B&K Precision 4045B User Manual
Model: 4045B
Arbitrary Function
Generator
USER MANUAL
2
Safety Summary
The following safety precautions apply to both operating
and maintenance personnel and must be observed
during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this
instrument. Before applying power, follow the installation
instructions and become familiar with the operating
instructions for this instrument.
If this device is damaged or something is missing,
contact the place of purchase immediately.
This manual contains information and warnings that
must be followed to ensure safe operation as well as
maintain the meter in a safe condition.
GROUND THE INSTRUMENT
To minimize shock hazard, the instrument chassis and
cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground. This
instrument is grounded through the ground conductor of
the supplied, three-conductor ac power cable. The
power cable must be plugged into an approved threeconductor electrical outlet. Do not alter the ground
connection. Without the protective ground connection,
all accessible conductive parts (including control knobs)
can render an electric shock. The power jack and
mating plug of the power cable must meet IEC safety
standards.
DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE
ATMOSPHERE
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of
flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical
instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite
safety hazard.
KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS
Instrument covers must not be removed by operating
personnel. Component replacement and internal
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4
Do not alter the ground connection. Without the
protective ground connection, all accessible
conductive parts (including control knobs) can
render an electric shock. The power jack and mating
plug of the power cable meet IEC safety standards.
adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance
personnel. Disconnect the power cord before removing
the instrument covers and replacing components.
Under certain conditions, even with the power cable
removed, dangerous voltages may exist. To avoid
injuries, always disconnect power and discharge circuits
before touching them.
DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE
Do not attempt any internal service or adjustment unless
another person, capable of rendering first aid and
resuscitation, is present.
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY THE
INSTRUMENT
Do not install substitute parts or perform any
unauthorized modifications to this instrument. Return
the instrument to B&K Precision for service and repair to
ensure that safety features are maintained.
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS
WARNING and CAUTION statements, such as the
following examples, denote a hazard and appear
throughout this manual. Follow all instructions
contained in these statements.
A WARNING statement calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or condition, which, if not followed
correctly, could result in injury or death to personnel.
A CAUTION statement calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or condition, which, if not followed
correctly, could result in damage to or destruction of part
or all of the product.
WARNING:
To avoid electrical shock hazard, disconnect power
cord before removing covers. Refer servicing to
qualified personnel.
Before connecting the line cord to the AC mains,
check the rear panel AC line voltage indicator.
Applying a line voltage other than the indicated
voltage can destroy the AC line fuses. For continued
fire protection, replace fuses only with those of the
specified voltage and current ratings.
This product uses components which can be
damaged by electro-static discharge (ESD). To avoid
damage, be sure to follow proper procedures for
handling, storing and transporting parts and
subassemblies which contain ESD-sensitive
components.
WARNING:
CAUTION:
CAUTION:
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6
This product is subject to
Compliance Statements
Disposal of Old Electrical & Electronic Equipment
(Applicable in the European
Union and other European countries with
separate collection systems)
Directive 2002/96/EC of the
European
Parliament and the Council
of the European Union on
waste
electrical and electronic
equipment (WEEE) , and in
jurisdictions
adopting that Directive, is
marked as being put on the
market after August 13,
2005, and should not be
disposed of as unsorted
municipal waste. Please
utilize your local WEEE
collection
facilities in the disposition
of this product and
otherwise observe all
applicable requirements.
Refer to the user manual for warning
injury and prevent damage to instrument.
On (Supply). This is the AC mains
the instrument.
Off (Supply). This is the AC mains
Safety Symbols
information to avoid hazard or personal
Chassis (earth ground) symbol.
On (Power). This is the In position of the
power switch when instrument is ON.
Off (Power). This is the Out position of
the power switch when instrument is OFF.
connect/disconnect switch at the back of
connect/disconnect switch at the back of
the instrument.
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8
CE Declaration of Conformity
The model 4045B meets the requirements of
2006/95/EC Low Voltage Directive and 2004/108/EC
Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive with the
following standards.
Low Voltage Directive
- EN61010
Safety requirements for electrical
equipment for measurement, control,
and laboratory use.
EMC Directive
- EN55011
For radiated and conducted emissions.
- EN55082
Electrical discharge immunity
1 INTRODUCTION .................... 12
1.1 Introduction ........................................... 12
1.2 Description ........................................... 12
1.3 Specifications ....................................... 13
2 INSTALLATION ..................... 18
2.1 Introduction ........................................... 18
2.2 Package Contents ................................ 18
2.3 Instrument Mounting ............................. 19
2.4 Power Requirements ............................ 19
2.5 Fuse Replacement................................ 20
2.6 Grounding Requirements ...................... 20
2.7 Signal Connections ............................... 21
3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
22
3.1 General Description .............................. 22
3.2 Display Window .................................... 24
3.3 Front Panel Controls ............................. 24
3.4 Connectors ........................................... 24
3.5 Output Connections .............................. 25
3.6 MENU Keys .......................................... 27
3.6.1 WAVEFORM Keys ....................... 27
3.6.2 MODE Key .................................... 29
3.6.3 UTILITY Key ................................. 32
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3.6.4 SWEEP Key ................................. 34
3.6.5 MODULATION Key ...................... 36
3.7 ON Key .................................................48
3.8 Cursor Keys ..........................................49
3.9 Rotary Input Knob .................................49
3.10 Power-On Settings ..............................49
3.11 Memory ...............................................50
3.12 Displaying Errors ................................51
3.13 Quick Start ..........................................52
3.13.1 Selecting a Standard Waveform
................................................................ 52
3.13.2 Setting the Output ................... 52
3.13.3 Using Voltage Offset ............... 53
3.13.4 Storing and Recalling a
Waveform Generator Setup .................. 53
4 PROGRAMMING ................... 60
4.1 Overview ..............................................60
4.1.1 Connecting to USB (Virtual COM)
Interface.................................................. 60
4.1.2 USB (Virtual COM) Settings ....... 66
4.2 Device States .......................................67
4.2.1 Local State (LOCS) ..................... 67
4.2.2 Remote State (REMS) ................. 67
4.3 Message Exchange Protocol ...............67
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4.3.1 The Input Buffer .......................... 68
4.3.2 The Output Queue ....................... 68
4.3.3 Response Messages ................... 68
4.4 Instrument Identification ....................... 69
4.5 Instrument Reset ................................. 69
4.6 Command Syntax ............................... 69
4.6.1 General Command Structure ..... 69
4.7 Status Reporting .................................. 74
4.7.1 The Error Queue .......................... 74
4.7.2 Error Codes ................................. 75
4.8 COMMON COMMANDS ...................... 80
4.8.1 System Data Commands ............ 80
4.8.2 Internal Operation Commands ... 80
4.8.3 Device Trigger Commands ......... 81
4.8.4 Stored Settings Commands ....... 81
4.9 INSTRUMENT CONTROL COMMANDS
.................................................................... 82
4.9.1 Default Subsystem ...................... 83
4.9.2 Arbitrary Subsystem ................... 99
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1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
This manual contains information required to operate the
B&K Precision model 4045B Arbitrary Function
Generator. This section covers the instrument’s general
description, specifications, and characteristics.
1.2 Description
The 4045B is a versatile high performance function
generators with arbitrary capabilities. Implemented using
a DDS (direct digital synthesis) architecture, these
instruments generate stable and precise sine, square,
triangle and arbitrary waveforms. The unit also provides
linear and logarithmic sweep for users needing sweep
capability. An auxiliary TTL output at the generator’s set
frequency is available to synchronize external devices.
The instrument can also be remotely operated via the
USB interface and is SCPI compatible.
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1.3 Specifications
Model
4045B
Frequency Characteristics
Sine
0.01 Hz – 20 MHz
Square
0.01 Hz – 20 MHz
Triangle
0.01 Hz – 2 MHz
Accuracy
0.001% (10 ppm)
at < 500 Hz: 0.001% + 0.006 Hz
Resolution
6 digits or 10 mHz
Output Characteristics
Amplitude Range
10 mV
to 10 V
(into 50 Ω)
20 mV
p-p
to 20 V
p-p
(open circuit)
Resolution
3 digits (1000 counts)
Amplitude Accuracy
± 2 % ± 20 mV of programmed
output from 1.01 V – 10 V
Flatness
± 0.5 dB to 1 MHz
± 1 dB to 20 MHz
Offset Range
- 4.99 V to 4.99 V (into 50 Ω)
Offset Resolution
10 mV, 3 digits
Offset Accuracy
± 2 % ± 10 mV (into 50 Ω)
Output Impedance
50 Ω ± 2 %
Output Protection
Protected against short circuit or
output connector
Waveform Characteristics
**Harmonic
0 – 1 MHz, < - 60 dBc
12 MHz – 20 MHz, < -50 dBc
Distortion
p-p
p-p
accidental voltage practically
available in electronic
laboratories, applied to the main
1 MHz – 5 MHz, < -50 dBc
5 MHz – 12 MHz , < -45 dBc
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Square Rise/Fall
Time
< 20 ns (10% to 90% at full
amplitude into 50 Ω)
Variable Duty
Square: 20% to 80 %, up to 2
steps, up to 200 kHz
Symmetry Accuracy
at 50%
± 1 %
Arbitrary Waveform Characteristics
Sampling Rate
20 ns to 50 s
Vertical Resolution
12 bits
Accuracy
0.001%
Resolution
4 digits
Waveform Length
2 – 1k points
Operating Modes
Continuous
Output continuous at
programmed parameters
Triggered
Output quiescent until triggered
limited to 1 MHz.
Gate
Same as triggered mode, except
last cycle started is completed.
Burst
2 – 65535 cycles
Trigger Source
Trigger source may be internal,
trigger rate 0.1 Hz – 1 MHz (1μs
Cycle/Symmetry
MHz
Triangle: 1 % to 99 % in 1%
by an internal or external trigger,
at which time one waveform
cycle is generated to
programmed parameters.
Frequency of waveform cycle is
waveform is executed for the
duration of the gate signal. The
external, or manual. Internal
14
– 10 s)
Modulation Characteristics
Amplitude
Modulation
Internal
0.1 Hz – 20 kHz sine, square, or
triangle waveform
External
5 V
for 100% modulation, 10
kΩ input impedance
Frequency
Modulation
Internal
0.1 Hz – 20 kHz sine, square, or
triangle waveform
External
5 V
for 100% modulation, 10
kΩ input impedance
Sweep Characteristics
Sweep Shape
Linear or Logarithmic, up or
down
Sweep Time
10 ms to 100 s
Input and Output
Trigger IN
TTL compatible
Input impedance 1 kΩ
Sync OUT
TTL pulse at programmed
50 Ω source impedance
Modulation IN
5 V
for 100% modulation
bandwidth
Counter Characteristics
Range
50 Hz to 50 MHz
Resolution
Auto ranging, up to 8 digits
p-p
p-p
Maximum rate 1 MHz
Minimum width > 50 ns
frequency
p-p
10 kΩ input impedance
DC to > 20 kHz minimum
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Accuracy
± 0.02 % ± 2 digits
Sensitivity
25 mV
rms
typical
General
Memory Storage
Store up to 20 instrument
settings
Arbitrary memory
1,000 points in flash memory
Power Requirements
100 V – 240 V AC ± 10% (90 V
– 264 VAC), 47 – 63 Hz
Max. Power
Consumption
< 30 VA
Operating
Temperature
0 °C – 50 °C
Storage Temperature
-10 °C – 70 °C
Humidity
95% RH, 0 °C – 30 °C
Dimensions
213 mm x 88 mm x 210 mm
(WxHxD)
Weight
Approx. 2.5 kg
Safety Standards
EN55011 for radiated and
EN61010
*For square wave, resolution is up to 4 digits when frequency is > 20
kHz.
**5 V
into 50 Ω.
p-p
Note: All specifications apply to the unit after a
temperature stabilization time of 15 minutes over an
ambient temperature range of 23 °C ± 5 °C.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
conducted emissions
EN55082
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To ensure the most current version of this manual,
please download the latest version here:
http://www.bkprecision.com/search/4045B
For current up-to-date product information, please visit
www.bkprecision.com
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2 Installation
2.1 Introduction
This section contains installation information, power
requirements, initial inspection and signal connections for
the 4045B signal generator.
2.2 Package Contents
Please inspect the instrument mechanically and
electrically upon receiving it. Unpack all items from the
shipping carton, and check for any obvious signs of
physical damage that may have occurred during
transportation. Report any damage to the shipping agent
immediately. Save the original packing carton for
possible future reshipment. Every generator is shipped
with the following contents:
• 4045B DDS function generator
• AC Power Cord
• USB (type A to B) interface cable
• Manual contained on CD
• Certificate of Calibration
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Verify that all items above are included in the shipping
container. If anything is missing, please contact B&K
Precision.
2.3 Instrument Mounting
The 4045B Arbitrary Function Generator is intended for
bench use. The instrument includes a front feet tilt
mechanism for optimum panel viewing angle. The
instrument does not require special cooling when
operated within conventional temperature limits. It may
be installed in a closed rack or test station if proper air
flow can assure removing about 15 W of power
dissipation.
2.4 Power Requirements
The 4045B can be operated from any source of 90V to
264V AC, frequency from 48Hz to 66Hz. The maximum
power consumption is 30VA. Use a slow blow fuse of 1A,
UL/CSA approved as indicated on the rear panel of the
instrument.
The instrument power fuse is located in the AC input
plug. To access the fuse, first disconnect the power
cord and then remove the fuse box.
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Fuse box slit
Fuse box
Check/Remove Fuse
2.5 Fuse Replacement
There is a 1A, 250V rated slow blow fuse at the AC input.
Should the fuse ever get blown, follow the steps below to
replace:
1. Locate the fuse box next to the AC input connector in
the rear panel.
2. With a small flat blade screwdriver, insert into the fuse
box slit to pull and slide out the fuse box as indicated
below.
3. Check and replace fuse if necessary.
2.6 Grounding Requirements
For the safety of operating personnel, the instrument
must be grounded. The central pin on the AC plug
grounds the instrument when properly connected to the
ground wire and plugged into proper receptacle.
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WARNING
TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY DUE TO SHOCK,
THE THIRD WIRE EARTH GROUND MUST BE
CONTINUOUS TO THE POWER OUTLET. BEFORE
CONNECTION TO THE POWER OUTLET, EXAMINE
ALL CABLES AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE
UNIT AND THE FACILITY POWER FOR A
CONTINUOUS EARTH GROUND PATH.
THE POWER CABLE MUST MEET IEC/UL SAFETY
STANDARDS.
2.7 Signal Connections
Use RG58U 50Ω or equivalent coaxial cables for all input
and output signals to and from the instrument.
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 9
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
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3 Operating Instructions
3.1 General Description
This section describes the displays, controls and
connectors of the function generator.
All controls for the instrument local operation are
located on the front panel.
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1 Power Button Power ON/OFF unit
Displays all instrument data
and settings
F1 – F4 function keys to
select menu options
Select Sine, Ramp/Triangle,
waveform shape
Enter numeric values for
parameters
Select unit of frequency,
time, or voltage
Increment/decrement
selections
Move cursor (when visible)
left or right
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MODUL Button
Selects Modulation menu
15
SWEEP Button
Selects Sweep function
menu
2 LCD Display
3 Function Keys
4 Waveform Buttons
Square or Arbitrary
5 Numeric Keypad
6 Units Keys
7 Rotary Knob
numerical values or menu
8 Cursor Keys
9 Enter Key Confirm parameter entries
10 Output ON/OFF Enable/Disable Output
11 Output BNC Main output
12 SYNC OUT BNC Sync output
13 UTIL Button Utility menu
16 MODE Button Selects Trigger mode menu
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3.2 Display Window
The function generator has a color LCD display that can
display up to 400 x 240 dots. When powering on the unit,
sine waveform is selected and current settings will appear
in the display. The bottom of the display shows a menu
(selectable with function keys) that corresponds to the
function, parameter, or mode display selected.
3.3 Front Panel Controls
The front-panel controls select, display, and change
parameter, function, and mode settings.
Use the numerical keypad, rotary input knob and the
cursor movement keys to enter data into the waveform
generator.
To change a setting:
1. Press the key that leads to the parameter to change.
2. Move cursor using cursor keys to the appropriate
position in the numeric field (if applicable).
3. Use the rotary input or the numerical keyboard to
change the value of the displayed parameter. Changes
take effect immediately.
3.4 Connectors
The function generator has two BNC connectors on the
front panel where you can connect coaxial cables. These
coaxial cables serve as carrier lines for output signals
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delivered from the function generator.
Output Connector
Use this connector to transfer the main output signal from
the function generator.
Trig In Connector
Use this connector to apply an external trigger or gate
signal, depending on the waveform generator setting, to
the generator. When the built-in frequency counter is
enabled, this connector becomes an input for the counter.
Sync Out Connector
Use this connector to output a positive TTL sync pulse
generated at each waveform cycle.
Modulation In Connector
5V p-p signal for 100% modulation, 10Kohms input
impedance with DC - >20 KHz bandwidth.
3.5 Output Connections
The waveform generator output circuits operate as a
50 Ω voltage source working into a 50 Ω load. At
higher frequencies, non-terminated or improperly
terminated output causes aberrations on the output
waveform. In addition, loads less than 50 Ω reduce
the waveform amplitude, while loads more than 50 Ω
increase waveform amplitude.
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Excessive distortion or aberrations caused by
improper termination are less noticeable at lower
frequencies, especially with sine and triangle
waveforms. To ensure waveform integrity, follow
these precautions:
1. Use good quality 50 Ω coaxial cable and
connectors.
2. Make all connections tight and as short as
possible.
3. Use good quality attenuators if it is necessary to
reduce waveform amplitudes applied to sensitive
circuits.
4. Use termination or impedance-matching devices
to avoid reflections.
5. Ensure that attenuators and terminations have
adequate power handling capabilities.
If there is a DC voltage across the output load, use a
coupling capacitor in series with the load. The time
constant of the coupling capacitor and load must be
long enough to maintain pulse flatness.
Impedance Matching
If the waveform generator is driving a high
impedance, such as a 1 MΩ input impedance
(paralleled by a stated capacitance) of an
oscilloscope vertical input, connect the transmission
line to a 50 Ω attenuator, a 50 Ω termination and to
the oscilloscope input. The attenuator isolates the
input capacitance of the device and terminates the
waveform generator properly.
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3.6 MENU Keys
These keys select the main menus for displaying or
changing a parameter, function, or mode.
3.6.1 WAVEFORM Keys
These keys select the waveform output and display
the waveform parameter menu (frequency, amplitude
and offset).
Sine Menu
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F1: Frequency – Selects and displays the frequency.
Change the frequency setting using the cursor keys,
rotary knob, or numerical keys.
F2: Amplitude – Selects and displays the amplitude.
Change the amplitude setting using the cursor keys,
rotary knob, or numerical keys.
F3: Offset – Selects and displays the offset
parameter. Change the offset by using the cursor
keys, rotary knob, or numerical keys. If a certain
setting cannot be produced, the waveform generator
will display a “Setting Conflict” message.
Amplitude and offset settings interact and are bound
by hardware restrictions. To obtain the desired
waveform, the amplitude and offset must satisfy the
following formula:
(Vp-p)/2 + |offset| <= 5 volts
F4: Symmetry – When the Square or Triangle
waveforms are selected, the SYMMETRY (duty
cycle) parameter is available. Change the symmetry
(Triangle) or duty cycle (Square) by using the cursor
keys, rotary knob, or numerical keys. If a certain
setting cannot be produced, the waveform generator
will display a warning message.
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Square Menu
3.6.2 MODE Key
Selects the output mode: CONT (Continuous), TRIG
(Triggered), GATE (Gated), and BRST (Burst).
To select the output mode, press MODE, then press
the function key that corresponds to the desired
Mode menu option, as shown:
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Mode Menu
F1: Continuous – Selects continuous output.
F2: Triggered – Triggers one output cycle of the
selected waveform for each trigger event.
F3: Gated – Triggers output cycles as long as the
trigger source asserts the gate signal.
F4: Burst – Triggers ‘N’ number of output cycles for
each trigger event, where N ranges from 2 to 65,535.
After selecting the TRIGGERED, GATED, or BURST
menu, the trigger source menu is available:
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