: When GPIB is used, transferring in blocks of 100,000 points at a time is recommended to avoid any transfer errors.
2.12 GPIB Connections
The rear panel GPIB connector is an AMPHENOL 57-10240 or equivalent, and connects to a standard IEEE-488 bus cable
connector. The GPIB line screens are not isolated from chassis and signal ground.
8
1 2 3
7
8
9
11
14 5 6
15
16
12
10
4
13
(for Model 4076)
(Model 4079 only)
3.1 General Description
This section describes the displays, controls and connectors of the Model 4076 and 4079 - Function Generators.
All controls for the instrument local operation are located on the front panel. The connectors are located on both
front and rear panels.
Section 3
Operating Instructions
Figure 3.1 - Front Panel View
1. Power ON-OFF - Applies and removes AC power to the unit
2. Display Window - Displays all instrument data and settings on a LCD.
3. FI-F5 Keys - Select the menu options that appear on the bottom section of the LCD display.
4. Function Keys - Select menu options for waveform parameters (PARAM), waveform type
(WAVE), mode of generator (MODE), sweep function (SWEEP), modulation function
(MODUL), and setup configurations (SETUPS).
5. Numerical Keypad - Numeric entry keys for entering values for various functions and modes
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6. Unit Setting Keys - Quick keys for setting units for frequency, time, and amplitude
7. Rotary Knob - Used to increment/decrement numerical values or to scan through the possible
selections.
8. Cursor Keys - Used to move the cursor (when visible) to either left or right when modifying
values of various parameters.
9. Output ON - Controls the main output signal. The output status is ON when display shows
“Out On” (for model 4076) or “On” (for model 4079).
10. Channel Output - (model 4079 only) Dual BNC channel outputs (50 Ω) of function signals.
11. Output ON - (model 4076) Controls the main output signal. The output status is ON when
illuminated.
12. Channel Output - (model 4076) BNC channel output.
13. Sync Out - (model 4076) Sync output, 50 Ω 5V TTL level
14. CHAN Key - (model 4079 only) Channel select key
15. UTIL Key - Selects remote interface options, LCD intensity, power settings, and summing
input.
16. ENTER Key - Used for confirming parameter adjustments and settings.
3.2 Display Window
The Model 4076 and 4079 have graphic LCD displays that can display up to 160 x 80 dots. When you power-on the unit a
parameter (Frequency) and its current settings appear in the display
parameter or mode display selected.
. The bottom displays a menu that corresponds to the function,
Figure 3.2 - LCD Display Screen
1. Channel/Output Display - Displays the current selected channel (when highlighted).
(For model 4079 only). Also displays highlighted text “Out On” when
output is ON (For model 4076) or displays a highlighted text “On” next to
“Ch 1” and/or “Ch 2” when either or both channel outputs are ON (For
model 4079).
2. General Waveform Display - Displays the general waveform being generated in the channel.
Note: Waveform shown is approximated and scaled down. It does not
show the exact representation of the waveform at the output.
3. Frequency/ Sweep Mode Display - Displays the frequency values currently set to. In sweep mode,
it displays the sweeping type (Linear or Logarithmic).
10
4. Menu Functions Display - Displays the menu options available. Use F1-F5 keys on front
panel to select the options.
5. Menu Parameters Values Display - Displays the values of parameters selected in the menu.
Depending on the options chosen, various parameters will display with a
cursor for adjusting their values.
6. Mode Display - Displays the current mode selected. The can be continuous,
trigger, burst, or gate (displayed as CONT, TRI, BURST, or
GATE respectively). Refer to section 3.6.2 for details.
7. Wave Type Display - Displays the waveform type currently selected. It can be sine
(SINE), Square (SQU), triangle (TRI), pulse (PULSE), or arbitrary (ARB).
3.3 Front Panel Controls
The front-panel controls select, display, and change parameter, function, and mode settings. They also include the keys you use
to program and generate arbitrary waveform output. Refer to Figure 3.1.
Use the rotary input knob and the cursor movement keys to enter data into the waveform generator.
To change a setting:
1. Press PARAM to display options in menu to control parameters.
1. Press any FUNCTION keys (F1 – F5) that lead to a required item.
2. Move cursor using CURSOR keys to the appropriate position in the numeric field (if applicable).
3. Use the rotary input or the numerical KEYPAD to change the value of the displayed item. Changes take effect immediately.
4. In some parameter settings, the ENTER key must be pressed in order to set their numerical/setting values. Otherwise, it may
not save.
3.4 Back Panel Controls
The function generator has 11 (5 for model 4076) BNC Connectors on the rear panel where you can connect coaxial cables.
These coaxial connectors are labeled accordingly on the back panel for their respective channels and serve as carrier lines for
input and output signals delivered to and from the function generator.
11
Model 4076
6
11 9 10
1 3 5
7
13
14
12
Model 4079
8 1 2 3 4 5 6
7
11 9 10
13
14
12
Figure 3.3 - Back Panel View
1. Summing In - For CH 1. Use this input to apply an external analog signal to be added to the output waveform.
A 5 Vp-p signal is required for full scale output. Maximum input is ± 15 V.
2. CH1 Sync - This is the sync output of channel one. For model 4076 the sync output is in the front panel of
the instrument (see Figure 3.1).
3. Modulation In - Modulation input used for external modulation of a signal in AM/FM/FSK mode.
Maximum input is ± 15 V.
4. CH2 Sync - This is the sync output of channel two. For model 4076 the sync output is in the front panel of
the instrument (see Figure 3.1).
5. Marker Out - Use this connector to output a positive TTL pulse in Arbitrary waveform mode. The Marker
12
position and width can be programmed at any desired Arbitrary locations. (See section 3.6.3 for details)
6. Ref In/Out - Use this connector to input a 10 MHz TTL signal to be used as a reference clock for the unit
signal generation. A 10MHz TTL level signal is available for synchronization of external units, when not in
External Reference mode.
7. Trig In - Use this connector to apply an external trigger or gate signal, depending on the waveform generator
setting, to the generator. This connector is also used when using an external signal to generate FSK under
modulation menu. Maximum input is ± 15 V. (See section 3.6.8 for details)
8. CH2 I/O - These are the same inputs/outputs as 1, 3, 5, and 7 and are dedicated for channel two only.
9. Rear Fan - Rear fan for internal cooling and ventilation. Do not block this area and be sure to leave enough
room for air to exhaust.
10. Fuse Box - Fuse compartment to check or replace fuse.
11. AC Power Connector - Used to connect power cable to AC line source.
12. Earth GND - This screw is the earth ground that is tied to the chassis.
13. GPIB Port - This is a standard GPIB port for remote interface.
14. RS-232 Port - This is a standard RS-232 port used for remote interface. Null modem or cross serial cable is
required to communicate with a PC via this port.
3.5 Output connectors
The waveform generator output circuits is protected against short circuit or nominal accidental voltages applied to the main
output connector . It operate as a 50 ohm voltage source working into a 50 ohms load. At higher frequencies, non-terminated or
improperly terminated output causes aberrations on the output waveform. In addition, loads less than 50 ohms reduce the
waveform amplitude, while loads more than 50 ohms increase waveform amplitude.
Excessive distortion or aberrations caused by improper termination are less noticeable at lower frequencies, especially with sine
and triangle waveforms. To ensure waveform integrity, follow these precautions:
1. Use good quality 50 ohms coaxial cables and connectors.
2. Make all connections tight and as short as possible.
3. Use good quality attenuators if it is necessary to reduce waveform amplitudes applied to sensitive circuits.
4. Use termination or impedance-matching devices to avoid reflections.
5. Ensure that attenuators and terminations have adequate power handling capabilities.
If there is a DC voltage across the output load, use a coupling capacitor in series with the load. The time constant of the
coupling capacitor and load must be long enough to maintain pulse flatness.
Impedance Matching
If the waveform generator is driving a high impedance, such as the 1 MΩ input impedance (paralleled by a stated
capacitance) of an oscilloscope vertical input, connect the transmission line to a 50 Ω attenuator, a 50 Ω termination and to
the oscilloscope input. The attenuator isolates the input capacitance of the device and terminates the waveform generator
properly.
3.6 MENU Keys
These keys select the main menus for displaying or changing a parameter, function or mode. Below is the hierarchy and
selections of the menu tree.
MENU TREE
- PARAM
o FREQ | RATE
13
o AMPL| OFST
o INTCLK | EXTCLK
- WAVE
o SINE
o SQR (Duty Cycle)
o TRI (Symmetry)
o PULSE
o ARB
UNITS (Only when AMPL is selected, press to toggle display in Vp-p, Vrms, dBm)
50 OHM | HI-Z
FREQ | PERIOD
WIDTH
EQUAL EDGE
LEAD | TRAIL
PREV
START
LENGTH
MARK
• ADDR
• LENGTH
• ON | OFF
• PREV
EDIT
• POINT
o ADRS
o DATA
o PREV
• LINE
o FROM
o TO
o EXEC
NO
YES
PREV
o PREV
• PREDEF
o TYPE (Predefined Waveform Type)
o FROM | DATA
o LENG
o SCALE (In %)
o EXEC
NO
YES
PREV
o EXEC (When NOISE is selected as TYPE)
ADD
NEW
EXEC
• NO
• YES
• PREV
PREV
• MORE
o COPY
FROM
LENG
TO
EXEC
• NO
• YES
• PREV
PREV
o CLEAR
FROM
TO
ALL
EXEC
• NO
• YES
• PREV
PREV
14
o PROT
o SHOW WAVE
o PREV
• PREV
PREV
- MODE
o CONT
o TRIG
MAN (Manual Trigger)
INT (Internal Trigger Rate)
EXT (External Trigger)
PREV
o GATE
MAN (Manual Gate Trigger)
INT (Internal Gate Trigger Rate)
EXT (External Gate Trigger)
PREV
o BURST
MAN (Manual Burst)
INT (Internal Burst Rate)
EXT (Burst External)
NBRST (Number of Bursts)
PREV
o PHASE (Not available in ARB mode)
PHASE (Set Phase Degree)
SET-ZERO (Set Phase to 0)
PREV
- SWEEP ( Not Available in PULSE and ARB mode)
o ON | OFF
o START (Sweep Start Frequency)
o STOP (Sweep Stop Frequency)
o RATE (Sweep Rate)
o LIN | LOG (Linear or Logarithmic)
- MODUL
o AM
ON | OFF
% (% of Modulation)
SHAPE (AM Modulation Shape)
MOD FREQ (AM Modulation Frequency)
EXT | INT (External or Internal Modulation)
o FM (Not available in PULSE and ARB mode)
ON | OFF
DEV (FM Deviation Frequency)
SHAPE (FM Modulation Shape)
MOD FREQ (FM Modulation Frequency)
EXT | INT (External or Internal Modulation)
o FSK (Not available in PULSE and ARB mode)
ON | OFF
F-LO (FSK Low Frequency)
F-HI (FSK High Frequency)
RATE (FSK Rate)
EXT | INT (External or Internal modulation)
- SETUPS
o RECALL (Recall Setup from Memory)
o STORE (Store Setup from Memory)
o SAVE ARB (Saves current arbitrary waveform into memory. Available only in ARB mode)
- UTIL
o GPIB (ACTIVE) (GPIB Address)
o RS232 (ACTIVE) (Baudrate)
o INTEN
o POWER (Power On Setup)
o SUM ON | OFF
FROM
TO
ALL
ON | OFF
PREV
15
offset
valuespodatasettingppAmplitude
voltageoutput +
⋅−
=
16382
int
3.6.1 PARAMETER Key
This key selects and displays the waveform frequency, amplitude, offset and external reference and allows changing the parameter
data. When the Arbitrary Waveform is selected, the display shows also the waveform rate.
F1: FREQ - (Frequency) Selects and displays the frequency. Change the frequency setting using the cursor keys and
rotary knob or numerical keypad. If a certain wavelength can't produce the waveform at the desired
frequency, the waveform generator displays an “Out of Range” error message.
F3: AMPL/OFST - Selects the Amplitude or the Offset parameters.
In Arbitrary mode this setting defines the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of a full-scale waveform. If
the waveform does not use the full scale of data (-8191 to +8191), then its actual amplitude will be smaller.
Amplitude Menu
Setting the Amplitude
The following equation represents the relative output amplitude voltage relationship between the front-
panel amplitude peak-to-peak setting and the data point values in waveform memory:
Frequency Menu
Where 16382 is the total data point value range in waveform memory.
Examples
16
+2.5 V
+1.25 V
0V (offset voltage)
-4.5 V
F3:OFST - Selects the Offset parameter. Change the offset by using the cursor keys, rotary dial or numerical keypad.
F5:INTREF/EXTREF - Selects internal or external reference source (the external reference must be connected to the
Front Panel
Amplitude
Setting
Data Point
Value
Relative Output
Amplitude Voltage
5 Vp-p 8191
5 Vp-p 4095
5 Vp-p 0
9 Vp-p -4095
4 Vp-p -8191 -2 V
F4:UNITS -
F5:50 OHM/HI-Z - Selects the amplitude voltage value based on the two different impedance termination. (i.e.
Selects the amplitude units: peak-to-peak, RMS or dBm.
if connected to oscilloscope with 1Mohm, generator will display the correct amplitude value
for 1Mohm termination if HI-Z is selected)
If a certain setting cannot be produced, the waveform generator will display a “Setting Conflict” message.
rear panel Ref In connector).
3.6.2 MODE Key
Selects the output mode: CONT (Continuous), TRIG (Triggered), GATE (Gated), and BRST (Burst).
To select the output mode, press MODE, then press the function key that corresponds to the desired Mode menu option, as
shown:
Mode Menu
F1: CONT - (Continuous) - Selects continuous output.
F2: TRIG - (Triggered) - Triggers one output cycle of the selected waveform for each trigger event.
F3: GATE - (Gated) - Triggers output cycles as long as the trigger source asserts the gate signal.
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F4:BURST - (Burst) - Triggers output N cycles for each trigger event, where N ranges from 2 to 999,999.
F5: PHASE - Selects the start phase of the signal in non-continuous modes. The range is from -180˚ to +180˚, with a 0.1˚
resolution. In PHASE mode F2: SET-ZERO sets the phase reference to zero when few instruments are
connected to the same external reference and need to be synchronized with different phase relations.
After selecting the TRIG , GATE or BURST menu, the trigger source menu is available:
Trigger Menu
F1: MAN - Selects manual as the trigger source. To trigger the waveform generator,
press this MAN TRIG again.
F2: INT - Selects the internal trigger generator as the trigger source. Change the
internal trigger rate displayed with the rotary input knob.
F3: EXT - Selects the external trigger signal as the trigger source. The trigger source
is supplied through the TRIG IN connector.
F4: NBRST - Selects the number of burst pulses to be output with each trigger. The N can be changed from 2 to
999,999.
F5:PREV - Goes back to previous menu
3.6.3 WAVEFORM Key
Displays the waveforms available:
F1: SINE - Selects the sine waveform.
F2: SQR - Selects the square waveform and displays the waveform duty cycle that can be changed from 20% to 80% up to 10MHz
and 40% to 60% to 30MHz.
F3: TRI - Selects the triangle waveform and displays the waveform duty cycle that can be changed from
maximum frequency is 5MHz.
Waveform Menu
10% to 90%. The triangle
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F4: PULSE - Selects the Pulse waveform and then displays the pulse menu. Refer to section 3.6.5 for details.
F5: ARB - Selects the arbitrary waveform and then displays the Arbitrary menu:
Arbitrary Menu
F1: START - Selects the starting address of the arbitrary waveform.
Note: The starting address always has to be an odd number. If an even number is entered, it will automatically decrement one value to an odd number. For example, if you set start address to 2000 and press ENTER, it will display 1999.
F2: LENGTH - Selects the length of the arbitrary waveform. Use the START and LENGTH menu selection
to mark a selection of the waveform memory that will be executed.
Note: The length value must always be an even number. If you input an odd number
length, a message will pop up and say “Even wave length” and then decrement one
value to an even number. For example, if you entered 1001 as the length, the message
will pop up for one second and change the value automatically to 1000.
F2: SAVE ARB - Selecting this will save the current Arbitrary waveform data points so that it can be recalled
when revisiting the ARB menu later on or when power cycling the instrument.
Note: The 4076 and 4079 can both save multiple numbers of waveforms because the
instruments have one large memory bank to store up to 4,000,000 points total.
Essentially, the user can store multiple waves with various lengths in different
locations in the memory. This can be done simply by generating each of the waveforms
with different starting addresses. As long as the lengths of each do not overlap, user
can save as much waveforms with different lengths as desired (Total points of all
waveforms cannot exceed 4,000,000 points). If user has multiple waveforms to create
and do not want to remember all the different starting addresses and lengths, there is a
“STORE” and “RECALL” feature explained in section 3.6.6 that will allow you to
store and recall up to 50 settings (Note: Only 49 settings can be restores because 50 is
reserved for restoring last known working state of the instrument). Each setting can
save all the waveform parameters, configurations, modes, starting address, length and
more. (Refer to Table 3-2 in section 3.10 to see entire list of stored parameters) This
way, user can quickly recall back the different waves stored in the memory. Refer to
section 3.6.6 for details.
F3: MARK - (Marker Output) Selects the marker output address of the signal to be available at the Marker
Out connector. The F2:ADDR, F3:LENGTH or F4:ON/OFF can be selected and the Marker
output signal can be available at any desired location address between the start and stop addresses
of the executed waveform. This marker output feature will allow you to generate a positive TTL
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Start Address
Length
Markers
0
5 V
Arbitrary waveform
5 V TTL signal
level output signal at the points specified by address and length.
Note: The maximum LENGTH allowed to be set for marker is 4000.
Below is an example to illustrate how marker function works:
from front panel
channel output
output from rear
Marker Out connector
Marker Function Illustration
F4: EDIT - Refer to section 3.6.4 below for details.
F5: PREV - Back to previous menu
**Changing one of the arbitrary parameters as start and length causes an update of the output waveform to the new
parameters. When exiting the Arbitrary Menu by selecting a different waveform, a message to save the Arbitrary wave will
be displayed. Select YES or NO to save the new waveform. This save functions the same as the SAVE ARB function.
3.6.4 Arbitrary EDIT Menu
Enters data for creating arbitrary waveforms. You can enter data one point at a time, as a value at an address, draw a line
from one point (a value at an address) to another point, create a predefined waveform, or combine these to create complex
waveforms. The valid data values range is -8191 to 8191. The valid waveform memory addresses range from 1 to 4,000,000.
The data value governs the output amplitude of that point of the waveform, scaled to the instrument output
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Wave
Minimum Length
Divisible by
Sine
16
4
Triangle
16
4
Square 2 2
Noise
16
1
amplitude. Therefore, a value of 8191 corresponds to positive peak amplitude, 0 corresponds to the waveform offset, and 8191 corresponds to the negative peak amplitude.
F1: POINT - This menu allows point by point waveform editing. When selected, the following menu is displayed:
F1: ADRS - Select the current address in the arbitrary waveform memory.
F2: DATA - Selects the data point value at the current address. You can change the point
value from -8191 to 8191.
F5: PREV - Goes back to previous menu (Edit menu).
F2: LINE - This menu allows a line drawing between two selected points.
Displays the following menu:
F1: FROM - Selects the starting point address.
F2: TO - Selects the ending point address.
F4: EXEC - Displays the Confirmation menu, F1:NO and F3:YES
F5: PREV - Goes back to previous menu (Edit menu).
F3: PREDEF - (Predefined Waveforms) Selects one of the predefined waveforms
F1: TYPE - Selects the waveform Sine, Triangle, Square, Noise, Ramp up, Ramp down, exponential up,
exponential down, Sin(x)/x, and Gaussian distribution. If Noise function is selected, a submenu is displayed
when F5:EXEC is pressed to allow adding the noise to an available waveform or to generate it as a new
noise waveform.
F2: FROM/DATA - Selects the starting point of the generated waveform and its data value.
F3: LENG - Selects the length of the predefined waveform (number of points for a full wave).
The length value must be a number that is divisible by 4 or by 2 in some instances.
If not, a pop up message will say “Must divide by 4” or “Must divide by 2” and
entered values will change back to its original. Different waveforms have different
limitations on the length. Refer to Table 3-1 below.
F4: SCALE - Selects the scale of the waveform. If scale is too high, a message will display
“Scale too high.” 100% means that the waveform spans the full scale of -8191 to
8191. Scale factors are limited by the point data value of the starting point and
automatically calculated by the unit.
Table 3-1: Waveform Length Limits for Predefined Waveforms
F5: EXEC - Prompts you to confirm whether to execute the selected predefined waveform. Press NO to
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abort executing the predefined waveform; press YES to execute the predefined waveform. On the NOISE
function a menu of ADD and NEW is prompted to select a new noise waveform or to add noise to the
existing waveform.
F4: MORE - Displays the following Menu:
F1: COPY - Displays the Copy menu (see the Copy Function later in this section).
F2: CLEAR - Displays the Clear menu (see the Clear Function later in this section).
F3: PROT - Displays the Protect menu (see the Protect Function later in this section).
F4: SHOW WAVE - Display the Arbitrary waveform in full screen mode on LCD display. This is only an
approximated display for quick viewing. It does not represent the exact waveform
being generated. To return back to the MENU selection, press any button.
Full Display Example
F5: PREV - Returns to previous menu.
Copy Function. Copies an area of waveform memory to another area of waveform memory.
F1: FROM - Selects the address of the first point to copy.
F2: LENG - Selects the length (number of points) of the waveform to copy.
F3: TO - Selects the destination address where the first point is copied.
F4: EXEC - Prompts you to confirm whether to copy. Press NO to abort copying, YES to copy.
F5: PREV - Returns to previous menu.
Clear Function. Clears (sets the data values to zero) either a section of or all of waveform memory.
F1: FROM - Selects the address of the first point to clear.
F2: TO - Selects the address of the last point to clear.
F3: ALL - Clears the whole waveform memory. Equivalent to selecting from 1 to 4,000,000.
F4: EXEC - Prompts you to confirm whether to clear. Press NO to abort clearing, YES to clear.
F5: PREV - Returns to previous menu.
22
Protect Function. Protects (makes read-only) a section of waveform memory.
F1: FROM - Selects the address of the first point to protect.
F2: TO - Selects the address of the last point to protect.
F3: ALL - Protects the whole waveform memory. Equivalent to selecting from 1 to 4,000,000.
Note: You can protect only one segment of waveform memory at a time.
F4: ON/OFF - Selects the unprotect mode and resets memory protection so that the whole waveform
memory can be written into.
F5: PREV - Returns to previous menu.
3.6.5 PULSE Menu
From the WAVE menu, select F4:PULSE.
F1: FREQ/PERIOD - Selects the parameter definition of the Pulse repetition period.
F2: WIDTH - Selects the Width of the generated pulse.
F3: EQUAL EDGE - Selects equal Rise (Leading edge) and Fall (Trailing edge) times of the pulse.
F4: LEAD-TRAIL - Selects different Rise and Fall times of the Pulse.
F5:PREV - Returns to previous menu.
3.6.6 UTILITY Key
Utility Menu
F1: GPIB - Selects the GPIB remote mode of operation. After selection the GPIB address can be set to any value
from 1 to 31 using the rotary knob. The value is kept in a nonvolatile memory and used at power-on. The
factory default address is 9. Setting the address to 31 puts the device in the off-bus state (it will not respond
to messages on the GPIB bus).
F2:RS232 - Selects the RS232 remote control mode. After selection, the baud rate can be selected as 2400, 9600,
19200, and 38400. The RS-232 uses 8 bit data, 1 stop bit and no parity.
23
F3:INTEN
F3: POWER - (Power-on default) Selects the power-on default setting. Select a value using the numeric keypad or the
F5: SUM ON/OFF - (Summing On/Off) Selects the external summing mode. An analog signal connected to the
- (Intensity) Selects the intensity of the LCD display. Select a value using the rotary input knob.
Valid numeric values are from 1 to 31. The value is kept in the nonvolatile memory, after a 20
seconds time-out. The lower the value, the dimmer the display.
rotary input knob. The selection is effective after a 10 s time-out period. Select zero (0) to have the
waveform generator power on with the factory default settings. Select 50 to have the waveform generator
power-on with the settings it had at the last power-off. Select any other value in the range from 1 to 49 to
have the waveform generator power-on with the settings that you have saved with STORE(see SETUP key
section 3.6.9) in the range of 1 to 49.
Sum In connector in the rear panel of the unit is added to the output signal. A 5Vp-p input signal will generate a
full amplitude output signal.
3.6.7 SWEEP Key
Selects the Sweep Mode and allows the entering of sweep parameters as Sweep Start, Sweep Stop and Sweep Rate.
To select the sweep mode, press SWEEP, then press the function key that corresponds to the desired Sweep menu option, as
shown:
Sweep Menu
F1: ON/OFF - Operates the sweep function, selecting between Sweep On or Off.
F2: START/STOP - Defines the Sweep Start frequency.
F3: STOP - Defines the Sweep Stop frequency.
F4: RATE - Defines the Sweep Rate.
F5: LIN/LOG - Selects the Sweep Shape, LIN or LOG.
3.6.7.1 How to Setup Sweep in Different Modes
By default, turning ON the sweep function will automatically set to a continuous (CONT) sweep. In order to
change to other modes of sweep, do the following:
1. Set sweep to ON FIRST by pressing F1.
2. Then, press the MODE button on front panel.
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