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Stat Power Sensor
Model 7022
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
This is a preliminary manual. Specifications, limits, and text are
subject to change without notice. The information within this
manual was as complete as possible at the time of printing.
Bird Electronic Corporation is not liable for errors.
©Copyright 2014 by Bird Electronic Corporation
Instruction Book Part Number 920-7022 Rev. P2
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0
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Safety Precautions
The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to any specific part or procedure, and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this publication. These precautions
must be thoroughly understood and apply to all phases of operation and maintenance.
WARNING
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Operating Personnel must at all times observe general safety
precautions. Do not replace components or make
adjustments to the inside of the test equipment with the
high voltage supply turned on. To avoid casualties, always
remove power.
WARNING
Shock Hazard
Do not attempt to remove the RF transmission line while
RF power is present.
WARNING
Do Not Service Or Adjust Alone
Under no circumstances should any person reach into an
enclosure for the purpose of service or adjustment of
equipment except in the presence of someone who is
capable of rendering aid.
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WARNING
Safety Earth Ground
An uniterruptible earth safety ground must be supplied from the
main power source to test instruments. Grounding one
conductor of a two conductor power cable is not sufficient
protection. Serious injury or death can occur if this grounding is
not properly supplied.
WARNING
Resuscitation
Personnel working with or near high voltages should be
familiar with modern methods of resuscitation.
Safety Symbols
WARNING
Warning notes call attention to a procedure, which if not
correctly performed, could result in personal injury.
CAUTION
Caution notes call attention to a procedure, which if not
correctly performed, could result in damage to the
instrument.
Note: Calls attention to supplemental information.
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Warning Statements
The following safety warnings appear in the text where there
is danger to operating and maintenance personnel, and are
repeated here for emphasis.
WARNING
Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from
the transmission line while RF power is being applied.
Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard.
On page 3.
Caution Statements
The following equipment cautions appear in the text and are
repeated here for emphasis.
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Safety Statements
USAGE
ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT
SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR
THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION.
USO
EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA
NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE
ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL
INSTRUMENTO.
BENUTZUNG
WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE
VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER
BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT
BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.
UTILISATION
TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI
N’EST PAS EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE
FABRICANT PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF
DE PROTECTION DE L’INSTRUMENT.
IMPIEGO
QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE
UTILIZZATO IN MODO DIVERSO DA COME
SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA PROZIONE
DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE
COMPROMESSA.
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SERVICE
SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY
SERVICE - TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID
DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM
ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO.
SERVICIO
LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA
USO EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO
CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE
DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN
SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO
PARA HACERIO.
WARTUNG
ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES
GERÄTES GELTEN NUR FÜR GESCHULTES
FACHPERSONAL. ZUR VERMEIDUNG
GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SIND
WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON
QUALIFIZIERTEM SERVICEPERSONAL
DURCHZUFÜHREN.
ENTRENTIEN
L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN
DOIT ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ
AUX OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR
PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX,
NE PAS EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A
PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ POUR CE FAIRE.
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ASSISTENZA TECNICA
LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA
SONO PREVISTE ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL
PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE ADDESTRATO.
PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE ELETTRICHE
NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A
MENO CHE QUALIFICATI A FARLA.
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About This Manual
This manual covers the operating and maintenance instructions for the following models:
7022-1-020201
Changes to this Manual
We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate.
If you discover any errors, or if you have suggestions for
improving this manual, please send your comments to our
Solon, Ohio factory. This manual may be periodically updated.
When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part
number and revision on the title page.
Literature Contents
Chapter Layout
Introduction — Describes the features of the Statistical
Power Sensor.
Installation — Describes how to connection and install the
Statistical Power Sensor into the system that is being monitored.
Operation — Describes how to run and maintain the Statis-
tical Power Sensor.
Specifications - Describes the basic information, settings,
and ranges of the Statistical Power Sensor
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Table of Contents
Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Warning Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Caution Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Safety Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Changes to this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Literature Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Chapter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 3 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Zeroing Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Function Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Statistical Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Time Domain Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
LED Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Updating the Sensor Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
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Chapter 4 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7022-1-020201 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Sensor Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Statistical Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Time Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Physical and Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . 13
Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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Chapter 1 Introduction
Description
The Bird Statistical Power Sensor (SPS) is a Thruline sensor
that can measure Average, Real Time, Peak and Statistical. It is
used with the Bird Virtual Power Meter Software (VPM3).
Note: Firmware upgrades extending the SPS’s
capabilities may be periodically released. For the
latest firmware upgrade, contact Bird Customer
Service at 866-695-4569 or visit our website at
http://www.birdrf.com
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Outline
Figure 1 Sensor Outline
NF RF Connectors
Trigger
2
USB
Reset
Button
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Chapter 2 Installation
Connections
WARNING
Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from
the transmission line while RF power is being applied.
Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard.
Note: Connect the SPS to the RF line so that the
arrow on the sensor points towards the load/
antenna.
To connect using the USB port, connect the USB cable
between the computer and the SPS. A separate power supply
is not required when using the USB port.
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Chapter 3 Operation
Zeroing Sensor
Note: This procedures uses VPM3.
1. Check that no RF is in the system.
Note: The sensor will read “~0.”
2. Do one of the following:
Press the Amplitude menu button.
Go to the Amplitude menu item.
3. Press the Zero menu key.
Note: Zeroing will take about 10 seconds. A progress bar for the calibration will be displayed on the
screen.
Note: If the calibration is interrupted for any reason, the sensor will need to be re-zeroed.
4. Press “Run” to resume data collection with the new Zero
offset.
Figure 2 Zeroing Sensor
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Function Descriptions
Figure 3 Average and Peak Envelope Power -
Square Wave Signal
Average Power
Diodes and “square law” output is directly proportional to the
average power, which provides the measure of the equivalent
heating power of a signal, as measured with a calorimeter.
The measurement is the total RF power in the system, and
does not depend on the number of carriers or modulation
scheme. The statistical power sensor measures forward and
reflected power so that VSWR, return loss or Rho (reflection
coefficient) can be displayed.
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Statistical Power
Most modern wireless communication systems employ complex modulation methods like orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
(QAM). These methods use a combination amplitude, frequency, or phase to create symbol based multichannel or
multi-carrier systems that result in pseudorandom or noiselike power envelops. The peak-to-average power ratio of such
a waveform can be a complex function of the data stream
content rather than just amplitude. Since digitally modulated
signals often appear noise-like, statistical analysis may be
used in order to characterize them.
The Statistical Power Sensor collects samples of the envelope
of a carrier and accumulates them in a series of bins. This
information is useful for qualitative assessment of complex
waveforms that have a finite number of discrete amplitude
levels, like QAM.
A more useful measurement is one that shows how often various power levels occur as a percentage of data ensemble
length. This is done by calculating the cumulative distribution
function (CDF) from the PDF.
CDF - Shows the probability in percent that the mea-
sured power is less than or equal to a specified
power level.
Complementary CDF (CCDF) - The probability that
the measured power is greater than a specified
power level.
Crest Factor - Peak-to-average ratio, or Crest Factor,
displays the number of samples analyzed, elapsed
time, and confidence band.
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Time Domain Mode
The Statistical Power Sensor time domain mode operates very
much like a modern digital oscilloscope that has its vertical
axis accurately calibrated in power. Time base and trigger
functions are available to present a stable time domain
graphic that permits markers to be set to display.
Peak (Envelope) Power
Burst Power
Power at Marker
Power between Markers
IIEE Thirteen Pulse Related Parametric Measure-
ments (rise time, overshoot, fall time, etc.)
LED Codes
LED Code Condition Action
Solid Red Fatal Error Return for service.
Slow Blink Red Device Error Return for service.
Fast Blink Red Storage Media
Error
Red/Green Slow
Blink
Red/Yellow Slow
Blink
Solid Green Ready Device is ready to
Cal Memory
Error
Config Memory
Error
Return for service.
Return for service.
Return for service.
execute commands.
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LED Code Condition Action
Solid Blue Loading FPGA Normally displays for
less than 30 seconds
when sensor is
started. Otherwise
return for service.
Fast Blinking Blue FPGA Self Test
Failed
Blue/White Slow
Blink
Blue/Red Slow
Blink
Blue/Magenta
Slow Blink
Slow Blink Yellow Execution Error Invalid command or
Fast Blink
Magenta
FPGA Prog Init
Error
Failed to Load
FPGA
FPGA Register
Failure
Insufficient
Memory
Return for service.
Return for service.
Update the firmware,
see “Updating the
Sensor Firmware” on
page 10.
If problem persists,
return for service.
Return for service
parameter value.
Cycle power.
Sensor is waiting for a
firmware update.
“Updating the Sensor
Firmware” on page 10.
If an update is not
desired, disconnect
then reconnect the
USB cable. Ensure the
button is not pressed.
See
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Updating the Sensor Firmware
1. Go to http://www.birdrf.com/
2. Download new version of firmware.
3. Connect the sensor to a PC via the USB cable.
4. Press and hold the Reset button.
Note: This will switch the sensor to bootloader
mode.
Note: The firmware/FPGA version to be updated
to the sensor will show in the “Update Version”
field.
5. Click the “Details” button to display detail message in the
message screen.
6. Click the “Update” button will start to update in the order
firmware first then FPGA.
Note: The progress bar will indicate the progress.
Note: Right after the firmware update finishes it
expects a long time delay before updating FPGA as
the sensor will restart and reload FPGA. It may take
more than 3 mins to finish FPGA update depending
on the size of FPGA image.
Note: Right after FPGA completing, the sensor
version number will be read back and show in the
“Sensor Version” field to replace “Unavailable” to
complete entire update.
7. Close the Application.
8. Disconnect the sensor from the PC.
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Chapter 4 Specifications
7022-1-020201 Specifications
Sensor Characteristics
Frequency Range 350 MHz to 6 GHz
RF Power Range 0.025 W to 500 W average, 1500 W
Maximum Power See "Max. Peak Power" on page 13.
Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms
Insertion Loss, Max 0.05 dB
Input VSWR, Max 1.05
Directivity, Min 30 dB
RF Connectors N Female
Interface USB 2.0 Type B
Power Supply:
USB Port
DC Connector
Data Logging In VPM3 Software
Average Power
RF Power Range 0.25 – 500 W
Peak/Average Ratio, Max 0.025 to 500 W
Measurement Accuracy. TBD
peak
Less than one high-power USB load
7 – 18 VDC, < 500 mA
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Statistical Power
Measurement Range:
Return Loss
)
Rho (
VSWR
0 to 23 dB
0.07 to 0.999
1.15 to 99.9
Forward Power, Min .5 W
Measurement Accuracy See Figure 4 on page 12.
Figure 4 Match Measure Uncertainty
4
2
0
-2
Uncertainty(dB)
-4
-6
Return Loss
Above
3GHz+
Above
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
3GHzBelow
3GHz+
Time Domain
RF Power Range 4.0 – 400 W
Measurement Accuracy.:
burst width > 200 μs
1 μs < b.w
. < 200 μs
burst width < 1 μs
burst width < 0.5 μs
± (7% of reading + 0.2 W)
± (10% of reading + 0.4 W)
± (15% of reading + 0.4 W)
± (20% of reading + 0.4 W)
Minimum Pulse Width: 400 ns
a. Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR.
See Figure 5 on page 13.
b. Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%
For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W
For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W)
a
b
b
b
b
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Figure 5 Max. Peak Power
10000
1000
Power (Watts)
100
0.1 1 10
Frequency (GHz)
VSWR=1
VSWR=1.5
VSWR=3
Physical and Environmental Specifications
Temp, Operating –10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F)
Temp, Storage –40 to +80 °C (–40 to +176 °F)
Mechanical Shock
ibration
and V
Humidity, Max 95% (non-condensing)
Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m)
Dimensions, Nominal 5.36” x 3.74” x 1.24”
Weight, Max 1.5 lb. (0.68 kg)
CE Mark Compliant
RoHS Compliant
EMC EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
MIL-PRF-28800F class 3
(136 x 95 x 31.5 mm)
European Standard: EN 61326—
Electrical Equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use.
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3.74”
5.359”
14
Front
Back
1.241”
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Limited Warranty
All products manufactured by Seller are warranted to be free from defects in
material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year, unless otherwise
specified, from date of shipment and to conform to applicable specifications,
drawings, blueprints and/or samples. Seller’s sole obligation under these
warranties shall be to issue credit, repair or replace any item or part thereof
which is proved to be other than as warranted; no allowance shall be made for
any labor charges of Buyer for replacement of parts, adjustment or repairs, or
any other work, unless such charges are authorized in advance by Seller.
If Seller’s products are claimed to be defective in material or workmanship or
not to conform to specifications, drawings, blueprints and/or samples, Seller
shall, upon prompt notice thereof, either examine the products where they are
located or issue shipping instructions for return to Seller (transportation charges
prepaid by Buyer). In the event any of our products are proved to be other than
as warranted, transportation costs (cheapest way) to and from Seller’s plant, will
be borne by Seller and reimbursement or credit will be made for amounts so
expended by Buyer. Every such claim for breach of these warranties shall be
deemed to be waived by Buyer unless made in writing within ten (10) days from
the date of discovery of the defect.
The above warranties shall not extend to any products or parts thereof which
have been subjected to any misuse or neglect, damaged by accident, rendered
defective by reason of improper installation or by the performance of repairs or
alterations outside of our plant, and shall not apply to any goods or parts thereof
furnished by Buyer or acquired from others at Buyer’s request and/or to Buyer’s
specifications. Routine (regularly required) calibration is not covered under this
limited warranty. In addition, Seller’s warranties do not extend to the failure of
tubes, transistors, fuses and batteries, or to other equipment and parts
manufactured by others except to the extent of the original manufacturer’s
warranty to Seller.
The obligations under the foregoing warranties are limited to the precise terms
thereof. These warranties provide exclusive remedies, expressly in lieu of all
other remedies including claims for special or consequential damages. SELLER
NEITHER MAKES NOR ASSUMES ANY OTHER WARRANTY WHATSOEVER,
WHETHER EXPRESS, STATUTORY, OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, AND NO PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO ASSUME
FOR SELLER ANY OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY NOT STRICTLY IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE FOREGOING.
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